1 00:00:01,910 --> 00:00:04,363 Previously in Hitler The Itinerary. 2 00:00:07,810 --> 00:00:09,800 It's hard to imagine how this little baby 3 00:00:09,800 --> 00:00:11,373 grew up to be a mass murderer. 4 00:00:13,244 --> 00:00:14,650 Objectively speaking, 5 00:00:14,650 --> 00:00:16,910 Hitler was a very good soldier. 6 00:00:16,910 --> 00:00:19,701 His superiors knew they could always count on him. 7 00:00:19,701 --> 00:00:22,100 (speaking foreign language) 8 00:00:22,100 --> 00:00:23,930 Hitler's strength is above all is speaking, 9 00:00:23,930 --> 00:00:26,580 as a powerful speaker, very energetic. 10 00:00:26,580 --> 00:00:30,023 Unlike many politicians, he writes all his own speeches. 11 00:00:35,830 --> 00:00:38,113 Berlin, January 30, 1933. 12 00:00:39,170 --> 00:00:42,410 Adolf Hitler has become the most powerful man in Germany, 13 00:00:42,410 --> 00:00:44,610 a dictator who would plunge the German people 14 00:00:44,610 --> 00:00:46,060 and the entire world into 15 00:00:46,060 --> 00:00:48,790 the 20th century's most murderous conflict, 16 00:00:48,790 --> 00:00:50,053 the Second World War. 17 00:00:51,420 --> 00:00:53,790 Hitler piled on victory after victory 18 00:00:53,790 --> 00:00:56,780 after seizing power which in itself was a victory 19 00:00:56,780 --> 00:00:59,103 over the German people and the planet. 20 00:01:00,250 --> 00:01:03,160 It was only Hitler really who wanted war. 21 00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:06,223 Neither Goering nor Goebbels nor the generals wanted war. 22 00:01:07,883 --> 00:01:10,250 But, Hitler was convinced that he 23 00:01:10,250 --> 00:01:11,783 was a military genius. 24 00:01:14,230 --> 00:01:16,440 But, how did this man with no military training 25 00:01:16,440 --> 00:01:18,463 manage to conquer the whole of Europe? 26 00:01:19,321 --> 00:01:21,340 (dramatic music) 27 00:01:21,340 --> 00:01:24,253 Why was he considered the greatest war leader of all time? 28 00:01:26,510 --> 00:01:28,570 How did this former homeless layabout 29 00:01:28,570 --> 00:01:31,033 become the architect of the final solution? 30 00:01:35,010 --> 00:01:37,210 One man, a passionate historian, 31 00:01:37,210 --> 00:01:38,740 has traveled the world to establish 32 00:01:38,740 --> 00:01:41,780 the most exhaustive chronology yet of this journey. 33 00:01:41,780 --> 00:01:44,070 Harald Sandner has spent over 20 years 34 00:01:44,070 --> 00:01:47,143 picking about Adolf Hitler's life hour by hour. 35 00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:50,354 Where was he during these early years 36 00:01:50,354 --> 00:01:52,380 and as he waged war? 37 00:01:52,380 --> 00:01:55,560 Where did he make his most momentous decisions? 38 00:01:55,560 --> 00:01:56,760 Wherever Hitler was, 39 00:01:56,760 --> 00:01:58,250 that's where the power was. 40 00:01:58,250 --> 00:02:00,843 He was the very embodiment of an absolute dictator. 41 00:02:01,950 --> 00:02:04,230 More than 70 years after Hitler's death, 42 00:02:04,230 --> 00:02:06,744 Harald Sandner has uncovered numerous inaccuracies 43 00:02:06,744 --> 00:02:09,423 even in the most serious published works. 44 00:02:10,673 --> 00:02:11,890 (speaking foreign language) 45 00:02:11,890 --> 00:02:13,557 There are something 46 00:02:13,557 --> 00:02:14,390 like 80 biographies of Hitler, 47 00:02:14,390 --> 00:02:17,020 but there ar always mistakes in some of the information. 48 00:02:18,519 --> 00:02:22,170 From France to Austria, via Germany and Belgium 49 00:02:22,170 --> 00:02:24,110 we went searching for the final traces 50 00:02:24,110 --> 00:02:25,370 left by the dictator 51 00:02:26,970 --> 00:02:29,083 to understand the journey of a war leader. 52 00:02:31,930 --> 00:02:34,163 This is the itinerary of Adolf Hitler. 53 00:02:35,464 --> 00:02:38,214 (dramatic music) 54 00:02:40,145 --> 00:02:43,062 (mysterious music) 55 00:03:20,300 --> 00:03:23,610 Berlin, April 30, 1945. 56 00:03:23,610 --> 00:03:26,720 Adolf Hitler decides to commit suicide. 57 00:03:26,720 --> 00:03:28,040 He has just learnt that the Russians 58 00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:30,800 are fast approaching the Reich's chancellery. 59 00:03:30,800 --> 00:03:34,340 His troops can only hold them off for another 24 hours. 60 00:03:34,340 --> 00:03:36,283 Hitler knows that he's lost the war. 61 00:03:37,912 --> 00:03:39,730 Life had no meaning for him 62 00:03:39,730 --> 00:03:41,470 once he lost the war. 63 00:03:41,470 --> 00:03:44,150 He did not want to stand trial. 64 00:03:44,150 --> 00:03:45,943 He didn't want to be humiliated. 65 00:03:47,300 --> 00:03:49,830 At about midday, the dictator bade farewell 66 00:03:49,830 --> 00:03:52,960 to his closest collaborators and retired to this room, 67 00:03:52,960 --> 00:03:56,203 his office in the Fuhrerbunker with his wife, Eva Hitler. 68 00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:00,563 The couple committed suicide at 3:30 pm. 69 00:04:03,991 --> 00:04:05,600 (speaking foreign language) 70 00:04:05,600 --> 00:04:08,300 Eva took poison while Hitler made doubly sure 71 00:04:08,300 --> 00:04:10,003 by biting into a capsule of poison 72 00:04:10,003 --> 00:04:11,643 as well as shooting himself. 73 00:04:12,567 --> 00:04:14,510 His doctor had advised him to do this 74 00:04:14,510 --> 00:04:16,503 to be sure of killing himself. 75 00:04:18,640 --> 00:04:20,440 The dictator's death almost immediately 76 00:04:20,440 --> 00:04:22,173 brought an end to the hostilities. 77 00:04:23,200 --> 00:04:26,260 Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945, 78 00:04:26,260 --> 00:04:27,970 a week after the suicide of the man 79 00:04:27,970 --> 00:04:29,680 who had dragged Europe and the world 80 00:04:29,680 --> 00:04:31,533 into an unprecedented cataclysm. 81 00:04:35,540 --> 00:04:37,289 It was a great relief. 82 00:04:37,289 --> 00:04:41,650 Nazism died with him, just as it had been born with him. 83 00:04:41,650 --> 00:04:45,500 Hitler's suicide meant for Jews who were still 84 00:04:45,500 --> 00:04:48,160 in German captivity, 85 00:04:48,160 --> 00:04:51,343 an end to their persecution and suffering. 86 00:04:54,030 --> 00:04:55,510 But, how could such atrocities 87 00:04:55,510 --> 00:04:58,190 have been allowed to go on for so many years? 88 00:04:58,190 --> 00:05:01,040 Could the Second World War have been avoided? 89 00:05:01,040 --> 00:05:03,800 To understand its origins, we must go back to a time 90 00:05:03,800 --> 00:05:07,067 when Hitler still pretended he wanted peace. 91 00:05:07,067 --> 00:05:09,650 (crowd cheers) 92 00:05:14,035 --> 00:05:16,740 (dramatic music) 93 00:05:16,740 --> 00:05:20,420 On September 29, 1938 it was in this building 94 00:05:20,420 --> 00:05:22,570 in the center of Munich that the German dictator, 95 00:05:22,570 --> 00:05:25,302 Adolf Hitler received several heads of state. 96 00:05:25,302 --> 00:05:28,220 The Italian leader, Benito Mussolini, 97 00:05:28,220 --> 00:05:30,520 French Prime Minister, Edouard Daladier, 98 00:05:30,520 --> 00:05:33,430 and British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain. 99 00:05:33,430 --> 00:05:36,403 It was a decisive encounter for international relations. 100 00:05:38,360 --> 00:05:41,710 After annexing Austria to the German Reich in 1938, 101 00:05:41,710 --> 00:05:43,890 Hitler now wanted Sudetenland, 102 00:05:43,890 --> 00:05:45,890 the northwestern part of Czechoslovakia, 103 00:05:47,296 --> 00:05:50,583 and he was determined to get it, whatever the opposition. 104 00:05:52,200 --> 00:05:54,580 Hitler wanted to take back all territories 105 00:05:54,580 --> 00:05:56,620 with German speaking people. 106 00:05:56,620 --> 00:05:58,790 He thought that wherever German was spoken 107 00:05:58,790 --> 00:06:00,173 was German territory. 108 00:06:02,653 --> 00:06:04,580 It was on the first floor of this building 109 00:06:04,580 --> 00:06:06,330 that negotiations took place on the night 110 00:06:06,330 --> 00:06:09,233 of the 29th to the 30th of September, 1938. 111 00:06:10,350 --> 00:06:11,970 We return to this historical setting 112 00:06:11,970 --> 00:06:13,923 with the historian, Harald Sandner. 113 00:06:17,210 --> 00:06:19,210 It was 1:50 in the morning when the dictator 114 00:06:19,210 --> 00:06:20,193 got what he wanted. 115 00:06:23,290 --> 00:06:25,330 Here we are in Hitler's personal office, 116 00:06:25,330 --> 00:06:27,420 the Fuhrerbau in Munich. 117 00:06:27,420 --> 00:06:29,507 This is the exact spot where the table stood 118 00:06:29,507 --> 00:06:32,503 in which the so-called Munich Agreement was signed. 119 00:06:33,990 --> 00:06:34,980 The treaty, in effect, 120 00:06:34,980 --> 00:06:37,710 sacrificed part of Czechoslovakia. 121 00:06:37,710 --> 00:06:39,870 In exchange, the dictator committed himself 122 00:06:39,870 --> 00:06:41,920 to not invading the rest of that country. 123 00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:44,270 In the days that followed, 124 00:06:44,270 --> 00:06:45,950 around three and a half million Czechs 125 00:06:45,950 --> 00:06:49,280 found themselves subject of the German state. 