You know, in physics,
we believe that everything around us can be made comprehensible.
It's a job that can easily set you apart from other people.
There's no restriction on thought.
I think I have a quite pictorial view of physics.
For me, particles are colourful. For me, an electron is red.
I don't know why. Don't ask me why. An electron is red.
A photon, of course, is yellow, because of light.
A proton is brown.
My perception or reality, you know, I go deep inside,
so I eat my spaghetti and I think of the quarks
that are inside the spaghetti. It's true.
You will say I'm crazy!
I am a physicist, but I love music and been studying music.
Music and physics are part of the same thing.
You know, human curiosity, human creativity,
the wish of exploring or understanding
how things work at the most fundamental level,
and what really touches me in science, like in music,
is this complexity built upon simplicity.
In music, you have very complex and rich symphonies.
Think about Beethoven, Mahler.
But actually, they are built up on the combination of seven notes.
And likewise, nature is extremely beautiful and extremely complex,
but actually, the most fundamental level
is made of just three particles.
I always wanted to understand, what are we made out of?
I need to know, how are things connected,
how does one depend on the other?
It is the most powerful,
most complex machine ever built by mankind.
To try to understand why we can exist at all.
When I was young, I wanted to understand the logic of nature...
..the fundamental laws which allows us to exist.
HE CHUCKLES
We need these laws for our existence.
The trouble is that these laws can be used for peace and for war.
ARCHIVE: Now I am become death, destroyer of worlds.
ARCHIVE: Dr Oppenheimer, you and many like you
who brought the bomb into being still seem to suffer, may I say,
from a bad conscience about it.
Is that true, sir?
I do think it has left a mark
on many of those
who are responsibly engaged.
This is not the natural business of a scientist.
After the first few minutes of elation,
I realised what had happened to the world.
A great thing, I felt, was to eliminate this.
We have to explain to the governments
that what we want to do is never to be associated with
the use of these laws for war.
Today, CERN is a truly global laboratory
with a community of more than 17,000 people
across more than 110 nationalities.
An incredible melting pot of languages, cultures, traditions.
But in a world where conflict between countries,
religions and cultures sadly persist,
this is a truly precious gift which cannot be taken for granted.
We now have autocrats ruling the largest nations on Earth
in ways we thought belonged to history.
Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine
by land, air and sea...
CERN has announced that it will end cooperation
with up to 500 scientists from Russian institutions.
The last world war had been so terrible,
I thought it would be unimaginable that a new war would start again.
Humanity should have learnt the lesson.
Here at CERN, several thousand scientists,
coming from different social, political systems,
having different religions,
having completely different mentalities,
work together very peacefully,
and I might say so, also very successfully.
INTERVIEWER: How many years ago was it
that you stepped down as Director-General?
It's a long time ago. Wait... 1990.
Wow! And you're still coming in?!
HE CHUCKLES
When I became 100 years old, some people asked me,
"What do you do to become so old?"
I said, there are two things.
Always stay active and always be curious.
The third council decided that we have to stop
almost all co-operation with Russia now.
It's a pity.
I think it was more or less the first time that,
in the 70 years of CERN,
that politics determined, essentially, a council decision.
So, this week, there was Council Week at CERN.
So it means the representative of our member states
got together for decisions and discussions.
The contracts with Belarus and with Russia already have been suspended.
However, there is still this laboratory in Russia
which is a bit similar to what we have at CERN,
and the collaboration with them dates back to '67,
so it's a really long-standing partner.
Here at CERN, we have Israelis working together with Palestinians,
Indians with Pakistani,
so science, and fundamental science, gives you a kind of basis
where people, independent of their religion,
independent of their political system where they grew up in,
can collaborate and can communicate,
and I think that's something important to keep.
That was what CERN is for - science for peace.
I remember when I first came to CERN, I was here visiting
because I was thinking about moving here, and I wasn't sure.
One of my mentors at the university
arranged to see the Atlas detector,
and it was the best thing
anyone ever did for me,
because when you see it, it was like... It was love.
