1
00:00:03,537 --> 00:00:04,628
Northern England
2
00:00:04,705 --> 00:00:08,132
Birthplace of
industrial revolution.
3
00:00:08,208 --> 00:00:10,959
Its great cities changed
the history of the world
4
00:00:10,970 --> 00:00:13,387
And helped forge an empire.
5
00:00:15,799 --> 00:00:17,966
A land of contrast...
6
00:00:17,977 --> 00:00:22,888
Where a lightbulb moment
illuminated a whole city...
7
00:00:22,898 --> 00:00:28,485
And an ancient ruin spawned
horror's bloodiest fiend.
8
00:00:28,562 --> 00:00:32,314
From the castle where
harry potter learned to fly,
9
00:00:32,324 --> 00:00:37,819
To the birthplace of a band
that changed pop music forever,
10
00:00:37,830 --> 00:00:42,324
The forest where the legend
of robin hood was born,
11
00:00:42,334 --> 00:00:43,917
And a theater of dreams
12
00:00:43,994 --> 00:00:47,087
Where the world's greatest
team sport plays out.
13
00:00:49,425 --> 00:00:53,093
Ever changing,
always innovating,
14
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Past, present and future
in perfect harmony.
15
00:00:57,433 --> 00:01:00,142
This is northern England.
16
00:01:02,855 --> 00:01:17,692
♪♪
17
00:01:17,703 --> 00:01:19,953
Beadnell bay in northumberland.
18
00:01:20,030 --> 00:01:24,875
A sandy two-mile stretch
of England's northeast coast.
19
00:01:24,952 --> 00:01:26,701
At this northerly latitude,
20
00:01:26,712 --> 00:01:30,956
Winds blowing off the north sea
can be bracing, even in summer.
21
00:01:30,966 --> 00:01:32,966
But for father and son
kite surfers
22
00:01:33,043 --> 00:01:38,222
Kevin and jonny anderson,
it's paradise.
23
00:01:38,298 --> 00:01:40,557
Kevin used to work
in the auto industry,
24
00:01:40,634 --> 00:01:45,479
But left to follow his dream in
the world of adventure sports.
25
00:01:45,556 --> 00:01:48,565
Jonny first took to the water
nine years ago.
26
00:01:48,642 --> 00:01:50,317
Since then,
he's developed a passion
27
00:01:50,394 --> 00:01:52,811
For this exhilarating sport
that's evolved
28
00:01:52,822 --> 00:01:55,656
Into a full-time job
as a kite surfing instructor
29
00:01:55,732 --> 00:01:57,241
With his dad.
30
00:01:59,570 --> 00:02:02,830
The waters of the north sea
are famously cold,
31
00:02:02,906 --> 00:02:04,656
But jonny's not bothered.
32
00:02:04,667 --> 00:02:08,502
Northerners are
famously hardy folk.
33
00:02:08,579 --> 00:02:12,164
Up here, where the tides of
history have turned many times,
34
00:02:12,174 --> 00:02:14,166
There's a real pride of place,
35
00:02:14,176 --> 00:02:17,419
Hard won and
fiercely maintained.
36
00:02:17,429 --> 00:02:22,266
♪♪
37
00:02:22,342 --> 00:02:26,270
This was once the northern
frontier of the roman empire--
38
00:02:26,346 --> 00:02:30,858
Hadrian's wall,
completed around 134 a.D.
39
00:02:30,934 --> 00:02:34,027
A fortified barrier
73 miles long,
40
00:02:34,104 --> 00:02:36,196
Rising 20 feet high,
41
00:02:36,273 --> 00:02:38,991
Dividing britain
from coast to coast.
42
00:02:40,944 --> 00:02:42,119
Built to contain and subdue
43
00:02:42,196 --> 00:02:44,955
The fierce tribes of scotland,
44
00:02:45,032 --> 00:02:47,032
The wall would remain intact,
45
00:02:47,042 --> 00:02:50,294
Manned by legions of soldiers,
for more than three centuries.
46
00:02:54,383 --> 00:02:58,135
The romans abandoned britain
over 1,600 years ago,
47
00:02:58,212 --> 00:03:01,638
But even now, evidence of their
military infrastructure
48
00:03:01,715 --> 00:03:04,141
Can still be seen.
49
00:03:04,218 --> 00:03:06,218
And one of the most
impressive examples
50
00:03:06,228 --> 00:03:08,896
Is right here in northumberland.
51
00:03:10,816 --> 00:03:14,568
Ever since he visited
hadrian's wall at the age of 10,
52
00:03:14,645 --> 00:03:18,063
William cassidy has been
fascinated by archaeology.
53
00:03:18,073 --> 00:03:19,981
Before retirement,
he traveled the world
54
00:03:19,992 --> 00:03:22,734
As a royal air force engineer.
55
00:03:22,745 --> 00:03:25,329
Now, he spends his days
uncovering the secrets
56
00:03:25,405 --> 00:03:29,499
Of this ancient fort
called vindolanda.
57
00:03:29,576 --> 00:03:31,919
Once the front line
of roman britain,
58
00:03:31,995 --> 00:03:34,829
This huge military complex
is the most extensive ruin
59
00:03:34,840 --> 00:03:39,009
Of its kind anywhere in europe.
60
00:03:39,086 --> 00:03:41,678
It contains the remains
of cavalry stables,
61
00:03:41,755 --> 00:03:44,932
Infantry barracks,
administrative offices,
62
00:03:45,008 --> 00:03:46,433
And even a main street
63
00:03:46,510 --> 00:03:50,938
Along which shops and taverns
once stood.
64
00:03:51,014 --> 00:03:53,598
Vindolanda was the largest
of many military bases
65
00:03:53,609 --> 00:03:56,610
South of hadrian's wall.
66
00:03:56,687 --> 00:04:00,781
Romans haven't set foot here
for over 1,600 years.
67
00:04:00,857 --> 00:04:04,368
At least, not ancient romans.
68
00:04:04,444 --> 00:04:07,612
Italian-born site supervisor
marta alberti
69
00:04:07,623 --> 00:04:10,749
Could well be walking
in her ancestors' footsteps.
70
00:04:12,536 --> 00:04:14,369
She's one of the many
archaeologists
71
00:04:14,380 --> 00:04:17,798
Bringing the past to life.
72
00:04:17,874 --> 00:04:21,459
Already, they've unearthed
400 carved wooden pages
73
00:04:21,470 --> 00:04:24,471
Known as the vindolanda tablets;
74
00:04:24,548 --> 00:04:26,548
Remarkable accounts
of daily life at the fort,
75
00:04:26,558 --> 00:04:28,392
From troop movements
76
00:04:28,468 --> 00:04:33,638
To a birthday party invite sent
by the wife of an official,
77
00:04:33,649 --> 00:04:37,484
The earliest known letter
written in latin by a woman.
78
00:04:39,321 --> 00:04:42,314
The romans may have been
the first to conquer britain,
79
00:04:42,324 --> 00:04:44,366
But they weren't the last.
80
00:04:46,996 --> 00:04:50,831
This is alnwick, historic seat
of the dukes of northumberland.
81
00:04:50,907 --> 00:04:54,334
And possibly the most
photographed castle in England.
82
00:04:54,411 --> 00:04:58,830
Founded in 1096, 30 years after
the norman invasion,
83
00:04:58,841 --> 00:05:00,257
It changed hands three times
84
00:05:00,334 --> 00:05:03,176
During the 15th century
war of the roses,
85
00:05:03,253 --> 00:05:05,262
A 32-year struggle
for the english throne
86
00:05:05,339 --> 00:05:10,434
Between the rival factions
of york and lancaster.
87
00:05:10,510 --> 00:05:13,345
For some however, this castle
will always be associated
88
00:05:13,355 --> 00:05:17,098
With the world's
most famous boy wizard.
89
00:05:17,109 --> 00:05:19,684
In "harry potter and
the philosopher's stone,"
90
00:05:19,695 --> 00:05:23,355
Alnwick's battlements became
the walls of hogwarts.
91
00:05:23,365 --> 00:05:25,023
This section was used
as a backdrop
92
00:05:25,034 --> 00:05:26,867
To the scene where harry
is taught to fly
93
00:05:26,943 --> 00:05:28,618
For the first time.
94
00:05:30,622 --> 00:05:33,698
Today, a group of fans,
young and not so young,
95
00:05:33,709 --> 00:05:35,876
Are recreating the memorable
broomstick lesson
96
00:05:35,952 --> 00:05:39,796
Given by madam hooch.
97
00:05:39,873 --> 00:05:41,623
The classes are hugely popular.
98
00:05:41,633 --> 00:05:43,800
A chance for disciples
of the franchise
99
00:05:43,877 --> 00:05:47,304
To indulge their own
flights of fancy,
100
00:05:47,381 --> 00:05:49,389
Without the crash landing.
101
00:05:49,466 --> 00:05:58,139
♪♪
102
00:05:58,150 --> 00:06:00,567
Harry potter's second favorite
mode of transport
103
00:06:00,644 --> 00:06:02,727
Was, of course, steam,
104
00:06:02,738 --> 00:06:06,907
Less fanciful perhaps, but
in some ways just as magical.
105
00:06:08,911 --> 00:06:11,319
Running through the west
yorkshire village of haworth
106
00:06:11,330 --> 00:06:14,906
Is the keighley and worth
valley railway.
