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Narrator: THE HEARTLAND
OF SOUTHERN AFRICA,

2
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A COUNTRY OF SWAMPS,

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WHERE GIANT BATS
STIR UP THE SKY.

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THEY FLY OVER LIVING LAGOONS,
WHERE NATURE BOILS FROM BELOW

5
00:00:17,284 --> 00:00:19,620
AND FISHERMEN WAIT ABOVE.

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ACROSS TIME AND SPACE,

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BRIDGES STRETCH
TO NEW FRONTIERS...

8
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INCLUDING CITIES CRAFTED
BY THE WORLD’S RICHEST MEN

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AND MARKETS TEEMING WITH SOME
OF THE WORLD’S POOREST PEOPLE.

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HERE, MEN LOST THEIR LIVES
TAMING A MIGHTY RIVER

11
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THAT CREATED ONE OF THE LARGEST
MAN-MADE LAKES IN THE WORLD...

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NEAR MOUNTAIN SPRINGS
THAT SWELL INTO RAGING RIVERS...

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CARVING OUT NATURAL WONDERS
FROM ANCIENT STONE...

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BECKONING FEARLESS ADVENTURERS.

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IN A COUNTRY WHERE WILDLIFE
REMAINS THE CROWNING JEWEL,

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CHANGE REMAINS
THE ONLY CONSTANT.

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SOAR OVER THE RICHLY DIVERSE
AFRICAN NATION

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OF ZAMBIA.

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♪

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FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS,

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ANIMALS AND PEOPLE CRISSCROSSED
THIS GORGEOUS LANDSCAPE.

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WATER DREW THEM TO A GREAT CHASM
THAT ROARED IN THE DISTANCE.

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THE PEOPLE CALLED IT
"MOSI OA TUNYA,"

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OR "SMOKE THAT THUNDERS."

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IN 1855, A LOCAL VILLAGE CHIEF
LED A SUNBURNED WHITE MAN

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TOWARD THE THUNDEROUS SPRAY.

27
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WHEN THE MEN NEARED
THIS GAPING RAVINE,

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RAIN FELL FROM CLOUDLESS SKIES

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AND THEIR VOICES
WERE DROWNED OUT

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BY THE CONSTANT ROAR.

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DRENCHED BY THE SPRAY,

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THE MAN GAZED INTO THE ABYSS
AND WAS DAZZLED.

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HE CALLED IT,
"THE MOST WONDERFUL SIGHT

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I HAVE WITNESSED IN AFRICA."

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HIS NAME WAS
DR. DAVID LIVINGSTONE--

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A SCOTTISH MISSIONARY.

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HE NAMED THE CHASM

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AFTER THE QUEEN WHOSE EMPIRE
HE WAS EXPANDING--

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VICTORIA FALLS.

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IT’S KNOWN AS ONE OF THE SEVEN
NATURAL WONDERS OF THE WORLD.

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WHEN IN FLOOD,
165 MILLION GALLONS OF WATER

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FALLS 328 FEET FROM THE CLIFFS
EVERY MINUTE,

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CREATING A GIANT
CURTAIN OF WATER,

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THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD.

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THE WATER’S POWER SLOWLY ERODES
THE CLIFF’S EDGE,

46
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MOVING THE FALLS UPRIVER

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AN AVERAGE OF THREE INCHES
PER YEAR.

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TO LIVINGSTONE,
THE FALLS WERE BEAUTIFUL,

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BUT ALSO A BARRIER.

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♪

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HE HAD PLANNED TO USE
THE ZAMBEZI RIVER

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AS A TRADE HIGHWAY

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BETWEEN THE INTERIOR
AND THE INDIAN OCEAN

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TO DEVELOP THE ECONOMY
AND END SLAVERY.

55
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BUT HE NOW KNEW THAT TRAVEL
BY BOAT WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE.

56
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LONG STRETCHES OF THE RIVER
ARE INTERSPERSED

57
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WITH DANGEROUS RAPIDS
AND SUDDEN WATERFALLS.

58
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BUT NO OBSTACLE WAS TOO GREAT

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FOR THE MIGHT
OF BRITISH IMPERIALISM.

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♪

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IF TRADE BY WATER WAS DOOMED,
TRADE BY RAIL WAS DESTINY.

62
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BY 1890,

63
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THE BRITISH HAD COLONIZED
A LARGE CHUNK OF AFRICA

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UNDER THE LEADERSHIP
OF CECIL JOHN RHODES,

65
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GOVERNOR OF
THE BRITISH CAPE COLONY.

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THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA’S RICHES
WAS FIRMLY BACK ON TRACK.

67
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THE BRITISH CALLED
THE NEW TERRITORY RHODESIA.

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THE ZAMBEZI RIVER
SPLIT IT IN HALF.

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CECIL RHODES HAD BEEN PLANNING
A RAILWAY LINE

70
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FROM CAPE TOWN TO CAIRO

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IN AN EFFORT TO EXPAND
BRITISH OCCUPATION OF AFRICA.

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BUT THE FALLS BLOCKED THE ROUTE.

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THE DETERMINED BRITISH
FORGED AHEAD.

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JUST 50 YEARS
AFTER DAVID LIVINGSTONE

75
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STOOD ON THESE CLIFFS,

76
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STEAM TRAINS RATTLED
OVER THE GORGE

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ON THE VICTORIA FALLS BRIDGE.

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NOW IT ALSO CARRIES CARS.

79
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BUT TRAINS STILL MAKE
THEIR WAY ACROSS.

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IT WAS THE HIGHEST BRIDGE
IN THE WORLD

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WHEN IT WAS FINISHED IN 1905,

82
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STANDING 420 FEET
ABOVE THE RIVER.

83
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IT TESTED THE GRIT OF ENGINEERS

84
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WORKING OVER 7,000 MILES AWAY
IN ENGLAND.

85
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THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE
WAS BUILT THERE, IN PIECES,

86
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AND SHIPPED TO THE GORGE
FOR FINAL ASSEMBLY.

87
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THE VICTORIAN ERA HAD ARRIVED
IN NORTHERN RHODESIA.

88
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THE BRIDGE REMAINS,

89
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BUT POLITICS HAVE CHANGED.

90
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IN 1964, COLONIALISM GAVE WAY
TO INDEPENDENCE,

91
00:06:02,495 --> 00:06:05,965
AND TWO NEW AFRICAN NATIONS
WERE BORN--

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ZAMBIA AND EVENTUALLY ZIMBABWE.

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DOWNSTREAM FROM THE FALLS,

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THE ZAMBEZI RIVER IS FORCED
INTO A NARROW BASALT CANYON,

95
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CREATING A JET-LIKE
TORRENT OF WATER.

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THE FORCE CREATES
A THRILLING WATERCOURSE,

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INTERSPERSED
WITH OVER 60 RAPIDS,

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WITH NAMES LIKE
THE DEVIL’S TOILET BOWL,

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OBLIVION,

100
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THE TERMINATOR,

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AND GNASHING JAWS OF DEATH.

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THESE ARE SOME
OF THE MOST CHALLENGING

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WHITEWATER RAPIDS ON EARTH.

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THEY ARE CLASS 5,

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THE HIGHEST GRADE
FOR RIVER RAFTING.

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♪

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GUIDES IN KAYAKS MOVE AHEAD AND
STATION THEMSELVES ON THE BANK

108
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AS SAFETY OFFICERS
FOR THE RAFTERS.

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THE DEEP GREEN RIVER
DRAWS THE RAFTS

110
00:07:08,061 --> 00:07:10,030
INTO THE CHURNING WAVES.

111
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INSTRUCTORS SHOUT INSTRUCTIONS
TO PADDLERS

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TO KEEP THE RAFT MOVING
FASTER THAN THE WATER.

113
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THEY SPEED DOWN THE GORGE
AS 3.75 MILLION GALLONS OF WATER

114
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SURGES PAST THE ROCKS
EVERY SECOND.

115
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SOUNDS OF RUSHING WATER
AND SHOUTS OF EXCITEMENT

116
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ECHO OFF THE CLIFFS...

117
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UNTIL SOMEONE FALLS OUT.

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NILE CROCODILES ARE A THREAT,

119
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AND GIANT WHIRLPOOLS
APPEAR OUT OF NOWHERE,

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SUCKING DOWN ENTIRE RAFTS.

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IT’S DISORIENTING,
BUT RAFTERS WEAR SAFETY GEAR.

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A LIFE PRESERVER AND A THIN ROPE

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ARE THEIR ONLY HOPE
OF STAYING AFLOAT

124
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AND GETTING BACK INTO THE RAFT.

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IT’S EXHILARATING,
PHYSICALLY PUNISHING

126
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BUT EMOTIONALLY REWARDING.

127
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FOR THOSE WHO PREFER
A QUIETER VACATION,

128
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A CLIFFTOP BAR PROVIDES
A BIRD’S EYE VIEW OF THE RAFTERS

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AND THE RIVER SNAKING
INTO THE DISTANCE,

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WHERE DIFFERENT
ADVENTURES AWAIT.

131
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AS THE ZAMBEZI CONTINUES
ITS JOURNEY EAST,

132
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THE RIVER OPENS ITS ARMS WITH
A MORE PLACID PACE OF DISCOVERY.

133
00:08:36,116 --> 00:08:41,121
BUT EVEN THOUGH THE RIVER
MAY LOOK QUIETER,

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IT’S STILL DEADLY.

