1 00:02:23,680 --> 00:02:26,040 He's a leader like no other, 2 00:02:26,040 --> 00:02:29,480 commander of a formidable military, 3 00:02:29,480 --> 00:02:31,920 president of a rising superpower. 4 00:02:36,920 --> 00:02:39,040 This series tells the story 5 00:02:39,040 --> 00:02:43,520 of Chinese President Xi Jinping's six-year rule. 6 00:02:43,520 --> 00:02:47,880 He heads an economy that is now crucial to all of us. 7 00:02:47,880 --> 00:02:51,880 Hundreds of millions of people have been lifted out of poverty. 8 00:02:51,880 --> 00:02:55,760 China was clearly going to be the great source of growth 9 00:02:55,760 --> 00:02:58,240 in the global economy, and we want a part of that. 10 00:02:59,560 --> 00:03:02,680 For years, world leaders have sought to work with him 11 00:03:02,680 --> 00:03:06,560 to solve some of the most pressing issues of our time. 12 00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:08,040 When we work together, 13 00:03:08,040 --> 00:03:11,160 it's good for the United States, it's good for China, 14 00:03:11,160 --> 00:03:13,520 and it is good for the world. 15 00:03:13,520 --> 00:03:18,040 But in the West, there's growing anxiety about how President Xi's 16 00:03:18,040 --> 00:03:20,080 China is extending its power. 17 00:03:21,320 --> 00:03:25,040 Now, media reports have suggested that the Chinese Communist Party 18 00:03:25,040 --> 00:03:27,840 has been working covertly to interfere with the decisions 19 00:03:27,840 --> 00:03:29,320 of elected representatives. 20 00:03:29,320 --> 00:03:33,320 I think Australia is, in many ways, the canary in the coal mine. 21 00:03:33,320 --> 00:03:38,200 We're exposing the faces and names behind the keyboards in Shanghai 22 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:41,000 used to steal from American businesses. 23 00:03:42,520 --> 00:03:45,400 Inside China, his Communist government 24 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:49,120 has become increasingly intolerant of criticism and dissent. 25 00:03:52,400 --> 00:03:57,240 Evidence is now emerging of monstrous crimes against humanity. 26 00:03:57,240 --> 00:04:00,320 It's a message to the people. 27 00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:03,360 We have power to finish you. We have power. 28 00:04:03,360 --> 00:04:06,720 And in Hong Kong, he's now facing 29 00:04:06,720 --> 00:04:09,720 the biggest-ever challenge to his authority. 30 00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:13,320 We don't want Hong Kong to become China. We want our freedom. 31 00:04:14,720 --> 00:04:18,400 Xi Jinping has transformed his country. 32 00:04:18,400 --> 00:04:21,840 He could be president for the rest of his life. 33 00:04:21,840 --> 00:04:26,960 So, what does that mean for China and the rest of the world? 34 00:04:26,960 --> 00:04:31,200 Xi Jinping has taken China down a much more assertive route 35 00:04:31,200 --> 00:04:34,040 and that, of course, is making the rest of the world wonder 36 00:04:34,040 --> 00:04:35,320 what's in store. 37 00:04:35,320 --> 00:04:38,920 If we don't speak out, if we don't condemn China 38 00:04:38,920 --> 00:04:43,000 for that kind of behaviour, nobody else will. 39 00:05:01,040 --> 00:05:02,680 The result of the vote is... 40 00:05:04,520 --> 00:05:09,360 ..the Games of the XXIX Olympiad in 2008 41 00:05:09,360 --> 00:05:12,240 are awarded to the city of Beijing. 42 00:05:12,240 --> 00:05:14,080 SHOUTING 43 00:05:17,600 --> 00:05:19,600 Beijing! Welcome to Beijing! 44 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:22,640 Thank you! Thank you! 45 00:05:22,640 --> 00:05:27,680 In 2001, after decades of isolation, the world's largest 46 00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:32,160 communist country won the right to host the world's greatest games. 47 00:05:33,560 --> 00:05:38,840 The Beijing Olympics was essentially the coming-out party for China. 48 00:05:38,840 --> 00:05:41,880 That was the marker to show that China 49 00:05:41,880 --> 00:05:47,360 really is now modern and rich and powerful. 50 00:05:52,560 --> 00:05:55,880 The man put in charge was little-known in the West. 51 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:08,640 Xi Jinping was in the running to be China's next president. 52 00:06:10,280 --> 00:06:13,360 Now, if the Beijing Olympics were to be a failure, 53 00:06:13,360 --> 00:06:17,320 a spectacular embarrassment to the party state, 54 00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:20,080 then it could raise the question 55 00:06:20,080 --> 00:06:24,400 whether Xi Jinping was the right person to be the leader of China. 56 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:30,560 APPLAUSE 57 00:06:34,080 --> 00:06:37,720 These are the Games where nothing is being left to chance, 58 00:06:37,720 --> 00:06:40,800 where fortunes have been spent on chasing perfection. 59 00:06:44,240 --> 00:06:46,080 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 60 00:06:50,960 --> 00:06:52,640 HUW EDWARDS: The stadium has erupted, 61 00:06:52,640 --> 00:06:54,200 there's no other word for it, 62 00:06:54,200 --> 00:06:57,880 and there are thousands upon thousands of red flags being waved 63 00:06:57,880 --> 00:07:02,120 right up to the upper levels of this vast Bird's Nest. 64 00:07:02,120 --> 00:07:03,600 CHEERING 65 00:07:03,600 --> 00:07:07,440 A spectacular jet of flames lighting the torch tower - 66 00:07:07,440 --> 00:07:15,440 that sight tells us that the Games of the XXIX Olympiad are open. 67 00:07:15,440 --> 00:07:19,800 The Beijing Olympics was a tremendous success 68 00:07:19,800 --> 00:07:22,880 as far as the Chinese government was concerned. 69 00:07:22,880 --> 00:07:26,880 It projected China's image in the way that the party wanted. 70 00:07:33,640 --> 00:07:38,040 Xi Jinping became the head of China's ruling Communist Party, 71 00:07:38,040 --> 00:07:41,520 and, in 2013, he got the job he dreamed of. 72 00:07:43,600 --> 00:07:46,240 Xi Jinping took the stage. 73 00:07:46,240 --> 00:07:49,040 China's new president spoke of his Chinese dream. 74 00:08:05,320 --> 00:08:09,040 The Chinese people were very excited because President Xi presented 75 00:08:09,040 --> 00:08:14,480 to the country a strong, confident 76 00:08:14,480 --> 00:08:17,880 man with vision about where China's going. 