107
00:06:14,917 --> 00:06:16,416
A former main line,
108
00:06:16,493 --> 00:06:19,744
Now operated as a self-contained
heritage railway,
109
00:06:19,755 --> 00:06:24,925
It carries over 100,000
tourists every year.
110
00:06:25,001 --> 00:06:26,918
Steam railways like this
111
00:06:26,929 --> 00:06:30,180
Once served the greatest
transport network in the world,
112
00:06:30,257 --> 00:06:32,432
Serving hundreds of
mills and factories
113
00:06:32,509 --> 00:06:34,935
In the industrial
north of England.
114
00:06:37,180 --> 00:06:39,681
The railways would change
England forever,
115
00:06:39,691 --> 00:06:43,944
Opening the way for free
movement of goods and people.
116
00:06:44,020 --> 00:06:47,021
By 1838, manchester and london,
117
00:06:47,032 --> 00:06:49,533
Once separated by
a four-day journey,
118
00:06:49,609 --> 00:06:52,193
Were just four hours apart.
119
00:06:52,204 --> 00:06:54,279
[whistle blows]
120
00:06:54,289 --> 00:06:57,115
For the wealthy industrialists
of the 19th century,
121
00:06:57,126 --> 00:06:59,292
A new age had begun.
122
00:06:59,369 --> 00:07:04,464
♪♪
123
00:07:04,541 --> 00:07:07,292
At one time, this vast
19th century textile mill
124
00:07:07,302 --> 00:07:09,544
At shipley in west yorkshire
125
00:07:09,555 --> 00:07:14,048
Turned vast quantities of raw
fiber into fabrics and clothing.
126
00:07:16,887 --> 00:07:20,063
But it was more than just
a manufacturing plant.
127
00:07:20,140 --> 00:07:22,223
It was a unique
social experiment
128
00:07:22,234 --> 00:07:25,735
Founded by industrialist
sir titus salt.
129
00:07:25,812 --> 00:07:28,905
His statue in nearby
roberts park depicts a man
130
00:07:28,982 --> 00:07:34,244
Who would revolutionize the very
nature of victorian industry.
131
00:07:34,321 --> 00:07:37,071
Sir titus salt
was deeply religious
132
00:07:37,082 --> 00:07:40,074
And considered it his duty
to better the living conditions
133
00:07:40,085 --> 00:07:43,336
Of those who worked for him.
134
00:07:43,413 --> 00:07:47,424
And this was his grand plan,
saltaire,
135
00:07:47,501 --> 00:07:49,834
A model town designed
to fulfill all the needs
136
00:07:49,845 --> 00:07:52,929
Of his workforce
and their families.
137
00:07:55,592 --> 00:07:59,844
And so, in 1853, beside
the leeds and liverpool canal,
138
00:07:59,855 --> 00:08:02,606
Salt built his factory.
139
00:08:02,682 --> 00:08:06,193
Along with it, he built homes,
schools, infirmaries,
140
00:08:06,269 --> 00:08:09,279
Libraries,
and public bath houses,
141
00:08:09,356 --> 00:08:13,283
Insisting that all his employees
bathed at least twice a week.
142
00:08:16,538 --> 00:08:20,198
Saltaire wasn't the first
industrialized model village,
143
00:08:20,209 --> 00:08:24,953
But it was one of the largest
and most successful.
144
00:08:24,963 --> 00:08:30,467
Today it's a unesco
world heritage site.
145
00:08:30,544 --> 00:08:33,470
Salt's experiment
made him famous,
146
00:08:33,547 --> 00:08:37,557
The epitome of a new kind
of enlightened capitalist.
147
00:08:37,634 --> 00:08:39,976
When he died in 1876,
148
00:08:40,053 --> 00:08:44,806
Over 100,000 people, including
thousands of grateful employees,
149
00:08:44,816 --> 00:08:48,560
Lined the route of
his funeral procession.
150
00:08:48,570 --> 00:08:51,488
The same sense of community
that once prevailed here
151
00:08:51,565 --> 00:08:55,733
Resonates elsewhere
in english life.
152
00:08:55,744 --> 00:09:00,321
♪♪
153
00:09:00,332 --> 00:09:02,999
Swimmer jenna chatburn
competed several times
154
00:09:03,076 --> 00:09:05,577
At the english national
championships.
155
00:09:05,587 --> 00:09:08,838
These days, this ornate
mushroom-shaped pool
156
00:09:08,915 --> 00:09:11,416
Is her office.
157
00:09:11,426 --> 00:09:13,176
For the past eight years
she has worked here
158
00:09:13,253 --> 00:09:16,054
As a leisure attendant
and swimming instructor.
159
00:09:19,434 --> 00:09:23,011
To americans,
it's simply an outdoor pool,
160
00:09:23,021 --> 00:09:24,938
But to britons of a certain age,
161
00:09:25,015 --> 00:09:28,016
The lido, a latin word
meaning beach,
162
00:09:28,026 --> 00:09:32,362
Is a place that evokes
unique childhood memories.
163
00:09:32,439 --> 00:09:34,197
This lido at ilkley
near bradford
164
00:09:34,274 --> 00:09:36,357
Was built in the 1930s,
165
00:09:36,368 --> 00:09:38,526
A time when England's
love of outdoor swimming
166
00:09:38,537 --> 00:09:41,788
Was matched by a craze
for art deco design.
167
00:09:45,794 --> 00:09:48,202
Just as these elegant remnants
of 20th century life
168
00:09:48,213 --> 00:09:49,871
Are preserved,
169
00:09:49,881 --> 00:09:52,874
Great swathes of northern
England's natural landscape
170
00:09:52,884 --> 00:09:55,635
Remain untouched by development.
171
00:09:55,712 --> 00:10:02,309
♪♪
172
00:10:02,385 --> 00:10:04,144
The peak district of derbyshire
173
00:10:04,220 --> 00:10:07,472
Was England's first
designated national park
174
00:10:07,482 --> 00:10:12,319
And it still attracts millions
of visitors every year.
175
00:10:12,395 --> 00:10:15,572
Covering over 550 square miles,
176
00:10:15,649 --> 00:10:20,160
Most of it a thousand feet
above sea level.
177
00:10:20,236 --> 00:10:21,819
The landscape of
the peak district
178
00:10:21,830 --> 00:10:25,823
Ranges from high moorlands
and cliffs in the north
179
00:10:25,834 --> 00:10:29,461
To rolling green hills
and dales to the south.
180
00:10:32,090 --> 00:10:34,841
One of the peak district's
most idyllic landscapes
181
00:10:34,918 --> 00:10:37,335
Is the monsal valley...
182
00:10:37,346 --> 00:10:39,587
Its shaded woodlands
and crystal waters
183
00:10:39,598 --> 00:10:42,223
Glorious at the height
of summer.
184
00:10:46,680 --> 00:10:50,181
Friends neil, john, jackie,
and susan live nearby
185
00:10:50,192 --> 00:10:53,101
And walk here together
most days.
186
00:10:53,111 --> 00:10:54,602
It's hard to believe
187
00:10:54,613 --> 00:10:57,864
Anything could spoil
this bucolic splendor.
188
00:10:57,941 --> 00:11:04,612
♪♪
189
00:11:04,623 --> 00:11:07,281
The headstone viaduct
was built in 1863
190
00:11:07,292 --> 00:11:09,951
By the midland railway company,
191
00:11:09,961 --> 00:11:13,129
It spans the river wey and
once completed the rail line
192
00:11:13,206 --> 00:11:16,124
From manchester to london.
193
00:11:16,134 --> 00:11:19,052
But it wasn't to
everybody's taste.
194
00:11:19,129 --> 00:11:21,045
The 19th century writer
john ruskin
195
00:11:21,056 --> 00:11:23,965
Deemed it a monstrosity,
196
00:11:23,975 --> 00:11:26,467
A monument to the greed
of the railway company,
197
00:11:26,478 --> 00:11:31,472
And a blight on the natural
beauty of the peaks.
198
00:11:31,483 --> 00:11:32,899
There hasn't been a train
in the valley
199
00:11:32,976 --> 00:11:36,811
Since the line
was closed in 1968.
200
00:11:36,822 --> 00:11:38,813
But even though
the rails are gone,
201
00:11:38,824 --> 00:11:43,076
This route still sees
a lot of traffic.
202
00:11:43,153 --> 00:11:46,738
Today, it forms part
of an 8.5-mile hiking route
203
00:11:46,748 --> 00:11:49,582
Known as the monsal trail.
204
00:11:54,589 --> 00:11:58,082
Here at this magnificent
stately home in derbyshire,
205
00:11:58,093 --> 00:12:00,677
The sister of a future
american president
206
00:12:00,754 --> 00:12:03,513
Once fell in love
with an english duke.
207
00:12:03,590 --> 00:12:07,100
Chatsworth house,
seat of the dukes of devonshire,
208
00:12:07,177 --> 00:12:09,519
Passed down through
16 generations
209
00:12:09,596 --> 00:12:12,263
Of the cavendish family.
210
00:12:12,274 --> 00:12:15,692
Their vast estate
once covered 35,000 acres
211
00:12:15,769 --> 00:12:18,862
Of the derbyshire countryside.
212
00:12:18,938 --> 00:12:20,438
The house still contains
213
00:12:20,449 --> 00:12:24,451
One of the world's
finest art collections.
