1 00:00:00,500 --> 00:00:05,000 I'm travelling around the most exciting continent on the planet, 2 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:06,720 Africa! 3 00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:18,320 With more than 50 countries, and hundreds of cultures... 4 00:00:20,120 --> 00:00:23,000 Look at you guys! Ja! 5 00:00:23,000 --> 00:00:25,360 Don't switch over, you are watching the right channel. 6 00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:29,160 ..it's the fastest-growing, most dynamic... 7 00:00:29,160 --> 00:00:31,600 Everybody here is crazy. 8 00:00:33,560 --> 00:00:34,960 Come on! 9 00:00:34,960 --> 00:00:38,160 ..and most epic place on Earth. 10 00:00:43,080 --> 00:00:46,880 Oh, man! I'm going to have to pinch myself in a minute! 11 00:00:46,880 --> 00:00:50,000 On this leg of my trip around Sub-Saharan Africa... 12 00:00:51,240 --> 00:00:56,280 ..I'm in the east of the continent in Tanzania, Ethiopia and Somalia. 13 00:00:59,120 --> 00:01:03,160 I'll meet the people making a living in the hottest place on Earth. 14 00:01:04,720 --> 00:01:07,240 Wow! Looks like the camel train has arrived. 15 00:01:07,240 --> 00:01:10,920 And visit one of the fastest-growing cities in Africa. 16 00:01:10,920 --> 00:01:15,560 This is completely different from all the images of Ethiopia 17 00:01:15,560 --> 00:01:17,080 that I grew up with. 18 00:01:17,080 --> 00:01:19,840 And in a country torn apart by war... 19 00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:22,720 This place just looks utterly devastated. 20 00:01:24,400 --> 00:01:27,360 ..I'll see how people are building a better future. 21 00:01:27,360 --> 00:01:29,600 I'm prepared to die for that. 22 00:01:42,800 --> 00:01:46,760 I'm starting this part of my journey in Tanzania, in one of 23 00:01:46,760 --> 00:01:51,520 Africa's great wildernesses, and this place looks and sounds 24 00:01:51,520 --> 00:01:53,560 absolutely amazing. 25 00:01:53,560 --> 00:01:54,800 Twende! 26 00:02:00,680 --> 00:02:03,720 Selous Game Reserve is one of the biggest wildlife sanctuaries 27 00:02:03,720 --> 00:02:05,440 in the world. 28 00:02:05,440 --> 00:02:08,480 It's a whopping 20,000 square miles. 29 00:02:08,480 --> 00:02:11,480 That's more than twice the size of Wales. 30 00:02:11,480 --> 00:02:13,320 It's, like, everywhere you look, 31 00:02:13,320 --> 00:02:17,160 you just see wildlife, impala on one side, baboons the other side. 32 00:02:18,480 --> 00:02:20,760 And now we've got warthog over there. 33 00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:27,080 Africa is home to some of the world's most breathtaking wildlife. 34 00:02:28,280 --> 00:02:33,280 And I'd come here in search of the continent's most iconic animal, 35 00:02:34,760 --> 00:02:39,720 For such a massive animal, they're not as easy to find as you'd think. 36 00:02:40,080 --> 00:02:42,080 But I had the help of an expert. 37 00:02:43,240 --> 00:02:47,320 Dr Edward Kohi works for a team that's monitoring elephants, 38 00:02:47,320 --> 00:02:49,240 with tracking collars. 39 00:02:57,120 --> 00:03:00,400 The bush is so thick here, that even huge African elephants 40 00:03:00,400 --> 00:03:04,680 can be impossible to spot unless they're right in front of you. 41 00:03:08,320 --> 00:03:12,560 What are we seeing? 42 00:03:16,640 --> 00:03:20,120 The problem is, the elephants of Selous are in trouble. 43 00:03:20,120 --> 00:03:23,160 There used to be over 100,000 of them here. 44 00:03:23,160 --> 00:03:28,000 But more than 90% have disappeared, most of them killed by poachers. 45 00:03:30,800 --> 00:03:35,280 We'd spent the whole day looking, and not seen a single elephant. 46 00:03:42,520 --> 00:03:46,320 Well, we got up early this morning to look for elephants, and I think 47 00:03:46,320 --> 00:03:48,960 it's been worth it, because look at that over there. 48 00:03:56,040 --> 00:03:57,480 There's a baby! 49 00:03:59,040 --> 00:04:02,560 This is such a beautiful moment. 50 00:04:02,560 --> 00:04:07,600 A mother and her calf. We've just seen them feeding. 51 00:04:07,800 --> 00:04:11,880 I was literally five, six feet away from them. 52 00:04:11,880 --> 00:04:14,120 It's just... My heart's pounding. 53 00:04:15,120 --> 00:04:16,440 It is. It really is. 54 00:04:21,240 --> 00:04:22,440 ELEPHANT ROARS 55 00:04:24,200 --> 00:04:25,920 That was so loud. 56 00:04:36,480 --> 00:04:40,760 One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. Wow. 57 00:04:40,760 --> 00:04:43,400 Look at them! There's so many elephants. 58 00:04:45,720 --> 00:04:49,080 In elephant families, like this one, the females help look after each 59 00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:50,400 other's calves. 60 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:04,320 This is one of the coolest things I've ever seen. 61 00:05:14,520 --> 00:05:17,400 That's Alicia? Alicia. 62 00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:19,360 So that big thing on the top of his head, 63 00:05:19,360 --> 00:05:22,720 that's the transmitter base, and it sends out a signal, 64 00:05:22,720 --> 00:05:24,240 which you can trace? Exactly. 65 00:05:25,880 --> 00:05:28,360 And I can see it's affected you. 66 00:05:28,360 --> 00:05:31,120 You seem very emotional, seeing Alicia. 67 00:05:49,680 --> 00:05:54,680 WWF estimate that around 20,000 African elephants are killed 68 00:05:56,120 --> 00:06:01,120 each year for their ivory, that's an average of 55 a day. 69 00:06:03,480 --> 00:06:07,680 It, really, actually gets me here. It frightens me to think 70 00:06:07,680 --> 00:06:10,800 that, you know, the elephant is so under threat 71 00:06:10,800 --> 00:06:12,440 that they could go extinct, 72 00:06:12,440 --> 00:06:16,200 and one day we'll be talking to our kids, and talking about them, 73 00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:19,440 like they're these mythical beasts of the past. 74 00:06:19,440 --> 00:06:21,320 I think that's really sad. 75 00:06:22,920 --> 00:06:25,560 The collars aren't just about collecting data. 76 00:06:25,560 --> 00:06:28,240 They can also help stop poaching. 77 00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:31,840 If Dr Kohi spots a herd moving towards a problem area, 78 00:06:31,840 --> 00:06:34,280 he can send rangers to protect them. 79 00:06:36,120 --> 00:06:38,960 But the sad truth is that it isn't just poachers 80 00:06:38,960 --> 00:06:40,480 who can harm elephants. 81 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:56,560 I'm guessing the villagers, and the farmers, 82 00:06:56,560 --> 00:06:58,040 are not very happy with this? 83 00:07:09,240 --> 00:07:13,200 Dr Kohi was taking me to a village on the northern edge of the reserve. 84 00:07:17,960 --> 00:07:19,880 This doesn't happen every day. 85 00:07:19,880 --> 00:07:23,040 The path is blocked by bushes and trees. 86 00:07:24,840 --> 00:07:28,120 So we're going to get a machete, and cut our way through. 