77 00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:21,720 CAR HORNS HONK 78 00:08:21,720 --> 00:08:24,040 President Xi took charge of an economy 79 00:08:24,040 --> 00:08:28,040 that had grown faster than any other in history. 80 00:08:28,040 --> 00:08:30,280 But, as the economy had boomed, 81 00:08:30,280 --> 00:08:33,200 so had something else that Xi refused to tolerate. 82 00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:37,160 Corruption in the Communist Party. 83 00:08:47,480 --> 00:08:50,640 Yuan Dong was a securities trader in Beijing. 84 00:09:05,040 --> 00:09:09,080 In 2001 to 2012, China's economy quadrupled, 85 00:09:09,080 --> 00:09:13,160 so incredible rates of growth throughout those years, 86 00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:17,400 and so I think Xi Jinping knew that this kind of enrichment 87 00:09:17,400 --> 00:09:21,080 was also a sea of temptation, 88 00:09:21,080 --> 00:09:23,920 and that party officials were losing sight of the fact 89 00:09:23,920 --> 00:09:26,480 that they were part of a political organisation, 90 00:09:26,480 --> 00:09:29,000 and started to believe that they were really businessmen. 91 00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:33,240 If President Xi didn't fix the corruption issues, 92 00:09:33,240 --> 00:09:35,720 there would have been no legitimacy 93 00:09:35,720 --> 00:09:38,520 of the Communist Party going forward. 94 00:09:38,520 --> 00:09:41,000 That was how important it was. 95 00:09:45,080 --> 00:09:47,280 President Xi launched a crackdown. 96 00:09:48,800 --> 00:09:53,200 By the end of 2013, more than 30,000 party officials were investigated 97 00:09:53,200 --> 00:09:56,640 and punished for violating what's called the Eight Provisions 98 00:09:56,640 --> 00:09:59,440 to ban extravagance and formalism. 99 00:09:59,440 --> 00:10:01,840 The campaign was hugely popular. 100 00:10:11,120 --> 00:10:14,240 But Dong thought the party should go further. 101 00:10:14,240 --> 00:10:17,680 He joined a campaign group - the New Citizens' Movement. 102 00:11:02,080 --> 00:11:03,840 INDISTINCT CHATTER 103 00:12:55,560 --> 00:12:57,400 What Dong didn't know is that, 104 00:12:57,400 --> 00:13:00,840 months earlier, journalists at Bloomberg in Beijing 105 00:13:00,840 --> 00:13:04,080 had begun asking questions about Xi's family wealth. 106 00:13:08,440 --> 00:13:12,400 We started investigating Xi's family in May 2012. 107 00:13:12,400 --> 00:13:15,480 We thought that China's leaders need to be scrutinised. 108 00:13:15,480 --> 00:13:19,160 Chinese reporters cannot write stories like this 109 00:13:19,160 --> 00:13:22,560 because the Chinese media is very much controlled by the state. 110 00:13:23,600 --> 00:13:26,400 And we found laid out in a report - 111 00:13:26,400 --> 00:13:28,920 I think it was on page 61 - 112 00:13:28,920 --> 00:13:34,640 all these assets owned by Xi Jinping's sister and brother-in-law, 113 00:13:34,640 --> 00:13:38,640 and from there, we just built out that story. 114 00:13:40,040 --> 00:13:42,840 It took weeks of painstaking work. 115 00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:46,360 Some assets appeared to have been carefully hidden. 116 00:13:46,360 --> 00:13:50,960 Powerful influential people will put the names of their holdings 117 00:13:50,960 --> 00:13:55,120 in obscure people that are only marginally related to them. 118 00:13:55,120 --> 00:13:59,120 This allows them to, you know, keep their distance from it. 119 00:14:00,960 --> 00:14:05,240 They traced no assets to Xi personally, and found no evidence 120 00:14:05,240 --> 00:14:09,480 he had intervened to advance his relatives' business transactions. 121 00:14:10,520 --> 00:14:14,520 While we didn't find any assets for his immediate family, 122 00:14:14,520 --> 00:14:19,080 we did find a lot of assets from his older sister, another sister, 123 00:14:19,080 --> 00:14:22,120 and their husbands and their kids as well. 124 00:14:23,400 --> 00:14:26,960 They found evidence that Xi's family had assets 125 00:14:26,960 --> 00:14:29,920 worth more than $380 million. 126 00:14:31,440 --> 00:14:34,760 A lot of these assets had the markings of assets 127 00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:37,280 that were acquired through family influence. 128 00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:41,600 Real estate, stakes in state-connected companies. 129 00:14:41,600 --> 00:14:44,840 It quickly became obvious that, um, 130 00:14:44,840 --> 00:14:47,680 this was going to be very serious. 131 00:14:50,480 --> 00:14:53,240 Within minutes of publishing the story, Bloomberg's website 132 00:14:53,240 --> 00:14:56,200 was blocked in China, and has never been opened again. 133 00:14:59,960 --> 00:15:02,160 The party sent a very clear message. 134 00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:04,360 "You are not to write about these stories. 135 00:15:04,360 --> 00:15:06,360 "These stories are off limits." 136 00:15:08,360 --> 00:15:12,680 The Chinese people saying this is very, very much politically biased 137 00:15:12,680 --> 00:15:15,320 will have some other senior party member, 138 00:15:15,320 --> 00:15:18,360 leaders or former leaders, 139 00:15:18,360 --> 00:15:21,720 who have direct involvement into corruption. 140 00:15:21,720 --> 00:15:25,560 Why Bloomberg or some Western medias do not expose those, 141 00:15:25,560 --> 00:15:27,440 but why just focus on Xi Jinping? 142 00:15:31,800 --> 00:15:36,640 In a police cell in Beijing, anti-corruption protester Yuan Dong 143 00:15:36,640 --> 00:15:39,480 knew nothing about the Bloomberg investigation. 144 00:15:57,240 --> 00:16:01,520 More than a dozen members of the New Citizens' Movement were arrested. 145 00:16:01,520 --> 00:16:05,680 For some in the West, it was the first clear indication 146 00:16:05,680 --> 00:16:09,160 of how President Xi was going to rule China. 147 00:16:09,160 --> 00:16:11,800 This was a group of people who were 148 00:16:11,800 --> 00:16:16,280 conducting very small-scale peaceful activism, 149 00:16:16,280 --> 00:16:19,760 and literally were saying the same things on the streets 150 00:16:19,760 --> 00:16:24,600 that party leaders were saying in closed-door meetings. 