1 00:00:12,600 --> 00:00:17,600 In April 1945, Soviet director Yuri Reisman makes a film 2 00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:20,680 about the end of the so-called Third Reich. 3 00:00:20,680 --> 00:00:24,200 He has 38 Red Army cameramen at his disposal. 4 00:00:25,760 --> 00:00:28,320 The title of the film - Berlin. 5 00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:33,160 The liberation of the city by the Red Army is being documented. 6 00:00:33,160 --> 00:00:36,520 It begins on April 16th at the Oder with the battle 7 00:00:36,520 --> 00:00:39,960 of the Seelow Heights, 70km outside of Berlin. 8 00:00:48,200 --> 00:00:52,160 16 days later, the city is conquered and the red flag is blowing 9 00:00:52,160 --> 00:00:55,080 in the wind over the Reichstag. 10 00:00:55,080 --> 00:00:58,520 On May 8th, Germany signs its unconditional surrender. 11 00:01:00,600 --> 00:01:04,800 War in Germany is over, Joseph Goebbels is found dead, 12 00:01:04,800 --> 00:01:07,320 Adolf Hitler's fate remains unknown. 13 00:01:09,720 --> 00:01:12,840 Over two million people are still living in Berlin - 14 00:01:12,840 --> 00:01:16,360 men and women, young and old, guilty and innocent. 15 00:01:19,160 --> 00:01:24,800 Soon, only diaries and memories, files and pictures, ashes and dust 16 00:01:24,800 --> 00:01:27,000 remain to tell the tales of their city. 17 00:01:49,880 --> 00:01:53,200 TRANSLATION: May 9th, Wednesday. We all had to show 18 00:01:53,200 --> 00:01:55,680 up with buckets to clear the barricades at the church. 19 00:01:55,680 --> 00:01:58,880 It was a lot of work and the Russians were keeping watch. 20 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:03,040 We are supposed to hand in our radios or we'll be punished. 21 00:02:03,040 --> 00:02:05,920 And not just our radios, but cameras too. 22 00:02:13,640 --> 00:02:16,240 After lunch, I went to the firm with Mum. 23 00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:18,720 Out of habit, I stupidly greeted colleagues 24 00:02:18,720 --> 00:02:20,880 in the yard with "heil Hitler". 25 00:02:31,600 --> 00:02:36,200 TRANSLATION: The Reichstag is a huge, dark building, not pretty. 26 00:02:36,200 --> 00:02:38,760 The inside is a mass of brick and iron. 27 00:02:40,520 --> 00:02:43,080 In one of the city halls, there was a huge throne 28 00:02:43,080 --> 00:02:45,800 with a portrait of the Kaiser on the back. 29 00:02:45,800 --> 00:02:48,640 I had my picture taken in the chair. 30 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:52,880 The walls were covered in countless writings of our victorious Russian 31 00:02:52,880 --> 00:02:55,160 soldiers and officers. 32 00:02:57,160 --> 00:02:59,440 Here, there were soldiers from Stalingrad. 33 00:02:59,440 --> 00:03:01,640 One from Smolensk stood here. 34 00:03:01,640 --> 00:03:04,600 We're in the Reichstag, everything is OK. 35 00:03:10,640 --> 00:03:12,920 TRANSLATION: Close to Hitler's Chancellery, 36 00:03:12,920 --> 00:03:14,640 next to his personal bunker, 37 00:03:14,640 --> 00:03:18,560 two bodies were discovered - one male, one female. 38 00:03:18,560 --> 00:03:22,600 The corpses are badly burnt and it is impossible to identify them 39 00:03:22,600 --> 00:03:24,720 without further information. 40 00:03:34,960 --> 00:03:37,240 TRANSLATION: We can say that the man 41 00:03:37,240 --> 00:03:41,760 is between 50 and 60 years old, 1.65m tall. 42 00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:45,600 The body is charred and smells of burnt meat. 43 00:03:45,600 --> 00:03:49,960 The glass splinters in his mouth suggest he used a thin vial. 44 00:03:55,960 --> 00:03:59,280 TRANSLATION: Experts remove the teeth and lower jaw. 45 00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:01,520 His teeth are surprisingly intact. 46 00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:07,760 Dr Blaschke had a private dental practice 47 00:04:07,760 --> 00:04:12,000 at number 230 in Kudamm. He was Hitler's personal dentist 48 00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:13,320 from 1932 onwards. 49 00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:16,040 His assistant, Kathe Heusermann, 50 00:04:16,040 --> 00:04:18,200 was the only person we could find there. 51 00:04:18,200 --> 00:04:21,280 She knew and remembered all the important details 52 00:04:21,280 --> 00:04:22,800 about Hitler's teeth. 53 00:04:29,280 --> 00:04:31,440 I held the dental bridge in my hand, 54 00:04:31,440 --> 00:04:33,840 I looked for irrefutable evidence. 55 00:04:33,840 --> 00:04:38,120 I immediately found it, took a deep breath and burst out, 56 00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:40,920 "These are the teeth of Adolf Hitler." 57 00:04:53,760 --> 00:04:57,800 TRANSLATION: I went to the Russian Kommandantur. 58 00:04:57,800 --> 00:05:00,880 It's incredibly difficult to find someone who understands you there. 59 00:05:00,880 --> 00:05:04,760 They couldn't believe there were still Jews in Berlin. 60 00:05:04,760 --> 00:05:07,600 I managed to get permission to move back into our flat. 61 00:05:15,480 --> 00:05:19,600 Yesterday, I went to the Jewish hospital in Schulstrasse. 62 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:22,720 The kids had been there last year but were taken away again. 63 00:05:22,720 --> 00:05:25,000 I was told they were taken to Auschwitz. 64 00:05:25,000 --> 00:05:27,600 I want to maintain my strength for all of you 65 00:05:27,600 --> 00:05:30,880 until you are with me. I will not surrender hope. 66 00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:40,880 This Friday, we had our first public service in the small 67 00:05:40,880 --> 00:05:43,040 synagogue of the Jewish hospital. 68 00:05:43,040 --> 00:05:45,920 I gave the sermon, but I couldn't speak much because the room 69 00:05:45,920 --> 00:05:48,760 was filled with crying and sobbing. 70 00:05:50,560 --> 00:05:54,400 Only now did the reality sink in of just how many were missing. 