1 00:00:05,540 --> 00:00:06,740 Cities... 2 00:00:08,580 --> 00:00:11,420 ..the fastest growing habitat on the planet. 3 00:00:22,460 --> 00:00:25,220 A land of opportunity... 4 00:00:28,380 --> 00:00:32,100 ..for animals of all shapes and sizes. 5 00:00:37,260 --> 00:00:40,540 This unnatural world... CAR HORN BEEPS 6 00:00:40,540 --> 00:00:42,140 ..presents unique challenges. 7 00:00:45,900 --> 00:00:47,340 But for those able to adapt... 8 00:00:52,340 --> 00:00:55,900 ..and take advantage of the riches on offer... 9 00:01:05,420 --> 00:01:10,460 ..the urban jungle is quickly becoming the new wild. 10 00:01:32,180 --> 00:01:33,500 In the last 30 years, 11 00:01:33,500 --> 00:01:38,180 the world's urban areas have almost tripled in size, 12 00:01:38,180 --> 00:01:42,860 changing at a rate wildlife has never experienced before. 13 00:01:46,700 --> 00:01:51,380 Some animals have adapted to urban life with surprising ease 14 00:01:51,380 --> 00:01:52,900 and made cities their home. 15 00:01:55,940 --> 00:01:59,140 Others have found that keeping one foot in the wild, 16 00:01:59,140 --> 00:02:03,340 and commuting into town, they make the most of both worlds. 17 00:02:08,220 --> 00:02:09,620 But there is another group... 18 00:02:13,220 --> 00:02:15,340 ..with the most surprising stories of all. 19 00:02:20,220 --> 00:02:21,900 Animals that once lived 20 00:02:21,900 --> 00:02:24,220 where our cities are now built. 21 00:02:33,220 --> 00:02:37,020 Today, they find themselves fighting for their place in the land 22 00:02:37,020 --> 00:02:39,100 that once belonged to them. 23 00:02:46,780 --> 00:02:49,220 These are the wild outcasts. 24 00:03:14,420 --> 00:03:15,860 Costa Rica... 25 00:03:17,900 --> 00:03:20,620 ..a tropical tourist hotspot, 26 00:03:20,620 --> 00:03:23,780 famed for its incredible wildlife encounters. 27 00:03:27,460 --> 00:03:32,100 And this Pacific coastal town is home to some of the most 28 00:03:32,100 --> 00:03:33,900 intelligent monkeys in the world. 29 00:03:43,260 --> 00:03:45,180 are in a perilous position... 30 00:03:49,180 --> 00:03:53,420 ..struggling to adapt and fit into a changing world. 31 00:03:58,740 --> 00:04:02,580 White-faced capuchins have the largest brain-to-body ratio 32 00:04:02,580 --> 00:04:04,620 of any primate, other than us. 33 00:04:11,620 --> 00:04:15,540 And the wealth of tasty and exotic goodies tourists bring to the beach 34 00:04:15,540 --> 00:04:19,020 makes for hot property worth defending. 35 00:04:26,380 --> 00:04:31,100 Around 20-strong, this is an average sized troupe. 36 00:04:35,500 --> 00:04:39,140 And this grizzled alpha male is in charge. 37 00:04:42,820 --> 00:04:46,860 He lost an arm fighting to keep hold of this territory. 38 00:04:49,900 --> 00:04:53,340 Him and his troupe defend the tourist beach like they would 39 00:04:53,340 --> 00:04:54,820 a fruiting tree in the forest. 40 00:04:59,900 --> 00:05:04,500 They know there's more to be gained than a few measly leftovers. 41 00:05:07,380 --> 00:05:11,860 They've learnt to play the naive tourists to get their hands 42 00:05:11,860 --> 00:05:14,900 on a seemingly never ending supply of food... 43 00:05:18,140 --> 00:05:20,820 ..employing a variety of cunning tactics. 44 00:05:25,540 --> 00:05:27,460 There's the sweet and gentle... 45 00:05:29,780 --> 00:05:31,740 ..the butter wouldn't melt... 46 00:05:34,380 --> 00:05:36,100 ..and the cheeky chappie. 47 00:05:46,740 --> 00:05:48,740 But these aren't natural behaviours. 48 00:05:51,260 --> 00:05:54,340 These monkeys should have an innate fear of humans. 49 00:05:56,780 --> 00:05:59,780 But the alpha male has become so confident, 50 00:05:59,780 --> 00:06:01,580 he's happy to assert his dominance. 51 00:06:01,580 --> 00:06:04,500 CHILD CRIES 52 00:06:06,820 --> 00:06:09,460 And the more the capuchins expect food, 53 00:06:09,460 --> 00:06:12,020 the more aggressively they pursue it. 54 00:06:16,260 --> 00:06:19,620 By continuing to feed them, tourists are only fuelling 55 00:06:19,620 --> 00:06:21,500 this bad behaviour. 56 00:06:24,380 --> 00:06:28,060 It's even led to them developing a criminal streak. 57 00:06:31,540 --> 00:06:34,020 They wait patiently for people 58 00:06:34,020 --> 00:06:35,940 to leave their belongings on the beach... 59 00:06:41,340 --> 00:06:44,260 ..before moving in to steal any food. 60 00:06:47,740 --> 00:06:51,860 Capuchins are one of the only primates known to use tools. 61 00:06:54,460 --> 00:06:57,500 So, opening unattended luggage is no problem. 62 00:07:00,500 --> 00:07:03,380 But their delinquent behaviour and bullying tactics 63 00:07:03,380 --> 00:07:04,980 are making them unpopular. 64 00:07:08,260 --> 00:07:12,300 And right now, these capuchins face an uncertain future. 65 00:07:13,620 --> 00:07:18,700 They may be relocated or, worse still, euthanized, 66 00:07:18,700 --> 00:07:22,220 unless the tourists change their habits. 67 00:07:28,580 --> 00:07:32,060 Finding ways to protect wildlife from the problems we create 68 00:07:32,060 --> 00:07:34,580 is becoming increasingly important... 69 00:07:36,500 --> 00:07:38,700 ..because urban areas will only continue 70 00:07:38,700 --> 00:07:40,540 to swallow natural habitats. 71 00:07:52,740 --> 00:07:56,580 And cities support just 20% of the wildlife that lived 72 00:07:56,580 --> 00:07:59,020 on the land before they were built. 73 00:08:04,580 --> 00:08:06,940 It's never been more important 74 00:08:06,940 --> 00:08:10,460 to create space for nature in the urban world. 75 00:08:16,500 --> 00:08:19,500 If we don't, we risk losing it altogether. 