87 00:07:34,400 --> 00:07:39,280 People here are subsistence farmers. They live off the crops they grow. 88 00:07:39,480 --> 00:07:41,840 It's the same for most of Africa's rural poor. 89 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:47,000 And these farmers are not big elephant fans. 90 00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:48,840 So are these our guys? 91 00:07:51,720 --> 00:07:54,920 Can you tell me about the problems that you have here? 92 00:07:54,920 --> 00:07:57,000 HE SPEAKS OWN LANGUAGE 93 00:08:10,240 --> 00:08:12,000 So, all these big prints? 94 00:08:13,880 --> 00:08:16,640 Look at that! Look at the size of that print! 95 00:08:23,560 --> 00:08:27,920 When you say one elephant can eat up to two acres' worth of crops, 96 00:08:27,920 --> 00:08:30,880 I mean, how much is that in rice? 97 00:08:30,880 --> 00:08:33,120 How many days' worth of food is that, for you? 98 00:08:40,760 --> 00:08:45,520 One year?! One elephant can eat one year's worth of crops? 99 00:09:08,480 --> 00:09:12,720 The trouble is, trying to scare off a six-tonne elephant isn't easy. 100 00:09:12,720 --> 00:09:14,360 Can you show me? 101 00:09:14,360 --> 00:09:17,600 HE BANGS THE TUB 102 00:09:17,600 --> 00:09:20,440 I can't imagine 20 or 30 elephants just marauding through your fields 103 00:09:20,440 --> 00:09:22,440 and all he's got is this. 104 00:09:22,440 --> 00:09:24,280 DRUMMING AND CLAPPING 105 00:09:30,800 --> 00:09:33,640 Tanzania's population is set to almost double by 2040, 106 00:09:33,640 --> 00:09:35,360 to more than 100 million. 107 00:09:36,360 --> 00:09:39,320 All those people will need to eat, threatening the habitat 108 00:09:39,320 --> 00:09:42,000 of the country's incredible wildlife. 109 00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:48,440 Across Africa, feeding a growing population will be a huge challenge. 110 00:10:05,560 --> 00:10:10,600 This feels like Africa. Huge, vast, exciting. 111 00:10:11,120 --> 00:10:14,840 My eyes are popping out of my head looking at it. 112 00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:19,840 Can we open the window? Let's have a look. Brace yourself. Yes! 113 00:10:20,160 --> 00:10:22,800 I'm holding on to it... 114 00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:23,920 WIND GUSTS 115 00:10:23,920 --> 00:10:25,840 ADE WHOOPS WITH EXCITEMENT 116 00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:50,080 Guys, that was actually, literally breathtaking. 117 00:10:53,320 --> 00:10:57,760 Nature reserves like this are crucial to saving Africa's wildlife. 118 00:10:57,760 --> 00:11:01,360 But even here, the needs of people can end up coming first. 119 00:11:03,440 --> 00:11:06,880 The Tanzanian government has plans to build a giant hydroelectric dam 120 00:11:06,880 --> 00:11:11,560 that could supply enough power for the whole country. 121 00:11:11,560 --> 00:11:16,600 We're just banking left because we're coming up to Stiegler's Gorge. 122 00:11:17,040 --> 00:11:19,880 Now this is the area where the government are planning 123 00:11:19,880 --> 00:11:21,920 on building the dam. 124 00:11:23,840 --> 00:11:25,960 To build the dam, over two and a half million trees 125 00:11:25,960 --> 00:11:27,800 would be cut down. 126 00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:32,200 Massive areas would be flooded. 127 00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:35,200 The International Union for Conservation of Nature 128 00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:39,240 has said that the dam would cause serious and irreversible damage 129 00:11:39,240 --> 00:11:41,400 to the area. 130 00:11:41,400 --> 00:11:45,480 I could sit here and look at that forever, to see all of this, 131 00:11:45,480 --> 00:11:47,080 it's unbelievable. 132 00:11:47,080 --> 00:11:49,640 I'm not sure what to think about it, 133 00:11:49,640 --> 00:11:53,400 because I love how it looks, but the people need power. 134 00:11:58,080 --> 00:12:02,080 More than half of Tanzanians don't have reliable electricity. 135 00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:06,120 It's so important to get power to people here, 136 00:12:06,120 --> 00:12:07,960 and across the continent. 137 00:12:11,280 --> 00:12:14,160 This is, without doubt, one of the most beautiful parts of the world 138 00:12:14,160 --> 00:12:16,560 that I've ever been to. I mean, look at it! 139 00:12:16,560 --> 00:12:20,360 And just like so much of Africa, it's got so much going for it. 140 00:12:20,360 --> 00:12:25,400 But my worry is, at what cost does it make this progress? 141 00:12:25,400 --> 00:12:27,960 You know, will they be able to do it without losing 142 00:12:27,960 --> 00:12:29,520 all of this stunning beauty? 143 00:12:35,240 --> 00:12:38,320 It's a question facing the whole of Africa. 144 00:12:38,320 --> 00:12:41,360 How to get people out of extreme poverty, without destroying 145 00:12:41,360 --> 00:12:43,160 the environment? 146 00:12:50,080 --> 00:12:53,720 The next stop on my East African journey was Ethiopia, 147 00:12:53,720 --> 00:12:58,120 a country many people think of as the poorest of the poor. 148 00:12:58,120 --> 00:13:00,320 I was heading to the far north. 149 00:13:04,440 --> 00:13:07,000 This place is called Dallol. 150 00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:11,400 It has the hottest average temperatures in the world. 151 00:13:11,400 --> 00:13:15,440 The remains of some of our earliest ancestors were found near this area. 152 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:24,800 We've just pulled over to get some shots, and try and take 153 00:13:24,800 --> 00:13:28,160 in this massive expanse. It's just so surreal here. 154 00:13:28,160 --> 00:13:31,160 And this heat is utterly relentless. 155 00:13:31,160 --> 00:13:32,720 Can you imagine? 156 00:13:32,720 --> 00:13:37,400 It's like being in a huge hairdryer that's turned on to maximum? 157 00:13:38,640 --> 00:13:41,720 It's about 46, 47 degrees. 158 00:13:41,720 --> 00:13:44,000 It's just so overpowering. 159 00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:45,320 Even my wheels... 160 00:13:45,320 --> 00:13:47,960 HE EXCLAIMS ..are really, really hot. 161 00:13:58,520 --> 00:13:59,560 Orangey-yellow. 162 00:14:01,560 --> 00:14:03,160 You can smell the sulphur. 163 00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:12,920 This area is 48 metres below sea level. 164 00:14:12,920 --> 00:14:15,400 The ground is made of salt and minerals. 165 00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:25,560 I've spent so much time looking at the ground, 166 00:14:25,560 --> 00:14:28,000 so I don't fall over one of these big pieces of rock. 167 00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:30,560 Ahead, what have we got? 168 00:14:31,840 --> 00:14:34,080 I can see some steam coming. 169 00:14:34,080 --> 00:14:36,320 That is immense. 170 00:14:36,320 --> 00:14:38,960 Look at the colours. 171 00:14:38,960 --> 00:14:42,440 It's just so mad, and weird, and colourful. 172 00:14:55,120 --> 00:14:59,360 You can hear it bubbling, like some sort of prehistoric cauldron. 173 00:14:59,360 --> 00:15:03,440 I love stuff like this, just natural. 