71 00:06:08,640 --> 00:06:10,520 TRANSLATION: May 13th. 72 00:06:10,520 --> 00:06:12,840 The town mayor, Berzarin, 73 00:06:12,840 --> 00:06:17,040 was introduced to the members of the first post-war magistrate of Berlin. 74 00:06:17,040 --> 00:06:21,600 The independent anti-fascist Dr Arthur Werner was selected as mayor. 75 00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:28,000 TRANSLATION: In a classically Saxon accent, 76 00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:30,600 Ulbricht explained to us, "It needs a semblance of democracy. 77 00:06:30,600 --> 00:06:32,520 "We must retain control of everything". 78 00:06:35,720 --> 00:06:38,640 Later, Erpenbeck rushed into my room. He is supposed to write 79 00:06:38,640 --> 00:06:40,920 text for my radio announcement, he tells me. 80 00:06:40,920 --> 00:06:43,160 We had the newest Pravda figures in front of us, 81 00:06:43,160 --> 00:06:47,160 which we translated into news with anti-fascist democratic demeanour. 82 00:06:52,440 --> 00:06:54,440 RADIO, TRANSLATED: 83 00:07:38,640 --> 00:07:42,160 We are now on Moscow time - the clocks were set two hours ahead. 84 00:07:52,480 --> 00:07:55,360 TRANSLATION: The first German newspaper has been published, 85 00:07:55,360 --> 00:07:57,160 but it's difficult to get hold of a copy. 86 00:08:22,720 --> 00:08:25,040 TRANSLATION: Page one contains a message from Stalin, 87 00:08:25,040 --> 00:08:27,400 also announcements from the Soviet military command, 88 00:08:27,400 --> 00:08:30,440 including food rations per person, per day. 89 00:08:30,440 --> 00:08:33,560 People in artistic professions are to receive the same amount 90 00:08:33,560 --> 00:08:35,240 as heavy-duty workers. 91 00:08:36,240 --> 00:08:40,760 600g of bread, 100g of meat, 92 00:08:40,760 --> 00:08:42,760 one portion of potatoes. 93 00:08:42,760 --> 00:08:46,640 Also each month, 100g of coffee, 20g of tea. 94 00:08:46,640 --> 00:08:49,760 My housekeeper wonders whether all of this will be in the shops. 95 00:08:58,080 --> 00:09:01,320 Hundreds of people are queuing in Reichsstrasse. 96 00:09:01,320 --> 00:09:03,520 A kind of camp life has emerged. 97 00:09:03,520 --> 00:09:06,560 Three quarters of the people waiting are sitting in chairs. 98 00:09:06,560 --> 00:09:09,120 Many women are knitting or mending socks. 99 00:09:09,120 --> 00:09:11,320 Some, like me, are reading. 100 00:09:18,040 --> 00:09:20,000 TRANSLATION: For lunch, we had horse meat. 101 00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:21,360 It was very tasty. 102 00:09:26,720 --> 00:09:28,360 May 17th. 103 00:09:28,360 --> 00:09:30,200 Listened to the radio at Schops 104 00:09:30,200 --> 00:09:32,280 and went to the store at 10am. 105 00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:34,880 A few of us girls were there today. 106 00:09:34,880 --> 00:09:37,440 Charlotte Henning was raped several times 107 00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:39,320 and Edith Gasenza five times. 108 00:09:41,160 --> 00:09:43,680 We all described our experiences. 109 00:09:47,800 --> 00:09:50,960 TRANSLATION: I'm now trying to acquire gynaecological instruments 110 00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:53,960 to be able to perform all necessary examinations. 111 00:09:53,960 --> 00:09:56,800 The results for gonorrhoea are horrifying. 112 00:09:56,800 --> 00:10:00,040 Just today, I examined a 15-year-old girl who'd been infected. 113 00:10:01,120 --> 00:10:04,520 In the afternoon, my friend Ruth came with her daughter. 114 00:10:04,520 --> 00:10:06,040 Four Russians. 115 00:10:06,040 --> 00:10:09,640 Swab inconclusive but certainly antibiotics. 116 00:10:09,640 --> 00:10:12,160 This is what you protect your child for. 117 00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:35,960 Suddenly, an order came through for all foreigners to leave Berlin, 118 00:10:35,960 --> 00:10:37,800 they were to leave immediately. 119 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:41,080 I made the final decision to leave the city by bicycle or on foot 120 00:10:41,080 --> 00:10:42,920 at the repatriation committee. 121 00:10:42,920 --> 00:10:45,000 I was pretty much the only one. 122 00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:47,840 None of the French guys who were there with me agreed. 123 00:10:47,840 --> 00:10:50,800 In the morning, I left Berlin by bicycle. 124 00:11:01,040 --> 00:11:02,640 TRANSLATION: Farewell, Berlin, 125 00:11:02,640 --> 00:11:05,120 a city of misfortune and tristesse. 126 00:11:05,120 --> 00:11:08,240 We took the motorway towards Magdeburg by truck. 127 00:11:08,240 --> 00:11:10,200 Ten minutes later, we had crossed the Elbe 128 00:11:10,200 --> 00:11:12,600 and arrived with the Americans. 129 00:11:12,600 --> 00:11:17,120 The loudspeakers announced, "On Sunday, you will be in France." 130 00:11:17,120 --> 00:11:19,680 I can't quite process it yet. 131 00:11:19,680 --> 00:11:23,200 I will only wake from this nightmare when I'm standing amongst 132 00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:24,960 French-speaking civilians. 133 00:11:32,120 --> 00:11:35,280 TRANSLATION: One afternoon, someone knocked on my door. 134 00:11:35,280 --> 00:11:37,160 Two young Jewish girls wearing 135 00:11:37,160 --> 00:11:39,800 concentration camp clothing were standing there. 136 00:11:39,800 --> 00:11:43,000 They told me they'd just arrived from the concentration camp Stutthof 137 00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:44,560 with 30 other Jews. 138 00:11:44,560 --> 00:11:47,720 We immediately went down the street with two trolleys 139 00:11:47,720 --> 00:11:49,320 to take them all upstairs. 140 00:11:56,320 --> 00:11:58,520 TRANSLATION: When I saw Berlin for the first time, 141 00:11:58,520 --> 00:12:01,160 destroyed and broken, I didn't feel pity for the Germans, 142 00:12:01,160 --> 00:12:04,560 only bitterness and resentment against the people who caused us 143 00:12:04,560 --> 00:12:06,680 such unbearable suffering. 144 00:12:06,680 --> 00:12:07,920 They deserve it. 145 00:12:23,600 --> 00:12:27,680 I met a Mr David, who had walked back from Auschwitz. 