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Burma.

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Cut off from the world for 50 years.

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A mysterious land.

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A land of secrets.

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Home to half of mainland
Southeast Asia's remaining forests.

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It's rumoured to be teeming
with iconic animals.

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This is one big question mark when
it comes to scientific exploration.

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These forests could be
the last refuge

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to some magnificent creatures
that are being wiped out

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across the world.

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As it opens up to democracy,

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Burma will have to choose
the fate of its forests.

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There, there, there, there!
What is that?

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Now, for the first time,
a team of scientists

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and wildlife film-makers
are venturing

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deep into Burma's jungles.

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Did you see that? There they are.
I'm shaking.

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They will catalogue
its forgotten wildlife...

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..and give Burma's government
a report

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to help get these forests protected.

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So very, very, very, very lucky.

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It's a race against time,

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as the world eyes up
Burma's natural riches.

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We've got fire in front of us
and then fire here

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and then fire behind us.

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Oh, God, this isn't good!

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What they discover

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could change the future
of Burma's wilds forever.

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Watch this, watch this,
watch this...whoa!

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Burma's forests
are not just important to Burma.

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They're not just important to Asia.

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Burma's forests are important
for the world.

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Burma's forests are largely
unexplored and inaccessible.

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Potentially a haven

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for Asia's endangered animals.

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Unlike its neighbours, nearly half
the country is wilderness.

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But only 3% is protected under law.

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The survey team

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hopes their report
on the wildlife here

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will persuade Burma to protect more.

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Joining forces for the expedition

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are two
specialist wildlife filmmakers -

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Gordon Buchanan....

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Oh, look down there.

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..and Justine Evans.

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See if I can get a viewpoint
from up here.

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They're joined by a team
of scientists.

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Entomologist Ross Piper...

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That's a fantastic creature.

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..mammal expert Darrin Lunde...

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I don't know how fast
these guys could dig,

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but I'm going to try
to keep up with them.

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..and a group of Burmese biologists
with vital local knowledge.

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Yes, yes!

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Against the odds, they've already
discovered Asian elephants

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thriving in the south.

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Elsewhere in Asia,
they are severely endangered.

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The team aims to protect
not just elephants,

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but whole ecosystems.

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Now they're pushing deeper
into Burma's uncharted forests.

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Their mission -

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to find as many different species
as possible.

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Measuring the forest's diversity

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will help make the case
for its protection.

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Top of their list are three animals
that are rapidly disappearing

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from the rest of Asia.

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The endangered sun bear...

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..and two rare cats -

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the little-known Asian golden cat

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and the clouded leopard.

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The team is heading to
an isolated mountain range.

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A place so remote it has never
been properly studied -

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Salu.

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They hope to find
one of the most pristine

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and intact forests in Burma.

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The only way in is on foot.

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Local Rakhine villagers
will act as guides

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and help carry the team's
two tonnes of specialist equipment.

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They know this forest intimately

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and will help the team
find Salu's rarest animals.

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Entomologist Ross is confident

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they'll make some spectacular
discoveries.

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No-one's really been here
to document the wildlife,

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so we're going to be the first
to do that

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and there's a real sense
of anticipation

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amongst the scientists here
about what we're going to find.

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For the Rakhine people,
the expedition's arrival

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is a sure sign
that Burma is changing.

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Their once isolated world
is becoming more accessible.

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Burma, also known as Myanmar,

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began its exile in 1962

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when General Ne Win staged a coup.

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He locked down the country
with brute force.

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Decades of military rule followed.

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Despite years of protests, Burma was
shut away from the developed world.

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Now that's changed.

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Democracy has brought new hope.

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But freedom comes at a cost.

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There are fears that hunters

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are already targeting
Burma's unprotected forests.

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Base camp is on the banks
of the Salu river,

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in the heart of the forest.

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This place is a fantastic choice
for a base camp.

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What you want to do is heighten
your chance of seeing

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as many different animals as
possible, and this place is great.

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You've got a range
of different habitats.

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You've got the river, riverine
forest, forested mountain slopes

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and right even up on the ridge,
entirely covered in trees.

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The team's goal is to prove
this forest is so unique,

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it's worth protecting.

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They must find
as many species as possible,

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ideally some
that are new to science.

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In this remote forest, the team
expects diversity to be high.

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As well as searching for insects,
Ross will oversee the survey.

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The team will feed information back
to me.

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I can collate it all

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and we can build up a picture
of what animals are living here.

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This survey, once it's completed,

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will give the Burmese government
the information they need

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to protect these forests.

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The forest covers 650 square miles,

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with different animals
in different areas.

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The team splits up.

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Gordon and his guides are searching
for the extremely rare sun bear.

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They hope to pick up their trail
on these thickly forested ridges.

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It already feels quite different,

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even just being on the hill
above camp.

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Camp is down there -

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a little row of tents.

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This habitat is separated vertically.

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The higher we climb in elevation,
there's all these subtle changes,

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so there's change
in different plants,

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change in different trees,

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and as you would expect,
there's a change in animals.

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And that's the whole reason
we're climbing up onto this ridge,

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because animals
we'd expect to find up here

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are going to be different
from the animals

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that the rest of the team
are going to find down there.

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These peaks offer rich pickings
for sun bears,

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with plenty of insects
and fruiting trees.

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Across the rest of Asia,

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sun bears are victims
of deforestation.

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Their population has dropped 30%
in the last three decades.

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Salu could be a vital refuge,

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but to prove it, Gordon must find
evidence of a breeding population.

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Up there is a tangle of branches,

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and what that is...

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It's a sun bear nest.

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Sun bears will go up into the trees,

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and like chimpanzees do,

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they'll break the branches

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and form a little platform.

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And you can sleep up there.

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So, this is a place
where a sun bear has been

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and there's always a chance
that they could come back.

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See here, there's some scratch marks
here where the bear

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has climbed up, well,
actually, even higher.

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Sleeping up in a nest like this
for a sun bear

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is quite a wise place to go

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because there's probably going to be
leopards up around here.

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There's Asiatic black bear,
which is a much bigger bear species,

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so a sun bear would want to keep off
a path like this,

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up nice and high, so anything,

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any threat, could pass below him
and not even know he was here.

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Locals believe sun bears
use these paths to move around.

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So Gordon's first job is to set up
motion-triggered cameras.

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For the next two weeks,
he will check them every day.

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Down in the valleys, Justine
is also setting camera traps.

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Her mission is to film
Salu's wild cats.

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She's after two of Asia's rarest
and most beautiful cats -

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the golden cat

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and the clouded leopard.

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Both feed on the forest's
smaller creatures.

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So if the cats are thriving,
the whole forest is.

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Catching them on camera
won't be easy.

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Now, this is looking pretty good.

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I'm seeing here there's a bit of
bamboo that's fallen down

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and then there's lots of scrub here
and low-lying branches,

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so if I was an animal
and I was walking down there,

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I wouldn't try and pick my way
through all of that.

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I'd probably just prefer
to come through here.

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Most animals will take the path
of least resistance,

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especially cats.

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Cats do like it easy.
They like a good path.

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You know, in many parts of the world
where you get big cats,

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you often see them
on drivable tracks,

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so I think this just looks like
a really good bet.

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Gordon and Justine's
remote cameras will be on 24/7.

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They're the team's best chance of
recording these elusive creatures.

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Meanwhile, the scientists begin
their search for smaller animals.

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Smithsonian mammal expert
Darrin Lunde

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plans to catch as many species
as possible

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in the short time they have.

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I'm looking to put a
pitfall trap line in here

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and I'm just going to cut
a swathe through

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and then we're going to dig holes

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and we're going to sink buckets down
into the holes

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and we're going to run a plastic
fence through the centre of them

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and what that does is,
animals that are moving

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from one side of the forest,
or just moving through this forest,

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they're going to
encounter that fence,

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they're going to run along it,
trying to get around it,

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and many of them are going to fall
into these pitfall buckets.

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And we may very well find something
that's new. We'll see.

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Finding species new to science
will help the team prove

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how valuable this forest is.

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The pitfall traps
could be their best hope.

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The team also needs to
catalogue the canopy.

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And Ross is heading into
the treetops.

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This is fantastic,
to be so high above this forest

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and seeing so far as I can now.