151 00:16:24,600 --> 00:16:28,640 That was the moment when we knew that Xi Jinping 152 00:16:28,640 --> 00:16:30,640 was going to be bad news for human rights. 153 00:16:30,640 --> 00:16:32,720 CHEERING 154 00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:39,040 But inside China, President Xi was more popular than ever. 155 00:16:40,720 --> 00:16:43,480 The economy was doing well, 156 00:16:43,480 --> 00:16:47,280 and Xi Jinping's leadership was riding high domestically. 157 00:16:50,040 --> 00:16:54,040 If the Communist Party were to have genuine 158 00:16:54,040 --> 00:16:56,640 free and open elections, 159 00:16:56,640 --> 00:16:59,320 I would have very little doubt that Xi Jinping 160 00:16:59,320 --> 00:17:02,080 would have been elected with a landslide. 161 00:17:09,080 --> 00:17:11,080 The vehicle turns onto the pavement, 162 00:17:11,080 --> 00:17:13,320 knocks down and kills two, 163 00:17:13,320 --> 00:17:16,560 swerves through the crowd, before crashing in Tiananmen Square. 164 00:17:18,240 --> 00:17:22,880 Then came Xi's first crisis as president - 165 00:17:22,880 --> 00:17:25,640 a terror attack in the heart of Beijing 166 00:17:25,640 --> 00:17:28,360 that left five dead and 38 injured. 167 00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:33,840 To have the burning vehicle under that famous picture of Chairman Mao, 168 00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:37,720 the flag of jihad flying in this square, 169 00:17:37,720 --> 00:17:40,360 is really a failure of massive proportions 170 00:17:40,360 --> 00:17:42,080 from Beijing's perspective. 171 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:47,480 But these weren't foreign jihadis. 172 00:17:47,480 --> 00:17:51,080 They came from a province 1,500 miles away 173 00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:53,160 in the far west of China. 174 00:18:16,120 --> 00:18:19,560 Xinjiang is not a normal province in China. 175 00:18:19,560 --> 00:18:22,800 Xinjiang is populated by the Uighurs, 176 00:18:22,800 --> 00:18:26,080 but there are also other ethnic groups in there as well. 177 00:18:26,080 --> 00:18:30,920 They are not Han Chinese, and they are Muslim, 178 00:18:30,920 --> 00:18:33,360 so they are quite different. 179 00:18:35,040 --> 00:18:38,840 A growing Han Chinese presence in Xinjiang, part of a government 180 00:18:38,840 --> 00:18:42,720 drive to develop the region, had provoked separatist anger. 181 00:18:44,040 --> 00:18:46,560 For years, there'd been sporadic violence. 182 00:18:49,120 --> 00:18:54,240 A riot erupts. Protesters, mostly from the Muslim Uighur minority, 183 00:18:54,240 --> 00:18:56,720 tore apart buses and cars with their bare hands. 184 00:18:58,080 --> 00:19:00,800 Then they turned on local Han Chinese. 185 00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:04,240 Few could believe the anger and violence directed towards them. 186 00:19:04,240 --> 00:19:06,720 SPEAKING IN OWN LANGUAGE 187 00:19:06,720 --> 00:19:10,960 Xinjiang's Uighurs say they've been colonised by the Chinese. 188 00:19:10,960 --> 00:19:13,400 Many want to separate from China. 189 00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:30,360 Where other leaders had failed, 190 00:19:30,360 --> 00:19:33,080 President Xi was determined to succeed. 191 00:19:35,840 --> 00:19:38,960 His first visit to Xinjiang was a show of strength. 192 00:19:41,000 --> 00:19:44,240 A clear message to the Uighurs they were part of China. 193 00:20:07,040 --> 00:20:09,800 SPEAKING IN OWN LANGUAGE 194 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:22,880 But Meripet wouldn't be able to ignore Xi Jinping for long. 195 00:20:26,080 --> 00:20:27,960 On the final day of his visit, 196 00:20:27,960 --> 00:20:31,160 there was another attack targeting Han Chinese. 197 00:20:33,680 --> 00:20:35,760 Security forces moved quickly 198 00:20:35,760 --> 00:20:38,680 to lock down what is a major railway station. 199 00:20:38,680 --> 00:20:40,480 Attackers set off explosives, 200 00:20:40,480 --> 00:20:43,560 and then slashed people with knives at a station exit. 201 00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:16,360 President Xi ordered a crackdown, 202 00:21:16,360 --> 00:21:20,560 and declared Xinjiang the front line in China's war on terror. 203 00:21:28,480 --> 00:21:31,920 In the weeks that followed, hundreds of people were rounded up. 204 00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:39,040 One month into the campaign, 13 had been sentenced to death. 205 00:21:41,480 --> 00:21:46,120 It seems like we was an enemy of the Chinese government. 206 00:21:46,120 --> 00:21:48,560 Its message to the people - 207 00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:50,880 "We have power to finish you. 208 00:21:50,880 --> 00:21:54,840 "We have power, so be careful." 209 00:21:58,120 --> 00:21:59,920 But the attacks continued. 210 00:22:02,760 --> 00:22:06,840 That has set up a public image that the Muslims, 211 00:22:06,840 --> 00:22:08,880 most of them Uighurs, 212 00:22:08,880 --> 00:22:12,960 they are kind of becoming religious extremists, 213 00:22:12,960 --> 00:22:16,680 and who attack Han Chinese for whatever reason. 214 00:22:16,680 --> 00:22:19,720 If you're a Han Chinese person, 215 00:22:19,720 --> 00:22:22,280 and you see what's happening in Xinjiang, 216 00:22:22,280 --> 00:22:25,720 and you see people being killed out there on the basis of 217 00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:28,480 their ethnicity, which is your ethnicity, you will probably 218 00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:30,840 support the government if the government has some sort 219 00:22:30,840 --> 00:22:32,640 of a harsh crackdown on those people. 220 00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:41,240 We were trying to tell the rest of the world that the writing 221 00:22:41,240 --> 00:22:44,240 on the wall for Uighurs was not good, 222 00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:47,480 and, no, it didn't get nearly enough attention. 