1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,692 (gun firing) (crowd cheering) 2 00:00:03,692 --> 00:00:07,667 The pursuit of AI is painted as an international race. 3 00:00:07,667 --> 00:00:10,310 Let me introduce the heavyweight contest 4 00:00:10,310 --> 00:00:12,183 between America and China! 5 00:00:18,520 --> 00:00:20,720 But is that the real picture? 6 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:23,243 Who will hold the real power over AI? 7 00:00:25,551 --> 00:00:28,551 {\an8}(suspenseful music) 8 00:00:44,498 --> 00:00:46,579 {\an8}And nothing but the truth. 9 00:00:46,579 --> 00:00:48,423 {\an8}Would you like some coffee? 10 00:00:48,423 --> 00:00:49,590 {\an8}Yes, please. 11 00:00:59,533 --> 00:01:02,660 Are you spying on me again? 12 00:01:02,660 --> 00:01:03,493 No. 13 00:01:04,999 --> 00:01:06,249 Liar. 14 00:01:07,535 --> 00:01:10,368 {\an8}(patriotic music) 15 00:01:24,782 --> 00:01:26,677 America is the most powerful nation in the world 16 00:01:26,677 --> 00:01:29,650 and in terms of AI technology, 17 00:01:29,650 --> 00:01:32,480 the U S is a heavyweight champion, 18 00:01:32,480 --> 00:01:35,570 but there are lots of other countries hot on her heels. 19 00:01:35,570 --> 00:01:38,763 So I'm here to find out what America is doing to stay ahead. 20 00:01:46,020 --> 00:01:48,590 The U.S. Defense Department has invested in AI 21 00:01:48,590 --> 00:01:51,200 for over 50 years and their agency 22 00:01:51,200 --> 00:01:54,563 that made those strategic bets is called DARPA. 23 00:01:57,110 --> 00:01:59,500 For over 60 years, DARPA, 24 00:01:59,500 --> 00:02:02,540 the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 25 00:02:02,540 --> 00:02:04,770 has funded breakthrough technology projects 26 00:02:04,770 --> 00:02:07,220 that have changed our world. 27 00:02:07,220 --> 00:02:09,740 Technology that DARPA kickstarted decades ago 28 00:02:09,740 --> 00:02:12,430 now forms the foundation of the internet, 29 00:02:12,430 --> 00:02:14,830 the Global Positioning System, GPS, 30 00:02:14,830 --> 00:02:17,680 self-driving cars, stealth technology, 31 00:02:17,680 --> 00:02:20,300 and even the computer mouse. 32 00:02:20,300 --> 00:02:24,530 DARPA invests billions in search of next generation AI 33 00:02:24,530 --> 00:02:27,763 and that could transform our world again. 34 00:02:28,780 --> 00:02:32,540 So we really see AI is making it possible for a machine 35 00:02:32,540 --> 00:02:35,620 to really start to function more as a colleague or partner 36 00:02:35,620 --> 00:02:37,143 than just merely as a tool. 37 00:02:40,720 --> 00:02:43,130 Do you regard that America 38 00:02:43,130 --> 00:02:47,720 is leading the world in AI know-how? 39 00:02:47,720 --> 00:02:49,170 We are a world leader. 40 00:02:49,170 --> 00:02:52,450 A lead can be very short lived 41 00:02:52,450 --> 00:02:54,780 and that's pretty much due to the democratization 42 00:02:54,780 --> 00:02:56,360 of technology throughout the world. 43 00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:58,720 Particularly in information technologies 44 00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:00,330 computer based technologies. 45 00:03:00,330 --> 00:03:01,490 I asked the question earlier 46 00:03:01,490 --> 00:03:03,430 because Vladimir Putin has been quoted as saying 47 00:03:03,430 --> 00:03:08,430 that the nation that leads in AI will rule the world. 48 00:03:09,220 --> 00:03:11,960 It's asking, say, I have Silicon transistor technology. 49 00:03:11,960 --> 00:03:12,940 I'm going to rule the world. 50 00:03:12,940 --> 00:03:15,560 I have AI technology, I will rule the world. 51 00:03:15,560 --> 00:03:18,300 By itself, it has no impact. 52 00:03:18,300 --> 00:03:21,639 You will need the human beings who will take it, 53 00:03:21,639 --> 00:03:24,917 understand how to incorporate it into bigger systems, 54 00:03:24,917 --> 00:03:27,130 understand how to then use those systems 55 00:03:27,130 --> 00:03:29,540 that start to make that big difference. 56 00:03:29,540 --> 00:03:31,916 So how does the USA maintain 57 00:03:31,916 --> 00:03:35,957 its technological advantage in terms of AI? 58 00:03:35,957 --> 00:03:37,507 But I think the United States 59 00:03:38,515 --> 00:03:41,320 is certainly has an excellent infrastructure or ecosystem 60 00:03:41,320 --> 00:03:44,070 that BA is able to pull that in 61 00:03:44,070 --> 00:03:47,793 and turn it into products and other types of applications. 62 00:03:48,676 --> 00:03:51,259 {\an8}(upbeat music) 63 00:03:57,543 --> 00:03:59,270 When it comes to taking advantage 64 00:03:59,270 --> 00:04:01,400 of the latest computer technology, 65 00:04:01,400 --> 00:04:04,623 that's a specialty of California's Silicon valley. 66 00:04:05,520 --> 00:04:08,320 From silicon microchips to personal computers, 67 00:04:08,320 --> 00:04:10,940 from internet companies to smartphones, 68 00:04:10,940 --> 00:04:12,650 Silicon valley has prospered 69 00:04:12,650 --> 00:04:17,470 by turning technology into consumer products for decades. 