76 00:08:23,620 --> 00:08:27,060 It's predicted that by the middle of the century, 77 00:08:27,060 --> 00:08:31,380 50% of the world's species will be in decline. 78 00:08:39,180 --> 00:08:43,900 And that's in part because more and more land is being cultivated 79 00:08:43,900 --> 00:08:46,540 to feed our ever-growing population. 80 00:08:54,180 --> 00:08:57,540 The scale of the problem couldn't be more obvious 81 00:08:57,540 --> 00:08:59,540 than in Sri Lanka... 82 00:09:02,620 --> 00:09:05,420 ..where forests are fast being replaced with crops... 83 00:09:07,700 --> 00:09:12,020 ..putting people in direct conflict with the largest land mammal of all, 84 00:09:12,020 --> 00:09:13,580 elephants. 85 00:09:21,700 --> 00:09:25,580 As their jungle disappears and is farmed to feed us, 86 00:09:25,580 --> 00:09:29,020 they've discovered it makes potentially easy pickings. 87 00:09:40,180 --> 00:09:44,020 Under the cover of darkness, more elephants head into town 88 00:09:44,020 --> 00:09:45,620 to try their luck. 89 00:09:49,140 --> 00:09:52,460 The local inhabitants guard their livelihood... 90 00:09:54,620 --> 00:09:58,260 ..armed with lights, firecrackers, and flares. 91 00:10:01,740 --> 00:10:03,900 It's a risky strategy for the elephants. 92 00:10:07,980 --> 00:10:09,940 But hunger drives them on. 93 00:10:16,500 --> 00:10:21,220 Each year, this conflict claims the lives of over 200 elephants 94 00:10:21,220 --> 00:10:23,220 and 80 people. 95 00:10:27,100 --> 00:10:29,540 The explosions across the region mark the start 96 00:10:29,540 --> 00:10:30,900 of the nightly battle. 97 00:10:33,820 --> 00:10:36,900 It's an outcast claim to lost lands 98 00:10:36,900 --> 00:10:40,100 versus a relentlessly expanding civilisation. 99 00:11:00,780 --> 00:11:02,220 The elephants retreat. 100 00:11:05,180 --> 00:11:08,740 But to grow up to three metres tall, and weigh five tonnes, 101 00:11:08,740 --> 00:11:12,380 they need to eat as much as 150 kilos a day. 102 00:11:15,020 --> 00:11:16,340 They will be back. 103 00:11:21,540 --> 00:11:25,220 With the encounters taking their toll on both sides, 104 00:11:25,220 --> 00:11:27,260 a ceasefire is well overdue. 105 00:11:31,820 --> 00:11:35,940 People here are developing ways to try and keep the peace. 106 00:11:38,860 --> 00:11:41,860 Farmers have found that planting a barrier of fruit trees 107 00:11:41,860 --> 00:11:44,060 around their crops helps... 108 00:11:45,940 --> 00:11:49,860 ..because elephants have the best sense of smell in the animal kingdom 109 00:11:49,860 --> 00:11:52,620 and find the smell of citrus repellent. 110 00:11:56,700 --> 00:12:01,180 The trees act as a sustainable buffer that encourages the elephants 111 00:12:01,180 --> 00:12:03,180 to feed back in the forest. 112 00:12:07,620 --> 00:12:11,900 Electric fences that surround some of the villages help too. 113 00:12:15,260 --> 00:12:18,780 But the elephant encounters that happen outside the fences 114 00:12:18,780 --> 00:12:20,460 are the most dangerous. 115 00:12:25,860 --> 00:12:28,820 And for some kids, this road through a notorious 116 00:12:28,820 --> 00:12:31,980 elephant corridor is the only way to school. 117 00:12:36,900 --> 00:12:39,700 It's a potentially deadly commute on foot. 118 00:12:44,580 --> 00:12:45,900 But the solution is simple. 119 00:12:48,700 --> 00:12:50,660 An elephant school bus. 120 00:12:54,180 --> 00:12:59,220 Each morning, the bus picks up kids from the surrounding area 121 00:12:59,660 --> 00:13:02,900 and drives them safely to school. 122 00:13:13,500 --> 00:13:16,980 A journey of fear is now a journey of wonder. 123 00:13:27,140 --> 00:13:30,140 Elephants don't perceive large vehicles as a threat 124 00:13:30,140 --> 00:13:32,900 in the same way they do a person on foot, 125 00:13:32,900 --> 00:13:34,980 making for a peaceful passage. 126 00:13:43,140 --> 00:13:47,380 These Sri Lankan communities are finding ways to live alongside 127 00:13:47,380 --> 00:13:48,900 the largest of animals. 128 00:13:57,980 --> 00:14:01,060 But across the world, elephants are losing their natural 129 00:14:01,060 --> 00:14:05,300 habitat and being targeted by poachers for their ivory. 130 00:14:08,540 --> 00:14:12,940 The global population has shrunk by a shocking 95% 131 00:14:12,940 --> 00:14:14,380 in the last century. 132 00:14:16,020 --> 00:14:19,340 It's a crisis desperately in need of solutions. 133 00:14:25,580 --> 00:14:27,940 Peaceful coexistence with large and dangerous 134 00:14:27,940 --> 00:14:30,740 animals is possible. 135 00:14:39,180 --> 00:14:44,260 All up the east coast of America, luxury developments are built 136 00:14:44,500 --> 00:14:46,460 on prime alligator habitat. 137 00:14:49,980 --> 00:14:51,580 Golf resorts. 138 00:14:58,300 --> 00:15:02,780 But at South Carolina's Kiawah Island, the water hazards, 139 00:15:02,780 --> 00:15:07,180 rough and rolling greens are a paradise for golfers 140 00:15:07,180 --> 00:15:09,060 and gators alike. 141 00:15:13,940 --> 00:15:17,380 That's because each species knows its place here. 142 00:15:20,140 --> 00:15:22,460 The ponds belong to the gators, 143 00:15:22,460 --> 00:15:25,700 and the fairways are reserved for the golfers. 144 00:15:28,780 --> 00:15:32,820 But each spring, as males compete for the best territory and the best 145 00:15:32,820 --> 00:15:35,540 females, the boundaries become blurred. 146 00:15:39,740 --> 00:15:42,460 This four-metre male guards his network 147 00:15:42,460 --> 00:15:44,020 of ponds and channels. 