223 00:22:53,960 --> 00:22:59,040 In the West, President Xi was seen as a crucial partner for tackling 224 00:22:59,040 --> 00:23:03,560 some of the biggest issues of our time, such as climate change. 225 00:23:03,560 --> 00:23:06,960 China also had one of the fastest growing economies in the world. 226 00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:12,840 We want the UK to be China's best partner in the West, and we think 227 00:23:12,840 --> 00:23:17,320 there is an opportunity for a golden decade, where we work together 228 00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:19,880 to increase investment in each other's countries. 229 00:23:19,880 --> 00:23:21,600 SPEAKING IN OWN LANGUAGE 230 00:23:21,600 --> 00:23:24,840 The British government wanted to boost trade, 231 00:23:24,840 --> 00:23:28,920 but also hoped it could influence China on human rights. 232 00:23:28,920 --> 00:23:31,600 Are you going to say, "We're not going to have any relationship 233 00:23:31,600 --> 00:23:34,480 "with this country because we don't approve of its political system," 234 00:23:34,480 --> 00:23:38,120 or are you going to say, "These are a vital partner in the world 235 00:23:38,120 --> 00:23:41,160 "on a whole range of things, and it's better we engage with them 236 00:23:41,160 --> 00:23:42,960 "so that we can raise the concerns we have"? 237 00:23:45,200 --> 00:23:48,840 More trade, more collaborations between our businesses 238 00:23:48,840 --> 00:23:50,960 and scientists and researchers, 239 00:23:50,960 --> 00:23:54,120 more connections between the Chinese and the American people. 240 00:23:56,200 --> 00:23:58,360 The one thing that was always clear, 241 00:23:58,360 --> 00:24:01,200 talking with President Xi, 242 00:24:01,200 --> 00:24:04,320 is that when it came to human rights 243 00:24:04,320 --> 00:24:07,920 issues, when it came to problems with the Uighurs, 244 00:24:07,920 --> 00:24:09,760 this was nobody else's business. 245 00:24:11,160 --> 00:24:12,800 Nobody else's business. 246 00:24:20,320 --> 00:24:24,560 China's economic boom continued to transform people's lives. 247 00:24:26,200 --> 00:24:30,480 Hundreds of millions of people have been lifted out of poverty, 248 00:24:30,480 --> 00:24:34,960 and, more importantly, we've seen China create a huge middle class. 249 00:24:36,360 --> 00:24:38,200 And among that middle class, 250 00:24:38,200 --> 00:24:41,440 Xi's continuing campaign against corrupt officials 251 00:24:41,440 --> 00:24:43,040 remained hugely popular. 252 00:24:49,760 --> 00:24:54,040 I strongly support President Xi's anti-corruption campaign. 253 00:24:57,440 --> 00:25:02,960 My husband, Wilson Wang, was general manager of Wuhu Cigarette Factory. 254 00:25:04,600 --> 00:25:07,400 I met him when I was 16, 255 00:25:07,400 --> 00:25:09,880 and we fall in love with each other. 256 00:25:11,560 --> 00:25:15,360 In 2015, Jean, Wilson, and their daughter, Felicia, 257 00:25:15,360 --> 00:25:17,960 were enjoying the high life. 258 00:25:17,960 --> 00:25:19,800 We have a good job, 259 00:25:19,800 --> 00:25:22,160 we have a good career, 260 00:25:22,160 --> 00:25:25,520 and we enjoy all our life, 261 00:25:25,520 --> 00:25:28,400 until the things happen to him. 262 00:25:35,720 --> 00:25:42,080 I got a phone call from vice manager of Wuhu Cigarette Factory. 263 00:25:42,080 --> 00:25:46,440 She said my husband was being taken away. 264 00:25:47,840 --> 00:25:49,880 Wilson had been accused of bribery. 265 00:25:51,720 --> 00:25:53,760 He was about to enter the system 266 00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:56,080 at the heart of Xi's anti-corruption campaign. 267 00:25:58,120 --> 00:26:01,720 I thought my husband will come back on Saturday. 268 00:26:01,720 --> 00:26:04,320 Sunday morning, I start to worry about it. 269 00:26:06,840 --> 00:26:10,360 For three weeks, Jean waited for news. 270 00:26:10,360 --> 00:26:14,280 Then she got a call asking her to come to a nondescript office 271 00:26:14,280 --> 00:26:16,120 on the outskirts of the city. 272 00:26:16,120 --> 00:26:17,520 That's the place. 273 00:26:18,920 --> 00:26:21,840 This is the place, here. 274 00:26:21,840 --> 00:26:24,200 One guy came out. 275 00:26:24,200 --> 00:26:27,680 He's smiling, and he's very calm and friendly. 276 00:26:27,680 --> 00:26:31,800 They take me to the first room of the right hand, and then 277 00:26:31,800 --> 00:26:35,800 kind of like suddenly, their face totally changed, 278 00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:37,520 and he's yelling at me. 279 00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:41,880 He said, "You are the corruption guy's wife, 280 00:26:41,880 --> 00:26:44,720 "and you are the guilty person". 281 00:26:44,720 --> 00:26:48,360 And he smashed the table and he said, 282 00:26:48,360 --> 00:26:52,240 "Tell me what bad things you have done". 283 00:26:52,240 --> 00:26:56,080 I feel very scared, and I'm crying. 284 00:26:56,080 --> 00:27:00,600 "Write it down, your house, how many houses you have, 285 00:27:00,600 --> 00:27:03,040 "how much money you have in your bank account." 286 00:27:03,040 --> 00:27:06,720 And I was, like, leaning on the table and crying, 287 00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:08,200 and writing it down. 288 00:27:08,200 --> 00:27:12,240 He said, "Stay forwards! Straight, straight!" 289 00:27:12,240 --> 00:27:14,040 "Sit straight. Open your eyes." 290 00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:15,800 Smashing the table. 291 00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:23,280 I was there from nine in the morning till nine in the evening. 292 00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:28,400 Later on, I found out they taped a video of me, 293 00:27:28,400 --> 00:27:32,240 and played that video over and over to show Wilson, 294 00:27:32,240 --> 00:27:35,320 and Wilson truly believed I was being arrested. 295 00:27:37,160 --> 00:27:39,720 Wilson was being held in a special system 296 00:27:39,720 --> 00:27:43,000 for investigating Communist Party members. 