2
00:02:04,208 --> 00:02:06,119
My name is Damon.

3
00:02:07,833 --> 00:02:10,370
And this is my daughter, velvet.

4
00:02:13,375 --> 00:02:15,366
Are you trying to plant dad?

5
00:02:15,375 --> 00:02:16,865
She's just turned four.

6
00:02:20,083 --> 00:02:22,495
Her days are spent
in a happy bubble,

7
00:02:22,500 --> 00:02:24,957
created by my excellent wife,
Zoe.

8
00:02:24,958 --> 00:02:26,619
Yeah?

9
00:02:30,500 --> 00:02:33,663
She's lucky enough that
her major concerns right now

10
00:02:33,667 --> 00:02:38,489
<i>are numbers... Daddy.
Mummy. Velly.</i>

11
00:02:38,500 --> 00:02:40,411
So how many pieces is that?

12
00:02:43,125 --> 00:02:45,161
How to tell
a knock knock joke...

13
00:02:45,167 --> 00:02:46,782
- Knock, knock.
- Who's there?

14
00:02:46,792 --> 00:02:48,657
- Unicorn.
- Unicorn who?

15
00:02:48,667 --> 00:02:50,999
Unicorn jump over the rainbow.

16
00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:54,913
Oh, that's who it is!

17
00:02:54,917 --> 00:02:57,659
And the elusive art of
sleep direction.

18
00:03:01,917 --> 00:03:04,659
But soon she'll have to
leave that happy bubble

19
00:03:04,667 --> 00:03:07,659
and face a rapidly
deteriorating environment.

20
00:03:09,792 --> 00:03:11,498
faster than
the scientists predicted.

21
00:03:11,500 --> 00:03:12,990
We're seeing large waterfalls

22
00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:14,536
pouring off the side of the ice.

23
00:03:14,542 --> 00:03:16,624
It's an alarming acceleration.

24
00:03:16,625 --> 00:03:18,786
The need to address this
is so urgent...

25
00:03:20,417 --> 00:03:22,032
That it often overwhelms me.

26
00:03:27,917 --> 00:03:31,614
The simplest way I can explain
our current predicament

27
00:03:31,625 --> 00:03:34,788
is to briefly channel
my year nine science teacher

28
00:03:34,792 --> 00:03:37,659
and pretend our house
is the planet.

29
00:03:41,667 --> 00:03:44,739
Carbon is a miraculous
building block

30
00:03:44,750 --> 00:03:46,286
and for millions of years,

31
00:03:46,292 --> 00:03:49,284
our planet has been part of
a natural carbon cycle.

32
00:03:49,292 --> 00:03:52,284
Some gets released,
some gets stored,

33
00:03:52,292 --> 00:03:53,907
and if these things
are balanced,

34
00:03:53,917 --> 00:03:55,782
then equilibrium is maintained.

35
00:03:57,292 --> 00:03:59,157
But since the
industrial revolution,

36
00:03:59,167 --> 00:04:01,533
we've broken the balance

37
00:04:01,542 --> 00:04:03,282
and have been
dramatically increasing

38
00:04:03,292 --> 00:04:05,658
the release of
the earth's stored carbon

39
00:04:05,667 --> 00:04:07,282
into our atmosphere.

40
00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:16,865
For hundreds of thousands of
years,

41
00:04:16,875 --> 00:04:21,039
we've hovered between about
180 and 280 parts per million

42
00:04:21,042 --> 00:04:23,784
of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere.

43
00:04:23,792 --> 00:04:25,657
But since the
industrial revolution,

44
00:04:25,667 --> 00:04:28,659
that number has shot up over 40%

45
00:04:28,667 --> 00:04:31,158
to more than
400 parts per million,

46
00:04:31,167 --> 00:04:33,624
trapping heat in our atmosphere.

47
00:04:35,625 --> 00:04:39,117
More than 90% of
the excess heat being trapped

48
00:04:39,125 --> 00:04:41,116
is absorbed by our oceans.

49
00:04:42,375 --> 00:04:45,867
The oceans also absorb much
of the extra carbon dioxide,

50
00:04:45,875 --> 00:04:52,075
and so are now 30% more acidic
than they were 150 years ago.

51
00:04:52,083 --> 00:04:54,699
And this is impacting
on biodiversity,

52
00:04:54,708 --> 00:04:59,372
as many sea creatures,
such as oysters or clams,

53
00:04:59,375 --> 00:05:02,242
are struggling to make
their shells.

54
00:05:02,250 --> 00:05:05,617
But the increased heat and
overall energy in the system

55
00:05:05,625 --> 00:05:08,617
also leads to more intense
weather events.

56
00:05:11,083 --> 00:05:13,244
Hotter air can hold
more moisture,

57
00:05:13,250 --> 00:05:16,367
so rainfalls, storms,
hurricanes, floods,

58
00:05:16,375 --> 00:05:19,082
even snowfalls
can become heavier.

59
00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:26,822
It is true that the climate
has always been changing.

60
00:05:26,833 --> 00:05:28,869
It just hasn't changed
this rapidly

61
00:05:28,875 --> 00:05:30,831
in at least 50 million years.

62
00:05:35,458 --> 00:05:38,120
Unfortunately,
the increase in heat

63
00:05:38,125 --> 00:05:40,867
also means that our polar caps
and glaciers

64
00:05:40,875 --> 00:05:42,490
are rapidly melting,

65
00:05:42,500 --> 00:05:44,331
which causes sea level rise

66
00:05:44,333 --> 00:05:46,119
that threatens
hundreds of millions of people

67
00:05:55,625 --> 00:05:58,116
The earth
is our collective home,

68
00:05:58,125 --> 00:06:01,617
but we're actually renting it
from future generations.

69
00:06:01,625 --> 00:06:04,458
So we need to not only rapidly
reduce our emissions...

70
00:06:05,958 --> 00:06:07,619
Oi! Righto!

71
00:06:09,833 --> 00:06:11,824
But also find ways to sequester

72
00:06:11,833 --> 00:06:15,121
or draw down
the excess carbon dioxide

73
00:06:15,125 --> 00:06:17,116
that has already been
put into the system.

74
00:06:18,500 --> 00:06:22,322
Many scientists believe that
getting down to 350 ppm

75
00:06:22,333 --> 00:06:24,244
would be a terrific goal.

76
00:06:35,250 --> 00:06:37,741
So I think we're all
pretty aware

77
00:06:37,750 --> 00:06:39,957
that when it comes to
predictions of the future,

78
00:06:39,958 --> 00:06:42,995
they're almost entirely
negative at the moment.

79
00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:45,832
Any time you open your newsfeed
or social media,

80
00:06:45,833 --> 00:06:47,619
there's some kind of
doom and gloom story

81
00:06:47,625 --> 00:06:50,241
about the future of
our environment.

82
00:06:51,625 --> 00:06:54,241
And as a father, I...

83
00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:57,242
I think there's room
for a different story.

84
00:06:57,250 --> 00:06:59,582
A story that focuses
on the solutions

85
00:06:59,583 --> 00:07:01,699
to some of these problems.

86
00:07:01,708 --> 00:07:06,577
So my plan is to go out and
find some of these solutions

87
00:07:06,583 --> 00:07:09,575
and then create a vision
of a different future

88
00:07:09,583 --> 00:07:11,448
for our daughter.

89
00:07:11,458 --> 00:07:12,698
What about...

90
00:07:12,708 --> 00:07:14,744
I want to show her
what the world would look like

91
00:07:14,750 --> 00:07:18,572
if the solutions I find
were implemented today.

92
00:07:18,583 --> 00:07:21,746
So, what would the world
look like in 2040

93
00:07:21,750 --> 00:07:25,117
if we just embraced
the best that already exists?

94
00:07:26,500 --> 00:07:28,741
And that's my only rule.

95
00:07:28,750 --> 00:07:31,492
Everything I show her in
this 2040,

96
00:07:31,500 --> 00:07:34,822
has to exist today,
in some form.

97
00:07:34,833 --> 00:07:36,323
I can't make it up.

98
00:07:37,750 --> 00:07:40,116
- See you, dadda.
- See you, darling.

99
00:07:44,250 --> 00:07:45,456
Have fun.

100
00:07:46,500 --> 00:07:48,832
I'm calling it
an exercise in

101
00:07:48,833 --> 00:07:51,199
fact-based dreaming.

102
00:08:16,583 --> 00:08:21,703
The first step in this exercise
was to consult the generation

103
00:08:21,708 --> 00:08:25,371
who'll be sharing the future
with our daughter.

104
00:08:26,875 --> 00:08:28,365
- Hi, everybody.
- Morning.

105
00:08:28,375 --> 00:08:30,240
Morning. My name is Damon.

106
00:08:30,250 --> 00:08:32,491
Now, do you guys know where
we've come from today?

107
00:08:32,500 --> 00:08:34,456
Do you know what country
that I'm from?

108
00:08:34,458 --> 00:08:35,368
No.

109
00:08:35,375 --> 00:08:37,616
We have animals called platypus.

110
00:08:39,500 --> 00:08:42,457
- Kangaroo.
- Australia!

111
00:08:42,458 --> 00:08:43,948
Australia? Yeah, yeah, yeah.

112
00:08:43,958 --> 00:08:45,869
We've been going
all around the world

113
00:08:45,875 --> 00:08:47,615
and talking to lots of
different children your age,

114
00:08:47,625 --> 00:08:49,331
and so we're going to
ask you what kind of things

115
00:08:49,333 --> 00:08:50,823
you want to see in the future.

116
00:08:54,042 --> 00:08:58,035
Well, what would make me
happy in the world is...

117
00:08:58,042 --> 00:08:59,532
Hmm.

118
00:09:00,792 --> 00:09:02,407
I think we should get
this invention

119
00:09:02,417 --> 00:09:07,787
which sucks up
all of the rubbish in the world

120
00:09:07,792 --> 00:09:11,364
and puts it in a intergalactic
dimension,

121
00:09:11,375 --> 00:09:13,912
which is a rubbish dimension.

122
00:09:13,917 --> 00:09:17,114
I'd like to see deforestation
being stopped

123
00:09:17,125 --> 00:09:19,992
because it's ruining the planet.

124
00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:22,742
Animals are losing their homes.

125
00:09:32,417 --> 00:09:35,909
<i>Cleaner water. That would
really make me happy.</i>

126
00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:46,161
Well, I would like for
the government

127
00:09:46,167 --> 00:09:50,240
to have done something on
global warming and pollution,

128
00:09:50,250 --> 00:09:54,664
as now, I think they're not
really doing anything about it.

129
00:09:54,667 --> 00:09:56,783
You know,
just be respectful to earth.

130
00:10:02,292 --> 00:10:05,989
It was sobering to learn
how preoccupied the kids are

131
00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:08,286
with the state of the planet,

132
00:10:08,292 --> 00:10:10,283
and what a big job
I had ahead of me.

133
00:10:11,417 --> 00:10:15,239
So I began my search
for solutions with energy.

134
00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:46,414
I found myself in Bangladesh,
where the roads are chaotic...

135
00:10:48,292 --> 00:10:51,034
And people are openly
peddling ice on the streets.

136
00:10:53,542 --> 00:10:56,124
Currently, Bangladesh
has one of the largest

137
00:10:56,125 --> 00:10:58,036
solar home system
markets in the world.

138
00:10:58,042 --> 00:10:59,782
Over 5 million
solar home systems.

139
00:10:59,792 --> 00:11:02,624
So most households in every
rural area in Bangladesh

140
00:11:02,625 --> 00:11:04,115
actually has
a solar home system,

141
00:11:04,125 --> 00:11:05,911
and that's their primary
source of energy.

142
00:11:05,917 --> 00:11:07,248
Wow.

143
00:11:08,750 --> 00:11:13,164
This charming 23-year-old
is neel tamhane,

144
00:11:13,167 --> 00:11:15,874
who has studied alternative
energy technologies

145
00:11:15,875 --> 00:11:18,662
and come home to help
power his country.

146
00:11:20,417 --> 00:11:24,285
Turns out I wasn't the only one
who wanted to hear him talk.

147
00:11:26,625 --> 00:11:29,788
So what we do is we
interconnect solar home systems

148
00:11:29,792 --> 00:11:32,408
and we enable energy
sharing between them,

149
00:11:32,417 --> 00:11:33,907
which is basically trading,

150
00:11:33,917 --> 00:11:36,249
and the customer chooses
when they want to trade

151
00:11:36,250 --> 00:11:37,740
and when they don't.

152
00:11:39,292 --> 00:11:41,658
Instead of building large grids,

153
00:11:41,667 --> 00:11:43,908
we're proposing
a decentralised structure

154
00:11:43,917 --> 00:11:46,750
where we start building grids
bottom up.

155
00:11:48,917 --> 00:11:52,034
The setup
is quite simple.

156
00:11:52,042 --> 00:11:54,784
Any home that has solar panels
and a battery...

157
00:11:56,667 --> 00:11:58,532
Can buy this special box...

158
00:12:00,042 --> 00:12:01,782
Which connects them
to another house

159
00:12:01,792 --> 00:12:03,282
with the same setup.

160
00:12:05,250 --> 00:12:08,788
The box allows the buying
or selling of energy

161
00:12:08,792 --> 00:12:10,282
between the homes.

162
00:12:11,542 --> 00:12:12,998
But it gets better.

163
00:12:14,250 --> 00:12:16,741
There is still a segment
of the population

164
00:12:16,750 --> 00:12:18,741
that still can't afford to
buy a solar home system.

165
00:12:18,750 --> 00:12:20,286
So, instead of doing that,

166
00:12:20,292 --> 00:12:22,874
if they can just buy
a small solbox,

167
00:12:22,875 --> 00:12:24,786
they can just buy energy
when they need it.

168
00:12:24,792 --> 00:12:27,374
You fill up your solbox
with money.

169
00:12:27,375 --> 00:12:30,287
As you keep using energy,
it deducts money.

170
00:12:35,250 --> 00:12:37,036
What this means

171
00:12:37,042 --> 00:12:39,408
is that all the boxes
can connect to each other

172
00:12:39,417 --> 00:12:40,907
to form a microgrid.

173
00:12:42,292 --> 00:12:44,658
It's like a water tank
of community energy

174
00:12:44,667 --> 00:12:47,625
that people can give to
or take from.

175
00:12:49,250 --> 00:12:51,366
The beauty is that
this microgrid

176
00:12:51,375 --> 00:12:53,991
can then connect to the
adjacent village's microgrid

177
00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:56,992
and the network becomes
stronger and stronger.

178
00:12:58,542 --> 00:13:00,783
There's a mimicking of nature
here, isn't there?

179
00:13:00,792 --> 00:13:03,909
Like, in the way that
cells multiply

180
00:13:03,917 --> 00:13:06,374
and form something
and strengthen it.