126 00:06:49,280 --> 00:06:50,718 Czechoslovakia wasn't consulted 127 00:06:50,718 --> 00:06:53,043 and didn't have any representatives. 128 00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:55,910 By abandoning Sudetenland, 129 00:06:55,910 --> 00:06:59,100 France and Great Britain thought they'd avoided the worst. 130 00:06:59,100 --> 00:07:01,903 Both were firmly opposed to the prospect of another war. 131 00:07:02,881 --> 00:07:03,714 (speaking foreign language) 132 00:07:03,714 --> 00:07:05,400 Chamberlain went back to London 133 00:07:05,400 --> 00:07:08,105 waving his slip of paper at the airport. 134 00:07:08,105 --> 00:07:10,577 He reported that he'd negotiated with Hitler, 135 00:07:10,577 --> 00:07:13,280 and that now there would be peace. 136 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:15,230 He genuinely believed he'd secured peace 137 00:07:15,230 --> 00:07:16,280 for the coming years. 138 00:07:20,660 --> 00:07:21,680 Little did he suspect 139 00:07:21,680 --> 00:07:23,373 the fuhrer's true intentions. 140 00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:26,780 For while his generals thought that pulling off 141 00:07:26,780 --> 00:07:29,750 such a victory without bloodshed was a stroke of genius, 142 00:07:29,750 --> 00:07:31,793 Hitler had far greater ambitions. 143 00:07:35,822 --> 00:07:36,960 (speaking foreign language) 144 00:07:36,960 --> 00:07:38,390 Hitler himself would have said 145 00:07:38,390 --> 00:07:40,760 that the British and French had deprived him 146 00:07:40,760 --> 00:07:44,153 of the war he wanted to start in September 1938. 147 00:07:45,740 --> 00:07:48,123 He was determined to have this war. 148 00:07:49,627 --> 00:07:51,790 (crowds cheer) 149 00:07:51,790 --> 00:07:53,840 Two days later, German troops marched 150 00:07:53,840 --> 00:07:57,080 into Sudetenland without encountering any resistance, 151 00:07:57,080 --> 00:07:59,623 the annexation becoming known as The Flower War. 152 00:08:03,800 --> 00:08:05,340 Another success for the fuhrer 153 00:08:05,340 --> 00:08:07,443 whose popularity was at its peak. 154 00:08:08,519 --> 00:08:11,060 So far, he'd not put a foot wrong, 155 00:08:11,060 --> 00:08:13,220 and was doing exactly what he wanted, 156 00:08:13,220 --> 00:08:14,733 ruling foreign rulers. 157 00:08:20,769 --> 00:08:23,730 (dramatic music) 158 00:08:23,730 --> 00:08:24,907 While he waited to conquer France 159 00:08:24,907 --> 00:08:26,670 and the rest of Eastern Europe, 160 00:08:26,670 --> 00:08:28,883 Hitler sewed terror in his own country. 161 00:08:30,410 --> 00:08:32,310 This was a different kind of war, 162 00:08:32,310 --> 00:08:34,653 the progressive exclusion of German Jews. 163 00:08:37,910 --> 00:08:40,690 During Kristallnacht, the night of broken glass, 164 00:08:40,690 --> 00:08:43,300 the ninth to 10th November, 1938, 165 00:08:43,300 --> 00:08:45,290 thousands of synagogues and Jewish shops 166 00:08:45,290 --> 00:08:47,440 were sacked and destroyed. 167 00:08:47,440 --> 00:08:49,673 Hitler wanted to force the Jews to emigrate. 168 00:08:50,710 --> 00:08:52,523 Many were rounded up and murdered. 169 00:08:54,700 --> 00:08:56,090 30,000 Jewish men are arrested 170 00:08:56,090 --> 00:08:57,550 and put in concentration camps 171 00:08:57,550 --> 00:08:59,860 and released when they promised to emigrate. 172 00:08:59,860 --> 00:09:03,493 Hitler had thought the Jews as a subversive element. 173 00:09:04,460 --> 00:09:06,720 That night, Nazi Germany crossed a line 174 00:09:06,720 --> 00:09:09,563 in its implementation of antisemitic policies. 175 00:09:10,458 --> 00:09:12,940 (speaking foreign language) 176 00:09:12,940 --> 00:09:14,800 In his speech given before the Reichstag 177 00:09:14,800 --> 00:09:17,160 on the 30th of January, 1939, 178 00:09:17,160 --> 00:09:19,200 Adolf Hitler predicted the extermination 179 00:09:19,200 --> 00:09:22,033 of the Jews of Europe in the event of a new world war, 180 00:09:23,510 --> 00:09:26,310 a morbid prophecy which evoked no reaction 181 00:09:26,310 --> 00:09:27,493 from the German people. 182 00:09:30,228 --> 00:09:32,088 Even if, with indulgence, 183 00:09:32,088 --> 00:09:34,658 one could interpret it as merely an expulsion plan 184 00:09:34,658 --> 00:09:38,573 it's clear he was talking about a planned genocide. 185 00:09:39,860 --> 00:09:40,920 With this speech, 186 00:09:40,920 --> 00:09:43,820 the foundations of the Holocaust had been laid, 187 00:09:43,820 --> 00:09:45,523 the face of Germany changed. 188 00:09:50,595 --> 00:09:53,512 (mysterious music) 189 00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:56,910 Hitler made his most important decisions 190 00:09:56,910 --> 00:10:00,093 at Obersalzberg, the retreat in the Bavarian Alps. 191 00:10:02,590 --> 00:10:05,563 The Berghof became the dictator's secondary residence. 192 00:10:08,370 --> 00:10:10,330 It was up here in the mountains 193 00:10:10,330 --> 00:10:12,043 that Hitler prepared his war. 194 00:10:13,708 --> 00:10:16,070 Hitler spent about a quarter of his reign 195 00:10:16,070 --> 00:10:18,503 in Obersalzberg. 196 00:10:19,940 --> 00:10:21,680 Hitler claimed to have been renting this house 197 00:10:21,680 --> 00:10:22,833 from 1928. 198 00:10:24,430 --> 00:10:26,423 In fact, it was a year earlier. 199 00:10:28,560 --> 00:10:31,199 The reasons for the lie were purely fiscal. 200 00:10:31,199 --> 00:10:34,750 Even much later he supplied false information. 201 00:10:34,750 --> 00:10:37,824 He said he'd spent very little time in Obersalzberg, 202 00:10:37,824 --> 00:10:39,333 but that was not the case. 203 00:10:40,250 --> 00:10:43,060 The Berghof was his favorite residence. 204 00:10:43,060 --> 00:10:46,766 One in power, he made it a second chancellery, after Berlin. 205 00:10:46,766 --> 00:10:48,350 (speaking foreign language) 206 00:10:48,350 --> 00:10:49,990 He chose over Obersalzberg 207 00:10:49,990 --> 00:10:51,610 as a seat of government because it had 208 00:10:51,610 --> 00:10:54,820 a strategic significance in establishing his power. 209 00:10:54,820 --> 00:10:57,290 He could retire there to be alone, yes, 210 00:10:57,290 --> 00:10:59,950 but he could also receive whomever he wanted there, 211 00:10:59,950 --> 00:11:02,380 including important visitors, using the setting 212 00:11:02,380 --> 00:11:04,433 to stage manage his foreign policy. 213 00:11:05,690 --> 00:11:08,620 The Nazi party were masters of spin. 214 00:11:08,620 --> 00:11:11,320 Every day thousands of visitors gathered to get a glimpse 215 00:11:11,320 --> 00:11:12,323 of the dictator. 216 00:11:15,175 --> 00:11:17,240 And, he would devote hours of his time to this, 217 00:11:17,240 --> 00:11:19,313 always appearing relaxed and smiling. 218 00:11:20,940 --> 00:11:23,123 It was a major propaganda operation. 219 00:11:25,740 --> 00:11:26,980 The messages put across 220 00:11:26,980 --> 00:11:29,135 by these images in Obersalzberg 221 00:11:29,135 --> 00:11:32,130 is that of Hitler's closeness to the people. 222 00:11:32,130 --> 00:11:33,740 He was a chancellor of the people, 223 00:11:33,740 --> 00:11:34,950 that's what they called him, 224 00:11:34,950 --> 00:11:36,760 and who could be a chancellor of the people 225 00:11:36,760 --> 00:11:37,893 without the people? 226 00:11:38,907 --> 00:11:41,510 (crowd cheers) 227 00:11:41,510 --> 00:11:42,557 And yet, for six years 228 00:11:42,557 --> 00:11:45,880 Hitler had been keeping a secret from the German people. 229 00:11:45,880 --> 00:11:47,773 His 25 year old mistress. 230 00:11:49,800 --> 00:11:53,260 He name was Eva Braun, and only those closest to Hitler 231 00:11:53,260 --> 00:11:54,623 knew of her existence. 232 00:11:55,736 --> 00:11:58,530 He had this idea that his political mission 233 00:11:58,530 --> 00:12:00,453 wouldn't allow him to be married. 234 00:12:01,330 --> 00:12:03,890 He presented himself as a sort of solider monk, 235 00:12:03,890 --> 00:12:06,519 a prophet committed to his mission. 236 00:12:06,519 --> 00:12:08,369 That wouldn't fit with being married. 237 00:12:10,510 --> 00:12:12,720 With a camera given to her by the dictator, 238 00:12:12,720 --> 00:12:15,083 she shot color film of their private life. 239 00:12:17,804 --> 00:12:21,483 On film, Eva Braun appears happy and fulfilled, 240 00:12:22,510 --> 00:12:24,943 but in reality, the young woman was suffering. 241 00:12:26,050 --> 00:12:28,083 She twice tried to take her own life. 242 00:12:30,406 --> 00:12:31,560 (speaking foreign language) 243 00:12:31,560 --> 00:12:33,510 These suicide attempts have to be seen 244 00:12:33,510 --> 00:12:34,503 as cries for help. 245 00:12:35,370 --> 00:12:38,030 They would also explain her frequent absences, 246 00:12:38,030 --> 00:12:40,959 although it's hard to tell at this distance, 247 00:12:40,959 --> 00:12:43,279 and even when Hitler was with her 248 00:12:43,279 --> 00:12:46,033 there was a relatively big distance between them. 249 00:12:48,440 --> 00:12:50,470 In the mountains of Obersalzberg, 250 00:12:50,470 --> 00:12:53,040 Hitler was distant because he had other things on his mind, 251 00:12:53,040 --> 00:12:54,703 such as getting ready for war. 252 00:12:57,570 --> 00:12:59,010 After breaking the Munich Agreement 253 00:12:59,010 --> 00:13:01,120 by invading the rest of Czechoslovakia, 254 00:13:01,120 --> 00:13:03,010 he signed a non-aggression pact with Stalin 255 00:13:03,010 --> 00:13:05,472 in case he were to invade Poland. 