297 00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:46,680 Shuanggui operates outside normal Chinese law, 298 00:27:46,680 --> 00:27:50,360 and since Xi launched his anti-corruption campaign, 299 00:27:50,360 --> 00:27:53,200 over half a million people had been put through it. 300 00:27:54,800 --> 00:27:57,080 We've documented within that system 301 00:27:57,080 --> 00:28:01,520 the arbitrary detention and torture of party members 302 00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:04,960 being physically ill-treated, being psychologically tortured. 303 00:28:04,960 --> 00:28:11,240 Shuanggui is, I think, a very powerful indicator of the impunity 304 00:28:11,240 --> 00:28:13,800 that the party gives itself... 305 00:28:13,800 --> 00:28:16,560 ..you know, to just sidestep 306 00:28:16,560 --> 00:28:18,760 the Chinese government's own legal system. 307 00:28:18,760 --> 00:28:23,160 I think the Shuanggui, of course, number one to make sure that 308 00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:25,480 this person is under investigation, 309 00:28:25,480 --> 00:28:30,160 but more importantly, to isolate him entirely from the outside world 310 00:28:30,160 --> 00:28:35,160 so the investigation can go thoroughly and we can expose, 311 00:28:35,160 --> 00:28:39,280 reveal the entirety of corruption by just now one person. 312 00:28:39,280 --> 00:28:43,880 If you do not isolate this person, then the entire group 313 00:28:43,880 --> 00:28:46,400 can work together to stonewall the investigation. 314 00:28:46,400 --> 00:28:48,240 You're going to end up a failure. 315 00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:50,920 The Chinese government says 316 00:28:50,920 --> 00:28:53,640 the anti-corruption campaign remains popular. 317 00:28:55,640 --> 00:28:59,000 He only had one or two hours a day to sleep. 318 00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:04,840 He was tortured very hard, and they beat him. 319 00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:08,440 Sometimes they turn off the power and beat him. 320 00:29:08,440 --> 00:29:13,000 Sometimes they put him to the washroom to beat him. 321 00:29:14,200 --> 00:29:17,080 And so he tried to bite this 322 00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:21,920 in order to commit suicide. 323 00:29:21,920 --> 00:29:25,600 They show Wilson my daughter's pictures. 324 00:29:25,600 --> 00:29:29,800 They said, you know, "If you do not say you are guilty, 325 00:29:29,800 --> 00:29:32,320 "the next step, we will arrest your daughter". 326 00:29:33,520 --> 00:29:37,440 He decided to cooperate with them, and so he said, 327 00:29:37,440 --> 00:29:39,000 "Whatever you want me to say, 328 00:29:39,000 --> 00:29:43,040 "I just follow you guys - whatever you want me to say". 329 00:29:45,720 --> 00:29:49,920 Jean blames Wilson's mistreatment on local party officials. 330 00:29:51,160 --> 00:29:55,680 In July 2015, he signed a confession saying he'd taken bribes 331 00:29:55,680 --> 00:29:58,320 worth more than £140,000. 332 00:30:02,200 --> 00:30:05,160 At his trial, he insisted he was innocent, 333 00:30:05,160 --> 00:30:08,080 but was sentenced to six years in prison. 334 00:30:12,160 --> 00:30:13,720 I did not cry. 335 00:30:14,680 --> 00:30:16,080 I feel painful. 336 00:30:17,400 --> 00:30:21,880 So I make my mind, I will try my best to save him. 337 00:30:28,160 --> 00:30:32,240 Jean began a campaign to prove his innocence. 338 00:30:32,240 --> 00:30:34,880 She was sent footage of a prosecutor's interview 339 00:30:34,880 --> 00:30:37,600 with one of the men who said he'd bribed Wilson. 340 00:30:46,360 --> 00:30:49,480 But her campaign has made little difference. 341 00:30:49,480 --> 00:30:51,720 Wilson remains in jail. 342 00:31:11,040 --> 00:31:14,240 President Xi's campaign was catching some of the most 343 00:31:14,240 --> 00:31:16,280 powerful officials in China. 344 00:31:17,360 --> 00:31:21,640 But, as more and more were jailed, some noticed a disturbing trend. 345 00:31:23,600 --> 00:31:26,600 The people who have gone down have been the ones 346 00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:32,960 that were opposed, or looked to have been opposing, Xi Jinping. 347 00:31:32,960 --> 00:31:36,280 That's a very clear pattern at the high levels. 348 00:31:37,880 --> 00:31:41,920 Xi Jinping has used the anti-corruption apparatus 349 00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:45,080 as a potent political weapon 350 00:31:45,080 --> 00:31:49,000 to eliminate his opponents, 351 00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:51,000 to intimidate his opponents. 352 00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:52,680 Others dispute that. 353 00:31:53,920 --> 00:31:58,520 Those who've been caught in the corruptions always want to say, 354 00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:02,200 you know, "This is politically oriented," but there are also cases 355 00:32:02,200 --> 00:32:05,920 that people who are perceived, who are seen as a lawyer 356 00:32:05,920 --> 00:32:10,120 for Xi Jinping, who are also prosecuted by corruption cases. 357 00:32:10,120 --> 00:32:14,760 This broad brush accusation does not help, in my view. 358 00:32:14,760 --> 00:32:20,520 The West often interprets it as a form of political purge, 359 00:32:20,520 --> 00:32:24,160 and this is just wrong. It's just not even factually true. 360 00:32:24,160 --> 00:32:27,640 There have been 1.8 million officials indicted, 361 00:32:27,640 --> 00:32:33,240 and many of them charged, so the highest level of officials 362 00:32:33,240 --> 00:32:40,360 that were charged clearly had serious major corruption scandals. 363 00:32:46,080 --> 00:32:49,360 President Xi was consolidating his power. 364 00:32:55,040 --> 00:32:57,000 He now looked stronger than ever. 365 00:33:11,240 --> 00:33:15,960 Xi Jinping was beginning to be known as the chairman of everything, 366 00:33:15,960 --> 00:33:18,600 because he was taking up leadership positions 367 00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:21,240 in many different key offices. 368 00:33:23,040 --> 00:33:26,280 Xi Jinping used some of the tactics 369 00:33:26,280 --> 00:33:29,360 that were practised under Mao Zedong. 370 00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:34,640 The most important part was the installation 371 00:33:34,640 --> 00:33:37,080 of a cult of personality. 