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It gives you an unparalleled view

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of where we are at the moment.

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You just see

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ridge after ridge of forest.

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Insects are drawn to bright lights.

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This white sheet will lure them in.

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Ross can survey the insect
population without moving at all.

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All he has to do is wait.

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At night, the remote cameras
switch to infrared.

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INTENSE BUZZING AND CHIRPING

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The forest is alive with sound.

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Ross gets his first results.

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There's lots of species.

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Down here is crawling
with all sorts of beetle species.

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The thing is, I'm also attracting

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these big bees
and a few wasps as well.

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I'm also starting to get
some cicadas now.

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And listen to that.

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CLICKING AND BUZZING

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That sounds positively electronic.

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Cicadas are amongst the loudest
animals there are.

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Some of them can be
about 120 decibels.

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It's all about trying to find a mate.

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So they'll just sit up
high up in the trees,

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making these really peculiar sounds,

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in the hope of trying to find
a female.

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Cicadas produce
their intense noises...

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..with a pair of plates
on the bottom of their abdomen.

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Now, they vibrate these
really quickly

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to produce the intense sounds.

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Insects are a vital part
of the forest food chain.

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Small animals like these are prey
for larger predators.

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Urgh!

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This...this is a burying beetle.

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These really stink. They stink like
a decomposing corpse,

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but they have a really important
function.

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So any small animal that dies
on the ground down there,

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these find the body and bury it

250
00:15:12,599 --> 00:15:15,918
and their larvae live on it
and that's what they eat.

251
00:15:15,919 --> 00:15:18,438
So the thing is, if it weren't for
creatures like this,

252
00:15:18,439 --> 00:15:20,438
we'd be ankle-deep
in all sorts of corpses.

253
00:15:20,439 --> 00:15:22,919
INSECTS CHIRP AND BUZZ

254
00:15:24,199 --> 00:15:27,318
In just one hour,
Ross has recorded 50 species.

255
00:15:27,319 --> 00:15:29,559
And more are coming in every second.

256
00:15:31,599 --> 00:15:34,238
There are some incredible
mimics on this sheet.

257
00:15:34,239 --> 00:15:37,278
This moth, for example,
is mimicking a wasp.

258
00:15:37,279 --> 00:15:39,438
It does this
because all other animals know

259
00:15:39,439 --> 00:15:41,479
that wasps are dangerous,
they have a sting.

260
00:15:42,599 --> 00:15:46,758
So this strategy keeps this moth
safe from its own predators.

261
00:15:46,759 --> 00:15:50,399
You see that again and again
with some of the animals on here.

262
00:15:52,039 --> 00:15:53,599
And look at this longhorn beetle.

263
00:15:54,679 --> 00:15:56,278
It will blend in completely.

264
00:15:56,279 --> 00:15:58,478
You wouldn't see it
if it was on the bark of a tree.

265
00:15:58,598 --> 00:16:00,438
You see, also the weird thing
about this one

266
00:16:00,439 --> 00:16:02,780
are these big pompoms
on the antenna.

267
00:16:03,959 --> 00:16:05,879
Now, this is probably used
in courtship.

268
00:16:08,479 --> 00:16:11,398
Ross's insect survey
is the team's first evidence

269
00:16:11,399 --> 00:16:13,835
of a rich and diverse forest.

270
00:16:21,518 --> 00:16:23,009
Back in base camp,

271
00:16:23,129 --> 00:16:28,102
Justine is keen to find out what the
locals know about Salu's wild cats.

272
00:16:30,319 --> 00:16:32,239
Any of these cats...

273
00:16:33,239 --> 00:16:36,087
We have a golden cat here, this one?

274
00:16:36,519 --> 00:16:38,038
Any of the other ones?

275
00:16:38,067 --> 00:16:38,792
TRANSLATION:

276
00:16:43,846 --> 00:16:45,440
Is it possible, do you think,
to film them, though?

277
00:17:01,599 --> 00:17:04,398
The locals doubt she'll film cats.

278
00:17:04,399 --> 00:17:07,453
And they also have distressing
news about sun bears.

279
00:17:37,719 --> 00:17:41,838
I'm surprised that things like
sun bear are being taken for trade.

280
00:17:41,839 --> 00:17:47,398
And somewhere quite remote like
this, you know, it feels like,

281
00:17:47,399 --> 00:17:49,598
you know,
that this international trade

282
00:17:49,599 --> 00:17:51,878
is just permeating everywhere
globally.

283
00:17:51,879 --> 00:17:54,973
You know, it's a disease
that you just can't escape.

284
00:17:56,239 --> 00:18:00,039
The team's survey may be
too little, too late.

285
00:18:12,999 --> 00:18:15,439
ANIMALS WHOOP AND CHIRP

286
00:18:28,479 --> 00:18:32,598
Next morning, the team sets out
with a new sense of urgency.

287
00:18:32,599 --> 00:18:35,318
The forest is already under threat.

288
00:18:35,319 --> 00:18:38,198
The more species they can find,
the better their chance

289
00:18:38,199 --> 00:18:40,199
of getting it protected.

290
00:18:53,199 --> 00:18:56,198
If poachers ARE hunting
sun bears here,

291
00:18:56,199 --> 00:18:58,598
Gordon's search may be doomed.

292
00:18:58,599 --> 00:19:01,969
These shy and persecuted creatures
could already be gone.

293
00:19:02,839 --> 00:19:04,988
Only the camera traps will tell.

294
00:19:07,279 --> 00:19:09,278
Look at this hog badger here.

295
00:19:09,279 --> 00:19:10,598
He's a generalist

296
00:19:10,599 --> 00:19:12,078
rather than a specialist.

297
00:19:12,079 --> 00:19:14,358
He will eat practically anything.

298
00:19:14,592 --> 00:19:18,366
He'll be eating insects, he'll be
eating reptiles and amphibians

299
00:19:18,599 --> 00:19:19,878
if he can find them.

300
00:19:19,879 --> 00:19:22,398
He'll eat small mammals
if he can get hold of them.

301
00:19:22,399 --> 00:19:24,074
Very strange-looking animal.

302
00:19:25,159 --> 00:19:28,239
It's a kind of tropical slant
on a very familiar-looking creature.

303
00:19:30,159 --> 00:19:31,598
What's that?

304
00:19:31,599 --> 00:19:33,238
Oh, look!

305
00:19:33,239 --> 00:19:34,798
A sun bear!

306
00:19:34,799 --> 00:19:38,079
That...is...amazing!

307
00:19:46,399 --> 00:19:48,879
There is still at least
one bear here.

308
00:19:50,079 --> 00:19:51,439
Gordon is on the right track.

309
00:19:58,839 --> 00:20:04,078
This animal spends its entire
waking life looking for insects,

310
00:20:04,079 --> 00:20:08,078
looking for honey, looking for fruit.
And you only get that fruit

311
00:20:08,079 --> 00:20:12,679
and that honey and those insects
in places that are intact.

312
00:20:14,159 --> 00:20:17,598
I've actually looked for these bears
many times before

313
00:20:17,599 --> 00:20:19,959
and I've never ever seen one.

314
00:20:22,159 --> 00:20:23,878
The sun bear

315
00:20:23,879 --> 00:20:27,878
has this cryptic character
that has never really properly

316
00:20:27,879 --> 00:20:29,678
been caught on film.

317
00:20:29,679 --> 00:20:33,039
Much of their life
is still a mystery.

318
00:20:34,039 --> 00:20:36,718
So to catch a brief glimpse
of a sun bear

319
00:20:36,719 --> 00:20:39,519
is really very, very special indeed.

320
00:20:41,479 --> 00:20:44,718
Sun bears are rapidly disappearing
from Asia.

321
00:20:44,719 --> 00:20:47,318
Their forest habitat is vanishing.

322
00:20:47,319 --> 00:20:49,119
Poachers are hunting them.

323
00:20:55,679 --> 00:20:58,438
This bear is Gordon's first success,

324
00:20:58,439 --> 00:21:00,239
but he still has work to do.

325
00:21:03,599 --> 00:21:06,839
He needs to find evidence that
there's a population of bears here.