256 00:13:05,472 --> 00:13:08,222 (dramatic music) 257 00:13:10,810 --> 00:13:13,270 It was now August 1939. 258 00:13:13,270 --> 00:13:14,800 This was the last peaceful summer 259 00:13:14,800 --> 00:13:17,400 that Europe and the world would know for many years. 260 00:13:23,046 --> 00:13:25,012 (explosions) 261 00:13:25,012 --> 00:13:27,262 (gunshots) 262 00:13:28,880 --> 00:13:30,980 On September 1st, 1939, 263 00:13:30,980 --> 00:13:32,930 Hitler launched the invasion of Poland. 264 00:13:34,970 --> 00:13:38,580 2,500 tanks and 1,300 planes provided support 265 00:13:38,580 --> 00:13:40,860 for a million and a half ground troops. 266 00:13:40,860 --> 00:13:42,440 The dictator was determined, 267 00:13:42,440 --> 00:13:45,063 even though many of his entourage opposed this move. 268 00:13:48,910 --> 00:13:50,940 In fact, it was only Hitler really 269 00:13:50,940 --> 00:13:52,700 who wanted war. 270 00:13:52,700 --> 00:13:56,252 Neither Goering nor Goebbels nor the generals wanted war. 271 00:13:56,252 --> 00:13:57,780 (speaking foreign language) 272 00:13:57,780 --> 00:13:59,870 Hitler's mistake here was in thinking 273 00:13:59,870 --> 00:14:01,920 that even if he invaded Poland, 274 00:14:01,920 --> 00:14:04,853 the British and French still would not react. 275 00:14:07,070 --> 00:14:09,100 But, on September 3, 1939, 276 00:14:09,100 --> 00:14:11,423 Paris and London declared war on Germany. 277 00:14:12,600 --> 00:14:14,805 It was now a World War. 278 00:14:14,805 --> 00:14:17,555 (dramatic music) 279 00:14:21,555 --> 00:14:24,040 Immediately after this, the dictator took 280 00:14:24,040 --> 00:14:25,913 his personal train to the front line. 281 00:14:30,010 --> 00:14:32,220 He followed the operations from the training camp 282 00:14:32,220 --> 00:14:33,953 at Grosbone in Poland. 283 00:14:36,600 --> 00:14:38,530 He was fascinated by the armed combat 284 00:14:38,530 --> 00:14:40,203 going on right before his eyes. 285 00:14:41,640 --> 00:14:44,240 Hitler felt a need to be right where the action was. 286 00:14:45,373 --> 00:14:46,240 (speaking foreign language) 287 00:14:46,240 --> 00:14:48,480 Hitler never stayed in the same place. 288 00:14:48,480 --> 00:14:50,530 He liked to get out and meet people. 289 00:14:50,530 --> 00:14:52,390 He didn't like to sleep in the same place 290 00:14:52,390 --> 00:14:53,483 two nights in a row. 291 00:14:54,589 --> 00:14:56,890 He was always going to the front line 292 00:14:56,890 --> 00:14:58,539 and putting his life in danger. 293 00:14:58,539 --> 00:14:59,918 He didn't care. 294 00:14:59,918 --> 00:15:02,130 He was sure that God would protect him, 295 00:15:02,130 --> 00:15:03,780 that nothing could happen to him. 296 00:15:06,230 --> 00:15:08,660 Only six weeks after hostilities began, 297 00:15:08,660 --> 00:15:09,983 Warsaw was surrounded. 298 00:15:10,980 --> 00:15:13,430 Poland had been crushed in Hitler's blitzkrieg 299 00:15:13,430 --> 00:15:15,090 or lightning war. 300 00:15:15,090 --> 00:15:17,840 (dramatic music) 301 00:15:19,860 --> 00:15:22,140 The day of the capitulation, Hilter divided up 302 00:15:22,140 --> 00:15:24,270 the territory between himself and Stalin, 303 00:15:24,270 --> 00:15:25,763 his ideological enemy. 304 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:29,190 To celebrate its victory, the German army 305 00:15:29,190 --> 00:15:31,090 paraded through the streets of Warsaw. 306 00:15:32,477 --> 00:15:33,620 (speaking foreign language) 307 00:15:33,620 --> 00:15:35,100 Hitler was convinced, 308 00:15:35,100 --> 00:15:37,610 after the swift and easy victory in Poland, 309 00:15:37,610 --> 00:15:42,383 that he was a military genius, gifted with intuition. 310 00:15:42,383 --> 00:15:45,410 He was always right, so if anyone disagreed 311 00:15:45,410 --> 00:15:47,213 they were necessarily wrong. 312 00:15:48,260 --> 00:15:50,110 This time, Hitler had let his generals 313 00:15:50,110 --> 00:15:52,608 run the campaign, but from now on 314 00:15:52,608 --> 00:15:55,293 he'd take charge of operations himself. 315 00:16:01,022 --> 00:16:03,410 (dramatic music) 316 00:16:03,410 --> 00:16:06,263 Around three million Jews were now in Nazi hands. 317 00:16:07,560 --> 00:16:09,610 In defeated Poland, they were rounded up 318 00:16:09,610 --> 00:16:11,543 and crammed into enormous ghettos. 319 00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:14,790 The more territory 320 00:16:14,790 --> 00:16:17,030 the Nazis took in Eastern Europe, 321 00:16:17,030 --> 00:16:20,000 the more they were confronted with Jewish populations. 322 00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:22,160 This only confirmed their conviction 323 00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:25,470 that a systematic deportation and then extermination 324 00:16:25,470 --> 00:16:27,433 of these Jews was necessary. 325 00:16:29,060 --> 00:16:31,793 The everyday living conditions were inhuman. 326 00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:37,750 They are controlled, brutalized, starved, and killed, 327 00:16:37,750 --> 00:16:39,980 so it's the way then which Hitler 328 00:16:39,980 --> 00:16:44,093 treats the Jewish population of Poland. 329 00:16:45,520 --> 00:16:46,820 Hunger and epidemics 330 00:16:46,820 --> 00:16:48,283 killed off thousands of them. 331 00:16:49,130 --> 00:16:52,372 By 1940, 1941 in the big ghettos, 332 00:16:52,372 --> 00:16:56,970 as many as 1,000 people were dying each month. 333 00:16:56,970 --> 00:16:59,720 (dramatic music) 334 00:17:04,880 --> 00:17:05,713 At the same time, 335 00:17:05,713 --> 00:17:07,723 Hitler was extending his rule westward. 336 00:17:09,670 --> 00:17:13,123 In April 1940, he invaded Norway and then Denmark. 337 00:17:15,420 --> 00:17:18,180 He also set out the attack strategy for France, 338 00:17:18,180 --> 00:17:20,433 even though he had no military experience. 339 00:17:22,400 --> 00:17:24,910 Things didn't go as planned, however. 340 00:17:24,910 --> 00:17:27,993 He postponed the invasion of France 29 times. 341 00:17:29,930 --> 00:17:32,910 The reason France wasn't invaded earlier 342 00:17:32,910 --> 00:17:35,170 is very simple, the weather. 343 00:17:35,170 --> 00:17:37,663 The weather was an important factor for Hitler 344 00:17:37,663 --> 00:17:40,100 because air support was used in a massive way 345 00:17:40,100 --> 00:17:42,723 for the first time in this new lightning war. 346 00:17:44,210 --> 00:17:46,780 But, tanks would also play an important role. 347 00:17:46,780 --> 00:17:48,723 Building them and training the crews 348 00:17:48,723 --> 00:17:50,963 held up the beginning of the offensive. 349 00:17:54,580 --> 00:17:57,560 In the end, Hitler decided to launch the attack on France 350 00:17:57,560 --> 00:18:00,000 on May 10, 1940. 351 00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:02,090 As with Poland, this offensive began 352 00:18:02,090 --> 00:18:03,673 with a massive air engagement. 353 00:18:04,836 --> 00:18:06,420 (explosions) 354 00:18:06,420 --> 00:18:08,480 Then the Weimar crushed the French troops 355 00:18:08,480 --> 00:18:09,763 in just a few days. 356 00:18:10,771 --> 00:18:12,547 (speaking foreign language) 357 00:18:12,547 --> 00:18:14,720 The German army was like 358 00:18:14,720 --> 00:18:19,527 an unstoppable steam roller with modern weapons, 359 00:18:19,527 --> 00:18:21,283 with whole tactics, 360 00:18:22,118 --> 00:18:25,683 and with extremely willing troops. 361 00:18:27,200 --> 00:18:28,840 But, the fuhrer wanted to be, once more, 362 00:18:28,840 --> 00:18:31,270 on the front line to witness France being brought 363 00:18:31,270 --> 00:18:32,293 to its knees. 364 00:18:34,870 --> 00:18:38,190 So, on May 19, 1940, Hitler's security detail 365 00:18:38,190 --> 00:18:39,710 was tasked with quickly finding him 366 00:18:39,710 --> 00:18:41,453 a location for his headquarters. 367 00:18:45,370 --> 00:18:46,820 Time was of the essence. 368 00:18:46,820 --> 00:18:48,920 France might counter attack at any moment. 369 00:18:53,674 --> 00:18:56,280 (dramatic music) 370 00:18:56,280 --> 00:18:59,860 On May 22, 1940, they decided on the isolated village 371 00:18:59,860 --> 00:19:02,013 of Bruly-de-Pesche in Belgium. 372 00:19:04,900 --> 00:19:06,500 Here is the head quarters today. 373 00:19:07,900 --> 00:19:10,000 It has hardly changed. 374 00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:12,493 At the time, it was a highly strategic site. 375 00:19:16,360 --> 00:19:19,180 It was very well located in the forest, 376 00:19:19,180 --> 00:19:21,190 easy to camouflage. 377 00:19:21,190 --> 00:19:22,670 It was at the French-Belgium border 378 00:19:22,670 --> 00:19:24,820 and just a few kilometers from the airport. 