214
00:12:24,527 --> 00:12:27,612
In its heyday, chatsworth
employed a staff of 40
215
00:12:27,622 --> 00:12:31,199
To maintain
its day-to-day affairs.
216
00:12:31,209 --> 00:12:33,793
Two full-time window cleaners
worked all year round
217
00:12:33,870 --> 00:12:36,370
To maintain the dukes'
pristine view
218
00:12:36,381 --> 00:12:40,291
Of their magnificent domain.
219
00:12:40,302 --> 00:12:42,886
Chatsworth's 100-acre garden
was created
220
00:12:42,962 --> 00:12:49,050
By England's foremost landscape
designer, capability brown.
221
00:12:49,060 --> 00:12:53,313
At one time, 100 gardeners
tended these grounds.
222
00:12:53,389 --> 00:12:58,226
First set out in 1555,
they were redesigned many times.
223
00:13:01,031 --> 00:13:04,741
1,200 yew trees were planted
to create chatsworth's maze.
224
00:13:04,818 --> 00:13:06,326
It stands on the site
225
00:13:06,402 --> 00:13:10,488
Of what was once England's
largest glass structure:
226
00:13:10,499 --> 00:13:13,491
A greenhouse so vast that
its eight boilers required
227
00:13:13,502 --> 00:13:17,086
An underground railway to keep
them supplied with coal.
228
00:13:20,342 --> 00:13:21,999
For all its good fortune,
229
00:13:22,010 --> 00:13:26,254
Chatsworth has also
known tragedy.
230
00:13:26,264 --> 00:13:28,765
In 1944, kathleen kennedy,
231
00:13:28,842 --> 00:13:32,093
Sister of the future
u.S. President john f. Kennedy,
232
00:13:32,103 --> 00:13:34,428
Married william cavendish.
233
00:13:34,439 --> 00:13:37,431
William, a soldier and
the heir to chatsworth,
234
00:13:37,442 --> 00:13:39,984
Was killed in action
that same year.
235
00:13:41,855 --> 00:13:46,107
Kathleen herself died
in a plane crash in 1948.
236
00:13:46,117 --> 00:13:51,955
♪♪
237
00:13:52,031 --> 00:13:54,866
In derbyshire, at the southeast
of the peak district,
238
00:13:54,876 --> 00:13:58,711
Stands the town of matlock.
239
00:13:58,788 --> 00:14:01,798
Like a swiss alpine village
without the snow,
240
00:14:01,875 --> 00:14:05,626
Matlock seems an unlikely place
to find cable cars,
241
00:14:05,637 --> 00:14:10,557
But they've transformed the
once-faded glory of this town.
242
00:14:10,633 --> 00:14:12,133
In the late 18th century,
243
00:14:12,143 --> 00:14:14,561
Matlock was
a fashionable spa resort
244
00:14:14,637 --> 00:14:16,053
Whose thermal springs
were believed
245
00:14:16,064 --> 00:14:19,232
To have curative properties.
246
00:14:19,309 --> 00:14:22,310
But the real attraction was
located on an escarpment
247
00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:26,823
Above the town, known as
the heights of abraham.
248
00:14:26,900 --> 00:14:28,649
Once, the former workers
of a lead mine
249
00:14:28,660 --> 00:14:30,902
Decommissioned
in the 19th century
250
00:14:30,912 --> 00:14:33,738
Took visitors deep
beneath the earth
251
00:14:33,748 --> 00:14:39,669
And into a labyrinth of
mineshafts and natural caves.
252
00:14:39,746 --> 00:14:41,087
In time, however,
253
00:14:41,164 --> 00:14:43,247
When the thermal springs
lost their appeal
254
00:14:43,258 --> 00:14:46,509
And visitors tired of
the long climb up the hill,
255
00:14:46,586 --> 00:14:50,096
Matlock went into decline.
256
00:14:50,173 --> 00:14:54,517
Until in 1984, a spark of genius
led to the introduction
257
00:14:54,594 --> 00:15:00,514
Of the cable cars and a new era
in the fortunes of the town.
258
00:15:00,525 --> 00:15:03,267
Traveling a third of a mile
in groups of three,
259
00:15:03,278 --> 00:15:06,446
Reaching heights
of more than 500 feet,
260
00:15:06,522 --> 00:15:09,365
The cable cars offer
spectacular views of matlock
261
00:15:09,442 --> 00:15:12,360
And the surrounding landscape
of the peak district.
262
00:15:12,370 --> 00:15:19,283
♪♪
263
00:15:19,294 --> 00:15:24,213
Centuries ago, giant oak forests
covered much of England--
264
00:15:24,290 --> 00:15:26,883
A great sea of green that
would gradually disappear
265
00:15:26,960 --> 00:15:30,553
To make way for
agricultural expansion.
266
00:15:30,630 --> 00:15:32,055
But there are still places
267
00:15:32,131 --> 00:15:35,800
Where vestiges of that
ancient woodland remain.
268
00:15:35,810 --> 00:15:38,803
And here in the northwestern
county of nottinghamshire
269
00:15:38,813 --> 00:15:42,899
Stands the most famous
of them all: Sherwood forest.
270
00:15:44,819 --> 00:15:46,394
These are the woods
271
00:15:46,404 --> 00:15:48,988
Where the legendary
medieval outlaw robin hood
272
00:15:49,065 --> 00:15:51,324
Is said to have lived,
273
00:15:51,401 --> 00:15:55,653
Robbing the rich
to help the poor.
274
00:15:55,664 --> 00:15:57,405
In the middle ages,
275
00:15:57,415 --> 00:16:00,491
Sherwood was the hunting ground
of kings and princes,
276
00:16:00,502 --> 00:16:04,671
And it covered nearly
a quarter of the county.
277
00:16:04,747 --> 00:16:08,007
Today, just 1,000 acres remain,
278
00:16:08,084 --> 00:16:10,927
Protected as
a national nature reserve.
279
00:16:13,765 --> 00:16:17,591
At the heart of sherwood stands
the tree, according to legend,
280
00:16:17,602 --> 00:16:22,513
That sheltered robin and
his merry men as they slept.
281
00:16:22,524 --> 00:16:25,108
The tree measures
33 feet around the base
282
00:16:25,184 --> 00:16:27,610
And weighs around 23 tons,
283
00:16:27,687 --> 00:16:30,021
Its massive limbs have been
supported by scaffolding
284
00:16:30,031 --> 00:16:33,274
Since victorian times.
285
00:16:33,284 --> 00:16:35,785
Thought to be
at least 800 years old,
286
00:16:35,862 --> 00:16:38,204
The major oak would almost
certainly have been alive
287
00:16:38,281 --> 00:16:40,123
During the late medieval period
288
00:16:40,199 --> 00:16:42,709
In which robin hood's
legend is set.
289
00:16:46,297 --> 00:16:47,964
At the nearby village
of edwinstowe
290
00:16:48,041 --> 00:16:50,291
In the heart of sherwood forest,
291
00:16:50,301 --> 00:16:52,710
The 12th century
church of saint mary
292
00:16:52,721 --> 00:16:56,889
Attracts thousands
of visitors every year.
293
00:16:56,966 --> 00:16:58,632
According to legend,
294
00:16:58,643 --> 00:17:02,136
It was here that robin hood
and maid marion were wed.
295
00:17:02,147 --> 00:17:07,892
♪♪
296
00:17:07,902 --> 00:17:10,236
Told and retold
over the centuries,
297
00:17:10,313 --> 00:17:14,231
The legend of robin hood has
adapted to suit a changing world
298
00:17:14,242 --> 00:17:17,744
Without ever losing
its connection to the past.
299
00:17:17,820 --> 00:17:19,403
And the same can be said
300
00:17:19,414 --> 00:17:24,417
Of northern England's
greatest city, manchester.
301
00:17:24,494 --> 00:17:26,419
Once a hub of commerce
and manufacture
302
00:17:26,496 --> 00:17:29,756
Like nowhere else on earth,
in the 19th century,
303
00:17:29,832 --> 00:17:33,217
It would become the world's
first fully industrialized city.
304
00:17:35,338 --> 00:17:38,005
Today, its innovative
architecture and gleaming towers
305
00:17:38,016 --> 00:17:41,350
Reflect a new phase
in manchester's history.
306
00:17:44,189 --> 00:17:46,856
On quays that once jostled
with trade ships,
307
00:17:46,933 --> 00:17:49,517
Stood warehouses crammed full
of the raw material
308
00:17:49,527 --> 00:17:53,187
That gave manchester
its 19th century nickname,
309
00:17:53,198 --> 00:17:54,864
Cottonopolis.
310
00:17:58,703 --> 00:18:00,861
Founded in 79 a.D.,
311
00:18:00,872 --> 00:18:02,955
The roman fort of mamucium
312
00:18:03,032 --> 00:18:06,700
Would grow to become
England's second city.
313
00:18:06,711 --> 00:18:09,703
Built for the modern equivalent
of three billion dollars,
314
00:18:09,714 --> 00:18:12,715
The ship canal that connected it
to the port of liverpool
315
00:18:12,792 --> 00:18:16,627
Was once the longest river
navigation system in the world.
316
00:18:19,465 --> 00:18:22,308
Three fifths of all the cotton
produced in the u.S.
317
00:18:22,385 --> 00:18:26,387
Once passed through
these waters.