326
00:21:12,519 --> 00:21:15,638
While Gordon continues his search
on the ridge,

327
00:21:15,639 --> 00:21:18,199
two miles south,
Justine scours the valley.

328
00:21:20,519 --> 00:21:23,839
This thing's very funny.
It just explodes.

329
00:21:32,279 --> 00:21:35,718
Justine is still looking
for wild cats.

330
00:21:35,719 --> 00:21:37,998
Lots of animals come to drink
at the river.

331
00:21:37,999 --> 00:21:39,718
The cats come here to hunt them.

332
00:21:39,719 --> 00:21:43,879
If she waits long enough,
she may catch them on film.

333
00:21:45,639 --> 00:21:47,838
The good thing is,
it's the dry season,

334
00:21:47,839 --> 00:21:51,638
so this river will attract
a lot of animals

335
00:21:51,639 --> 00:21:55,358
coming off the hills, especially
at night when it's cooler,

336
00:21:55,359 --> 00:21:57,959
or first thing in the morning,
last thing at night.

337
00:21:58,959 --> 00:22:02,879
Now she must wait.
She'll stay here for four days.

338
00:22:04,359 --> 00:22:06,638
You do need quite a long time
in the hide,

339
00:22:06,639 --> 00:22:08,918
because everything
has to settle down.

340
00:22:08,919 --> 00:22:10,238
You've got to get quiet

341
00:22:10,239 --> 00:22:15,158
and then everything that I may have
disturbed coming in here

342
00:22:15,159 --> 00:22:18,078
has to sort of calm down
and want to come back.

343
00:22:18,079 --> 00:22:21,398
With all of you lot leaving,
that will be really helpful,

344
00:22:21,399 --> 00:22:25,358
because things might get the idea
that the human commotion

345
00:22:25,359 --> 00:22:28,159
has all gone,
left back downriver.

346
00:22:30,759 --> 00:22:32,638
Cats are nocturnal.

347
00:22:32,639 --> 00:22:34,878
Justine must switch her body clock

348
00:22:34,879 --> 00:22:36,799
and be primed for nightfall.

349
00:22:47,719 --> 00:22:51,359
At the moment, it's really quiet out
there. I could hear a pin drop.

350
00:22:54,399 --> 00:22:57,319
Justine knows she must stay alert
night after night.

351
00:22:59,079 --> 00:23:02,038
And be prepared for her mind
to play tricks on her.

352
00:23:02,039 --> 00:23:04,638
WATER GURGLES

353
00:23:04,639 --> 00:23:08,598
The sound of the river
makes an ever-changing sound

354
00:23:08,599 --> 00:23:12,238
and sometimes it sounds like
something completely different,

355
00:23:12,239 --> 00:23:17,358
like voices or somebody creeping up
to the hide.

356
00:23:17,359 --> 00:23:19,479
It can get quite spooky.

357
00:23:21,839 --> 00:23:23,799
Justine settles in for a long wait.

358
00:23:34,559 --> 00:23:35,998
Back in base camp,

359
00:23:35,999 --> 00:23:38,278
the science team is making progress.

360
00:23:38,279 --> 00:23:41,319
They're cataloguing
several species an hour.

361
00:23:44,999 --> 00:23:48,799
For Darrin, that means regularly
checking his pitfall trap line.

362
00:23:53,639 --> 00:23:54,879
Big spider.

363
00:23:56,879 --> 00:24:00,558
And it's big
and I don't want to mess with that!

364
00:24:00,559 --> 00:24:02,199
Urgh! There.

365
00:24:03,439 --> 00:24:04,838
Look at that.

366
00:24:04,839 --> 00:24:09,679
I've got a nice centipede.
Wow, they're fast! Whoo-oh-oh!

367
00:24:12,879 --> 00:24:15,358
OK, look at this.

368
00:24:15,359 --> 00:24:16,598
Wow.

369
00:24:16,599 --> 00:24:19,998
I think what we've got here
is a snake.

370
00:24:19,999 --> 00:24:21,678
In fact, I know it's a snake,

371
00:24:21,679 --> 00:24:23,198
but it looks like

372
00:24:23,199 --> 00:24:27,278
a very rare kind of snake
called a blind snake

373
00:24:27,279 --> 00:24:29,798
and they're usually underground

374
00:24:29,799 --> 00:24:32,078
and I think because we did
a lot of digging here,

375
00:24:32,079 --> 00:24:34,638
we may have disturbed its burrow
and chased it

376
00:24:34,639 --> 00:24:38,238
up on the ground and caught it
in this pitfall trap.

377
00:24:38,239 --> 00:24:42,158
I am pretty excited about this,
because although I study mammals

378
00:24:42,159 --> 00:24:44,158
and small mammals in particular,

379
00:24:44,159 --> 00:24:47,038
I happen to know that this is
a spectacular find.

380
00:24:47,039 --> 00:24:50,558
Blind snakes, burrowing snakes,
you just don't find them

381
00:24:50,559 --> 00:24:52,358
unless you really do
a lot of digging.

382
00:24:52,359 --> 00:24:54,758
And we got very lucky, I think.

383
00:24:54,759 --> 00:24:56,398
Um...

384
00:24:56,399 --> 00:25:01,238
I can't remember
if these guys are venomous or not,

385
00:25:01,239 --> 00:25:04,238
so I want to put my glove on

386
00:25:04,239 --> 00:25:08,158
and I'm going to collect it
and show it to Ross.

387
00:25:08,159 --> 00:25:10,998
Wow, look at that thing!
All right, here we go.

388
00:25:10,999 --> 00:25:12,558
In it goes.

389
00:25:12,559 --> 00:25:13,918
I don't want to lose it.

390
00:25:13,919 --> 00:25:16,439
Got it in and I got it covered. Pow!

391
00:25:17,839 --> 00:25:20,758
Hey, Ross, I got something for you!

392
00:25:20,759 --> 00:25:24,198
What is it? In a tin?
Wait till you see this.

393
00:25:24,199 --> 00:25:25,719
That looks foreboding.

394
00:25:29,079 --> 00:25:30,518
Hang on.

395
00:25:30,519 --> 00:25:32,918
Do you want something
to open it with?

396
00:25:32,919 --> 00:25:35,078
Uh, yeah, here.

397
00:25:35,079 --> 00:25:37,278
Oh, my word!
Oh, it's one of the blind snakes!

398
00:25:37,279 --> 00:25:39,118
Yep.
Oh, my word, that's fantastic!

399
00:25:39,119 --> 00:25:42,038
Isn't it incredible? Yeah, yeah,
I've never seen one. No.

400
00:25:42,039 --> 00:25:45,238
Are these venomous? No, no, no, no.
Look at that, right?

401
00:25:45,239 --> 00:25:48,438
These are really difficult to find.
I know. They're underground.

402
00:25:48,439 --> 00:25:51,758
Yeah, yeah. Are they blind?
Yeah, almost completely blind.

403
00:25:51,759 --> 00:25:53,198
Almost completely blind.

404
00:25:53,199 --> 00:25:55,598
So I think they just rely on
just touch, really,

405
00:25:55,599 --> 00:25:58,039
and maybe vibrations in the soil.

406
00:26:01,039 --> 00:26:04,238
These things are very similar
to the ancestors

407
00:26:04,239 --> 00:26:06,038
of all the living snakes.

408
00:26:06,039 --> 00:26:09,158
You'd see that... You'd think that
was an earthworm, wouldn't you?

409
00:26:09,159 --> 00:26:11,158
Right, it looks very worm-like.
Yeah, yeah.

410
00:26:11,159 --> 00:26:13,838
Look at the way this is moving
here. I mean, it's difficult

411
00:26:13,839 --> 00:26:16,398
to make out which is the head
and which is the tail.

412
00:26:16,399 --> 00:26:20,318
You know, I think this to me
looks like some form of defence.

413
00:26:20,319 --> 00:26:21,718
I know this is an amazing find,

414
00:26:21,719 --> 00:26:24,718
but just how amazing is it?
I mean how...?

415
00:26:24,719 --> 00:26:27,638
So little is known
about these reptiles.

416
00:26:27,639 --> 00:26:31,478
I mean, you could find individual
species that are restricted

417
00:26:31,479 --> 00:26:34,358
to individual valley systems
like we are in at the moment,

418
00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:37,558
so there's every possibility
this could be unknown to science.