174 00:15:06,280 --> 00:15:09,000 It's this really incredible landscape, 175 00:15:09,000 --> 00:15:11,080 like we're on another planet. 176 00:15:12,440 --> 00:15:15,480 Funny thing is, this is not far from where it all began 177 00:15:15,480 --> 00:15:17,760 for the human race. 178 00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:19,800 Imagine if this was the first thing you saw. 179 00:15:22,360 --> 00:15:26,080 In this kind of heat, and this barren landscape, 180 00:15:26,080 --> 00:15:28,920 it's hard to imagine anything surviving. 181 00:15:30,520 --> 00:15:32,680 And yet, some people live here. 182 00:15:47,640 --> 00:15:52,680 So this is a village that I'm heading to, it's called Assal Bolo. 183 00:15:53,080 --> 00:15:57,320 And the Afar people live in this village. 184 00:15:57,320 --> 00:16:00,440 And the Afar people have got a reputation for being 185 00:16:00,440 --> 00:16:03,680 some of the toughest people on the planet. 186 00:16:03,680 --> 00:16:05,080 And you can understand why. 187 00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:09,600 It's hard to believe anyone can survive here. 188 00:16:13,320 --> 00:16:17,160 This guy, here, he's the chief of this whole area, 189 00:16:17,160 --> 00:16:20,520 and he's kindly building a path for me. 190 00:16:20,520 --> 00:16:22,520 This is Assal Bolo bridge. 191 00:16:24,760 --> 00:16:26,640 It's... 192 00:16:27,760 --> 00:16:29,600 Woo! I'm here! 193 00:16:33,920 --> 00:16:37,160 Out here, in the middle of nowhere, there aren't many ways 194 00:16:37,160 --> 00:16:38,800 to earn a living. 195 00:16:40,840 --> 00:16:43,400 All of this, below me, is salt. 196 00:16:43,400 --> 00:16:45,080 Salt, I'm rolling over it. 197 00:16:48,240 --> 00:16:51,160 This whole area is a giant dried-up salt lake. 198 00:16:51,160 --> 00:16:54,040 Salaam! How are you? 199 00:16:54,040 --> 00:16:58,920 Every day, villagers like Ahmed hack blocks of salt from the ground. 200 00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:05,600 Look at the size of this! 201 00:17:07,200 --> 00:17:09,240 Like this? 202 00:17:11,480 --> 00:17:13,520 HE SPEAKS OWN LANGUAGE 203 00:17:27,240 --> 00:17:31,200 Wow. It looks like the camel train has arrived. 204 00:17:31,200 --> 00:17:33,440 Look at that, an endless line of camels. 205 00:17:38,920 --> 00:17:43,160 From here, the camels travel for days across the desert, 206 00:17:43,160 --> 00:17:45,840 carrying the salt to market towns. 207 00:17:45,840 --> 00:17:48,680 The trade hasn't changed for centuries. 208 00:17:49,680 --> 00:17:52,720 This lifestyle is about as tough as you can imagine. 209 00:18:06,960 --> 00:18:10,400 But out here, opportunities for a different way of life 210 00:18:10,400 --> 00:18:12,120 are almost non-existent. 211 00:18:16,920 --> 00:18:19,000 Just surviving is a miracle. 212 00:18:27,160 --> 00:18:30,320 Back in the village, I met up with Ahmed's wife, Fatima. 213 00:18:30,320 --> 00:18:31,720 Salaam. 214 00:18:32,960 --> 00:18:35,240 How many children do you have, Fatima? 215 00:19:02,600 --> 00:19:05,320 Shocking, listening to Fatima. 216 00:19:05,320 --> 00:19:09,520 I've only met her for a few minutes, and to hear that she's lost 217 00:19:09,520 --> 00:19:12,360 six children in her lifetime. Must have been so hard. 218 00:19:15,120 --> 00:19:18,680 Part of the reason for Fatima's tragedy is that, this far 219 00:19:18,680 --> 00:19:22,520 from civilisation, health care is hours and hours away. 220 00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:37,120 That wasn't exactly the best night's sleep I've ever had. 221 00:19:37,120 --> 00:19:39,040 This place is beautiful. 222 00:19:39,040 --> 00:19:41,240 BIRDS CALLING 223 00:19:41,240 --> 00:19:42,840 Listen to that natural alarm. 224 00:19:45,920 --> 00:19:49,720 It was just so hot, it's just unrelenting heat. 225 00:19:50,720 --> 00:19:52,800 I don't know how the Afar do it. 226 00:19:52,800 --> 00:19:57,160 I think I've lost 2lb or 3lb just in sweat. 227 00:20:01,720 --> 00:20:05,600 The Afar here have lived like this for generations, 228 00:20:05,600 --> 00:20:08,840 but development might finally be coming their way. 229 00:20:28,600 --> 00:20:32,600 Ethiopia is currently working to double its road network. 230 00:20:33,880 --> 00:20:37,480 Roads may not sound like a big deal, but they're one of the best ways 231 00:20:37,480 --> 00:20:40,600 of getting people out of extreme poverty. 232 00:20:40,600 --> 00:20:43,560 They can turn subsistence farmers into traders, 233 00:20:43,560 --> 00:20:47,240 and bring people closer to education and health care. 234 00:20:48,400 --> 00:20:51,480 And this new road is having an even bigger impact. 235 00:21:08,120 --> 00:21:09,640 See that limestone there? 236 00:21:09,640 --> 00:21:12,400 I'm not a fan of helmets because I have to... 237 00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:14,360 Because of my hair... 238 00:21:20,400 --> 00:21:23,760 Torge Kweider works for a Norwegian fertilizer company 239 00:21:23,760 --> 00:21:28,040 that has come here to mine potassium sulphate, also known as potash. 240 00:21:29,160 --> 00:21:33,520 This mine aims to produce 600,000 tonnes of potash a year, 241 00:21:33,520 --> 00:21:36,160 and most of it will be sold abroad. 242 00:21:36,160 --> 00:21:40,440 What is going to stop this from being another story 243 00:21:40,440 --> 00:21:42,960 of Africa being exploited? 244 00:21:42,960 --> 00:21:47,520 You know, because similar things happen with oil, with diamonds. 245 00:21:47,520 --> 00:21:50,120 How would that not happen here? 246 00:22:14,400 --> 00:22:19,360 Since the famine of the '80s, Ethiopia's population has doubled. 247 00:22:19,360 --> 00:22:23,120 And by 2050, there will be a billion more people in Africa 248 00:22:23,120 --> 00:22:25,360 than there are now. 249 00:22:25,360 --> 00:22:28,560 The continent needs to switch from subsistence farming 250 00:22:28,560 --> 00:22:30,600 to large-scale production. 251 00:22:30,600 --> 00:22:32,040 Fertilizer is key. 252 00:22:35,240 --> 00:22:37,520 But I wanted to find out what the locals thought 253 00:22:37,520 --> 00:22:42,200 about a massive European company coming in and mining their land. 254 00:22:42,200 --> 00:22:44,040 I joined some of them on a break. 255 00:22:45,440 --> 00:22:47,240 Go on, son! Go on! 256 00:23:07,120 --> 00:23:11,880 Are you worried about possibly losing your traditional way of life, 257 00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:14,760 now that with all the money, and the stuff that's coming 258 00:23:14,760 --> 00:23:16,320 in from the mining company? 259 00:23:34,600 --> 00:23:36,640 What is potash to Ethiopia? 260 00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:48,400 For centuries, foreign powers have exploited this continent's 261 00:23:48,400 --> 00:23:51,880 resources, leaving local populations in poverty. 262 00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:57,160 The hope is, things will be different for this new generation. 