318
00:18:26,397 --> 00:18:28,305
During the american civil war,
319
00:18:28,316 --> 00:18:30,224
That same industry
was devastated
320
00:18:30,235 --> 00:18:31,559
When the city's workforce
321
00:18:31,569 --> 00:18:35,321
Refused to handle
slave-picked cotton.
322
00:18:35,398 --> 00:18:37,815
A stance that president lincoln
would later praise
323
00:18:37,826 --> 00:18:40,827
As "sublime christian heroism."
324
00:18:42,831 --> 00:18:44,738
As its heavy industries
declined,
325
00:18:44,749 --> 00:18:46,323
The city would survive,
326
00:18:46,334 --> 00:18:50,411
Renewing its own fortune
through innovation.
327
00:18:50,421 --> 00:18:52,329
And it was at
manchester university
328
00:18:52,340 --> 00:18:56,500
That much of that
innovation took place.
329
00:18:56,511 --> 00:19:00,429
Here in 1917,
the nuclear age began,
330
00:19:00,506 --> 00:19:03,683
When the pioneering work
of physicist ernest rutherford
331
00:19:03,759 --> 00:19:06,519
Resulted in the splitting
of the atom.
332
00:19:09,357 --> 00:19:10,848
Another manchester alumnus
333
00:19:10,859 --> 00:19:14,018
Was the brilliant mathematician
alan turing,
334
00:19:14,028 --> 00:19:16,437
Who deciphered
germany's enigma machine
335
00:19:16,447 --> 00:19:20,941
And changed the course
of the second world war.
336
00:19:20,952 --> 00:19:22,860
At his office in this building,
337
00:19:22,871 --> 00:19:25,371
Turing's work on
artificial intelligence
338
00:19:25,448 --> 00:19:28,541
Would lay the foundations
for modern computing.
339
00:19:30,712 --> 00:19:35,456
Tragically, turing was betrayed
by the prejudice of his time.
340
00:19:35,466 --> 00:19:38,467
Criminally convicted
for homosexuality,
341
00:19:38,544 --> 00:19:41,596
He took his own life in 1954.
342
00:19:43,549 --> 00:19:49,145
Manchester continues to innovate
through architecture and design.
343
00:19:49,222 --> 00:19:51,472
The award-winning
civil justice building
344
00:19:51,482 --> 00:19:54,817
Is known to locals
as the filing cabinet.
345
00:19:56,812 --> 00:19:58,479
Half a mile south,
346
00:19:58,489 --> 00:20:03,075
The 47-story beetham tower
rises high above the city;
347
00:20:03,152 --> 00:20:06,162
One of the thinnest skyscrapers
in the world.
348
00:20:08,666 --> 00:20:11,000
In a city once known
for its smog,
349
00:20:11,077 --> 00:20:13,827
One angel square is
among the cleanest,
350
00:20:13,838 --> 00:20:16,747
Most progressive designs
in europe.
351
00:20:16,758 --> 00:20:19,917
It's heated by
passive solar gain.
352
00:20:19,928 --> 00:20:23,587
It recycles both
rain and wastewater,
353
00:20:23,598 --> 00:20:26,265
And even though
3,000 people work here,
354
00:20:26,342 --> 00:20:30,311
The entire building has a
carbon emissions rating of zero.
355
00:20:33,933 --> 00:20:37,276
Once the heart of cottonopolis,
salford quays epitomize
356
00:20:37,353 --> 00:20:42,022
Manchester's 21st century
regeneration.
357
00:20:42,033 --> 00:20:46,443
Flanking the canal,
the t.V. Studios of media city
358
00:20:46,454 --> 00:20:48,537
And the deconstructed
architecture
359
00:20:48,614 --> 00:20:50,998
Of the imperial war museum.
360
00:20:53,202 --> 00:20:56,545
And completing the cultural
triangle, the lowry,
361
00:20:56,622 --> 00:20:58,381
An arts and theater complex
362
00:20:58,457 --> 00:21:02,718
Named after manchester's most
famous painter, l.S. Lowry.
363
00:21:05,464 --> 00:21:08,057
Close by,
at another great theater,
364
00:21:08,134 --> 00:21:12,386
A different kind of drama
plays out.
365
00:21:12,397 --> 00:21:16,473
This is old trafford, home to
the world's richest soccer club,
366
00:21:16,484 --> 00:21:18,401
Manchester united.
367
00:21:20,563 --> 00:21:22,655
Known as the theater of dreams,
368
00:21:22,732 --> 00:21:25,065
This stadium has seen some
of the greatest players
369
00:21:25,076 --> 00:21:26,817
The game has ever known,
370
00:21:26,828 --> 00:21:29,078
And two of its most
legendary managers,
371
00:21:29,155 --> 00:21:33,824
Sir matt busby and
sir alex ferguson.
372
00:21:33,835 --> 00:21:37,503
The club is currently owned
by the american glazer family,
373
00:21:37,580 --> 00:21:43,009
Who also own the tampa bay
buccaneers nfl franchise.
374
00:21:43,085 --> 00:21:46,679
Recently valued
at $4.12 billion,
375
00:21:46,756 --> 00:21:51,851
Manchester united is little
short of a global phenomenon.
376
00:21:51,927 --> 00:21:53,602
But that's of mere
passing interest
377
00:21:53,679 --> 00:21:55,763
To the people of salford.
378
00:21:55,773 --> 00:21:58,441
With its history deeply rooted
in the community,
379
00:21:58,517 --> 00:22:03,354
United is and always will be
their team.
380
00:22:03,364 --> 00:22:09,535
♪♪
381
00:22:09,612 --> 00:22:13,364
For sam chesters, soccer is
more than just a game.
382
00:22:13,374 --> 00:22:16,792
In 1944, her grandfather
owen chesters
383
00:22:16,869 --> 00:22:21,705
Founded barr hill
ladies football club at salford.
384
00:22:21,716 --> 00:22:25,551
Sam's been playing on this pitch
since the age of 10.
385
00:22:27,388 --> 00:22:29,963
It's all about team spirit
and camaraderie,
386
00:22:29,974 --> 00:22:33,017
Honed with a fierce,
competitive edge.
387
00:22:36,555 --> 00:22:38,222
Sam has played every defensive
388
00:22:38,232 --> 00:22:40,566
And attacking position
in the game,
389
00:22:40,643 --> 00:22:44,487
But the one that appealed
to her most was goalkeeping.
390
00:22:44,563 --> 00:22:50,150
In a way, she's following
an old family tradition.
391
00:22:50,161 --> 00:22:54,571
Sam's grandfather arthur also
kept goal for a local team.
392
00:22:54,582 --> 00:22:58,084
That team just happened to be
manchester united.
393
00:23:00,421 --> 00:23:04,090
Of course, soccer's not the only
way to fill a stadium.
394
00:23:04,166 --> 00:23:07,468
Who needs a ball when
you can have "wonderwall?"
395
00:23:11,924 --> 00:23:15,175
After world war ii,
suburbs like burnage,
396
00:23:15,186 --> 00:23:17,344
Just four miles
south of manchester,
397
00:23:17,355 --> 00:23:21,265
Saw an explosion
in their population.
398
00:23:21,275 --> 00:23:24,601
And as the children of the
baby boomers found their voice,
399
00:23:24,612 --> 00:23:29,440
Creativity surged from these
conservative red-brick homes.
400
00:23:29,450 --> 00:23:31,367
Gallagher brothers
liam and noel
401
00:23:31,444 --> 00:23:35,446
Formed their band oasis
not far from here.
402
00:23:35,456 --> 00:23:37,114
This playing field
was the backdrop
403
00:23:37,125 --> 00:23:41,293
To the video for "shaker maker,"
one of their first hits.
404
00:23:43,456 --> 00:23:45,622
In the lyrics,
noel gallagher wrote,
405
00:23:45,633 --> 00:23:50,970
"mr. Sifter sold me songs
when I was just 16."
406
00:23:51,046 --> 00:23:53,389
And this was what
he was singing about:
407
00:23:53,466 --> 00:23:56,300
Sifters record shop on fog lane,
408
00:23:56,310 --> 00:23:58,394
A favorite haunt
of the gallagher brothers
409
00:23:58,471 --> 00:24:00,813
Long before they were famous.
410
00:24:00,890 --> 00:24:10,823
♪♪
411
00:24:10,900 --> 00:24:14,493
Before cheap air travel opened
up the sunspots of europe,
412
00:24:14,570 --> 00:24:17,654
This is where northerners
came on holiday:
413
00:24:17,665 --> 00:24:21,417
Blackpool, 40 miles northwest
of manchester,
414
00:24:21,494 --> 00:24:24,336
England's most famous resort.
415
00:24:27,750 --> 00:24:30,009
Blackpool was once
a fashionable spa town
416
00:24:30,085 --> 00:24:32,761
For well-to-do victorians.
417
00:24:32,838 --> 00:24:35,422
But when the railways brought it
within reach of factory towns
418
00:24:35,433 --> 00:24:38,350
Across the northwest,
everything changed.
419
00:24:40,688 --> 00:24:43,680
Happy to escape the tedium
of their working lives,
420
00:24:43,691 --> 00:24:45,516
If only for a few days,
421
00:24:45,526 --> 00:24:48,861
Workers flocked to blackpool
in their thousands.
422
00:24:50,606 --> 00:24:52,448
Today, the town's pleasure beach
423
00:24:52,525 --> 00:24:55,868
Is England's most popular
amusement park.