181
00:13:06,375 --> 00:13:08,366
Yeah, that's a great analogy.

182
00:13:08,375 --> 00:13:10,661
You have one solar home system,

183
00:13:10,667 --> 00:13:12,749
you interconnect with your
neighbours, you make it 50.

184
00:13:12,750 --> 00:13:14,536
Slowly,
you interconnect villages.

185
00:13:14,542 --> 00:13:16,123
Once you have collected
hundreds,

186
00:13:16,125 --> 00:13:18,116
you can hook it up to the grid,
you can sell to the grid.

187
00:13:18,125 --> 00:13:19,615
Forget buying from it -

188
00:13:19,625 --> 00:13:21,411
you become the primary
energy generation source

189
00:13:21,417 --> 00:13:22,907
for the country.

190
00:13:23,917 --> 00:13:26,158
So the idea is
we are like a swarm of bees

191
00:13:26,167 --> 00:13:29,284
or a swarm of fish
that move together,

192
00:13:29,292 --> 00:13:32,250
pool in all our energies
together to run bigger loads.

193
00:13:34,625 --> 00:13:37,412
This technology
could revolutionise

194
00:13:37,417 --> 00:13:40,534
the way we distribute energy
worldwide.

195
00:13:42,875 --> 00:13:45,742
From little things,
big things grow.

196
00:13:47,417 --> 00:13:51,615
When we have a
decentralised mode of energy,

197
00:13:51,625 --> 00:13:53,411
the same thing that happened
with the web,

198
00:13:53,417 --> 00:13:54,907
happens with information

199
00:13:54,917 --> 00:13:56,908
where basically,
it's Democratic.

200
00:13:56,917 --> 00:13:58,657
Energy becomes Democratic.

201
00:13:58,667 --> 00:14:01,033
But also it becomes
very efficient.

202
00:14:01,042 --> 00:14:02,498
It's far more efficient

203
00:14:02,500 --> 00:14:05,913
because you produce it at
the point where you consume it.

204
00:14:10,125 --> 00:14:13,288
Having efficient
local energy

205
00:14:13,292 --> 00:14:15,908
also provides greater resilience

206
00:14:15,917 --> 00:14:18,374
in an increasingly
hostile climate.

207
00:14:20,500 --> 00:14:22,912
And when we talk about
climate change, it's floods,

208
00:14:22,917 --> 00:14:26,159
it's natural disasters
that happen very often here.

209
00:14:26,167 --> 00:14:29,910
<i>In the last 1.5 years, we have
seen about 5, 6 disasters.</i>

210
00:14:33,125 --> 00:14:36,367
When you have a centralised
grid, everything breaks down

211
00:14:36,375 --> 00:14:39,242
and then it takes a long time
to build it back up.

212
00:14:42,375 --> 00:14:44,866
If we have decentralised
generation sources,

213
00:14:44,875 --> 00:14:47,412
every household has their own
generation source.

214
00:14:47,417 --> 00:14:48,532
They're independent

215
00:14:48,542 --> 00:14:50,032
and they have their power
in their own hands,

216
00:14:50,042 --> 00:14:51,532
instead of depending
on the government

217
00:14:51,542 --> 00:14:53,157
to provide it to them.

218
00:15:12,792 --> 00:15:16,114
The impact of the
locally-generated electricity

219
00:15:16,125 --> 00:15:17,911
is best seen at night.

220
00:15:20,542 --> 00:15:25,366
The influx of cash has made the
village bazaar the place to be.

221
00:16:02,500 --> 00:16:04,786
You guys have just skipped
the landline telephone.

222
00:16:04,792 --> 00:16:06,282
You've gone straight to
the mobile.

223
00:16:06,292 --> 00:16:08,783
<i>Exactly. And it's throughout.
It's not even about energy.</i>

224
00:16:08,792 --> 00:16:11,374
We skipped the grid
and we build our own.

225
00:16:11,375 --> 00:16:13,912
There are developing
countries like India,

226
00:16:13,917 --> 00:16:16,124
Bangladesh, a lot
of countries in east Africa

227
00:16:16,125 --> 00:16:18,491
that are trying to do
a top-down electrification.

228
00:16:18,500 --> 00:16:20,616
They are spending
billions of dollars here.

229
00:16:20,625 --> 00:16:22,115
But instead of doing that,

230
00:16:22,125 --> 00:16:24,537
if they can actually help
subsidise these systems

231
00:16:24,542 --> 00:16:26,749
and let people
own their own system,

232
00:16:26,750 --> 00:16:29,787
they would be so proud
by owning these.

233
00:16:29,792 --> 00:16:32,408
So when I'm trading energy
with you, suppose,

234
00:16:32,417 --> 00:16:35,739
you're actually paying me for
it, and I'm getting the money,

235
00:16:35,750 --> 00:16:37,866
so the money also stays
within the economy.

236
00:16:40,042 --> 00:16:41,748
This is bringing back people
together.

237
00:16:41,750 --> 00:16:44,036
Yes!

238
00:16:46,792 --> 00:16:51,365
As I left the village,
I had a renewed sense of hope.

239
00:16:51,375 --> 00:16:53,912
Particularly when neel told me

240
00:16:53,917 --> 00:16:56,249
this technology is springing up
in other countries.

241
00:17:00,167 --> 00:17:03,124
This solution is
great for our environment,

242
00:17:03,125 --> 00:17:06,538
with so many cascading benefits

243
00:17:06,542 --> 00:17:09,409
for any community
that chooses to adopt it.

244
00:17:15,792 --> 00:17:20,286
So, sticking to my rule of only
showing what exists today,

245
00:17:20,292 --> 00:17:23,409
here's what the future
of energy could look like

246
00:17:23,417 --> 00:17:24,907
for my daughter.

247
00:17:33,625 --> 00:17:35,832
This, velvet, could be you.

248
00:17:36,875 --> 00:17:38,240
Or this.

249
00:17:39,333 --> 00:17:40,994
Or even this.

250
00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:42,956
We love you.

251
00:17:42,958 --> 00:17:45,620
And this could be where
you live.

252
00:17:46,875 --> 00:17:48,115
Or here.

253
00:17:50,500 --> 00:17:52,491
Or even here.

254
00:17:52,500 --> 00:17:54,365
But probably not here.

255
00:17:54,375 --> 00:17:58,823
<i>Darling! It's seven o'clock!
It's time for family yoga!</i>

256
00:18:03,750 --> 00:18:05,456
Crystal, bring up energy.

257
00:18:06,625 --> 00:18:08,865
<i>Certainly.
What would you like me to do?</i>

258
00:18:10,250 --> 00:18:13,117
Imagine if your house
in 2040

259
00:18:13,125 --> 00:18:14,865
is part of a microgrid

260
00:18:14,875 --> 00:18:18,072
that helps power the economy
throughout your city.

261
00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:26,491
Imagine if your windows
are solar glass

262
00:18:26,500 --> 00:18:28,616
and come standard in new homes.

263
00:18:30,250 --> 00:18:34,448
And your solar battery
is cheap and recyclable.

264
00:18:36,458 --> 00:18:39,996
This could allow you to
donate your excess energy.

265
00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:41,956
I'm going away for four days.

266
00:18:41,958 --> 00:18:44,074
Would you like to
share or sell?

267
00:18:44,083 --> 00:18:47,325
Share. Hurricane relief.

268
00:18:47,333 --> 00:18:49,369
Done. You're a legend.

269
00:18:49,375 --> 00:18:51,115
Thanks.

270
00:18:51,125 --> 00:18:52,740
- Humans are awesome.
- Ok.

271
00:18:52,750 --> 00:18:55,492
That choice
was good for your soul.

272
00:18:55,500 --> 00:18:56,831
Alright.

273
00:18:57,875 --> 00:18:59,615
Every home
is going to have a battery

274
00:18:59,625 --> 00:19:02,207
that's going to store
as much electricity

275
00:19:02,208 --> 00:19:03,698
as it possibly can store.

276
00:19:03,708 --> 00:19:05,869
And all the governments
in the world

277
00:19:05,875 --> 00:19:07,740
cannot push back against that

278
00:19:07,750 --> 00:19:10,241
because folks are going to go
buy it at the store,

279
00:19:10,250 --> 00:19:13,367
at Ikea, at Walmart,
at the supermarket.

280
00:19:13,375 --> 00:19:14,865
And it's going to be very cheap.

281
00:19:14,875 --> 00:19:16,866
So cheap that you're not even
going to notice.

282
00:19:21,500 --> 00:19:23,832
If cheaper
home energy systems

283
00:19:23,833 --> 00:19:26,825
are combined with more people
demanding clean energy

284
00:19:26,833 --> 00:19:28,323
from their politicians,
darling...

285
00:19:29,750 --> 00:19:31,365
Then there's a chance
many countries

286
00:19:31,375 --> 00:19:35,368
could be close to
100% renewable by 2040.

287
00:19:39,750 --> 00:19:41,240
What I can guarantee

288
00:19:41,250 --> 00:19:43,741
is that not only will I be
an embarrassing dad...

289
00:19:43,750 --> 00:19:45,240
Find news.

290
00:19:46,333 --> 00:19:49,120
But that natural disasters
will increase their intensity

291
00:19:49,125 --> 00:19:50,831
over the next two decades.

292
00:19:52,458 --> 00:19:54,870
Absolute chaos.

293
00:19:54,875 --> 00:19:57,582
<i>Run, run! Get out!
Run, run!</i>

294
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:02,241
God. Oh, my god!

295
00:20:03,708 --> 00:20:05,244
Whoa!

296
00:20:11,875 --> 00:20:13,456
But what I now know

297
00:20:13,458 --> 00:20:16,370
is that we actually have
everything we need

298
00:20:16,375 --> 00:20:19,117
on both a large and small-scale

299
00:20:19,125 --> 00:20:22,117
to power us through
these disasters.

300
00:20:23,375 --> 00:20:25,115
And by building new grids,

301
00:20:25,125 --> 00:20:28,447
loads of people
will get loads of jobs.

302
00:20:29,625 --> 00:20:31,365
- Oh, that's good.
- Mmm.

303
00:20:33,083 --> 00:20:36,871
But what would be really great
during this transition, velvet,

304
00:20:36,875 --> 00:20:40,072
is if the people who work
in the fossil fuel industry

305
00:20:40,083 --> 00:20:44,452
are given support and funding
for retraining in new careers.

306
00:20:46,083 --> 00:20:49,575
Paid for by redirecting some of
the $10 million a minute

307
00:20:49,583 --> 00:20:53,747
governments currently spend
subsidising fossil fuels.

308
00:21:18,833 --> 00:21:21,620
What struck me
about the microgrids

309
00:21:21,625 --> 00:21:24,457
is that the profits from
the shared energy

310
00:21:24,458 --> 00:21:27,825
stay within the community
and empower individuals,

311
00:21:27,833 --> 00:21:30,996
rather than going to a big
energy company elsewhere.

312
00:21:32,833 --> 00:21:36,075
But it turns out microgrids
are currently illegal

313
00:21:36,083 --> 00:21:37,573
in some countries.

314
00:21:40,083 --> 00:21:42,745
If we recognised
that our well-being

315
00:21:42,750 --> 00:21:45,332
fundamentally depends
upon the stability

316
00:21:45,333 --> 00:21:47,244
and the thriving of this planet,

317
00:21:47,250 --> 00:21:48,740
we would put that at the heart

318
00:21:48,750 --> 00:21:50,240
of the economic system
we create.

319
00:21:52,125 --> 00:21:54,616
I met with
the economist Kate raworth

320
00:21:54,625 --> 00:21:56,331
in an appropriate location.

321
00:21:58,250 --> 00:22:00,741
Kate is proposing
a new economic framework

322
00:22:00,750 --> 00:22:03,082
designed for our current
predicament.

323
00:22:04,500 --> 00:22:07,617
Today's economy,
the returns of production

324
00:22:07,625 --> 00:22:11,206
are accruing to a 1%,
which leaves us with

325
00:22:11,208 --> 00:22:12,948
these extraordinary levels
of inequality.

326
00:22:12,958 --> 00:22:14,619
So we need to create an economy

327
00:22:14,625 --> 00:22:17,457
in which value created
is shared far more equitably

328
00:22:17,458 --> 00:22:19,244
with all those
who help create it.

329
00:22:19,250 --> 00:22:22,367
And daft though it sounds, I
think it looks like a doughnut.

330
00:22:22,375 --> 00:22:24,240
The kind with the hole
in the middle.

331
00:22:24,250 --> 00:22:27,083
So, in the hole in the middle
of that doughnut

332
00:22:28,625 --> 00:22:32,241
on life's essentials
- be it food,

333
00:22:32,250 --> 00:22:39,241
housing, education,
water, energy,

334
00:22:39,250 --> 00:22:42,083
and so we want to get everybody
in the world out of that hole.

335
00:22:44,250 --> 00:22:48,323
But we also can't go beyond
the doughnut's outer crust,

336
00:22:48,333 --> 00:22:50,324
because there we start to put
so much pressure

337
00:22:50,333 --> 00:22:51,823
on this extraordinary planet,

338
00:22:51,833 --> 00:22:53,573
causing climate breakdown...

339
00:22:55,250 --> 00:22:56,581
Biodiversity loss...

340
00:22:58,375 --> 00:22:59,615
Air-pollution...

341
00:23:01,083 --> 00:23:02,698
Too much land conversion.

342
00:23:03,625 --> 00:23:06,582
We kick out of kilter this
extraordinary living planet

343
00:23:06,583 --> 00:23:08,448
on which all of our well-being
depends.

344
00:23:11,750 --> 00:23:14,116
Last century's economists
didn't see this.

345
00:23:14,125 --> 00:23:16,867
No phase of humanity
has encountered this before.

346
00:23:16,875 --> 00:23:19,241
It's our generational challenge.

347
00:23:19,250 --> 00:23:20,865
We need new ideas to do this.

348
00:23:23,875 --> 00:23:27,572
The wonderful thing about
the microgrids

349
00:23:27,583 --> 00:23:30,871
is that they fit beautifully
within the doughnut framework.

350
00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:35,242
The solar energy helps restore
the outer boundaries

351
00:23:35,250 --> 00:23:36,740
like climate change...

352
00:23:37,833 --> 00:23:39,243
And air-pollution...

353
00:23:40,750 --> 00:23:42,456
But on the inner boundaries,

354
00:23:42,458 --> 00:23:45,370
more people are pulled
into the doughnut

355
00:23:45,375 --> 00:23:48,242
by improving health,
with less kerosene use...

356
00:23:49,583 --> 00:23:52,450
Education, by providing light
to study...

357
00:23:53,958 --> 00:23:55,243
Income equality,

358
00:23:55,250 --> 00:23:57,457
by keeping profits within
the local economy...