70 00:04:17,470 --> 00:04:19,313 The microchip was invented here. 71 00:04:21,421 --> 00:04:24,380 The valley is where John Markoff grew up. 72 00:04:24,380 --> 00:04:26,640 As a journalist, he's written about the tech industry 73 00:04:26,640 --> 00:04:28,560 for nearly 30 years. 74 00:04:28,560 --> 00:04:31,410 He's now a research affiliate at Stanford university, 75 00:04:31,410 --> 00:04:32,953 a cradle of AI. 76 00:04:34,650 --> 00:04:39,410 In 1964, a Stanford professor 77 00:04:39,410 --> 00:04:41,300 by the name of John McCarthy, 78 00:04:41,300 --> 00:04:43,210 created a research laboratory here 79 00:04:43,210 --> 00:04:45,900 called the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory 80 00:04:45,900 --> 00:04:47,680 and he was funded by the Pentagon 81 00:04:47,680 --> 00:04:50,240 and at that time he told his funders 82 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:53,910 {\an8}that it would take him 10 years to build a thinking machine. 83 00:04:53,910 --> 00:04:55,170 {\an8}He was a little optimistic. 84 00:04:55,170 --> 00:04:56,987 Yeah, a little bit late. 85 00:04:56,987 --> 00:04:58,129 It turned out to be a harder problem 86 00:04:58,129 --> 00:04:58,984 than he thought it was. 87 00:04:58,984 --> 00:05:00,420 So you go all the way back to 1980 88 00:05:00,420 --> 00:05:02,760 in Silicon valley in 1980 to 85 89 00:05:02,760 --> 00:05:04,990 and there was a mini boom in AI 90 00:05:04,990 --> 00:05:06,920 and everybody thought that AI was going to be 91 00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:09,100 the next big thing then and they were wrong. 92 00:05:09,100 --> 00:05:10,633 They were too early 93 00:05:10,633 --> 00:05:12,168 and so a bunch of companies were started 94 00:05:12,168 --> 00:05:14,440 and they all folded and it was called the AI winter. 95 00:05:14,440 --> 00:05:15,770 It's a boom and bust economy, 96 00:05:15,770 --> 00:05:17,390 and there's no reason that won't happen again. 97 00:05:17,390 --> 00:05:20,166 Now AI seems to be taking over the world. 98 00:05:20,166 --> 00:05:22,400 The valley sees a new idea, 99 00:05:22,400 --> 00:05:24,500 and everybody goes after that idea 100 00:05:24,500 --> 00:05:25,820 and that's what's happening with AI. 101 00:05:25,820 --> 00:05:28,290 Not only did you have an investment cycle 102 00:05:28,290 --> 00:05:29,987 with Silicon valley venture capitalists, 103 00:05:29,987 --> 00:05:32,250 but there was also a wave of Chinese investment 104 00:05:32,250 --> 00:05:33,083 into Silicon valley 105 00:05:33,083 --> 00:05:35,748 and you get both of those things together 106 00:05:35,748 --> 00:05:36,581 and you have this huge fire hose of money 107 00:05:36,581 --> 00:05:39,360 and so you have this really remarkable period. 108 00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:41,320 Would you prefer the future of AI 109 00:05:41,320 --> 00:05:44,200 to be dominated by Silicon valley 110 00:05:44,200 --> 00:05:47,200 rather than say China or Russia? 111 00:05:47,200 --> 00:05:50,000 Better that the technology is controlled 112 00:05:50,000 --> 00:05:53,570 by democratic country then non-democratic country 113 00:05:53,570 --> 00:05:56,010 but I actually think about it on a different axis. 114 00:05:56,010 --> 00:05:58,760 It's actually, are we going to these technologies 115 00:05:58,760 --> 00:06:00,010 to augment the human mind, 116 00:06:00,010 --> 00:06:01,770 or are we going to use it to replace the human mind? 117 00:06:01,770 --> 00:06:04,010 A lot of the best engineers in Silicon valley 118 00:06:04,010 --> 00:06:05,640 have that value set, 119 00:06:05,640 --> 00:06:07,640 that is that we want to use this technology 120 00:06:07,640 --> 00:06:09,913 to empower the best parts of humanity. 121 00:06:12,040 --> 00:06:14,840 But Silicon valley values can bump against 122 00:06:14,840 --> 00:06:17,193 the demands of America's military. 123 00:06:18,230 --> 00:06:21,341 In 2017, Google signed a contract 124 00:06:21,341 --> 00:06:23,390 with the Defense Department to provide its AI technology 125 00:06:23,390 --> 00:06:25,070 for project Nathan, 126 00:06:25,070 --> 00:06:27,010 where they would help them use machine learning 127 00:06:27,010 --> 00:06:29,390 to analyze drone footage, 128 00:06:29,390 --> 00:06:33,440 but 6,400 Google employees petitioned against it, 129 00:06:33,440 --> 00:06:37,153 demanding of the company, never build warfare technology. 130 00:06:40,660 --> 00:06:44,120 Back on the east coast, just outside Washington, DC, 131 00:06:44,120 --> 00:06:46,940 retired air force general Dr. Robert Latiff 132 00:06:46,940 --> 00:06:50,390 has a different perspective about what happened at Google. 133 00:06:50,390 --> 00:06:52,930 I think it was a bit hypocritical. 134 00:06:52,930 --> 00:06:56,500 {\an8}Google makes a lot of money selling things 135 00:06:56,500 --> 00:06:57,920 {\an8}to the Department of Defense 136 00:06:59,443 --> 00:07:01,060 {\an8}and to the intelligence community 137 00:07:01,060 --> 00:07:04,630 with cloud services and all kinds of software. 