419
00:26:37,559 --> 00:26:40,318
That's a brilliant find. I know,
it's great. Awesome, yeah.

420
00:26:40,319 --> 00:26:41,558
Yeah, that's the best.

421
00:26:41,559 --> 00:26:43,959
Yeah, that's the best thing
I've seen so far.

422
00:26:45,599 --> 00:26:48,718
Unique creatures like this snake
can only survive

423
00:26:48,719 --> 00:26:51,079
if Burma chooses to save
its forests.

424
00:27:00,479 --> 00:27:02,518
Finding species new to science

425
00:27:02,519 --> 00:27:04,319
is a key part of the team's mission.

426
00:27:07,359 --> 00:27:11,159
And after four days,
the list is already looking strong.

427
00:27:13,759 --> 00:27:16,119
I don't like using the word
"cute", but that is cute!

428
00:27:25,799 --> 00:27:29,278
Up on the ridge,
Gordon is still searching for proof

429
00:27:29,279 --> 00:27:32,199
there's a breeding population
of sun bears here.

430
00:27:41,519 --> 00:27:44,918
Rather worryingly,
there's a fire that's sprung up

431
00:27:44,919 --> 00:27:46,718
just off this side of the ridge.

432
00:27:46,719 --> 00:27:49,118
CRACKLING AND POPPING

433
00:27:49,119 --> 00:27:50,718
You can hear it crackling away.

434
00:27:50,719 --> 00:27:52,919
That's all the bamboo
burning and popping.

435
00:27:55,239 --> 00:27:56,718
That's not good.

436
00:27:56,719 --> 00:27:59,278
The wildlife will be able to hear
that popping,

437
00:27:59,279 --> 00:28:01,878
they'll be able to smell the smoke
that's drifting through

438
00:28:01,879 --> 00:28:05,038
and they may well have headed out
of this area,

439
00:28:05,039 --> 00:28:06,638
but I think...

440
00:28:06,639 --> 00:28:09,038
I don't know.
I think it's worth taking the risk

441
00:28:09,039 --> 00:28:12,358
and just hoping that the fire
skirts round this side

442
00:28:12,359 --> 00:28:14,519
and that there are still some animals
up here.

443
00:28:24,639 --> 00:28:27,318
That is not good. OK.

444
00:28:27,319 --> 00:28:28,919
Whoa!

445
00:28:30,799 --> 00:28:32,118
That's going to cut us off.

446
00:28:32,119 --> 00:28:35,599
Right, quite seriously, we're going
to have to move pretty sharpish.

447
00:28:45,519 --> 00:28:47,278
We're heading back to base camp

448
00:28:47,279 --> 00:28:49,958
and the fire seems to be
blocking our way.

449
00:28:49,959 --> 00:28:53,358
It's to the right, ahead of us
and to the left of us,

450
00:28:53,359 --> 00:28:55,038
so I just want to move

451
00:28:55,039 --> 00:28:58,599
at least so I can see the flames
and see if we can get past.

452
00:29:00,199 --> 00:29:03,638
Oh, look at this.
This is all completely gone.

453
00:29:03,639 --> 00:29:05,679
Jeez!

454
00:29:09,759 --> 00:29:12,758
OK, it's right here.
Let's move off the path.

455
00:29:12,759 --> 00:29:15,398
We're kind of blocked in here. Um...

456
00:29:15,399 --> 00:29:17,159
BLEEP

457
00:29:19,959 --> 00:29:21,398
We've got fire in front of us

458
00:29:21,399 --> 00:29:23,639
and then fire here
and then fire behind us.

459
00:29:26,919 --> 00:29:28,598
BLEEP

460
00:29:28,599 --> 00:29:30,759
This way, this way.

461
00:29:36,679 --> 00:29:40,999
Actually, this is...
this is a safe zone.

462
00:29:42,479 --> 00:29:44,838
It's already been torched,

463
00:29:44,839 --> 00:29:46,998
so the fire's not going to come
through here

464
00:29:46,999 --> 00:29:50,319
and I think it's...
I think it's behind us.

465
00:29:51,319 --> 00:29:54,599
It's just clouds of smoke and burnt
bamboo floating up through the air.

466
00:29:57,639 --> 00:30:01,798
And that's the big danger...
Some of those bits of bamboo

467
00:30:01,799 --> 00:30:04,238
will be alight
and they drop somewhere

468
00:30:04,239 --> 00:30:07,038
and ignite a whole other part
of the forest.

469
00:30:07,039 --> 00:30:10,199
That's why it's so dangerous.
That's why we've got to get off here.

470
00:30:12,919 --> 00:30:15,639
The fire will drive
all the animals off the ridge.

471
00:30:22,999 --> 00:30:24,598
In many parts of Asia,

472
00:30:24,599 --> 00:30:27,558
hunters set fires
to catch rare species

473
00:30:27,559 --> 00:30:29,239
for the illegal wildlife trade.

474
00:30:33,919 --> 00:30:37,358
This fire
could have started naturally.

475
00:30:37,359 --> 00:30:39,399
It could have been started
by poachers.

476
00:30:41,359 --> 00:30:44,518
On this side, you can
hear the fire burning away,

477
00:30:44,519 --> 00:30:46,559
wood cracking and popping.

478
00:30:49,039 --> 00:30:51,398
On this side, you can hear

479
00:30:51,399 --> 00:30:54,518
all the noises of the jungle -
insects and birds.

480
00:30:54,519 --> 00:30:55,958
CHIRPING AND BUZZING

481
00:30:55,959 --> 00:30:59,958
You look out over this landscape,
it's all green and serene

482
00:30:59,959 --> 00:31:01,398
and on this side,

483
00:31:01,399 --> 00:31:05,198
you've got a fire that is hungry
and consuming the forest.

484
00:31:05,199 --> 00:31:08,598
And this is kind of where Burma
stands at the moment.

485
00:31:08,599 --> 00:31:10,998
This is Burma as it is at the moment,

486
00:31:10,999 --> 00:31:12,518
and this is the rest of the world,

487
00:31:12,519 --> 00:31:16,559
hungry and consuming,
wanting to eat up these forests.

488
00:31:28,279 --> 00:31:32,919
Less than a mile away, down in the
valley, life goes on undisturbed.

489
00:31:39,159 --> 00:31:43,279
Another day is over. The science
team takes stock of their progress.

490
00:31:45,759 --> 00:31:48,478
So far they have found 100 species,

491
00:31:48,479 --> 00:31:50,999
and two that are potentially
new to science.

492
00:31:54,039 --> 00:31:56,279
Is this from a dung beetle?
It is, yeah, yeah.

493
00:31:57,319 --> 00:31:58,878
This is a...
I think it's a dung ball

494
00:31:58,879 --> 00:32:00,878
made by one of the
elephant dung beetles.

495
00:32:00,879 --> 00:32:03,918
Inside, though, I think there's
either a larva or a pupa

496
00:32:03,919 --> 00:32:05,839
of the dung beetle.

497
00:32:07,359 --> 00:32:09,719
That's a beauty, isn't it?
Fantastic little thing.

498
00:32:10,919 --> 00:32:13,318
And what about these black tips
here on the fingers?

499
00:32:13,319 --> 00:32:15,838
I don't know.
I've never seen it on a toad before,

500
00:32:15,839 --> 00:32:18,438
but they feel almost
a bit like claws, don't they?

501
00:32:18,439 --> 00:32:20,878
Identifying animals
in the field is hard,

502
00:32:20,879 --> 00:32:23,558
so compiling the finished list
will take time,

503
00:32:23,559 --> 00:32:25,239
but the team's spirit is high.

504
00:32:26,239 --> 00:32:27,879
Exciting.

505
00:32:29,039 --> 00:32:30,598
So this is a false vampire bat?

506
00:32:30,599 --> 00:32:32,198
Yeah, false vampire bat.

507
00:32:32,199 --> 00:32:33,758
OK.

508
00:32:33,759 --> 00:32:35,758
It feeds on small mammals,

509
00:32:35,759 --> 00:32:38,998
fishes and large insects.

510
00:32:38,999 --> 00:32:40,718
Oh, really? Yes.