135
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AFTER DISCOVERING
VICTORIA FALLS,

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DR. LIVINGSTONE WAS EAGER

137
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TO EXPLORE THE REST
OF THE ZAMBEZI RIVER,

138
00:09:00,206 --> 00:09:03,076
BUT AS HE FORGED A PATH
ALONG ITS BANKS,

139
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HE REALIZED THE AWFUL SCALE
OF THE SLAVE TRADE.

140
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THOUSANDS OF AFRICANS
WERE BEING STOLEN AWAY

141
00:09:12,886 --> 00:09:15,722
FROM THE ONLY VILLAGES
THEY’D EVER KNOWN

142
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AND SHIPPED TO PLACES
THEY’D NEVER HEARD OF.

143
00:09:22,695 --> 00:09:25,565
HIS HEART BLED FOR AFRICANS,

144
00:09:25,598 --> 00:09:28,968
AND HE WOULD NOT REST
UNTIL SLAVERY, OR HIS LIFE,

145
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HAD COME TO AN END.

146
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HIS FAITH IN GOD
KEPT HIM FEARLESS,

147
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AND HIS PASSION FOR ADVENTURE
KEPT HIM MOVING

148
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ALONG THE WINDING PATH
OF THE ZAMBEZI RIVER.

149
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IT’S THE LARGEST RIVER IN AFRICA

150
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AND FORMS A BORDER AROUND
THE WESTERN HALF OF ZAMBIA.

151
00:09:57,097 --> 00:10:00,968
THE DRAINAGE BASIN COVERS ALMOST
THREE QUARTERS OF THE COUNTRY,

152
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SPANNING OVER
290,000 SQUARE MILES.

153
00:10:11,177 --> 00:10:16,082
TODAY, 32 MILLION PEOPLE
LIVE ALONG THIS VALLEY.

154
00:10:20,487 --> 00:10:23,056
80% OF THEM RELY ON THE FOOD

155
00:10:23,089 --> 00:10:28,227
GROWING ON THE FERTILE
FLOOD PLAINS OF THE RIVER.

156
00:10:28,261 --> 00:10:31,831
BUT MANY FAMILIES FORSAKE
LARGE-SCALE FARMING

157
00:10:31,865 --> 00:10:35,836
AND STILL LIVE
BY THE RIVER’S RULES,

158
00:10:35,869 --> 00:10:39,639
TRAVELING MILES ON FOOT
TO DRINK ITS REFRESHING WATER

159
00:10:39,672 --> 00:10:41,641
AND TO FISH FOR FOOD.

160
00:10:46,513 --> 00:10:49,182
OLDER MEN FISH
FROM DUGOUT CANOES

161
00:10:49,215 --> 00:10:51,684
OR BUILD TRAPS
FROM THE RIVER REEDS.

162
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TEENAGERS SPEND THE DAY
WEAVING REED MATS

163
00:10:57,891 --> 00:11:02,729
THAT ARE USED TO SUN-DRY FISH OR
COVER HARD CLAY VILLAGE FLOORS.

164
00:11:05,832 --> 00:11:07,634
BUT ZAMBIA’S ECONOMY

165
00:11:07,667 --> 00:11:11,437
STILL RELIES ON THE RIVER’S
MOST BASIC ELEMENT--

166
00:11:11,471 --> 00:11:14,040
THE FORCE OF ITS WATER
FLOWING DOWN THE VALLEY

167
00:11:14,073 --> 00:11:16,509
LIGHTS UP MANY AFRICAN CITIES.

168
00:11:18,878 --> 00:11:21,948
AFTER FLOWING UNIMPEDED
FOR MILLENNIA,

169
00:11:21,981 --> 00:11:26,552
THE ZAMBEZI RIVER
WAS FINALLY CAPTURED IN 1956

170
00:11:26,586 --> 00:11:28,221
BY THE KARIBA DAM.

171
00:11:35,962 --> 00:11:38,832
IT CREATES THE LARGEST LAKE
IN AFRICA,

172
00:11:38,865 --> 00:11:44,003
STRETCHING FOR 140 MILES,
UP TO 25 MILES WIDE IN PLACES

173
00:11:44,037 --> 00:11:47,908
AND BLANKETS
2,300 SQUARE MILES OF LAND.

174
00:11:52,111 --> 00:11:58,050
HOLDING BACK ALL THIS WATER
IS A WALL 1,900 FEET WIDE,

175
00:11:58,084 --> 00:12:03,456
420 FEET HIGH,
AND 85 FEET THICK.

176
00:12:03,489 --> 00:12:07,927
ENTOMBED WITHIN ITS CONCRETE
ARE 18 CONSTRUCTION WORKERS

177
00:12:07,961 --> 00:12:10,997
WHO SLIPPED AND FELL INTO
THE SUFFOCATING CEMENT SLUDGE

178
00:12:11,030 --> 00:12:13,065
DURING CONSTRUCTION.

179
00:12:15,568 --> 00:12:17,036
THE BRITISH QUEEN MOTHER

180
00:12:17,070 --> 00:12:20,941
PRESIDED OVER THE DAM’S
CEREMONIAL OPENING IN 1960,

181
00:12:20,974 --> 00:12:25,979
WHEN IT WAS CALLED ONE OF THE
MAN-MADE WONDERS OF THE WORLD.

182
00:12:26,012 --> 00:12:27,981
BUT IT TOOK ANOTHER 17 YEARS

183
00:12:28,014 --> 00:12:31,117
BEFORE THE DAM WAS
A FULLY FUNCTIONAL POWER SOURCE.

184
00:12:34,087 --> 00:12:40,827
THE WALL NOW GENERATES 960
MEGAWATTS OF ELECTRICITY A DAY,

185
00:12:40,860 --> 00:12:42,562
POWERING ZAMBIA’S CITIES

186
00:12:42,595 --> 00:12:45,998
AND PROVIDING SURPLUS ENERGY
TO ITS NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES.

187
00:12:48,067 --> 00:12:49,936
SINCE ITS OPENING,

188
00:12:49,969 --> 00:12:52,538
20 EARTHQUAKES
OF MAGNITUDE 5 OR HIGHER

189
00:12:52,572 --> 00:12:55,842
HAVE RATTLED THE DAM,

190
00:12:55,875 --> 00:12:57,176
AS IF THE RESTLESS RIVER

191
00:12:57,210 --> 00:13:00,046
CONTINUES TO SETTLE
INTO ITS NEW HOME.

192
00:13:00,079 --> 00:13:06,052
♪

193
00:13:06,085 --> 00:13:08,254
THE MASSIVE LAKE
CREATED BY THE DAM

194
00:13:08,288 --> 00:13:12,926
SUPPORTS A THRIVING
COMMERCIAL FISHING INDUSTRY.

195
00:13:12,959 --> 00:13:14,994
RUNOFF FROM
THE SURROUNDING LANDSCAPE

196
00:13:15,028 --> 00:13:16,930
PROVIDES ABUNDANT NUTRIENTS

197
00:13:16,963 --> 00:13:19,332
FOR TINY ZOOPLANKTON
LIVING IN THE LAKE.

198
00:13:22,101 --> 00:13:26,772
THEY ARE PERFECT FOOD FOR SHOALS
OF SILVER KAPENTA FISH.

199
00:13:26,806 --> 00:13:28,741
AT NIGHT, THESE FISHERMEN

200
00:13:28,775 --> 00:13:32,746
LOWER THESE CIRCULAR NETS
INTO THE WATER.

201
00:13:32,779 --> 00:13:35,915
THEN THEY BLAST BEAMS OF LIGHT
INTO THE MURKY DEPTHS.

202
00:13:38,284 --> 00:13:40,987
ZOOPLANKTON ARE DRAWN
TO THE LIGHT,

203
00:13:41,020 --> 00:13:44,423
FOLLOWED BY KAPENTA
THAT BLINDLY SWIM INTO THE TRAP.

204
00:13:47,360 --> 00:13:50,630
THE NETS ARE HOISTED UP
WITH MOUNDS OF SHINY FISH.

205
00:13:53,266 --> 00:13:57,070
BY MORNING THE FISH ARE LAID OUT
ON SUN-DRYING MATS,

206
00:13:57,103 --> 00:13:59,005
PRESERVING THEM
FOR THE LONG HAUL

207
00:13:59,038 --> 00:14:02,842
TO MARKETS ACROSS AFRICA.

208
00:14:02,875 --> 00:14:06,011
BUT GLOBAL MARKETS
DEMAND BIGGER FISH,

209
00:14:06,045 --> 00:14:08,614
WHICH IN TURN DEMANDS
MODERN INTERVENTION.

210
00:14:13,386 --> 00:14:19,359
THESE CIRCULAR CAGES
ARE THE FUTURE OF FISHING.

211
00:14:19,392 --> 00:14:22,662
MILLIONS OF TILAPIA FINGERLINGS
TREATED WITH TESTOSTERONE

212
00:14:22,695 --> 00:14:26,165
ARE HATCHED ALONG THE BANKS.

213
00:14:26,199 --> 00:14:28,435
THEN THEY ARE TRANSPORTED
TO THESE CAGES,

214
00:14:28,468 --> 00:14:30,804
WHERE MOST GROW
INTO LARGE MALES,

215
00:14:30,837 --> 00:14:32,839
INCREASING PROTEIN PRODUCTION.

216
00:14:37,176 --> 00:14:40,780
MEN ON PONTOON BOATS
THROW WAVES OF FOOD,

217
00:14:40,813 --> 00:14:43,082
A MIX OF CORN,
SOYBEANS AND WHEAT.