359
00:23:58,750 --> 00:24:00,115
And networks,

360
00:24:00,125 --> 00:24:03,197
because the microgrid now
interconnects households.

361
00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:22,618
I am going to invent a plane
and...

362
00:24:22,625 --> 00:24:24,616
You type in the coordinates
where...

363
00:24:24,625 --> 00:24:28,743
<i>What you want it... where you
want it to go and...</i>

364
00:24:28,750 --> 00:24:31,617
In a split second, you're there.

365
00:24:31,625 --> 00:24:34,332
I think electric cars
would help the environment

366
00:24:34,333 --> 00:24:36,619
because that causes
less pollution.

367
00:24:36,625 --> 00:24:41,369
And maybe, um, get electric
cars if they can, um,

368
00:24:41,375 --> 00:24:43,866
'cause that reduces,
like, fossil fuels

369
00:24:43,875 --> 00:24:45,866
and then that also stops
global warming.

370
00:24:45,875 --> 00:24:47,615
And instead of using cars,

371
00:24:47,625 --> 00:24:49,866
I would like to use
rocket boots to go around

372
00:24:49,875 --> 00:24:52,082
and they would be
powered by plants.

373
00:24:52,083 --> 00:24:54,870
<i>Oh, that would be so cool.
That would be awesome.</i>

374
00:24:54,875 --> 00:24:56,331
And rocket boots, I think,

375
00:24:56,333 --> 00:24:59,746
would really cool to see people
flying around the city in.

376
00:24:59,750 --> 00:25:01,832
And also I want it to go
worldwide

377
00:25:01,833 --> 00:25:03,869
and I want to try
and invent them.

378
00:25:11,500 --> 00:25:13,456
So, it's interesting

379
00:25:13,458 --> 00:25:15,494
being in some of these
big American cities,

380
00:25:15,500 --> 00:25:17,115
the traffic is just diabolical.

381
00:25:17,125 --> 00:25:18,956
And I can see that it...

382
00:25:18,958 --> 00:25:21,825
You know, I consider myself
quite a happy person, you know.

383
00:25:21,833 --> 00:25:23,744
I've got not a lot to
complain about.

384
00:25:24,875 --> 00:25:26,365
But I'm really...

385
00:25:27,833 --> 00:25:31,451
Feeling a bit antsy
in this traffic and, um...

386
00:25:31,458 --> 00:25:32,868
It kind of does that to you.

387
00:25:32,875 --> 00:25:35,867
And I think probably
a lot of people

388
00:25:35,875 --> 00:25:37,991
might not put that as a factor

389
00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:39,865
because they've got other
things going on in their life,

390
00:25:39,875 --> 00:25:41,365
but if you do have things
in your life

391
00:25:41,375 --> 00:25:42,865
that are bothering you,

392
00:25:42,875 --> 00:25:44,957
then you throw yourself
into this environment...

393
00:25:44,958 --> 00:25:46,619
Things can get a little tense.

394
00:25:46,625 --> 00:25:48,616
And I've been tempted to
jump on the horn

395
00:25:48,625 --> 00:25:50,365
and abuse couple of people.

396
00:25:58,375 --> 00:26:00,081
In the us right now,

397
00:26:00,083 --> 00:26:03,871
road vehicles contribute
to 20% of emissions.

398
00:26:06,750 --> 00:26:10,993
But our environment and sanity
will be severely tested

399
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:14,117
with predictions of an extra
one billion cars worldwide

400
00:26:14,125 --> 00:26:15,615
by 2040.

401
00:26:18,750 --> 00:26:20,706
j I can lock all my doors... j&

402
00:26:20,708 --> 00:26:24,747
a possible solution could be
replacing car ownership

403
00:26:24,750 --> 00:26:27,332
with on-demand
driverless vehicles.

404
00:26:30,875 --> 00:26:34,367
The same way that we
went from owning DVDs or cds

405
00:26:34,375 --> 00:26:35,956
or records or whatever,

406
00:26:35,958 --> 00:26:38,119
to having all of those
on demand -

407
00:26:38,125 --> 00:26:40,332
essentially Netflix and so on -

408
00:26:40,333 --> 00:26:43,996
the same thing is going to
happen with transportation.

409
00:26:46,250 --> 00:26:48,366
I wasn't sure I'd trust
a driverless car

410
00:26:48,375 --> 00:26:50,206
with my daughter,

411
00:26:50,208 --> 00:26:51,869
so I subjected this prototype

412
00:26:51,875 --> 00:26:54,366
to the surprise pedestrian test.

413
00:26:57,083 --> 00:26:58,948
Ah! Yes!

414
00:27:00,750 --> 00:27:02,957
Robots - 1, human - 0.

415
00:27:05,500 --> 00:27:08,116
The next test was
a little more challenging.

416
00:27:09,250 --> 00:27:10,615
Traffic.

417
00:27:11,875 --> 00:27:13,365
When I push this button,

418
00:27:13,375 --> 00:27:15,491
this car will be driving itself.

419
00:27:15,500 --> 00:27:17,365
And, um, wish me luck.

420
00:27:25,833 --> 00:27:27,118
Right.

421
00:27:29,875 --> 00:27:33,447
So, this is my first experience
in a driverless vehicle,

422
00:27:33,458 --> 00:27:34,823
and, uh...

423
00:27:36,458 --> 00:27:37,994
I'm a little bit nervous

424
00:27:38,000 --> 00:27:39,991
because that wheel
is turning by itself.

425
00:27:41,500 --> 00:27:43,456
Siri, please look after me.

426
00:27:44,833 --> 00:27:47,620
So, yeah, you can see
that's our car tracking there,

427
00:27:47,625 --> 00:27:50,492
and the little lidar,
the radar on top

428
00:27:50,500 --> 00:27:52,456
is reading out
all the information

429
00:27:52,458 --> 00:27:54,870
I think, about 50m ahead of us

430
00:27:54,875 --> 00:27:58,743
and scanning the area and
determining what's around us,

431
00:27:58,750 --> 00:28:01,241
what other obstacles,
what it should look out for -

432
00:28:01,250 --> 00:28:04,617
pedestrians, bike riders,
other cars.

433
00:28:04,625 --> 00:28:06,991
So it's constantly
ahead of us, predicting.

434
00:28:08,375 --> 00:28:10,491
Two things
are going to happen.

435
00:28:10,500 --> 00:28:13,367
We're all going to have
a massive fleet of cars

436
00:28:13,375 --> 00:28:16,367
that are going to pick you
up at home, take you to work,

437
00:28:16,375 --> 00:28:18,331
take you to the supermarket
and so on,

438
00:28:18,333 --> 00:28:19,869
and the other one -

439
00:28:19,875 --> 00:28:23,948
even if you already own a car
that you already paid off,

440
00:28:23,958 --> 00:28:27,621
it's going to be four times
more expensive

441
00:28:27,625 --> 00:28:29,866
just to own that car

442
00:28:29,875 --> 00:28:32,617
than it is to access
transportation as a service,

443
00:28:32,625 --> 00:28:34,490
so, autonomous
electric vehicles.

444
00:28:38,583 --> 00:28:41,746
I do like the freedom
of my own car,

445
00:28:41,750 --> 00:28:43,615
so the big question is

446
00:28:43,625 --> 00:28:45,866
are enough of us
willing to give that up

447
00:28:45,875 --> 00:28:48,332
and embrace shared
transportation?

448
00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:51,490
One of the interesting
challenges

449
00:28:51,500 --> 00:28:54,367
about a future of vehicles
that involves ridesharing,

450
00:28:54,375 --> 00:28:56,582
is that we have all these ideas
tied up with owning vehicles

451
00:28:56,583 --> 00:28:58,073
that have very little to do with

452
00:28:58,083 --> 00:28:59,493
getting us from
point a to point b,

453
00:28:59,500 --> 00:29:02,207
and all to do with what those
things said about us.

454
00:29:02,208 --> 00:29:04,995
So, you know, they became
symbols of independence

455
00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:06,365
and freedom.

456
00:29:06,375 --> 00:29:09,822
They became symbols of class
and wealth and capital.

457
00:29:09,833 --> 00:29:12,870
Now, the reality is, of course,
we haven't had cars forever.

458
00:29:12,875 --> 00:29:14,866
And the notion of cars
as status symbols

459
00:29:14,875 --> 00:29:16,365
and signals of independence -

460
00:29:16,375 --> 00:29:18,331
that's 60, 70 years old,
at most,

461
00:29:18,333 --> 00:29:20,119
and less than that
in most places.

462
00:29:20,125 --> 00:29:24,118
And so the idea that we
can uncouple those things

463
00:29:24,125 --> 00:29:25,365
isn't impossible.

464
00:29:25,375 --> 00:29:27,331
And frankly, they only ever got
coupled in the first place

465
00:29:27,333 --> 00:29:28,869
because of advertising.

466
00:29:31,625 --> 00:29:35,368
If we did embrace
on-demand transport,

467
00:29:35,375 --> 00:29:39,118
much like we now require
fewer cds or DVDs...

468
00:29:41,125 --> 00:29:43,241
We'd also require
fewer vehicles...

469
00:29:46,083 --> 00:29:48,369
And almost no parking space.

470
00:29:52,125 --> 00:29:56,494
Two thirds of la
is parking and roads.

471
00:29:57,583 --> 00:30:01,622
You could fit three cities
the size of San Francisco

472
00:30:01,625 --> 00:30:04,367
in the empty parking space

473
00:30:04,375 --> 00:30:08,243
left by the autonomous vehicle
disruption.

474
00:30:09,333 --> 00:30:12,450
And so, as a society,
we need to make decisions.

475
00:30:12,458 --> 00:30:14,744
What do we do
with all that parking space

476
00:30:14,750 --> 00:30:16,615
that's going to be vacant?

477
00:30:21,875 --> 00:30:25,242
So, here's what 2040 could
look like for my daughter

478
00:30:25,250 --> 00:30:28,083
without an extra billion cars.

479
00:30:36,583 --> 00:30:38,869
As you head off to your first
school dance, velvet...

480
00:30:38,875 --> 00:30:40,957
Family hug. Family hug.

481
00:30:40,958 --> 00:30:42,698
It will be nice
not having to worry

482
00:30:42,708 --> 00:30:44,448
about your date's
driving skills.

483
00:30:46,125 --> 00:30:50,994
<i>Look, dad! A ghost must be
driving! Spooky!</i>

484
00:30:55,125 --> 00:30:57,116
I imagine your date
to be very kind.

485
00:30:58,500 --> 00:31:00,081
And very impotent.

486
00:31:03,583 --> 00:31:05,574
All the cars that
your mum and I ever owned

487
00:31:05,583 --> 00:31:07,244
were stranded assets,

488
00:31:07,250 --> 00:31:11,368
meaning that 96% of the time
they were parked or unused.

489
00:31:11,375 --> 00:31:12,956
But now, in 2040,

490
00:31:12,958 --> 00:31:16,246
with driver costs gone
and the rideshare explosion,

491
00:31:16,250 --> 00:31:18,957
fewer people actually own cars.

492
00:31:18,958 --> 00:31:22,121
They get around in
luxurious pods like this

493
00:31:22,125 --> 00:31:23,990
for next to nothing.

494
00:31:25,458 --> 00:31:28,825
It's just inner cities that are
likely to be driverless only.

495
00:31:29,875 --> 00:31:31,866
And we could really
fatten the doughnut

496
00:31:31,875 --> 00:31:33,957
if vehicles were
community-owned.

497
00:31:39,250 --> 00:31:40,865
But I secretly hope, darling,

498
00:31:40,875 --> 00:31:43,742
that rocket boots girl
has achieved her ambition

499
00:31:43,750 --> 00:31:46,457
of worldwide domination.

500
00:31:46,458 --> 00:31:48,369
So, this is
a huge disruption

501
00:31:48,375 --> 00:31:51,082
of a massive part of
the labour force.

502
00:31:51,083 --> 00:31:54,246
Inevitably, there'll be
debates around this technology.

503
00:31:55,500 --> 00:31:58,332
But if enough of us
embrace ridesharing,

504
00:31:58,333 --> 00:32:02,872
we could reclaim our cities
for humans instead of vehicles,

505
00:32:02,875 --> 00:32:05,491
and generate
millions of new jobs.

506
00:32:22,958 --> 00:32:24,949
This is big vision.

507
00:32:24,958 --> 00:32:27,370
We just need to have
that vision now.

508
00:32:27,375 --> 00:32:29,616
A lot of people want to be
working on something

509
00:32:29,625 --> 00:32:31,616
that they can see is actually
helping to regenerate

510
00:32:31,625 --> 00:32:34,367
and innovatively
recreate the world.

511
00:32:38,250 --> 00:32:41,492
The extra space in our
cities could allow the building

512
00:32:41,500 --> 00:32:44,242
of more low-cost
sustainable homes.

513
00:32:47,625 --> 00:32:52,449
And we could see the growth
of remanufacturing industries,

514
00:32:52,458 --> 00:32:55,450
which might convert
existing vehicles to electric.

515
00:33:00,000 --> 00:33:03,117
But most exciting could be
the urban food farms

516
00:33:03,125 --> 00:33:05,241
that spring up
in empty parking lots.

517
00:33:08,125 --> 00:33:10,366
Or inside disused car parks.

518
00:33:12,708 --> 00:33:16,246
And imagine having fresh local
food growing on our rooftops.

519
00:33:19,500 --> 00:33:23,493
This would also contribute to
a much healthier environment.

520
00:33:25,375 --> 00:33:27,741
It's unbeatable to grow
food in your own backyard.

521
00:33:27,750 --> 00:33:29,240
It's unbeatable to grow food

522
00:33:29,250 --> 00:33:31,081
all through and around
your city.

523
00:33:31,083 --> 00:33:34,371
It's unbeatable to grow
food on your roof.

524
00:33:34,375 --> 00:33:39,449
Those are the absolute
gold standard of emissions.

525
00:33:43,125 --> 00:33:45,957
One day you will be
amazed by the distances

526
00:33:45,958 --> 00:33:47,869
some of our food travelled.

527
00:33:50,333 --> 00:33:52,198
Bring up data for 2016.

528
00:33:53,625 --> 00:33:58,073
In 2016, the us was importing
the same amount of beef

529
00:33:58,083 --> 00:33:59,698
as it was exporting.

530
00:34:05,375 --> 00:34:08,492
Fish caught in Norway was flown
to China for filleting.

531
00:34:10,583 --> 00:34:12,824
Then flown back to Norway
to be sold.

532
00:34:15,125 --> 00:34:16,740
What were you guys thinking?

533
00:34:17,750 --> 00:34:19,240
Well, sometimes we weren't.

534
00:34:20,333 --> 00:34:21,994
But how's this?