146 00:12:27,680 --> 00:12:30,880 He told me that the kids are almost certainly still alive 147 00:12:30,880 --> 00:12:33,440 because they only arrived last September 148 00:12:33,440 --> 00:12:36,840 and they had hardly killed any children since then. 149 00:12:38,680 --> 00:12:41,080 Schatze, it's a horrible thought. 150 00:12:41,080 --> 00:12:44,080 They killed children, and maybe mine are among them. 151 00:13:08,200 --> 00:13:10,120 Mr Scheppes came upstairs and said 152 00:13:10,120 --> 00:13:13,840 that, starting tomorrow, all members of the party had to report for work. 153 00:13:13,840 --> 00:13:17,720 Apparently, we start at 6am in Christburger Strasse. 154 00:13:17,720 --> 00:13:20,360 If it's only work, it's certainly bearable. 155 00:13:20,360 --> 00:13:23,680 But there's a lot of talk of deportation and detention. 156 00:13:23,680 --> 00:13:27,200 The time has come to do penance for my affiliation with the party. 157 00:13:38,400 --> 00:13:40,520 TRANSLATION: A lady appeared and insisted 158 00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:43,320 that my husband accompany her to the Kommandantur. 159 00:13:43,320 --> 00:13:45,440 He has been missing ever since. 160 00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:49,920 My husband is 71 years old and has trouble with his bladder. 161 00:13:49,920 --> 00:13:51,600 He was a member of the party, 162 00:13:51,600 --> 00:13:54,000 but never actively involved in anything. 163 00:13:58,880 --> 00:14:02,160 TRANSLATION: The yard of the Kommandantur was full of Russians. 164 00:14:02,160 --> 00:14:04,400 Two officers came in through the gateway. 165 00:14:04,400 --> 00:14:08,360 As they walked past me, one said to the other, "Shot in the neck." 166 00:14:11,960 --> 00:14:14,360 One Russian started emptying my bags. 167 00:14:14,360 --> 00:14:17,440 The only thing he didn't take was my spoon and a handkerchief. 168 00:14:17,440 --> 00:14:19,840 Then he pointed to the cellar room. 169 00:14:19,840 --> 00:14:21,680 The floor was full of sleeping people. 170 00:14:35,600 --> 00:14:37,680 TRANSLATION: Suddenly, everyone gave a Jew 171 00:14:37,680 --> 00:14:41,000 at least two loaves of bread, or 10 lbs of potatoes once. 172 00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:42,560 Somewhere, sometime. 173 00:14:42,560 --> 00:14:44,320 Everyone listened to foreign radio. 174 00:14:44,320 --> 00:14:46,280 Everyone supported the persecuted. 175 00:14:46,280 --> 00:14:49,000 Tales of awesome heroics are coming to light. 176 00:14:51,120 --> 00:14:53,920 The bigger the fear, the more ridiculous the excuse. 177 00:15:02,800 --> 00:15:05,400 Carried debris to the mountain of rubble 178 00:15:05,400 --> 00:15:09,200 in Jablonskistrasse at six in the morning - row of buckets. 179 00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:10,720 We had to work very hard. 180 00:15:11,720 --> 00:15:13,440 I was there with Lotti Martin. 181 00:15:13,440 --> 00:15:16,240 She was there because her father had been a party member. 182 00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:21,280 I was home at 10pm. That's 16 hours of hard work. 183 00:15:21,280 --> 00:15:24,160 If it goes on like this, many of the women 184 00:15:24,160 --> 00:15:26,200 won't be able to continue. 185 00:15:26,200 --> 00:15:29,200 It's dreadful how us Germans have to demean ourselves. 186 00:15:48,320 --> 00:15:50,120 Are the Americans coming or not? 187 00:15:50,120 --> 00:15:53,080 Will they divide Berlin or leave it to the Russians? 188 00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:57,920 "Who is even in charge?" I ask Endrich. 189 00:15:57,920 --> 00:15:59,320 He shrugs. 190 00:15:59,320 --> 00:16:01,000 "Whoever's turn it happens to be." 191 00:16:13,200 --> 00:16:15,560 Today, the papers show how Germany will be divided. 192 00:16:15,560 --> 00:16:19,560 The English, Americans, French and Russians are coming to Berlin. 193 00:16:22,080 --> 00:16:25,000 Berlin will have a government made up of four powers. 194 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:29,280 The Americans, British, French and Russians will have to agree 195 00:16:29,280 --> 00:16:32,480 on every detail soon, from education to food sharing. 196 00:16:35,680 --> 00:16:37,760 Theoretically, there should only be problems 197 00:16:37,760 --> 00:16:39,240 with the German population. 198 00:16:52,640 --> 00:16:55,480 It's hot in Berlin, each day is hotter than the last, 199 00:16:55,480 --> 00:16:58,240 and June heat smoulders over the city. 200 00:16:58,240 --> 00:17:01,960 Under the thin layers of dust, the dead are moving. 201 00:17:01,960 --> 00:17:05,640 The scent of their dying hangs in the air like a toxic cloud. 202 00:17:05,640 --> 00:17:09,800 The fumes wafting up from Landwehrkanal are so unbearable 203 00:17:09,800 --> 00:17:12,720 that passers-by have to hold a handkerchief to their nose. 204 00:17:32,440 --> 00:17:34,440 At lunchtime - three children who'd 205 00:17:34,440 --> 00:17:36,360 been badly injured by hand grenades 206 00:17:36,360 --> 00:17:38,040 while playing among the ruins. 207 00:17:38,040 --> 00:17:40,520 I had to splint, bandage and stitch. 208 00:17:43,920 --> 00:17:47,880 Since noon yesterday, we've had some water in the boiler room. 209 00:17:47,880 --> 00:17:49,680 Nice clean water. 210 00:17:49,680 --> 00:17:53,720 And as of 5.30pm today, we have electricity. 211 00:17:56,160 --> 00:17:59,560 We're like children, always switching the light on and off. 212 00:17:59,560 --> 00:18:01,760 You're no longer stumbling around in the dark. 213 00:18:01,760 --> 00:18:04,040 You can see each other while talking. 214 00:18:04,040 --> 00:18:07,320 Plans are being developed for a European Cultural Association - 215 00:18:07,320 --> 00:18:10,480 exhibitions, theatre, lectures. 216 00:18:10,480 --> 00:18:12,640 We've never been as hopeful as we are today. 217 00:18:17,560 --> 00:18:19,800 Concert in our school. 