218
00:14:44,984 --> 00:14:48,221
THE FISH ENJOY SEVERAL LAYERS
OF PROTECTION.

219
00:14:50,089 --> 00:14:51,991
PREDATOR NETS PROTECT THE FISH

220
00:14:52,024 --> 00:14:56,128
FROM BEING SHREDDED
BY TIGER FISH AND CROCODILES.

221
00:14:56,162 --> 00:15:01,267
AN INNER BAG NET PREVENTS FISH
FROM ESCAPING.

222
00:15:01,300 --> 00:15:03,202
AND A TOP NET
PREVENTS FISH EAGLES

223
00:15:03,236 --> 00:15:05,271
FROM SNATCHING THE STOCK.

224
00:15:07,273 --> 00:15:12,945
THE FINEST OF THESE PAMPERED
FISH ARE EXPORTED TO EUROPE.

225
00:15:12,979 --> 00:15:16,049
THE REST ARE TRANSPORTED
TO ZAMBIA’S CITY MARKETS,

226
00:15:16,082 --> 00:15:19,152
SOLD BY STREET VENDORS
TO A BURGEONING POPULATION

227
00:15:19,185 --> 00:15:22,055
THAT IS TRANSFORMING
ZAMBIA’S WAY OF LIFE.

228
00:15:31,197 --> 00:15:35,568
♪

229
00:15:35,601 --> 00:15:37,670
WHEN THE CAPE TO CAIRO
TRAIN LINE

230
00:15:37,703 --> 00:15:39,605
FIRST SLICED THROUGH ZAMBIA,

231
00:15:39,639 --> 00:15:42,408
NEW CITIES SPRANG UP
ALL ALONG THE TRACK.

232
00:15:45,077 --> 00:15:46,645
FIRST IT CONNECTED THE CITY

233
00:15:46,679 --> 00:15:49,982
OF LIVINGSTONE TO NDOLA.

234
00:15:50,016 --> 00:15:52,151
THEN, A RAILWAY SIDING WAS BUILT

235
00:15:52,185 --> 00:15:55,388
SO TRAINS COULD PASS EACH OTHER
ON A SINGLE TRACK.

236
00:15:57,256 --> 00:16:00,793
THE SIDING WAS NEAR THE VILLAGE
OF A FEARLESS ELEPHANT HUNTER

237
00:16:00,827 --> 00:16:02,429
NAMED LUSAKA.

238
00:16:05,865 --> 00:16:11,971
BY 1935, THE HUNTER’S VILLAGE
HAD GROWN INTO A BUSY CITY--

239
00:16:12,004 --> 00:16:14,006
PRESENT-DAY LUSAKA.

240
00:16:17,710 --> 00:16:22,248
IT SERVED AS THE CAPITAL OF
NORTHERN RHODESIA FOR 29 YEARS,

241
00:16:22,281 --> 00:16:24,383
BUT WHEN ZAMBIA
GAINED INDEPENDENCE,

242
00:16:24,417 --> 00:16:27,487
A NEW POLICY OF NATIONALISM
WAS ANNOUNCED.

243
00:16:29,789 --> 00:16:31,924
LAND WAS TAKEN BACK
FROM THE BRITISH

244
00:16:31,958 --> 00:16:34,661
AND HANDED OVER
TO NATIVE ZAMBIANS,

245
00:16:34,694 --> 00:16:37,897
WHO RELIED ON THE COPPER MINES
TO DRIVE THEIR ECONOMY.

246
00:16:41,033 --> 00:16:44,670
BUT TODAY, A SLOWING DEMAND
FOR THE PRECIOUS COMMODITY

247
00:16:44,704 --> 00:16:48,074
HAS PUT A BURDEN ON THE
COUNTRY’S FINANCIAL RESOURCES.

248
00:16:50,376 --> 00:16:54,480
OVER 60% OF LUSAKA’S INHABITANTS
ARE UNEMPLOYED.

249
00:16:59,819 --> 00:17:02,355
WHEN TOWN PLANNERS
BUILT THE CITY,

250
00:17:02,388 --> 00:17:07,627
THEY ESTIMATED A POPULATION
OF AROUND 200,000 RESIDENTS.

251
00:17:07,660 --> 00:17:12,198
BUT IT HAS MUSHROOMED
TO 2.2 MILLION PEOPLE--

252
00:17:12,231 --> 00:17:15,935
15% OF THE COUNTRY’S POPULATION.

253
00:17:15,968 --> 00:17:19,839
POVERTY-STRICKEN PEOPLE LIVE
IN THESE UNDEVELOPED SETTLEMENTS

254
00:17:19,872 --> 00:17:22,341
WITH INHERENT HEALTH RISKS,

255
00:17:22,375 --> 00:17:26,980
THE GREATEST BEING HIV/AIDS.

256
00:17:27,013 --> 00:17:30,583
ONE IN FIVE ZAMBIANS
IS HIV-POSITIVE,

257
00:17:30,616 --> 00:17:33,085
AND ONE IN THREE CHILDREN
ARE ORPHANED.

258
00:17:35,488 --> 00:17:39,225
CROWDS OF HUNGRY PEOPLE
JAM UP THE CITY LIMITS

259
00:17:39,258 --> 00:17:40,793
BUSKING FOR JOBS

260
00:17:40,826 --> 00:17:44,063
OR SEEKING OUT OPPORTUNITIES
FOR BARTER AND TRADE.

261
00:17:47,466 --> 00:17:50,636
MOST SPEND A LIFETIME
SELLING GOODS AND SERVICES

262
00:17:50,670 --> 00:17:52,872
AT INFORMAL MARKETS LIKE THESE.

263
00:17:56,409 --> 00:18:02,782
OVER 2,000 CLOTHING MERCHANTS
TRADE IN SECOND-HAND CLOTHING.

264
00:18:02,815 --> 00:18:07,853
THE BEST GARMENTS ARE SOLD
FOR ABOUT TWO DOLLARS EACH--

265
00:18:07,887 --> 00:18:10,390
A HEFTY PRICE TAG
FOR MOST ZAMBIANS

266
00:18:10,423 --> 00:18:13,593
WHO LIVE ON A DOLLAR A DAY.

267
00:18:13,626 --> 00:18:15,962
MANY TRADERS EKE OUT A LIVING

268
00:18:15,995 --> 00:18:19,932
WITHIN THE TINY STALLS OF THESE
EVER-EXPANDING URBAN MARKETS...

269
00:18:22,969 --> 00:18:27,674
WHILE OTHERS RELY ON PLANTING
VAST FIELDS OF CROPS,

270
00:18:27,707 --> 00:18:29,909
WHICH CAN BE JUST AS RISKY.

271
00:18:32,511 --> 00:18:35,481
AS NEIGHBORING ZIMBABWE
WAS IN THE THROES

272
00:18:35,514 --> 00:18:39,852
OF A CONTROVERSIAL
LAND REFORM PROGRAM,

273
00:18:39,885 --> 00:18:42,688
WHITE FARMERS WERE VIOLENTLY
DRIVEN OFF THEIR FARMS.

274
00:18:44,757 --> 00:18:47,059
MANY MOVED TO ZAMBIA.

275
00:18:47,093 --> 00:18:49,329
SOME SETTLED
IN THE MKUSHI BLOCK,

276
00:18:49,362 --> 00:18:54,434
BECAUSE OF ITS PROXIMITY
TO THE RAIL NETWORK.

277
00:18:54,467 --> 00:18:58,071
THERE THEY SET UP
LARGE-SCALE COMMERCIAL FARMS,

278
00:18:58,104 --> 00:19:01,908
TURNING UNFERTILE EARTH
INTO ARABLE LAND.

279
00:19:04,276 --> 00:19:07,346
NUTRIENT-POOR SOILS
WERE TREATED WITH LIME

280
00:19:07,380 --> 00:19:10,316
AND INFUSED WITH FERTILIZER,
READY FOR PLANTING.

281
00:19:13,586 --> 00:19:17,924
THEN IN 2002, ELECTRICITY
GAVE THEM ANOTHER BOOST,

282
00:19:17,957 --> 00:19:20,726
MAKING WAY
FOR CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION.

283
00:19:23,596 --> 00:19:25,832
TODAY THESE FARMS
TRAIN AND EMPLOY

284
00:19:25,865 --> 00:19:29,335
THOUSANDS OF LOCAL WORKERS.

285
00:19:29,368 --> 00:19:32,304
AND THEIR HARD LABOR
IS STARTING TO BEAR FRUIT.

286
00:19:34,874 --> 00:19:39,045
IN EARLY 2016,
ZAMBIA HIT RECORD HIGHS,

287
00:19:39,078 --> 00:19:43,783
PRODUCING
3.3 MILLION TONS OF CORN.

288
00:19:43,816 --> 00:19:50,423
THE BUMPER HARVEST FED
ZAMBIA’S PEOPLE AND LIVESTOCK,

289
00:19:50,456 --> 00:19:54,994
BUT THERE WAS STILL A SURPLUS
OF NEARLY 1 MILLION TONS.

290
00:19:55,027 --> 00:19:59,465
IN AN IRONIC TURN OF EVENTS,
MOST OF IT WAS SOLD TO ZIMBABWE.

291
00:20:03,102 --> 00:20:07,340
MODERN AGRICULTURE STAVED OFF
STARVATION IN ZIMBABWE

292
00:20:07,373 --> 00:20:11,210
AND TRANSFORMED ZAMBIA’S
PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE.