424
00:24:55,945 --> 00:24:57,620
Along with the carousels
and waltzers
425
00:24:57,696 --> 00:24:59,696
Of the central and north pier,
426
00:24:59,707 --> 00:25:02,783
The park is home to
giant roller coasters,
427
00:25:02,793 --> 00:25:06,045
Including britain's highest,
the big one.
428
00:25:06,121 --> 00:25:17,223
♪♪
429
00:25:17,299 --> 00:25:21,885
But it's at night that blackpool
really comes alive.
430
00:25:21,896 --> 00:25:24,721
Every autumn, a million bulbs
create a light show
431
00:25:24,732 --> 00:25:28,475
Known as
the blackpool illuminations.
432
00:25:28,486 --> 00:25:33,230
And its centerpiece is
the 518-foot blackpool tower,
433
00:25:33,241 --> 00:25:37,826
One of northern England's
most iconic landmarks.
434
00:25:37,903 --> 00:25:39,578
Modeled on the eiffel tower,
435
00:25:39,655 --> 00:25:42,706
It has overlooked the promenade
since 1894.
436
00:25:45,411 --> 00:25:49,329
Back then, visitors paid
the princely sum of one shilling
437
00:25:49,340 --> 00:25:52,132
To take the elevator
to the observation deck.
438
00:25:55,346 --> 00:25:58,255
In 1879, the street lights
of blackpool
439
00:25:58,266 --> 00:26:00,173
Became one of the first
in the world
440
00:26:00,184 --> 00:26:03,102
To be powered by electricity,
441
00:26:03,178 --> 00:26:08,190
An innovation that would forever
change the way people lived.
442
00:26:08,267 --> 00:26:09,858
Not that there's anything wrong
443
00:26:09,935 --> 00:26:12,278
With wanting things
to stay the same.
444
00:26:12,354 --> 00:26:18,358
♪♪
445
00:26:18,369 --> 00:26:20,452
The rugged beauty
of the yorkshire moors
446
00:26:20,529 --> 00:26:22,788
Is often shrouded by
the clouds and rain
447
00:26:22,865 --> 00:26:26,250
Of an unforgiving climate;
but not today.
448
00:26:28,287 --> 00:26:30,621
These classic british roadsters,
449
00:26:30,631 --> 00:26:32,122
One of which featured memorably
450
00:26:32,133 --> 00:26:36,385
In mel brooks' 1976 film
silent movie ,
451
00:26:36,462 --> 00:26:38,721
Are morgans.
452
00:26:38,797 --> 00:26:41,298
They're hand-built, with
a distinctive look and feel
453
00:26:41,309 --> 00:26:43,851
That's hardly changed
in decades.
454
00:26:48,316 --> 00:26:50,816
Richard and sandy cole
like them so much,
455
00:26:50,893 --> 00:26:53,569
They spent the best part
of their life savings on one,
456
00:26:53,646 --> 00:26:57,731
And they don't regret that
for a second.
457
00:26:57,742 --> 00:27:00,233
A retired royal air force
combat pilot,
458
00:27:00,244 --> 00:27:02,328
Richard saw active duty
over iraq
459
00:27:02,404 --> 00:27:04,997
During operation desert storm.
460
00:27:06,834 --> 00:27:09,743
These days, though he still
travels in formation,
461
00:27:09,754 --> 00:27:12,162
It's a little closer
to the ground.
462
00:27:12,173 --> 00:27:18,919
♪♪
463
00:27:18,929 --> 00:27:21,171
For all the world,
the village of haworth
464
00:27:21,182 --> 00:27:25,592
On the edge of the moors
looks frozen in time.
465
00:27:25,603 --> 00:27:27,344
It would appear
little has changed
466
00:27:27,355 --> 00:27:29,680
Since clergyman patrick bronte
came here
467
00:27:29,690 --> 00:27:33,525
In the early 19th century.
468
00:27:33,602 --> 00:27:37,521
Three of the parson's daughters,
charlotte, emily and anne,
469
00:27:37,531 --> 00:27:42,693
Would write some of the greatest
novels in english literature.
470
00:27:42,703 --> 00:27:45,696
In her late 20s, emily wrote
"wuthering heights,"
471
00:27:45,706 --> 00:27:48,040
Using the moors as
an unforgettable backdrop
472
00:27:48,117 --> 00:27:51,377
To her masterpiece.
473
00:27:51,453 --> 00:27:54,705
The intense passion of cathy
and heathcliff's doomed romance
474
00:27:54,715 --> 00:27:58,125
Still resonates to this day,
475
00:27:58,135 --> 00:27:59,710
Made even more poignant
476
00:27:59,720 --> 00:28:02,596
By the fate of its author
and her sisters.
477
00:28:05,801 --> 00:28:09,052
Tragically, all three
would die young.
478
00:28:09,063 --> 00:28:11,388
Anne was buried in scarborough.
479
00:28:11,399 --> 00:28:15,308
Her sisters lie here in
the family vault at haworth.
480
00:28:15,319 --> 00:28:25,661
♪♪
481
00:28:25,738 --> 00:28:29,573
In 1890, the irish author
bram stoker paid a visit
482
00:28:29,583 --> 00:28:33,001
To the fishing village of whitby
on the yorkshire coast.
483
00:28:35,506 --> 00:28:37,840
A random book choice
at a local library
484
00:28:37,916 --> 00:28:39,425
Could well have inspired
the creation
485
00:28:39,501 --> 00:28:42,753
Of the greatest fiend
of horror culture,
486
00:28:42,763 --> 00:28:44,838
Count dracula.
487
00:28:44,849 --> 00:28:48,341
[thunder]
488
00:28:48,352 --> 00:28:50,510
During his time here,
stoker visited
489
00:28:50,521 --> 00:28:53,930
The atmospheric 16th century
ruin of whitby abbey.
490
00:28:53,941 --> 00:28:55,607
[thunder]
491
00:28:55,684 --> 00:28:58,861
Its ghostly silhouette
would fire his imagination.
492
00:28:58,937 --> 00:29:04,274
♪♪
493
00:29:04,285 --> 00:29:05,942
Stoker was especially intrigued
494
00:29:05,953 --> 00:29:10,539
By the constantly changing light
on the abbey's walls,
495
00:29:10,616 --> 00:29:12,199
Not to mention
the thousands of bats
496
00:29:12,209 --> 00:29:14,951
He found roosting
in its shadows.
497
00:29:17,790 --> 00:29:20,874
Later, at a library that once
stood on the village quay,
498
00:29:20,885 --> 00:29:22,468
He found a history book
499
00:29:22,544 --> 00:29:26,296
That mentioned a mysterious
transylvanian count.
500
00:29:26,307 --> 00:29:29,600
And so, a blood-soaked
legend was born.
501
00:29:32,221 --> 00:29:35,388
In stoker's tale,
the ship carrying dracula
502
00:29:35,399 --> 00:29:38,650
Is driven ashore at whitby
during a storm.
503
00:29:38,727 --> 00:29:40,736
Coming ashore as a black dog,
504
00:29:40,813 --> 00:29:42,562
The shadow of the count
soon falls
505
00:29:42,573 --> 00:29:45,324
Over the sleepy fishing village.
506
00:29:45,400 --> 00:29:47,826
[thunder]
507
00:29:47,903 --> 00:29:49,536
[bird squawks]
508
00:29:52,157 --> 00:29:55,167
Whitby continues to attract
fans of the legend,
509
00:29:55,244 --> 00:29:56,576
Some of whom have
even been known
510
00:29:56,587 --> 00:29:59,588
To ask for dracula's grave.
511
00:29:59,665 --> 00:30:02,833
Such is the power of the novel.
512
00:30:02,843 --> 00:30:08,764
♪♪
513
00:30:08,841 --> 00:30:10,599
268 miles long,
514
00:30:10,676 --> 00:30:12,184
The pennine mountain range
515
00:30:12,261 --> 00:30:15,771
Stretches from derbyshire
to the scottish border.
516
00:30:15,848 --> 00:30:17,013
Separating northwest England
517
00:30:17,024 --> 00:30:18,190
From yorkshire,
518
00:30:18,267 --> 00:30:19,182
They are known as
519
00:30:19,193 --> 00:30:21,276
The backbone of England.
520
00:30:23,772 --> 00:30:27,023
In the pennine uplands
of yorkshire lie the dales,
521
00:30:27,034 --> 00:30:29,526
An area of outstanding
natural beauty
522
00:30:29,537 --> 00:30:34,281
And a national park since 1954.
523
00:30:34,291 --> 00:30:37,960
800 square miles of stunning
hills and u-shaped valleys
524
00:30:38,036 --> 00:30:40,120
That yorkshire people
have long since dubbed
525
00:30:40,130 --> 00:30:42,005
"god's own country."
526
00:30:44,635 --> 00:30:46,301
Farmed for thousands of years,
527
00:30:46,378 --> 00:30:49,129
The rolling pastures of
its foothills are divided
528
00:30:49,139 --> 00:30:53,225
Into a vast patchwork of fields
by dry stone walls.
529
00:30:56,063 --> 00:30:58,897
From the highest point
at the top of whernside hill,
530
00:30:58,974 --> 00:31:02,150
You can see blackpool
50 miles to the south.