511
00:32:40,719 --> 00:32:43,599
Darrin also has a new mammal
to add to the list.

512
00:32:45,599 --> 00:32:48,998
You know what that is?
No. Some manner of rat?

513
00:32:48,999 --> 00:32:51,718
It's a bamboo rat.
I've seen bamboo rats,

514
00:32:51,719 --> 00:32:53,998
but this is the lesser bamboo rat

515
00:32:53,999 --> 00:32:56,918
and it's about half the size
of the ones that I've seen.

516
00:32:56,919 --> 00:32:58,558
Half the size? Yeah, yeah.

517
00:32:58,559 --> 00:33:02,198
This is a very small species
of bamboo rat

518
00:33:02,199 --> 00:33:03,958
and I've never seen these before

519
00:33:03,959 --> 00:33:06,279
and I was hoping to find one here,
and I have.

520
00:33:07,959 --> 00:33:09,718
I don't know what he was doing.

521
00:33:09,719 --> 00:33:12,478
Normally they're underground
during the day.

522
00:33:12,479 --> 00:33:13,958
They burrow under bamboo

523
00:33:13,959 --> 00:33:15,638
and they feed on bamboo roots

524
00:33:15,639 --> 00:33:17,718
and usually only come out at night.

525
00:33:17,719 --> 00:33:20,118
It's quite chunky as well, isn't it?

526
00:33:20,119 --> 00:33:24,718
They have massive heads and the
reason why their head is so big is

527
00:33:24,719 --> 00:33:26,438
it's almost all muscle,

528
00:33:26,439 --> 00:33:29,718
which is used to power those jaws
for digging.

529
00:33:29,719 --> 00:33:32,758
They can close the skin
behind their front teeth

530
00:33:32,759 --> 00:33:37,238
and they can actually dig
without ingesting any of the dirt.

531
00:33:37,239 --> 00:33:40,198
You see they have small ears,
which are almost completely buried,

532
00:33:40,199 --> 00:33:41,358
buried in their fur.

533
00:33:41,359 --> 00:33:42,838
They have very tiny, tiny eyes,

534
00:33:42,839 --> 00:33:44,998
because they don't need them
underground.

535
00:33:44,999 --> 00:33:47,158
Looks like a massive hamster.

536
00:33:47,159 --> 00:33:48,839
That's what it looks like!

537
00:33:57,199 --> 00:34:01,478
Upriver, Justine
is not having so much luck.

538
00:34:01,479 --> 00:34:03,798
She's spent two days in her hide,

539
00:34:03,799 --> 00:34:05,639
but seen no cats at all.

540
00:34:22,759 --> 00:34:24,398
It's the middle of the night

541
00:34:24,399 --> 00:34:27,078
and I'm finding it very hard
to stay awake now.

542
00:34:27,079 --> 00:34:28,638
Nothing has been going on.

543
00:34:28,639 --> 00:34:30,399
I haven't seen anything.

544
00:34:31,759 --> 00:34:34,518
And the chances of me seeing
something just sitting here

545
00:34:34,519 --> 00:34:35,838
is quite unlikely,

546
00:34:35,839 --> 00:34:37,478
so maybe it's more of a job

547
00:34:37,479 --> 00:34:41,078
for camera traps that can sit
out there for 24 hours a day

548
00:34:41,079 --> 00:34:43,479
without feeling tired like I am now.

549
00:34:56,799 --> 00:34:58,398
The next day,

550
00:34:58,399 --> 00:35:00,359
news of the ridge fire spreads.

551
00:35:01,599 --> 00:35:03,679
Gordon calls an emergency meeting.

552
00:35:04,919 --> 00:35:07,478
If the fire
was started deliberately,

553
00:35:07,479 --> 00:35:11,318
Salu's forests are in more danger
than anyone thought.

554
00:35:11,319 --> 00:35:13,479
Gordon wants to investigate.

555
00:35:17,519 --> 00:35:21,398
Justine will take over Gordon's hunt
for breeding sun bears

556
00:35:21,399 --> 00:35:23,558
as well as searching for her cats.

557
00:35:23,559 --> 00:35:26,598
That means setting
more camera traps -

558
00:35:26,599 --> 00:35:28,518
20 of them.

559
00:35:28,519 --> 00:35:30,678
With just five days left,

560
00:35:30,679 --> 00:35:33,278
the science team
must work even harder

561
00:35:33,279 --> 00:35:36,079
to make sure the survey
is as complete as possible.

562
00:35:48,839 --> 00:35:52,159
Gordon leaves base camp
to visit the region's head monk.

563
00:35:59,599 --> 00:36:02,919
SOFT CHANTING

564
00:36:04,759 --> 00:36:07,799
Buddhist monks play a vital role
in the community here.

565
00:36:15,999 --> 00:36:19,759
Gordon is hoping for information
on the fires and hunting in Salu.

566
00:36:29,239 --> 00:36:31,118
How many years
have you been living here?

567
00:36:31,119 --> 00:36:33,278
SPEAKS IN DIALECT

568
00:36:33,279 --> 00:36:35,598
Five years. So with your religion,

569
00:36:35,599 --> 00:36:37,598
what's your attitude

570
00:36:37,599 --> 00:36:40,558
towards the wild animals
that are living in the forest?

571
00:36:40,559 --> 00:36:43,599
TRANSLATION:

572
00:36:58,679 --> 00:37:01,878
On some of the ridges,
you can see the smoke and fire.

573
00:37:01,879 --> 00:37:04,359
Do you know where those fires
come from?

574
00:37:30,359 --> 00:37:33,599
It seems almost certain
the fire was started by hunters.

575
00:37:34,959 --> 00:37:37,358
Gordon leaves with a new mission -

576
00:37:37,359 --> 00:37:40,439
to find out how widespread
the animal trade has become.

577
00:37:44,319 --> 00:37:46,999
Back at base camp,
the survey team has work to do.

578
00:37:50,199 --> 00:37:53,559
Look at that. The colours
on these are just amazing.

579
00:38:01,959 --> 00:38:05,038
So far, they've recorded
150 bird species

580
00:38:05,039 --> 00:38:07,638
within a few hundred yards of camp.

581
00:38:07,639 --> 00:38:10,119
And they're still finding more.

582
00:38:21,319 --> 00:38:23,638
Some, like the pied hornbill,

583
00:38:23,639 --> 00:38:26,999
are a strong indicator
of an intact forest.

584
00:38:33,959 --> 00:38:37,759
It's a result that exceeds
everyone's expectations.

585
00:38:43,359 --> 00:38:46,358
Ross is targeting butterflies.

586
00:38:46,359 --> 00:38:49,918
They're a good measure
of the forest's diversity...

587
00:38:49,919 --> 00:38:51,359
if he can catch them.

588
00:38:59,359 --> 00:39:00,999
They're so quick!

589
00:39:03,399 --> 00:39:05,359
Ohhhh!

590
00:39:13,399 --> 00:39:16,519
See - look at that! That's fantastic.
I've never seen this before.

591
00:39:17,759 --> 00:39:19,518
This has got a crazy defence.

592
00:39:19,519 --> 00:39:23,078
It's pushed these huge plumes
out of its abdomen.

593
00:39:23,079 --> 00:39:25,318
It looks like two big pompoms.

594
00:39:25,319 --> 00:39:28,558
So these look like hugely specialised
anal glands that are...

595
00:39:28,559 --> 00:39:31,558
They must be emitting
some really noxious odour.

596
00:39:31,559 --> 00:39:33,398
So if anything tries to attack this,

597
00:39:33,399 --> 00:39:36,558
it's going to get a nose full
of whatever's being disseminated

598
00:39:36,559 --> 00:39:37,678
by these plumes here.

599
00:39:37,679 --> 00:39:41,318
And it's got these distinctive
white spots on the thorax

600
00:39:41,319 --> 00:39:42,838
and around the head.

601
00:39:42,839 --> 00:39:45,358
These all suggest that this is
going to be pretty noxious,

602
00:39:45,359 --> 00:39:48,478
so if anything tries to eat these,
it's going to be really distasteful

603
00:39:48,479 --> 00:39:49,758
and perhaps even poisonous.

604
00:39:49,759 --> 00:39:51,318
They're quite difficult to catch,

605
00:39:51,319 --> 00:39:53,639
so I'm pleased to have actually
snagged one at last.