293
00:20:13,479 --> 00:20:15,982
TODAY MANY ZAMBIANS
STILL SURVIVE

294
00:20:16,015 --> 00:20:19,185
BY PLANTING THEIR OWN CROPS
IN SMALL VILLAGE GARDENS.

295
00:20:21,487 --> 00:20:24,123
AND THESE ANCIENT
CULTURAL PRACTICES

296
00:20:24,156 --> 00:20:25,591
AND INHERENT STRUGGLES

297
00:20:25,624 --> 00:20:28,393
CONTINUE TO DEFINE
RURAL LIFE HERE.

298
00:20:36,769 --> 00:20:39,472
SMOKE BILLOWS
FROM A SLASH-AND-BURN SITE

299
00:20:39,505 --> 00:20:41,240
CALLED A CHITEMENE.

300
00:20:43,075 --> 00:20:49,081
TREES CUT DOWN BY FARMERS ARE
BURNED TO FUMIGATE THE SOIL.

301
00:20:49,115 --> 00:20:51,951
THE ASH BALANCES THE pH LEVEL,

302
00:20:51,984 --> 00:20:54,119
PREPARING THE FIELDS
FOR PLANTING.

303
00:20:56,155 --> 00:21:01,927
MAIZE, SORGHUM, FINGER MILLET,
AND CASSAVA ALL THRIVE HERE.

304
00:21:01,961 --> 00:21:05,131
VILLAGERS MUST KEEP WATCH
24 HOURS A DAY

305
00:21:05,164 --> 00:21:08,067
TO PREVENT WILD ANIMALS
FROM RAIDING THEIR CROPS.

306
00:21:10,302 --> 00:21:12,471
ELEPHANTS HAVE BEEN
DIGGING UP FIELDS

307
00:21:12,505 --> 00:21:16,075
FOR AS LONG AS MAN HAS KNOWN
HOW TO PLANT THEM.

308
00:21:16,108 --> 00:21:18,010
IN THE 1950s,

309
00:21:18,043 --> 00:21:21,413
A MAN NAMED NORMAN CARR
WAS SENT TO INTERVENE.

310
00:21:24,416 --> 00:21:27,052
HE WAS APPOINTED
ELEPHANT CONTROL OFFICER

311
00:21:27,086 --> 00:21:28,888
BY THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT.

312
00:21:31,991 --> 00:21:34,193
HE WORKED HARD
TO MANAGE THE CONFLICT

313
00:21:34,226 --> 00:21:37,896
BETWEEN THE STRUGGLING FARMERS
AND CROP-RAIDING ELEPHANTS.

314
00:21:40,432 --> 00:21:43,969
AFTER YEARS OF WORK,
HE FINALLY DESIGNED A SYSTEM

315
00:21:44,003 --> 00:21:47,240
OF CONSERVATION THROUGH TOURISM,

316
00:21:47,273 --> 00:21:50,009
WHICH ALLOWED PEOPLE
AND ANIMALS TO COEXIST

317
00:21:50,042 --> 00:21:52,511
IN A PEACEFUL
AND SUSTAINABLE WAY.

318
00:21:55,181 --> 00:21:57,650
HE ESTABLISHED
THE FIRST SAFARI CAMP

319
00:21:57,683 --> 00:22:01,053
IN SOUTH LUANGWA NATIONAL PARK,

320
00:22:01,086 --> 00:22:04,523
WHEN AN AFRICAN SAFARI WAS
ACTUALLY A HUNTING EXPEDITION.

321
00:22:06,225 --> 00:22:09,161
BUT NORMAN CARR BELIEVED
IN LOOKING AT ANIMALS

322
00:22:09,195 --> 00:22:11,064
THROUGH THE LENS OF A CAMERA

323
00:22:11,096 --> 00:22:13,432
RATHER THAN DOWN THE BARREL
OF A GUN.

324
00:22:14,633 --> 00:22:19,138
♪

325
00:22:19,171 --> 00:22:22,041
TODAY THE PARK
IS ALMOST BONE-DRY,

326
00:22:22,074 --> 00:22:25,544
SCORCHED BY THE HOT WINDS
OF EL NIÑO.

327
00:22:30,015 --> 00:22:31,750
THE SHIFTING
GLOBAL WEATHER SYSTEM

328
00:22:31,784 --> 00:22:35,221
HAS STRIPPED THE PARK
OF ITS PRECIOUS FOLIAGE,

329
00:22:35,254 --> 00:22:36,822
EXPOSING ANIMALS

330
00:22:36,856 --> 00:22:39,859
THAT WOULD NORMALLY BE
HIDDEN AWAY FROM PRYING EYES.

331
00:22:42,695 --> 00:22:46,399
ELEPHANTS ADAPT QUICKLY
TO THE DRY CONDITIONS,

332
00:22:46,432 --> 00:22:48,267
CHEWING ON BRANCHES OF TREES

333
00:22:48,300 --> 00:22:52,037
TO EXTRACT VITAL NUTRIENTS
FROM THEIR BARK.

334
00:22:52,071 --> 00:22:55,074
THEY’RE ON THEIR WAY
TO AN UNUSUAL OASIS.

335
00:22:57,309 --> 00:23:00,445
MFUWE LODGE WAS
NORMAN CARR’S BASE

336
00:23:00,479 --> 00:23:03,182
WHILE SETTING UP
PARK OPERATIONS;

337
00:23:03,215 --> 00:23:06,919
IT’S WHERE HE PIONEERED THE IDEA
OF A WALKING SAFARI.

338
00:23:08,988 --> 00:23:13,459
THE ELEPHANTS HERE
TOOK IT A STEP FURTHER.

339
00:23:13,492 --> 00:23:16,261
ONCE A YEAR, THEY WALK
RIGHT THROUGH THE LODGE

340
00:23:16,295 --> 00:23:20,032
TO A MASSIVE WILD MANGO TREE
IN THE FRONT YARD

341
00:23:20,065 --> 00:23:23,168
TO FEED ON ITS JUICY FRUIT.

342
00:23:23,202 --> 00:23:27,773
THE TREE MAY HAVE EXISTED
BEFORE THE LODGE WAS BUILT,

343
00:23:27,806 --> 00:23:29,174
BUT IT’S A POIGNANT REMINDER

344
00:23:29,208 --> 00:23:32,745
OF CARR’S SYSTEM
OF CONSERVATION THROUGH TOURISM,

345
00:23:32,778 --> 00:23:36,849
WHERE ANIMALS AND HUMANS
COEXIST IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY.

346
00:23:36,882 --> 00:23:40,919
IT’S ENSURED THAT MANY ANIMALS
STILL ROAM FREE HERE TODAY...

347
00:23:43,422 --> 00:23:48,060
LIKE THESE IMPALA ANTELOPE,
GRAZING ON THE VERY LAST GROWTH

348
00:23:48,093 --> 00:23:51,997
NEAR A RIVER SLOWLY DRYING OUT.

349
00:23:52,031 --> 00:23:54,967
FEW TREES GROW LEAVES
DURING A DROUGHT,

350
00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:59,705
BUT ACACIA TAPROOTS STRETCH DOWN
220 FEET TO REACH WATER.

351
00:24:02,207 --> 00:24:05,777
SO IT’S EASY PICKINGS
FOR THESE THORNICROFT’S GIRAFFE

352
00:24:05,811 --> 00:24:09,982
THAT STAND 19 FEET TALL.

353
00:24:10,015 --> 00:24:12,351
THE SHADE OF THE TREE
KEEPS THEM COOL

354
00:24:12,384 --> 00:24:16,021
WHILE THEY CHEW THEIR CUD
TO DIGEST THE FIBROUS LEAVES.

355
00:24:19,058 --> 00:24:22,228
AFTER LUNCH, THEY’LL HEAD DOWN
TO THE LUANGWA RIVER

356
00:24:22,261 --> 00:24:24,230
FOR AN AFTERNOON DRINK.

357
00:24:34,640 --> 00:24:35,941
♪

358
00:24:35,975 --> 00:24:38,945
THE LUANGWA FLOWS
INTO THE ZAMBEZI RIVER,

359
00:24:38,978 --> 00:24:41,614
BUT TODAY IT’S HARDLY
FLOWING AT ALL.

360
00:24:44,016 --> 00:24:49,922
OVER 30,000 HIPPOS TUSSLE
FOR SPACE HERE AT HIPPO BEND,

361
00:24:49,955 --> 00:24:52,257
THE WORLD’S LARGEST POPULATION.

362
00:24:54,560 --> 00:24:56,762
THEY’RE NOCTURNAL FEEDERS

363
00:24:56,795 --> 00:24:59,631
WHO WALK MILES IN THE DARK
TO GRAZE ON GRASS.

364
00:25:01,700 --> 00:25:05,337
HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF FISH
GATHER AROUND THE HIPPOS,

365
00:25:05,371 --> 00:25:06,672
FEEDING OFF THEIR DUNG

366
00:25:06,705 --> 00:25:09,308
AND THE SILT DISTURBED
BY THEIR ACTIVITY.

367
00:25:12,277 --> 00:25:16,882
♪

368
00:25:16,915 --> 00:25:20,952
NILE CROCODILES
ARE ATTRACTED TO THE FISH;

369
00:25:20,986 --> 00:25:23,722
IT’S THEIR MAIN FOOD SOURCE.

370
00:25:23,756 --> 00:25:26,225
THEY’RE A REAL THREAT
FOR BABY HIPPOS

371
00:25:26,258 --> 00:25:28,927
THAT ARE BORN UNDERWATER.