531
00:31:05,898 --> 00:31:07,322
At the foot of whernside,
532
00:31:07,399 --> 00:31:09,491
The settle carlisle railway line
533
00:31:09,568 --> 00:31:12,619
Crosses the spectacular
ribblehead viaduct...
534
00:31:14,915 --> 00:31:18,083
A 19th century bridge
whose 24 stone arches
535
00:31:18,160 --> 00:31:20,419
Took four years to build.
536
00:31:25,342 --> 00:31:28,010
It's said that
an accidental train journey
537
00:31:28,086 --> 00:31:31,930
Gave yorkshire one of
its best-loved institutions.
538
00:31:35,677 --> 00:31:40,439
Every year, England consumes
60 billion cups of tea,
539
00:31:40,515 --> 00:31:42,098
Many of them sipped in tearooms
540
00:31:42,109 --> 00:31:46,102
Like bettys in the yorkshire
town of harrogate.
541
00:31:46,113 --> 00:31:50,699
Bettys was established in 1919,
when, legend has it,
542
00:31:50,776 --> 00:31:53,193
A swiss immigrant called
frederick belmont
543
00:31:53,203 --> 00:31:55,037
Boarded the wrong train
in london
544
00:31:55,113 --> 00:31:58,957
And ended up in harrogate
by chance.
545
00:31:59,034 --> 00:32:00,617
A confectioner by trade,
546
00:32:00,628 --> 00:32:04,296
Belmont fell in love with
the town and set up shop,
547
00:32:04,373 --> 00:32:07,123
Serving tea and
swiss confectionary;
548
00:32:07,134 --> 00:32:09,801
A winning formula,
as it turned out.
549
00:32:12,139 --> 00:32:13,964
Oddly, given the fame
of this tearoom,
550
00:32:13,974 --> 00:32:15,465
Nobody is quite sure
551
00:32:15,476 --> 00:32:18,352
Where the name bettys
actually came from.
552
00:32:23,067 --> 00:32:25,484
The undulating roads
of the yorkshire dales,
553
00:32:25,560 --> 00:32:30,989
Largely free of traffic, are
ideal for serious road cycling.
554
00:32:31,066 --> 00:32:34,067
The sport has become
hugely popular in recent years,
555
00:32:34,078 --> 00:32:36,244
Thanks in part
to the 20 gold medals
556
00:32:36,321 --> 00:32:40,290
Won by british cyclists at
the last two summer olympics.
557
00:32:42,252 --> 00:32:44,828
As of 2018,
britons also dominate
558
00:32:44,838 --> 00:32:46,913
The greatest road race
of them all:
559
00:32:46,924 --> 00:32:51,843
The tour de France, winning six
out of the last seven events.
560
00:32:54,098 --> 00:32:56,256
In typically proud
yorkshire fashion,
561
00:32:56,266 --> 00:32:59,843
Richmond cycle club claims to be
one of the oldest in britain,
562
00:32:59,853 --> 00:33:01,770
If not the world.
563
00:33:05,767 --> 00:33:08,518
Leader of the pack sven wardle
has been cycling the dales
564
00:33:08,529 --> 00:33:10,353
For over 20 years,
565
00:33:10,364 --> 00:33:11,947
Competing on
the toughest circuits
566
00:33:12,024 --> 00:33:14,616
This terrain has to offer.
567
00:33:17,454 --> 00:33:19,946
Sven's dedication to the sport
has seen him take on
568
00:33:19,957 --> 00:33:23,366
The most challenging
mountain roads in europe,
569
00:33:23,377 --> 00:33:25,210
Attempting the same
murderous ascents
570
00:33:25,287 --> 00:33:28,171
Faced by tour de France
cyclists.
571
00:33:30,292 --> 00:33:32,718
Every year, richmond cycle club
organizes a race
572
00:33:32,794 --> 00:33:35,128
Through the dales--
573
00:33:35,139 --> 00:33:37,714
A challenging 118-mile ride
574
00:33:37,725 --> 00:33:41,059
That includes seriously tough
uphill sections.
575
00:33:45,140 --> 00:33:49,401
Not all the byways of the north
are quite so unforgiving.
576
00:33:49,478 --> 00:33:51,895
Take penny lane for example,
577
00:33:51,905 --> 00:33:56,158
Enshrined in song by four
of England's most famous sons.
578
00:33:58,996 --> 00:34:01,488
The early morning sun
seems to bring this statue
579
00:34:01,498 --> 00:34:05,250
Of john, paul, george and ringo
to life.
580
00:34:05,327 --> 00:34:07,327
Even now, almost half a century
581
00:34:07,337 --> 00:34:09,921
Since they became
global superstars,
582
00:34:09,998 --> 00:34:13,341
The fab four are still heroes
in their hometown.
583
00:34:17,005 --> 00:34:19,923
From their early gigs
at the cavern club
584
00:34:19,933 --> 00:34:22,592
To the streets and parks
of their childhood,
585
00:34:22,603 --> 00:34:27,606
Liverpool inspired many of
the beatles' most famous songs.
586
00:34:27,682 --> 00:34:29,766
And fans still come
in search of locations
587
00:34:29,777 --> 00:34:33,695
Immortalized in the lyrics
they wrote.
588
00:34:33,772 --> 00:34:37,440
This is strawberry fields in
the liverpool suburb of woolton
589
00:34:37,451 --> 00:34:41,119
Where john lennon attended
garden parties as a child.
590
00:34:41,196 --> 00:34:44,456
The name would inspire one
of his most personal songs.
591
00:34:48,120 --> 00:34:50,128
The stop where a young
paul mccartney caught the bus
592
00:34:50,205 --> 00:34:52,881
To his friend john's house
would become famous
593
00:34:52,958 --> 00:34:56,134
As penny lane's "shelter in
the middle of the roundabout."
594
00:34:58,972 --> 00:35:02,390
Today, it's part of a magical
mystery tour experience,
595
00:35:02,467 --> 00:35:04,634
Taking fans around
the various locations
596
00:35:04,645 --> 00:35:06,603
Associated with the band.
597
00:35:09,891 --> 00:35:14,894
And yes, there's even
a yellow submarine.
598
00:35:14,905 --> 00:35:16,396
During the summer months,
599
00:35:16,406 --> 00:35:19,241
Dedicated fans can spend
"a hard day's night"
600
00:35:19,317 --> 00:35:20,733
In the psychedelic interior
601
00:35:20,744 --> 00:35:24,329
Of this 1960s-themed
floating hotel.
602
00:35:28,660 --> 00:35:30,410
The peace monument
of king's dock
603
00:35:30,420 --> 00:35:32,420
Commemorates the life
of john lennon
604
00:35:32,497 --> 00:35:35,423
And his long-held dream
of world peace.
605
00:35:38,262 --> 00:35:41,012
Created by american artist
lauren voiers,
606
00:35:41,089 --> 00:35:44,591
It was unveiled on
October the 9th, 2010,
607
00:35:44,601 --> 00:35:47,853
On what would have been
lennon's 70th birthday.
608
00:35:51,516 --> 00:35:52,691
[ship horn blows]
609
00:35:52,767 --> 00:35:54,192
On the estuary
610
00:35:54,269 --> 00:35:57,112
Where the river mersey
flows into the irish sea,
611
00:35:57,189 --> 00:36:01,032
Liverpool was once known as
England's gateway to the world.
612
00:36:03,370 --> 00:36:04,870
From here, goods and people
613
00:36:04,946 --> 00:36:08,031
Flowed to and from
every part of the globe.
614
00:36:08,041 --> 00:36:12,702
This trade made liverpool the
richest city outside of london,
615
00:36:12,713 --> 00:36:14,045
With buildings on a par
616
00:36:14,122 --> 00:36:16,882
With anything the capital
had to offer.
617
00:36:16,958 --> 00:36:23,880
♪♪
618
00:36:23,891 --> 00:36:25,632
By the late 19th century,
619
00:36:25,642 --> 00:36:28,977
Britain's industrial revolution
began losing steam,
620
00:36:29,054 --> 00:36:31,804
And liverpool suffered
a long decline.
621
00:36:34,643 --> 00:36:36,401
But just like manchester,
622
00:36:36,478 --> 00:36:40,572
The city has found ways to forge
a new future from its past.
623
00:36:43,327 --> 00:36:45,493
The warehouses of
the royal albert dock
624
00:36:45,570 --> 00:36:49,572
Were once vast storage sites
for goods and raw materials.
625
00:36:49,583 --> 00:36:51,908
Today, its shops, museums
and galleries
626
00:36:51,919 --> 00:36:54,920
Attract four million visitors
every year.
627
00:36:57,758 --> 00:37:02,585
The river mersey has always been
the soul of liverpool,
628
00:37:02,596 --> 00:37:04,763
But there are places
in northern England
629
00:37:04,839 --> 00:37:07,340
Where water has come
to define the landscape
630
00:37:07,351 --> 00:37:09,809
In even more inspiring ways.
631
00:37:11,680 --> 00:37:15,181
This is kirkstone mountain pass
in cumbria,
632
00:37:15,192 --> 00:37:18,026
Gateway to the lake district
national park,
633
00:37:18,103 --> 00:37:22,614
A magical landscape of hills,
lakes and woodlands
634
00:37:22,691 --> 00:37:24,616
That for centuries has
fired the imagination
635
00:37:24,693 --> 00:37:26,868
Of writers and poets.