148 00:15:46,860 --> 00:15:49,980 And he protects his love interest too, 149 00:15:49,980 --> 00:15:52,300 whether she's interested or not. 150 00:15:54,860 --> 00:15:57,220 But there's no rush. 151 00:15:57,220 --> 00:16:01,460 New science shows that alligators can actually mate for life. 152 00:16:03,060 --> 00:16:07,020 HE CALLS 153 00:16:07,020 --> 00:16:11,980 He warns off the smaller males by broadcasting his dominance. 154 00:16:11,980 --> 00:16:14,700 An infrasonic, then, bellowing call... 155 00:16:14,700 --> 00:16:18,420 HE CALLS 156 00:16:18,420 --> 00:16:21,260 ..that can be heard from three miles away. 157 00:16:25,820 --> 00:16:29,460 HE CALLS 158 00:16:46,260 --> 00:16:49,700 Happy he won't be interrupted, he makes his move. 159 00:16:53,420 --> 00:16:55,260 But she needs some wooing. 160 00:17:00,380 --> 00:17:04,620 Turning on his charm, he rests his head on her back 161 00:17:04,620 --> 00:17:06,860 and blows her romantic bubbles. 162 00:17:14,260 --> 00:17:17,780 During a brief moment underwater, the pair mate. 163 00:17:27,780 --> 00:17:31,900 With the female spoken for, the battle-scarred youngsters walk 164 00:17:31,900 --> 00:17:34,900 the course in search of their own territory. 165 00:17:42,020 --> 00:17:44,420 But all the best spots are taken. 166 00:18:00,380 --> 00:18:04,340 Chasing and posturing is usually enough to end a dispute. 167 00:18:13,700 --> 00:18:17,260 With a bite three times more powerful than a lion, 168 00:18:17,260 --> 00:18:20,220 it's better to retreat than risk injury. 169 00:18:25,500 --> 00:18:28,100 Even though it's built on alligator territory, 170 00:18:28,100 --> 00:18:32,140 this high-end human playground provides for both people 171 00:18:32,140 --> 00:18:33,420 and wildlife. 172 00:18:40,940 --> 00:18:43,740 Striking the right balance with animals we naturally fear 173 00:18:43,740 --> 00:18:44,940 can be difficult. 174 00:18:48,020 --> 00:18:52,180 But cities will continue to attract uninvited wild guests. 175 00:18:55,740 --> 00:18:57,940 Because, sometimes, they offer them everything 176 00:18:57,940 --> 00:18:59,580 they need to survive. 177 00:19:02,260 --> 00:19:04,700 And those animals small enough to take advantage 178 00:19:04,700 --> 00:19:08,100 of these opportunities unnoticed can make it big. 179 00:19:16,060 --> 00:19:21,140 Once a tiny desert resort, this twinkling North American city 180 00:19:27,460 --> 00:19:31,060 Almost everything has been brought here by humans. 181 00:19:35,380 --> 00:19:39,220 Hidden in plain sight, one small but deadly 182 00:19:39,220 --> 00:19:42,900 arachnid is thriving in the shiny new desert oasis. 183 00:19:45,020 --> 00:19:46,380 The bark scorpion. 184 00:19:56,260 --> 00:19:59,220 They might be just a few centimetres long, 185 00:19:59,220 --> 00:20:03,380 but they are the most venomous scorpions in North America. 186 00:20:12,980 --> 00:20:16,780 And despite the city being built on their land, 187 00:20:16,780 --> 00:20:18,380 they have flourished. 188 00:20:23,100 --> 00:20:26,700 In summer, when males hunt for a partner, 189 00:20:26,700 --> 00:20:29,180 action on the Strip gets pretty hot. 190 00:20:34,060 --> 00:20:38,540 Bark scorpions have 12 eyes, but their vision is poor. 191 00:20:38,540 --> 00:20:42,020 They can only see shades of light and dark. 192 00:20:42,020 --> 00:20:45,260 So, males follow the scent of a potential mate, using 193 00:20:45,260 --> 00:20:49,380 specialised sensory organs on their belly called pectines. 194 00:20:54,180 --> 00:20:57,020 But finding her is only half the battle. 195 00:21:11,260 --> 00:21:15,540 Locking pincers, she tests his strength and suitability 196 00:21:15,540 --> 00:21:16,900 as a father. 197 00:21:21,540 --> 00:21:23,980 He needs to be careful. 198 00:21:23,980 --> 00:21:27,220 One false move and she'll have him for dinner. 199 00:21:32,180 --> 00:21:35,620 She will carry her fertilised eggs for up to a year. 200 00:21:35,620 --> 00:21:38,860 And if times get hard, she'll reabsorb them. 201 00:21:41,100 --> 00:21:44,220 But in this city of excess, that's unlikely. 202 00:21:53,900 --> 00:21:58,500 Bark scorpions feed on insects like cockroaches and crickets, 203 00:21:58,500 --> 00:22:01,340 providing a useful pest control service. 204 00:22:17,460 --> 00:22:21,020 She stuns her captive with a potent neurotoxin... 205 00:22:23,020 --> 00:22:27,380 ..and dissolves parts of the body with enzymes before eating it. 206 00:22:32,700 --> 00:22:37,660 When she's ready, she gives birth to up to 30 helpless young, 207 00:22:37,660 --> 00:22:41,500 that she will carry on her back until they are old enough 208 00:22:41,500 --> 00:22:43,260 to survive on their own. 209 00:22:49,300 --> 00:22:54,180 In her six-year life span, she can produce 150 babies, 210 00:22:55,220 --> 00:22:57,060 fuelling a population boom. 211 00:23:01,020 --> 00:23:05,980 As one of the only life forms able to survive at nuclear test sites, 212 00:23:06,300 --> 00:23:09,420 scorpions may not be too welcome, but it looks like they are 213 00:23:09,420 --> 00:23:10,860 here to stay. 214 00:23:21,860 --> 00:23:26,100 Because cities can offer food, shelter, and somewhere 215 00:23:26,100 --> 00:23:28,140 to raise a family, 216 00:23:28,140 --> 00:23:31,420 the most tenacious wild animals will find a way to live 217 00:23:31,420 --> 00:23:33,780 between the cracks of the urban world, 218 00:23:33,780 --> 00:23:36,180 no matter what we throw at them. 219 00:23:46,660 --> 00:23:49,700 One notorious outcast has been so successful 220 00:23:49,700 --> 00:23:53,740 at avoiding our attempts to eradicate it, that it's now common 221 00:23:53,740 --> 00:23:56,980 in nearly every human settlement in the world. 