372
00:25:28,961 --> 00:25:34,767
BUT EVEN FOR A CROC, MALE HIPPOS
ARE A FORCE TO BE RECKONED WITH.

373
00:25:34,800 --> 00:25:37,369
THEY GROW TO 3,300 POUNDS,

374
00:25:37,403 --> 00:25:40,039
AND THEIR TEETH ARE
UP TO A FOOT LONG,

375
00:25:40,072 --> 00:25:43,075
SHARPENED AS THEY EAT,

376
00:25:43,108 --> 00:25:46,178
SIMILAR TO A RODENT.

377
00:25:46,211 --> 00:25:49,081
ONE THEORY SUGGESTS
THAT HIPPOS AND WHALES

378
00:25:49,114 --> 00:25:51,750
SHARED A COMMON ANCESTOR

379
00:25:51,784 --> 00:25:54,353
THAT BRANCHED OFF
FROM THEIR EVOLUTIONARY PATH

380
00:25:54,386 --> 00:25:56,722
AROUND 60 MILLION YEARS AGO.

381
00:25:58,557 --> 00:26:01,827
EXCEPT HIPPOS
DON’T SWIM VERY WELL,

382
00:26:01,860 --> 00:26:04,062
DESPITE HAVING WEBBED FEET.

383
00:26:04,096 --> 00:26:05,631
NOR DO THEY FLOAT.

384
00:26:07,499 --> 00:26:10,035
INSTEAD, THEY SINK
TO THE BOTTOM OF THE RIVER

385
00:26:10,069 --> 00:26:13,172
WHERE THEY RUN ALONG
AND LEAP FORWARD IN BOUNDS,

386
00:26:13,205 --> 00:26:14,973
BREAKING THE SURFACE
OF THE WATER,

387
00:26:15,007 --> 00:26:17,109
LIKE A DOLPHIN, TO BREATHE.

388
00:26:19,611 --> 00:26:22,581
THEIR HEADS ARE DESIGNED
SO THAT EARS, NOSE, AND EYES

389
00:26:22,614 --> 00:26:23,949
ARE ABOVE WATER,

390
00:26:23,982 --> 00:26:26,885
SO THE REST OF THE BODY
REMAINS SUBMERGED.

391
00:26:29,655 --> 00:26:34,527
LIKE DOLPHINS AND WHALES,
THEY CAN SLEEP UNDERWATER,

392
00:26:34,560 --> 00:26:38,631
RISING TO BREATHE
WITHOUT WAKING.

393
00:26:38,664 --> 00:26:42,968
AS THE SHRINKING RIVER
STRANGLES THIS SEETHING MASS,

394
00:26:43,001 --> 00:26:47,005
A FOREST NEARBY ERUPTS
WITH HAUNTING SHRIEKS

395
00:26:47,039 --> 00:26:51,610
AS A HUNGRY SWARM
DESCENDS TO FEED.

396
00:26:57,416 --> 00:26:59,885
NORMAN CARR HAD A SPECIAL TOUCH

397
00:26:59,918 --> 00:27:03,221
FOR PROTECTING
ZAMBIA’S WILDLIFE,

398
00:27:03,255 --> 00:27:07,392
BUT NOT EVERYONE SHARED
HIS CONSERVATIVE VIEWS.

399
00:27:07,426 --> 00:27:09,161
UNSCRUPULOUS HUNTING PARTIES

400
00:27:09,194 --> 00:27:12,597
WIPED OUT MANY SPECIES
IN THE 1980s

401
00:27:12,631 --> 00:27:14,933
HERE AT KASANKA NATIONAL PARK.

402
00:27:17,603 --> 00:27:19,939
BUT JUST FIVE YEARS LATER,

403
00:27:19,972 --> 00:27:22,374
A BRITISH FRIEND
OF NORMAN CARR’S STEPPED IN

404
00:27:22,407 --> 00:27:25,210
TO TACKLE THE TROUBLED PARK.

405
00:27:25,244 --> 00:27:29,381
DAVID LLOYD HAD SERVED
AS A COLONIAL OFFICER,

406
00:27:29,414 --> 00:27:30,982
POLICING VIOLENT CLASHES

407
00:27:31,016 --> 00:27:33,685
WHILE THE COUNTRY MADE ITS WAY
TO INDEPENDENCE.

408
00:27:35,687 --> 00:27:39,057
HE AND GARY WILLIAMS,
A LOCAL FARMER,

409
00:27:39,091 --> 00:27:42,428
INVESTED THEIR OWN MONEY
TO EMPLOY LOCAL GAME SCOUTS.

410
00:27:44,296 --> 00:27:47,199
THEY WERE ASSISTED
BY CHIEF CHITAMBO,

411
00:27:47,232 --> 00:27:49,668
WHOSE GRANDFATHER HAD HOSTED
DAVID LIVINGSTONE

412
00:27:49,701 --> 00:27:51,536
MANY YEARS EARLIER.

413
00:27:53,372 --> 00:27:56,008
THE TEAM BUILT ROADS
AND SAFARI LODGES

414
00:27:56,041 --> 00:27:57,943
TO RE-ESTABLISH THE PARK.

415
00:28:01,013 --> 00:28:03,382
WASA LODGE BECAME
THE HEADQUARTERS

416
00:28:03,415 --> 00:28:06,251
OF THE KASANKA TRUST OPERATIONS

417
00:28:06,285 --> 00:28:09,655
AND THE FIRST PRIVATELY FUNDED
PARK IN ZAMBIA.

418
00:28:12,758 --> 00:28:16,362
IN 2016, IT WAS TRANSFERRED
INTO THE STEWARDSHIP

419
00:28:16,395 --> 00:28:18,998
OF THE AFRICAN PARKS
CONSERVATION TEAM.

420
00:28:23,035 --> 00:28:25,070
THE COLLECTIVE
CONSERVATION EFFORTS

421
00:28:25,103 --> 00:28:30,976
CONTINUE TO RESTORE THE BALANCE
OF THE FRAGILE ECOSYSTEM HERE.

422
00:28:31,009 --> 00:28:35,447
THESE PUKU HAVE MULTIPLIED
FROM A COUPLE HUNDRED ANIMALS

423
00:28:35,480 --> 00:28:37,983
TO OVER 5,000 ANTELOPE,

424
00:28:38,016 --> 00:28:41,453
THE LARGEST POPULATION
OF ITS KIND.

425
00:28:41,486 --> 00:28:45,724
KASANKA NATIONAL PARK CAN
ONCE AGAIN LIVE UP TO ITS NAME,

426
00:28:45,757 --> 00:28:48,994
WHICH MEANS "THE PLACE
WHERE ANIMALS GATHER."

427
00:28:50,796 --> 00:28:55,234
THIS IS THE LARGEST
MAMMAL MIGRATION IN THE WORLD.

428
00:28:55,267 --> 00:28:57,970
EVERY NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER,

429
00:28:58,003 --> 00:29:00,772
10 MILLION
STRAW-COLORED FRUIT BATS

430
00:29:00,806 --> 00:29:05,344
FLY FROM THE CONGO BASIN
TO THIS FERTILE SWAMP FOREST,

431
00:29:05,377 --> 00:29:07,346
WHICH COVERS TWO ACRES.

432
00:29:09,414 --> 00:29:13,652
THEY TRAVEL OVER 1,000 MILES
IN A FEW NIGHTS,

433
00:29:13,685 --> 00:29:18,156
BY GLIDING ON NARROW WINGS
SPANNING 3 FEET

434
00:29:18,190 --> 00:29:21,994
AND USE 35% LESS ENERGY
THAN A BIRD IN FLIGHT

435
00:29:22,027 --> 00:29:25,664
BY FOLDING THEIR WINGS CLOSE
TO THEIR BODY WITH EACH BEAT.

436
00:29:29,668 --> 00:29:33,672
MOST BATS USE
BIOSONAR TO NAVIGATE,

437
00:29:33,705 --> 00:29:37,075
BUT THESE BATS
USE SIGHT AND SMELL ALONE.

438
00:29:39,011 --> 00:29:42,748
THEY’RE DRAWN HERE
BY THE SMELL OF FRUIT.

439
00:29:42,781 --> 00:29:45,984
WATER BERRIES, MANGOES,
WILD LOQUAT

440
00:29:46,018 --> 00:29:47,953
AND RED MILKWOOD BERRIES

441
00:29:47,986 --> 00:29:50,255
RIPEN IN TIME FOR THE FEAST.

442
00:29:50,289 --> 00:29:56,061
♪

443
00:29:58,830 --> 00:30:02,033
♪

444
00:30:02,067 --> 00:30:06,238
THE BATS VENTURE OUT AT NIGHT TO
FEED IN SURROUNDING WOODLANDS,

445
00:30:06,271 --> 00:30:08,106
RETURNING HERE TO ROOST.

446
00:30:10,008 --> 00:30:14,813
THEY CONSUME DOUBLE THEIR
BODY WEIGHT OF FRUIT A NIGHT.

447
00:30:14,846 --> 00:30:17,148
THEY CHEW ON THE FRUIT
TO DRINK ITS JUICE

448
00:30:17,182 --> 00:30:18,917
AND DISCARD THE PULP.