379 00:19:28,029 --> 00:19:29,800 Hitler's entourage quickly 380 00:19:29,800 --> 00:19:32,200 had three chalets built as lodgings and canteen 381 00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:33,350 for the dictator's men. 382 00:19:36,520 --> 00:19:38,240 As surprising as it may seem, 383 00:19:38,240 --> 00:19:40,883 they even dug a small pool in case of a heat wave, 384 00:19:44,630 --> 00:19:46,720 but for those in charge of Hitler's security, 385 00:19:46,720 --> 00:19:49,253 the most urgent consideration was a bomb shelter. 386 00:19:52,159 --> 00:19:53,140 (speaking foreign language) 387 00:19:53,140 --> 00:19:55,410 Very close to Hitler's own chalet, 388 00:19:55,410 --> 00:19:56,493 there was a bunker. 389 00:19:58,210 --> 00:20:01,010 It was a rainforest concrete cube, 390 00:20:01,010 --> 00:20:04,014 measuring seven meters by seven meters 391 00:20:04,014 --> 00:20:08,123 where he could take refuge if he came under air attack. 392 00:20:09,260 --> 00:20:11,430 And, to guarantee maximum security, 393 00:20:11,430 --> 00:20:13,170 all 28 neighboring villages 394 00:20:13,170 --> 00:20:15,003 were evacuated at the end of May. 395 00:20:16,560 --> 00:20:19,500 Mary Metens was 10 years old at the time. 396 00:20:19,500 --> 00:20:21,853 She still remembers that very unusual day. 397 00:20:23,262 --> 00:20:24,640 (speaking foreign language) 398 00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:26,190 About four o'clock in the afternoon 399 00:20:26,190 --> 00:20:27,570 two men came. 400 00:20:27,570 --> 00:20:28,820 They weren't very nice at all. 401 00:20:28,820 --> 00:20:30,940 I remember that very well, 402 00:20:30,940 --> 00:20:33,713 and they told us we had to leave in two hours. 403 00:20:35,360 --> 00:20:38,280 We were evacuated without knowing where we were going, 404 00:20:38,280 --> 00:20:40,973 and we were told not to come back, 405 00:20:41,870 --> 00:20:43,070 but we weren't told why. 406 00:20:44,082 --> 00:20:46,700 (speaking foreign language) 407 00:20:46,700 --> 00:20:49,014 They took a few of the local people hostage, 408 00:20:49,014 --> 00:20:52,840 about 80 or so, and said that they would 409 00:20:52,840 --> 00:20:55,639 pay with their lives if any of the evacuees 410 00:20:55,639 --> 00:20:57,373 tried to return. 411 00:20:58,460 --> 00:21:00,970 It was a threat, an extra bit of pressure 412 00:21:00,970 --> 00:21:02,583 put on the local people. 413 00:21:04,430 --> 00:21:07,670 On June 6, 1940, the dictator finally arrived 414 00:21:07,670 --> 00:21:10,943 in Bruly-de-Pesche, the site now being completely secure. 415 00:21:13,680 --> 00:21:15,410 It was in this school that Hitler directed 416 00:21:15,410 --> 00:21:16,913 military operations. 417 00:21:19,080 --> 00:21:21,113 Long tables were covered with maps. 418 00:21:22,409 --> 00:21:25,003 This is where the fate of France was decided. 419 00:21:30,249 --> 00:21:32,420 (dramatic music) 420 00:21:32,420 --> 00:21:33,940 After only two weeks of fighting, 421 00:21:33,940 --> 00:21:35,923 the dictator's efforts were rewarded. 422 00:21:37,288 --> 00:21:38,510 (crowd cheers) 423 00:21:38,510 --> 00:21:42,370 On June 17, 1940 Marshal Petain requested 424 00:21:42,370 --> 00:21:44,023 a cessation of hostilities. 425 00:21:45,140 --> 00:21:46,453 France was beaten. 426 00:21:47,400 --> 00:21:49,350 The fuhrer was jubilant. 427 00:21:49,350 --> 00:21:51,880 Hitler was completely euphoric. 428 00:21:51,880 --> 00:21:53,526 In six weeks, he'd achieved what Germany 429 00:21:53,526 --> 00:21:57,360 had failed to do in four years during the First World War, 430 00:21:57,360 --> 00:21:58,323 defeat France. 431 00:22:00,790 --> 00:22:02,650 The Nazi leader ordered his services 432 00:22:02,650 --> 00:22:05,300 to drop the conditions for the armistice immediately. 433 00:22:07,310 --> 00:22:08,350 It was done during the night 434 00:22:08,350 --> 00:22:12,508 of the 20th to the 21st of June, 1940 in this church. 435 00:22:12,508 --> 00:22:17,147 Historian Axel Tixhon is an expert on Bruly-de-Pesche. 436 00:22:19,153 --> 00:22:21,118 The atmosphere was a bit odd 437 00:22:21,118 --> 00:22:23,416 because they were writing it by candlelight 438 00:22:23,416 --> 00:22:27,210 since they had to be wary of possible air raids. 439 00:22:27,210 --> 00:22:29,477 This became the text that Hitler would impose 440 00:22:29,477 --> 00:22:31,523 on the French in Compiegne. 441 00:22:33,800 --> 00:22:35,770 Hitler summoned the representatives of France 442 00:22:35,770 --> 00:22:38,200 to Compiegne, to the same railway wagon 443 00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:39,500 in which the Germans had had to 444 00:22:39,500 --> 00:22:42,360 acknowledge their defeat in 1918. 445 00:22:42,360 --> 00:22:44,100 This victory was the dictator's revenge 446 00:22:44,100 --> 00:22:47,993 for the First World War, a dream come true. 447 00:22:48,912 --> 00:22:51,662 (dramatic music) 448 00:22:53,890 --> 00:22:56,283 Right after this, Hitler visited Paris. 449 00:22:57,540 --> 00:23:00,880 It was another dream of his to enter the French capital. 450 00:23:00,880 --> 00:23:03,233 He went there on the 23rd of June, 1940. 451 00:23:04,230 --> 00:23:06,860 The history books however, give us two different dates 452 00:23:06,860 --> 00:23:09,538 for Hitler's visit to Paris, making some writers conclude 453 00:23:09,538 --> 00:23:12,464 that he may have made two visits. 454 00:23:12,464 --> 00:23:15,214 (dramatic music) 455 00:23:16,880 --> 00:23:18,110 That isn't true. 456 00:23:18,110 --> 00:23:21,471 Hitler only visited Paris once, on the 23rd of June 457 00:23:21,471 --> 00:23:24,143 from 4:05 to nine in the morning. 458 00:23:26,240 --> 00:23:28,012 The dictator hurried to the Opera Garnier 459 00:23:28,012 --> 00:23:29,780 before stopping off for a photo 460 00:23:29,780 --> 00:23:31,123 opposite the Eiffel Tower, 461 00:23:33,262 --> 00:23:36,533 a very symbolic image which was seen around the world. 462 00:23:39,230 --> 00:23:41,840 From that moment on, the media started talking of Hitler 463 00:23:41,840 --> 00:23:44,013 as the greatest war leader of all time. 464 00:23:50,289 --> 00:23:53,039 (dramatic music) 465 00:23:55,270 --> 00:23:56,910 But, during the Battle of Britain, 466 00:23:56,910 --> 00:23:59,643 the German navy and air force were held in check. 467 00:24:00,801 --> 00:24:01,840 (speaking foreign language) 468 00:24:01,840 --> 00:24:04,420 Hitler would have much preferred a treaty 469 00:24:04,420 --> 00:24:07,300 with Great Britain rather than crushing it 470 00:24:07,300 --> 00:24:11,163 in a military victory, as he had done to France. 471 00:24:14,970 --> 00:24:18,040 But, the British were not about to cooperate. 472 00:24:18,040 --> 00:24:20,990 They responded to Germany's attacks with fierce resistance. 473 00:24:22,270 --> 00:24:25,640 This was his first setback of the Second World War. 474 00:24:25,640 --> 00:24:27,210 Right up until the beginning of July, 475 00:24:27,210 --> 00:24:29,060 Hitler was hoping that the UK would fall 476 00:24:29,060 --> 00:24:30,410 like a ripe piece of fruit. 477 00:24:31,990 --> 00:24:33,440 And, as the first British bombs 478 00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:35,200 start falling on German soil, 479 00:24:35,200 --> 00:24:36,480 Hitler was anxious to make sure 480 00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:38,853 his most precious possession was made safe. 481 00:24:41,800 --> 00:24:44,913 This, as unlikely as it might seem, was his art collection. 482 00:24:46,379 --> 00:24:48,530 (dramatic music) 483 00:24:48,530 --> 00:24:50,340 For several years, the dictator had been having 484 00:24:50,340 --> 00:24:52,710 a gigantic art museum built in Linz, 485 00:24:52,710 --> 00:24:55,060 the town in which he'd spent most of his youth. 486 00:24:56,020 --> 00:24:59,020 He planned to exhibit the most famous works of Europe there. 487 00:25:00,778 --> 00:25:03,730 (dramatic music) 488 00:25:03,730 --> 00:25:06,120 And, it was here, in the bowels of the Fuhrerbau, 489 00:25:06,120 --> 00:25:07,700 that he stored his treasure while he waited 490 00:25:07,700 --> 00:25:09,103 for his museum to be built. 491 00:25:13,330 --> 00:25:15,870 We went back to visit this rather unusual depot 492 00:25:15,870 --> 00:25:16,870 with Harald Sandner. 493 00:25:18,228 --> 00:25:20,652 The works of art were stored here. 494 00:25:20,652 --> 00:25:23,745 For Hitler, works of art were always more important 495 00:25:23,745 --> 00:25:25,283 than people's lives. 496 00:25:26,200 --> 00:25:27,990 During the war, he always regretted 497 00:25:27,990 --> 00:25:30,540 the destruction of museums and theaters, 498 00:25:30,540 --> 00:25:32,890 but he couldn't care less about people's lives. 499 00:25:37,630 --> 00:25:39,170 Around 700 works of art 500 00:25:39,170 --> 00:25:40,430 were stocked in these corridors 501 00:25:40,430 --> 00:25:43,153 and permanently guarded by SS men throughout the war. 502 00:25:46,064 --> 00:25:49,120 Most were paintings that had been confiscated 503 00:25:49,120 --> 00:25:51,090 or sold by force. 