218 00:18:19,800 --> 00:18:23,360 MUSIC: Lied Der Nachtigall by Erna Berga and Sein Orchester 219 00:18:23,360 --> 00:18:26,520 The Philharmonic Orchestra played and Mrs Erna Berga sang. 220 00:18:30,680 --> 00:18:32,520 There were many familiar faces. 221 00:18:32,520 --> 00:18:35,120 Some guys had even dressed up again. 222 00:18:35,120 --> 00:18:36,800 It was a wonderful night. 223 00:18:42,480 --> 00:18:44,440 The first perm in a long time. 224 00:18:55,080 --> 00:18:57,040 June 16th, Saturday. 225 00:18:57,040 --> 00:18:59,600 There's a Nazi special operation today. 226 00:18:59,600 --> 00:19:03,040 At 7am, we were standing in rank and file like convicts. 227 00:19:05,280 --> 00:19:09,120 A youth leader came and told everyone under 20 to step forward 228 00:19:09,120 --> 00:19:11,560 to receive their youth assignment. 229 00:19:12,680 --> 00:19:16,560 Later, two young men showed up and collected the work cards. 230 00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:19,400 Mine still had a big N on it and Horst said, 231 00:19:19,400 --> 00:19:21,120 "We have no use for Nazis." 232 00:19:22,560 --> 00:19:25,720 But the youth leader said that it was all how it was supposed to be 233 00:19:25,720 --> 00:19:27,840 and I could get a different card. 234 00:19:27,840 --> 00:19:31,200 I should just go home and report back at 2pm. 235 00:19:31,200 --> 00:19:33,880 Then I should go to a meeting of the anti-fascist youth 236 00:19:33,880 --> 00:19:35,400 and write a protocol. 237 00:20:04,480 --> 00:20:08,080 On June 30th, I was ordered to drop all my plans and head to Berlin. 238 00:20:14,960 --> 00:20:16,960 Instead of wasting time on an orderly start, 239 00:20:16,960 --> 00:20:20,000 we grabbed our hats and hurried down the Autobahn on July 1st 240 00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:21,880 as if the Cossacks were right behind us. 241 00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:38,800 Russian officers in old confiscated vehicles rushed up and down 242 00:20:38,800 --> 00:20:40,200 our column to check us. 243 00:20:41,960 --> 00:20:43,920 Some wanted a victory toast with us. 244 00:20:43,920 --> 00:20:46,560 Others acted like little commissars. 245 00:20:51,280 --> 00:20:54,160 We reached Berlin late afternoon. 246 00:20:54,160 --> 00:20:57,160 The Russians had not allowed us to view our sectors beforehand. 247 00:20:57,160 --> 00:20:59,760 Nobody knew exactly where to go. 248 00:20:59,760 --> 00:21:03,240 Hundreds of officers and soldiers were looking for places to stay. 249 00:21:11,880 --> 00:21:16,040 RADIO: Hello, BBC, this is Richard Dimbleby speaking from Berlin. 250 00:21:17,120 --> 00:21:20,640 The official Allied occupation of Berlin has begun. 251 00:21:20,640 --> 00:21:25,000 The United States' 2nd Armored Division is entering 252 00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:27,240 the American zone of the city today. 253 00:21:28,320 --> 00:21:31,680 This is the first BBC broadcast from Berlin. 254 00:21:40,240 --> 00:21:43,720 At Reichstrasse, many tanks with white stars drove past us. 255 00:21:43,720 --> 00:21:47,080 Suddenly one tank pulls up at the kerb. 256 00:21:47,080 --> 00:21:49,000 A soldier leans out and asks, 257 00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:51,600 "Excuse me, how do we get to Grunewald?" 258 00:21:55,200 --> 00:21:58,600 We reached Gruneweld with field equipment, helmets and rucksacks. 259 00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:05,000 We set up our vehicles in a circle under the trees, 260 00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:06,680 like in the prairie in the olden days. 261 00:22:22,840 --> 00:22:25,480 In the new Antifa office, work is fun. 262 00:22:25,480 --> 00:22:27,840 It feels like they want the same thing as the Nazis, 263 00:22:27,840 --> 00:22:29,600 just under a different name. 264 00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:31,440 There are the same expectations, 265 00:22:31,440 --> 00:22:33,640 the same manners of speaking. 266 00:22:33,640 --> 00:22:36,920 The young people, they say, are working best. 267 00:22:36,920 --> 00:22:40,440 The ones that are most suited to become team leaders are usually 268 00:22:40,440 --> 00:22:42,240 the Hitler Youth leaders. 269 00:22:52,600 --> 00:22:55,000 It got serious on July 4th. 270 00:22:55,000 --> 00:22:58,280 Outside of the former Adolf Hitler SS Barracks, 271 00:22:58,280 --> 00:22:59,800 now the McNair Barracks, 272 00:22:59,800 --> 00:23:01,960 the Russians moved in with two companies. 273 00:23:01,960 --> 00:23:04,520 MUSIC: Soviet National Anthem 274 00:23:07,760 --> 00:23:10,640 When we saw them, we also positioned two companies there, 275 00:23:10,640 --> 00:23:12,400 along with a row of Sherman tanks. 276 00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:14,600 MUSIC: US National Anthem 277 00:23:14,600 --> 00:23:16,240 Their artillery fire to salute. 278 00:23:18,120 --> 00:23:20,280 Our artillery responded. 279 00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:45,400 I want to greet the American Allied forces in the name of the commandant 280 00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:48,880 of the city of Berlin and in the name of the Soviet forces. 281 00:23:50,840 --> 00:23:52,560 MUSIC: US National Anthem 282 00:23:58,600 --> 00:24:02,360 The next day, Colonel Howley sent his men to the town halls, 283 00:24:02,360 --> 00:24:05,720 raised our flag and instructed the Germans that from now on 284 00:24:05,720 --> 00:24:08,520 they would be taking their orders from the Americans. 285 00:24:15,000 --> 00:24:17,800 Mum had to be at Mrs Schwiering's at half past seven. 286 00:24:17,800 --> 00:24:20,960 They have established an officer's casino in the big villa 287 00:24:20,960 --> 00:24:22,840 at Harnackstrasse. 288 00:24:22,840 --> 00:24:25,760 Mrs Schwiering speaks English fluently. 289 00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:31,440 Mum brought wonderful things we haven't seen in six years. 