You know, it's just this beautiful detector with
the precision of it, the size of it,
the amount of human effort and passion
that went into building every single little part.
I just wanted to be a part of that.
I got to build this, help build this. There are,
you know, thousands of people involved in this construction,
and I really got to help with that, those teams putting it all together.
There was a common goal that we all had,
so it gave a special spirit to the whole thing.
There was this chance to unlock
something very deep about nature itself.
2008 was really the first time we switched on our camera, Atlas,
and took the first data,
but the room was crowded at that time, no?
So everybody who contributed was in that room.
The preparation of this experiment took decades.
We now believe that all the matter that we now see
in the universe was made during the first fraction
of a fraction of a fraction of a second of the age of the universe.
In fact, it's something like 10 to the -35 seconds.
That means a 1
with 34 zeros before it.
An extremely small time.
The zero particle and all the other elementary particles have masses.
They weigh something. Now, why is that?
We believe that comes about from a particle called the Higgs boson.
Peter Higgs proposed the existence
of the Higgs boson in 1964.
I would compare it to a Roman arch.
So you've got this beautiful semi-circular arch,
and at the top, there is a capstone,
and if that capstone were not there, the arch would collapse.
With my colleagues, we basically sat down and said,
"OK, we don't know what the mass of the Higgs boson might be,"
but for different masses,
we could figure out the way in which it would show up in an experiment.
Some experiments of that type were being done at CERN.
But we really thought it was going to be heavier
and could only be found at a higher-energy accelerator.
MACHINE BLEEPS
The protons are in the machine.
We're ready at this end.
We're now in the countdown.
Changez l'orbite.
Next pulse.
See, what happens in the sort of experiments that are done here -
well, actually sort of underground, in some sense -
what's being done down there
is a sort of recreation of the first seconds of the Big Bang.
You are about 100 metres underground
at the absolute best experiment on Earth.
The LHC pipe runs through the centre,
and protons come in from either direction.
If we're lucky, and if they hit
really like a big, strong head-on collision,
we can create all sorts of cool stuff.
Potentially something we have never seen before.
It's very nice here in the control room,
because you can see in real time
all these collisions and particles,
the shower coming out of it,
and sometimes, yeah, it's really overwhelming,
and actually, it's also bothering me
thinking about all the things that they will discover in the future
and that maybe I will never know.
Everybody's trying to write history, in a way. It's our ambition.
You know, the man of the caverns
was writing pictures of cows on the wall, right?
So that 3,000 years later, you walk in there and say,
"My God, look at that! There's a human being there."
Now, we're not trying... painting ghosts on walls of caves.
We're trying to do much more sophisticated things.
And when it's all done and over,
what do you think we... 20th-century civilisation
have left behind?
I mean, my opinion is they will care.
They will respect us.
And will respect us on the basis of the understanding we have.
When I arrived here at CERN, you know,
I was this student, very much lacking in confidence,
looking around at what's happening here,
and I did not feel that I fit in here.
I felt like an impostor.
It was like another planet!
First of all, because there were literally no Indians here at CERN.
It was incredible.
I can tell you that even the smell of coffee was alien to me.
Coming from India, a woman, working in the laboratory, you know,
with Europeans and with Americans and all that, it was not easy.
The confidence is today, the smiles are today,
but I have had endless sleepless nights, years on end.
This human endeavour is mind-boggling.
When you were presented with the plans for the LHC,
the engineering challenge is
absolutely enormous.
Well, I wasn't presented with the plans.
I made the plans!
HE LAUGHS
I came to CERN in '69.
Antiprotons now.
What is it, 55 years now?
Practically. HE LAUGHS
55 of the 70!
But this is home now, after all this time.
I took over the project in '93, prepared it for approval.
Took until the end of 1994 to get approved.
NEWS ARCHIVE: The project could provide answers
to the nature of the universe.