222 00:23:58,500 --> 00:24:00,220 The brown rat. 223 00:24:03,260 --> 00:24:06,740 In fact, city living suits them so well, 224 00:24:06,740 --> 00:24:09,340 they are now only found alongside us. 225 00:24:11,780 --> 00:24:14,060 15 million live in the UK alone. 226 00:24:16,700 --> 00:24:20,980 And like the scorpions in Vegas, their extraordinary ability 227 00:24:20,980 --> 00:24:24,140 to reproduce is the secret to their success. 228 00:24:29,380 --> 00:24:33,540 By filming under controlled conditions, we can reveal why. 229 00:24:39,060 --> 00:24:44,100 Safe in their nest, this litter is just ten days old, 230 00:24:44,460 --> 00:24:46,500 and about to open their eyes. 231 00:24:49,820 --> 00:24:53,260 And in less than two months' time, the young females will be able 232 00:24:53,260 --> 00:24:55,260 to have babies of their own... 233 00:24:56,500 --> 00:24:58,940 and from then on, could have a litter of 11 234 00:24:58,940 --> 00:25:01,460 every three weeks. 235 00:25:01,460 --> 00:25:04,460 That's up to 3,000 descendants a year. 236 00:25:11,340 --> 00:25:14,780 They explore the world around them with a nose that will eventually 237 00:25:14,780 --> 00:25:17,020 be more sensitive than a bloodhound's. 238 00:25:22,940 --> 00:25:27,340 For now, Mum wants to keep them safe. 239 00:25:34,260 --> 00:25:38,300 But just a few weeks later, the young females are ready to leave 240 00:25:38,300 --> 00:25:40,260 and start their own family. 241 00:25:45,260 --> 00:25:46,860 It's a dangerous time. 242 00:25:48,100 --> 00:25:52,500 More than 50% of rats die within ten days of leaving the nest. 243 00:25:53,660 --> 00:25:57,220 So, they are naturally wary of anything unfamiliar. 244 00:26:04,340 --> 00:26:06,740 But few things stand in their way. 245 00:26:08,780 --> 00:26:12,660 They can squeeze through a gap a quarter of their size. 246 00:26:16,060 --> 00:26:20,780 Cavity walls in modern buildings provide perfect hidden highways. 247 00:26:22,540 --> 00:26:27,580 With flexible feet and fine claws, rats can climb around inside them, 248 00:26:28,500 --> 00:26:30,180 even when upside down. 249 00:26:39,740 --> 00:26:43,100 The outside world presents different challenges. 250 00:26:45,380 --> 00:26:48,260 But it's rats' innate skills that have made them such 251 00:26:48,260 --> 00:26:50,020 an urban success story. 252 00:26:55,100 --> 00:26:58,340 As they find their way around, rats make a mental map 253 00:26:58,340 --> 00:26:59,780 of new surroundings. 254 00:27:07,540 --> 00:27:12,060 And with soft pads on their feet, can grip even smooth surfaces. 255 00:27:15,780 --> 00:27:19,780 They are one of the few mammals, other than us, able to plan complex 256 00:27:19,780 --> 00:27:21,500 routes to reach a goal. 257 00:27:25,580 --> 00:27:28,340 DOG BARKS 258 00:27:28,340 --> 00:27:32,500 Expert tightrope walkers, rats use their flexible tails 259 00:27:32,500 --> 00:27:33,940 as a counterbalance. 260 00:27:41,860 --> 00:27:46,020 And, when needed, to give them control on tricky descents. 261 00:28:00,700 --> 00:28:03,580 With powerful back legs, rats can leap 262 00:28:03,580 --> 00:28:04,900 more than a metre. 263 00:28:15,380 --> 00:28:18,220 At the merest hint of us, they flee. 264 00:28:23,700 --> 00:28:26,700 Supple and strong, they can survive a fall 265 00:28:26,700 --> 00:28:28,140 of over two metres. 266 00:28:34,740 --> 00:28:38,180 In the shadows, rats have all the skills they need to ensure 267 00:28:38,180 --> 00:28:40,300 the survival of their species... 268 00:28:47,340 --> 00:28:50,500 ..right under the nose of their age-old enemy. 269 00:29:02,380 --> 00:29:05,740 However, life in the city can be more accommodating 270 00:29:05,740 --> 00:29:08,540 for outcasts with a better public image. 271 00:29:12,780 --> 00:29:16,580 Built on prime marshlands, the capital of the Netherlands 272 00:29:16,580 --> 00:29:20,060 is synonymous with a bird that lived in these waterways long 273 00:29:20,060 --> 00:29:21,940 before the city was built... 274 00:29:23,420 --> 00:29:24,620 ..the grey heron. 275 00:29:28,500 --> 00:29:32,020 They've managed to survive here, feeding on their natural diet 276 00:29:32,020 --> 00:29:33,820 of fish and frogs. 277 00:29:39,780 --> 00:29:42,980 But in extra cold winters, the city's hundred miles 278 00:29:42,980 --> 00:29:47,460 of waterways can freeze solid, locking their food out of reach. 279 00:29:54,820 --> 00:29:58,540 Some have learnt that if they get their timing right, 280 00:29:58,540 --> 00:30:02,020 there are still places in town to get a good meal. 281 00:30:06,700 --> 00:30:11,340 They head to the fish market, just before it closes at 5pm. 282 00:30:14,180 --> 00:30:15,580 And they wait. 283 00:30:24,140 --> 00:30:27,180 The bold come down, hawking for scraps, 284 00:30:27,180 --> 00:30:29,620 even before the market goers have left. 285 00:30:32,060 --> 00:30:34,780 But there are slim pickings this early. 286 00:30:42,740 --> 00:30:46,460 As darkness descends, so do the rest of the herons. 287 00:31:08,020 --> 00:31:11,020 Dancing between the trolleys and vans, they fight 288 00:31:11,020 --> 00:31:12,300 for the leftovers. 289 00:31:19,460 --> 00:31:22,860 Feeding after dark is highly unusual behaviour. 290 00:31:22,860 --> 00:31:27,500 Herons are hard-wired to roost at night to avoid predators. 291 00:31:30,180 --> 00:31:33,620 But the fish market provides them a vital lifeline 292 00:31:33,620 --> 00:31:35,420 in the long, cold winters. 293 00:31:40,100 --> 00:31:43,900 It's a race to clear up as fast as possible, 294 00:31:43,900 --> 00:31:47,900 head-to-head with their garbage guzzling inner-city rival. 