372 00:33:37,080 --> 00:33:42,360 It is possible still for people to speak in private 373 00:33:42,360 --> 00:33:45,000 and say that, "I don't like Xi Jinping" 374 00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:49,080 If it's public and challenging or disrespecting Xi Jinping, 375 00:33:49,080 --> 00:33:50,680 then you will be in trouble. 376 00:33:53,960 --> 00:33:57,400 But there was one part of China where things were different. 377 00:34:00,440 --> 00:34:02,480 Hong Kong was one of the few places 378 00:34:02,480 --> 00:34:04,560 where there had been mass protests 379 00:34:04,560 --> 00:34:06,320 against Beijing's rule. 380 00:34:31,120 --> 00:34:34,360 Lam Wing-kee ran a book shop that specialised 381 00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:37,200 in books banned on the mainland. 382 00:34:37,200 --> 00:34:39,480 Books in particular about one man. 383 00:35:04,600 --> 00:35:08,480 The book shop was owned by a publisher called Gui Minhai. 384 00:35:10,160 --> 00:35:13,280 These are the last known images of him as a free man. 385 00:35:16,880 --> 00:35:19,960 In October 2015, he disappeared. 386 00:35:31,160 --> 00:35:35,920 Britain was targeting President Xi with a huge charm offensive. 387 00:35:35,920 --> 00:35:38,560 It wanted deeper trade ties with China. 388 00:35:41,400 --> 00:35:45,240 State visits are a moment to cement a relationship with a country. 389 00:35:47,480 --> 00:35:50,920 We wanted to make the Xi visit special, 390 00:35:50,920 --> 00:35:53,600 and the way to make it special was, 391 00:35:53,600 --> 00:35:57,440 not just to do the events at Buckingham Palace and all of that, 392 00:35:57,440 --> 00:36:01,160 but also try and show something of the country to him. 393 00:36:01,160 --> 00:36:04,320 I think the whole Chinese delegation, including the president, 394 00:36:04,320 --> 00:36:07,600 were really impressed that we had come up with something 395 00:36:07,600 --> 00:36:10,480 that was a bit more original. 396 00:36:10,480 --> 00:36:12,480 I think they came away with a strong impression 397 00:36:12,480 --> 00:36:14,920 that Britain wanted to make this relationship last. 398 00:36:28,960 --> 00:36:33,320 While Xi was in the UK, two more of Wing-kee's colleagues 399 00:36:33,320 --> 00:36:35,760 had disappeared in China. 400 00:36:35,760 --> 00:36:37,240 Wing-kee had no idea. 401 00:37:13,000 --> 00:37:15,440 He was taken to a detention centre. 402 00:37:43,880 --> 00:37:45,640 THEY CHANT 403 00:37:47,480 --> 00:37:50,760 When a fifth book-seller went missing in Hong Kong, 404 00:37:50,760 --> 00:37:53,200 thousands of people took to the streets, 405 00:37:53,200 --> 00:37:55,640 demanding to know where the missing men were. 406 00:37:58,960 --> 00:38:02,040 After five months in solitary confinement, 407 00:38:02,040 --> 00:38:05,400 Wing-kee was forced to confess to selling books illegally. 408 00:38:23,600 --> 00:38:27,360 The authorities secretly sent him back to Hong Kong on bail 409 00:38:27,360 --> 00:38:29,280 to collect his computer. 410 00:38:31,120 --> 00:38:34,280 He was ordered not to tell anyone what had happened to him, 411 00:38:34,280 --> 00:38:36,720 and to return to China the following day. 412 00:39:09,360 --> 00:39:11,640 AUDIO OF PROTESTS 413 00:39:42,320 --> 00:39:46,800 Now the world knew that China was behind the disappearances. 414 00:39:57,120 --> 00:40:00,840 Wing-kee's colleague Gui Minhai remains in detention. 415 00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:04,640 China says he violated Chinese law. 416 00:40:06,240 --> 00:40:08,200 His book shop is now closed. 417 00:40:31,640 --> 00:40:34,840 The book-sellers joined a growing list of groups locked up 418 00:40:34,840 --> 00:40:39,400 in Xi's China, including human rights lawyers, NGO leaders, 419 00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:41,000 and religious figures. 420 00:40:45,520 --> 00:40:47,960 APPLAUSE 421 00:40:47,960 --> 00:40:50,160 But there was little public discussion of this 422 00:40:50,160 --> 00:40:53,400 because the state media was now tightly controlled. 423 00:40:58,120 --> 00:41:02,040 SPEAKING IN OWN LANGUAGE 424 00:41:02,040 --> 00:41:04,160 ALL: Good morning, President Xi. 425 00:41:06,000 --> 00:41:11,000 The media was under control of party state even before Xi Jinping 426 00:41:11,000 --> 00:41:14,720 became leader, and Xi Jinping simply tightened up that control, 427 00:41:14,720 --> 00:41:16,760 and made it much more effective. 428 00:41:16,760 --> 00:41:23,880 Official media is filled with unending appeals to safeguard 429 00:41:23,880 --> 00:41:28,720 Jinping's authority, to support him, to rally behind him. 430 00:41:30,560 --> 00:41:34,440 The personality cult has already exceeded that 431 00:41:34,440 --> 00:41:38,440 for Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution. 432 00:41:38,440 --> 00:41:42,040 So we can say without doubt that Xi Jinping is a... 433 00:41:43,760 --> 00:41:47,120 ..dictator of the highest degree. 434 00:41:48,440 --> 00:41:51,720 I do not believe 435 00:41:51,720 --> 00:41:58,000 that they will have any realistic environment in which Xi Jinping 436 00:41:58,000 --> 00:42:01,040 can become a Mao Zedong-like dictator. 437 00:42:01,040 --> 00:42:03,400 We passed that period. 438 00:42:05,120 --> 00:42:08,560 But there was still one part of China where the president wanted 439 00:42:08,560 --> 00:42:10,520 to exert even more control. 440 00:42:17,840 --> 00:42:22,160 CARRIE GRACIE: Xinjiang - the front line in China's war on terror. 441 00:42:23,800 --> 00:42:26,320 They call it an all-out offensive, 442 00:42:26,320 --> 00:42:28,200 a new great wall of iron. 443 00:42:29,880 --> 00:42:33,160 Thousands of troops pledging to lay down their lives. 444 00:42:51,440 --> 00:42:55,080 I think it's absolutely accurate to describe Xinjiang in 2017 445 00:42:55,080 --> 00:42:56,920 as a police state. 446 00:42:56,920 --> 00:43:00,680 Uighurs were subjected to extraordinary surveillance 447 00:43:00,680 --> 00:43:02,440 and scrutiny. 448 00:43:02,440 --> 00:43:06,200 Much tougher restrictions on religion - 449 00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:08,680 where people could worship, how they could worship. 