606
00:39:57,439 --> 00:39:59,758
Ross is finding a wide diversity
of butterflies.

607
00:39:59,759 --> 00:40:02,759
There is a huge population
of them here.

608
00:40:06,679 --> 00:40:08,638
Now these ones...
This is interesting.

609
00:40:08,639 --> 00:40:11,638
When it's resting on the ground,
it mimics a dead leaf.

610
00:40:11,639 --> 00:40:14,078
That's fantastic camouflage.

611
00:40:14,079 --> 00:40:16,678
You can even see
on the hind wings here

612
00:40:16,679 --> 00:40:19,478
what looks like the stalk
of a dead leaf.

613
00:40:19,479 --> 00:40:21,878
Just the patterning
all over the leaf.

614
00:40:21,879 --> 00:40:25,718
You even get spots, what look like
fungal spots, on these.

615
00:40:25,719 --> 00:40:27,239
That's fantastic mimicry.

616
00:40:34,759 --> 00:40:35,919
Look at that.

617
00:40:37,239 --> 00:40:39,798
Now this one, believe it or not,

618
00:40:39,799 --> 00:40:44,918
makes its predators think
that its tail is actually its head,

619
00:40:44,919 --> 00:40:46,958
because it's got false eye spots

620
00:40:46,959 --> 00:40:49,319
and an also false antenna here.

621
00:40:50,959 --> 00:40:52,678
Now, a predator sees these

622
00:40:52,679 --> 00:40:54,158
and if it does attack,

623
00:40:54,159 --> 00:40:55,678
it might go for the tail,

624
00:40:55,679 --> 00:40:57,278
which can be sacrificed,

625
00:40:57,279 --> 00:40:58,638
instead of the head.

626
00:40:58,639 --> 00:41:00,359
This is a really good little find.

627
00:41:01,479 --> 00:41:03,038
In just 10 days,

628
00:41:03,039 --> 00:41:06,359
Ross has recorded
over 300 insect species.

629
00:41:11,039 --> 00:41:14,559
Proof that this forest
supports a rich web of life.

630
00:41:29,799 --> 00:41:32,439
But one vital element
of the survey is still missing.

631
00:41:33,679 --> 00:41:35,079
The wild cats.

632
00:41:45,079 --> 00:41:46,838
Justine has made no progress.

633
00:41:46,839 --> 00:41:50,799
It's possible the cats have already
been hunted out of the forest.

634
00:41:53,559 --> 00:41:55,879
All their hopes are pinned
on the camera traps.

635
00:41:59,239 --> 00:42:01,878
All right, and what have we got
here? Wow, look at that!

636
00:42:01,879 --> 00:42:05,438
That's a water monitor,
isn't it? That's huge.

637
00:42:05,439 --> 00:42:07,158
It looks like at least...

638
00:42:07,159 --> 00:42:09,078
These roots here.

639
00:42:09,079 --> 00:42:11,118
..six foot? Yeah.

640
00:42:11,119 --> 00:42:13,118
Could be, to the tip of its tail.

641
00:42:13,119 --> 00:42:15,878
Five. Yeah. All right, a civet.

642
00:42:15,879 --> 00:42:17,278
He's lovely.

643
00:42:17,279 --> 00:42:18,718
It's a large, large Indian.

644
00:42:18,719 --> 00:42:21,678
It's got very distinct markings
on the neck and the tail.

645
00:42:21,679 --> 00:42:24,438
So would they be eating rodents
and that sort of thing?

646
00:42:24,439 --> 00:42:28,119
It'd be eating whatever they...
whatever they can eat. Yeah.

647
00:42:29,439 --> 00:42:31,599
The cameras reveal
a rich food chain.

648
00:42:33,319 --> 00:42:35,318
There's plenty of prey for cats,

649
00:42:35,319 --> 00:42:38,119
but so far,
there's no evidence they're here.

650
00:42:42,719 --> 00:42:45,758
We haven't seen any cats
on the camera traps yet,

651
00:42:45,759 --> 00:42:48,719
but they must be out there.
Yeah, yeah, I agree.

652
00:42:56,199 --> 00:42:57,878
Cats are top predators.

653
00:42:57,879 --> 00:43:00,038
They perform an important role

654
00:43:00,039 --> 00:43:01,798
in the forest ecosystem.

655
00:43:01,799 --> 00:43:05,759
Without them, the balance of life
here will be affected.

656
00:43:12,159 --> 00:43:15,718
If hunters have already wiped out
some of Salu's rarest animals,

657
00:43:15,719 --> 00:43:18,359
the forest's future is uncertain.

658
00:43:26,639 --> 00:43:28,758
Following his conversation
with the monk,

659
00:43:28,759 --> 00:43:32,198
Gordon wants to find out how badly
Burma's forests

660
00:43:32,199 --> 00:43:34,158
are being hit by illegal hunting.

661
00:43:34,159 --> 00:43:37,599
He's come to a notorious
border town to investigate.

662
00:43:40,279 --> 00:43:43,678
I do feel really nervous
about coming here.

663
00:43:43,679 --> 00:43:46,918
This is called Special Region 4.

664
00:43:46,919 --> 00:43:49,558
It's a five-square-mile patch

665
00:43:49,559 --> 00:43:53,198
that is run by militia army,
Chinese gangs,

666
00:43:53,199 --> 00:43:56,078
and it's a place
without Burmese law

667
00:43:56,079 --> 00:43:59,239
and no international law here.

668
00:44:01,119 --> 00:44:02,678
Gordon is in Mong La,

669
00:44:02,679 --> 00:44:05,518
near the borders with Laos,
Thailand and China.

670
00:44:05,519 --> 00:44:09,559
It's thought to be one of the major
centres of wildlife trade in Asia.

671
00:44:12,919 --> 00:44:16,079
And Burma's forests
provide its main supplies.

672
00:44:19,039 --> 00:44:21,398
The demand for illegal wildlife

673
00:44:21,399 --> 00:44:25,558
is very much a black hole when it
comes to all sorts of animals.

674
00:44:25,559 --> 00:44:28,478
Animals that are used
in traditional medicines.

675
00:44:28,479 --> 00:44:32,278
There's lots of beliefs about the
properties that tiger bones,

676
00:44:32,279 --> 00:44:34,678
tiger skins,
lots of other wildlife have

677
00:44:34,679 --> 00:44:37,878
in Chinese traditional medicine...

678
00:44:37,879 --> 00:44:40,879
and most of it's absolutely bogus.

679
00:44:41,879 --> 00:44:44,478
What I really want to find
is just evidence

680
00:44:44,479 --> 00:44:48,239
of protected species being traded
in the market down here.

681
00:44:50,759 --> 00:44:52,958
It wouldn't be safe to film openly,

682
00:44:52,959 --> 00:44:55,759
so Gordon and the producer
wear hidden cameras.

683
00:44:59,479 --> 00:45:01,998
You can buy almost anything
in this market.

684
00:45:01,999 --> 00:45:04,118
Stalls of fruit and vegetables

685
00:45:04,119 --> 00:45:07,599
sit next to live forest animals
being sold as food.

686
00:45:14,999 --> 00:45:16,919
Are they leopard?

687
00:45:18,839 --> 00:45:20,479
What is it - leopard?

688
00:45:23,639 --> 00:45:25,919
Hmm. Wow.

689
00:45:30,279 --> 00:45:31,759
How much is it?

690
00:45:35,559 --> 00:45:37,159
What's that?

691
00:45:41,799 --> 00:45:44,359
Oh, elephant. Oh, that's a trunk.

692
00:45:46,839 --> 00:45:48,199
Jeez.

693
00:45:50,239 --> 00:45:54,118
That's really shocking to see
carved-up bits of elephant.

694
00:45:54,119 --> 00:45:56,958
Really shocking. I mean,
it's shocking to see all of it,

695
00:45:56,959 --> 00:45:58,598
but I think maybe just something...

696
00:45:58,599 --> 00:46:03,838
Yeah, you don't expect to see
an elephant hacked to pieces

697
00:46:03,839 --> 00:46:08,038
and showing up in the market,
sold off in...little slabs.