449
00:30:22,054 --> 00:30:25,324
THIS FEEDING BEHAVIOR
POLLINATES THE TREES’ FLOWERS

450
00:30:25,357 --> 00:30:27,059
AND SOWS NEW SEEDS,

451
00:30:27,092 --> 00:30:31,029
SLOWLY EXPANDING
THE SIZE OF THE FOREST.

452
00:30:31,063 --> 00:30:33,232
THIS NATURAL FEEDING CYCLE

453
00:30:33,265 --> 00:30:36,335
ENSURES THAT AS
THE BAT POPULATION GROWS,

454
00:30:36,368 --> 00:30:38,370
THERE IS PLENTY
OF FOOD FOR THEM,

455
00:30:38,403 --> 00:30:41,006
MAINTAINING THE BALANCE OF LIFE
IN THE PARK.

456
00:30:43,308 --> 00:30:47,946
MAN-MADE CONSERVATION SYSTEMS
DESIGNED TO HAVE THE SAME EFFECT

457
00:30:47,979 --> 00:30:51,015
CAN OFTEN COME
WITH UNEXPECTED CONSEQUENCES.

458
00:30:57,956 --> 00:31:02,727
WHEN KAFUE NATIONAL PARK
WAS ESTABLISHED IN THE 1950s,

459
00:31:02,761 --> 00:31:06,365
MANY LOCAL TRIBES FISHING
FOR FOOD IN THE BUSANGA SWAMPS

460
00:31:06,398 --> 00:31:08,333
WERE MOVED OFF
THEIR CULTURAL LAND

461
00:31:08,367 --> 00:31:10,069
TO CREATE THE RESERVE.

462
00:31:13,438 --> 00:31:17,842
IT NOW SPANS 8,600 SQUARE MILES,

463
00:31:17,876 --> 00:31:21,913
ACCOUNTING FOR 33%
OF ZAMBIA’S WILDLIFE RESERVES.

464
00:31:23,882 --> 00:31:26,952
THE TRIBAL FOLK HAVE HAD
TO ADAPT TO A NEW HOME

465
00:31:26,985 --> 00:31:29,254
IN A NARROW GAME MANAGEMENT AREA

466
00:31:29,287 --> 00:31:32,924
AROUND THE PERIMETER
OF THE RESERVE.

467
00:31:32,958 --> 00:31:34,927
IT’S MEANT TO BE A BUFFER ZONE,

468
00:31:34,960 --> 00:31:38,964
WHERE PEOPLE CAN HUNT AND FISH
FOR FOOD IN THE KAFUE RIVER

469
00:31:38,997 --> 00:31:41,633
WITHOUT INTERFERING
WITH PARK OPERATIONS.

470
00:31:45,904 --> 00:31:49,574
BUT WITH SO MANY PEOPLE
LIVING ON THE PARK BOUNDARY,

471
00:31:49,608 --> 00:31:51,743
IT’S HARD FOR AUTHORITIES
TO DISTINGUISH

472
00:31:51,777 --> 00:31:53,912
BETWEEN RESIDENTS AND POACHERS.

473
00:31:58,016 --> 00:32:03,588
TODAY, KAFUE’S RHINOS HAVE BEEN
COMPLETELY POACHED OUT,

474
00:32:03,622 --> 00:32:05,524
AND ELEPHANT NUMBERS
HAVE PLUMMETED

475
00:32:05,557 --> 00:32:10,829
FROM 60,000 ANIMALS IN THE 1960s
TO ONLY 4,000 TODAY.

476
00:32:13,698 --> 00:32:17,802
BOISTEROUS MALE ELEPHANTS
ARE MOST AT RISK.

477
00:32:17,836 --> 00:32:21,873
WHEN FEMALES ARE IN HEAT,
HORMONAL SURGES SEND MALES

478
00:32:21,907 --> 00:32:24,443
INTO A TRANCE-LIKE STATE
CALLED MUSTH.

479
00:32:27,212 --> 00:32:29,548
THEY FORM SMALL BACHELOR HERDS,

480
00:32:29,581 --> 00:32:33,452
TRAVELING LONG DISTANCES
IN SEARCH OF RECEPTIVE FEMALES,

481
00:32:33,485 --> 00:32:36,788
UNKNOWINGLY VENTURING CLOSE
TO HUMAN SETTLEMENTS.

482
00:32:39,658 --> 00:32:43,028
THIS MAKES THEM
EASY TARGETS FOR POACHERS.

483
00:32:47,999 --> 00:32:50,335
BUT ELEPHANTS
ARE HIGHLY INTELLIGENT

484
00:32:50,368 --> 00:32:54,339
AND CAN DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
PLACES OF DANGER AND REFUGE.

485
00:32:54,372 --> 00:32:59,410
THIS ELEPHANT EXPLORES THE SMALL
ISLAND FOREST AT SHUMBA CAMP,

486
00:32:59,444 --> 00:33:02,013
IN THE BUSANGA PLAINS AREA
OF THE PARK.

487
00:33:04,916 --> 00:33:09,821
"SHUMBA" MEANS LION
IN THE LOCAL SHONA LANGUAGE.

488
00:33:09,855 --> 00:33:13,592
AND THE LIONS HERE HAVE ADAPTED
A STRANGE BEHAVIOR.

489
00:33:15,994 --> 00:33:20,198
THE BUSANGA PLAINS ARE FLOODED
DURING THE RAINY SEASON,

490
00:33:20,232 --> 00:33:23,669
SO LIONS HAVE BEGUN CLIMBING UP
INTO BRANCHES OF FIG TREES

491
00:33:23,702 --> 00:33:26,205
TO SEEK OUT PREY AND KEEP DRY.

492
00:33:28,640 --> 00:33:32,010
SOME EVEN HANG OUT
ON THE CAMP’S WALKWAYS.

493
00:33:37,816 --> 00:33:40,552
DURING WINTER,
THE WATER RECEDES,

494
00:33:40,585 --> 00:33:42,320
REVEALING LUSH GRASSLANDS

495
00:33:42,354 --> 00:33:46,592
THAT PROVIDE EXCELLENT GRAZING
FOR PLAINS ANIMALS...

496
00:33:46,625 --> 00:33:48,827
AND EASIER HUNTING
FOR THE LIONS...

497
00:33:51,029 --> 00:33:53,798
WHO THEN USE THE NARROW DITCHES
IN THE PLAINS

498
00:33:53,832 --> 00:33:55,667
TO AMBUSH ANTELOPE.

499
00:33:55,700 --> 00:34:01,039
♪

500
00:34:01,072 --> 00:34:07,545
50 YEARS AGO, LECHWE WERE
ALMOST EXTINCT IN THIS AREA.

501
00:34:07,579 --> 00:34:09,648
THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF THE NATIONAL PARK

502
00:34:09,681 --> 00:34:12,384
HAS SEEN A PHENOMENAL RECOVERY
IN THEIR NUMBERS...

503
00:34:15,086 --> 00:34:16,955
THANKS IN PART TO GAME SCOUTS,

504
00:34:16,988 --> 00:34:20,925
WHO ARE ON CONSTANT PATROL TO
PROTECT WILDLIFE FROM POACHERS.

505
00:34:23,061 --> 00:34:26,164
IN FACT, SOME OF THEM
ARE FORMER POACHERS,

506
00:34:26,197 --> 00:34:27,832
NOW USING THEIR FIELD SKILLS

507
00:34:27,866 --> 00:34:30,635
TO SAVE ANIMALS
RATHER THAN KILL THEM.

508
00:34:35,006 --> 00:34:39,077
THE LARGE NUMBERS OF RARE
BLACK LECHWE GATHERED HERE

509
00:34:39,110 --> 00:34:42,947
ARE PROOF OF THE RANGERS’
DEDICATION.

510
00:34:42,981 --> 00:34:46,651
THEY MOVE AS A UNIT
AND STOP AT ANY SIGN OF DANGER

511
00:34:46,685 --> 00:34:49,755
WITH THE SAME HERD COHESION.

512
00:34:49,788 --> 00:34:52,891
CROCODILES LURK IN
THE SHRINKING POOLS OF WATER.

513
00:34:55,393 --> 00:34:58,730
THE REST OF THE HERD
WAITS FOR A SIGNAL TO CROSS

514
00:34:58,763 --> 00:35:00,331
OR RUN TO SAFETY.

515
00:35:00,365 --> 00:35:08,073
♪

516
00:35:08,106 --> 00:35:11,276
BY JUNE, WINTER HAS SET IN,

517
00:35:11,309 --> 00:35:15,680
AND THE WETLANDS HAVE ALMOST
COMPLETELY VANISHED.

518
00:35:15,714 --> 00:35:18,684
FLOCKS OF AFRICAN
OPEN-BILLED STORKS

519
00:35:18,717 --> 00:35:21,353
CONGREGATE
AROUND THE WATERCOURSE,

520
00:35:21,386 --> 00:35:23,521
WHERE THE HIPPOS STIR UP
TASTY CACHES

521
00:35:23,555 --> 00:35:26,091
OF FRESHWATER SNAILS
AND MUSSELS.

522
00:35:31,196 --> 00:35:34,966
HIPPOS FREQUENTLY USE THE SAME
PATHS THROUGH THE CHANNELS,

523
00:35:35,000 --> 00:35:38,604
CUTTING THROUGH
DENSE WATER VEGETATION.

524
00:35:38,637 --> 00:35:42,007
THESE PATHS HELP FISH ACCESS
NEW BREEDING PONDS

525
00:35:42,040 --> 00:35:44,476
AND PREVENT SWAMPS
FROM BECOMING CLOGGED.