The machine, called the Large Hadron Collider,
will aim to recreate the conditions at the time of the Big Bang.
The tunnel was there already.
We took it over from a previous machine.
There is a pit where the big magnets can be lowered into the tunnel
onto a transport vehicle,
and then that gives us access to the LHC ring.
This is really the biggest
and most complex scientific project ever undertaken.
The whole 27km circumference
is aligned to better than a tenth of a millimetre.
Very, very, very tiny movements will affect our data.
The moon, for example, also affects the LHC.
WAVES SPLASH
It's the kind of a breathing that goes on. Like the tides, you know?
And we need to track everything. Think of gravity,
that every time there is a movement of a piece of matter
around the Earth, that actually translates into
a very, very, very tiny movement
which can be reflected in the measurements
at the scale at which we do the measurements, you know?
We are looking for a particle
that has a lifetime of 10 to the -22 seconds.
And within that, if there is a movement, you're lost.
So the idea behind the collision is,
you're just getting a huge amount of energy into, you know,
a single spot, and then you can produce something very massive.
And so by studying these collisions,
we understand this very microscopic world,
and then that helps us understand how we evolve
from a microscopic world to the macroscopic,
to galaxies, superclusters of galaxies.
It's all intertwined.
We can't understand that without understanding this.
BELL CLANGS
Hello! Welcome!
INTERVIEWER: Hello!
All the best. Nice to welcome you here in my home! Please, come in.
Thank you so much!
Do you still play the piano? Yes, a little bit, yes, a little bit.
I like music beside physics very much.
HE PLAYS
I am a very old man now. I have the advantage
that I've seen now practically 100 years of European history.
During the last war, I was a soldier.
I was fighting against Russia and the British.
In fact, I was by chance also at Dresden when it was bombed,
so I've seen it. Fortunately, I survived.
So I know what real war means.
We have 10,000 people who were killed in one night.
All that, of course, is nightmare.
When war was ended,
I was taken prisoner by the British troops, near Hamburg.
At that time, imagine there was practically no radio.
There were just a few local newspapers.
There was no television, nothing.
So I learnt about the bombs rather late,
more or less by chance.
ARCHIVE: It is an atomic bomb.
It is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe.
EXPLOSION
I knew many other people
who were involved in the development of these bombs.
In Germany, it was Heisenberg.
And it was never quite clear
whether the nuclear chain reaction would work.
I knew Heisenberg quite well.
He was surprised that a bomb had worked,
because he had calculated the detailed cross-section,
and he'd made a mistake.
Simply incredible, because Heisenberg said,
"Look, it can't have worked"!
And they told him, "Yes, but it worked,"
so he sat down and found out, yes, he had made a mistake!
HARRY TRUMAN: A short time ago, an American airplane dropped
one bomb on Hiroshima and destroyed its usefulness to the enemy.
That bomb has more power than 20,000 tons of TNT.
The force from which the sun draws its power has been loosed
against those who brought war to the Far East.
We have spent more than $2 billion
on the greatest scientific gamble in history, and we have won.
What has been done
is the greatest achievement of organised science in history.
OPPENHEIMER: I think when you play a meaningful part
in bringing about the death of over 100,000 people
and the injury of a comparable number,
you naturally...
..don't think of that as... with ease.
We had known the sin of pride.
We had turned to effect,
in what proved to be a major way,
the course of man's history.
ARCHIVE, IN FRENCH:
It is an idea which is, to some extent, unimaginable today.
Shortly after the Second World War,
a handful of visionary scientists
and a handful of visionary diplomats
getting together from all the continents
and saying, "OK, we have to do something
"to get Europe out of the ruins."
It took only a few years to create CERN.
This is amazing. I cannot imagine something like this today.
ARCHIVE: The council of CERN is made up of delegates
from the 13 member states.
The purpose of the European Organization for Nuclear Research
is to further collaboration in scientific research
of a purely fundamental nature.
IN FRENCH:
Looking at these people together - Oppenheimer, Heisenberg...