295 00:31:59,220 --> 00:32:03,460 By adapting to the changing urban world, the herons have secured 296 00:32:03,460 --> 00:32:05,660 a future in the heart of town. 297 00:32:13,900 --> 00:32:16,900 And because they are established in the city, 298 00:32:16,900 --> 00:32:20,140 some have even formed remarkable relationships. 299 00:32:22,980 --> 00:32:26,420 In a sleepy suburb, one lucky heron has been welcomed 300 00:32:26,420 --> 00:32:27,420 with open arms. 301 00:32:29,300 --> 00:32:34,300 Diny Dieperink is preparing breakfast for her good friend, Kiri. 302 00:32:55,860 --> 00:32:57,380 Kiri! 303 00:33:02,140 --> 00:33:04,020 Kiri! 304 00:33:08,220 --> 00:33:09,700 Kiri! 305 00:34:15,900 --> 00:34:17,500 It's beautiful. It's beautiful. 306 00:34:35,420 --> 00:34:39,460 The respectful bond between Diny and Kiri has mutual benefits. 307 00:34:43,060 --> 00:34:45,780 It's a winning strategy that's proving successful 308 00:34:45,780 --> 00:34:47,300 on a far larger scale, 309 00:34:48,500 --> 00:34:51,620 helping to bring one of Florida's state mascots back 310 00:34:51,620 --> 00:34:53,660 from the brink of extinction. 311 00:35:03,460 --> 00:35:06,300 The town of Crystal River is famous for its glass-like, 312 00:35:06,300 --> 00:35:10,420 spring-fed rivers that originate in the heart of the town. 313 00:35:15,700 --> 00:35:20,100 But the biggest tourist attraction here, by far, 314 00:35:20,100 --> 00:35:21,300 are its manatees. 315 00:35:26,820 --> 00:35:30,900 Growing to four metres, and weighing a tonne and a half, 316 00:35:30,900 --> 00:35:34,700 these huge vegetarians are also known as sea cows. 317 00:35:39,820 --> 00:35:42,100 Despite their size, they don't have much 318 00:35:42,100 --> 00:35:43,460 insulating body fat. 319 00:35:45,500 --> 00:35:50,180 When the sea temperature drops, they can die from cold stress, 320 00:35:50,180 --> 00:35:52,580 a condition similar to frostbite. 321 00:35:55,540 --> 00:36:00,500 So, in winter they head into town, where a warm welcome awaits. 322 00:36:07,860 --> 00:36:10,900 Calves rely on their mothers until they are two years old 323 00:36:10,900 --> 00:36:13,620 and make the journey side by side. 324 00:36:17,380 --> 00:36:20,100 Swimming an average of 5mph, 325 00:36:20,100 --> 00:36:24,140 they cruise past waterfront condos and jetties on the way. 326 00:36:30,940 --> 00:36:34,620 And when hungry, calves suckle from teats 327 00:36:34,620 --> 00:36:36,500 under mum's front flippers. 328 00:36:40,740 --> 00:36:45,380 Every three to five minutes, they come to the surface to breathe. 329 00:36:54,900 --> 00:36:59,380 When they reach Crystal River's springs, they can relax. 330 00:37:04,300 --> 00:37:09,380 Here, 45 million litres of water pour out of the ground each day 331 00:37:09,580 --> 00:37:11,380 at a constant 22 degrees... 332 00:37:13,060 --> 00:37:17,100 ..the perfect temperature for manatees to avoid cold stress. 333 00:37:25,020 --> 00:37:28,060 In the warmth of the spring, mum and baby can slow 334 00:37:28,060 --> 00:37:29,580 down and save energy. 335 00:37:32,780 --> 00:37:37,020 When it's really cold, over 500 manatees pack themselves 336 00:37:37,020 --> 00:37:38,740 into the toasty springs. 337 00:37:40,060 --> 00:37:43,100 That's almost 5% of the world's population. 338 00:37:47,980 --> 00:37:51,300 But 30 years ago, the story was very different. 339 00:37:54,740 --> 00:37:57,780 Pollution and severe injuries from boat traffic 340 00:37:57,780 --> 00:38:01,420 meant their population all but collapsed, 341 00:38:01,420 --> 00:38:06,220 prompting a large-scale community initiative to protect them. 342 00:38:12,580 --> 00:38:17,620 Today, over 100 volunteer guardians keep a watchful eye 343 00:38:17,660 --> 00:38:18,900 over the manatees. 344 00:38:27,180 --> 00:38:30,100 Strict speed limits control boat traffic. 345 00:38:31,860 --> 00:38:36,300 And visitors are educated on how to behave around the manatees. 346 00:38:39,580 --> 00:38:42,700 What we normally do is get up, maybe three to six feet away 347 00:38:42,700 --> 00:38:44,580 from them, then we stop. 348 00:38:44,580 --> 00:38:47,620 Here's where we passively observe them. 349 00:38:47,620 --> 00:38:49,900 When in doubt, just remember to float. 350 00:38:49,900 --> 00:38:51,420 It'll be perfectly OK. 351 00:38:54,820 --> 00:38:57,940 The scheme has been an overwhelming success. 352 00:39:06,380 --> 00:39:09,820 Manatee tourism attracts up to 250,000 tourists a year... 353 00:39:12,100 --> 00:39:14,700 ..generating an income of more than $30 million. 354 00:39:18,380 --> 00:39:22,820 And in 2017, manatees were taken off the endangered species list. 355 00:39:34,620 --> 00:39:37,220 It's no secret that we need to protect nature. 356 00:39:39,660 --> 00:39:43,380 Only now are we starting to realise that our towns and cities 357 00:39:43,380 --> 00:39:45,420 have a role to play in this. 358 00:39:48,060 --> 00:39:52,660 What's perhaps most surprising is that it can be a two-way street. 359 00:39:56,060 --> 00:39:59,100 In south-east Asia, one of the fastest birds 360 00:39:59,100 --> 00:40:02,100 in the world has developed such a productive relationship 361 00:40:02,100 --> 00:40:06,540 with people, they have had whole cities purpose-built for them. 362 00:40:10,780 --> 00:40:15,420 Swiftlets are traditionally found within deep cave systems, 363 00:40:15,420 --> 00:40:18,660 but have been invited into people's homes 364 00:40:18,660 --> 00:40:20,700 and specially-built swiftlet hotels. 365 00:40:33,540 --> 00:40:38,500 This male is building his nest, using extra thick and sticky saliva, 366 00:40:39,220 --> 00:40:41,820 produced in a gland under his tongue. 