504 00:25:51,090 --> 00:25:53,100 Many had been pillaged by the German army 505 00:25:53,100 --> 00:25:54,593 in the occupied countries. 506 00:25:56,610 --> 00:25:59,423 Hitler was the world's greatest art thief. 507 00:26:00,830 --> 00:26:02,560 The dictator's purloined works of art 508 00:26:02,560 --> 00:26:05,003 would stay hidden here until 1945. 509 00:26:06,810 --> 00:26:10,053 Back in 1941, Hitler was busy waging his war. 510 00:26:11,460 --> 00:26:14,610 The time had finally come for him to realize another dream, 511 00:26:14,610 --> 00:26:16,690 that of annihilating Bolshevism, 512 00:26:16,690 --> 00:26:18,983 the mortal enemy of national socialism. 513 00:26:20,357 --> 00:26:23,107 (dramatic music) 514 00:26:28,821 --> 00:26:31,433 (explosions) 515 00:26:31,433 --> 00:26:34,490 On June 22, 1941, Hitler launched his offensive 516 00:26:34,490 --> 00:26:37,452 against the URSS, one of the greatest invasions 517 00:26:37,452 --> 00:26:39,073 in military history. 518 00:26:40,650 --> 00:26:45,383 Four million soldiers, 600,000 vehicles, and as many horses. 519 00:26:47,770 --> 00:26:50,130 Hitler was wary of fighting on two fronts, 520 00:26:50,130 --> 00:26:51,780 but he ended up giving the order. 521 00:26:54,170 --> 00:26:57,700 You have to realize that he was convinced 522 00:26:57,700 --> 00:26:59,900 of his own strategic genius 523 00:26:59,900 --> 00:27:02,759 and was sure he could defeat the Soviet Union 524 00:27:02,759 --> 00:27:06,800 with the same ease with which he had overrun France, 525 00:27:06,800 --> 00:27:08,433 meaning in just a few weeks. 526 00:27:10,960 --> 00:27:11,793 At this point, 527 00:27:11,793 --> 00:27:13,600 Hitler's idea was to deport the Jews 528 00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:15,283 into the conquered Soviet Union. 529 00:27:16,299 --> 00:27:19,543 This was the original plan of The Final Solution, 530 00:27:21,070 --> 00:27:22,230 but for three years now, 531 00:27:22,230 --> 00:27:25,003 the dictator had also been using the Einsatzgruppen. 532 00:27:28,100 --> 00:27:30,154 These were special units which followed the army, 533 00:27:30,154 --> 00:27:32,810 eliminating Jews and political opponents, 534 00:27:32,810 --> 00:27:34,563 like Soviet apparatchiks. 535 00:27:35,670 --> 00:27:39,313 These death squads now started carrying out mass executions. 536 00:27:40,833 --> 00:27:43,153 (speaking foreign language) 537 00:27:43,153 --> 00:27:44,150 At first it was just the men 538 00:27:44,150 --> 00:27:45,950 who were systematically killed, 539 00:27:45,950 --> 00:27:47,420 but then the women and children 540 00:27:47,420 --> 00:27:49,883 were increasingly included in these atrocities. 541 00:27:53,038 --> 00:27:57,750 40% of the Jews who would died in the Holocaust 542 00:27:57,750 --> 00:28:00,928 were killed in shooting operations. 543 00:28:00,928 --> 00:28:02,890 (dramatic music) 544 00:28:02,890 --> 00:28:04,870 At the front the dictator was winning 545 00:28:04,870 --> 00:28:06,173 victory after victory. 546 00:28:07,080 --> 00:28:09,940 He conquered Minsk and then Leningrad. 547 00:28:09,940 --> 00:28:12,220 In August 1941, he visited soldiers 548 00:28:12,220 --> 00:28:13,820 on the Eastern front in Ukraine. 549 00:28:15,300 --> 00:28:18,403 Entire swaths of territory were coming under Nazi control. 550 00:28:19,400 --> 00:28:22,073 Hitler was sure that Russia would fall before the winter. 551 00:28:23,860 --> 00:28:25,520 There was real enthusiasm 552 00:28:25,520 --> 00:28:28,600 during the summer and early autumn of 1941 553 00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:30,270 as the German troops advanced 554 00:28:30,270 --> 00:28:32,383 at incredible speed through Russia. 555 00:28:34,740 --> 00:28:37,070 But, now the dictator made a strategic decision 556 00:28:37,070 --> 00:28:38,470 which would cost him dearly. 557 00:28:41,040 --> 00:28:44,030 He decided to seize the agricultural, industrial, 558 00:28:44,030 --> 00:28:46,083 and oil resources of Southern Russia. 559 00:28:47,433 --> 00:28:50,240 (speaking foreign language) 560 00:28:50,240 --> 00:28:52,370 What's more, he had a furious showdown 561 00:28:52,370 --> 00:28:55,400 with some of his generals who wanted to head straight on 562 00:28:55,400 --> 00:28:57,025 and attack Moscow. 563 00:28:57,025 --> 00:29:01,480 (speaking foreign language) 564 00:29:01,480 --> 00:29:04,440 These discussions seriously slowed down the blitzkrieg, 565 00:29:04,440 --> 00:29:07,400 the lightning war, launched against the Soviet Union 566 00:29:07,400 --> 00:29:08,993 in July 1941. 567 00:29:11,840 --> 00:29:13,480 And, by the time the attack on Moscow 568 00:29:13,480 --> 00:29:16,563 began in October 1941, it was too late. 569 00:29:18,850 --> 00:29:21,440 The Weimar was overtaken by the winter. 570 00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:24,113 Temperatures as low as minus 30 degrees. 571 00:29:25,570 --> 00:29:27,460 The German soldiers were exhausted, 572 00:29:27,460 --> 00:29:28,820 and the Soviet counter offensive 573 00:29:28,820 --> 00:29:30,770 drove them back hundreds of kilometers. 574 00:29:34,349 --> 00:29:36,230 It really is a major setback. 575 00:29:36,230 --> 00:29:38,185 The Soviet Union has not collapsed. 576 00:29:38,185 --> 00:29:39,550 It's fighting back. 577 00:29:39,550 --> 00:29:41,560 It seems to have limitless resources 578 00:29:41,560 --> 00:29:44,410 and far more men and equipment than anyone had suspected. 579 00:29:46,980 --> 00:29:48,110 Hitler held his generals 580 00:29:48,110 --> 00:29:49,653 responsible for this debacle. 581 00:29:50,590 --> 00:29:51,930 Since the beginning of the war, 582 00:29:51,930 --> 00:29:55,698 he'd been highly suspicious of his military top brass. 583 00:29:55,698 --> 00:29:57,976 The battle for Moscow marked a turning point 584 00:29:57,976 --> 00:30:00,358 in his relations with them. 585 00:30:00,358 --> 00:30:01,320 (speaking foreign language) 586 00:30:01,320 --> 00:30:04,078 Hitler had never really trusted his generals. 587 00:30:04,078 --> 00:30:06,470 He despised them because they had 588 00:30:06,470 --> 00:30:09,150 advised against the French campaign, 589 00:30:09,150 --> 00:30:11,190 and now he blamed them for the failure 590 00:30:11,190 --> 00:30:15,170 of the Great Offensive of the summer of 1941. 591 00:30:15,170 --> 00:30:17,680 Hitler always had this tendency to blame others 592 00:30:17,680 --> 00:30:19,073 for his own failures. 593 00:30:21,100 --> 00:30:22,860 To cover up for his own mistakes, 594 00:30:22,860 --> 00:30:25,440 the dictator dismissed 30 of his generals, 595 00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:27,230 including Walther von Brauchitsch, 596 00:30:27,230 --> 00:30:29,630 the commander and chief of the German land army. 597 00:30:31,640 --> 00:30:33,090 Hitler now assumed this function 598 00:30:33,090 --> 00:30:34,720 along with that of supreme commander 599 00:30:34,720 --> 00:30:36,236 of all the armed forces. 600 00:30:36,236 --> 00:30:38,986 (dramatic music) 601 00:30:44,450 --> 00:30:47,230 From June 1941, the dictator was hunkered down 602 00:30:47,230 --> 00:30:50,008 in his Polish headquarters, located six kilometers 603 00:30:50,008 --> 00:30:51,493 from Rastenburg. 604 00:30:53,830 --> 00:30:56,280 It was from this vast complex of bunkers and tunnels 605 00:30:56,280 --> 00:30:58,030 that he directed the war in Russia. 606 00:31:01,010 --> 00:31:04,803 The place had the codename Wolfsschanze, or wolf's lair. 607 00:31:06,950 --> 00:31:08,930 The fuhrer would remain based at this headquarters 608 00:31:08,930 --> 00:31:10,183 for over two years. 609 00:31:11,470 --> 00:31:12,620 This was the opposite 610 00:31:12,620 --> 00:31:15,273 of what Hitler had done up until this point. 611 00:31:15,273 --> 00:31:17,280 He'd never stayed in the same place, 612 00:31:17,280 --> 00:31:20,331 but this became his Second World War trench. 613 00:31:20,331 --> 00:31:23,990 This hunkering down showed that he was losing control, 614 00:31:23,990 --> 00:31:26,543 no longer able to wage his mobile war. 615 00:31:28,220 --> 00:31:29,710 Being so close to the fighting 616 00:31:29,710 --> 00:31:32,360 meant that more elaborate surveillance was necessary. 617 00:31:33,720 --> 00:31:36,963 Located deep in the forest, the site security was extreme. 618 00:31:38,820 --> 00:31:41,166 It was very well protected. 619 00:31:41,166 --> 00:31:45,408 All around there was a minefield with 50,000 mines, 620 00:31:45,408 --> 00:31:49,504 there were the natural obstacles of lakes and swamps, 621 00:31:49,504 --> 00:31:52,806 and the entire site was fenced in. 622 00:31:52,806 --> 00:31:56,473 (speaking foreign language) 623 00:31:58,040 --> 00:31:59,510 Watchtowers were set up, 624 00:31:59,510 --> 00:32:02,283 and trenches were dug to dissuade approaching enemies. 625 00:32:04,060 --> 00:32:05,950 The 50 or so buildings and bunkers 626 00:32:05,950 --> 00:32:08,850 were protected by machine gun posts and searchlights 627 00:32:08,850 --> 00:32:11,123 camouflaged by the surrounding vegetation. 628 00:32:12,460 --> 00:32:14,803 Everything was thought out to the last detail. 