..who worked beforehand on different sides within the war,
but they ignored the political difference,
and they were just concentrating on science.
ARCHIVE: An atomic war would end this civilisation,
and would end any science and so on.
Mankind has to learn to control itself,
because it now has within its power to destroy itself very cheaply.
We brought the people together.
We wrote a convention which clearly states,
"peaceful application only".
"The Organization shall provide for collaboration among European states
"in nuclear research
"of a pure scientific and fundamental character."
When we work, we don't think of making
military applications.
The responsibilities of the scientist
is that new technologies are used in the proper way.
Every technology can be used for the good of humanity
or against humanity.
I mean, typewriter can be used for war,
or can be used for peaceful poetry.
I grew up in an industrial part of the United States,
in western Pennsylvania, where everybody's grandfather and father
worked in the steel mills,
and they told us when we were kids that if we didn't study hard,
we'd end up in the factory like they were.
And I totally failed, you can see!
We have Metallica,
Muse, Roger Waters,
Jack White, Pixies.
The bar is pretty high.
It's not just for any rock stars.
There'll be more, I hope!
The science fiction question is,
do we have enough antimatter to be dangerous, or to power a starship?
And the answer is, even though this is the best and only machine
to create this antihydrogen atom, we kind of suck.
It's never going to be a danger to anybody.
It would take longer than the age of the universe
to accumulate just 1g of antimatter.
But that 1g of antimatter could put a space shuttle into orbit.
Right? That's a cataclysmic amount of antimatter to lose all at once.
We simply...
I wouldn't want to be anywhere near that, let's put it that way.
CERN in the early '90s, I found an extremely exciting atmosphere.
Those were the years where we were developing
the Large Hadron Collider.
Atlas is the biggest experiment ever built in particle physics.
We are all pushed by the same spirit
and by the same awareness of being very close
to discover something big.
In addition to the fundamental science,
which might have interesting applications,
there are the technologies which you develop
in order to make the research possible,
and the World Wide Web is one example of that.
This is a technology which was developed in order for scientists
to be able to collaborate around the world, and of course,
it's completely revolutionised the way that humans interact.
So, what's the web?
It used to be difficult to explain what the web would be like.
Now it's difficult to explain why it was difficult.
But back in the 1980s, at CERN, it was an exciting place to be.
Lots and lots of information systems on different computers,
on different networks, all incompatible.
So the idea was that one should be able to communicate
by sharing information.
How many of you have actually never experienced the World Wide Web?
I see one hand.
Two, three, four, five,
six, seven... No, come on!
HE LAUGHS
What was it that made the Web click
as the universal hypertext on a computer network?
It is the URL, and that is Tim's fundamental contribution.
We sat under the big tree in the CERN cafeteria one evening
with a beer, and then I said, "We need a catchy title for it,"
and suddenly Tim said, "Well, what about World Wide Web?"
I said, "Yeah. That's great. It's a bit long!"
I liked its name, the World Wide Web,
which was unpronounceable to French people!
That's why most French people didn't like it! So...
I don't think we've even seen the tip of the iceberg.
I think the potential of what the internet is going to do to society,
both good and bad, is unimaginable.
I think we're actually on the cusp of something
exhilarating and terrifying.
It's just a tool, though, isn't it? No, it's not. No.
No, it's an alien life form. What do you think...?
I mean, when you think, then, about... Is there life on Mars?
Yes, it's just landed here!
# Wah-ooh
# You never spend your nights with me
# And you don't go out with other girls either
# Wah-wah-wah-wah
# You only love your Collider... #
"You never spend your nights with me.
"You don't go out with other girls either.
"You only love your Collider."
Tim Berners-Lee and our group of friends
were part of a theatre company.
We used web pages for the clubs
and for work, and, I mean,
I did think it was a brilliant thing.
When this Cernettes picture got published,
it ended up being the first picture of a band, an artist,
of something social on the web which was not mere physics.