367 00:40:43,700 --> 00:40:47,900 Over 40 days, he adds layer upon layer, until his tiny 368 00:40:47,900 --> 00:40:49,780 cup-shaped nest is finished. 369 00:40:51,620 --> 00:40:55,860 Pairs have up to three clutches of one to two chicks a year. 370 00:40:59,260 --> 00:41:01,980 Once they've fledged, the hotel owners move 371 00:41:01,980 --> 00:41:03,780 in and harvest the nest. 372 00:41:04,820 --> 00:41:08,460 The main ingredient in a traditional delicacy, 373 00:41:08,460 --> 00:41:10,060 bird's nest soup. 374 00:41:20,460 --> 00:41:23,620 The birds are doing so well, they may soon be classified 375 00:41:23,620 --> 00:41:27,620 as an entirely new subspecies, the house swiftlet, 376 00:41:27,620 --> 00:41:30,420 evolved to live within our four walls. 377 00:41:32,860 --> 00:41:34,700 Everyone wins. 378 00:41:34,700 --> 00:41:38,060 They are guaranteed shelter and safety, 379 00:41:38,060 --> 00:41:41,780 and the farmers get $2,000 a kilo for their nest... 380 00:41:43,980 --> 00:41:47,340 ..completely changing the lives of people here, like Dawud. 381 00:42:17,780 --> 00:42:21,180 The more we learn, it becomes clear that when managed 382 00:42:21,180 --> 00:42:25,380 in the right way, having wild neighbours can help ensure a secure 383 00:42:25,380 --> 00:42:27,420 future for both of us. 384 00:42:38,940 --> 00:42:43,300 And nowhere is this more evident than on San Clemente Island... 385 00:42:50,060 --> 00:42:54,020 ..where a wild guardian angel gives the US military 386 00:42:54,020 --> 00:42:56,020 unexpected protection. 387 00:42:57,940 --> 00:42:59,300 Face... 388 00:43:00,420 --> 00:43:04,420 The tiny speck in the Pacific Ocean is just four miles wide 389 00:43:04,420 --> 00:43:06,020 and 21 miles long. 390 00:43:07,900 --> 00:43:11,700 And a highly sensitive US naval warfare facility. 391 00:43:15,860 --> 00:43:19,260 It's the only place in the world the US Navy are authorised 392 00:43:19,260 --> 00:43:21,900 to practise sea to land bombardment. 393 00:43:25,780 --> 00:43:29,780 And they aren't the only deadly force here. 394 00:43:29,780 --> 00:43:33,060 A little-known predator is watching their every move. 395 00:43:37,980 --> 00:43:42,100 The San Clemente fox is the island's largest carnivore. 396 00:43:44,300 --> 00:43:48,500 But at the size of a domestic cat, it's one of the smallest canine 397 00:43:48,500 --> 00:43:50,140 species in the world. 398 00:43:57,260 --> 00:44:01,300 With endless drills and exercises, the barren south end 399 00:44:01,300 --> 00:44:03,740 of the island is inhospitable. 400 00:44:08,460 --> 00:44:12,660 But these foxes thrive in the north, 401 00:44:12,660 --> 00:44:15,900 living in the Navy's town, 402 00:44:15,900 --> 00:44:17,940 amongst its personnel 403 00:44:17,940 --> 00:44:20,820 and close to the airstrip. 404 00:44:23,900 --> 00:44:27,100 It's the nearest thing to hustle and bustle in this corner 405 00:44:27,100 --> 00:44:28,700 of the Pacific. 406 00:44:36,580 --> 00:44:41,300 This vixen has a den full of cubs, right by the busy port. 407 00:44:49,700 --> 00:44:53,100 It's the perfect spot for her to raise a family... 408 00:44:55,780 --> 00:45:00,420 ..because foxes have access all areas, to the highest security base. 409 00:45:06,780 --> 00:45:08,340 But she has her work cut out. 410 00:45:10,380 --> 00:45:13,260 Normally, foxes have just two cubs a year. 411 00:45:15,220 --> 00:45:16,740 This vixen has three. 412 00:45:20,540 --> 00:45:22,940 The cubs will learn everything they need to survive 413 00:45:22,940 --> 00:45:24,420 here from their mum. 414 00:45:26,500 --> 00:45:29,860 She's teaching them to eat a wide range of foods, 415 00:45:29,860 --> 00:45:34,300 from lizards and small mammals to insects and even birds' eggs. 416 00:45:42,420 --> 00:45:46,340 Climbing trees doesn't come easy to a five-week-old cub. 417 00:45:49,780 --> 00:45:51,820 But the rewards are worth it. 418 00:45:56,300 --> 00:46:01,380 San Clemente foxes don't exist anywhere else in the world. 419 00:46:01,380 --> 00:46:06,060 And 15 years ago, the species was listed as critically endangered. 420 00:46:09,060 --> 00:46:13,020 The Navy were warned that if the fox numbers dropped any further, 421 00:46:13,020 --> 00:46:17,860 they'd been evicted from the island to allow them to recover. 422 00:46:17,860 --> 00:46:21,100 So the military now invest $7 million a year 423 00:46:21,100 --> 00:46:24,340 into the protection of the island's wildlife. 424 00:46:33,700 --> 00:46:37,540 They have even put in place a team of scientists that run a fox 425 00:46:37,540 --> 00:46:41,580 awareness program to track and monitor the population. 426 00:46:51,980 --> 00:46:55,620 Today, the foxes are no longer considered endangered. 427 00:47:00,620 --> 00:47:03,020 And the Navy are now not just looking out for them 428 00:47:03,020 --> 00:47:06,180 because they have to - there's real affection 429 00:47:06,180 --> 00:47:08,580 here for these tiny predators. 430 00:47:12,660 --> 00:47:16,780 The foxes bring out a warm and caring side of the military. 431 00:47:17,980 --> 00:47:21,580 Protecting their population safeguards the Navy's presence 432 00:47:21,580 --> 00:47:22,980 on the island, too. 433 00:47:33,700 --> 00:47:38,220 Like the foxes, some wildlife has been able to survive, 434 00:47:38,220 --> 00:47:40,620 even thrive, alongside us... 435 00:47:43,540 --> 00:47:47,380 ..making the most of the opportunities our world offers. 436 00:47:48,420 --> 00:47:52,100 As wild residents...and commuters. 437 00:47:58,380 --> 00:48:01,580 But as urban areas expand... 