138 00:07:04,630 --> 00:07:06,197 When you think about it, 139 00:07:06,197 --> 00:07:10,640 what they backed away from was a specific project 140 00:07:10,640 --> 00:07:13,350 for a specific system. 141 00:07:13,350 --> 00:07:15,430 For a while, we've been investing 142 00:07:15,430 --> 00:07:17,910 in the scale of our computational architecture. 143 00:07:17,910 --> 00:07:20,560 So do you think, I mean despite that, 144 00:07:20,560 --> 00:07:23,000 these big tech companies will continue 145 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:24,820 to work with the American military 146 00:07:24,820 --> 00:07:29,190 in its AI tech initiatives? 147 00:07:29,190 --> 00:07:30,510 I absolutely do. 148 00:07:30,510 --> 00:07:32,700 They have responsibilities to shareholders 149 00:07:32,700 --> 00:07:34,830 and they're all good Americans. 150 00:07:34,830 --> 00:07:36,090 They're American companies. 151 00:07:36,090 --> 00:07:39,560 So do you think there is a global arms race 152 00:07:39,560 --> 00:07:42,228 going on right now in terms of AI? 153 00:07:42,228 --> 00:07:44,894 Yes, there is a big arms race going, 154 00:07:44,894 --> 00:07:49,004 particularly with, between the U.S. and China and Russia. 155 00:07:49,004 --> 00:07:51,780 All of those countries are spending 156 00:07:51,780 --> 00:07:53,760 an enormous amount of money, 157 00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:55,480 not only for civil applications, 158 00:07:55,480 --> 00:07:59,890 but also for defense and intelligence application. 159 00:07:59,890 --> 00:08:02,350 My opinion in the future artificial intelligence 160 00:08:02,350 --> 00:08:04,770 will help us decide what to do 161 00:08:04,770 --> 00:08:06,856 and what should our next move be, 162 00:08:06,856 --> 00:08:08,660 like a game of chess 163 00:08:08,660 --> 00:08:11,440 and then ultimately machines will actually do 164 00:08:11,440 --> 00:08:12,840 some of the fighting for us. 165 00:08:17,280 --> 00:08:19,950 Talk of an arms race worries me 166 00:08:19,950 --> 00:08:22,020 and I'm not the only one. 167 00:08:22,020 --> 00:08:23,470 In Cambridge university 168 00:08:23,470 --> 00:08:26,120 at the Center for the Study of Existential Risk, 169 00:08:26,120 --> 00:08:30,013 researchers are analyzing how AI could endanger the world. 170 00:08:31,770 --> 00:08:34,290 I think describing us as the worst case scenario guys 171 00:08:34,290 --> 00:08:36,690 is actually quite an apt description. 172 00:08:36,690 --> 00:08:39,130 {\an8}We're an interdisciplinary research center 173 00:08:39,130 --> 00:08:42,970 {\an8}focused on the biggest risks that we might face the century. 174 00:08:42,970 --> 00:08:44,840 How true or false is this narrative 175 00:08:44,840 --> 00:08:48,200 of nations being in this race to lead in AI 176 00:08:48,200 --> 00:08:49,630 and dominate the world? 177 00:08:49,630 --> 00:08:53,310 There's been a lot made of the quote by Vladimir Putin 178 00:08:53,310 --> 00:08:57,365 that whoever wins in AI or leads in AI rules the world 179 00:08:57,365 --> 00:09:00,030 but it often hasn't been mentioned 180 00:09:00,030 --> 00:09:01,925 that he said this to school children, 181 00:09:01,925 --> 00:09:04,320 and he followed up the initial line by saying, 182 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:06,360 if Russia was in this position, 183 00:09:06,360 --> 00:09:08,610 it would have a responsibility to share 184 00:09:08,610 --> 00:09:10,330 the benefits of AI with the world. 185 00:09:10,330 --> 00:09:12,950 So has it all been somewhat sensationalist? 186 00:09:12,950 --> 00:09:15,960 I think there's an element of sensationalism to it. 187 00:09:15,960 --> 00:09:18,788 We think that it's a rhetoric that might encourage 188 00:09:18,788 --> 00:09:20,660 coroner cutting on safety, 189 00:09:20,660 --> 00:09:22,960 and it might discourage the kind of 190 00:09:22,960 --> 00:09:26,100 global cooperative conversation that we think 191 00:09:26,100 --> 00:09:28,060 is really needed in order to make sure 192 00:09:28,060 --> 00:09:30,218 that the benefits of artificial intelligence 193 00:09:30,218 --> 00:09:33,750 are distributed internationally. 194 00:09:33,750 --> 00:09:36,370 The truth is the pursuit of AI 195 00:09:36,370 --> 00:09:38,623 isn't a winner takes all race. 196 00:09:39,486 --> 00:09:42,550 People across the world work together. 197 00:09:42,550 --> 00:09:45,453 They share ideas and spur each other on. 198 00:09:47,594 --> 00:09:49,220 {\an8}(foreign language) 199 00:09:49,220 --> 00:09:53,772 China plans to lead the world in AI by 2030. 200 00:09:53,772 --> 00:09:55,210 {\an8}(foreign language speaking) 201 00:09:55,210 --> 00:09:57,560 To digest the country's AI vision, 202 00:09:57,560 --> 00:10:01,813 I'll sample how China's become a hot pot for AI. 203 00:10:15,560 --> 00:10:17,896 Are you spying on me again? 