535
00:34:23,083 --> 00:34:25,620
If we electrify
our transport systems

536
00:34:25,625 --> 00:34:28,241
and frankly, make them
far more attractive...

537
00:34:29,500 --> 00:34:32,867
A lot more fossil fuels
will stay in the ground.

538
00:34:34,125 --> 00:34:35,615
If nobody's going to buy

539
00:34:35,625 --> 00:34:37,741
internal combustion engine
petrol cars,

540
00:34:37,750 --> 00:34:39,866
nobody's going to buy oil.

541
00:34:39,875 --> 00:34:44,744
What we see is that oil demand
is going to peak

542
00:34:44,750 --> 00:34:48,413
and it's going to
go down dramatically.

543
00:34:48,417 --> 00:34:50,157
And it's never coming back.

544
00:34:52,417 --> 00:34:55,864
This means areas like
the tar sands oil fields

545
00:34:55,875 --> 00:34:58,787
could be magnificently
transformed.

546
00:35:08,417 --> 00:35:11,659
If you do choose to
live in a city, velvet,

547
00:35:11,667 --> 00:35:13,282
I hope it's a bit like this.

548
00:35:16,875 --> 00:35:19,912
A city where
so many of the public parks,

549
00:35:19,917 --> 00:35:25,116
urban food projects
and cleaner transport networks,

550
00:35:25,125 --> 00:35:27,992
all contribute to
a healthier environment,

551
00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:30,412
while fostering a greater sense
of community..

552
00:35:32,042 --> 00:35:34,408
And a hell of a lot less
road rage.

553
00:35:43,625 --> 00:35:45,115
But the bonus

554
00:35:45,125 --> 00:35:48,288
is that you can now actually
hear birds singing

555
00:35:48,292 --> 00:35:49,998
in the middle of the city.

556
00:36:02,667 --> 00:36:05,534
As wonderful as
this future could be,

557
00:36:05,542 --> 00:36:08,909
I was pretty gobsmacked
to learn that vested interests

558
00:36:08,917 --> 00:36:11,909
now spend almost
$1 billion a year

559
00:36:11,917 --> 00:36:14,750
preventing us from actually
lowering our emissions.

560
00:36:18,417 --> 00:36:20,624
So, the fossil fuel industry

561
00:36:20,625 --> 00:36:22,411
have being doing
a magnificent job

562
00:36:22,417 --> 00:36:24,874
at copying the tobacco playbook

563
00:36:24,875 --> 00:36:28,288
in creating doubt and confusion
amongst the public.

564
00:36:28,292 --> 00:36:30,658
And I've been following
some of their key players,

565
00:36:30,667 --> 00:36:32,749
their sneaky players, online,

566
00:36:32,750 --> 00:36:34,286
just to try and learn
and understand

567
00:36:34,292 --> 00:36:35,782
some of the tactics.

568
00:36:35,792 --> 00:36:37,282
So, one of the things they do

569
00:36:37,292 --> 00:36:38,782
is that they create websites

570
00:36:38,792 --> 00:36:40,999
that sound and look
very Sincere,

571
00:36:41,000 --> 00:36:42,911
but are full of misinformation.

572
00:36:42,917 --> 00:36:46,489
You see here the innocent
hummingbird, the leaf.

573
00:36:46,500 --> 00:36:48,161
They'll also fund think tanks

574
00:36:48,167 --> 00:36:50,249
that come up with really clever
cultural memes

575
00:36:53,417 --> 00:36:55,533
and these are things like,
you know,

576
00:36:55,542 --> 00:36:57,248
"climate science isn't settled",

577
00:36:57,250 --> 00:36:59,411
which is ripped
straight from tobacco.

578
00:36:59,417 --> 00:37:00,907
Or "climate change
is a religion".

579
00:37:00,917 --> 00:37:02,657
<i>That's another one.
It's very evocative.</i>

580
00:37:02,667 --> 00:37:05,499
They'll also used fake bots
or algorithms

581
00:37:05,500 --> 00:37:08,037
that appear to be humans
on social media,

582
00:37:08,042 --> 00:37:09,998
and what this does
is creates a sense

583
00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:12,912
that they have more support
than they actually do.

584
00:37:12,917 --> 00:37:16,364
And this one's pretty key
because companies like exxon

585
00:37:16,375 --> 00:37:18,912
will often fund lots of
different organisations

586
00:37:18,917 --> 00:37:20,407
to make it look like

587
00:37:20,417 --> 00:37:22,282
there's this wide consensus
of climate denial,

588
00:37:22,292 --> 00:37:23,782
whereas in actual fact,

589
00:37:23,792 --> 00:37:25,748
all those different
organisations

590
00:37:25,750 --> 00:37:28,287
were funded by the same source.

591
00:37:31,917 --> 00:37:35,159
These tactics have focused
the conversation

592
00:37:35,167 --> 00:37:37,783
primarily on our emissions,

593
00:37:37,792 --> 00:37:41,410
while obscuring a crucial
component of our dilemma.

594
00:37:43,625 --> 00:37:46,287
If we ceased
all emissions today,

595
00:37:46,292 --> 00:37:48,157
if we cut emissions to zero,

596
00:37:48,167 --> 00:37:49,782
human emissions to zero,

597
00:37:49,792 --> 00:37:51,373
we would still be toast.

598
00:37:51,375 --> 00:37:53,741
We're still already over
a tipping point

599
00:37:53,750 --> 00:37:56,412
and on our way
to a point of no return.

600
00:37:56,417 --> 00:37:58,408
So we have to reduce
the emissions

601
00:37:58,417 --> 00:38:00,499
that we're producing today,

602
00:38:00,500 --> 00:38:03,162
and we also have to
sequester carbon

603
00:38:03,167 --> 00:38:05,999
and we have to remove excess
carbon from the atmosphere

604
00:38:06,000 --> 00:38:07,490
and store it.

605
00:38:12,917 --> 00:38:14,999
With an increased sense
of urgency,

606
00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:17,742
I met with Paul hawken,

607
00:38:17,750 --> 00:38:20,036
who thankfully
isn't afraid of heights.

608
00:38:21,667 --> 00:38:24,739
He's the founder of
project drawdown -

609
00:38:24,750 --> 00:38:28,789
the first comprehensive plan
to reverse global warming.

610
00:38:30,417 --> 00:38:34,365
If you look at the solutions
that we model in drawdown,

611
00:38:34,375 --> 00:38:36,866
they're virtually all
regenerative development.

612
00:38:36,875 --> 00:38:39,537
That is to say
the earth is better off,

613
00:38:39,542 --> 00:38:42,158
the people are better off,
the communities are better off,

614
00:38:42,167 --> 00:38:44,032
the creatures are better off,
the birds are better off.

615
00:38:44,042 --> 00:38:46,749
No matter what it is,
they're better off for it

616
00:38:46,750 --> 00:38:48,411
than had we not done it.

617
00:38:51,000 --> 00:38:54,868
Paul suggested I first explore
food and agriculture

618
00:38:54,875 --> 00:38:57,537
for drawdown opportunities.

619
00:38:57,542 --> 00:39:00,784
When you change agriculture
practices related to food,

620
00:39:00,792 --> 00:39:02,282
you can do two things.

621
00:39:02,292 --> 00:39:05,739
One is you stop emitting
carbon, co2,

622
00:39:05,750 --> 00:39:08,913
but you're also
sequestering carbon.

623
00:39:08,917 --> 00:39:11,283
<i>So it's one of those sectors...
Yeah!</i>

624
00:39:11,292 --> 00:39:13,499
That actually does both -
it's a twofer.

625
00:39:13,500 --> 00:39:15,491
<i>Which is... not only does it
stop putting it up,</i>

626
00:39:15,500 --> 00:39:16,990
but it actually brings it down.

627
00:39:17,000 --> 00:39:19,616
So you're flipping
a whole sector.

628
00:39:21,167 --> 00:39:24,534
Yeah, I think that people
should be eating

629
00:39:24,542 --> 00:39:27,659
more fruit and vegetable
and less sweet stuff

630
00:39:27,667 --> 00:39:31,910
and so that the sweet
stuff should be, um...

631
00:39:31,917 --> 00:39:34,408
Like, you should be rationed
on sweet stuff.

632
00:39:34,417 --> 00:39:35,907
When I grow up,

633
00:39:35,917 --> 00:39:39,785
I want it to be national
hot dog day every day.

634
00:39:39,792 --> 00:39:43,284
I want to see more trees

635
00:39:43,292 --> 00:39:48,616
and also want to see chocolate
raining from the clouds.

636
00:39:50,292 --> 00:39:52,408
Be more healthy.

637
00:39:52,417 --> 00:39:55,409
That's all I really have to
say about the food.

638
00:39:55,417 --> 00:39:58,784
Like, I wanted not so much
people eating meat

639
00:39:58,792 --> 00:40:00,407
because that's animals.

640
00:40:00,417 --> 00:40:01,907
But I do like bacon.

641
00:40:01,917 --> 00:40:03,373
Bacon's nice.

642
00:40:04,542 --> 00:40:06,032
But...

643
00:40:06,042 --> 00:40:09,739
It still, like, pigs
and I have a pig toy.

644
00:40:09,750 --> 00:40:12,913
And when I eat bacon,
I feel kind of sad.

645
00:40:24,750 --> 00:40:27,412
Soil's almost
an unknown universe

646
00:40:27,417 --> 00:40:31,285
in that there's
over 6 billion microorganisms

647
00:40:31,292 --> 00:40:33,123
of huge diversity

648
00:40:33,125 --> 00:40:36,413
in a small spoonful of soil,
of healthy soil.

649
00:40:36,417 --> 00:40:38,533
Which is really quite amazing.

650
00:40:38,542 --> 00:40:40,908
Don't know who counted them,
but someone did.

651
00:40:40,917 --> 00:40:43,408
It's a tough job. Yeah.

652
00:40:47,667 --> 00:40:52,991
I was in regional Victoria
in Australia to meet col seis,

653
00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:55,412
a champion of
regenerative agriculture.

654
00:40:57,042 --> 00:40:59,909
In 1979, we had a major
bushfire at home.

655
00:40:59,917 --> 00:41:02,033
Like... a wildfire.

656
00:41:02,042 --> 00:41:04,658
And lost virtually
all of our sheep,

657
00:41:04,667 --> 00:41:06,783
which were 3,000 merino sheep.

658
00:41:06,792 --> 00:41:11,411
I went from going ok
to being broke overnight.

659
00:41:11,417 --> 00:41:12,907
So I had to work out
a way of doing it

660
00:41:12,917 --> 00:41:14,407
without spending any money.

661
00:41:14,417 --> 00:41:17,284
And I developed
a different way of farming,

662
00:41:17,292 --> 00:41:21,409
totally different,
through 1980s and 1990s,

663
00:41:21,417 --> 00:41:24,159
which turned out to
regenerate the land.

664
00:41:24,167 --> 00:41:26,499
Using a lot less
chemicals and inputs

665
00:41:26,500 --> 00:41:28,161
than is traditionally used.

666
00:41:28,167 --> 00:41:29,998
<i>That's right.
And since I changed -</i>

667
00:41:30,000 --> 00:41:31,410
I actually did the figures
on it -

668
00:41:31,417 --> 00:41:35,865
I've saved over $2 million,
since I changed.

669
00:41:35,875 --> 00:41:37,615
I don't go where
the $2 million went.

670
00:41:42,417 --> 00:41:45,374
Col helps farmers around
the world use plants

671
00:41:45,375 --> 00:41:47,661
to pull carbon from
the atmosphere

672
00:41:47,667 --> 00:41:49,157
and put it into their soil...

673
00:41:50,792 --> 00:41:53,124
Because our constant
ploughing of the soil

674
00:41:53,125 --> 00:41:55,366
has released billions of
tonnes of the stuff.

675
00:41:57,417 --> 00:42:00,784
Over the last
10,000 years of agriculture,

676
00:42:00,792 --> 00:42:02,373
the degradation of soils

677
00:42:02,375 --> 00:42:06,368
has been one of the leading
causes of climate change.

678
00:42:06,375 --> 00:42:08,411
It's actually, as of right now,

679
00:42:08,417 --> 00:42:10,373
a larger cause of climate change

680
00:42:10,375 --> 00:42:12,286
than burning fossil fuels.

681
00:42:16,792 --> 00:42:20,159
I asked col to strike
a farming calendar pose

682
00:42:20,167 --> 00:42:22,374
to explain how he brings
the carbon back home.

683
00:42:25,417 --> 00:42:28,784
Plants use carbon dioxide
and energy from the sun

684
00:42:28,792 --> 00:42:30,623
to create simple sugars.

685
00:42:32,417 --> 00:42:34,999
The plant uses
some of these sugars to grow.

686
00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:37,912
The rest is pumped into
the soil, through the roots.

687
00:42:39,042 --> 00:42:41,624
These sugars feed soil microbes,

688
00:42:41,625 --> 00:42:43,741
which interact with the plant

689
00:42:43,750 --> 00:42:46,742
and the carbon dioxide
taken from the atmosphere

690
00:42:46,750 --> 00:42:49,617
is sequestered into the soil
as carbon.

691
00:42:56,792 --> 00:42:58,282
- G'day!
- Fraser.

692
00:42:58,292 --> 00:42:59,782
- Hey, Damon.
- Nice to meet you, mate.

693
00:42:59,792 --> 00:43:01,282
- You too.
- How you going?

694
00:43:01,292 --> 00:43:03,499
- Very well. G'day. Col.
- G'day.

695
00:43:06,042 --> 00:43:08,374
We went to
take the kids fishing

696
00:43:08,375 --> 00:43:11,492
and we had to go and find worms
on the farm

697
00:43:11,500 --> 00:43:14,992
and Fraser was just going from
paddock to paddock

698
00:43:15,000 --> 00:43:16,536
trying to find worms.

699
00:43:16,542 --> 00:43:18,282
- There wasn't any.
- There was none.

700
00:43:18,292 --> 00:43:19,782
And it ended up...

701
00:43:19,792 --> 00:43:21,657
This fun experience
ended up being not so fun

702
00:43:21,667 --> 00:43:23,157
because there was
so much frustration

703
00:43:23,167 --> 00:43:25,874
about how come there weren't
any worms and...

704
00:43:25,875 --> 00:43:27,615
'Cause healthy soil has worms.

705
00:43:29,375 --> 00:43:31,616
We had everything
going for our farm

706
00:43:31,625 --> 00:43:34,037
and I didn't feel that
it was getting the yields

707
00:43:34,042 --> 00:43:35,748
and getting the results that,
you know,

708
00:43:35,750 --> 00:43:37,411
I thought were going
to be there.

709
00:43:37,417 --> 00:43:40,784
And I tried just throwing
more fertiliser at it

710
00:43:40,792 --> 00:43:42,373
and that didn't seem to work.