290 00:24:36,320 --> 00:24:38,600 If ever the fate of Berlin had hung by a thread, 291 00:24:38,600 --> 00:24:42,000 it was on July 7th at the meeting with Zhukov. 292 00:24:43,640 --> 00:24:47,160 He brusquely announced, "And now, gentlemen, let us discuss 293 00:24:47,160 --> 00:24:50,520 "the question of how you intend to supply Berlin with food and coal." 294 00:24:53,040 --> 00:24:56,520 An icy wind from the steps swept through the room. 295 00:25:01,360 --> 00:25:03,280 Zhukov insisted. 296 00:25:03,280 --> 00:25:06,960 He said that there was not only a food shortage in East Germany, 297 00:25:06,960 --> 00:25:10,480 but also in the Soviet Union and that the Soviet administration 298 00:25:10,480 --> 00:25:12,280 could no longer feed the whole city. 299 00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:22,200 TRANSLATION: In the beginning, we were expecting 300 00:25:22,200 --> 00:25:25,160 just over two million Berliners and printed the respective number 301 00:25:25,160 --> 00:25:26,760 of food ration cards. 302 00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:30,640 But soon the situation evolved. 303 00:25:30,640 --> 00:25:34,080 Men, women and children from all over poured into the capital 304 00:25:34,080 --> 00:25:35,520 and we had to print new cards. 305 00:25:43,600 --> 00:25:46,960 Berlin was the transit point for all refugee transports, 306 00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:50,520 even though the Allied Kommandatura had locked down the city. 307 00:25:50,520 --> 00:25:55,520 In July, 500,000 refugees arrived in or were moved through Berlin. 308 00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:31,360 TRANSLATION: We have arrived at Stettin train station, 309 00:26:31,360 --> 00:26:33,520 the end of the line, completely bombed out. 310 00:26:33,520 --> 00:26:36,880 You can only see the sky, rubble, and people, people, people. 311 00:26:38,680 --> 00:26:40,920 Refugees, all drifters like us. 312 00:26:42,480 --> 00:26:43,880 Who should welcome us? 313 00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:48,520 One Berliner said, "There's still space next to that burnt-out 314 00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:51,120 "station wall over there. You can lie down there." 315 00:26:54,680 --> 00:26:57,440 TRANSLATION: Red Cross nurses showed 316 00:26:57,440 --> 00:26:59,640 us to the camp where we were to be housed. 317 00:26:59,640 --> 00:27:02,160 Soon, we stood in front of the surface air raid shelter 318 00:27:02,160 --> 00:27:04,520 and they said, "Here, you can stay." 319 00:27:04,520 --> 00:27:06,080 Then they sent us away to wash. 320 00:27:09,680 --> 00:27:12,160 TRANSLATION: Lice were like humans' pets at the time. 321 00:27:12,160 --> 00:27:14,880 We had to go for delousing repeatedly. 322 00:27:14,880 --> 00:27:18,040 Children and elders alike had to go through it. 323 00:27:18,040 --> 00:27:19,800 It was an all-around cleansing 324 00:27:19,800 --> 00:27:21,920 and afterwards the lice were gone. 325 00:27:21,920 --> 00:27:23,760 Most of the time, anyway. 326 00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:38,080 TRANSLATION: Returnees and those who have been deported 327 00:27:38,080 --> 00:27:39,360 are in poor health. 328 00:27:39,360 --> 00:27:41,480 Babies and toddlers suffered most. 329 00:27:41,480 --> 00:27:44,320 Many have severe nutritional problems. 330 00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:46,240 This has caused a lot of deaths. 331 00:28:01,800 --> 00:28:03,760 July 15th. 332 00:28:03,760 --> 00:28:07,360 At 9.45, we flew to Germany to the Potsdam Conference 333 00:28:07,360 --> 00:28:09,880 in a transport plane. 334 00:28:09,880 --> 00:28:12,840 We were received by a guard of honour at an airport. 335 00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:19,960 After a 20-minute drive, we reached our accommodation in Babelsberg. 336 00:28:23,040 --> 00:28:26,280 It was made up of a series of villas all looking out 337 00:28:26,280 --> 00:28:28,200 over the lake - very pleasant. 338 00:28:29,760 --> 00:28:31,560 In the evening, I tried to catch a pike. 339 00:28:43,240 --> 00:28:45,800 Berlin is like an island in the South Seas, 340 00:28:45,800 --> 00:28:47,640 isolated from the world. 341 00:28:47,640 --> 00:28:50,760 Yet Stalin, the British prime minister and the American president 342 00:28:50,760 --> 00:28:52,680 are in Potsdam to decide our fate. 343 00:29:09,720 --> 00:29:14,400 At 1.30pm, I went to lunch with the Prime Minister. 344 00:29:14,400 --> 00:29:17,840 He had just read the American reports about the results of secret 345 00:29:17,840 --> 00:29:19,520 experiments with the atom bomb. 346 00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:24,680 It would not be necessary, he said, 347 00:29:24,680 --> 00:29:27,680 for the Russians to enter the war with Japan - 348 00:29:27,680 --> 00:29:30,040 the new bomb was enough to end the war. 349 00:29:34,480 --> 00:29:38,440 The bomb would also change the relationship with the Russians. 350 00:29:38,440 --> 00:29:42,640 Then we could just say, if you insist on doing this or that, 351 00:29:42,640 --> 00:29:45,520 then we will wipe out Moscow from the map, 352 00:29:45,520 --> 00:29:49,280 then Stalingrad, Kyiv, Sebastopol and so on. 353 00:29:58,680 --> 00:30:00,960 The day ended with a dinner of the heads of state. 354 00:30:12,280 --> 00:30:14,320 July 25th. 355 00:30:14,320 --> 00:30:17,600 At home, I finished the blue blouse with the cut-off sleeves. 356 00:30:17,600 --> 00:30:20,440 At 8pm, I went to the movies with Mother. 357 00:30:20,440 --> 00:30:22,240 The film was called "Berlin". 358 00:30:22,240 --> 00:30:24,760 It was a Russian film about the Battle of Berlin. 359 00:30:26,280 --> 00:30:27,960 LOUD EXPLOSIONS 360 00:30:59,760 --> 00:31:01,360 We were exhausted when we left. 361 00:31:01,360 --> 00:31:03,720 They shouldn't show us something like that. 362 00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:05,880 We only just managed to get through it. 363 00:31:05,880 --> 00:31:09,240 If you were to see this in a few years, it would be different, 364 00:31:09,240 --> 00:31:11,720 but after three months, that's not clever. 