263 00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:04,680 Look at that, a camel salt train on a brand-new Ethiopian road. 264 00:24:04,680 --> 00:24:09,640 For me, this encapsulates where this region is right now, 265 00:24:13,680 --> 00:24:17,360 on whether they can learn from the mistakes that other African 266 00:24:17,360 --> 00:24:22,120 nations have made in the past, when it comes to their natural resources. 267 00:24:22,120 --> 00:24:26,160 If you really want to see how Africa is changing, there's nowhere better 268 00:24:26,160 --> 00:24:27,440 than Ethiopia's capital. 269 00:24:31,280 --> 00:24:33,080 I'd come to Addis Ababa. 270 00:24:43,640 --> 00:24:45,520 Everywhere I look in this city, 271 00:24:45,520 --> 00:24:47,640 there seems to be construction work going on. 272 00:24:47,640 --> 00:24:49,560 Look, there's a building site over there. 273 00:24:49,560 --> 00:24:51,440 There's another one over there. 274 00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:56,480 And Addis Ababa has even built East Africa's first light railway system. 275 00:24:56,680 --> 00:24:58,680 Just over there. 276 00:24:58,680 --> 00:25:03,040 This is completely different from all the images of Ethiopia 277 00:25:03,040 --> 00:25:04,760 that I grew up with. 278 00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:11,080 Back then, Ethiopia used to be one of the poorest countries 279 00:25:11,080 --> 00:25:12,720 in the world. 280 00:25:12,720 --> 00:25:16,040 It still receives aid, but life has improved for many people here. 281 00:25:16,040 --> 00:25:19,400 Today, it's got one of the fastest-growing economies on the planet. 282 00:25:21,640 --> 00:25:24,200 I was about to be shown around the city by someone 283 00:25:24,200 --> 00:25:25,640 a bit special. 284 00:25:26,960 --> 00:25:30,440 I'm about to meet one of Ethiopia's living legends, 285 00:25:30,440 --> 00:25:35,400 Haile Gebrselassie, double Olympic champion, world champion, 286 00:25:35,400 --> 00:25:40,000 and a lot people see him as the greatest long distance runner 287 00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:43,120 of all time. I'm very, very excited about this, actually. 288 00:25:43,120 --> 00:25:46,840 It's not every day that you get to meet an Olympic gold medallist. 289 00:25:49,080 --> 00:25:51,960 Hey, hello, Haile! 290 00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:54,360 It's such a pleasure to meet you. 291 00:25:55,880 --> 00:25:59,000 How are you? I'm good, yourself? Very, very good. 292 00:26:00,480 --> 00:26:03,080 This is amazing. Today, I'm your guide, your tour guide. 293 00:26:03,080 --> 00:26:05,120 Yes, you're my tour guide! 294 00:26:08,560 --> 00:26:10,800 Haile is just getting surrounded by fans. 295 00:26:10,800 --> 00:26:13,480 He said it would be a little bit difficult for him to get out 296 00:26:13,480 --> 00:26:16,480 in the public, and you can see how proud everyone is of him. 297 00:26:20,160 --> 00:26:22,600 Haile began his career early. 298 00:26:22,600 --> 00:26:27,200 He had to run 10km to school and back, every day. 299 00:26:27,200 --> 00:26:29,920 He won his first prize when he was a teenager. 300 00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:32,760 When I was in ninth grade, there was a competition. 301 00:26:32,760 --> 00:26:36,240 There was a 1,500 metres. I didn't know how far is that - 1,500 metres. 302 00:26:36,240 --> 00:26:38,240 I didn't know how many laps. 303 00:26:38,240 --> 00:26:42,160 And the only thing what I knew, was just to leave, you know, 304 00:26:42,160 --> 00:26:44,480 quickly from the group. 305 00:26:44,480 --> 00:26:47,240 You didn't even know how many laps you had to run? 306 00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:49,920 You just ran as fast as you could? Yeah, exactly. I love that. 307 00:26:57,560 --> 00:26:59,760 And we're doing this at altitude. 308 00:27:01,560 --> 00:27:06,400 Haile's building a museum, to house his collection of trophies. 309 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:09,200 Oh, my days! These are your trophies? 310 00:27:09,200 --> 00:27:11,280 Don't worry, we have enough! 311 00:27:11,280 --> 00:27:12,560 Wow! Look at that. 312 00:27:13,720 --> 00:27:15,960 The story starts from there. 313 00:27:15,960 --> 00:27:19,640 Your pride and joy? Yes. This is my first prize. 314 00:27:21,360 --> 00:27:24,560 When all of these trophies, and the medals, are displayed 315 00:27:24,560 --> 00:27:27,800 in these cabinets, are you hoping they will inspire the next 316 00:27:27,800 --> 00:27:29,400 generation of Ethiopians? 317 00:27:29,400 --> 00:27:31,840 The next Haile Gebrselassie? 318 00:27:31,840 --> 00:27:35,520 I wish, not only in athletics, but other sectors. 319 00:27:36,520 --> 00:27:39,760 When I bring the kids here to see this, I hope, you know, 320 00:27:39,760 --> 00:27:43,720 they enjoy, at the same time, they learn something 321 00:27:43,720 --> 00:27:47,320 out of this achievement. They put in their mind, you know, oh, 322 00:27:47,320 --> 00:27:50,560 I wish, you know, to be like Haile Gebrselassie, 323 00:27:50,560 --> 00:27:53,560 not only in running. There are other things. 324 00:27:59,880 --> 00:28:03,560 So, you competed in Sydney 2000? Oh, yeah, 2000. So did I. 325 00:28:03,560 --> 00:28:07,200 I competed in Sydney 2000 in the Paralympics. Did you? 326 00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:11,200 OK, how was it? Was good? It was amazing. You won? 327 00:28:11,200 --> 00:28:16,040 We lost to the USA, in the last seconds. 328 00:28:16,040 --> 00:28:19,600 I don't need to ask you - you won, of course. I did, I did. 329 00:28:19,600 --> 00:28:21,240 The 10,000. 330 00:28:23,240 --> 00:28:27,520 Why did you decide to come back and live in Addis? 331 00:28:27,520 --> 00:28:32,000 Because a lot of stars, they move and they live in America, 332 00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:36,240 or they live in Europe. Because this is my country. 333 00:28:37,280 --> 00:28:40,320 Can you change your mother? 334 00:28:40,320 --> 00:28:45,160 That's your mother, it doesn't matter how poor she is. 335 00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:50,120 I'm happy, you know, I'm a part of, you know, the change. 336 00:28:50,120 --> 00:28:52,920 With others, we can do a lot of things. 337 00:28:56,680 --> 00:28:59,840 Haile has put the money he earned in athletics to work. 338 00:29:01,000 --> 00:29:04,880 Today, he's one of Ethiopia's most successful entrepreneurs, 339 00:29:04,880 --> 00:29:07,960 with over 2,300 employees. 340 00:29:07,960 --> 00:29:11,240 He's got investments in some of the country's biggest industries, 341 00:29:11,240 --> 00:29:13,800 like coffee, construction, and property. 342 00:29:15,920 --> 00:29:18,480 All of this area is your area? Yes. 343 00:29:26,600 --> 00:29:29,320 Haile's building this block of apartments for Ethiopia's 344 00:29:29,320 --> 00:29:31,080 growing middle classes. 345 00:29:37,720 --> 00:29:42,480 In terms of Africa, where do you see Addis Ababa as a capital city, 346 00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:44,680 amongst all the other capital cities? 