629 00:32:16,400 --> 00:32:18,170 (speaking foreign language) 630 00:32:18,170 --> 00:32:19,430 Hitler was always wary 631 00:32:19,430 --> 00:32:21,270 of a threat from the inside. 632 00:32:21,270 --> 00:32:23,730 It was easy to imagine a commando operation 633 00:32:23,730 --> 00:32:26,140 against his lair, so there was a succession 634 00:32:26,140 --> 00:32:28,720 of security checkpoints to get past. 635 00:32:28,720 --> 00:32:31,663 It was extremely difficult to reach Hitler. 636 00:32:32,606 --> 00:32:36,070 (suspenseful music) 637 00:32:36,070 --> 00:32:37,960 Around 6,000 lived at this site 638 00:32:37,960 --> 00:32:39,393 on a permanent basis. 639 00:32:41,390 --> 00:32:44,050 While thousands of soldiers were dying on the frontline, 640 00:32:44,050 --> 00:32:46,790 Hitler's entourage here enjoyed various facilities 641 00:32:46,790 --> 00:32:50,770 for their relaxation, a cinema for example, 642 00:32:50,770 --> 00:32:51,750 but that wasn't all. 643 00:32:51,750 --> 00:32:55,520 You had a sauna because of the troops and so on 644 00:32:55,520 --> 00:32:56,420 like to sauna. 645 00:32:56,420 --> 00:32:58,720 Hitler would never go into a sauna, of course. 646 00:33:00,380 --> 00:33:01,490 As a general rule, 647 00:33:01,490 --> 00:33:03,513 the dictator rarely got up before noon. 648 00:33:04,840 --> 00:33:08,770 He would then get to work, making his military decisions. 649 00:33:08,770 --> 00:33:10,550 Finally at about two in the morning 650 00:33:10,550 --> 00:33:13,010 he would indulge in the ritual of taking tea 651 00:33:13,010 --> 00:33:16,450 with his favorite secretaries while talking about himself. 652 00:33:20,650 --> 00:33:21,483 Hitler's monologues 653 00:33:21,483 --> 00:33:24,400 became increasingly unbearable for his entourage. 654 00:33:24,400 --> 00:33:27,680 It was always the same thing. 655 00:33:27,680 --> 00:33:30,360 The secretaries took turns listening to him. 656 00:33:30,360 --> 00:33:32,440 They had no choice, of course. 657 00:33:32,440 --> 00:33:33,950 It was Hitler's way of switching off 658 00:33:33,950 --> 00:33:35,323 from the war for a while. 659 00:33:38,050 --> 00:33:40,020 By this stage, Hitler had understood 660 00:33:40,020 --> 00:33:41,414 that the invasion of the USSR 661 00:33:41,414 --> 00:33:43,563 would be harder than he had first thought. 662 00:33:44,530 --> 00:33:46,440 He gave up on his plan of deporting the Jews 663 00:33:46,440 --> 00:33:48,730 to the occupied Soviet Union, 664 00:33:48,730 --> 00:33:51,720 and it was in Poland in the autumn of 1941 665 00:33:51,720 --> 00:33:54,670 that he hatched his definitive plan for the Final Solution. 666 00:33:58,996 --> 00:34:01,610 (dramatic music) 667 00:34:01,610 --> 00:34:04,270 The fate of millions of Jews was sealed once and for all 668 00:34:04,270 --> 00:34:07,963 on January 20, 1942 at Wannsee Conference. 669 00:34:09,030 --> 00:34:12,530 At the end of this meeting, organized by Reinhard Heydrich, 670 00:34:12,530 --> 00:34:15,840 Hitler's right hand man and boss of the Einsatzgruppen, 671 00:34:15,840 --> 00:34:18,070 a report was drawn up of the number of Jews 672 00:34:18,070 --> 00:34:20,403 to be exterminated, 11 million. 673 00:34:21,754 --> 00:34:24,160 (speaking foreign language) 674 00:34:24,160 --> 00:34:26,771 Following the Wannsee Conference, 675 00:34:26,771 --> 00:34:30,410 the Jews in Europe were methodically rounded up 676 00:34:33,294 --> 00:34:36,223 and then channeled towards murder factories. 677 00:34:38,450 --> 00:34:40,120 These were extermination centers 678 00:34:40,120 --> 00:34:42,970 designed to eliminate Jews within hours of their arrival. 679 00:34:46,384 --> 00:34:48,670 Hitler believed in the virtues 680 00:34:48,670 --> 00:34:50,710 of a Jewish genocide. 681 00:34:50,710 --> 00:34:52,130 He was sure that if he carried out 682 00:34:52,130 --> 00:34:53,886 a mass extermination of the Jews, 683 00:34:53,886 --> 00:34:56,457 he could regain the geo-political advantage 684 00:34:56,457 --> 00:35:00,053 since the Jews were helping all of Germany's enemies. 685 00:35:03,625 --> 00:35:04,950 In the spring of 1942, 686 00:35:04,950 --> 00:35:06,509 the selections for Auschwitz began 687 00:35:06,509 --> 00:35:09,453 with a streamlining of the extermination process. 688 00:35:10,667 --> 00:35:12,430 The weakest were sent 689 00:35:12,430 --> 00:35:14,513 directly on arrival to the gas chambers. 690 00:35:16,880 --> 00:35:19,580 Hitler himself never set foot in a concentration camp. 691 00:35:20,907 --> 00:35:23,410 Hitler never directly witnessed 692 00:35:23,410 --> 00:35:26,174 the consequences of what he set in motion. 693 00:35:26,174 --> 00:35:28,633 He never once visited a concentration camp, 694 00:35:29,580 --> 00:35:31,053 unlike Himmler. 695 00:35:33,049 --> 00:35:35,799 (dramatic music) 696 00:35:39,799 --> 00:35:41,010 In the summer of 1942, 697 00:35:41,010 --> 00:35:43,863 Hitler moved his headquarters to Vinnytsia in Ukraine. 698 00:35:46,570 --> 00:35:49,110 It was from this camp of log cabins that he gave the order 699 00:35:49,110 --> 00:35:50,963 to his troops to take Stalingrad. 700 00:35:54,130 --> 00:35:56,950 The fighting was intense, and from November onwards, 701 00:35:56,950 --> 00:35:59,053 the situation rapidly deteriorated. 702 00:36:00,750 --> 00:36:02,820 Within a few months, the German Sixth Army 703 00:36:02,820 --> 00:36:05,053 was surrounded by 90 Soviet divisions. 704 00:36:06,170 --> 00:36:09,230 They were hemmed in right to the end. 705 00:36:09,230 --> 00:36:11,800 They were starving, they had no food, 706 00:36:11,800 --> 00:36:13,313 no ammunition, nothing. 707 00:36:15,666 --> 00:36:17,580 From this point on, the great weaknesses 708 00:36:17,580 --> 00:36:19,933 in Hitler's strategic planning became apparent. 709 00:36:21,660 --> 00:36:23,110 The failure of the invasion 710 00:36:23,110 --> 00:36:26,260 of the Soviet Union revealed his flaws, 711 00:36:26,260 --> 00:36:29,340 showing that he was just a mediocre war leader, 712 00:36:29,340 --> 00:36:31,743 not the military genius he though he was. 713 00:36:33,210 --> 00:36:35,580 What he have here is an individual 714 00:36:35,580 --> 00:36:38,170 hunkering down in the bunker of his HQ, 715 00:36:38,170 --> 00:36:40,250 increasingly cut off from the realities of the war 716 00:36:40,250 --> 00:36:42,010 on the ground, but who's nevertheless 717 00:36:42,010 --> 00:36:43,773 delegating less and less. 718 00:36:45,676 --> 00:36:47,490 On February 2, 1943, 719 00:36:47,490 --> 00:36:50,703 the 330,000 German soldiers finally surrendered. 720 00:36:51,569 --> 00:36:54,633 It was the first capitulation by the German army. 721 00:36:55,519 --> 00:36:58,152 The defeated Stalingrad was a turning point 722 00:36:58,152 --> 00:37:01,263 and the beginning of the end for the great war leader. 723 00:37:07,860 --> 00:37:10,680 Not long after the defeat, Hitler left his headquarters 724 00:37:10,680 --> 00:37:12,833 and went to Saint Florian Abbey in Austria. 725 00:37:15,290 --> 00:37:17,270 Here he took part in a religious ceremony 726 00:37:17,270 --> 00:37:18,993 with his closest collaborators. 727 00:37:21,050 --> 00:37:22,730 Harald Sandner has discovered 728 00:37:22,730 --> 00:37:25,630 this previously unseen photograph taken of the dictator 729 00:37:25,630 --> 00:37:26,623 during this event. 730 00:37:30,450 --> 00:37:32,270 He wanted to show us the exact spot, 731 00:37:32,270 --> 00:37:33,673 now loaded with symbolism. 732 00:37:35,998 --> 00:37:38,430 Adolf Hitler sat right here 733 00:37:38,430 --> 00:37:41,264 on the 4th of April, 1943. 734 00:37:41,264 --> 00:37:42,690 They had set out two rows of chairs 735 00:37:42,690 --> 00:37:44,323 for him and his entourage. 736 00:37:45,920 --> 00:37:47,220 The body language of the fuhrer 737 00:37:47,220 --> 00:37:49,393 speaks volumes about his state of mind. 738 00:37:50,250 --> 00:37:53,303 The battle for Stalingrad seems to have affected him deeply. 739 00:37:54,534 --> 00:37:56,227 (speaking foreign language) 740 00:37:56,227 --> 00:37:57,060 In this photo, 741 00:37:57,060 --> 00:37:58,260 he's letting his inner feelings show, 742 00:37:58,260 --> 00:37:59,973 something he never did as fuhrer. 743 00:38:00,992 --> 00:38:03,120 He is pensive and withdrawn. 744 00:38:03,120 --> 00:38:07,903 I'm sure that at this point, he knew the war was lost. 745 00:38:10,530 --> 00:38:12,070 Once the ceremony was over, 746 00:38:12,070 --> 00:38:14,250 Hitler went to Linz, the town where he had spent 747 00:38:14,250 --> 00:38:15,163 most of his youth. 748 00:38:16,420 --> 00:38:18,510 He didn't know it, but this was the last time 749 00:38:18,510 --> 00:38:19,723 he would ever go there. 750 00:38:24,028 --> 00:38:26,778 (dramatic music) 751 00:38:27,950 --> 00:38:30,743 Germany was now under heavy attack by the Allies. 752 00:38:33,100 --> 00:38:35,200 Hitler was back in his Polish headquarters, 753 00:38:35,200 --> 00:38:37,350 and the bad news poured in from everywhere. 754 00:38:39,890 --> 00:38:41,410 Germany was being bombed, 755 00:38:41,410 --> 00:38:43,370 entire cities were being destroyed, 756 00:38:43,370 --> 00:38:45,670 and the civilian casualties were considerable. 