# Wah-wah-wah-wah
# You only love your Collider
# Da-ooh... #
I think that CERN realised fairly early on
that the World Wide Web was not something that it could manage.
ARCHIVE: The most ambitious attempt ever to recreate conditions
at the beginning of the universe
is launched this morning in Switzerland.
"Catastrophic," claims Prof Otto Roessler,
who went to court to stop the experiment,
warning the Earth could be eaten inside out.
How many months or years it takes to eat the whole Earth
cannot be predicted at the moment.
This might be my last broadcast,
because tomorrow may be the end of the Earth.
HE CHUCKLES They've got these things
moving around at the speed of light, then BAM!
That story was very beneficial for us,
because it attracted a lot of interest and attention
by the public, the media, which was not there before.
Normally, we would not publish a switch-on day.
We never did that before. We were forced into it, effectively.
So we had to pick a day and then go flat-out to make it.
ARCHIVE: We are actually inside the control room
for what is genuinely the biggest experiment
ever undertaken by mankind.
Nobody was more surprised than me
when I came in at six o'clock in the morning
and saw these huge satellite dishes
and big lorries full of mobile studios
and God-knows-what there.
They were under enormous pressure. We would normally not accept that.
Don't forget that it made Google.
The Google logo was the LHC that day.
I didn't really know how much in the spotlight I was.
I was doing a running commentary
on what we were doing from step to step.
Let's get started, everybody.
Now comes the day of reckoning.
Little did I know that my wife was watching it at home!
HE LAUGHS
ARCHIVE: There are innumerable things that could go wrong.
This has never been done before.
I did not sleep that night before, because I kept thinking...
I had this list in my brain -
did we check that, did we check this?
What about the voltage?
You know, everything that could have gone wrong,
I was sure it was going to go wrong.
ARCHIVE: Everybody is staring at a series of screens above us,
and the tension, you could cut with a laser beam.
OK, the next cycle, we will inject the beam into the LHC.
Now we go into new territory.
OK. Let's go.
Five, four, three,
two, one... Zero.
Nothing. MACHINE BEEPS
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
Wow!
Wow, last night, it was like waking up constantly,
thinking, "Did we set that right?!
"What about...?! Did we...?!" Oh, my gosh!
Physics has that kind of garage feel to it. It's not production.
You know, it involves a lot of tweaks.
It involves a lot of hacking. I mean, we're hackers in the end.
We fix things, they don't work,
we tweak them, they don't work, then tweak them...
Fundamental research is a lot of getting it wrong
until you get it right.
But fortunately, we got it right on the first try! Never happens!
That was a day, really, you know, a big emotion,
when you see the thing,
on which you have been working for years,
together with thousands of colleagues
from all over the world, become real.
And I said, "Wow, here we are! We managed. We did it."
It may have looked easy to you,
but I can assure you it was only made to look easy
because of the quality of the equipment,
the quality of the software, and above all,
the quality of the people who have built this machine
and will operate it in the future.
MACHINE BEEPS
MUFFLED SPEECH
I got a call, so I went straight over to the control room,
and all of the screens were red.
Red's a bad colour!
What we thought it was at the time was that they had lost the helium
and that it would take us two months to recover.
I mean, at that point, we were just, like, days from data, and,
"Aargh! We've got to lose two more months because of the helium!"
I think it only settled later that we were talking about a year.
It took a long time to recover, emotionally, from it.
Took about 50 magnets with it,
in one sector, that we had to replace.
Fortunately, we had all the spares.
It was just picking ourselves up,
rolling up our sleeves yet again and getting on with the job.
Clearly, I was frustrated,
but that was 24 years after first thinking about
the physics that you could do with the LHC,
so if it was going to take another year or two, you know, that's OK.
So I am a Palestinian from Hebron, the West Bank.
Part of this job is... It's international.
We work physics and for physics,
and we have to collaborate with all people,
regardless of their background.
Hello, friends!
THEY GREET ONE ANOTHER
I don't care what you believe.