204 00:10:17,896 --> 00:10:18,729 No. 205 00:10:18,729 --> 00:10:19,562 Liar. 206 00:10:20,677 --> 00:10:25,540 The U.S. leads the world in AI technology, 207 00:10:25,540 --> 00:10:28,110 but China aims to catch up. 208 00:10:28,110 --> 00:10:31,400 {\an8}In July, 2017, the state council of China 209 00:10:31,400 --> 00:10:33,070 {\an8}outlined a plan for their country 210 00:10:33,070 --> 00:10:37,020 to become the leading AI power by 2030. 211 00:10:37,020 --> 00:10:40,623 In China, AI is now a national priority. 212 00:10:52,470 --> 00:10:54,020 Before I go to China, 213 00:10:54,020 --> 00:10:58,140 I visit Oxford university's Future of Humanity Institute 214 00:10:58,140 --> 00:10:59,823 to speak with Jeffrey Ding. 215 00:11:01,120 --> 00:11:04,030 Jeff's been analyzing China's AI ambitions 216 00:11:04,030 --> 00:11:08,378 and wrote a paper deciphering China's AI dream. 217 00:11:08,378 --> 00:11:12,430 Why would China want to lead the world in AI? 218 00:11:12,430 --> 00:11:14,820 They see AI as the next industrial revolution 219 00:11:14,820 --> 00:11:16,970 {\an8}that is essential for countries to be 220 00:11:16,970 --> 00:11:18,995 {\an8}on the leading edge of. 221 00:11:18,995 --> 00:11:19,900 {\an8}So you capture the most gains, 222 00:11:19,900 --> 00:11:22,090 {\an8}you're on the forefront of what drives future economies 223 00:11:22,090 --> 00:11:23,590 and future technologies. 224 00:11:23,590 --> 00:11:26,240 So they see AI as this enabling factor 225 00:11:26,240 --> 00:11:27,930 that will allow them to climb 226 00:11:27,930 --> 00:11:30,740 the value chain for manufacturing, 227 00:11:30,740 --> 00:11:33,640 allow them to keep maintaining GDP targets 228 00:11:33,640 --> 00:11:36,950 with a declining labor force and aging populations 229 00:11:36,950 --> 00:11:38,510 and maintain performance legitimacy. 230 00:11:38,510 --> 00:11:42,720 You also have very important related objectives 231 00:11:42,720 --> 00:11:45,627 in the military space, maintaining national security, 232 00:11:45,627 --> 00:11:50,160 ensuring ways to better manage the population through data 233 00:11:50,160 --> 00:11:53,010 backed governance methods and then finally, 234 00:11:53,010 --> 00:11:55,250 the countries that are on the leading edge 235 00:11:55,250 --> 00:11:58,270 are viewed as more powerful or viewed as more influential. 236 00:11:58,270 --> 00:12:01,332 So there is that procedure and reputational element as well. 237 00:12:01,332 --> 00:12:03,999 {\an8}(upbeat music) 238 00:12:11,360 --> 00:12:13,960 In China, they're crazy about AI and robots. 239 00:12:13,960 --> 00:12:17,360 It's everywhere, even if you just want some hot pot. 240 00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:20,483 So let's check out this branch of Heikki Lau in Beijing. 241 00:12:32,328 --> 00:12:34,200 This looks like a laboratory, 242 00:12:34,200 --> 00:12:36,110 but no, there's no DNA of cave man, 243 00:12:36,110 --> 00:12:38,750 or a cure for cancer. 244 00:12:38,750 --> 00:12:41,850 What this is is like the distribution center. 245 00:12:41,850 --> 00:12:44,040 A robot arm grabs your order 246 00:12:44,040 --> 00:12:47,360 and a robot waiter serves it to you. 247 00:12:47,360 --> 00:12:51,027 {\an8}(foreign language speaking) 248 00:13:03,847 --> 00:13:06,250 Tibet's citizens experience the future 249 00:13:06,250 --> 00:13:08,710 of AI and smart technology. 250 00:13:08,710 --> 00:13:11,903 Chinese companies have built this smart town. 251 00:13:14,130 --> 00:13:17,543 Here you can experience a vision of banking with robots. 252 00:13:18,750 --> 00:13:20,165 Hello. 253 00:13:20,165 --> 00:13:23,832 {\an8}(foreign language speaking) 254 00:13:24,940 --> 00:13:27,313 {\an8}Thank you very much for the compliment. 255 00:13:35,350 --> 00:13:38,600 You can access this unmanned 24 hour smart shop 256 00:13:38,600 --> 00:13:39,733 with your face. 257 00:13:45,646 --> 00:13:46,646 {\an8}There we go. 258 00:13:47,990 --> 00:13:49,410 In we go. 259 00:13:49,410 --> 00:13:51,231 I want everything. 260 00:13:51,231 --> 00:13:53,814 (upbeat music) 261 00:13:57,040 --> 00:14:01,406 Chilies, let's get some chilies. 262 00:14:01,406 --> 00:14:03,989 (upbeat music) 263 00:14:07,963 --> 00:14:09,826 Oh right, I guess I forgot to pay 264 00:14:09,826 --> 00:14:11,673 for the chilies by scanning the code. 265 00:14:12,830 --> 00:14:16,120 Obviously this is pretty secure and pretty convenient 266 00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:20,923 and always remember, shop theft is a crime. 267 00:14:28,250 --> 00:14:31,375 This smart home has a smart fridge, 268 00:14:31,375 --> 00:14:35,913 smart climate control and even a smart toilet. 269 00:14:36,939 --> 00:14:40,606 {\an8}(foreign language speaking) 270 00:14:59,475 --> 00:15:01,030 And the exhibition used to include a spin 271 00:15:01,030 --> 00:15:02,403 in a driverless car. 272 00:15:03,460 --> 00:15:06,210 Oh, it's moving by itself. 273 00:15:06,210 --> 00:15:08,803 The steering wheel's moving by itself. 274 00:15:10,250 --> 00:15:12,740 Organizers say that 500,000 people 275 00:15:12,740 --> 00:15:14,670 have visited this smart town 276 00:15:14,670 --> 00:15:17,273 and many had been wowed by what's in show. 277 00:15:18,600 --> 00:15:20,484 {\an8}Do you think this is the future? 