757 00:38:47,020 --> 00:38:48,190 That didn't bother him. 758 00:38:48,190 --> 00:38:49,990 They were only buildings of people. 759 00:38:49,990 --> 00:38:51,383 They were of no importance. 760 00:38:52,317 --> 00:38:54,150 What did bother him however, 761 00:38:54,150 --> 00:38:57,160 was the Allied landings in Normandy on June 6, 1944. 762 00:39:00,217 --> 00:39:04,030 130,000 men came across the channel from England. 763 00:39:04,030 --> 00:39:06,840 Within 24 hours, they'd broken through the German lines 764 00:39:06,840 --> 00:39:08,973 and outflanked the defending forces. 765 00:39:10,160 --> 00:39:11,320 There's a success. 766 00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:13,370 Hitler again is furious as always, 767 00:39:13,370 --> 00:39:14,900 furious about his generals. 768 00:39:14,900 --> 00:39:17,610 They're not strong enough, they're not tough enough. 769 00:39:17,610 --> 00:39:21,230 He continues however, to believe in this fantasy world 770 00:39:21,230 --> 00:39:23,863 in which things will turn around. 771 00:39:24,870 --> 00:39:26,423 At the time, Hitler was developing 772 00:39:26,423 --> 00:39:28,643 technologically advanced weapons. 773 00:39:29,650 --> 00:39:32,080 For years, German scientists had been working 774 00:39:32,080 --> 00:39:34,470 on long range missiles which would be a booster 775 00:39:34,470 --> 00:39:36,310 for German morale and maybe even 776 00:39:36,310 --> 00:39:38,023 break the enemy's resistance. 777 00:39:40,830 --> 00:39:44,330 The first such rocket was fired at London on September 8th, 778 00:39:44,330 --> 00:39:45,850 and the dictator had every intention 779 00:39:45,850 --> 00:39:47,023 of going even further. 780 00:39:48,840 --> 00:39:50,430 They were working on the atom bomb, 781 00:39:50,430 --> 00:39:52,710 so there's a huge number of very advanced 782 00:39:52,710 --> 00:39:54,040 military technologies. 783 00:39:54,040 --> 00:39:58,508 People believed in these wunderwaffe, these miracle weapons. 784 00:39:58,508 --> 00:40:00,780 (explosions) 785 00:40:00,780 --> 00:40:02,740 The German Reich was gradually being surrounded 786 00:40:02,740 --> 00:40:04,743 by the Soviet and Allied forces, 787 00:40:06,230 --> 00:40:08,730 so Hitler launched one last offensive in the west, 788 00:40:10,010 --> 00:40:11,210 the Battle of the Bulge. 789 00:40:15,460 --> 00:40:18,300 This was a counterattack on the French-Belgium border, 790 00:40:18,300 --> 00:40:20,220 aimed at showing that Germany was still standing 791 00:40:20,220 --> 00:40:21,743 and still determined. 792 00:40:24,337 --> 00:40:25,280 (speaking foreign language) 793 00:40:25,280 --> 00:40:26,761 It was a totally desperate move 794 00:40:26,761 --> 00:40:29,081 and had no support from the German generals 795 00:40:29,081 --> 00:40:31,680 because the army had no resources left, 796 00:40:31,680 --> 00:40:35,790 either human or logistical, with which to fight the Allies, 797 00:40:35,790 --> 00:40:39,410 especially in the sky which was totally controlled 798 00:40:39,410 --> 00:40:40,503 by the Allies. 799 00:40:42,940 --> 00:40:45,600 The chances were slim or nonexistent 800 00:40:45,600 --> 00:40:47,713 of their turning the tide in the West. 801 00:40:53,530 --> 00:40:56,290 As the dictator went from setback to setback, 802 00:40:56,290 --> 00:40:58,183 his health was in serious decline. 803 00:41:00,140 --> 00:41:02,080 He suffered from cardiac problems 804 00:41:02,080 --> 00:41:04,623 and was showing the first symptoms of Parkinson's. 805 00:41:05,700 --> 00:41:08,050 Theodore Morell, who had been his personal physician 806 00:41:08,050 --> 00:41:11,629 since 1935, was never far away. 807 00:41:11,629 --> 00:41:13,385 (speaking foreign language) 808 00:41:13,385 --> 00:41:15,370 He was taking up to 28 medicines day, 809 00:41:15,370 --> 00:41:17,283 or the equivalent in injections. 810 00:41:18,129 --> 00:41:20,750 He'd have shots to pick him up 811 00:41:20,750 --> 00:41:22,163 and others to calm him down. 812 00:41:23,170 --> 00:41:26,173 He was afraid of dying before he achieved his goal. 813 00:41:28,230 --> 00:41:30,050 At the beginning of 1945, 814 00:41:30,050 --> 00:41:31,750 he left his headquarters in Poland 815 00:41:31,750 --> 00:41:33,400 to return to the capital, Berlin. 816 00:41:35,940 --> 00:41:37,840 He still thought he could win the war. 817 00:41:40,810 --> 00:41:42,110 He was hoping that the coalition 818 00:41:42,110 --> 00:41:44,833 between the Allies and the Russians would break down. 819 00:41:55,030 --> 00:41:57,590 It was now March 1945. 820 00:41:57,590 --> 00:41:59,963 The bombing of the German capital intensified. 821 00:42:01,150 --> 00:42:03,960 The dictator buried himself eight meters underground 822 00:42:03,960 --> 00:42:07,523 in his Fuhrerbunker, a complex of 20 underground rooms 823 00:42:07,523 --> 00:42:09,823 built to withstand air raids. 824 00:42:11,410 --> 00:42:14,160 (dramatic music) 825 00:42:15,350 --> 00:42:17,650 The outer walls were nearly four meters thick, 826 00:42:19,250 --> 00:42:22,223 and the ceiling was concrete reinforced with metal beams. 827 00:42:24,970 --> 00:42:26,763 It was all but indestructible. 828 00:42:29,242 --> 00:42:31,640 This is a model of the fuhrer's bunker 829 00:42:31,640 --> 00:42:34,820 in the garden of the Berlin Reich chancellery. 830 00:42:34,820 --> 00:42:36,828 Hitler and Eva Braun lived in six rooms, 831 00:42:36,828 --> 00:42:40,943 each with their own bedroom, one for Eva and one for Hitler. 832 00:42:44,477 --> 00:42:46,960 An important room was the command center 833 00:42:46,960 --> 00:42:48,560 where a daily briefing was held. 834 00:42:52,870 --> 00:42:55,593 Hitler directed the end of the war from here. 835 00:42:56,770 --> 00:42:59,360 Across from the rooms reserved for the dictator, 836 00:42:59,360 --> 00:43:00,870 the six other rooms were taken up 837 00:43:00,870 --> 00:43:02,840 by his closest collaborators, 838 00:43:02,840 --> 00:43:05,020 his personal physician, Theodore Morell 839 00:43:05,020 --> 00:43:07,770 and Goebbels, his minister of propaganda, 840 00:43:07,770 --> 00:43:10,100 but also the maintenance staff. 841 00:43:10,100 --> 00:43:11,950 10 or so other people lived with him. 842 00:43:15,000 --> 00:43:16,710 Legend has it that there were many tunnels 843 00:43:16,710 --> 00:43:18,010 leading out of the bunker. 844 00:43:20,480 --> 00:43:23,030 None of this was true, according to the historians. 845 00:43:23,927 --> 00:43:25,157 (speaking foreign language) 846 00:43:25,157 --> 00:43:26,610 All the rumors about secret tunnels 847 00:43:26,610 --> 00:43:28,960 linking it to the metro or Tempelhof Airport 848 00:43:28,960 --> 00:43:30,573 are just that, rumors. 849 00:43:34,515 --> 00:43:37,327 The bunker had no other exits than the main one 850 00:43:37,327 --> 00:43:39,563 and the emergency exit into the garden. 851 00:43:43,340 --> 00:43:45,813 But, the dictator rarely left the bunker. 852 00:43:47,370 --> 00:43:50,530 The red army was carving a path straight to Berlin. 853 00:43:50,530 --> 00:43:51,763 Nowhere was safe. 854 00:43:53,509 --> 00:43:56,176 (ominous music) 855 00:43:59,540 --> 00:44:02,704 On April 11, 1945, the Americans liberated 856 00:44:02,704 --> 00:44:04,910 Buchenwald concentration camp, 857 00:44:04,910 --> 00:44:07,763 discovering its unspeakable horror. 858 00:44:09,700 --> 00:44:12,530 They decided to march the local villagers through the camp 859 00:44:12,530 --> 00:44:15,300 to see what atrocities the Nazi regime had been committing 860 00:44:15,300 --> 00:44:16,303 right next door. 861 00:44:17,740 --> 00:44:21,040 They were deeply shocked and of course distressed by this, 862 00:44:21,040 --> 00:44:23,570 but in fact they knew, of course, that there was a camp. 863 00:44:23,570 --> 00:44:25,123 They knew about the extermination 864 00:44:25,123 --> 00:44:29,330 because by spring of 1942, if you wanted to find out 865 00:44:29,330 --> 00:44:33,040 about the extermination of the Jews, you could do it. 866 00:44:33,040 --> 00:44:35,743 Almost 56,000 died in the camp. 867 00:44:38,560 --> 00:44:41,410 The Russians were pushing into Berlin in their thousands. 868 00:44:43,470 --> 00:44:45,453 Hitler raged when he heard the news. 869 00:44:47,724 --> 00:44:49,280 (speaking foreign language) 870 00:44:49,280 --> 00:44:51,393 At a briefing on the afternoon of April 22nd, 871 00:44:51,393 --> 00:44:55,224 Hitler learned that no troops would be coming to his rescue. 872 00:44:55,224 --> 00:44:56,896 For the first time, he had to acknowledge 873 00:44:56,896 --> 00:44:58,723 that the war was over. 874 00:45:00,101 --> 00:45:02,632 He announced that if such were the case, 875 00:45:02,632 --> 00:45:04,513 he would shoot himself. 876 00:45:09,270 --> 00:45:11,330 Even today, many documentaries claim 877 00:45:11,330 --> 00:45:14,330 that this is the last photograph ever taken of Adolf Hitler. 878 00:45:16,850 --> 00:45:17,963 This is not so. 879 00:45:20,046 --> 00:45:21,533 (speaking foreign language) 880 00:45:21,533 --> 00:45:23,290 That's not true, of course. 