347 00:29:53,280 --> 00:29:55,680 This is the Haile Gebrselassie pace, man! 348 00:30:10,120 --> 00:30:13,760 The next morning, I headed to the outskirts of Addis. 349 00:30:15,120 --> 00:30:17,680 I was here to find out more about what's fuelling 350 00:30:17,680 --> 00:30:20,080 Ethiopia's booming economy. 351 00:30:20,080 --> 00:30:24,280 It's factories like this, making goods for Western consumers. 352 00:30:25,960 --> 00:30:28,560 How are you? I'm fine. Lovely to meet you. 353 00:30:52,000 --> 00:30:54,160 Esther Maguse runs the cutting department. 354 00:30:56,520 --> 00:30:58,040 Let's have a look. 355 00:30:59,560 --> 00:31:04,520 Made in Ethiopia. Normally, when we look at clothes in the UK, 356 00:31:04,520 --> 00:31:07,760 it usually says, "Made in China" or, "Made in India." 357 00:31:07,760 --> 00:31:09,840 So, for me, this is a surprise. 358 00:31:23,640 --> 00:31:27,680 There are 1,500 workers here, and most of them are women. 359 00:31:27,680 --> 00:31:30,920 They work long hours to earn just £45 a week. 360 00:31:32,160 --> 00:31:36,440 Just one pair of the shoes they make can sell for more than that. 361 00:31:36,440 --> 00:31:40,280 This is the...? Hand stitching department. Hand stitching? Yeah. 362 00:31:55,280 --> 00:31:59,600 And how does this work compare to the work you did with your family? 363 00:32:04,680 --> 00:32:07,440 This might look like a low-paid sweatshop 364 00:32:07,440 --> 00:32:11,800 but, compared to subsistence farming, this is a pretty good job. 365 00:32:11,800 --> 00:32:15,120 It was factories like this that powered the boom 366 00:32:15,120 --> 00:32:17,560 in Asian economies like China's. 367 00:32:17,560 --> 00:32:21,280 Countries like China and India used manufacturing 368 00:32:21,280 --> 00:32:23,760 to become super economies. 369 00:32:23,760 --> 00:32:27,600 Maybe this is Ethiopia's first step in that direction. 370 00:32:33,720 --> 00:32:36,920 Chinese companies are starting to take advantage 371 00:32:36,920 --> 00:32:40,800 of the cheap labour here, and are actually setting up factories 372 00:32:40,800 --> 00:32:44,000 across Africa, and Chinese investment has brought other things 373 00:32:44,000 --> 00:32:45,360 to the country too. 374 00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:54,560 So, this is, like, the equivalent of the Eurostar. 375 00:32:54,560 --> 00:32:57,960 Except we're going from Ethiopia to Djibouti. 376 00:32:59,680 --> 00:33:02,360 Thank you. Ameseginalehu. 377 00:33:05,600 --> 00:33:09,000 Look at this brand-new station. 378 00:33:09,000 --> 00:33:14,080 Floors nice and new. Chinese-built train as well. 379 00:33:14,080 --> 00:33:18,600 This train is vital for Ethiopia's industrial dream. 380 00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:22,480 To be a real global player, Ethiopia needs to be able to ship 381 00:33:22,480 --> 00:33:25,360 its goods abroad, but it's landlocked so it relies 382 00:33:25,360 --> 00:33:29,480 on the port of neighbouring Djibouti for its exports and imports. 383 00:33:31,480 --> 00:33:34,840 Sorry, I'm in your way again. Are you going to Djibouti? 384 00:33:38,480 --> 00:33:40,320 What's your name? 385 00:33:40,320 --> 00:33:43,160 If you want to chat with 12 hours to go, come over. OK! 386 00:33:46,760 --> 00:33:50,840 Very punctual, eight o'clock on the dot. 387 00:33:52,080 --> 00:33:55,040 We're just moving off. I'd better settle in, 388 00:33:55,040 --> 00:33:59,200 because this is a 12 hour journey, almost 500 miles along. 389 00:34:05,920 --> 00:34:08,320 The line is fully electrified. 390 00:34:08,320 --> 00:34:12,280 It travels northeast from Addis, all the way across the border 391 00:34:12,280 --> 00:34:14,040 to neighbouring Djibouti. 392 00:34:15,400 --> 00:34:16,880 Wow. 393 00:34:18,920 --> 00:34:22,000 EXCITED CHATTER 394 00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:25,920 We've stopped at the stop just before the border, 395 00:34:25,920 --> 00:34:29,280 before we get into Djibouti, and the train sprung into life. 396 00:34:31,120 --> 00:34:33,960 We've got people screaming and shouting, left, right, and centre, 397 00:34:33,960 --> 00:34:36,960 people bringing on food, people bringing on grass. 398 00:34:36,960 --> 00:34:38,400 Pushing and shoving. 399 00:34:43,960 --> 00:34:48,160 Cargo trains used this line for bulk exports, but it's also used 400 00:34:48,160 --> 00:34:51,520 by ordinary people buying and selling pretty much everything. 401 00:34:53,080 --> 00:34:55,560 This is Chard? Yes. 402 00:34:55,560 --> 00:34:58,320 And what do you do with this? 403 00:35:00,400 --> 00:35:03,000 How does this train compare to the old train? 404 00:35:14,160 --> 00:35:17,600 I wanted to talk to Medina, the lady I'd met when I first 405 00:35:17,600 --> 00:35:19,720 boarded the train. 406 00:35:19,720 --> 00:35:24,320 How are you? Good. How are you? Yeah, good. 407 00:35:24,320 --> 00:35:25,760 We spoke earlier. 408 00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:30,800 Medina was born in Djibouti, but she now lives in the United States. 409 00:35:31,040 --> 00:35:33,040 I came there as a refugee. 410 00:35:33,040 --> 00:35:37,320 As a young girl, you know, but that was over 20 years ago. 411 00:35:37,320 --> 00:35:42,240 We had a civil war in Djibouti, so it wasn't safe for us to live there. 412 00:35:42,240 --> 00:35:46,240 And I was about, maybe, 12, 13 at the time. 413 00:35:47,360 --> 00:35:49,720 And we stay here for four years in the camp. 414 00:35:51,760 --> 00:35:56,600 Do you think people really know what it's like to be a refugee? 415 00:35:56,600 --> 00:35:59,400 You're not going to know until you live in the camp, and see 416 00:35:59,400 --> 00:36:03,040 that you have to go get water. Dig water from the ground, 417 00:36:03,040 --> 00:36:04,960 or ask for a kilo of rice. 418 00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:09,400 You have to live there in order for you to understand, 419 00:36:09,400 --> 00:36:10,720 to feel that. 420 00:36:10,720 --> 00:36:15,120 I get emotional because I've been there, as a little girl. 421 00:36:15,120 --> 00:36:16,920 So I remember those days. 422 00:36:21,920 --> 00:36:25,640 Why did you decide to come back, and bring the kids over as well? 423 00:36:25,640 --> 00:36:27,720 I want them to know exactly where they come from. 424 00:36:27,720 --> 00:36:30,880 Teach them that there is more to learn from the people, 425 00:36:30,880 --> 00:36:33,040 their grandparents and, you know, the tribes. 426 00:36:41,120 --> 00:36:45,800 I think Medina's got a classic immigrant story. 427 00:36:47,560 --> 00:36:51,280 Actually, it's more than that because she was a refugee as well. 428 00:36:53,520 --> 00:36:56,840 And it's funny, it makes me think about my childhood, 429 00:36:56,840 --> 00:37:00,000 because I've never seen myself as an immigrant. 430 00:37:00,000 --> 00:37:04,480 But, maybe, it's that background. 431 00:37:04,480 --> 00:37:09,560 It's my parents' sense of being African, 432 00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:14,840 and wanting to instil that African culture into me, 433 00:37:15,880 --> 00:37:19,680 that's made me who I am today. 