636
00:37:29,122 --> 00:37:32,115
The 3,000-foot monolith
of scafell pike
637
00:37:32,125 --> 00:37:36,294
Is England's highest mountain.
638
00:37:36,371 --> 00:37:39,631
Surrounding it are the great
peaks of the southern fells...
639
00:37:41,551 --> 00:37:44,127
An ancient landscape
whose grandeur and majesty
640
00:37:44,137 --> 00:37:47,264
Never fails to impress
those who come here.
641
00:37:50,060 --> 00:37:52,060
Radiating outward on all sides
642
00:37:52,137 --> 00:37:54,813
And covering an area
of 900 square miles
643
00:37:54,889 --> 00:37:58,108
Are the lakelands that give
this region its name.
644
00:38:00,395 --> 00:38:02,904
The dark glacial lake
of wast water
645
00:38:02,981 --> 00:38:05,407
Is the deepest in britain,
646
00:38:05,483 --> 00:38:11,579
258 feet at its lowest point.
647
00:38:11,656 --> 00:38:15,408
Ullswater, nine miles long
and nearly a mile wide,
648
00:38:15,419 --> 00:38:19,170
Is the national park's
second biggest lake,
649
00:38:19,247 --> 00:38:24,092
And to many, the most beautiful
in England.
650
00:38:24,169 --> 00:38:26,761
To the south, the great ribbon
lake of windermere
651
00:38:26,838 --> 00:38:29,222
Is the largest in England.
652
00:38:31,343 --> 00:38:34,436
11 miles long, it's a haven
for pleasure cruisers
653
00:38:34,512 --> 00:38:36,929
And sportspeople alike.
654
00:38:39,768 --> 00:38:44,946
Since 1938, the mv swan has been
a familiar sight on windermere,
655
00:38:45,023 --> 00:38:46,531
Offering tourists a taste
656
00:38:46,608 --> 00:38:48,858
Of what the aptly named poet
william wordsworth
657
00:38:48,869 --> 00:38:52,996
Once described as
"a universe of fairest forms."
658
00:38:55,784 --> 00:38:59,952
And this was his home,
dove cottage.
659
00:38:59,963 --> 00:39:03,623
The romantic poet lived most of
his life in the lake district,
660
00:39:03,633 --> 00:39:07,877
And it would inspire some
of his greatest work.
661
00:39:07,888 --> 00:39:10,221
Long before it was
a national park,
662
00:39:10,298 --> 00:39:12,140
He saw it as a natural resource
663
00:39:12,217 --> 00:39:14,934
That everyone had
the right to enjoy.
664
00:39:17,731 --> 00:39:20,982
In 1889, when the mv raven
was first launched
665
00:39:21,059 --> 00:39:25,728
On ullswater lake,
she was powered by steam.
666
00:39:25,739 --> 00:39:27,563
Now, she runs on diesel,
667
00:39:27,574 --> 00:39:29,324
But otherwise,
little has changed
668
00:39:29,401 --> 00:39:33,161
Since the day germany's last
emperor stood on this very deck.
669
00:39:35,832 --> 00:39:39,834
In 1912, kaiser wilhelm ii
took a trip on the raven
670
00:39:39,911 --> 00:39:43,088
During a visit
to the lake district.
671
00:39:43,164 --> 00:39:46,582
Two years later, his armies
would invade neutral belgium,
672
00:39:46,593 --> 00:39:49,419
Triggering the cataclysm
of world war I.
673
00:39:49,429 --> 00:39:58,603
♪♪
674
00:39:58,680 --> 00:40:00,605
Shepherds have moved their
flocks across the hills
675
00:40:00,682 --> 00:40:04,934
Of the lake district
for over 1,000 years.
676
00:40:04,945 --> 00:40:08,029
And where there are sheep,
there are sheepdogs.
677
00:40:08,106 --> 00:40:09,188
[barking]
678
00:40:09,199 --> 00:40:14,452
[whistling]
679
00:40:14,529 --> 00:40:18,698
Alan bradley has farmed here
for most of his life.
680
00:40:18,708 --> 00:40:22,127
An expert sheepdog trainer,
he communicates with jess,
681
00:40:22,203 --> 00:40:24,537
His faithful border collie
since puppyhood,
682
00:40:24,548 --> 00:40:28,124
Using whistled commands.
683
00:40:28,135 --> 00:40:29,634
[whistling]
684
00:40:29,711 --> 00:40:32,211
Collies are gentle and
intelligent by nature,
685
00:40:32,222 --> 00:40:34,639
Making them ideal working dogs.
686
00:40:34,716 --> 00:40:36,299
[whistling]
687
00:40:36,309 --> 00:40:40,061
What was once a job is now
also a national sport.
688
00:40:40,138 --> 00:40:44,474
Alan and jess compete in events
all over England.
689
00:40:44,484 --> 00:40:49,070
Their success has resulted in
a unique sideline business.
690
00:40:49,147 --> 00:40:51,981
Alan now runs sheep herding
classes on his farm
691
00:40:51,992 --> 00:40:54,117
For stressed-out executives.
692
00:40:59,240 --> 00:41:00,748
[whistling]
693
00:41:02,410 --> 00:41:07,338
Of course, some prefer to unwind
in different ways.
694
00:41:07,415 --> 00:41:10,258
If you really want to leave
the cares of the world behind,
695
00:41:10,335 --> 00:41:12,510
There's nothing
quite like open water
696
00:41:12,587 --> 00:41:15,096
And the roar of
a powerful engine.
697
00:41:16,925 --> 00:41:19,100
For all the leisurely charm
of its waterways,
698
00:41:19,177 --> 00:41:23,763
The lake district has seen more
than its fair share of speed...
699
00:41:23,773 --> 00:41:26,608
And tragedy.
700
00:41:26,684 --> 00:41:28,443
In February 1930,
701
00:41:28,520 --> 00:41:30,445
Legendary racer
sir harry seagrave
702
00:41:30,522 --> 00:41:34,449
Crossed windermere in his boat,
miss England ii .
703
00:41:34,526 --> 00:41:37,360
Hitting 98.76 miles per hour,
704
00:41:37,370 --> 00:41:39,913
He broke the world
water speed record.
705
00:41:42,459 --> 00:41:45,201
Midway through his third run,
the boat capsized,
706
00:41:45,212 --> 00:41:47,703
Killing seagrave's mechanic
victor helliwell,
707
00:41:47,714 --> 00:41:50,715
And ultimately,
seagrave himself.
708
00:41:53,970 --> 00:41:56,054
When it came to
conquering the elements,
709
00:41:56,130 --> 00:42:00,141
Not every pioneer would pay
for it with their life.
710
00:42:00,218 --> 00:42:02,218
In September 1784,
711
00:42:02,229 --> 00:42:05,730
Oxford pastry chef and
amateur aeronaut james saddler
712
00:42:05,807 --> 00:42:07,148
Became the first englishman
713
00:42:07,225 --> 00:42:09,609
To take flight
in a hot air balloon.
714
00:42:11,738 --> 00:42:16,899
He reached an altitude of 3,600
feet and traveled six miles
715
00:42:16,910 --> 00:42:22,572
In a craft whose basic design
hasn't changed much since.
716
00:42:22,582 --> 00:42:24,165
As an aeronautical engineer,
717
00:42:24,242 --> 00:42:25,917
Peter donkin has
applied his skills
718
00:42:25,994 --> 00:42:28,336
To everything from
military jet fighters
719
00:42:28,413 --> 00:42:31,339
To passenger planes.
720
00:42:31,416 --> 00:42:34,634
But his real passion is
for hot air balloons.
721
00:42:37,088 --> 00:42:40,673
And when it comes to locations
for a late evening flight,
722
00:42:40,684 --> 00:42:43,935
The rolling hills and shining
waterways of the lake district
723
00:42:44,012 --> 00:42:47,355
Are hard to beat.
724
00:42:47,432 --> 00:42:48,856
Peter has taken to the skies
725
00:42:48,933 --> 00:42:52,443
Above ullswater and windermere
many times.
726
00:42:52,520 --> 00:42:55,280
There are no onboard computer
systems to check,
727
00:42:55,356 --> 00:43:00,368
No speed to maintain,
no engines to monitor;
728
00:43:00,445 --> 00:43:04,122
Just the pure exhilaration of
flight and a unique perspective
729
00:43:04,198 --> 00:43:08,951
On the stunning tableau
laid out beneath his feet...
730
00:43:08,962 --> 00:43:10,536
A vista that couldn't be
more different
731
00:43:10,547 --> 00:43:13,539
To the industrial heartlands
of the north,
732
00:43:13,550 --> 00:43:17,802
Where engineering would define
a city and conquer the oceans.
733
00:43:17,879 --> 00:43:23,808
♪♪
734
00:43:23,885 --> 00:43:26,052
This is one of the greatest
industrial centers
735
00:43:26,062 --> 00:43:27,803
In all of England,
736
00:43:27,814 --> 00:43:30,306
A city whose name was once
synonymous with the fuel
737
00:43:30,317 --> 00:43:34,902
That fed the forges of its own
engineering powerhouse...
738
00:43:34,979 --> 00:43:37,780
Newcastle upon tyne.
739
00:43:39,826 --> 00:43:43,077
Like liverpool and manchester
on the far side of the country,
740
00:43:43,154 --> 00:43:46,873
This city played a pivotal role
in the industrial revolution.
741
00:43:50,920 --> 00:43:53,921
And it was all powered by coal.