450 00:43:10,040 --> 00:43:15,080 China's intrusion into the lives of Uighurs appeared to know few bounds. 451 00:43:16,840 --> 00:43:20,240 Up to two million Han Chinese officers 452 00:43:20,240 --> 00:43:22,920 sent to the Uighur families. 453 00:43:24,320 --> 00:43:29,960 They're watching every step of the regular life. 454 00:43:29,960 --> 00:43:34,560 You sleep together, you eat together, you work together. 455 00:43:36,720 --> 00:43:40,880 Having party officials walk into your house, sleep in your beds, 456 00:43:40,880 --> 00:43:44,960 eat at your tables, take notes about everything you're doing... 457 00:43:44,960 --> 00:43:48,560 You know, it's a very effective way of intimidating people, 458 00:43:48,560 --> 00:43:52,400 and making them aware that their every move will be tracked. 459 00:43:52,400 --> 00:43:57,080 Anyone who travelled abroad now fell under suspicion, and risked arrest. 460 00:43:58,640 --> 00:44:01,920 But when Meripet's father fell ill in Turkey, 461 00:44:01,920 --> 00:44:04,120 she had to go and look after him. 462 00:44:04,120 --> 00:44:06,760 Her children didn't have passports, 463 00:44:06,760 --> 00:44:08,840 so they stayed behind with her mother-in-law. 464 00:44:38,920 --> 00:44:42,760 Meripet had left Xinjiang at the worst possible moment. 465 00:44:57,560 --> 00:45:00,800 She now faced a terrible choice - 466 00:45:00,800 --> 00:45:03,240 stay in Turkey without her children, 467 00:45:03,240 --> 00:45:05,480 or return home and risk arrest. 468 00:45:07,280 --> 00:45:09,720 For now, she decided to stay. 469 00:46:09,480 --> 00:46:13,720 Photos of the children were sent to Meripet in Turkey by a friend. 470 00:46:40,360 --> 00:46:44,400 By now, tens of thousands of people had been arrested, 471 00:46:44,400 --> 00:46:46,240 their children left with relatives. 472 00:46:49,680 --> 00:46:53,560 The authorities took advantage of this to round up more children. 473 00:46:55,600 --> 00:47:00,160 Any child not living with a parent was now meant to be 474 00:47:00,160 --> 00:47:03,080 put in an orphanage or in some kind of state-run institution 475 00:47:03,080 --> 00:47:06,600 so even if kids were living with aunts or uncles or grandparents 476 00:47:06,600 --> 00:47:09,680 who were perfectly happy to have them, it's now policy 477 00:47:09,680 --> 00:47:12,720 that they're meant to be institutionalised. 478 00:47:12,720 --> 00:47:16,520 It's a massive violation of international human rights law. 479 00:47:19,960 --> 00:47:24,400 Thousands of parents like Meripet are stranded in Turkey. 480 00:47:27,280 --> 00:47:29,720 No-one knows how many Uighur children 481 00:47:29,720 --> 00:47:32,120 have been put into orphanages, 482 00:47:32,120 --> 00:47:35,600 but evidence is emerging about how they are treated inside. 483 00:48:14,600 --> 00:48:17,880 It seems to me from everything that I've seen so far, 484 00:48:17,880 --> 00:48:20,680 as well as from the Chinese justifications for these actions, 485 00:48:20,680 --> 00:48:27,000 that right at the heart of it lies the notion that Islam 486 00:48:27,000 --> 00:48:31,840 as practised by the Uighur community for centuries is considered 487 00:48:31,840 --> 00:48:35,320 by Han Chinese authorities 488 00:48:35,320 --> 00:48:38,720 to be some form of security threat in itself. 489 00:48:38,720 --> 00:48:43,440 In other words, the aim is to eliminate 490 00:48:43,440 --> 00:48:48,560 the Uighur Muslim community as, if you like, a distinct 491 00:48:48,560 --> 00:48:52,800 and separate cultural religious identity. That is a gross affront 492 00:48:52,800 --> 00:48:56,760 on any view to the fundamental standards of international law. 493 00:48:58,480 --> 00:49:01,560 I don't think there's any question that there are crimes 494 00:49:01,560 --> 00:49:03,840 against humanity going on in China. 495 00:49:06,200 --> 00:49:10,640 I guess the real question is going to be whether the world 496 00:49:10,640 --> 00:49:12,680 ultimately holds China accountable. 497 00:49:17,360 --> 00:49:21,600 Censorship in Xinjiang was now incredibly tight. 498 00:49:21,600 --> 00:49:22,920 TAPPING ON GLASS 499 00:49:26,640 --> 00:49:30,920 But images from space revealed the authorities had built 500 00:49:30,920 --> 00:49:33,840 a vast network of what looked like prison camps. 501 00:49:36,000 --> 00:49:39,040 Some managed to snatch footage from inside. 502 00:49:55,240 --> 00:50:00,240 Sayragul Sauytbay was sent to work inside the detention system. 503 00:50:18,800 --> 00:50:23,800 She taught Chinese to the detainees as part of their re-education. 504 00:50:51,000 --> 00:50:53,640 MUSIC PLAYS LOUDLY 505 00:51:57,640 --> 00:52:01,280 Mihrigul Tursun, a mother with young children, 506 00:52:01,280 --> 00:52:04,760 claims she was tortured while in detention. 507 00:52:04,760 --> 00:52:08,680 She's one of a small but growing number of former detainees 508 00:52:08,680 --> 00:52:11,680 who have managed to leave China and claim they were mistreated. 509 00:52:41,720 --> 00:52:45,760 It's impossible for us to independently verify her story, 510 00:52:45,760 --> 00:52:51,080 but others have made similar claims, including Sayragul Sauytbay, 511 00:52:51,080 --> 00:52:54,960 who says she was told that women in her camp were given injections 512 00:52:54,960 --> 00:52:56,400 that had the same effect. 513 00:53:21,080 --> 00:53:25,320 One million people are estimated to be locked up in Xinjiang. 514 00:53:26,760 --> 00:53:28,840 For months, the Chinese government 515 00:53:28,840 --> 00:53:31,080 claimed that the camps did not exist. 516 00:53:32,080 --> 00:53:34,360 It eventually changed its story, 517 00:53:34,360 --> 00:53:37,960 and said they are vocational training institutions. 518 00:53:45,680 --> 00:53:47,920 The government allowed journalists 519 00:53:47,920 --> 00:53:51,240 to film what it claims goes on in the camps. 520 00:53:51,240 --> 00:53:53,800 DANCE MUSIC PLAYS 521 00:53:53,800 --> 00:53:57,840 Officials say that re-education is voluntary, and that there hasn't 522 00:53:57,840 --> 00:54:02,920 been a terrorist attack in Xinjiang for almost three years. 