278 00:15:20,484 --> 00:15:24,151 {\an8}(foreign language speaking) 279 00:15:33,558 --> 00:15:37,060 Chongqing aims to be the largest smart city in Asia. 280 00:15:37,060 --> 00:15:39,660 With a population of 30 million, 281 00:15:39,660 --> 00:15:41,590 it's a treasure trove of data, 282 00:15:41,590 --> 00:15:43,230 but with so much of it all, 283 00:15:43,230 --> 00:15:45,760 it will take AI and machine learning 284 00:15:45,760 --> 00:15:46,960 to make sense of it all. 285 00:15:48,719 --> 00:15:51,302 (upbeat music) 286 00:15:57,451 --> 00:16:01,118 {\an8}(foreign language speaking) 287 00:16:04,450 --> 00:16:06,410 This big data exhibition center 288 00:16:06,410 --> 00:16:09,810 presents data drawn from all of Chongqing's districts. 289 00:16:09,810 --> 00:16:12,140 It consolidates data from government, 290 00:16:12,140 --> 00:16:14,973 business, community and traffic too. 291 00:16:15,885 --> 00:16:19,552 {\an8}(foreign language speaking) 292 00:16:32,730 --> 00:16:34,320 At the country level, 293 00:16:34,320 --> 00:16:37,120 Chongqing has to be defined at the only city 294 00:16:37,120 --> 00:16:39,839 {\an8}focused on big data and intelligence. 295 00:16:39,839 --> 00:16:42,780 {\an8}So the government has put a lot of resources 296 00:16:42,780 --> 00:16:44,223 in developing this. 297 00:16:48,305 --> 00:16:50,500 Chongqing's new area is attracting 298 00:16:50,500 --> 00:16:54,220 tech corporations and startups to set up outposts here. 299 00:16:54,220 --> 00:16:56,120 Officials say they want the area to be 300 00:16:56,957 --> 00:16:58,957 a knowledge hub for China's AI industry. 301 00:17:01,067 --> 00:17:04,734 {\an8}(foreign language speaking) 302 00:17:17,304 --> 00:17:19,860 At Yungtung, AI and big data analysis 303 00:17:19,860 --> 00:17:24,640 is transforming a major Chongching industry, logistics. 304 00:17:24,640 --> 00:17:26,930 Chongqing is a land transport and logistics hub 305 00:17:26,930 --> 00:17:28,350 for Western China. 306 00:17:28,350 --> 00:17:31,620 It has a crucial role in China's trillion dollar plan 307 00:17:31,620 --> 00:17:33,730 to reestablish the silk road 308 00:17:33,730 --> 00:17:36,840 and expand overland trade with other nations 309 00:17:40,170 --> 00:17:45,170 China's belt and road initiative could be empowered by AI. 310 00:17:45,228 --> 00:17:47,811 (upbeat music) 311 00:17:49,784 --> 00:17:53,451 {\an8}(foreign language speaking) 312 00:18:14,500 --> 00:18:17,879 To support growth and China's AI vision, 313 00:18:17,879 --> 00:18:19,810 Chongqing University of Technology 314 00:18:19,810 --> 00:18:22,896 launched an AI college and YongTong 315 00:18:22,896 --> 00:18:24,384 that just took in its first batch of students. 316 00:18:24,384 --> 00:18:28,051 {\an8}(foreign language speaking) 317 00:19:00,370 --> 00:19:02,720 This AI college was founded just a year 318 00:19:02,720 --> 00:19:04,420 after the central government announced 319 00:19:04,420 --> 00:19:06,820 its national AI strategy. 320 00:19:06,820 --> 00:19:08,720 The college has gained instant credibility 321 00:19:08,720 --> 00:19:11,040 by taking in established faculty members 322 00:19:11,040 --> 00:19:15,310 from Peking university and much investment from the state. 323 00:19:15,310 --> 00:19:17,820 At least half the students come from across China 324 00:19:17,820 --> 00:19:20,983 and admission is only for those with top tier grades. 325 00:19:23,351 --> 00:19:27,018 (foreign language speaking) 326 00:19:42,604 --> 00:19:45,260 China wants to be a world leader in AI. 327 00:19:45,260 --> 00:19:49,300 So how important is education in achieving this goal 328 00:19:49,300 --> 00:19:51,750 and from what you've seen of the students 329 00:19:51,750 --> 00:19:53,483 and the education system, 330 00:19:53,483 --> 00:19:57,099 is achieving this goal a reality? 331 00:19:57,099 --> 00:20:00,766 {\an8}(foreign language speaking) 332 00:20:11,990 --> 00:20:14,393 {\an8}AI dominance depends on very smart people. 333 00:20:15,420 --> 00:20:19,120 Alex B it has studied education systems around the world 334 00:20:19,120 --> 00:20:23,550 and says China will become the best in AI through education. 335 00:20:23,550 --> 00:20:26,860 Well, I think China has is a great basic education system, 336 00:20:26,860 --> 00:20:28,450 and they've just announced last year, 337 00:20:28,450 --> 00:20:31,240 this big AI education policy. 338 00:20:31,240 --> 00:20:33,310 So they're planning to build national institutes 339 00:20:33,310 --> 00:20:36,500 of artificial intelligence education across the country. 340 00:20:36,500 --> 00:20:38,760 They're bringing AI education into the curriculum 341 00:20:38,760 --> 00:20:39,800 for secondary schools. 342 00:20:39,800 --> 00:20:42,110 So kids in Shanghai, for example, 343 00:20:42,110 --> 00:20:43,890 know three years more maths 344 00:20:43,890 --> 00:20:46,500 and one and a half years more science than kids in the UK. 345 00:20:46,500 --> 00:20:50,450 Why is education the key to winning this long race 346 00:20:50,450 --> 00:20:52,800 towards AI dominance? 