711
00:43:42,375 --> 00:43:44,036
And so I just had
all these questions

712
00:43:44,042 --> 00:43:47,910
around what we were doing
and why we were doing it.

713
00:43:50,625 --> 00:43:52,365
So, what's going on here,
fellas?

714
00:43:52,375 --> 00:43:55,867
So, this is what we call
a chemical summer fallow.

715
00:43:55,875 --> 00:43:56,910
Yep.

716
00:43:56,917 --> 00:43:58,407
Where we control
the weeds

717
00:43:58,417 --> 00:43:59,873
with a chemical over summer.

718
00:43:59,875 --> 00:44:01,365
So, how does that
affect the soil,

719
00:44:01,375 --> 00:44:03,286
like, in terms of the...

720
00:44:03,292 --> 00:44:05,032
This form of agriculture

721
00:44:05,042 --> 00:44:07,499
really kills
the whole soil ecosystem.

722
00:44:09,667 --> 00:44:11,908
So, what are we
looking at there, col?

723
00:44:11,917 --> 00:44:15,114
That hard compaction,
poor-structured soil

724
00:44:15,125 --> 00:44:17,912
is really not good
in agriculture.

725
00:44:17,917 --> 00:44:20,249
Like, if you think about a plant

726
00:44:20,250 --> 00:44:23,788
trying to get through that,
it's almost impossible. Um...

727
00:44:23,792 --> 00:44:26,624
The other thing too,
water can't get in there.

728
00:44:26,625 --> 00:44:28,911
To counteract
these problems,

729
00:44:28,917 --> 00:44:32,910
col's simple advice to Fraser
was to start planting.

730
00:44:35,417 --> 00:44:36,907
Ok, so what we've done here

731
00:44:36,917 --> 00:44:39,533
is planted a mix of
different species.

732
00:44:39,542 --> 00:44:41,032
About 80 in total.

733
00:44:42,125 --> 00:44:45,288
They all play a role
in the soil health,

734
00:44:45,292 --> 00:44:47,032
with their different roots

735
00:44:47,042 --> 00:44:49,499
and their different
root exudates.

736
00:44:49,500 --> 00:44:54,415
So we've got the sunflower here
and the sorghum.

737
00:44:54,417 --> 00:44:57,033
- Um, millet.
- Yeah, right.

738
00:44:57,042 --> 00:44:58,407
Down here.

739
00:44:58,417 --> 00:45:00,749
And all these together
means with that variety,

740
00:45:00,750 --> 00:45:02,240
it's making the soil...

741
00:45:02,250 --> 00:45:03,740
It's pulling the carbon
into the soil

742
00:45:03,750 --> 00:45:04,990
and making it healthier.

743
00:45:05,000 --> 00:45:06,661
That's right. Yeah. Exactly.

744
00:45:06,667 --> 00:45:08,532
- Go, nature!
- Yeah.

745
00:45:19,750 --> 00:45:23,288
If we go back even
a few thousand years,

746
00:45:23,292 --> 00:45:24,998
all of the grasslands
in the world

747
00:45:25,000 --> 00:45:28,538
were dominated by large mobs of
grazing animals.

748
00:45:31,042 --> 00:45:36,241
And also, they were kept moving
all the time by predators.

749
00:45:36,250 --> 00:45:38,036
So the animals -
in this case, cattle -

750
00:45:38,042 --> 00:45:40,499
are never kept on
the same area at one time.

751
00:45:42,667 --> 00:45:45,283
By letting the cattle
run amok in the crops,

752
00:45:45,292 --> 00:45:47,248
good things happen.

753
00:45:48,292 --> 00:45:51,159
They flatten the field,

754
00:45:51,167 --> 00:45:54,239
they create a utopia
for the local insects

755
00:45:54,250 --> 00:45:56,411
which becomes
a natural fertiliser,

756
00:45:56,417 --> 00:46:01,286
and crucially, they are fed
as nature intended.

757
00:46:04,417 --> 00:46:06,032
Over the last
50 or 60 years,

758
00:46:06,042 --> 00:46:09,409
we've removed animals
like cattle and sheep

759
00:46:09,417 --> 00:46:11,408
from eating their natural food

760
00:46:11,417 --> 00:46:14,124
and put them in feedlots,
eating grain.

761
00:46:14,125 --> 00:46:15,535
And we should
never have done that

762
00:46:15,542 --> 00:46:17,624
because they have never
evolved to eat grain.

763
00:46:19,042 --> 00:46:21,909
So what happens is that
the cattle are basically sick.

764
00:46:23,000 --> 00:46:26,367
And we are finding out now
that the meat from feedlots

765
00:46:26,375 --> 00:46:27,911
is not healthy for us.

766
00:46:27,917 --> 00:46:30,283
It's certainly not healthy
for the animals.

767
00:46:30,292 --> 00:46:33,284
And it's something that
we should never have done.

768
00:46:36,667 --> 00:46:38,749
Any discussion
around livestock

769
00:46:38,750 --> 00:46:41,162
has to include methane,

770
00:46:41,167 --> 00:46:44,409
which is another damaging
greenhouse gas,

771
00:46:44,417 --> 00:46:47,614
quite rudely burped out
by the cows.

772
00:46:53,917 --> 00:46:57,284
While some livestock practices
offset that damage,

773
00:46:57,292 --> 00:47:00,124
the bad news for the hot dog kid

774
00:47:00,125 --> 00:47:03,162
is that we need to embrace
a more plant-rich diet.

775
00:47:04,625 --> 00:47:06,035
And the meat we do eat

776
00:47:06,042 --> 00:47:08,909
should ideally come from
regenerative practices

777
00:47:08,917 --> 00:47:10,407
like Fraser's.

778
00:47:11,792 --> 00:47:14,249
Plant-rich diet means that
we actually reduce

779
00:47:14,250 --> 00:47:18,744
the amount of protein that
we eat in wealthier nations,

780
00:47:18,750 --> 00:47:20,286
because it's too high.

781
00:47:20,292 --> 00:47:22,658
It's 100-110g per day.

782
00:47:22,667 --> 00:47:26,740
What we model is
decreasing that to 50-60 g.

783
00:47:28,000 --> 00:47:30,241
The fact is, some people
want to eat meat.

784
00:47:30,250 --> 00:47:33,037
What meat they eat
is critically important.

785
00:47:33,042 --> 00:47:35,749
How it's produced,
how it relates to the land

786
00:47:35,750 --> 00:47:37,911
are very, very important.

787
00:47:45,417 --> 00:47:49,160
But as our climate becomes
increasingly volatile,

788
00:47:49,167 --> 00:47:52,614
this type of farming has
one more crucial advantage.

789
00:47:54,375 --> 00:47:58,994
For every 1% increase in carbon
to 30cm,

790
00:47:59,000 --> 00:48:02,413
we increase the water holding
capacity of soil

791
00:48:02,417 --> 00:48:05,614
by 166,000 litres per hectare.

792
00:48:05,625 --> 00:48:07,035
On every rainfall event.

793
00:48:10,417 --> 00:48:12,908
When it rains,
the soil on the left,

794
00:48:12,917 --> 00:48:15,784
with more carbon
and organic matter,

795
00:48:15,792 --> 00:48:19,034
absorbs the water
and less runs off the top.

796
00:48:20,792 --> 00:48:23,283
Whereas the chemical-ridden
soil on the right

797
00:48:23,292 --> 00:48:28,286
absorbs almost no water,
and allows it to run off,

798
00:48:28,292 --> 00:48:30,283
taking the chemicals with it

799
00:48:30,292 --> 00:48:32,658
into nearby rivers
and waterways.

800
00:48:35,500 --> 00:48:37,286
That's the way we can
buffer against droughts

801
00:48:37,292 --> 00:48:38,782
and dry seasons.

802
00:48:38,792 --> 00:48:40,282
Grasslands,
all around the world,

803
00:48:40,292 --> 00:48:42,999
they virtually had a built-in
irrigation system.

804
00:48:44,417 --> 00:48:47,033
Really can see
the aggregation that's going on

805
00:48:47,042 --> 00:48:48,532
from all these roots

806
00:48:48,542 --> 00:48:50,783
of all the different plants
we've been growing in here.

807
00:48:50,792 --> 00:48:52,874
So what we've got going here
with this clod

808
00:48:52,875 --> 00:48:55,036
is basically a dry paddock

809
00:48:55,042 --> 00:48:58,785
with, um, not much growing
in it, apart from a few weeds.

810
00:48:58,792 --> 00:49:00,498
And here, three months ago,

811
00:49:00,500 --> 00:49:05,244
we planted the multi-species
grazing crop, yeah.

812
00:49:06,417 --> 00:49:08,499
So that's in three
months that's happened?

813
00:49:08,500 --> 00:49:10,661
<i>That's in three-months.
It's incredible, isn't it?</i>

814
00:49:10,667 --> 00:49:13,659
That kind of represents big ag,

815
00:49:13,667 --> 00:49:16,158
and this represents
mother nature.

816
00:49:16,167 --> 00:49:18,533
And it's pretty obvious
who I'd rather

817
00:49:18,542 --> 00:49:20,658
get my source of vegetables
from.

818
00:49:20,667 --> 00:49:23,909
Well, when we talk
about trying to work out

819
00:49:23,917 --> 00:49:26,784
some of the global problems
and trying to do it quickly,

820
00:49:26,792 --> 00:49:29,499
well, you can really see the
speed that it can happen here.

821
00:49:29,500 --> 00:49:30,910
I mean, look at all these roots.

822
00:49:30,917 --> 00:49:33,374
Like, that's all carbon pumped,
isn't it?

823
00:49:33,375 --> 00:49:37,163
<i>It is. It really shows that
plants, plants and more plants.</i>

824
00:49:37,167 --> 00:49:40,034
In other words,
plant diversity, um,

825
00:49:40,042 --> 00:49:41,907
plus grazing animals

826
00:49:41,917 --> 00:49:44,408
will create that
and fix our problems.

827
00:49:46,292 --> 00:49:50,160
People ask me, "well,
what can we say to farmers?"

828
00:49:50,167 --> 00:49:52,783
And the answer is,
"we can't do without you."

829
00:49:52,792 --> 00:49:55,624
We can't mitigate climate
change without agriculture,

830
00:49:55,625 --> 00:49:57,536
so we have to find ways,

831
00:50:01,042 --> 00:50:02,998
instead of part of the problem.

832
00:50:06,042 --> 00:50:07,998
Fraser will now
let his multi-species crop

833
00:50:08,000 --> 00:50:09,661
break down.

834
00:50:11,667 --> 00:50:14,158
He can then plant
his commercial crops here

835
00:50:14,167 --> 00:50:17,159
without having to break
the soil and release carbon.

836
00:50:18,917 --> 00:50:21,158
But perhaps most importantly,

837
00:50:21,167 --> 00:50:23,533
he can now
take the kids fishing.

838
00:50:34,917 --> 00:50:37,784
So, I just bake it for
20 to 30 minutes?

839
00:50:37,792 --> 00:50:39,748
Yes, that's it. You've got it.

840
00:50:39,750 --> 00:50:41,240
And then, once it's done,

841
00:50:41,250 --> 00:50:43,366
you just sprinkle the Greens
on the top and that's it.

842
00:50:43,375 --> 00:50:44,615
Beautiful.

843
00:50:44,625 --> 00:50:46,911
- Thanks, nan. Love you.
- Ok. Bye, darl.

844
00:50:46,917 --> 00:50:48,282
Bye!

845
00:50:48,292 --> 00:50:51,124
By 2040, my hope, velvet,

846
00:50:51,125 --> 00:50:53,411
is that more people
will have an understanding

847
00:50:53,417 --> 00:50:56,784
of how the foods they eat
impact our environment.

848
00:50:59,125 --> 00:51:01,116
If this transpires,

849
00:51:01,125 --> 00:51:03,787
your generation are likely
to eat a lot less meat

850
00:51:03,792 --> 00:51:05,282
than mine did.

851
00:51:08,250 --> 00:51:10,036
There's no doubt
we'll continue our obsession

852
00:51:10,042 --> 00:51:11,407
with fad diets.

853
00:51:11,417 --> 00:51:14,159
We find it's the flavour-free
diet that's the way to go

854
00:51:14,167 --> 00:51:15,623
because let's face it -

855
00:51:15,625 --> 00:51:17,115
it's the flavour
that gets us into trouble.

856
00:51:17,125 --> 00:51:18,911
Isn't that right?

857
00:51:18,917 --> 00:51:20,908
I'll just love
tending our garden.

858
00:51:21,917 --> 00:51:23,407
From an app.

859
00:51:24,917 --> 00:51:27,499
And your mum and I will
completely understand

860
00:51:27,500 --> 00:51:29,786
when you start avoiding
dinner at our house.

861
00:51:35,042 --> 00:51:37,283
With less global
consumption of meat,

862
00:51:37,292 --> 00:51:40,284
aided by some pretty convincing
substitutes...

863
00:51:43,250 --> 00:51:45,992
We could see many feedlots
close down.

864
00:51:48,542 --> 00:51:51,158
And animals returned to the land

865
00:51:51,167 --> 00:51:53,158
for use in regenerative farming.

866
00:51:58,042 --> 00:52:00,283
But just imagine
what we could do

867
00:52:02,917 --> 00:52:06,159
that is currently being used
to grow food for animals.

868
00:52:10,500 --> 00:52:12,286
This land could transition

869
00:52:12,292 --> 00:52:15,249
to a range of
regenerative practices

870
00:52:15,250 --> 00:52:19,664
that drawdown vast amounts
of carbon into the soil,

871
00:52:19,667 --> 00:52:22,158
while retaining precious water

872
00:52:22,167 --> 00:52:24,658
and producing
nutrient-dense food.

873
00:52:30,125 --> 00:52:35,119
Instead of soy or grains, we
could feed the animals grass,

874
00:52:35,125 --> 00:52:38,913
crop residue, or food waste.

875
00:52:39,917 --> 00:52:42,408
This would improve
the health of the animals,

876
00:52:42,417 --> 00:52:45,784
the people who choose to
eat them

877
00:52:45,792 --> 00:52:47,657
and our environment.

878
00:52:54,000 --> 00:52:56,742
The steep croplands
around the world, darling,

879
00:52:56,750 --> 00:52:58,615
could be used to grow foods

880
00:52:58,625 --> 00:53:01,367
that also draw down huge
amounts of carbon.

881
00:53:03,500 --> 00:53:06,913
A practice called agroforestry
does this

882
00:53:06,917 --> 00:53:09,784
by simultaneously growing foods
like pawpaw,

883
00:53:09,792 --> 00:53:14,286
bananas, coffee, avocados
or vegetables,

884
00:53:14,292 --> 00:53:17,784
but crucially,
on small parcels of land.