365 00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:22,040 On July 28th, I did the first consecration of a boy 366 00:31:22,040 --> 00:31:25,120 in the small synagogue of the Jewish hospital. 367 00:31:25,120 --> 00:31:29,080 The following day, on July 29th, I married the first Jewish couple 368 00:31:29,080 --> 00:31:31,840 in Berlin in the small synagogue in Rykestrasse. 369 00:31:33,320 --> 00:31:37,120 Amid all the terrible suffering, murder and savagery in Auschwitz, 370 00:31:37,120 --> 00:31:39,720 two people had found each other. 371 00:31:39,720 --> 00:31:42,280 This was the first joyous day for the newly awakened 372 00:31:42,280 --> 00:31:43,880 Berlin congregation. 373 00:31:55,400 --> 00:31:59,040 Oh, Schatzel, how wonderful to be lying in one's own bed, 374 00:31:59,040 --> 00:32:01,800 knowing one is within one's own four walls. 375 00:32:01,800 --> 00:32:03,360 Goodnight. 376 00:32:03,360 --> 00:32:06,280 I hope you are all relatively comfortable as well, 377 00:32:06,280 --> 00:32:08,040 if you are still alive. 378 00:32:21,520 --> 00:32:23,720 Even though I escaped the gas chambers, 379 00:32:23,720 --> 00:32:26,480 the locked doors, the screaming and the beatings, 380 00:32:26,480 --> 00:32:28,480 the dogs and the roll calls, 381 00:32:28,480 --> 00:32:30,680 at night it caught up with me. 382 00:32:30,680 --> 00:32:33,520 It all came back. The barbed wire fences, 383 00:32:33,520 --> 00:32:35,960 the young girl dead in the dirt, 384 00:32:35,960 --> 00:32:38,400 Gad waving goodbye. 385 00:32:38,400 --> 00:32:40,960 The past and the present were merging, 386 00:32:40,960 --> 00:32:42,920 the future was an empty sheet of paper. 387 00:32:57,200 --> 00:32:59,440 Huge headlines in all papers. 388 00:32:59,440 --> 00:33:01,040 The Potsdam Agreement. 389 00:33:01,040 --> 00:33:04,000 Common policy in all occupied territories, 390 00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:06,720 mutual consent on the order of peace in Europe. 391 00:33:06,720 --> 00:33:08,800 It sounds too good to be true. 392 00:33:16,160 --> 00:33:19,000 This is a historic occasion. 393 00:33:21,640 --> 00:33:24,680 We have conclusively proven 394 00:33:24,680 --> 00:33:26,960 that a free people... 395 00:33:29,280 --> 00:33:34,080 ..can successfully look after the affairs of the world. 396 00:34:11,200 --> 00:34:13,200 Here we have it - no invasion, 397 00:34:13,200 --> 00:34:16,080 but the atom bomb on the city of Hiroshima. 398 00:34:21,600 --> 00:34:25,840 If Hitler had managed to create such an instrument of destruction, 399 00:34:25,840 --> 00:34:27,840 I dare not think it. 400 00:35:03,440 --> 00:35:06,080 TRANSLATION: August 12th. 401 00:35:06,080 --> 00:35:08,920 The Americans are met with great sympathy. 402 00:35:08,920 --> 00:35:11,640 Yes, the behaviour of some Germans is actually disgraceful. 403 00:35:13,560 --> 00:35:16,480 Every day, one can observe how German men greedily bend down 404 00:35:16,480 --> 00:35:19,720 to pick up cigarette butts thrown away by Americans, 405 00:35:19,720 --> 00:35:22,200 or German women strolling through the streets and parks, 406 00:35:22,200 --> 00:35:24,320 arm in arm with American soldiers. 407 00:35:31,680 --> 00:35:35,000 Imagine your own son, 18 or 19 years old, 408 00:35:35,000 --> 00:35:37,000 free of any supervision, 409 00:35:37,000 --> 00:35:39,960 provided with almost unlimited resources 410 00:35:39,960 --> 00:35:42,720 and fortunate enough to be as attractive as Clark Gable. 411 00:35:46,040 --> 00:35:48,200 Now imagine him being exposed 412 00:35:48,200 --> 00:35:51,520 to a people bereft of any moral standards. 413 00:35:51,520 --> 00:35:55,200 Berlin women are hungry and lonely. 414 00:35:55,200 --> 00:35:58,080 INFORMATION FILM NARRATION: The problem now is future peace. 415 00:35:58,080 --> 00:35:59,880 That is your job in Germany. 416 00:36:01,320 --> 00:36:03,080 You are soldiers on guard. 417 00:36:04,240 --> 00:36:06,760 You will not argue with them. 418 00:36:06,760 --> 00:36:09,320 You will not be friendly. 419 00:36:09,320 --> 00:36:10,880 You will be aloof, 420 00:36:10,880 --> 00:36:13,160 watchful and suspicious. 421 00:36:14,520 --> 00:36:18,240 Every German is a potential source of trouble. 422 00:36:18,240 --> 00:36:20,920 Therefore, there must be no fraternisation 423 00:36:20,920 --> 00:36:22,640 with any of the German people. 424 00:36:37,600 --> 00:36:40,240 The guards have taken possession of all the motorboats at the end 425 00:36:40,240 --> 00:36:41,720 of their lake. 426 00:36:43,720 --> 00:36:45,040 When they're not on duty, 427 00:36:45,040 --> 00:36:48,000 they race up and down the lake with German girls in their boats 428 00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:49,640 and enjoy themselves. 429 00:37:14,080 --> 00:37:16,680 TRANSLATION: You become numb. 430 00:37:16,680 --> 00:37:19,880 I alone have diagnosed 50 cases of gonorrhoea. 431 00:37:19,880 --> 00:37:22,480 Now the cases of unwanted pregnancies are mounting. 432 00:37:36,760 --> 00:37:39,520 TRANSLATION: I herewith politely ask for your attention 433 00:37:39,520 --> 00:37:41,920 for the suffering of a mother and wife of a man 434 00:37:41,920 --> 00:37:43,720 who is currently a prisoner of war. 435 00:37:43,720 --> 00:37:47,520 She got into this terrible situation without any personal wrongdoing 436 00:37:47,520 --> 00:37:50,960 and is in the deepest agony of the soul, begging for your help. 437 00:37:55,640 --> 00:37:57,520 TRANSLATION: I was raped by Russians 438 00:37:57,520 --> 00:37:59,720 on the 21st and 22nd of April this year, 439 00:37:59,720 --> 00:38:02,040 which brought about this pregnancy. 440 00:38:02,040 --> 00:38:04,560 Due to my condition, I'm suffering from depression 441 00:38:04,560 --> 00:38:08,160 and therefore ask for a termination of the pregnancy. 442 00:38:08,160 --> 00:38:10,280 I'm a paediatric nurse by profession. 