698
00:46:08,039 --> 00:46:10,638
Now, a lot of these sort of bones,

699
00:46:10,639 --> 00:46:12,358
the skulls of cats here,

700
00:46:12,359 --> 00:46:13,958
bear skulls in there...

701
00:46:13,959 --> 00:46:16,078
There's all these little skeletons.

702
00:46:16,079 --> 00:46:17,478
God knows what they are.

703
00:46:17,479 --> 00:46:21,118
When you think of this kind of
illegal trade in endangered animals,

704
00:46:21,119 --> 00:46:23,638
you think it's all kind of
completely undercover,

705
00:46:23,639 --> 00:46:26,358
but it's not - it's completely
out in the open here.

706
00:46:26,359 --> 00:46:28,638
It's as usual to see tiger parts

707
00:46:28,639 --> 00:46:32,158
as it is to see fruit and vegetables
being bought and sold.

708
00:46:32,159 --> 00:46:34,198
These things are bear...

709
00:46:34,199 --> 00:46:35,798
bear gall bladder.

710
00:46:35,799 --> 00:46:38,079
Oh, it's like these things
can cure some...

711
00:46:39,719 --> 00:46:41,198
..some kind of ailment.

712
00:46:41,199 --> 00:46:44,558
A lot of it, it's just about
you taking on the power

713
00:46:44,559 --> 00:46:46,839
of the animal you're consuming.

714
00:46:50,599 --> 00:46:54,639
It's just an absolute orgy
of animal parts.

715
00:46:56,199 --> 00:46:58,318
You know,
this is like every single...

716
00:46:58,319 --> 00:46:59,638
every single living thing

717
00:46:59,639 --> 00:47:03,558
that we see in the forest
can show up here...dead.

718
00:47:03,559 --> 00:47:05,718
And there's everything, absolutely...

719
00:47:05,719 --> 00:47:08,318
You know, there's not
a single species

720
00:47:08,319 --> 00:47:12,279
that isn't represented here
in some way, shape or form.

721
00:47:13,679 --> 00:47:15,719
It just really is so depressing.

722
00:47:20,959 --> 00:47:24,759
Further undercover filming reveals
an Asiatic black bear factory.

723
00:47:26,759 --> 00:47:29,959
The owners siphon bile from their
gall bladders twice every day.

724
00:47:31,879 --> 00:47:35,158
A kilo of bile can sell
for over 2,500 dollars,

725
00:47:35,159 --> 00:47:37,359
for use in Chinese medicine.

726
00:47:38,599 --> 00:47:40,159
It's a booming business.

727
00:47:54,959 --> 00:47:59,798
To supply this demand, they've got to
actually search a vast area.

728
00:47:59,799 --> 00:48:05,198
So pretty much, I'd say all of Burma
is suffering because of this market.

729
00:48:05,199 --> 00:48:06,798
It's not like growing vegetables,

730
00:48:06,799 --> 00:48:08,718
it's not manufacturing
cakes and sweets.

731
00:48:08,719 --> 00:48:10,638
This is a kind of limited resource

732
00:48:10,639 --> 00:48:13,638
and many of these animals
are on the very edge of extinction.

733
00:48:13,639 --> 00:48:15,118
There's absolutely no way...

734
00:48:15,119 --> 00:48:17,278
It's so depressing,
because there's no way

735
00:48:17,279 --> 00:48:19,558
that some of these animals
will sustain that.

736
00:48:19,559 --> 00:48:20,718
But it just seems...

737
00:48:20,719 --> 00:48:26,519
such a kind of monumental waste of...
of life.

738
00:48:28,839 --> 00:48:31,518
Demand for animal products in Asia
is increasing

739
00:48:31,519 --> 00:48:35,279
and the rarer the animal,
the more valuable it becomes.

740
00:48:36,359 --> 00:48:39,118
Burma's forests
will need rigorous protection

741
00:48:39,119 --> 00:48:40,999
if their wildlife is to survive.

742
00:48:51,559 --> 00:48:53,278
But the forests of Salu

743
00:48:53,279 --> 00:48:55,878
are isolated and hard to reach.

744
00:48:55,879 --> 00:48:57,919
Here, there's still hope.

745
00:49:10,599 --> 00:49:13,759
The survey has already revealed
a dazzling array of species.

746
00:49:14,879 --> 00:49:16,838
But now, with only one day left,

747
00:49:16,839 --> 00:49:19,239
Justine's mission is still in doubt.

748
00:49:20,319 --> 00:49:23,399
She needs proof that Gordon's
sun bears are breeding.

749
00:49:29,439 --> 00:49:30,958
Justine. What have you got?

750
00:49:30,959 --> 00:49:33,678
Yeah, here are some footprints
of sun bear.

751
00:49:33,679 --> 00:49:35,638
Ah, these are sun bear?

752
00:49:35,639 --> 00:49:37,398
Here is the hind leg.

753
00:49:37,399 --> 00:49:39,718
You can see the pad there,

754
00:49:39,719 --> 00:49:41,998
the length and the toes.

755
00:49:41,999 --> 00:49:44,999
And there's a left
and there's a right. Mm-hm. Yeah.

756
00:49:47,359 --> 00:49:50,398
It's a promising sign,
but she's no closer to proving

757
00:49:50,399 --> 00:49:52,719
there's a population
of sun bears here.

758
00:49:56,439 --> 00:49:58,759
And she still hasn't found
her wild cats.

759
00:50:02,799 --> 00:50:05,999
She heads out to make
one final round of the cameras.

760
00:50:08,679 --> 00:50:10,398
In the forest near base camp,

761
00:50:10,399 --> 00:50:13,679
Darrin is checking his pitfall traps
for the last time.

762
00:50:23,079 --> 00:50:24,319
OK.

763
00:50:26,999 --> 00:50:28,958
Oh, whoa, look at that!

764
00:50:28,959 --> 00:50:31,478
Right under the leaf!
There's a shrew.

765
00:50:31,479 --> 00:50:34,198
And this is one of
the bigger shrews.

766
00:50:34,199 --> 00:50:36,478
They could get half that size,

767
00:50:36,479 --> 00:50:39,238
less than half that size.
This one's fairly big.

768
00:50:39,239 --> 00:50:41,798
They're not rodents.
They're not mice.

769
00:50:41,799 --> 00:50:43,318
They have lots of teeth,

770
00:50:43,319 --> 00:50:47,118
but they're a tiny little predator
that's hunting insects.

771
00:50:47,119 --> 00:50:49,198
They have such a high metabolism

772
00:50:49,199 --> 00:50:51,678
that they really need to eat
every few hours.

773
00:50:51,679 --> 00:50:54,278
They need to eat constantly.
They wake up in the night,

774
00:50:54,279 --> 00:50:56,158
they wake up during the day.

775
00:50:56,159 --> 00:50:58,679
They're going where the insects are.

776
00:51:00,519 --> 00:51:03,678
It's not a species
Darrin has encountered before.

777
00:51:03,679 --> 00:51:05,359
It could even be new to science.

778
00:51:06,759 --> 00:51:09,158
It's impossible to know
what species it is.

779
00:51:09,159 --> 00:51:11,438
Very easily,
it could be something new.

780
00:51:11,439 --> 00:51:14,358
And actually, of all of the mammals
that I've seen here,

781
00:51:14,359 --> 00:51:18,279
this is the most likely to be
something completely unknown.

782
00:51:19,399 --> 00:51:21,678
I just want to get a little close
to this bucket

783
00:51:21,679 --> 00:51:24,958
and I just want to take this all in.
I just want to watch this guy.

784
00:51:24,959 --> 00:51:28,599
This is worth all of the effort
of putting these pitfall traps in.

785
00:51:31,879 --> 00:51:34,518
Finding a potential
new mammal species

786
00:51:34,519 --> 00:51:36,719
is very rare in the modern world.

787
00:51:42,959 --> 00:51:45,679
It highlights how important
these forests could be.

788
00:51:49,799 --> 00:51:52,158
When we first came here,
all we had was a blank page.

789
00:51:52,159 --> 00:51:54,798
We didn't have an idea of what
wildlife was going to be found.

790
00:51:54,799 --> 00:51:57,598
But look at this now - this massive
list of different animals.