526
00:35:48,380 --> 00:35:53,986
MALES BATTLE CONSTANTLY
OVER THE PRECIOUS TERRITORY.

527
00:35:54,019 --> 00:35:56,355
THIS YOUNG BULL
HAS LOST A STANDOFF

528
00:35:56,388 --> 00:35:59,024
WITH A MORE DOMINANT MALE.

529
00:35:59,057 --> 00:36:02,460
HE TURNS HIS RAGE ON
AN APPROACHING MOTHER AND CALF.

530
00:36:05,263 --> 00:36:08,900
THE MALE DEFECATES IN
A TYPICAL TERRITORIAL DISPLAY.

531
00:36:12,170 --> 00:36:15,440
MOTHER AND CALF
MAKE A HASTY RETREAT.

532
00:36:17,876 --> 00:36:22,981
THIS TIME THE BRUSH WITH
THE YOUNG MALE ENDS PEACEFULLY,

533
00:36:23,014 --> 00:36:25,650
BUT THE FIGHT FOR SPACE
IN THE SHRINKING POND

534
00:36:25,684 --> 00:36:28,587
WILL SOON ESCALATE
INTO MORE VIOLENT CLASHES.

535
00:36:35,060 --> 00:36:37,629
EVEN ON DRY LAND,
ANIMALS COMPETE

536
00:36:37,662 --> 00:36:41,032
FOR THE LAST CLUMPS
OF NUTRITIOUS VEGETATION.

537
00:36:41,066 --> 00:36:44,002
HABITATS OVERLAP BETWEEN SPECIES

538
00:36:44,035 --> 00:36:46,938
AS THEY DESPERATELY SEEK OUT
SUFFICIENT GRAZING.

539
00:36:50,008 --> 00:36:53,278
EVERY LAST MORSEL
OF VEGETATION IS CONSUMED

540
00:36:53,311 --> 00:36:57,448
SO THE HERDS SURVIVE
THE LONG DRY SPELL.

541
00:36:57,482 --> 00:37:00,685
SOON RAIN WILL FALL
IN THE HIGHLANDS...

542
00:37:04,789 --> 00:37:08,159
AND RIVERS WILL START
THEIR LONG JOURNEY

543
00:37:08,193 --> 00:37:11,063
INTO ZAMBIA’S
LIFE-GIVING WETLANDS.

544
00:37:20,638 --> 00:37:23,374
ON THE EASTERN SIDE OF ZAMBIA,

545
00:37:23,408 --> 00:37:26,544
LUSH MIOMBO WOODLANDS
BLANKET THE LANDSCAPE.

546
00:37:29,881 --> 00:37:31,950
HERE, GREAT PRESSURES
UNDERGROUND

547
00:37:31,983 --> 00:37:34,953
FORCED MOLTEN LAVA TO SURGE
OVER 100 MILES

548
00:37:34,986 --> 00:37:37,088
TO THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH.

549
00:37:42,293 --> 00:37:45,663
AS IT COOLED, IT FORMED
THESE BREATHTAKING BOULDERS

550
00:37:45,697 --> 00:37:48,033
THAT BREACH THE FOREST CANOPY,

551
00:37:48,066 --> 00:37:50,435
RISING A THOUSAND FEET
INTO THE AIR...

552
00:37:53,772 --> 00:37:55,574
GIVING THEM THEIR NAME--

553
00:37:55,607 --> 00:37:57,609
WHALE BACK MOUNTAINS.

554
00:38:01,613 --> 00:38:04,616
THEY’RE OVER
1.5 BILLION YEARS OLD.

555
00:38:06,484 --> 00:38:10,388
THESE BOULDERS
AND THE 25-MILE ROCKY RIDGE

556
00:38:10,421 --> 00:38:14,125
IN NEIGHBORING
LAVUSHI MANDA NATIONAL PARK

557
00:38:14,159 --> 00:38:18,463
GIVE BIRTH TO SOME OF ZAMBIA’S
MOST IMPORTANT RIVERS.

558
00:38:18,496 --> 00:38:21,566
THE LUKULU AND LULIMALA RIVERS
START HERE

559
00:38:21,599 --> 00:38:24,068
AND DRAIN
INTO THE BANGWEULU SWAMPS...

560
00:38:31,109 --> 00:38:34,846
ONE OF THE LARGEST
WETLAND SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD.

561
00:38:37,215 --> 00:38:40,585
IT SPANS ALMOST
10,000 SQUARE MILES.

562
00:38:48,693 --> 00:38:50,361
COUNTLESS PEOPLE AND ANIMALS

563
00:38:50,395 --> 00:38:53,298
DEPEND ON THE BANGWEULU WATERS
TO SURVIVE.

564
00:38:56,401 --> 00:39:00,605
ITS NAME MEANS "THE PLACE
WHERE THE WATER MEETS THE SKY."

565
00:39:02,473 --> 00:39:05,643
THE SHIMMERING WATER FILLS
A SHALLOW DEPRESSION

566
00:39:05,677 --> 00:39:08,513
IN THE CENTER
OF THE NORTH ZAMBIAN PLATEAU.

567
00:39:11,516 --> 00:39:14,719
THIS WAS ONCE AN ANCIENT SEA.

568
00:39:18,456 --> 00:39:21,826
17 RIVERS FLOW IN,

569
00:39:21,860 --> 00:39:25,330
BUT ONLY ONE FLOWS OUT--

570
00:39:25,363 --> 00:39:28,266
THE LUAPULA.

571
00:39:28,299 --> 00:39:32,970
THE VAST WETLAND LIES AT
THE EDGE OF THE CONGO PEDICLE.

572
00:39:33,004 --> 00:39:38,142
IT’S THE SIZE OF NEW JERSEY
AND ALMOST CUTS ZAMBIA IN HALF.

573
00:39:38,176 --> 00:39:39,878
EARLY RULERS OF THE CONGO

574
00:39:39,911 --> 00:39:41,279
CREATED THE PEDICLE

575
00:39:41,312 --> 00:39:42,446
WHEN THEY WANTED ACCESS

576
00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:43,948
TO THE RICH FISHING WATERS

577
00:39:43,982 --> 00:39:48,453
AND MINERAL RESOURCES
ZAMBIA HAD ON OFFER.

578
00:39:48,486 --> 00:39:51,789
IN 1983, CHINESE CONTRACTORS,

579
00:39:51,823 --> 00:39:54,459
EAGER TO ACCESS
THE COPPER MINES,

580
00:39:54,492 --> 00:39:58,529
BUILT THE LUAPULA BRIDGE
OVER THE PEDICLE.

581
00:39:58,563 --> 00:40:02,734
THE RIVER HERE IS 1,300 FEET
WIDE DURING THE DRY MONTHS...

582
00:40:05,036 --> 00:40:08,806
BUT WELL OVER 3,000 FEET WIDE
WHEN IN FLOOD.

583
00:40:11,576 --> 00:40:14,913
SO THE BRIDGE STRETCHES
FOR 1.5 MILES.

584
00:40:17,882 --> 00:40:21,986
CROSSING THE BANGWEULU
CAN NOW BE DONE BY CAR,

585
00:40:22,020 --> 00:40:25,323
BUT TO GET TO THE SWAMP ITSELF,
YOU NEED A BOAT.

586
00:40:33,364 --> 00:40:37,268
THESE FARMERS HAVE HARVESTED
THE LAST CROPS FOR THE SEASON

587
00:40:37,302 --> 00:40:41,640
AND NOW TURN TO FISHING
IN THE SWAMPS FOR FOOD...

588
00:40:41,673 --> 00:40:45,977
TAKING ALL THEY NEED
TO MAKE IT FEEL LIKE HOME,

589
00:40:46,010 --> 00:40:47,678
BUT WITH HIDDEN DANGERS.

590
00:40:51,015 --> 00:40:55,653
THREE OF AFRICA’S MOST DANGEROUS
KILLERS THRIVE HERE--

591
00:40:55,687 --> 00:40:58,256
CROCODILES, HIPPOS,

592
00:40:58,289 --> 00:41:03,060
AND THE DEADLY, ALMOST INVISIBLE
ANOPHELES MOSQUITO

593
00:41:03,094 --> 00:41:05,496
THAT CARRIES
THE MALARIA PARASITE.

594
00:41:07,966 --> 00:41:11,236
DESPITE THE RISK,
MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN

595
00:41:11,269 --> 00:41:12,771
HAVE NO OTHER OPTION

596
00:41:12,804 --> 00:41:16,207
BUT TO TRAVEL UP TO 60 MILES
ON FOOT AND BY BOAT

597
00:41:16,240 --> 00:41:18,943
TO SETTLE IN THESE TEMPORARY
FISHING VILLAGES.

598
00:41:23,915 --> 00:41:25,250
THEIR HUTS ARE CONSTRUCTED

599
00:41:25,283 --> 00:41:28,520
FROM WOOD, THATCH GRASS,
AND PLASTIC SHEETS.

600
00:41:30,688 --> 00:41:35,326
THEY’RE BUILT TO LAST
JUST UNTIL THE FLOODS ARRIVE.

601
00:41:35,360 --> 00:41:40,065
DURING THE DAY,
MEN GO TO WORK IN SMALL TEAMS,

602
00:41:40,098 --> 00:41:43,001
TRAVERSING MILES OF OPEN WATER

603
00:41:43,034 --> 00:41:48,072
IN SEARCH OF CATFISH AND DOZENS
OF SPECIES OF CICHLIDS.