347 00:20:52,800 --> 00:20:55,830 There is a Chinese saying which I really like, 348 00:20:55,830 --> 00:20:57,943 that if your plan is for one year plant rice, 349 00:20:57,943 --> 00:21:00,417 if your plan is for 10 years, plant trees, 350 00:21:00,417 --> 00:21:03,123 and if your plan is for 100 years, educate children. 351 00:21:04,206 --> 00:21:09,206 China's AI industry is getting involved in education too. 352 00:21:09,940 --> 00:21:13,350 This high school textbook about AI fundamentals 353 00:21:13,350 --> 00:21:15,440 was released by one of China's leading 354 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:17,620 AI startups, Sensetime. 355 00:21:18,900 --> 00:21:23,900 Usually it takes about five or six years to produce a PhD. 356 00:21:24,296 --> 00:21:26,697 So we've figured, instead of saying 357 00:21:26,697 --> 00:21:30,140 {\an8}you can only learn about AI in college, 358 00:21:30,140 --> 00:21:32,780 {\an8}you can actually learn when you're in high school. 359 00:21:32,780 --> 00:21:35,450 The textbook was implemented today in 360 00:21:35,450 --> 00:21:40,030 about 100 top high schools in China. 361 00:21:40,030 --> 00:21:42,540 In 2018, Sensetime was the world's 362 00:21:42,540 --> 00:21:45,090 highest valued AI startup valued 363 00:21:45,090 --> 00:21:46,740 at over 4.5 billion U.S. dollars. 364 00:21:48,310 --> 00:21:51,520 With supercomputing and its own deep learning platform, 365 00:21:51,520 --> 00:21:54,130 Sensetime can identify multiple people 366 00:21:54,130 --> 00:21:56,150 and objects in real time. 367 00:21:56,150 --> 00:21:58,280 It's helping its customers with security, 368 00:21:58,280 --> 00:22:00,730 governance and traffic control. 369 00:22:00,730 --> 00:22:04,356 {\an8}Our customers can use this to find the traffic jam 370 00:22:04,356 --> 00:22:06,604 {\an8}or traffic accidents 371 00:22:06,604 --> 00:22:10,070 {\an8}and we can tell which ones whose responsibility 372 00:22:10,070 --> 00:22:11,701 {\an8}it is in the traffic accident. 373 00:22:11,701 --> 00:22:14,093 Oh, that looks real close. 374 00:22:16,720 --> 00:22:18,020 Oh, he almost hit someone. 375 00:22:18,940 --> 00:22:20,190 Actually this is the, 376 00:22:20,190 --> 00:22:22,550 China's the perfect place to see this sort of thing, 377 00:22:22,550 --> 00:22:26,420 because the way people drive here is very scary. 378 00:22:26,420 --> 00:22:27,253 It's like that. 379 00:22:30,010 --> 00:22:33,062 China has made international headlines 380 00:22:33,062 --> 00:22:35,640 for its advanced use of facial recognition 381 00:22:35,640 --> 00:22:39,110 using an extensive network of CCTV cameras, 382 00:22:39,110 --> 00:22:42,730 authorities have managed to locate long lost fugitives 383 00:22:42,730 --> 00:22:44,926 and even missing children, 384 00:22:44,926 --> 00:22:49,926 but some question if powerful AI should be used 385 00:22:50,336 --> 00:22:52,255 to watch over citizens. 386 00:22:52,255 --> 00:22:54,838 (upbeat music) 387 00:22:57,710 --> 00:23:00,320 All countries have to survey their societies. 388 00:23:00,320 --> 00:23:03,160 We have CCTV cameras in order to look out for risky 389 00:23:03,160 --> 00:23:07,168 or criminal behavior that can be harmful to general society 390 00:23:07,168 --> 00:23:10,019 but the problem with artificial intelligence 391 00:23:10,019 --> 00:23:11,870 {\an8}when it's applied to surveillance 392 00:23:11,870 --> 00:23:13,890 {\an8}is that it becomes extremely excessive. 393 00:23:13,890 --> 00:23:15,440 {\an8}Very. 394 00:23:15,440 --> 00:23:16,273 Invasive. 395 00:23:16,273 --> 00:23:19,270 Exactly, and that concerns with certain countries, 396 00:23:19,270 --> 00:23:23,194 which are a little bit undemocratic like Russia and China 397 00:23:23,194 --> 00:23:28,194 that may seek to use AI driven surveillance in a way 398 00:23:28,450 --> 00:23:31,120 which is generally not acceptable to other countries. 399 00:23:31,120 --> 00:23:32,280 Big brother style. 400 00:23:32,280 --> 00:23:33,703 Exactly. 401 00:23:33,703 --> 00:23:37,380 So I've explored how AI could empower nations, 402 00:23:37,380 --> 00:23:40,360 but could AI disempower workers? 403 00:23:40,360 --> 00:23:42,423 It's really scary. 404 00:23:43,437 --> 00:23:45,369 I think a lot of people would think 405 00:23:45,369 --> 00:23:46,202 about mass unemployment, 406 00:23:47,366 --> 00:23:49,370 but I read that Sweden isn't afraid of that. 407 00:23:49,370 --> 00:23:50,213 Is that true? 408 00:24:00,823 --> 00:24:03,163 Are you spying on me again? 409 00:24:03,163 --> 00:24:03,996 No. 410 00:24:03,996 --> 00:24:04,829 Liar. 411 00:24:10,250 --> 00:24:12,830 I would hate to lose my job and be replaced 412 00:24:12,830 --> 00:24:15,020 by a robot or AI. 413 00:24:15,020 --> 00:24:17,476 Will AI disempower workers? 414 00:24:17,476 --> 00:24:20,059 (upbeat music) 415 00:24:30,700 --> 00:24:32,640 Michael Chewy's a researcher who worked 416 00:24:32,640 --> 00:24:34,920 on a disturbing eye-catching report 417 00:24:34,920 --> 00:24:37,003 for McKinsey Global Institute. 