Our goal is to understand the building blocks of matter,
the fundamental interactions in nature.
I am a Muslim, and I believe the God Almighty,
and I believe there is a beginning of the universe.
And my goal is not to contradict the God,
but to discover the laws of God, the laws that govern nature.
So it's...
My belief, my physics works are side-by-side.
There is no contradiction.
Is my belief consistent with my research?
Up to now, yes. There is no contradiction.
There are so many unanswered questions.
If we really do want to understand
why the universe is the way it is,
we need to understand
what the pieces are that make it up,
and how those pieces fit together.
The pieces that we know about,
is that all of them or are there more pieces?
When they were building a part of this,
they needed some really, really high-purity brass,
which was expensive and difficult to get hold of,
but some of the Russian colleagues realised that they had
loads of World War II shell casings
made out of exactly the right quality brass necessary,
and so over a million World War II shell casings were collected,
melted down and turned into our calorimeter, right in here.
CERN was one of the holes in the Iron Curtain
during the Cold War,
because all the people from the other side of the Iron Curtain
could come to CERN, and vice versa.
CERN is the only organisation
which had in its foundation the double role
to promote science and improve the relations between countries.
ARCHIVE: The moment is at hand.
President Reagan now is at a lakeside mansion
about eight miles north of Geneva,
and it is there that the president will meet this morning
with Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union,
the first meeting between the leaders of
the two most powerful forces in the history of civilisation
in more than six years now.
CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICK
Then it was like a journal of CERN.
I got a call from the head of the American delegation
to prepare the discussion.
We said, "Look, we need a place which is respected by both sides,
"where we can freely and informally discuss the problems."
So we invited a small group, both from the Russians and Americans,
to dinner at CERN.
And after their first toast, I left them alone, I said goodbye.
REAGAN: I called for a fresh start, and we made that start.
I can't claim that we had a meeting of the minds
on such fundamentals as ideology or national purpose,
but we understand each other better, and that's a key to peace.
APPLAUSE
I think if, in the end,
Gorbachev could sign the first disarmament agreement,
it was, I believe, with the help of the physicists.
The Large Hadron Collider is a machine for the world,
because it's the only machine of that type.
It brings the world forward,
and it can only work
because the whole world is involved.
We could not immediately start with the highest possible energy
for which the LHC was designed,
so we decided to go on very slowly,
but we reached the highest energy ever with an accelerator on Earth.
It's a bit like an explorer,
because I see something which nobody else had seen before.
It's brilliant.
40 million pictures per second of these conditions,
roughly 150 million channels, yeah?
And it's a three-dimensional picture.
Of course, then we were in a rush to find the Higgs particle.
I mean, that was what we wanted to see.
What's left to fill the gap between theory and experiment?
That's the Higgs boson contribution.
For particle physicists, discovering the Higgs boson,
this would be like... landing on the moon.
It's not just a particle, it's not just a thing that gets produced.
It is a clue to one of the most fundamental concepts
of our lives and worlds,
which is, how do we get mass?
It was sort of, bam, bam, bam.
We were working along, we were doing everything,
calibrating the detector, and then suddenly there was something there.
I mean, and we thought, "OK, God, is this the Higgs?"
You know, "Could this be it?"
Of course, there was this excitement that we knew that...
But it happened so fast.
You check and recheck, and then you see suddenly
this peak or this number of pictures
indicating something interesting growing.
People were working days and nights, looking at the data.
There was something special going on.
We decided, "OK, we will have a seminar,"
but we didn't know yet -
is it a discovery or is it close to a discovery?
Today, we hear two presentations from the two experiments
at Las Encinas, on the update on a search for a certain particle.
We have a magic limit in particle physics.
When we cross this threshold of evidence,
then you can call it a discovery.
We needed to cross this threshold in both experiments,
because a cross-check is absolutely vital.
There were many, many people who had made the history of CERN -
the previous Director-General, Peter Rees was there,
Francois Englert...