885
00:53:20,417 --> 00:53:23,784
With highly diversified
local food systems,

886
00:53:23,792 --> 00:53:28,991
you have a way of really
dramatically decreasing

887
00:53:29,000 --> 00:53:33,790
the scale of land, water,
energy needed,

888
00:53:33,792 --> 00:53:35,748
and massively increasing

889
00:53:35,750 --> 00:53:37,661
how much you can get
from that land.

890
00:53:44,667 --> 00:53:47,158
Industrial ag says,
"without us, you're not...

891
00:53:47,167 --> 00:53:48,907
<i>"You're going to starve.
You're not going to eat.”</i>

892
00:53:48,917 --> 00:53:51,784
Well, actually between 70% and
80% of the food in the world

893
00:53:51,792 --> 00:53:53,657
is created by small holders.

894
00:53:57,792 --> 00:54:02,365
Industrial ag provides
20% of the food in the world.

895
00:54:02,375 --> 00:54:06,539
Most of that is corn
and soy fed to animals.

896
00:54:06,542 --> 00:54:09,409
A lot of that is sugar,
which we don't need.

897
00:54:10,667 --> 00:54:14,034
So the idea that big ag
is going to save us,

898
00:54:14,042 --> 00:54:16,784
or without which we cannot exist

899
00:54:16,792 --> 00:54:18,532
is absolutely upside down
and backwards,

900
00:54:18,542 --> 00:54:20,282
because they produce sickness,

901
00:54:20,292 --> 00:54:22,658
they produce obesity,
they produce diabetes.

902
00:54:22,667 --> 00:54:24,282
That's what big ag is producing.

903
00:54:27,417 --> 00:54:28,998
I hope one day, velvet,

904
00:54:29,000 --> 00:54:32,413
you get to read the story of
how we reached this future.

905
00:54:35,625 --> 00:54:37,616
It's about how those
who polluted our air

906
00:54:37,625 --> 00:54:41,161
with excess carbon
had to pay a penalty.

907
00:54:42,750 --> 00:54:44,240
And the money raised

908
00:54:44,250 --> 00:54:47,037
paid farmers to clean our air

909
00:54:47,042 --> 00:54:48,657
by putting it back
into the soil.

910
00:54:52,375 --> 00:54:54,161
This helped restore
the climate...

911
00:54:55,917 --> 00:54:57,623
Biodiversity loss...

912
00:54:58,917 --> 00:55:00,407
And land conversion...

913
00:55:01,417 --> 00:55:03,874
While pulling more people
into the doughnut

914
00:55:03,875 --> 00:55:06,787
by saving precious water,

915
00:55:06,792 --> 00:55:09,909
improving the quality
of our food,

916
00:55:09,917 --> 00:55:13,114
and in turn
improving our health.

917
00:55:26,417 --> 00:55:27,998
It's interesting,
making this film,

918
00:55:28,000 --> 00:55:29,911
the more that
I'm learning about...

919
00:55:31,417 --> 00:55:34,659
You realise how hard it is
to actually do the right thing.

920
00:55:34,667 --> 00:55:38,615
And in a sense, it's tempting
to kind of just shut down

921
00:55:38,625 --> 00:55:40,115
and switch off

922
00:55:40,125 --> 00:55:42,411
because, I mean, here I am
sitting on an aeroplane

923
00:55:42,417 --> 00:55:45,659
that is spewing out
half a tonne of carbon,

924
00:55:45,667 --> 00:55:47,282
making this film,

925
00:55:47,292 --> 00:55:49,157
or getting water in this cup

926
00:55:49,167 --> 00:55:50,907
that's probably going to go
straight into the ocean

927
00:55:50,917 --> 00:55:52,623
and hurt a baby turtle,

928
00:55:52,625 --> 00:55:54,616
and I don't want to know that.

929
00:55:54,625 --> 00:55:56,115
And most people don't want to
know about that,

930
00:55:56,125 --> 00:55:57,615
so they switch off.

931
00:55:57,625 --> 00:56:01,288
And you can't help but be
a hypocrite at the moment

932
00:56:01,292 --> 00:56:05,285
because our entire system is
built on and by fossil fuels.

933
00:56:06,375 --> 00:56:07,865
Fossil fuels have done us
really well

934
00:56:07,875 --> 00:56:09,240
to get to this point.

935
00:56:09,250 --> 00:56:10,740
There's some great
things in the world.

936
00:56:10,750 --> 00:56:12,240
But we can't keep doing
what we're doing.

937
00:56:12,250 --> 00:56:13,615
It's actually impossible

938
00:56:13,625 --> 00:56:15,741
to maintain the resources
we're using.

939
00:56:15,750 --> 00:56:17,741
So we're going to
have to transition,

940
00:56:17,750 --> 00:56:19,240
and it's going to be
a little bit awkward,

941
00:56:19,250 --> 00:56:21,241
if we're going to give
our kids a better future.

942
00:56:37,417 --> 00:56:39,282
j to the place on the map

943
00:56:39,292 --> 00:56:42,659
j from which no-one
has ever returned... j

944
00:56:43,917 --> 00:56:46,249
While storing carbon
in our soil

945
00:56:46,250 --> 00:56:49,663
will go a long way
to solving our problem,

946
00:56:49,667 --> 00:56:53,239
there is a limit to how much
carbon soil can hold.

947
00:56:54,375 --> 00:56:57,242
So we're going to need another
leg-up from mother nature.

948
00:56:59,500 --> 00:57:01,912
Make sure coral looks ok

949
00:57:01,917 --> 00:57:04,909
'cause it normally looks like
a rainbow in the sea

950
00:57:04,917 --> 00:57:07,374
with all the fishes,

951
00:57:07,375 --> 00:57:09,616
but sometimes if you litter,

952
00:57:09,625 --> 00:57:12,367
it looks a bit not good.

953
00:57:12,375 --> 00:57:17,415
<i>It looks like... a big, big
mess.</i>

954
00:57:18,625 --> 00:57:20,911
At the beach,
it would just not be the same

955
00:57:20,917 --> 00:57:22,908
if you can't swim in the water.

956
00:57:22,917 --> 00:57:25,909
And also all the really amazing
marine animals

957
00:57:25,917 --> 00:57:28,784
like vaquita, whales, sea fish -

958
00:57:28,792 --> 00:57:31,909
if they were all gone, then
it just wouldn't be the same,

959
00:57:31,917 --> 00:57:33,157
the world.

960
00:57:33,167 --> 00:57:36,739
I want the oceans to be cleaner.

961
00:57:40,167 --> 00:57:41,657
One of the coming
attractions

962
00:57:41,667 --> 00:57:43,908
that I think is gonna to have
the biggest impact

963
00:57:43,917 --> 00:57:47,660
is what is called
marine permaculture.

964
00:57:47,667 --> 00:57:50,124
It's just another way of
farming in the ocean,

965
00:57:50,125 --> 00:57:52,616
but this is a more wild farming

966
00:57:52,625 --> 00:57:54,786
because it actually
sets up the context

967
00:57:54,792 --> 00:57:57,750
for the oceans to
regenerate themselves.

968
00:58:07,292 --> 00:58:09,999
Dr Brian Von herzen,
a physicist,

969
00:58:10,000 --> 00:58:11,490
used to fly to Europe every year

970
00:58:11,500 --> 00:58:15,243
and he saw how quickly the
Greenland ice sheet was melting

971
00:58:15,250 --> 00:58:17,912
and decided to change
his whole life in 2006

972
00:58:17,917 --> 00:58:19,407
to restoring living systems,

973
00:58:19,417 --> 00:58:20,907
and focused on the ocean.

974
00:58:25,167 --> 00:58:27,533
Brian told me
to pack a lunch...

975
00:58:27,542 --> 00:58:29,498
And a sick bag,

976
00:58:29,500 --> 00:58:32,037
as we were spending the day
out at sea.

977
00:58:38,625 --> 00:58:40,536
With 93% of global warming

978
00:58:40,542 --> 00:58:42,533
going into the ocean today
each year,

979
00:58:42,542 --> 00:58:45,499
the problem is that
the waters are getting too warm

980
00:58:45,500 --> 00:58:47,912
and without enough
overturning circulation,

981
00:58:47,917 --> 00:58:49,498
and there aren't enough
nutrients,

982
00:58:49,500 --> 00:58:52,412
and the result is
we lose the life in the ocean.

983
00:58:54,125 --> 00:58:56,912
Understandably,
there has been reluctance

984
00:58:56,917 --> 00:58:58,657
to meddle with our oceans.

985
00:58:59,917 --> 00:59:01,657
But the fact that they
are getting warmer,

986
00:59:01,667 --> 00:59:03,749
becoming acidic,

987
00:59:03,750 --> 00:59:07,288
and many fish species are now
in danger of collapse...

988
00:59:09,125 --> 00:59:11,286
Means that they
actually need our help.

989
00:59:14,417 --> 00:59:17,033
Brian's solution is seaweed.

990
00:59:18,917 --> 00:59:21,408
So what we do
with marine permaculture

991
00:59:21,417 --> 00:59:24,614
is we restore
overturning circulation.

992
00:59:24,625 --> 00:59:27,742
It's as if your leg was asleep
and you lost circulation.

993
00:59:27,750 --> 00:59:29,411
We have to do that
with the ocean.

994
00:59:29,417 --> 00:59:31,908
We've gotta get that
overturning circulation

995
00:59:31,917 --> 00:59:32,906
going again

996
00:59:32,917 --> 00:59:35,874
to bring the cool waters up
with the higher nutrient levels

997
00:59:35,875 --> 00:59:39,163
that can actually restore
conditions for the seaweeds.

998
00:59:40,917 --> 00:59:42,908
Between Australia
and the United States,

999
00:59:42,917 --> 00:59:46,535
<i>there's 100,000,000 km?
Of ocean desert</i>

1000
00:59:46,542 --> 00:59:49,409
that is amenable to
marine permaculture.

1001
00:59:50,500 --> 00:59:53,788
We can actually restore life
in subtropical oceans,

1002
00:59:53,792 --> 00:59:57,785
restore the fish habitat that's
needed to restore fisheries.

1003
01:00:00,000 --> 01:00:03,618
Marine permaculture
is a regenerative technology

1004
01:00:03,625 --> 01:00:05,115
that works like this.

1005
01:00:06,375 --> 01:00:08,991
A frame made of
recycled material

1006
01:00:09,000 --> 01:00:11,992
becomes a platform for
the seaweed to grow on.

1007
01:00:12,000 --> 01:00:14,241
It sits just below the surface

1008
01:00:14,250 --> 01:00:17,742
and sinks lower as the
seaweed grows and gets heavier.

1009
01:00:20,125 --> 01:00:23,663
A pump powered simply by
the rise and fall of the ocean,

1010
01:00:23,667 --> 01:00:26,784
brings the cold, nutrient-laden
waters from below

1011
01:00:26,792 --> 01:00:29,374
and disperses them
over the seaweed

1012
01:00:29,375 --> 01:00:31,536
in the upper warmer layer.

1013
01:00:31,542 --> 01:00:33,908
The seaweed can be
regularly harvested

1014
01:00:33,917 --> 01:00:35,999
and used for a range
of purposes.

1015
01:00:37,375 --> 01:00:41,288
Seaweed is good for food,
animal feed, fertiliser,

1016
01:00:41,292 --> 01:00:42,873
fibre and biofuel.

1017
01:00:42,875 --> 01:00:44,911
There's so much we can do
with seaweeds.

1018
01:00:52,542 --> 01:00:58,162
So, we're cruising along in
this very low-carbon vessel,

1019
01:00:58,167 --> 01:00:59,907
following Brian,

1020
01:00:59,917 --> 01:01:02,408
who's swum down
to get the seaweed

1021
01:01:02,417 --> 01:01:04,783
in one of his testing sites
here.

1022
01:01:09,667 --> 01:01:11,248
Except he's gone,

1023
01:01:11,250 --> 01:01:14,492
and he's been underwater for
about two minutes and, um...

1024
01:01:14,500 --> 01:01:15,785
Brian!

1025
01:01:17,792 --> 01:01:19,657
Brian?!

1026
01:01:19,667 --> 01:01:21,498
- I found it.
- You found it.

1027
01:01:21,500 --> 01:01:23,365
- Yeah.
- Alright, we'll come to you.

1028
01:01:25,042 --> 01:01:26,532
The permaculture tests

1029
01:01:26,542 --> 01:01:30,034
that Brian and his team have
conducted in the south pacific

1030
01:01:30,042 --> 01:01:32,624
have seen marine life return,

1031
01:01:32,625 --> 01:01:36,368
and the seaweed transform the
quality of the water itself.

1032
01:01:39,500 --> 01:01:41,786
Seaweeds actually
draw down

1033
01:01:41,792 --> 01:01:44,499
carbon dioxide
from the ocean waters.

1034
01:01:45,875 --> 01:01:48,491
And they restore the alkalinity
of the ocean.

1035
01:01:49,792 --> 01:01:53,535
That enables shellfish
and other creatures to thrive.

1036
01:01:57,542 --> 01:02:00,284
Damon, I thought we'd try
some seaweed salad today.

1037
01:02:00,292 --> 01:02:01,782
Oh.

1038
01:02:04,792 --> 01:02:06,623
Well, the little bursts of gas
are good.

1039
01:02:06,625 --> 01:02:08,115
Yeah. Like little poppers.

1040
01:02:11,167 --> 01:02:13,158
Ok. That's actually pretty good.

1041
01:02:13,167 --> 01:02:14,748
Seaweed salad.

1042
01:02:14,750 --> 01:02:17,287
<i>So, what kind of... we're
getting omega 3s in here.</i>

1043
01:02:17,292 --> 01:02:18,532
- What kind of...
- Oh, yeah.

1044
01:02:18,542 --> 01:02:19,873
What's our source?

1045
01:02:19,875 --> 01:02:22,662
Epa, dha, antioxidants,
phytonutrients,

1046
01:02:22,667 --> 01:02:24,282
omega nutrients.

1047
01:02:25,625 --> 01:02:30,369
But this humble weed has
one more heroic trait to offer.

1048
01:02:31,542 --> 01:02:35,034
It could play a profound role
in drawing down carbon.

1049
01:02:36,250 --> 01:02:38,161
Well, this is an example
of brown seaweed.

1050
01:02:38,167 --> 01:02:42,285
The fastest brown seaweeds
will grow half a metre per day.

1051
01:02:42,292 --> 01:02:44,533
Hang on. Half a metre a day?

1052
01:02:44,542 --> 01:02:46,032
Half a metre a day.

1053
01:02:46,042 --> 01:02:47,907
And they'll grow over 50m long.

1054
01:02:47,917 --> 01:02:50,408
Is that one of the fastest
growing plants in the world?