434 00:37:19,680 --> 00:37:23,280 And, you know, it makes you a survivor, it makes you strong, 435 00:37:23,280 --> 00:37:28,240 it makes you, you know, makes you feel like you have to compete 436 00:37:29,880 --> 00:37:32,120 against all odds. 437 00:37:32,120 --> 00:37:35,360 And, I think, that's what Medina wants her kids to get from here. 438 00:37:35,360 --> 00:37:36,720 She wants to get that. 439 00:37:36,720 --> 00:37:39,840 She wants them to have that, that fighting spirit, 440 00:37:39,840 --> 00:37:42,040 and never forget who they are. 441 00:37:46,360 --> 00:37:50,400 The war that drove Medina out of Djibouti ended in 1994. 442 00:37:52,120 --> 00:37:55,720 Ethiopia also had its own long and brutal conflict. 443 00:37:57,080 --> 00:38:00,920 Colonial powers left Africa wrecked with civil wars. 444 00:38:00,920 --> 00:38:02,800 Nearly all of them are over now. 445 00:38:04,600 --> 00:38:09,640 But there's one notorious war that never seems to end. 446 00:38:12,080 --> 00:38:14,160 I was heading to neighbouring Somalia. 447 00:38:22,680 --> 00:38:25,760 Just about to touch down in Mogadishu. 448 00:38:25,760 --> 00:38:28,560 I'll be honest with you, I'm feeling a little bit nervous 449 00:38:28,560 --> 00:38:32,240 because all you ever hear about Mogadishu in the news 450 00:38:32,240 --> 00:38:34,040 is just about how dangerous it is. 451 00:38:36,480 --> 00:38:38,520 That was an interesting landing. 452 00:38:42,800 --> 00:38:44,280 Here we go. 453 00:38:44,280 --> 00:38:46,760 Well, we've touched down safely enough. 454 00:38:49,480 --> 00:38:53,320 Mogadishu is one of the most dangerous cities in the world. 455 00:38:55,600 --> 00:39:00,440 Just coming out the airport now, our vehicle's over this way. 456 00:39:03,520 --> 00:39:06,960 Assassinations, terrorist attacks, and kidnappings are common. 457 00:39:09,400 --> 00:39:13,320 And this isn't an ordinary car. This has got... It's armour plated. 458 00:39:13,320 --> 00:39:17,520 You can see it's got bullet-proof glass. This door weighs a tonne. 459 00:39:25,600 --> 00:39:29,120 I was checking into my hotel, called Chelsea Village. 460 00:39:33,560 --> 00:39:36,320 This is where I'm staying. From outside it doesn't look like much, 461 00:39:36,320 --> 00:39:39,800 but when you get inside you can see how they've styled it up. 462 00:39:39,800 --> 00:39:43,120 These are the rooms, basically, they are containers, which, 463 00:39:43,120 --> 00:39:46,160 if you've been to East London, you'll see they're all the rage. 464 00:39:46,160 --> 00:39:49,560 They've even named the streets that the containers and rooms are on 465 00:39:49,560 --> 00:39:51,040 famous London streets. 466 00:39:51,040 --> 00:39:54,400 It just gives you something familiar to log on to, 467 00:39:54,400 --> 00:39:57,760 when you're staying somewhere that's so hostile. 468 00:39:57,760 --> 00:40:00,840 And look at this, blast walls. 469 00:40:00,840 --> 00:40:04,240 You don't see that in hotels in capital cities. 470 00:40:05,840 --> 00:40:09,280 Until recently, Somalia was ruled by an Islamic terror group 471 00:40:09,280 --> 00:40:10,360 called al-Shabaab. 472 00:40:14,240 --> 00:40:19,120 But since 2007, an African military force called AMISOM 473 00:40:19,120 --> 00:40:22,400 has been fighting to get the country back under control. 474 00:40:24,360 --> 00:40:26,760 Look at all these vehicles, all fully armoured. 475 00:40:26,760 --> 00:40:28,840 Machine guns everywhere. 476 00:40:35,120 --> 00:40:37,960 I knew I was going to be going out on patrol today, 477 00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:41,120 and I just had this, like, nervous feeling bubbling about 478 00:40:41,120 --> 00:40:42,360 in my stomach all night. 479 00:40:44,080 --> 00:40:48,560 AMISOM soldiers come from five different African countries. 480 00:40:48,560 --> 00:40:52,760 In 2011, they managed to force al-Shabaab out of Mogadishu. 481 00:40:54,240 --> 00:40:58,440 But most of the rest of the country is still lawless, and AMISOM 482 00:40:58,440 --> 00:41:01,920 are fighting to win it back inch by inch. 483 00:41:05,240 --> 00:41:10,240 This place just looks utterly devastated, utterly. 484 00:41:10,480 --> 00:41:14,120 I mean, we're going through a main town 485 00:41:14,120 --> 00:41:17,360 and there is not a single building 486 00:41:17,360 --> 00:41:20,000 that is standing, or that hasn't been... 487 00:41:20,000 --> 00:41:22,240 ..seen some sort of destruction. 488 00:41:25,480 --> 00:41:28,120 We were heading towards the front line of the war. 489 00:41:38,680 --> 00:41:43,600 So before you came, was all of this area under control of al-Shabaab? 490 00:41:50,480 --> 00:41:54,120 If you've removed al-Shabaab from this area, where are they now? 491 00:41:54,120 --> 00:41:55,360 Where is their stronghold? 492 00:42:27,040 --> 00:42:29,560 Is this not even more dangerous 493 00:42:29,560 --> 00:42:32,720 than a conventional challenge of war, 494 00:42:32,720 --> 00:42:34,960 because you don't know where they're going to come from? 495 00:42:56,400 --> 00:42:59,920 War and famine have displaced more than two million people. 496 00:42:59,920 --> 00:43:02,560 Hundreds of thousands have died. 497 00:43:06,400 --> 00:43:09,440 We'd reached our destination, a town called Afgooye, 498 00:43:09,440 --> 00:43:11,160 18 miles from Mogadishu. 499 00:43:13,840 --> 00:43:17,400 This used to be one of al-Shabaab's most important strongholds. 500 00:43:25,200 --> 00:43:27,800 These sort of areas, which are unknown, 501 00:43:27,800 --> 00:43:32,320 you just start feeling worried. You can see our guys, the AMISOM guys, 502 00:43:32,320 --> 00:43:34,000 have created a perimeter. 503 00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:38,320 They've put two armoured vehicles blocking that entrance, 504 00:43:38,320 --> 00:43:40,840 so no-one can take us by surprise. 505 00:43:46,680 --> 00:43:49,080 Plan is to go and speak to some of the local population, 506 00:43:49,080 --> 00:43:50,920 to find out what life is like here. 507 00:43:50,920 --> 00:43:52,240 But before we could do that, 508 00:43:52,240 --> 00:43:54,400 we had to speak to the local leader, to get the OK. 509 00:43:55,640 --> 00:43:57,960 I think everything's all right. This way, yeah? 510 00:44:03,200 --> 00:44:05,840 Been told we've only got five minutes here, 511 00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:09,600 and this place has been hit by an al-Shabaab plenty of times. 512 00:44:09,600 --> 00:44:13,600 They've had IEDs and bombs all the time, so, yeah. 513 00:44:28,280 --> 00:44:30,560 They've apparently found someone for us to talk to. 514 00:44:30,560 --> 00:44:34,440 I'm not sure of what it's going to be like, because suddenly we turn up 515 00:44:34,440 --> 00:44:36,800 with 20 soldiers and want to speak to them. 516 00:44:42,760 --> 00:44:45,960 See, big problem here, we've not got much time. 517 00:44:45,960 --> 00:44:49,840 And, even though the area is supposed to be relatively safe, 518 00:44:49,840 --> 00:44:53,240 people here still don't feel comfortable to talk 519 00:44:53,240 --> 00:44:54,520 in front of camera. 