604
00:41:48,106 --> 00:41:51,409
THEY’RE CAUGHT IN GILL NETS
AND SEINE NETS.

605
00:41:54,212 --> 00:41:57,048
THE FISH ARE SMOKED AND SOLD
FOR A DOLLAR PER POUND

606
00:41:57,081 --> 00:41:58,950
TO FISH TRADERS,

607
00:41:58,983 --> 00:42:01,919
OR BARTERED FOR BREAD,
SUGAR, AND TOBACCO.

608
00:42:06,457 --> 00:42:08,359
CATFISH AVOID PREDATORS

609
00:42:08,393 --> 00:42:10,996
BY HIDING OUT
UNDER THESE FLOATING ISLANDS,

610
00:42:11,029 --> 00:42:13,031
VENTURING OUT AT NIGHT TO FEED.

611
00:42:13,064 --> 00:42:19,804
♪

612
00:42:19,837 --> 00:42:21,972
FISHERMEN TAKE ADVANTAGE
OF THEIR BEHAVIOR

613
00:42:22,006 --> 00:42:23,708
BY SETTING A TRAP.

614
00:42:26,010 --> 00:42:28,045
ESCAPE ROUTES ARE SEALED OFF

615
00:42:28,079 --> 00:42:30,248
BY PLACING A SERIES
OF CIRCULAR NETS

616
00:42:30,281 --> 00:42:33,951
AROUND THE DAYTIME HIDEOUT.

617
00:42:33,985 --> 00:42:36,154
THESE NETS
WILL BE LEFT OVERNIGHT,

618
00:42:36,187 --> 00:42:39,891
AND WITH A BIT OF LUCK, WILL BE
WRITHING WITH FISH BY MORNING.

619
00:42:41,626 --> 00:42:45,630
ZAMBIANS HAVE SURVIVED
BY FISHING HERE FOR CENTURIES,

620
00:42:45,663 --> 00:42:50,168
BUT IN THE BLINK OF AN EYE,
MODERN INDUSTRY RUSHED IN...

621
00:42:50,201 --> 00:42:52,136
NOT TO HARVEST FISH,

622
00:42:52,170 --> 00:42:54,239
BUT RATHER
THE VALUABLE LIMESTONE

623
00:42:54,272 --> 00:42:57,909
FORMED ON THE ANCIENT SEABED
THAT CRADLES THE SWAMP.

624
00:42:59,977 --> 00:43:03,013
IT’S THE KEY INGREDIENT
FOR CEMENT PRODUCTION...

625
00:43:05,016 --> 00:43:08,319
A RESOURCE THAT NOW EMPOWERS
MANY AFRICANS.

626
00:43:13,057 --> 00:43:16,427
WHEN NIGERIAN BUSINESS TYCOON
ALIKO DANGOTE

627
00:43:16,461 --> 00:43:19,064
WON THE RIGHT TO IMPORT CEMENT
INTO NIGERIA,

628
00:43:19,097 --> 00:43:20,865
HIS BUSINESS SOARED.

629
00:43:23,634 --> 00:43:26,403
IT EXPANDED
LIMESTONE MINING IN ZAMBIA,

630
00:43:26,437 --> 00:43:29,006
MAKING WAY
FOR THIS CEMENT FACTORY.

631
00:43:30,975 --> 00:43:36,380
DANGOTE IS NOW RANKED 67th
AMONG THE WORLD’S RICHEST MEN,

632
00:43:36,414 --> 00:43:38,917
AND THE RICHEST
IN ALL OF AFRICA.

633
00:43:40,818 --> 00:43:44,989
HIS WEALTH IS ESTIMATED
AT A STAGGERING $18 BILLION.

634
00:43:48,960 --> 00:43:51,963
THESE MINES HELPED SHAPE
ZAMBIA’S ECONOMY

635
00:43:51,996 --> 00:43:54,932
AND BROUGHT DANGOTE’S DREAM
TO LIFE--

636
00:43:54,966 --> 00:43:57,735
DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS
IN AFRICA...

637
00:44:00,238 --> 00:44:03,274
A PATRIOTIC AND PRAGMATIC VISION

638
00:44:03,307 --> 00:44:06,677
SHARED WITH THE LIKES
OF DR. DAVID LIVINGSTONE,

639
00:44:06,711 --> 00:44:10,181
WHO HAD SEEN SUCH SUCCESS
IN HIS MIND’S EYE,

640
00:44:10,214 --> 00:44:14,452
WHILE LOOKING AT AFRICA THROUGH
THE LENS OF IMPERIAL BRITAIN

641
00:44:14,485 --> 00:44:16,253
MANY YEARS EARLIER.

642
00:44:16,287 --> 00:44:27,999
♪

643
00:44:28,032 --> 00:44:31,202
LIVINGSTONE IS STILL
THE ONLY CITY IN ZAMBIA

644
00:44:31,235 --> 00:44:33,804
THAT RETAINS ITS COLONIAL NAME,

645
00:44:33,838 --> 00:44:36,674
AN INDICATION OF THE KIND
OF RESPECT ZAMBIA HAS

646
00:44:36,707 --> 00:44:41,111
FOR THE GREAT EXPLORER
WHO GAVE HIS LIFE TO AFRICA.

647
00:44:44,015 --> 00:44:45,984
DR. DAVID LIVINGSTON’S LIFE

648
00:44:46,017 --> 00:44:47,452
CAME TO AN END

649
00:44:47,485 --> 00:44:49,053
NEAR THE BANGWEULU SWAMPS

650
00:44:49,086 --> 00:44:50,788
JUST ACROSS THE WATER

651
00:44:50,821 --> 00:44:53,724
FROM DANGOTE’S
CEMENT FACTORY OPERATIONS.

652
00:44:57,461 --> 00:45:00,864
A PART OF HIM REMAINS
IN THIS MIOMBO FOREST.

653
00:45:05,036 --> 00:45:08,039
MALARIA HAD RAVAGED
HIS BODY FOR MONTHS,

654
00:45:08,072 --> 00:45:11,008
AND INTERNAL BLEEDING
CAUSED BY DYSENTERY

655
00:45:11,042 --> 00:45:15,146
FINALLY TOOK HIS LIFE
ON THE FIRST OF MAY 1873.

656
00:45:17,515 --> 00:45:19,951
WHEN HIS AFRICAN ATTENDANTS
FOUND HIM,

657
00:45:19,984 --> 00:45:22,553
HE WAS KNEELING IN FINAL PRAYER.

658
00:45:22,587 --> 00:45:26,958
HIS MEN WERE TORN
WITH HOW TO SAY GOODBYE.

659
00:45:26,991 --> 00:45:30,895
THEY DECIDED TO REMOVE HIS HEART
AND BURY IT HERE.

660
00:45:36,467 --> 00:45:39,070
HIS EMBALMED BODY WAS CARRIED

661
00:45:39,103 --> 00:45:41,372
OVER A THOUSAND MILES
TO THE COAST,

662
00:45:41,405 --> 00:45:46,277
RETURNED TO BRITAIN FOR BURIAL,
WITH A FINAL NOTE STATING:

663
00:45:46,310 --> 00:45:50,915
"YOU CAN HAVE HIS BODY, BUT
HIS HEART BELONGS IN AFRICA."

664
00:46:03,527 --> 00:46:06,930
GONE BUT NOT FORGOTTEN...

665
00:46:06,964 --> 00:46:10,634
AS MODERN-DAY EXPLORERS
RETRACE HIS JOURNEY...

666
00:46:14,005 --> 00:46:16,741
VENTURING THROUGH
PRISTINE PARKS

667
00:46:16,774 --> 00:46:19,043
ONCE WALKED BY NORMAN CARR...

668
00:46:25,616 --> 00:46:27,384
NEAR SACRED PLACES

669
00:46:27,418 --> 00:46:30,388
WHERE TRIBES REKINDLE
THEIR CULTURAL HISTORY...

670
00:46:32,089 --> 00:46:35,025
WORKING WITH NATURE

671
00:46:35,059 --> 00:46:37,862
TO DEFINE THE BALANCE

672
00:46:37,895 --> 00:46:42,833
BETWEEN THE DIG
FOR ZAMBIA’S MINERAL WEALTH

673
00:46:42,867 --> 00:46:45,970
AND THE RACE TO PROTECT
ITS WILD SPACES...

674
00:46:46,003 --> 00:46:51,075
♪

675
00:46:51,108 --> 00:46:54,178
FROM THUNDERING HERDS OF LECHWE,

676
00:46:54,211 --> 00:46:56,313
TO GIANT PODS OF HIPPOS.

677
00:47:00,985 --> 00:47:05,356
WITNESSING THIS PROUD
AFRICAN NATION

678
00:47:05,389 --> 00:47:08,859
MAKES IT EASY TO UNDERSTAND
WHY DAVID LIVINGSTONE

679
00:47:08,893 --> 00:47:11,729
WOULD NOT FORSAKE
THIS MAGNIFICENT COUNTRY.

680
00:47:16,267 --> 00:47:21,539
AS HIS VISION FOR THE CONTINENT
COMES TO LIFE,

681
00:47:21,572 --> 00:47:24,008
HIS SPIRIT LIVES ON...

682
00:47:26,777 --> 00:47:30,981
AS THE MIST FROM VICTORIA FALLS
CONTINUES TO ROAR.

683
00:47:31,015 --> 00:47:42,560
♪

684
00:47:42,593 --> 00:47:52,636
♪

685
00:47:52,670 --> 00:47:58,509
♪