1055
01:02:50,417 --> 01:02:53,284
It is the fastest-growing
tree on the planet.

1056
01:02:53,292 --> 01:02:55,533
<i>Wow. Ok. So that's why
the understanding of...</i>

1057
01:02:55,542 --> 01:02:57,624
That it's going to be pulling
carbon out of the atmosphere

1058
01:02:57,625 --> 01:02:59,616
very quickly,
because it grows so fast.

1059
01:02:59,625 --> 01:03:03,994
Thousands of tonnes of carbon
per square kilometre per year.

1060
01:03:05,417 --> 01:03:06,782
Wow. Ok.

1061
01:03:08,042 --> 01:03:09,873
Win! It's not a weed at all.

1062
01:03:09,875 --> 01:03:12,912
It's food,
it's habitat for fish,

1063
01:03:12,917 --> 01:03:14,999
it gives back to
the fish ecosystems,

1064
01:03:15,000 --> 01:03:16,490
and we balance carbon.

1065
01:03:16,500 --> 01:03:18,036
We measure the carbon export.

1066
01:03:20,792 --> 01:03:23,624
The testing of large-scale
marine permaculture

1067
01:03:23,625 --> 01:03:25,035
is yet to be done.

1068
01:03:26,500 --> 01:03:28,491
But the stakes
couldn't be any higher

1069
01:03:28,500 --> 01:03:29,990
for getting them underway.

1070
01:03:31,792 --> 01:03:37,287
This is all about restoring the
foundation of our civilisation,

1071
01:03:37,292 --> 01:03:39,624
because with climate disruption,

1072
01:03:39,625 --> 01:03:42,287
we'll deplete the soils,
we'll deplete the oceans.

1073
01:03:42,292 --> 01:03:44,408
There will be
no civilisation left

1074
01:03:44,417 --> 01:03:48,035
because any time
you lose that foundation

1075
01:03:48,042 --> 01:03:50,249
of food and the soils
and the seas,

1076
01:03:50,250 --> 01:03:51,990
you lose civilisation as well.

1077
01:04:17,625 --> 01:04:21,789
So, velvet, because
the warming will increase

1078
01:04:21,792 --> 01:04:24,408
over the next two decades,

1079
01:04:24,417 --> 01:04:27,159
and sea levels
will continue to rise...

1080
01:04:28,500 --> 01:04:34,621
Some countries will need to
adapt in new and creative ways.

1081
01:04:41,917 --> 01:04:44,659
But if predictions of severe
droughts are realised

1082
01:04:44,667 --> 01:04:47,784
that see shortages of food,

1083
01:04:47,792 --> 01:04:51,410
the potential for unprecedented
numbers of refugees

1084
01:04:51,417 --> 01:04:53,783
and civil unrest
around the world...

1085
01:04:55,375 --> 01:04:56,865
Is enormous.

1086
01:05:04,375 --> 01:05:08,288
Just imagine large-scale
marine permaculture,

1087
01:05:08,292 --> 01:05:10,908
helping to mitigate
the severity of such a crisis.

1088
01:05:14,042 --> 01:05:15,907
It could provide
an alternative food source

1089
01:05:15,917 --> 01:05:17,407
to the damaged land crops...

1090
01:05:19,250 --> 01:05:21,787
That is rich in protein
and other nutrients.

1091
01:05:25,042 --> 01:05:26,532
Instead of having
governments

1092
01:05:26,542 --> 01:05:28,407
that are reacting to disaster,

1093
01:05:28,417 --> 01:05:30,282
we need governments
and communities

1094
01:05:30,292 --> 01:05:33,489
and businesses that proactively
set a new vision

1095
01:05:33,500 --> 01:05:35,365
that prevents these disasters,

1096
01:05:35,375 --> 01:05:37,415
that actually takes us
off in a different direction.

1097
01:05:40,167 --> 01:05:43,534
Investment in marine
permaculture around the world

1098
01:05:43,542 --> 01:05:46,284
could generate countless jobs

1099
01:05:46,292 --> 01:05:48,908
and help us reduce
our meat consumption,

1100
01:05:48,917 --> 01:05:51,624
while sequestering staggering
amounts of carbon.

1101
01:05:55,542 --> 01:06:00,411
Imagine decommissioned oil rigs
converted to house the workers

1102
01:06:00,417 --> 01:06:03,409
and becoming exciting
tourist destinations

1103
01:06:03,417 --> 01:06:06,250
for those keen
to explore marine life.

1104
01:06:14,792 --> 01:06:17,158
The seaweed could be
particularly valuable

1105
01:06:17,167 --> 01:06:21,911
in climate vulnerable areas
like the bay of bengal,

1106
01:06:21,917 --> 01:06:25,614
where it could provide food,
fertiliser and biofuel.

1107
01:06:27,042 --> 01:06:30,660
Along the coast of Africa, it
could provide similar benefits,

1108
01:06:30,667 --> 01:06:33,374
contributing to a thriving
local economy.

1109
01:06:39,167 --> 01:06:41,909
With mechanisms,
simple ones,

1110
01:06:41,917 --> 01:06:45,284
you are in fact
regenerating the oceans.

1111
01:06:48,250 --> 01:06:49,911
You could feed 10 billion people

1112
01:06:49,917 --> 01:06:52,659
with the protein from
marine permaculture alone.

1113
01:07:12,917 --> 01:07:14,623
At this point of the trip,

1114
01:07:14,625 --> 01:07:18,538
I felt for the first time
like we genuinely have a chance

1115
01:07:18,542 --> 01:07:20,032
at a better future...

1116
01:07:21,125 --> 01:07:22,786
If we choose to take it.

1117
01:07:28,292 --> 01:07:32,410
But before heading home, there
was another subject to address.

1118
01:07:36,542 --> 01:07:39,158
Well, I wish they'd stop
killing off animals

1119
01:07:39,167 --> 01:07:41,658
and, well, forests and whatnot.

1120
01:07:43,250 --> 01:07:44,740
That'd be cool.

1121
01:07:45,750 --> 01:07:49,789
Probably for people to
acknowledge that, like,

1122
01:07:49,792 --> 01:07:51,498
the factories we build

1123
01:07:51,500 --> 01:07:54,913
and, like, they hurt nature
sometimes.

1124
01:07:54,917 --> 01:07:57,033
Like, the things
that we produce,

1125
01:07:57,042 --> 01:08:01,661
it can, like, hurt the wildlife
and it's not good.

1126
01:08:01,667 --> 01:08:03,783
But people just ignore it
right now.

1127
01:08:03,792 --> 01:08:07,660
I would like to see everyone
using the three rs -

1128
01:08:07,667 --> 01:08:10,158
reduce, reuse and recycle.

1129
01:08:10,167 --> 01:08:13,534
Many people know about it,
but don't practice it today.

1130
01:08:25,542 --> 01:08:27,999
Today's economy, right?

1131
01:08:28,000 --> 01:08:29,786
It gets bigger
faster and faster.

1132
01:08:29,792 --> 01:08:33,410
So the economy is doubling
in size nearly every 20 years.

1133
01:08:35,292 --> 01:08:38,614
We take earth's materials,
turn them into stuff we want,

1134
01:08:38,625 --> 01:08:40,832
we use it for a while
and then throw it away.

1135
01:08:40,833 --> 01:08:41,822
Yep.

1136
01:08:41,833 --> 01:08:43,369
And that take, make, use, lose -

1137
01:08:43,375 --> 01:08:45,741
it cuts against the
living cycles of the planet,

1138
01:08:45,750 --> 01:08:48,822
causing climate change,
causing pollution.

1139
01:08:51,875 --> 01:08:54,366
So we're kicking ourselves
out of planetary balance.

1140
01:08:58,208 --> 01:09:00,494
It is difficult to see
the impacts

1141
01:09:00,500 --> 01:09:03,617
of our individual resource use
on the broader environment.

1142
01:09:06,375 --> 01:09:10,072
But our survival could depend
on us making that connection.

1143
01:09:12,625 --> 01:09:16,493
For greater than
99.9% of our evolution,

1144
01:09:16,500 --> 01:09:19,492
human beings lived in this
very intimate association

1145
01:09:19,500 --> 01:09:21,331
with the natural world.

1146
01:09:21,333 --> 01:09:25,076
The decisions we made
on a daily basis as individuals

1147
01:09:25,083 --> 01:09:27,244
within the context of
communities,

1148
01:09:27,250 --> 01:09:29,582
they were informed by
this immediate feedback

1149
01:09:29,583 --> 01:09:31,869
we got from the world around us.

1150
01:09:31,875 --> 01:09:35,367
From the sun, from the water
that was falling on us.

1151
01:09:35,375 --> 01:09:37,741
And you fast forward
to this little blip of time

1152
01:09:37,750 --> 01:09:40,366
that we're in right now,
and, you know,

1153
01:09:40,375 --> 01:09:42,616
we're completely and totally
alienated from nature.

1154
01:09:42,625 --> 01:09:44,115
We've lost that connection.

1155
01:09:47,750 --> 01:09:50,617
I've come to the town of
oberlin in Ohio,

1156
01:09:52,250 --> 01:09:54,616
have come up with
a quite brilliant way

1157
01:09:54,625 --> 01:09:58,072
to raise awareness of
their community's resource use.

1158
01:10:01,083 --> 01:10:02,823
The environmental dashboard

1159
01:10:02,833 --> 01:10:04,744
was really kind of built around
the science

1160
01:10:04,750 --> 01:10:06,866
and putting people and humans
in connection with

1161
01:10:06,875 --> 01:10:08,991
how they're using
their natural resources.

1162
01:10:09,000 --> 01:10:10,740
And so what this does

1163
01:10:10,750 --> 01:10:14,993
is it gives a visual
representation of the usage.

1164
01:10:15,000 --> 01:10:17,491
And they put it into the schools

1165
01:10:17,500 --> 01:10:20,367
and so it's really gotten
a lot more into the community.

1166
01:10:20,375 --> 01:10:24,368
And the teachers are
utilising it in their lessons.

1167
01:10:24,375 --> 01:10:26,081
I want you to pay
close attention

1168
01:10:26,083 --> 01:10:28,495
to the squirrel on
the right side.

1169
01:10:28,500 --> 01:10:30,240
And watch what happens.

1170
01:10:30,250 --> 01:10:35,825
As it goes down, he gets sadder
and sadder and starts to cry.

1171
01:10:35,833 --> 01:10:38,245
Why do you think the
squirrel got happier or sadder?

1172
01:10:38,250 --> 01:10:39,740
I noticed that too.

1173
01:10:39,750 --> 01:10:41,240
Well, probably
because we're using

1174
01:10:41,250 --> 01:10:43,115
a lot of electricity
at that point.

1175
01:10:43,125 --> 01:10:45,081
More than we regularly used.

1176
01:10:45,083 --> 01:10:46,573
We did a controlled study

1177
01:10:46,583 --> 01:10:48,574
where we have
another school system

1178
01:10:48,583 --> 01:10:50,699
very similar to oberlin's
school systems

1179
01:10:50,708 --> 01:10:52,244
in a different area of Ohio.

1180
01:10:52,250 --> 01:10:54,366
They've got
the same curriculum as we do,

1181
01:10:54,375 --> 01:10:55,865
but they don't have dashboard.

1182
01:10:55,875 --> 01:10:58,742
We found as a result of
exposure,

1183
01:10:58,750 --> 01:11:01,617
if you ask them about
electricity use,

1184
01:11:01,625 --> 01:11:04,367
they start talking about
emotions.

1185
01:11:04,375 --> 01:11:06,991
And when you compare
students in our school

1186
01:11:07,000 --> 01:11:08,581
with this other school,

1187
01:11:08,583 --> 01:11:10,824
they also have more of
a community response

1188
01:11:10,833 --> 01:11:14,121
when they talk about what needs
to be done about energy use.

1189
01:11:14,125 --> 01:11:15,990
They use the word 'we'.

1190
01:11:16,000 --> 01:11:19,242
And in the other school system,
they use the word 't'.

1191
01:11:19,250 --> 01:11:21,366
So we've seen real change

1192
01:11:21,375 --> 01:11:25,323
as a result of this technology
in the school.

1193
01:11:28,750 --> 01:11:31,822
What is most exciting
about this idea

1194
01:11:31,833 --> 01:11:33,869
is that the dashboards
could reconnect us

1195
01:11:33,875 --> 01:11:35,456
to a range of resources...

1196
01:11:37,250 --> 01:11:39,115
And influence our behaviour.

1197
01:11:42,625 --> 01:11:44,581
It's a way to really
engage the community

1198
01:11:44,583 --> 01:11:46,119
in this discussion,

1199
01:11:46,125 --> 01:11:49,868
regardless of what race,
what education, economic level,

1200
01:11:49,875 --> 01:11:51,740
in this discussion
on sustainability

1201
01:11:51,750 --> 01:11:53,240
and the environment.

1202
01:11:58,958 --> 01:12:01,370
But awareness of
our resource use

1203
01:12:01,375 --> 01:12:03,741
is just one piece of
a complicated puzzle.

1204
01:12:05,333 --> 01:12:06,823
Another solution

1205
01:12:06,833 --> 01:12:09,370
that could have a huge impact
on our dilemma

1206
01:12:09,375 --> 01:12:11,991
caught me completely off-guard.

1207
01:12:15,333 --> 01:12:19,622
Probably our biggest
surprise was educating girls

1208
01:12:19,625 --> 01:12:22,241
and family planning.

1209
01:12:22,250 --> 01:12:23,865
You combine these two together,

1210
01:12:23,875 --> 01:12:26,366
the number one solution
to reversing global warming

1211
01:12:26,375 --> 01:12:28,206
is the empowerment
of girls and women.

1212
01:12:28,208 --> 01:12:29,698
Wow.

1213
01:12:37,250 --> 01:12:40,947
So, our daughter
starts school next year

1214
01:12:40,958 --> 01:12:43,370
and as an Australian,

1215
01:12:43,375 --> 01:12:46,117
I completely take for granted

1216
01:12:46,125 --> 01:12:49,572
that she will get to complete
her education.

1217
01:12:49,583 --> 01:12:51,574
And what I'm just learning here

1218
01:12:51,583 --> 01:12:55,075
is that there are 65 million
girls around the world

1219
01:12:55,083 --> 01:12:56,619
that don't get that opportunity.

1220
01:12:57,833 --> 01:12:59,323
And there's a host of reasons
for that.

1221
01:12:59,333 --> 01:13:01,870
Some are put to work to
support families

1222
01:13:01,875 --> 01:13:03,365
or they're married off.

1223
01:13:03,375 --> 01:13:04,865
But on average,

1224
01:13:04,875 --> 01:13:07,833
those girls will have
five or more children.