523 00:54:02,920 --> 00:54:05,040 # If you're happy and you know it, say, "Yes, sir" 524 00:54:05,040 --> 00:54:06,600 ALL: Yes, sir! 525 00:54:06,600 --> 00:54:09,120 # If you're happy and you know it, say, "Yes, sir" 526 00:54:09,120 --> 00:54:10,720 ALL: Yes, sir! 527 00:54:10,720 --> 00:54:14,120 # If you're happy and you know it, and you really want to show it 528 00:54:14,120 --> 00:54:16,880 # If you're happy and you know it, say, "Yes, sir" 529 00:54:16,880 --> 00:54:18,400 ALL: Yes, sir! 530 00:54:25,320 --> 00:54:28,960 Today, in China, Xi Jinping looks stronger than ever. 531 00:54:30,600 --> 00:54:34,840 The constitution has been changed so he can be president for life. 532 00:54:43,600 --> 00:54:45,440 On the world stage, 533 00:54:45,440 --> 00:54:49,240 only a handful of governments have spoken out about his country's 534 00:54:49,240 --> 00:54:54,360 record on human rights in Xinjiang and the rest of China. 535 00:54:54,360 --> 00:54:57,520 What the Chinese government is doing in Xinjiang is wrong, 536 00:54:57,520 --> 00:54:59,040 and is indefensible. 537 00:55:01,040 --> 00:55:05,720 It is something that should not be allowed to happen unchallenged 538 00:55:05,720 --> 00:55:07,200 in the 21st century. 539 00:55:07,200 --> 00:55:10,400 We do not accept that happening in any other country. 540 00:55:10,400 --> 00:55:14,000 Has anyone yet imposed a consequence on Beijing 541 00:55:14,000 --> 00:55:17,240 that would cause it to change gears? No. 542 00:55:17,240 --> 00:55:22,200 And that is a shocking failure on the part of governments of the UN... 543 00:55:22,200 --> 00:55:25,840 You know, any entity that says it cares about human rights. 544 00:55:25,840 --> 00:55:29,200 And I think it is a powerful and terrifying statement 545 00:55:29,200 --> 00:55:32,360 about China's power in the world today. 546 00:55:32,360 --> 00:55:36,000 Nice to see you. Very nice to see you. How are you? 547 00:55:36,000 --> 00:55:37,920 I'm good. Good. How was Tibet? 548 00:55:37,920 --> 00:55:39,840 INDISTINCT 549 00:55:39,840 --> 00:55:42,120 The British government continues 550 00:55:42,120 --> 00:55:44,840 to pursue deeper trade ties with China. 551 00:55:44,840 --> 00:55:49,040 When we look at what's happened to the Uighurs in Xinjiang, 552 00:55:49,040 --> 00:55:52,000 this is obviously completely against our values. 553 00:55:52,000 --> 00:55:57,120 We raise these issues with the Chinese government when we see them, 554 00:55:57,120 --> 00:56:02,200 and we also understand that if we talk too loudly 555 00:56:02,200 --> 00:56:05,880 and too publicly about our human rights concerns, we will just 556 00:56:05,880 --> 00:56:08,600 lose access to senior people in the Chinese government, 557 00:56:08,600 --> 00:56:11,360 and then we won't be able to do any good at all. 558 00:56:11,360 --> 00:56:14,280 I think very few countries have any leverage at all 559 00:56:14,280 --> 00:56:17,040 when it comes to what happens inside China. 560 00:56:17,040 --> 00:56:20,360 I think the Chinese government is absolutely clear that this is not 561 00:56:20,360 --> 00:56:23,360 a matter for outside countries, outside governments. 562 00:56:26,280 --> 00:56:30,240 The Chinese are not stupid about this. 563 00:56:30,240 --> 00:56:35,720 They basically have figured out that, because of their 564 00:56:35,720 --> 00:56:38,960 economic presence and their economic influence, 565 00:56:38,960 --> 00:56:43,640 that the rest of the world is now backing away from criticising them 566 00:56:43,640 --> 00:56:46,480 with regards to human rights. 567 00:56:46,480 --> 00:56:48,600 The greatest concern I have now 568 00:56:48,600 --> 00:56:52,840 is abdication from our responsibilities to speak out. 569 00:56:52,840 --> 00:56:54,680 If we don't speak out, 570 00:56:54,680 --> 00:56:59,240 if we don't condemn China for that kind of behaviour, 571 00:56:59,240 --> 00:57:01,160 nobody else will. 572 00:57:06,960 --> 00:57:09,640 The crackdown in Xinjiang goes on. 573 00:57:12,040 --> 00:57:16,360 Very often, one sees historically that it's only after the crisis 574 00:57:16,360 --> 00:57:20,880 is over that everybody in the international community 575 00:57:20,880 --> 00:57:23,720 is prepared to call a genocide out as what it is. 576 00:57:25,440 --> 00:57:27,480 There's a widely-held misunderstanding 577 00:57:27,480 --> 00:57:29,760 that genocide is a question of the scale 578 00:57:29,760 --> 00:57:31,800 of extermination of human beings. 579 00:57:31,800 --> 00:57:33,400 That's not so. 580 00:57:33,400 --> 00:57:36,120 The question is, is there an intention to, 581 00:57:36,120 --> 00:57:39,400 if you like, wipe off the face of the Earth 582 00:57:39,400 --> 00:57:42,960 a distinct group, a nation of people? 583 00:57:42,960 --> 00:57:46,440 This is a calculated social policy 584 00:57:46,440 --> 00:57:51,040 designed to eliminate the separate cultural, religious 585 00:57:51,040 --> 00:57:53,920 and ethnic identity of the Uighurs. 586 00:57:53,920 --> 00:57:55,400 That's a genocidal policy. 587 00:57:56,560 --> 00:58:01,440 The Chinese government told us it has taken necessary and justified 588 00:58:01,440 --> 00:58:04,280 counter-terrorism and de-radicalization measures 589 00:58:04,280 --> 00:58:06,320 in Xinjiang. 590 00:58:06,320 --> 00:58:10,920 These include setting up vocational education and training centres 591 00:58:10,920 --> 00:58:15,360 which it said are essentially boarding schools offering language, 592 00:58:15,360 --> 00:58:17,880 law, and professional skills courses. 593 00:58:19,640 --> 00:58:23,520 It said the rights of the trainees are protected by law. 594 00:58:23,520 --> 00:58:25,600 Ethnic customs and traditions 595 00:58:25,600 --> 00:58:28,920 and the right to use ethnic language are respected. 596 00:58:30,120 --> 00:58:32,120 Halal food is provided, 597 00:58:32,120 --> 00:58:35,160 and insults and cruelties are strictly prohibited. 598 00:58:36,760 --> 00:58:39,800 The government said that, if a couple are in one of the centres, 599 00:58:39,800 --> 00:58:42,400 it will care for their children, 600 00:58:42,400 --> 00:58:46,040 adding, "without timely intervention, those affected 601 00:58:46,040 --> 00:58:50,400 "by extremist ideas could spread the wrong thinking to their children." 602 00:58:51,840 --> 00:58:55,040 The government said China has made significant progress 603 00:58:55,040 --> 00:58:56,640 on human rights.