881 00:45:23,290 --> 00:45:26,350 The actual last photo of Hitler was taken on April 20th, 882 00:45:26,350 --> 00:45:29,463 his birthday, in the ruins of the Reich chancellery. 883 00:45:32,910 --> 00:45:35,120 The historians are unanimous. 884 00:45:35,120 --> 00:45:38,760 This is definitely the last photograph of the dictator. 885 00:45:38,760 --> 00:45:40,080 He is seen in the company of 886 00:45:40,080 --> 00:45:42,313 his chief aide and adjutant, Julius Schaub, 887 00:45:43,406 --> 00:45:45,260 who was ordered the following day to go to Berghof 888 00:45:45,260 --> 00:45:47,603 to destroy all of Hitler's personal papers. 889 00:45:53,460 --> 00:45:55,780 (dramatic music) 890 00:45:55,780 --> 00:45:59,363 April 1945, Berlin was completely surrounded. 891 00:46:01,150 --> 00:46:03,470 Hitler heard that his most loyal collaborator, 892 00:46:03,470 --> 00:46:06,123 Heinrich Himmler, was negotiating with the enemy. 893 00:46:08,240 --> 00:46:11,203 This provoked a fit of rage and made up his mind for him. 894 00:46:15,490 --> 00:46:16,660 In the gloom of the bunker, 895 00:46:16,660 --> 00:46:19,470 he married his longstanding companion, Eva Braun, 896 00:46:19,470 --> 00:46:21,003 in the strictest privacy. 897 00:46:22,926 --> 00:46:25,411 (speaking foreign language) 898 00:46:25,411 --> 00:46:26,280 The ceremony took place 899 00:46:26,280 --> 00:46:30,253 during the night of April 28th to 29th in the bunker. 900 00:46:31,332 --> 00:46:34,030 You have to imagine the scene. 901 00:46:34,030 --> 00:46:35,570 It was dark. 902 00:46:35,570 --> 00:46:37,850 The lights were flickering and often going out 903 00:46:37,850 --> 00:46:39,490 because of the air raids. 904 00:46:39,490 --> 00:46:40,870 Everyone was tense. 905 00:46:40,870 --> 00:46:42,410 It was damp and moldy. 906 00:46:42,410 --> 00:46:43,670 It stank. 907 00:46:43,670 --> 00:46:45,253 It wasn't glamorous at all. 908 00:46:47,423 --> 00:46:49,550 (dramatic music) 909 00:46:49,550 --> 00:46:51,070 Shortly after the ceremony, 910 00:46:51,070 --> 00:46:53,600 Hitler drew up his political will and testament. 911 00:46:53,600 --> 00:46:54,513 This is a copy. 912 00:46:56,015 --> 00:46:58,104 Hitler's political will and testament 913 00:46:58,104 --> 00:47:01,378 of April 29th is one of the most terrifying documents 914 00:47:01,378 --> 00:47:03,790 in the history of humanity. 915 00:47:03,790 --> 00:47:08,030 These few pages sum up the entire Nazi ideology and madness 916 00:47:08,030 --> 00:47:11,403 which brought about the deaths of 50 to 60 million people. 917 00:47:13,780 --> 00:47:14,730 But, there was no mention 918 00:47:14,730 --> 00:47:16,093 of the number of victims. 919 00:47:19,430 --> 00:47:20,953 Once again, the dictator lambasted 920 00:47:20,953 --> 00:47:24,650 the officers of the German army for letting him down, 921 00:47:24,650 --> 00:47:26,944 but also the German people who, in his eyes, 922 00:47:26,944 --> 00:47:28,723 hadn't shown enough fight. 923 00:47:29,810 --> 00:47:32,170 They were all responsible for the defeat, 924 00:47:32,170 --> 00:47:33,773 the Jews most of all. 925 00:47:36,742 --> 00:47:40,460 (speaking foreign language) 926 00:47:40,460 --> 00:47:41,950 He explains that it was one of his 927 00:47:41,950 --> 00:47:44,000 greatest achievements to have exterminated 928 00:47:44,000 --> 00:47:45,740 such a large number of Jews, 929 00:47:45,740 --> 00:47:48,900 and he asks his successors to continue this policy 930 00:47:48,900 --> 00:47:49,823 of mass murder. 931 00:47:51,690 --> 00:47:54,450 It's impossible to claim that Hitler 932 00:47:54,450 --> 00:47:57,690 didn't want the Holocaust and knew nothing about it. 933 00:47:57,690 --> 00:48:00,763 He knew everything and openly admitted it. 934 00:48:03,490 --> 00:48:05,860 In all, six million Jews were exterminated 935 00:48:05,860 --> 00:48:08,113 in the Nazi concentration and death camps. 936 00:48:12,585 --> 00:48:14,560 (dramatic music) 937 00:48:14,560 --> 00:48:18,150 On April 30, 1945 (gunshot fires) 938 00:48:18,150 --> 00:48:19,750 Hitler killed himself in his office 939 00:48:19,750 --> 00:48:20,750 in the Fuhrerbunker. 940 00:48:24,370 --> 00:48:26,283 Eva Hitler died at his side, 941 00:48:29,210 --> 00:48:31,723 but the dictator's itinerary doesn't end there. 942 00:48:32,930 --> 00:48:34,900 Only 30 minutes after he died, 943 00:48:34,900 --> 00:48:37,400 his body was taken outside and burnt in the garden 944 00:48:37,400 --> 00:48:40,650 of the Reich chancellery by his valet, Heinz Linge, 945 00:48:40,650 --> 00:48:42,903 as per his master's last request. 946 00:48:45,799 --> 00:48:47,930 Hitler didn't want his body 947 00:48:47,930 --> 00:48:50,290 to suffer the same fate as that of Mussolini 948 00:48:52,362 --> 00:48:55,390 which was mutilated and hung upside down 949 00:48:55,390 --> 00:48:56,973 at a gas station in Milan. 950 00:48:58,940 --> 00:49:01,890 His body was doused in gasoline and ignited, 951 00:49:02,730 --> 00:49:05,940 but since all of those involved got out of there in a hurry 952 00:49:05,940 --> 00:49:09,010 they didn't make sure that he was reduced to ashes, 953 00:49:09,010 --> 00:49:11,673 and his remains were found by Soviet soldiers. 954 00:49:13,830 --> 00:49:14,710 But, no one was able 955 00:49:14,710 --> 00:49:17,783 to identify the burnt corpse as being that of the dictator. 956 00:49:20,980 --> 00:49:23,830 To be quite sure, Stalin ordered a thorough analysis 957 00:49:23,830 --> 00:49:26,530 of the remains here in the northern quarter of Berlin. 958 00:49:28,190 --> 00:49:29,270 After the autopsy, 959 00:49:29,270 --> 00:49:31,844 they were able to identify the body as being Hitler's, 960 00:49:31,844 --> 00:49:34,543 thanks to a close examination of his teeth. 961 00:49:35,954 --> 00:49:37,997 It was vital information 962 00:49:37,997 --> 00:49:40,150 which Stalin and his secret services 963 00:49:40,150 --> 00:49:41,763 hid from the world for years. 964 00:49:43,470 --> 00:49:46,163 Historians have several hypotheses as to why. 965 00:49:47,500 --> 00:49:51,060 I think it's because he wanted to sow doubt and confusion 966 00:49:51,060 --> 00:49:52,750 among the Western Allies, 967 00:49:52,750 --> 00:49:55,180 and he wanted justification for a tough policy 968 00:49:55,180 --> 00:49:58,965 towards post-war Germany built on the fear 969 00:49:58,965 --> 00:50:02,980 that Hitler would come back like Napoleon had done 970 00:50:02,980 --> 00:50:05,002 and start it all over again. 971 00:50:05,002 --> 00:50:06,960 Stalin said nothing about it 972 00:50:06,960 --> 00:50:08,996 at the Potsdam Conference which took place 973 00:50:08,996 --> 00:50:13,996 from July 31st to August 2nd, 1945. 974 00:50:14,197 --> 00:50:16,793 In fact, the blatantly lied. 975 00:50:18,610 --> 00:50:20,250 You have to remember that the Cold War 976 00:50:20,250 --> 00:50:21,903 had already begun at this point. 977 00:50:23,240 --> 00:50:24,160 And his successors, 978 00:50:24,160 --> 00:50:26,960 Khrushchev and Brezhnev, remained trapped in the lie 979 00:50:26,960 --> 00:50:30,420 until 1968 when Brezhnev finally released 980 00:50:30,420 --> 00:50:31,653 the autopsy report. 981 00:50:34,790 --> 00:50:35,623 While the Allies 982 00:50:35,623 --> 00:50:37,480 searched all over Europe for Hitler, 983 00:50:37,480 --> 00:50:39,617 his remains were taken on a veritable odyssey 984 00:50:39,617 --> 00:50:41,660 (dramatic music) 985 00:50:41,660 --> 00:50:44,040 being buried and dug up again nine times 986 00:50:44,040 --> 00:50:46,640 before ending up here at a Russian barracks 987 00:50:46,640 --> 00:50:47,743 in northern Germany, 988 00:50:51,690 --> 00:50:55,163 Beideritz by Magdeburg, April 4, 1970. 989 00:50:57,570 --> 00:50:59,060 His remains were incinerated 990 00:50:59,060 --> 00:51:00,990 and then thrown off this bridge. 991 00:51:00,990 --> 00:51:03,940 Harald Sandner took these photos of this little known spot. 992 00:51:05,809 --> 00:51:07,130 (speaking foreign language) 993 00:51:07,130 --> 00:51:08,950 All that remains of Hitler today 994 00:51:08,950 --> 00:51:13,173 are his teeth in Moscow. 995 00:51:14,690 --> 00:51:17,400 25 years after the end of the Second World War, 996 00:51:17,400 --> 00:51:22,060 this is where the itinerary of Adolf Hitler finally ended. 997 00:51:22,060 --> 00:51:24,870 Hitler's 12 years in power was one of the most 998 00:51:24,870 --> 00:51:29,080 destructive and negative periods in the whole of history, 999 00:51:29,080 --> 00:51:31,153 if not the most destructive. 1000 00:51:32,187 --> 00:51:34,160 Tens of millions dead 1001 00:51:34,160 --> 00:51:38,790 and the whole of humanity shaken by what it was capable of, 1002 00:51:38,790 --> 00:51:42,163 the extermination of an entire part of itself. 1003 00:51:43,820 --> 00:51:46,960 Hitler was the personification of evil. 1004 00:51:46,960 --> 00:51:50,023 No one has been responsible for more deaths than him. 1005 00:51:51,807 --> 00:51:53,900 (dramatic music) 1006 00:51:53,900 --> 00:51:55,140 Adolf Hitler, 1007 00:51:55,140 --> 00:51:57,583 one of the greatest criminals of human history.