1225
01:13:10,583 --> 01:13:12,244
So we found
that across the board,

1226
01:13:12,250 --> 01:13:13,740
and this isn't just countries

1227
01:13:13,750 --> 01:13:15,240
where there might be
high rates of poverty.

1228
01:13:15,250 --> 01:13:16,615
Even wealthier countries,

1229
01:13:16,625 --> 01:13:19,617
we know that when girls
stay in school for longer

1230
01:13:19,625 --> 01:13:22,742
and they have access to good
reproductive health services,

1231
01:13:22,750 --> 01:13:25,332
as well as decent
work opportunities,

1232
01:13:25,333 --> 01:13:27,995
that women will tend to delay
having children

1233
01:13:28,000 --> 01:13:29,490
until they're ready,

1234
01:13:29,500 --> 01:13:31,957
and then they choose to have
fewer children from then on.

1235
01:13:31,958 --> 01:13:33,619
So, what this does
as a collective,

1236
01:13:33,625 --> 01:13:36,332
is it slows down
the population growth rate,

1237
01:13:36,333 --> 01:13:37,869
which means that
there's less pressure

1238
01:13:37,875 --> 01:13:41,072
and competition for access to
a whole range of resources,

1239
01:13:41,083 --> 01:13:43,244
whether it's food or water
or land.

1240
01:13:44,875 --> 01:13:46,957
Their children tend to
stay in school longer as well

1241
01:13:46,958 --> 01:13:50,746
and, over time, they break
that cycle of poverty.

1242
01:13:54,875 --> 01:13:56,957
So it's a form of
family planning,

1243
01:13:56,958 --> 01:13:58,494
but it's not coercive.

1244
01:13:58,500 --> 01:13:59,956
It's not control.

1245
01:13:59,958 --> 01:14:03,871
It's just empowering girls
to be who they want to be

1246
01:14:03,875 --> 01:14:06,947
and you have
these incredible benefits.

1247
01:14:13,250 --> 01:14:17,448
One child, one teacher,

1248
01:14:17,458 --> 01:14:22,865
one book and one pen
can change the world.

1249
01:14:45,333 --> 01:14:46,994
So this could be
a pleasant afternoon

1250
01:14:47,000 --> 01:14:49,616
in a standard city of 2040.

1251
01:14:56,583 --> 01:14:58,448
Freed-up space has encouraged

1252
01:14:58,458 --> 01:15:01,245
a range of new
outdoor activities.

1253
01:15:05,375 --> 01:15:09,323
Imagine, velvet, you and
your cool group of friends

1254
01:15:09,333 --> 01:15:10,948
have met for a picnic.

1255
01:15:12,625 --> 01:15:14,115
Although it is unlikely

1256
01:15:14,125 --> 01:15:16,366
that Princess Elsa will still
be part of your crew.

1257
01:15:20,750 --> 01:15:25,323
My hope is that we are all
using resources more wisely

1258
01:15:25,333 --> 01:15:28,120
and some of the clever
innovations that exist today...

1259
01:15:28,125 --> 01:15:29,615
Selfiel

1260
01:15:29,625 --> 01:15:31,490
except for this drone phone
that I did make up

1261
01:15:31,500 --> 01:15:34,615
<i>- to obliterate selfie sticks...
- Home!</i>

1262
01:15:34,625 --> 01:15:36,616
Have been widely adopted.

1263
01:15:39,250 --> 01:15:44,324
Some materials are grown
or made from organic matter.

1264
01:15:49,875 --> 01:15:54,244
While other materials have been
recycled or break down rapidly.

1265
01:15:57,333 --> 01:15:58,869
And wouldn't it be terrific

1266
01:15:58,875 --> 01:16:00,831
if we have not only implemented
the smart ways

1267
01:16:00,833 --> 01:16:03,370
to deal with the billions of
coffee cups

1268
01:16:03,375 --> 01:16:05,081
we send to landfill each year...

1269
01:16:07,125 --> 01:16:08,740
But each city of the world

1270
01:16:08,750 --> 01:16:10,991
has followed the lead of
Stockholm,

1271
01:16:11,000 --> 01:16:13,366
who collect their residents'
food waste...

1272
01:16:15,625 --> 01:16:18,617
Extract the methane to
power their local vehicles...

1273
01:16:20,250 --> 01:16:22,582
And give the leftovers
to farmers

1274
01:16:22,583 --> 01:16:25,370
to use as a natural
fertiliser for their soils.

1275
01:16:27,500 --> 01:16:30,492
<i>Well played, Sweden.
Well played.</i>

1276
01:16:34,125 --> 01:16:36,741
These behaviour changes
in our resource use

1277
01:16:36,750 --> 01:16:38,706
could be reflected on dashboards

1278
01:16:38,708 --> 01:16:40,869
throughout our cities,

1279
01:16:40,875 --> 01:16:42,615
where there used to be ads.

1280
01:16:44,833 --> 01:16:47,370
Even encouraging some
healthy competition.

1281
01:16:54,375 --> 01:16:58,995
But in this 2040,
my greatest hope

1282
01:16:59,000 --> 01:17:01,366
is that girls across the globe

1283
01:17:01,375 --> 01:17:04,742
now have access to the same
educational opportunities

1284
01:17:04,750 --> 01:17:06,866
as you and your friends.

1285
01:17:22,000 --> 01:17:24,366
The cascading benefits of this

1286
01:17:24,375 --> 01:17:28,618
could be greater than anything
else I have discovered.

1287
01:18:26,958 --> 01:18:30,997
So, velvet, this was my story

1288
01:18:31,000 --> 01:18:34,072
of a future I hope
you get to experience.

1289
01:18:35,333 --> 01:18:39,246
Your story and
the one that transpires

1290
01:18:39,250 --> 01:18:40,865
may be completely different.

1291
01:18:42,125 --> 01:18:44,081
But what I now understand

1292
01:18:44,083 --> 01:18:46,495
is that not only are there
so many people

1293
01:18:46,500 --> 01:18:49,367
who want to take part
in telling a new story...

1294
01:18:51,083 --> 01:18:54,826
But we have everything
we need right now

1295
01:18:54,833 --> 01:18:56,619
to make it happen.

1296
01:18:59,875 --> 01:19:03,743
When you go beyond
the dominant media discourse

1297
01:19:03,750 --> 01:19:05,991
and get closer to the ground,

1298
01:19:06,000 --> 01:19:09,743
you will see,
everywhere you look,

1299
01:19:09,750 --> 01:19:12,116
incredible reasons for hope.

1300
01:19:22,250 --> 01:19:24,115
Over the next few years,

1301
01:19:24,125 --> 01:19:26,616
you may notice less
red meat for dinner...

1302
01:19:28,833 --> 01:19:30,619
More trips to the compost bin...

1303
01:19:33,458 --> 01:19:35,119
Better search engines...

1304
01:19:38,333 --> 01:19:41,496
And potentially a new
dashboard in your classroom.

1305
01:19:44,375 --> 01:19:49,324
If enough of us make
these sorts of small changes,

1306
01:19:49,333 --> 01:19:52,120
when combined,
they will make a difference.

1307
01:19:53,875 --> 01:19:55,991
Big banks continue to take a hit

1308
01:19:56,000 --> 01:19:59,197
as the public shifts its money
away from organisations

1309
01:19:59,208 --> 01:20:01,119
that support fossil fuels.

1310
01:20:03,083 --> 01:20:06,120
But of equal importance
is strong leadership.

1311
01:20:08,750 --> 01:20:11,867
Wouldn't it be terrific
if new leaders emerge

1312
01:20:11,875 --> 01:20:14,082
who can navigate us
to a better 20407?

1313
01:20:17,875 --> 01:20:20,867
And just imagine if they used
the doughnut framework

1314
01:20:20,875 --> 01:20:22,581
to create the new story...

1315
01:20:23,875 --> 01:20:25,991
Coupled with more
and more people

1316
01:20:26,000 --> 01:20:28,241
finding a defining role
within it.

1317
01:20:30,500 --> 01:20:33,742
What we can do
is see where you get lit up

1318
01:20:33,750 --> 01:20:35,456
and maybe it's
girls' education -

1319
01:20:35,458 --> 01:20:36,994
"wow. I had no idea!"

1320
01:20:38,000 --> 01:20:40,332
Or it can be food or it can be
farming or it could be energy,

1321
01:20:40,333 --> 01:20:42,449
it could be housing, transport.

1322
01:20:42,458 --> 01:20:44,369
I mean, there's so many areas

1323
01:20:44,375 --> 01:20:47,993
where you actually probably
do have influence

1324
01:20:48,000 --> 01:20:49,991
where you are working,

1325
01:20:50,000 --> 01:20:52,241
where you can affect change

1326
01:20:52,250 --> 01:20:54,741
in a way that actually
is demonstrable

1327
01:20:54,750 --> 01:20:56,991
and meaningful
to you and others.

1328
01:21:02,000 --> 01:21:05,322
And it just unleashes
the power of innovation

1329
01:21:05,333 --> 01:21:09,372
and imagination and creativity
that's within all people.

1330
01:21:17,000 --> 01:21:19,116
My hope for you, darling,

1331
01:21:19,125 --> 01:21:23,240
is that sometime in
2040 there's a day

1332
01:21:23,250 --> 01:21:25,992
when the greenhouse gases
in our atmosphere

1333
01:21:26,000 --> 01:21:29,743
stop increasing and
begin to come down.

1334
01:21:31,458 --> 01:21:33,949
And the solutions
that achieve this

1335
01:21:33,958 --> 01:21:36,370
benefit a wide range of people.

1336
01:21:41,625 --> 01:21:45,322
To celebrate, there are parties
across the globe

1337
01:21:45,333 --> 01:21:47,494
for you and your generation.

1338
01:21:48,875 --> 01:21:50,456
The regeneration.

1339
01:22:32,083 --> 01:22:35,996
When I grow up, I want homeless
people to have their own homes

1340
01:22:36,000 --> 01:22:38,366
with their own money
to buy their own food

1341
01:22:38,375 --> 01:22:39,865
and have their own jobs.

1342
01:22:40,958 --> 01:22:44,450
Well, I'd like it
to be human instinct

1343
01:22:44,458 --> 01:22:47,996
to just look after the world
and to care for the world.

1344
01:22:48,000 --> 01:22:50,332
I would like to see everybody
have equal rights

1345
01:22:50,333 --> 01:22:52,244
and the same living
opportunities.

1346
01:22:53,250 --> 01:22:55,741
I just want the future
to be good.

1347
01:23:05,250 --> 01:23:06,956
Dadda!

1348
01:23:17,625 --> 01:23:19,115
So...

1349
01:23:20,875 --> 01:23:22,615
What's your 20407?

1350
01:25:33,833 --> 01:25:37,826
I want to see clean
air for more people to breathe

1351
01:25:37,833 --> 01:25:39,619
and clean air, so that the trees

1352
01:25:39,625 --> 01:25:43,823
don't have to take the smoke
into their leaves and die.

1353
01:25:46,375 --> 01:25:50,243
I also hope that we'll
be able to solve world hunger,

1354
01:25:50,250 --> 01:25:52,366
'cause a lot of people
are going hungry.

1355
01:25:53,375 --> 01:25:55,366
At the moment,
the ice caps are melting

1356
01:25:55,375 --> 01:25:57,491
because of all
the greenhouse gases.

1357
01:25:59,125 --> 01:26:01,867
[I the earth speaks
loud and clear

1358
01:26:01,875 --> 01:26:04,832
j the time to act is here

1359
01:26:04,833 --> 01:26:06,243
I have want to make sure

1360
01:26:06,250 --> 01:26:07,990
there's no pollution
in the ocean.

1361
01:26:11,125 --> 01:26:13,616
& tomorrow's become today

1362
01:26:13,625 --> 01:26:17,072
j it's too late to turn away

1363
01:26:18,125 --> 01:26:22,323
I want to see fresh air,
fresh water, no pollution.

1364
01:26:22,333 --> 01:26:25,450
Because that will kill animals
and I want no animals to die.

1365
01:26:27,125 --> 01:26:29,957
I'd like it
to be human instinct

1366
01:26:29,958 --> 01:26:34,122
to just look after the world
and to care for the world.

1367
01:26:34,125 --> 01:26:35,865
I would like
to see a world

1368
01:26:35,875 --> 01:26:39,117
where people live in peace,
Harmony and happiness

1369
01:26:39,125 --> 01:26:42,367
and not a world
where people live in fear.

1370
01:26:42,375 --> 01:26:43,990
I don't think
we should use guns

1371
01:26:44,000 --> 01:26:45,615
and force each other around.

1372
01:26:49,875 --> 01:26:52,457
j the creatures we have lost

1373
01:27:01,625 --> 01:27:05,243
j so please don't turn away

1374
01:27:05,250 --> 01:27:08,868
In the future, I'd like
to see more beautiful things

1375
01:27:08,875 --> 01:27:11,457
like flowers, more trees.

1376
01:27:11,458 --> 01:27:12,948
Cleaner water.

1377
01:27:12,958 --> 01:27:14,368
Be respectful to earth.

1378
01:27:14,375 --> 01:27:15,990
Less global warming.

1379
01:27:16,000 --> 01:27:19,948
We could stop littering
and make sure coral looks ok

1380
01:27:19,958 --> 01:27:22,950
'cause it normally looks
like a rainbow in the sea.

1381
01:27:25,750 --> 01:27:28,457
j so please don't turn away

1382
01:27:28,458 --> 01:27:30,244
And also,
I'd like my kids

1383
01:27:30,250 --> 01:27:34,072
to be able to swim
in fresh water.

1384
01:27:37,833 --> 01:27:41,371
j so please don't turn away

1385
01:27:41,375 --> 01:27:43,115
A lot more inventions.

1386
01:27:43,125 --> 01:27:44,740
Electric cars.

1387
01:27:44,750 --> 01:27:46,832
Take transportation.

1388
01:27:49,708 --> 01:27:53,576
j so please don't turn away

1389
01:28:14,625 --> 01:28:17,457
If people keep doing
what they're doing now,

1390
01:28:17,458 --> 01:28:20,245
the world won't be
a very good place.

1391
01:28:22,958 --> 01:28:28,866
j so please don't
turn away j the future

1392
01:28:28,875 --> 01:28:30,331
I would also like

1393
01:28:30,333 --> 01:28:32,870
if money was
more evenly distributed.

1394
01:28:32,875 --> 01:28:35,241
I would like to see
everybody have equal rights

1395
01:28:35,250 --> 01:28:37,332
and the same living
opportunities.

1396
01:28:37,333 --> 01:28:40,075
For the government
to have done something

1397
01:28:40,083 --> 01:28:42,745
on global warming and pollution.

1398
01:28:47,375 --> 01:28:50,572
I want people to treat
each other better.