742
00:43:56,593 --> 00:43:58,593
At its height, 2,000 miners
743
00:43:58,670 --> 00:44:01,596
Extracted 600,000 tons
of coal a year
744
00:44:01,673 --> 00:44:04,674
From this northumberland pit.
745
00:44:04,684 --> 00:44:08,186
Woodhorn in ashington
is a museum now,
746
00:44:08,262 --> 00:44:10,763
Lovingly preserved as a monument
to a bygone age
747
00:44:10,774 --> 00:44:12,682
When men toiled in darkness
748
00:44:12,692 --> 00:44:15,818
To mine the coal that
made newcastle famous.
749
00:44:17,614 --> 00:44:21,857
Closed in 1981, woodhorn remains
the most authentic example
750
00:44:21,868 --> 00:44:25,161
Of what the collieries of
this area once looked like.
751
00:44:29,200 --> 00:44:33,369
Taking pride of place is
a statue of a miner with a lamp,
752
00:44:33,380 --> 00:44:35,871
Commemorating the 13 men
who died here
753
00:44:35,882 --> 00:44:39,384
In an underground gas explosion
in 1916.
754
00:44:42,714 --> 00:44:44,714
With giant wind turbines
now rising
755
00:44:44,724 --> 00:44:46,474
From the surrounding landscape,
756
00:44:46,551 --> 00:44:50,478
It's clear that time
has moved on.
757
00:44:50,555 --> 00:44:53,731
But the past will never
be forgotten.
758
00:44:57,821 --> 00:45:01,072
The industry that made newcastle
famous around the world
759
00:45:01,149 --> 00:45:04,150
Was shipbuilding.
760
00:45:04,160 --> 00:45:06,652
Here, along the meandering bends
of the river tyne
761
00:45:06,663 --> 00:45:08,246
Are the last traces
762
00:45:08,322 --> 00:45:11,541
Of what were once the world's
largest shipyards.
763
00:45:14,412 --> 00:45:15,920
At its peak,
764
00:45:15,997 --> 00:45:19,507
The scale of tyneside's
operation was immense,
765
00:45:19,584 --> 00:45:23,678
With over a dozen
shipbuilding companies.
766
00:45:23,755 --> 00:45:25,680
The largest,
called swann hunter ,
767
00:45:25,757 --> 00:45:28,349
Employed thousands of workers.
768
00:45:33,181 --> 00:45:38,192
From 1860, it produced
more than 2,700 vessels,
769
00:45:38,269 --> 00:45:41,696
Including rms mauritania ,
which once held the blue ribbon
770
00:45:41,773 --> 00:45:44,115
For the fastest
atlantic crossing.
771
00:45:46,027 --> 00:45:48,369
These yards, which once rang
with the deafening sound
772
00:45:48,446 --> 00:45:53,458
Of heavy engineering,
have been silent since 2008.
773
00:45:53,534 --> 00:45:56,335
But even now
their legacy lives on.
774
00:45:58,122 --> 00:46:00,372
The tyneside town of wallsend
775
00:46:00,383 --> 00:46:03,876
Once marked the eastern end
of hadrian's wall.
776
00:46:03,887 --> 00:46:06,971
But what really sets it apart,
at least for music fans,
777
00:46:07,048 --> 00:46:08,556
Is the fact
778
00:46:08,633 --> 00:46:11,017
That an international superstar
grew up here.
779
00:46:14,147 --> 00:46:17,732
This red brick terraced house,
now a fast food outlet,
780
00:46:17,809 --> 00:46:19,901
Was once home to gordon sumner,
781
00:46:19,977 --> 00:46:23,654
Better known to the world
as sting.
782
00:46:23,731 --> 00:46:29,068
He spent his childhood close
to the swann hunter shipyard.
783
00:46:29,078 --> 00:46:30,578
Sting's memories of the town
784
00:46:30,655 --> 00:46:34,240
Would have a profound influence
on his work.
785
00:46:34,250 --> 00:46:38,410
The title track of the singer's
1991 album the soul cages
786
00:46:38,421 --> 00:46:41,672
Are filled with references
to newcastle.
787
00:46:41,749 --> 00:46:45,593
It won the first ever
grammy award for best rock song.
788
00:46:47,847 --> 00:46:49,672
Later, newcastle would inspire
789
00:46:49,682 --> 00:46:53,342
Sting's 2011 musical
the last ship ,
790
00:46:53,353 --> 00:46:56,011
Which tells the story of
a community coming to terms
791
00:46:56,022 --> 00:46:58,606
With the decline of
the shipbuilding industry.
792
00:47:01,945 --> 00:47:04,195
The newcastle of sting's
formative years
793
00:47:04,272 --> 00:47:07,532
Was a city sunk deep
in economic depression.
794
00:47:07,608 --> 00:47:10,284
Today, it's a place of hope
and innovation,
795
00:47:10,361 --> 00:47:11,944
A spirit mirrored
796
00:47:11,955 --> 00:47:14,780
In the city's vibrant and
challenging architecture.
797
00:47:14,791 --> 00:47:19,702
♪♪
798
00:47:19,712 --> 00:47:22,213
The unique steel facade
of the sage building
799
00:47:22,290 --> 00:47:24,048
Was designed to enhance
the acoustics
800
00:47:24,125 --> 00:47:27,385
Of this music venue's
vast interior.
801
00:47:30,047 --> 00:47:33,215
But the building also reaches
out to the city around it,
802
00:47:33,226 --> 00:47:35,885
Hosting classes for
musicians of all ages
803
00:47:35,895 --> 00:47:37,478
And operating a schools program
804
00:47:37,555 --> 00:47:40,565
For the performers and composers
of the future.
805
00:47:44,737 --> 00:47:46,729
Another landmark
of the modern city
806
00:47:46,739 --> 00:47:50,741
Is the baltic center
for contemporary art.
807
00:47:50,818 --> 00:47:53,411
The former structure
of an enormous flour mill
808
00:47:53,487 --> 00:47:58,749
Is now one of England's most
progressive performance centers.
809
00:47:58,826 --> 00:48:01,252
Its 6,000 square feet
of gallery space,
810
00:48:01,329 --> 00:48:04,330
Workshops and artist studios
have transformed
811
00:48:04,340 --> 00:48:05,831
An industrial monolith
812
00:48:05,842 --> 00:48:08,634
Into a creative hub
for the 21st century.
813
00:48:13,016 --> 00:48:15,090
Spanning the river tyne
at gateshead,
814
00:48:15,101 --> 00:48:17,760
The millennium bridge
has six hydraulic rams
815
00:48:17,770 --> 00:48:20,771
That rotate the entire structure
through 40 degrees
816
00:48:20,848 --> 00:48:25,943
From closed to open
in just four and a half minutes.
817
00:48:26,020 --> 00:48:28,779
Nicknamed the blinking eye
bridge by locals,
818
00:48:28,856 --> 00:48:31,032
The design is
so energy efficient,
819
00:48:31,108 --> 00:48:34,201
Each full rotation costs
just five dollars.
820
00:48:41,044 --> 00:48:43,127
On the hill of birtley
near gateshead,
821
00:48:43,204 --> 00:48:46,789
Five miles south of newcastle,
stands what is arguably
822
00:48:46,799 --> 00:48:50,042
The most famous statue
in all of England:
823
00:48:50,053 --> 00:48:52,345
The angel of the north.
824
00:48:54,465 --> 00:48:57,725
65 feet tall, the height
of a five-story building,
825
00:48:57,802 --> 00:49:01,562
With a wingspan of 177 feet,
826
00:49:01,639 --> 00:49:04,982
It was made from
150 tons of steel.
827
00:49:07,654 --> 00:49:10,896
To suggest an embrace,
the great figure leans forward
828
00:49:10,907 --> 00:49:13,658
At an angle of
three and a half degrees.
829
00:49:15,745 --> 00:49:18,746
The angel is the work
of artist anthony gormley
830
00:49:18,823 --> 00:49:23,459
Who also chose its location on
the site of a 200-year-old mine.
831
00:49:26,163 --> 00:49:29,173
To gormley, it represents
the area's transition
832
00:49:29,250 --> 00:49:33,669
From heavy industry to
the modern digital age.
833
00:49:33,680 --> 00:49:37,848
But it also speaks of
a people's hope for the future.
834
00:49:37,925 --> 00:49:41,686
When he was asked, "why an
angel?", gormley replied,
835
00:49:41,762 --> 00:49:45,731
"because no one has seen one and
we need to keep imagining them."
836
00:49:49,028 --> 00:49:52,863
Completed in 1998, it has become
one of the most beloved
837
00:49:52,940 --> 00:49:55,408
And iconic landmarks in britain.
838
00:49:57,286 --> 00:49:59,537
A symbol of strength
and resilience,
839
00:49:59,613 --> 00:50:01,113
Honoring the past
840
00:50:01,124 --> 00:50:04,709
Even as it reaches out
to embrace the future.
841
00:50:04,785 --> 00:50:10,289
A fitting tribute to the spirit
of northern England.
842
00:50:10,299 --> 00:50:20,307
♪♪
843
00:50:20,384 --> 00:50:25,721
♪♪
844
00:50:25,732 --> 00:50:39,910
♪♪
845
00:50:39,987 --> 00:50:53,424
♪♪
846
00:50:53,501 --> 00:50:59,346
♪♪