520 00:44:59,600 --> 00:45:02,880 I think we might have to go. What's happening, Captain? 521 00:45:03,840 --> 00:45:05,280 Yeah, yeah, of course. 522 00:45:06,160 --> 00:45:08,280 Why would they not talk to us, the people, 523 00:45:08,280 --> 00:45:09,760 why didn't they want to talk? 524 00:45:30,840 --> 00:45:32,880 That's something that I'm starting to learn, 525 00:45:32,880 --> 00:45:35,520 that the nature of warfare here is completely different 526 00:45:35,520 --> 00:45:36,760 to what you'd imagine. 527 00:45:36,760 --> 00:45:39,680 It's not the AMISOM forces vs Al-Shabaab, 528 00:45:39,680 --> 00:45:41,760 and al-Shabaab on that line. 529 00:45:41,760 --> 00:45:43,240 Al-Shabaab could be anywhere. 530 00:45:43,240 --> 00:45:45,680 And that's what these people are worried about. 531 00:45:52,000 --> 00:45:54,840 As we headed back to Mogadishu, we got some news showing 532 00:45:54,840 --> 00:45:58,880 just how active al-Shabaab were in this area. 533 00:45:58,880 --> 00:46:01,520 We've been told that al-Shabaab has known that we've been 534 00:46:01,520 --> 00:46:06,320 in the country, and they've told the people in this area, Afgooye, 535 00:46:06,320 --> 00:46:09,880 that if any of them speaks to us, that they will kill them. 536 00:46:09,880 --> 00:46:12,600 They basically threatened them, 537 00:46:12,600 --> 00:46:16,800 which explains why they were really afraid to talk to us. 538 00:46:16,800 --> 00:46:18,920 It's worrying on so many levels. 539 00:46:18,920 --> 00:46:22,840 Worrying for those people, but also worrying for us, 540 00:46:22,840 --> 00:46:25,600 in terms of how do they know we're here? 541 00:46:30,040 --> 00:46:34,840 It costs billions of pounds to keep the 20,000 AMISOM soldiers fighting 542 00:46:34,840 --> 00:46:39,120 in Somalia, but there are plans to start withdrawing the troops. 543 00:46:39,120 --> 00:46:42,240 At some point, Somalis themselves are going to have to 544 00:46:42,240 --> 00:46:43,760 take over this struggle. 545 00:46:53,440 --> 00:46:56,400 Since al-Shabaab was driven out of Mogadishu, 546 00:46:56,400 --> 00:46:57,920 the city has been controlled 547 00:46:57,920 --> 00:47:00,240 by an internationally backed government. 548 00:47:00,240 --> 00:47:02,480 But, on average, 40 people are killed 549 00:47:02,480 --> 00:47:06,760 in terror attacks every month in the capital, and more are injured. 550 00:47:17,520 --> 00:47:20,960 Everyone is just...on high alert, 551 00:47:20,960 --> 00:47:25,320 just stressed, because you just don't know what's going to happen. 552 00:47:28,240 --> 00:47:31,840 The threat here is very real, especially for women. 553 00:47:32,960 --> 00:47:37,400 When al-Shabaab ruled the city, women were treated like slaves. 554 00:47:37,400 --> 00:47:41,520 They were banned from driving, talking to men who weren't family, 555 00:47:41,520 --> 00:47:44,960 and even leaving home without a male relative. 556 00:47:44,960 --> 00:47:47,400 Punishments for breaking al-Shabaab's rules 557 00:47:47,400 --> 00:47:49,280 included public stoning to death. 558 00:47:51,840 --> 00:47:55,520 But since al-Shabaab were forced out, things are looking up. 559 00:47:56,920 --> 00:48:01,280 I'm just on my way to meet a female basketball team, 560 00:48:01,280 --> 00:48:03,600 based here in Mogadishu. 561 00:48:03,600 --> 00:48:06,520 I don't really know that much about women's sport in this country, 562 00:48:06,520 --> 00:48:10,360 but what I have been told is that al-Shabaab has put a ban 563 00:48:10,360 --> 00:48:15,400 on all women playing sport, and these women are defying the odds. 564 00:48:15,680 --> 00:48:18,080 I'm really interested in meeting them. 565 00:48:18,080 --> 00:48:19,680 And they play my sport, 566 00:48:19,680 --> 00:48:22,520 so I think this is going to be a special moment, 567 00:48:22,520 --> 00:48:24,760 to play basketball in Mogadishu. 568 00:48:28,680 --> 00:48:31,000 Everything about this place is so surreal. 569 00:48:31,000 --> 00:48:34,680 I mean, first of all, I'm in an armoured vehicle, on a basketball court. 570 00:48:34,680 --> 00:48:37,240 The great thing is I've been told that, for the first time, 571 00:48:37,240 --> 00:48:39,640 it's safe enough to take off my PPE. 572 00:48:41,200 --> 00:48:43,360 That's so much easier. 573 00:48:43,360 --> 00:48:45,440 I've haven't been in this chair for a while. 574 00:48:55,400 --> 00:48:57,280 How are you guys doing? 575 00:48:57,280 --> 00:48:58,800 This is really cool. 576 00:49:00,120 --> 00:49:01,640 Oh, yeah. 577 00:49:03,760 --> 00:49:04,760 Yeah. 578 00:49:07,320 --> 00:49:08,600 Shall we play a game? 579 00:49:11,680 --> 00:49:14,760 These girls are one of eight teams that play in a regional league. 580 00:49:15,720 --> 00:49:17,200 Shot! 581 00:49:17,200 --> 00:49:18,960 They've got some skills. 582 00:49:28,520 --> 00:49:30,160 They're good. They're good. 583 00:49:30,160 --> 00:49:32,360 They've got good basic shooting technique. 584 00:49:32,360 --> 00:49:35,440 I think they're just enjoying themselves, which is great. 585 00:49:35,440 --> 00:49:38,080 Although al-Shabaab aren't in charge here any more, 586 00:49:38,080 --> 00:49:40,920 it's still a very conservative society. 587 00:49:51,640 --> 00:49:55,760 Ayesha, tell me what was it like for you when you first decided, 588 00:49:55,760 --> 00:49:58,000 "I want to play basketball." 589 00:49:58,000 --> 00:50:00,800 What did your parents and your family say? 590 00:50:08,200 --> 00:50:12,920 Why is it so difficult for women to play sport, here in Somalia? 591 00:50:34,240 --> 00:50:38,200 For me, to hear that, is just... It's mind boggling. 592 00:50:38,200 --> 00:50:42,480 You know, I thought I had to struggle to play sport. 593 00:50:42,480 --> 00:50:47,400 But for you to say that, you know, at any moment because you play sport 594 00:50:48,120 --> 00:50:51,840 you could be killed, and you're still prepared to carry on, 595 00:50:51,840 --> 00:50:54,880 I think you're both extremely brave people. 596 00:51:35,280 --> 00:51:40,240 It just makes me think, you know, what those girls are going through 597 00:51:40,400 --> 00:51:44,480 because they have to deal with all of this insecurity 598 00:51:44,480 --> 00:51:46,280 every day of their lives. 599 00:51:46,280 --> 00:51:50,880 And the fact that they're willing to give up everything, 600 00:51:50,880 --> 00:51:54,400 potentially lose their lives, just to play sport 601 00:51:54,400 --> 00:51:57,440 and they know the significance of what they're doing, 602 00:51:57,440 --> 00:52:01,200 they know how much it could change things here, for women 603 00:52:01,200 --> 00:52:04,200 in Somalia, and probably women all over Africa. 604 00:52:10,640 --> 00:52:14,480 During Somalia's civil war, hundreds of thousands of people 605 00:52:14,480 --> 00:52:16,640 have fled abroad. 606 00:52:16,640 --> 00:52:19,800 A lot of professionals have gone to live in the West. 607 00:52:19,800 --> 00:52:22,520 If this country is going to have a chance of rebuilding, 608 00:52:22,520 --> 00:52:24,840 it needs some of them to return. 