418 00:24:38,240 --> 00:24:41,960 The December 2017 report said that AI and automation 419 00:24:41,960 --> 00:24:46,390 would make 75 to 375 million workers switch job tasks 420 00:24:46,390 --> 00:24:49,327 by the year 2013. 421 00:24:49,327 --> 00:24:51,860 I think a lot of people when they think 422 00:24:51,860 --> 00:24:56,306 {\an8}about AI and robotics, think about mass unemployment. 423 00:24:56,306 --> 00:24:58,580 {\an8}They think about people losing their jobs 424 00:24:58,580 --> 00:25:02,021 and by the way, that likely will happen going forward 425 00:25:02,021 --> 00:25:03,420 but that's not new. 426 00:25:03,420 --> 00:25:05,520 I mean, we've actually seen in history, 427 00:25:05,520 --> 00:25:08,500 here in the United States in 1900, 428 00:25:08,500 --> 00:25:11,570 40% of the U.S. workforce was involved in agriculture 429 00:25:11,570 --> 00:25:14,020 and 70 years later, it was about 2%. 430 00:25:14,020 --> 00:25:16,430 Well, we don't have 35% unemployment here 431 00:25:16,430 --> 00:25:18,560 because we've created new activities 432 00:25:18,560 --> 00:25:20,740 to pay people to do over time 433 00:25:20,740 --> 00:25:22,600 and I think what we've seen in our research 434 00:25:22,600 --> 00:25:24,210 is that there definitely are scenarios 435 00:25:24,210 --> 00:25:25,810 where even going forward, 436 00:25:25,810 --> 00:25:27,700 there'll be enough work for people to do. 437 00:25:27,700 --> 00:25:30,670 So the shift in mindset is not as much 438 00:25:30,670 --> 00:25:33,150 to worry about mass unemployment, 439 00:25:33,150 --> 00:25:35,760 but really to take that problem solving mindset 440 00:25:35,760 --> 00:25:38,160 to how do we do mass redeployment? 441 00:25:38,160 --> 00:25:39,970 We think it's one of the grand challenges 442 00:25:39,970 --> 00:25:41,443 of the next few decades. 443 00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:46,870 Reports say that AI and automation 444 00:25:46,870 --> 00:25:50,780 could displace hundreds of millions of jobs 445 00:25:50,780 --> 00:25:53,520 but I read that Sweden isn't afraid of that. 446 00:25:53,520 --> 00:25:55,000 Is that true? 447 00:25:55,000 --> 00:25:57,263 What do they know that we don't? 448 00:26:02,620 --> 00:26:05,560 We know Sweden through it's world famous brands, 449 00:26:05,560 --> 00:26:09,120 Ikea, H and M, Volvo, Absolute. 450 00:26:09,120 --> 00:26:10,450 The list goes on. 451 00:26:10,450 --> 00:26:14,620 For a country of just approximately 10 million people, 452 00:26:14,620 --> 00:26:17,080 the Swedes really pack a punch when it comes 453 00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:19,323 to innovation and enterprise. 454 00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:30,070 To understand how Swedes approach technology, 455 00:26:30,070 --> 00:26:33,020 I visit the epicenter in Stockholm. 456 00:26:33,020 --> 00:26:36,300 It may look like yet another hip coworking space, 457 00:26:36,300 --> 00:26:39,010 but its staff and members have embedded microchips 458 00:26:39,010 --> 00:26:42,643 in their hands that opened the door to new possibilities. 459 00:26:43,499 --> 00:26:45,323 Now I never forget my keys. 460 00:26:46,240 --> 00:26:48,560 You just swipe the door and off we go. 461 00:26:48,560 --> 00:26:50,230 Welcome to the center. 462 00:26:50,230 --> 00:26:51,063 Thank you. 463 00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:58,110 My host is epicenter's chief disruption officer 464 00:26:58,110 --> 00:26:59,720 Hanace Weber. 465 00:26:59,720 --> 00:27:03,680 So I swipe my chip here and here we go. 466 00:27:03,680 --> 00:27:06,140 Can I treat you to a sparkling water? 467 00:27:06,140 --> 00:27:06,973 Of course. 468 00:27:06,973 --> 00:27:07,930 Thank you very much. 469 00:27:07,930 --> 00:27:09,860 So that was the transaction. 470 00:27:09,860 --> 00:27:11,041 Okay. 471 00:27:11,041 --> 00:27:11,990 And the chip goes in my wallet. 472 00:27:11,990 --> 00:27:13,490 So this is a pretty neat pack. 473 00:27:22,465 --> 00:27:23,810 What I have here is a little implant, 474 00:27:23,810 --> 00:27:26,163 which is about the size of a grain of rice. 475 00:27:27,110 --> 00:27:29,150 Yes, it is a little bit. 476 00:27:29,150 --> 00:27:31,544 A little hard thing and if you want to have a look, 477 00:27:31,544 --> 00:27:32,740 this is what it looks like. 478 00:27:32,740 --> 00:27:34,935 Okay, so this is it. 479 00:27:34,935 --> 00:27:36,310 It's not more dramatic to put it in your hand 480 00:27:36,310 --> 00:27:38,520 than it is to, for example, get an earring. 481 00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:40,440 The only thing is that this is a smart technology 482 00:27:40,440 --> 00:27:42,850 because it has the capacities of a badge 483 00:27:42,850 --> 00:27:47,640 or I mean a plastic card that uses NFC technology, 484 00:27:47,640 --> 00:27:49,290 which is near field communication. 