443 00:38:14,000 --> 00:38:16,200 TRANSLATION: During a small festivity 444 00:38:16,200 --> 00:38:19,760 where alcohol was involved, I was raped by an American. 445 00:38:19,760 --> 00:38:21,800 This evening now has consequences 446 00:38:21,800 --> 00:38:25,080 and I therefore politely ask for the termination of my pregnancy. 447 00:38:30,920 --> 00:38:34,200 TRANSLATION: The termination of the pregnancy of Mrs Gerda Karl, 448 00:38:34,200 --> 00:38:36,840 resident of Berlin-Neukolln, is hereby approved. 449 00:38:46,560 --> 00:38:49,320 TRANSLATION: Dear Mum, dear Dad. 450 00:38:49,320 --> 00:38:51,160 What a terrible place, Berlin. 451 00:38:52,840 --> 00:38:55,600 You cannot begin to imagine the bleakness of this megalopolis. 452 00:38:59,560 --> 00:39:02,520 Even more horrifying are those Berliners dwelling in the cellars, 453 00:39:02,520 --> 00:39:04,120 dying of starvation. 454 00:39:15,960 --> 00:39:18,280 TRANSLATION: What we got on the Russian card 455 00:39:18,280 --> 00:39:21,040 wasn't sufficient at all. We just had to try and organise 456 00:39:21,040 --> 00:39:22,520 something on the black market. 457 00:39:24,440 --> 00:39:26,800 My parents scrambled together anything that could 458 00:39:26,800 --> 00:39:28,600 possibly be fobbed off - 459 00:39:28,600 --> 00:39:32,520 our toys, doll houses, scooters, skates. 460 00:39:32,520 --> 00:39:35,840 Sometimes, that would get some good stuff - a little butter, 461 00:39:35,840 --> 00:39:37,800 some extra bread or a piece of bacon. 462 00:39:48,360 --> 00:39:50,760 Everything is being bartered, trafficked 463 00:39:50,760 --> 00:39:53,120 and sold to people at outrageous prices. 464 00:39:59,200 --> 00:40:02,680 Our GIs have had cheap watches and cigarettes sent to them, 465 00:40:02,680 --> 00:40:06,320 which they now sell around Alexanderplatz or in the Tiergarten 466 00:40:06,320 --> 00:40:09,600 to their Russian comrades at fantastic prices. 467 00:40:09,600 --> 00:40:12,800 Mickey Mouse watches fetch 10,000 marks apiece. 468 00:40:14,440 --> 00:40:17,240 They could exchange the money, one-to-one, into American dollars. 469 00:40:27,920 --> 00:40:30,520 Fancy visiting antique shops with no money 470 00:40:30,520 --> 00:40:32,760 and cigarettes in one's handbag instead. 471 00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:37,520 For four packets, I got a lovely Venetian glass 472 00:40:37,520 --> 00:40:39,160 and a large tortoiseshell comb. 473 00:40:40,680 --> 00:40:42,440 How valuable cigarettes are. 474 00:40:49,920 --> 00:40:51,360 September 10th. 475 00:40:57,000 --> 00:40:59,560 A few days back, there was a great military parade 476 00:40:59,560 --> 00:41:01,320 celebrating the end of the war. 477 00:41:01,320 --> 00:41:04,960 Thousands of Russians, thousands of French, thousands of Americans, 478 00:41:04,960 --> 00:41:07,280 thousands of British. 479 00:41:07,280 --> 00:41:10,240 For us, it was great that the French took up as much space as the others. 480 00:41:11,720 --> 00:41:13,800 Just as many men, just as many flags. 481 00:41:24,960 --> 00:41:27,920 The German Reich is shattered. 482 00:41:27,920 --> 00:41:30,360 The German economy is shattered. 483 00:41:30,360 --> 00:41:32,560 The German culture is shattered. 484 00:41:34,920 --> 00:41:37,640 We no longer have a voice in the League of Nations, 485 00:41:37,640 --> 00:41:40,360 but are treated like mere indigenous people in a colony. 486 00:41:41,960 --> 00:41:45,200 These are the bitter fruits of five and a half years of war, 487 00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:47,160 full of struggle and deprivation. 488 00:41:50,120 --> 00:41:52,440 I'm afraid the Germans have still not learnt the lesson 489 00:41:52,440 --> 00:41:54,800 of this terrible war. 490 00:41:54,800 --> 00:41:57,080 They're only sorry for themselves, 491 00:41:57,080 --> 00:41:59,160 not for all those they murdered 492 00:41:59,160 --> 00:42:02,360 and tortured and tried to wipe from the face of the Earth. 493 00:42:12,280 --> 00:42:14,520 October 1st. 494 00:42:17,920 --> 00:42:21,360 Went to see a film with Gunter in the evening. 495 00:42:21,360 --> 00:42:24,920 "Jenny and the Gentleman in the Tailcoat," with Johannes Heesters. 496 00:42:34,760 --> 00:42:38,040 It looks as though Gunter is completely infatuated with me. 497 00:42:43,240 --> 00:42:46,760 I told Mum I'm at the meeting or she'd get upset and scold me again. 498 00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:06,280 Mrs Schulze received a letter from Kurt. 499 00:43:06,280 --> 00:43:09,080 So Kurt is alive, thank God. I'm very happy. 500 00:43:18,400 --> 00:43:21,800 November 8th. The flat is now halfway cosy and nice, 501 00:43:21,800 --> 00:43:24,360 the beginning of an existence in the making. 502 00:43:24,360 --> 00:43:27,040 But my great anxiety about my husband and children 503 00:43:27,040 --> 00:43:29,640 remains my all-encompassing concern. 504 00:43:29,640 --> 00:43:32,800 I've left no stone unturned to try and find the children, 505 00:43:32,800 --> 00:43:35,240 but have remained unsuccessful. 506 00:43:35,240 --> 00:43:38,080 I don't know how I am to bear the certainty of their death, 507 00:43:38,080 --> 00:43:39,720 should this come about. 508 00:43:39,720 --> 00:43:42,360 And the only person who ever understood me, 509 00:43:42,360 --> 00:43:44,040 he, too, will not return. 510 00:43:55,400 --> 00:43:57,960 In Nuremberg, an International Court of Justice, 511 00:43:57,960 --> 00:44:01,520 has convened to pass judgment on the main war criminals. 512 00:44:01,520 --> 00:44:03,200 24 defendants. 513 00:44:09,720 --> 00:44:14,560 The bill of indictment filled seven closely typed newspaper pages. 514 00:44:14,560 --> 00:44:17,240 Watching the people flicking through this document of shame 515 00:44:17,240 --> 00:44:20,600 with indifference, it seems as though none of this concerns them, 516 00:44:20,600 --> 00:44:22,800 neither crime nor perpetrators, 517 00:44:22,800 --> 00:44:24,720 neither guilt nor punishment. 