438 00:48:03,660 --> 00:48:05,100 ..more and more wildlife 439 00:48:05,100 --> 00:48:08,300 will need our help if it's to have a future. 440 00:48:15,300 --> 00:48:18,860 And where we have given it a chance, there is hope. 441 00:48:27,900 --> 00:48:31,060 Half a century ago, New York had some of the most 442 00:48:31,060 --> 00:48:33,420 polluted waterways in the world. 443 00:48:35,580 --> 00:48:39,580 But efforts to clean them up have paid dividends. 444 00:48:42,980 --> 00:48:47,580 And recently, scientists like Howard Rosenbaum have witnessed 445 00:48:47,580 --> 00:48:48,980 an amazing recovery. 446 00:48:50,980 --> 00:48:54,940 Right here in New York, we're seeing the benefits of five 447 00:48:54,940 --> 00:48:58,900 decades of protection, and we're seeing the fish stocks 448 00:48:58,900 --> 00:49:02,140 recover from depleted numbers. 449 00:49:05,220 --> 00:49:08,700 Waders and fishing birds are flourishing in what had become 450 00:49:08,700 --> 00:49:10,460 empty marshlands. 451 00:49:12,780 --> 00:49:15,300 Pods of dolphins, hundreds strong, 452 00:49:15,300 --> 00:49:17,980 can now be found in sight of the city. 453 00:49:20,660 --> 00:49:24,500 But the biggest surprise is the return of one 454 00:49:24,500 --> 00:49:26,380 of the Atlantic's giants... 455 00:49:30,980 --> 00:49:32,620 ..the humpback whale. 456 00:49:42,180 --> 00:49:44,980 For quite some time, it was considered probably 457 00:49:44,980 --> 00:49:46,940 the sighting of a lifetime. 458 00:49:49,500 --> 00:49:53,340 I mean, just to think about the fact that you can be strolling 459 00:49:53,340 --> 00:49:55,740 on the beach and see a humpback. 460 00:50:05,460 --> 00:50:07,580 People are not used to having humpbacks 461 00:50:07,580 --> 00:50:09,140 in and around New York. 462 00:50:15,900 --> 00:50:20,260 The fish they prey on is now so abundant that New York's coast 463 00:50:20,260 --> 00:50:23,980 has become a perfect summer stopover for the whales. 464 00:50:27,100 --> 00:50:31,540 We see healthy animals foraging here, feeding right close 465 00:50:31,540 --> 00:50:34,460 to our shores. I mean, it's phenomenal. 466 00:50:38,820 --> 00:50:41,460 We are at a critical point in history. 467 00:50:45,660 --> 00:50:49,620 Our relationship with the planet is increasingly fragile. 468 00:50:51,580 --> 00:50:54,660 We're consuming more than we ever have done. 469 00:50:56,300 --> 00:50:59,700 And while our population is booming, 470 00:50:59,700 --> 00:51:02,660 it's estimated we've last half 471 00:51:02,660 --> 00:51:06,020 of the world's wildlife in just 40 years. 472 00:51:09,940 --> 00:51:13,260 But in our cities, the newest and fastest growing 473 00:51:13,260 --> 00:51:15,540 habitat on Earth... 474 00:51:17,820 --> 00:51:19,460 ..we can make a difference... 475 00:51:21,100 --> 00:51:26,140 ..by simply giving nature the space and resources it needs. 476 00:51:28,460 --> 00:51:31,900 Even for the biggest and most surprising of animals, 477 00:51:31,900 --> 00:51:35,300 the urban jungle CAN be a place of opportunity. 478 00:51:42,740 --> 00:51:46,780 So, what happens next is up to us. 479 00:52:07,020 --> 00:52:10,420 As we've discovered in this series, if you give animals a chance 480 00:52:10,420 --> 00:52:12,420 in cities, they can thrive. 481 00:52:18,420 --> 00:52:21,260 And that having a close relationship with nature 482 00:52:21,260 --> 00:52:23,020 is often hugely rewarding. 483 00:52:24,500 --> 00:52:27,940 I think we're hard-wired to appreciate nature and appreciate 484 00:52:27,940 --> 00:52:31,420 animals, so even on a Navy range, the fact that people 485 00:52:31,420 --> 00:52:35,820 can occasionally see wildlife really seems to make people happy. 486 00:52:37,060 --> 00:52:40,340 Research is now proving that exposure to the natural world 487 00:52:40,340 --> 00:52:44,140 has profound positive effects on our mental wellbeing. 488 00:52:53,700 --> 00:52:56,020 of anxiety and mood disorders. 489 00:52:57,820 --> 00:53:02,060 Keeping in touch with nature has been shown to counter this. 490 00:53:09,060 --> 00:53:12,180 The natural world stimulates parts of the brain associated 491 00:53:12,180 --> 00:53:13,820 with love and empathy... 492 00:53:15,580 --> 00:53:17,380 ..and lowers stress levels. 493 00:53:20,220 --> 00:53:23,620 The mental benefits are believed to be profound. 494 00:53:24,820 --> 00:53:29,820 Studies estimate that London parks alone save the NHS 495 00:53:29,820 --> 00:53:31,820 £370 million a year. 496 00:53:33,900 --> 00:53:35,980 Whether it's the breeze against your skin, 497 00:53:35,980 --> 00:53:38,740 the smells in the air, nature is an antidote 498 00:53:38,740 --> 00:53:40,420 to fast-paced city living. 499 00:53:42,700 --> 00:53:45,140 There really is something very therapeutic happening, 500 00:53:45,140 --> 00:53:46,740 just by being in a green space. 501 00:53:48,180 --> 00:53:52,860 Beth Collier is part of a new wave of psychotherapists, 502 00:53:52,860 --> 00:53:56,100 using a connection with nature to help alleviate the pressures 503 00:53:56,100 --> 00:53:57,900 of modern life. 504 00:53:57,900 --> 00:54:01,340 She thinks the young generation need the most help. 505 00:54:02,700 --> 00:54:05,860 Nature's no longer normal for young people, 506 00:54:05,860 --> 00:54:08,300 and it's up to us, the older generation, 507 00:54:08,300 --> 00:54:12,220 to make sure we pass on that awareness to younger children. 508 00:54:12,220 --> 00:54:16,220 Surveys show that three quarters of children in the UK spend 509 00:54:16,220 --> 00:54:20,060 less time outdoors than prison inmates. 510 00:54:20,060 --> 00:54:23,860 So Beth runs sessions helping youngsters like Kamal engage 511 00:54:23,860 --> 00:54:25,540 and connect with nature. 