The day of the announcement was really kind of...
Not only was the world learning about it
but also half the community was learning about the other half.
..so this distribution is extremely clean,
except one big spike here, in this region here.
So, zooming in this region...
APPLAUSE
CHEERING
We have observed a new particle consistent with the Higgs boson.
Thank you. As a layman, I would now say, I think we have it.
Do you agree? CHEERING, APPLAUSE CONTINUES
Maybe one more round of applause to all the guys...
..supported the whole project for more than 25 years here.
All of them, OK?
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
When you take a step back and look at what we achieved, it was huge.
APPLAUSE DROWNS SPEECH
CHEERING
The elementary particles wouldn't have a mass.
They would fly through the universe with the speed of light.
No chance to form composite matter.
No chance to form us, no chance to form the Earth.
And now we found the explanation. We found it!
It...
Great moment! Yeah?
I have to say, I was pretty emotional.
Not quite sure whether I had tears in my eyes.
Peter Higgs certainly did.
So this was 48 years after
they had proposed their theory.
Well, I would like to add my congratulations to everybody
involved in this tremendous achievement.
For me, it's really an incredible thing
that it's happened in my lifetime.
Just at the moment where you say,
"OK, that was worth all my work,
"this moment, this day," and basically you...
..then stop working. After that seminar, we just celebrated.
It was a day full of champagne and beer. Perfect!
I think the one good thing that I had going for me
when I started this was that I was naive
and never realised the mountain that we had to climb
to actually, you know, succeed.
You look at the experimental teams that discovered the Higgs boson.
They include Russians and Americans,
they include Chinese and Europeans,
they include Indians and Pakistanis,
they include Israelis and Palestinians.
This is an endeavour which I think really unifies the human race.
The situation is complex today.
The war in Ukraine does have an impact.
Last year, the CERN Council decided to terminate the collaboration
with some Russian institutes.
So, there is one institute based in Russia
that we are still working with.
Now the CERN Council must decide whether it wants to keep that
long-standing collaboration going, or whether it wants to cut all ties.
Sanctioning Russia and Belarus,
yeah, that contradicts the CERN foundation.
So CERN was established after the Second World War
on the ash of Europe, 1954.
In the 1950s, '60s, '70s, at the height of the Cold War, world war,
Americans, Germans, Western Europe, Russians, Soviets, work together.
So, what has changed? Why don't you keep that?
You cannot generalise to all the people.
You cannot generalise to all Russian or Ukrainian
the decision of a few people in the governments, maybe.
I know these people, they are against war,
and they are paying for something that is not their fault.
So I'm really curious now to see
whether Fabiola somehow has sent something.
There is something. I'll wait.
"An important item on the review in council..."
"..has the council decided not to terminate the agreement."
That's good! I'm very happy to read
that CERN remains in its tradition.
Very good.
If the council had not taken that decision
and decided to terminate the agreement,
that would have been the end of any relation
with the Russian Federation.
This is really the nerve centre.
This is where everything happens, you know?
How can we make sure that we continue being the number one lab?
So it's projecting CERN, you know, in decades away from today.
This is why we are doing this feasibility study.
You know, should we have
a super-super-duper-large accelerator,
it's going to be three times the size of the current LHC.
What is dark matter?
That's the question I am looking for.
We know it's there and it must be there in an enormous amount,
about four times more of this than the visible mass of the universe.
GROUND CONTROL: ..zero. And lift-off for the final launch...
It's the mystery of life,
and we have to accept that there are things that are much bigger,
much more complex than our brain and our imagination can capture.
We are made of sub-nuclear universe.
We are pieces of the sub-nuclear universe.
Believe it or not, it's the real origin of existence.
HE CHUCKLES
Do you sometimes want to wake up
to the singularity we once were?
For every atom belonging to me as good
Belongs to you.
When earth was sky, and animal was energy,
and rock was liquid and stars were space and space was not.
Only a tiny dot
brimming with is is is.
All. Everything. Home.