518 00:44:53,040 --> 00:44:54,880 These 21 men, these zeroes, 519 00:44:54,880 --> 00:44:58,000 these hardworking and confident monsters, 520 00:44:58,000 --> 00:45:00,680 were the last survivors of a gang that had ruled Germany. 521 00:45:05,320 --> 00:45:09,160 Because of them, millions of soldiers, sailors, pilots 522 00:45:09,160 --> 00:45:11,560 and civilians died in the war, 523 00:45:11,560 --> 00:45:14,160 and millions died in gas chambers and furnaces. 524 00:45:16,720 --> 00:45:20,280 No famine, no plague, no punishment of God ever accomplished 525 00:45:20,280 --> 00:45:21,920 what these men were able to do. 526 00:45:23,720 --> 00:45:27,120 They caused destruction such as the world has never seen, 527 00:45:27,120 --> 00:45:29,800 and there they sat, stony faced. 528 00:45:34,640 --> 00:45:37,320 Hermann Wilhelm Goring... 529 00:45:39,200 --> 00:45:41,840 ..you must plead guilty or not guilty. 530 00:45:50,520 --> 00:45:51,760 Rudolf Hess. 531 00:45:56,640 --> 00:45:58,040 Wilhelm Keitel. 532 00:46:03,560 --> 00:46:05,040 Alfred Jodl. 533 00:46:27,800 --> 00:46:29,760 December 8th. 534 00:46:29,760 --> 00:46:31,400 Feast of the Immaculate Conception, 535 00:46:31,400 --> 00:46:33,280 Day of Remembrance. 536 00:46:33,280 --> 00:46:35,120 The first snow, very cold, 537 00:46:35,120 --> 00:46:37,600 wind beating against the windows. 538 00:46:50,120 --> 00:46:54,320 At 7am with mother to the Borgsdorf forest to fetch wood. 539 00:46:54,320 --> 00:46:55,680 It was terribly heavy, 540 00:46:55,680 --> 00:46:58,280 and the forester was about to confiscate our tools 541 00:46:58,280 --> 00:46:59,960 when we wanted to saw a trunk. 542 00:47:01,480 --> 00:47:04,320 We had two large sacks, a rucksack and a bag, 543 00:47:04,320 --> 00:47:06,240 and still we had to run for the train. 544 00:47:21,600 --> 00:47:24,240 December 10th. 545 00:47:24,240 --> 00:47:26,880 It's said to be almost minus 20 degrees Centigrade. 546 00:47:29,600 --> 00:47:31,920 My hair has turned very grey. 547 00:47:31,920 --> 00:47:34,800 In general, we all age rapidly now. 548 00:47:34,800 --> 00:47:38,240 Snow outside, scrunching underfoot. 549 00:47:38,240 --> 00:47:40,640 Everybody's complaining about the cold. 550 00:47:40,640 --> 00:47:43,200 I hope it won't last for long. 551 00:47:43,200 --> 00:47:44,480 With the lack of coal, 552 00:47:44,480 --> 00:47:47,600 the malnourished will freeze to death in their flats. 553 00:47:47,600 --> 00:47:49,200 It's been happening already. 554 00:48:01,640 --> 00:48:03,880 First post-war Christmas. 555 00:48:03,880 --> 00:48:06,240 How different from what we had imagined. 556 00:48:06,240 --> 00:48:08,680 No tree, no presents, no Andric. 557 00:48:10,360 --> 00:48:13,240 But the curfew was lifted yesterday 558 00:48:13,240 --> 00:48:15,800 and those brave enough are allowed out after 11pm. 559 00:48:25,160 --> 00:48:27,040 Eaten lots and well. 560 00:48:27,040 --> 00:48:30,120 To church with Hansels and Schulzes at quarter to five. 561 00:48:30,120 --> 00:48:32,680 It was crowded so we stood on the upper gallery. 562 00:48:38,680 --> 00:48:41,840 Another Christmas without the children. 563 00:48:41,840 --> 00:48:44,800 Last year, I often thought about it and wished for the next one 564 00:48:44,800 --> 00:48:46,760 not to be so sad. 565 00:48:46,760 --> 00:48:50,040 Now, Christmas will soon come around and I have even less hope. 566 00:48:57,760 --> 00:48:59,600 Monday, New Year's Eve. 567 00:48:59,600 --> 00:49:02,200 Mother was angry with me when I left in the evening. 568 00:49:02,200 --> 00:49:04,840 I took my records, first to Gunter, 569 00:49:04,840 --> 00:49:07,880 then to Hayo, who lives in Weissensee. His parents were out. 570 00:49:09,800 --> 00:49:13,120 Gunter was quite jealous because I was flirting with Rudi and danced 571 00:49:13,120 --> 00:49:16,320 the first dance of the New Year with him. It was "Lantern, Lantern." 572 00:49:16,320 --> 00:49:18,560 # Laternchen, laternchen 573 00:49:18,560 --> 00:49:20,520 # Laternchen... # 574 00:49:28,200 --> 00:49:31,560 At 5am, I went to another family, who were also celebrating 575 00:49:31,560 --> 00:49:33,400 and in high spirits. 576 00:49:33,400 --> 00:49:35,040 At 6am, I returned. 577 00:49:35,040 --> 00:49:37,560 Mother was livid. 578 00:49:37,560 --> 00:49:40,280 I went to bed and slept until 11 the next morning. 579 00:49:51,320 --> 00:49:55,680 In 1949, Brigitte Eicke married her childhood sweetheart Kurt Schulze. 580 00:49:59,240 --> 00:50:02,000 The couple had two children, a boy and a girl. 581 00:50:04,920 --> 00:50:10,040 Brigitte spent her entire life in Prenzlauer Berg and died in 2016 582 00:50:10,040 --> 00:50:11,480 at the age of 89. 583 00:50:15,280 --> 00:50:18,720 The trial against the main war criminals at Nuremberg concluded 584 00:50:18,720 --> 00:50:22,880 with 12 death sentences, seven long-term or life prison sentences 585 00:50:22,880 --> 00:50:25,040 and three acquittals. 586 00:50:25,040 --> 00:50:28,920 Hermann Goring eluded his punishment by committing suicide. 587 00:50:28,920 --> 00:50:32,400 In 1947, over 98% of all registered 588 00:50:32,400 --> 00:50:35,680 NSDAP members were back at work. 589 00:50:35,680 --> 00:50:39,360 Even high-ranking SS functionaries were able to build a career 590 00:50:39,360 --> 00:50:43,200 after the war, as doctors, judges, teachers, professors, 591 00:50:43,200 --> 00:50:45,000 civil servants or journalists. 592 00:50:48,800 --> 00:50:53,280 Only in 1946 Alice Lowenthal received confirmation 593 00:50:53,280 --> 00:50:57,280 that her second husband and her daughters, Gitti and Ruth, had died. 594 00:50:57,280 --> 00:51:00,480 All three had been murdered at Auschwitz concentration camp 595 00:51:00,480 --> 00:51:02,720 and were declared dead in 1950. 596 00:51:05,040 --> 00:51:10,120 Alice married again, the son of the family who had hidden her. 597 00:51:10,120 --> 00:51:13,720 The pair had another daughter they named Eva Ruth Gitti. 598 00:51:16,200 --> 00:51:18,000 Alice died in 1985. 599 00:51:19,560 --> 00:51:21,240 Eva still lives in Berlin.