512 00:54:26,780 --> 00:54:30,420 Even ten minutes, spending time observing and tuning 513 00:54:30,420 --> 00:54:33,140 into the natural environment will help you to feel part 514 00:54:33,140 --> 00:54:35,860 of something much bigger than yourself. 515 00:54:38,500 --> 00:54:41,180 You don't have to go far to find it. 516 00:54:42,220 --> 00:54:46,140 Cities already have a surprising number of green spaces. 517 00:54:49,780 --> 00:54:53,380 Today, even in the most unexpected corners of London, 518 00:54:53,380 --> 00:54:57,020 nature is being brought into the city. 519 00:55:00,100 --> 00:55:04,100 And one initiative is encouraging people to get involved. 520 00:55:07,100 --> 00:55:11,660 Local resident Gerry Tissier has seen an overwhelming response. 521 00:55:12,900 --> 00:55:15,940 10X Greener is a project in our community to see 522 00:55:15,940 --> 00:55:18,980 what we can do to green up our streets so that they're good 523 00:55:18,980 --> 00:55:22,100 for wildlife and they're good for people as well. 524 00:55:22,100 --> 00:55:25,500 The moment that you get people out of their houses, 525 00:55:25,500 --> 00:55:28,540 that's the moment that things begin to change. 526 00:55:28,540 --> 00:55:31,100 All the kind of spaces that you get on streets, 527 00:55:31,100 --> 00:55:33,780 you suddenly start thinking, "Oh, we could put a planter there," 528 00:55:33,780 --> 00:55:36,300 or, "We could green up that corner." 529 00:55:36,300 --> 00:55:39,300 People from all over the community are collaborating, 530 00:55:39,300 --> 00:55:42,100 not just for the benefit of wildlife, but also 531 00:55:42,100 --> 00:55:43,900 for their own wellbeing. 532 00:55:45,380 --> 00:55:48,820 Gardener John Little has been tasked with enriching 533 00:55:48,820 --> 00:55:50,580 Hackney's Clapton estate. 534 00:55:50,580 --> 00:55:53,540 When people came out of their houses and we were chatting to them, 535 00:55:53,540 --> 00:55:55,900 immediately we realised that colour was a big, 536 00:55:55,900 --> 00:55:57,700 big thing, and food. 537 00:55:57,700 --> 00:56:00,180 Those two things combined, make better biodiversity 538 00:56:00,180 --> 00:56:02,060 make better places. 539 00:56:02,060 --> 00:56:05,900 If you create decent public spaces and then people are drawn out to it, 540 00:56:05,900 --> 00:56:08,460 if there's wildlife there, if there's colour there, 541 00:56:08,460 --> 00:56:10,020 people really notice that. 542 00:56:10,020 --> 00:56:14,620 And once they notice the public space, then the ambience and the way 543 00:56:14,620 --> 00:56:18,100 the place feels, feels completely different. 544 00:56:18,100 --> 00:56:21,300 And with projects like this springing up across the capital 545 00:56:21,300 --> 00:56:25,060 city, huge changes are being made. 546 00:56:25,060 --> 00:56:28,460 It's about getting outside more and enjoying the city's 547 00:56:28,460 --> 00:56:31,780 great outdoors more. Getting down to allotments and nature reserves, 548 00:56:31,780 --> 00:56:34,780 stuff which thousands of Londoners are already doing. 549 00:56:34,780 --> 00:56:37,980 But what if we did it even more? 550 00:56:37,980 --> 00:56:41,060 Thanks to people like Dan Raven-Ellison, 551 00:56:41,060 --> 00:56:46,060 London is already a global leader in city greening and urban nature. 552 00:56:46,740 --> 00:56:50,700 And in 2019, the capital is set to become the world's 553 00:56:50,700 --> 00:56:54,580 first ever national park city. 554 00:56:54,580 --> 00:56:58,940 47% of London is physically green, another 2.5% is blue, 555 00:56:58,940 --> 00:57:01,260 so the canals, the rivers, the ponds. 556 00:57:01,260 --> 00:57:02,980 By international standards, 557 00:57:02,980 --> 00:57:05,540 London is a truly remarkable urban landscape. 558 00:57:08,540 --> 00:57:11,500 And it's a movement of people working together to make the city 559 00:57:11,500 --> 00:57:15,940 greener, healthier and wilder, through everyday things. 560 00:57:15,940 --> 00:57:19,860 Start planting stuff on our streets and on our roofs and get out 561 00:57:19,860 --> 00:57:22,860 onto our canals and rivers, getting children outside far 562 00:57:22,860 --> 00:57:24,900 more in schools. 563 00:57:24,900 --> 00:57:26,940 If enough of us do these simple things, 564 00:57:26,940 --> 00:57:30,220 it can really transform a landscape. 565 00:57:30,220 --> 00:57:34,660 Anyone can get involved in creating new habitats and space for wildlife. 566 00:57:36,060 --> 00:57:38,300 And this idea is going global. 567 00:57:39,900 --> 00:57:42,940 Dedicated people everywhere are working to safeguard our 568 00:57:42,940 --> 00:57:44,180 access to nature. 569 00:57:48,100 --> 00:57:50,740 If we're respectful of other creatures' environments 570 00:57:50,740 --> 00:57:54,020 and we are able to share that with them, we get the benefit 571 00:57:54,020 --> 00:57:57,220 and the privilege of having them around longer for children 572 00:57:57,220 --> 00:57:59,620 and grandchildren to see. 573 00:57:59,620 --> 00:58:03,340 Conserving what we have for wildlife is important, not just 574 00:58:03,340 --> 00:58:07,580 for the wildlife, but for our own life and satisfaction. 575 00:58:07,580 --> 00:58:14,660 It's predicted by 2050, nearly 70% of the world's population will live in cities. 576 00:58:16,580 --> 00:58:20,220 If we all embrace the idea of making the urban environment a wilder 577 00:58:20,220 --> 00:58:24,260 place, there's little doubt it will help us lead happier, 578 00:58:24,260 --> 00:58:27,260 healthier and less stressful lives.