609 00:52:25,960 --> 00:52:29,240 My name's Ade. I know you very well. 610 00:52:29,240 --> 00:52:31,560 I've heard about the great things you're doing here. 611 00:52:31,560 --> 00:52:33,520 I'm really interested to talk to you. 612 00:52:33,520 --> 00:52:35,840 Thank you very much, thank you for coming. 613 00:52:38,040 --> 00:52:40,280 Do you want to show me around? 614 00:52:41,680 --> 00:52:42,920 This is our reception. 615 00:52:42,920 --> 00:52:44,680 Hi, hello, hello. 616 00:52:46,040 --> 00:52:49,400 Shamsa Abdullahi Bybook is a doctor and midwife 617 00:52:49,400 --> 00:52:52,600 who lived in the UK for nearly 30 years. 618 00:52:52,600 --> 00:52:54,880 We have here our operating room. 619 00:52:56,720 --> 00:53:00,800 In 2016, she gave up working for the NHS, to set up one 620 00:53:00,800 --> 00:53:03,840 of Mogadishu's only specialist maternity hospitals. 621 00:53:05,280 --> 00:53:08,520 Here, we have got the water bath room. 622 00:53:08,520 --> 00:53:13,000 It's not as sophisticated as the UK, but it's initial step. 623 00:53:14,200 --> 00:53:18,640 Is this your office, here? This is my office, yes. 624 00:53:18,640 --> 00:53:22,640 How difficult was the decision to come back to Somalia? 625 00:53:22,640 --> 00:53:24,840 Because it's not an easy country to live in. 626 00:53:24,840 --> 00:53:26,840 No, it's not easy. 627 00:53:26,840 --> 00:53:30,280 But, me and my husband, we used to come for... 628 00:53:30,280 --> 00:53:35,320 ..vacations, so when we come here and we see so much difficulty, 629 00:53:36,760 --> 00:53:39,800 we thought that it's about time to move back, 630 00:53:39,800 --> 00:53:42,600 and help the people who need our services. 631 00:53:45,080 --> 00:53:50,120 In Somalia, one in seven children dies before the age of five. 632 00:53:51,960 --> 00:53:54,240 That's thousands of little kids, dying 633 00:53:54,240 --> 00:53:56,880 before they've even started school. 634 00:53:56,880 --> 00:54:00,840 And one in 12 women dies due to pregnancy-related causes. 635 00:54:02,760 --> 00:54:05,400 This is called Resuscitare. 636 00:54:05,400 --> 00:54:08,840 Who is this here? Is this a boy or a girl? This is a boy. 637 00:54:08,840 --> 00:54:11,160 The boy was born four hours ago. 638 00:54:11,160 --> 00:54:15,320 Four hours ago? He was floppy when he was born. 639 00:54:15,320 --> 00:54:18,600 And he was blue like this cloth. 640 00:54:18,600 --> 00:54:22,640 So we had to bring him in and resuscitate him. 641 00:54:24,080 --> 00:54:27,560 What would have happened to this baby? 642 00:54:27,560 --> 00:54:30,360 You know, if they hadn't had this treatment, or been able 643 00:54:30,360 --> 00:54:32,320 to come to this hospital? 644 00:54:32,320 --> 00:54:37,360 Most of women having babies, they go to a midwife, home, 645 00:54:37,760 --> 00:54:42,000 if the baby comes out floppy and not breathing, she will say, 646 00:54:42,000 --> 00:54:44,800 "Well, this baby's not alive," 647 00:54:44,800 --> 00:54:48,680 put them there, and cover from head to toe. 648 00:54:48,680 --> 00:54:51,920 This baby's dead, that's what they do. 649 00:54:51,920 --> 00:54:56,160 And this baby would need only resuscitation and oxygen. 650 00:54:56,160 --> 00:54:57,600 That baby would survive. 651 00:54:57,600 --> 00:55:01,680 So there are so many babies who could have survived? Exactly. 652 00:55:01,680 --> 00:55:05,080 But, literally, they've been written off just because the midwife 653 00:55:05,080 --> 00:55:07,520 doesn't have the knowledge or the experience? 654 00:55:07,520 --> 00:55:08,800 Doesn't have the knowledge, 655 00:55:08,800 --> 00:55:11,640 and doesn't have the instruments, and doesn't have the experience. 656 00:55:13,240 --> 00:55:15,680 Dr Shamsa is not alone. 657 00:55:15,680 --> 00:55:19,360 Many Somalis who fled the war are returning. 658 00:55:19,360 --> 00:55:23,360 Even the Mayor of Mogadishu is a former council worker from London. 659 00:55:24,800 --> 00:55:29,680 What is it like to work in a place like this where, potentially, 660 00:55:30,320 --> 00:55:31,920 your life could be in danger, 661 00:55:31,920 --> 00:55:35,760 the life of the kids you're trying to save could be in danger as well? 662 00:55:35,760 --> 00:55:37,400 It is very risky. 663 00:55:37,400 --> 00:55:41,960 However, I believe if I die today, it's worth it, 664 00:55:41,960 --> 00:55:46,440 because I have saved a few babies. 665 00:55:46,440 --> 00:55:51,480 And I'm intending to do so, for the rest of my life. 666 00:55:52,440 --> 00:55:57,400 In that course, if I get injured, or shot, or get killed, 667 00:55:59,280 --> 00:56:02,680 I'm prepared for that. 668 00:56:02,680 --> 00:56:06,040 I'm prepared to die for that. 669 00:56:06,040 --> 00:56:07,800 I'm just... I'm blown away. 670 00:56:09,240 --> 00:56:10,920 The message I'm sending is, 671 00:56:10,920 --> 00:56:14,800 to particularly the Somali people who fled from their country, 672 00:56:14,800 --> 00:56:18,320 they have to think to come back to their country, 673 00:56:18,320 --> 00:56:20,280 and build their country. 674 00:56:20,280 --> 00:56:24,040 We are moving forward, starting from the government, 675 00:56:24,040 --> 00:56:27,760 from the people, from the mother who is delivering the baby. 676 00:56:27,760 --> 00:56:31,240 We are alive, and thriving, and ready to move forward. 677 00:56:31,240 --> 00:56:35,640 That's beautiful. I mean, it's making me emotional. 678 00:56:35,640 --> 00:56:38,960 I'm African as well, so to hear this... 679 00:56:38,960 --> 00:56:40,800 Yeah... I know... 680 00:56:42,200 --> 00:56:44,720 Shall we meet the mother? Yeah. 681 00:56:45,800 --> 00:56:48,640 This is Ikram. Hello, Ikram. 682 00:56:48,640 --> 00:56:50,400 Congratulations. 683 00:56:59,000 --> 00:57:02,720 How does it feel, to have your baby in your arms now? 684 00:57:06,320 --> 00:57:08,520 What are your hopes for your baby's future? 685 00:57:08,520 --> 00:57:10,840 Maybe he'll become a doctor like Dr Shamsa? 686 00:57:17,680 --> 00:57:20,600 The war against al-Shabaab is far from won. 687 00:57:21,800 --> 00:57:26,520 But what strikes me about it, is that it's being fought by Africans, 688 00:57:26,520 --> 00:57:30,280 from the AMISOM troops I met, to people like Dr Shamsa 689 00:57:30,280 --> 00:57:33,160 who are risking everything to come home. 690 00:57:40,480 --> 00:57:42,760 It's made me feel really emotional. 691 00:57:42,760 --> 00:57:47,600 Meeting some of these people who've shown incredible resilience 692 00:57:47,600 --> 00:57:52,440 under some really challenging situations, and, you know, 693 00:57:52,440 --> 00:57:57,600 these people have been prepared to give up absolutely everything 694 00:57:57,600 --> 00:58:00,640 in order to try and rebuild their countries. 695 00:58:00,640 --> 00:58:03,680 And for me that is truly humbling. 696 00:58:03,680 --> 00:58:05,480 But you know what? It's not over yet. 697 00:58:05,480 --> 00:58:09,520 I've still got a lot more of this great continent to see. 698 00:58:09,520 --> 00:58:12,000 Next time, I'm in Southern Africa. 699 00:58:14,960 --> 00:58:18,080 And I'll see the natural world under attack. 700 00:58:20,520 --> 00:58:21,520 Oh, man!