791
00:51:57,599 --> 00:52:00,678
Mammals alone,
we've seen just over 30 species.

792
00:52:00,679 --> 00:52:02,198
Birds, just over 150.

793
00:52:02,199 --> 00:52:04,878
Then a huge number
of different arthropods -

794
00:52:04,879 --> 00:52:07,918
you know, insects and spiders,
that sort of thing.

795
00:52:07,919 --> 00:52:09,798
It's a really good diversity
of things.

796
00:52:09,799 --> 00:52:12,918
And I just think, you know, there's
so much more to find out here.

797
00:52:12,919 --> 00:52:15,438
You could spend months or even
years in places like this,

798
00:52:15,439 --> 00:52:16,919
just documenting the wildlife.

799
00:52:18,599 --> 00:52:21,198
The team has proof
the forest is diverse.

800
00:52:21,199 --> 00:52:24,558
But, without evidence
of breeding sun bears,

801
00:52:24,559 --> 00:52:27,118
clouded leopards and golden cats,

802
00:52:27,119 --> 00:52:30,078
their survey may not make
a strong enough impact

803
00:52:30,079 --> 00:52:32,039
with Burma's policy makers.

804
00:52:49,359 --> 00:52:51,519
It's the team's final night in Salu.

805
00:52:52,759 --> 00:52:54,238
Justine gathers the locals

806
00:52:54,239 --> 00:52:56,759
to watch the last
of the remote camera footage.

807
00:53:01,719 --> 00:53:03,198
It's a rare opportunity for them

808
00:53:03,199 --> 00:53:05,359
to see the animals
they share the forest with.

809
00:53:09,519 --> 00:53:10,958
Look!

810
00:53:10,959 --> 00:53:14,918
One, two, three, four, five, six,
seven, eight...

811
00:53:14,919 --> 00:53:16,558
nine...

812
00:53:16,559 --> 00:53:19,358
ten, 11...

813
00:53:19,359 --> 00:53:20,798
Another one!

814
00:53:20,799 --> 00:53:22,198
12.

815
00:53:22,199 --> 00:53:23,679
Ah, look!

816
00:53:25,359 --> 00:53:26,998
See?

817
00:53:26,999 --> 00:53:30,119
EXCITED CHAT AND LAUGHTER

818
00:53:35,799 --> 00:53:37,399
Macaques.

819
00:53:38,759 --> 00:53:41,798
They just love the macaques! They
just think they're the funniest.

820
00:53:41,799 --> 00:53:43,798
Oh, wild dog.

821
00:53:43,799 --> 00:53:45,078
Dhole, dhole.

822
00:53:45,079 --> 00:53:48,078
I mean, we've got the dhole here
and one's just lying on the path.

823
00:53:48,079 --> 00:53:50,158
The other one's
trying to bite the camera trap!

824
00:53:50,159 --> 00:53:52,279
And it's...

825
00:53:54,119 --> 00:53:56,039
You're just seeing a pack at work.

826
00:53:59,759 --> 00:54:02,718
Like the cats,
dholes are top predators.

827
00:54:02,719 --> 00:54:06,838
If they can live here,
perhaps the cats can too.

828
00:54:06,839 --> 00:54:08,718
Oh, it's having a good go!

829
00:54:08,719 --> 00:54:10,438
And it's...
SHE GROWLS

830
00:54:10,439 --> 00:54:12,399
..biting it.

831
00:54:14,279 --> 00:54:16,438
They're incredibly inquisitive,
aren't they?

832
00:54:16,439 --> 00:54:18,679
LAUGHTER

833
00:54:21,679 --> 00:54:23,199
Oh! Oh, look!

834
00:54:24,719 --> 00:54:26,159
Golden cat.

835
00:54:27,759 --> 00:54:29,438
He's beautiful.

836
00:54:29,439 --> 00:54:33,118
At last, the moment Justine
has been hoping for.

837
00:54:33,119 --> 00:54:35,599
An endangered Asian golden cat.

838
00:54:40,679 --> 00:54:42,758
Do they think...?
Do you think it's a tiger?

839
00:54:42,759 --> 00:54:46,399
No, no. Golden cat, yeah.

840
00:54:47,439 --> 00:54:50,158
Also known as the fire tiger,

841
00:54:50,159 --> 00:54:52,839
many revere it as the protector
of the forest.

842
00:55:02,199 --> 00:55:04,878
Yeah, they're beautiful.
The white tip on its tail.

843
00:55:04,879 --> 00:55:06,759
Isn't it pretty?

844
00:55:09,799 --> 00:55:11,078
Oh!

845
00:55:11,079 --> 00:55:13,519
Ooh! Clouded leopard.

846
00:55:17,319 --> 00:55:18,759
Mmm.

847
00:55:27,119 --> 00:55:28,399
Aaah!

848
00:55:39,039 --> 00:55:41,278
Clouded leopards are rarely seen,

849
00:55:41,279 --> 00:55:42,998
let alone filmed.

850
00:55:42,999 --> 00:55:46,119
They are fast vanishing
from the rest of Asia.

851
00:55:54,679 --> 00:55:56,158
Has anyone seen one before?

852
00:55:56,159 --> 00:55:58,598
No, they've never seen it.

853
00:55:58,599 --> 00:56:00,079
No?

854
00:56:03,399 --> 00:56:05,438
Two of Asia's rarest cats,

855
00:56:05,439 --> 00:56:08,079
caught on film in a single forest.

856
00:56:13,799 --> 00:56:16,479
Animals in desperate need
of protection.

857
00:56:22,279 --> 00:56:24,679
It's a powerful addition
to the survey.

858
00:56:27,279 --> 00:56:28,918
But the camera traps

859
00:56:28,919 --> 00:56:30,439
have another surprise in store.

860
00:56:31,959 --> 00:56:33,118
Oh!

861
00:56:33,119 --> 00:56:34,758
Two sun bear!

862
00:56:34,759 --> 00:56:37,478
Two together.

863
00:56:37,479 --> 00:56:40,838
Is that a male and a female?

864
00:56:40,839 --> 00:56:42,719
He's turned around
to look at the camera.

865
00:56:45,239 --> 00:56:48,398
Finding a pair of sun bears
is crucial evidence

866
00:56:48,399 --> 00:56:50,118
that they're breeding.

867
00:56:50,119 --> 00:56:53,439
Perhaps in these forests,
there is hope.

868
00:57:01,239 --> 00:57:04,639
The team has documented
some of Asia's rarest animals.

869
00:57:07,279 --> 00:57:10,158
They have proved that
Salu's forests are rich,

870
00:57:10,159 --> 00:57:11,358
diverse,

871
00:57:11,359 --> 00:57:13,279
and in need of protection.

872
00:57:17,039 --> 00:57:19,558
And they have seen first-hand
the dangers

873
00:57:19,559 --> 00:57:21,718
the forests face.

874
00:57:21,719 --> 00:57:25,518
The most important thing about
this place is that it is intact,

875
00:57:25,519 --> 00:57:29,598
it's special, it is so very precious

876
00:57:29,599 --> 00:57:31,518
and it needs to be protected.

877
00:57:31,519 --> 00:57:34,158
Elsewhere in Asia,
habitats are shrinking,

878
00:57:34,159 --> 00:57:37,318
species are being lost
at an alarming rate.

879
00:57:37,319 --> 00:57:40,758
If we want those species
to survive into the future,

880
00:57:40,759 --> 00:57:42,799
we need to provide them a home.

881
00:57:46,239 --> 00:57:48,639
The richness of Salu
is no longer in question.

882
00:57:49,759 --> 00:57:51,759
Its future is.

883
00:57:58,199 --> 00:58:01,518
Next time, the team embarks
on its final mission -

884
00:58:01,519 --> 00:58:04,358
the search for the most iconic
animal of them all...

885
00:58:04,359 --> 00:58:06,359
the tiger.

886
00:58:08,399 --> 00:58:10,358
HE SPEAKS IN DIALECT

887
00:58:10,359 --> 00:58:12,078
Is he saying that he saw it?

888
00:58:12,079 --> 00:58:15,958
These guys have seen a tiger walking
through their camp last night.

889
00:58:15,959 --> 00:58:18,039
That is...that's amazing!

890
00:58:29,319 --> 00:58:31,799
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