485 00:27:49,290 --> 00:27:52,420 It turns out that if you put a little chip implant 486 00:27:52,420 --> 00:27:54,480 in your hand, it gives you a lot 487 00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:56,389 of fascinating abilities. 488 00:27:56,389 --> 00:27:58,260 For example? 489 00:27:58,260 --> 00:28:01,050 Well, I have my business cards in my chips, 490 00:28:01,050 --> 00:28:02,820 so I never run out of business cards, 491 00:28:02,820 --> 00:28:04,960 but I can also use this around Sweden 492 00:28:04,960 --> 00:28:07,270 in different shops to get discounts. 493 00:28:07,270 --> 00:28:10,470 I can ride trains all over Sweden using this as my ticket. 494 00:28:10,470 --> 00:28:12,400 I can just swipe my hand at the turnstiles. 495 00:28:12,400 --> 00:28:14,260 And how open are your colleagues 496 00:28:14,260 --> 00:28:19,200 and fellow Swedes to this concept? 497 00:28:19,200 --> 00:28:21,520 A lot of people here at epicenter 498 00:28:21,520 --> 00:28:23,630 are experimenting with these implants 499 00:28:23,630 --> 00:28:26,140 and when we host our, after works here, 500 00:28:26,140 --> 00:28:28,460 sometimes we have a piercer come to do implants, 501 00:28:28,460 --> 00:28:30,948 and there's always a lot of people 502 00:28:30,948 --> 00:28:31,781 that turn up to get implanted. 503 00:28:32,722 --> 00:28:34,550 So by now we've implanted thousands 504 00:28:34,550 --> 00:28:36,280 of people at these different events. 505 00:28:36,280 --> 00:28:38,070 I think Sweden is a country where people 506 00:28:38,070 --> 00:28:40,450 are quite tech savvy and that makes 507 00:28:40,450 --> 00:28:43,280 it easier for them to adopt and understand new technologies. 508 00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:44,860 Perhaps we trust our institutions 509 00:28:44,860 --> 00:28:45,910 a lot here in Sweden. 510 00:28:47,760 --> 00:28:49,540 The fact that there are quite a lot of Swedes 511 00:28:49,540 --> 00:28:51,120 who are very open to this idea, 512 00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:53,847 shows that there is quite a bit of trust 513 00:28:53,847 --> 00:28:58,473 between them and companies and the government. 514 00:29:07,449 --> 00:29:10,070 Swedes trust the government so much 515 00:29:10,070 --> 00:29:13,010 that they pay over 50% income tax. 516 00:29:13,010 --> 00:29:15,480 In return citizens expect the government 517 00:29:15,480 --> 00:29:19,683 to provide social welfare, services and a safety net. 518 00:29:34,400 --> 00:29:37,210 The Swedish government says its national AI strategy 519 00:29:37,210 --> 00:29:40,800 will enhance both the economy and people's welfare. 520 00:29:40,800 --> 00:29:42,400 They've appointed Asa Zetterberg 521 00:29:43,612 --> 00:29:46,362 to push for the plan as Sweden's chief digital officer. 522 00:29:48,330 --> 00:29:51,850 This new role actually, so it's pretty much challenging, 523 00:29:51,850 --> 00:29:55,220 {\an8}but of course it's a unique role to drive 524 00:29:55,220 --> 00:29:58,030 {\an8}the digital transformation for Sweden. 525 00:29:58,030 --> 00:30:01,010 There are lots of reports out there saying that with AI, 526 00:30:01,010 --> 00:30:03,410 millions of jobs are going to be lost 527 00:30:03,410 --> 00:30:06,330 and recently there was an article in the New York Times, 528 00:30:06,330 --> 00:30:10,413 it said the robots are coming and Sweden is fine. 529 00:30:10,413 --> 00:30:14,820 Are the Swedes really quite open to it 530 00:30:14,820 --> 00:30:19,100 because they think that the companies and society 531 00:30:19,100 --> 00:30:21,230 will train them in new jobs? 532 00:30:21,230 --> 00:30:22,900 Are they quite confident about that? 533 00:30:22,900 --> 00:30:27,430 We have a history of making it work. 534 00:30:27,430 --> 00:30:30,420 Since we have quite a well big welfare system 535 00:30:30,420 --> 00:30:33,620 and everything and maybe that's something that people feel, 536 00:30:33,620 --> 00:30:36,070 feel trust that we will be taken care of. 537 00:30:36,070 --> 00:30:39,730 We understand the facts that we can't really resist it. 538 00:30:39,730 --> 00:30:42,550 We can make good use of it and by doing that, 539 00:30:42,550 --> 00:30:44,900 Sweden could be really competitive 540 00:30:44,900 --> 00:30:46,770 on an international level. 541 00:30:46,770 --> 00:30:51,150 By being only afraid or being like sitting 542 00:30:51,150 --> 00:30:54,130 still that's more scary. 543 00:30:54,130 --> 00:30:56,040 The Swedes are fairly open to it. 544 00:30:56,040 --> 00:30:59,700 Or has there been quite a bit of resistance towards 545 00:30:59,700 --> 00:31:01,390 artificial intelligence? 546 00:31:01,390 --> 00:31:02,710 It's not an easy to say, 547 00:31:02,710 --> 00:31:05,050 but we are also critical and that's good. 548 00:31:05,050 --> 00:31:08,530 We need to have the capacity to think what is good and bad 549 00:31:08,530 --> 00:31:10,490 and how do we do the best out of this? 550 00:31:13,350 --> 00:31:16,040 The Swedish government seems keen on AI, 551 00:31:16,040 --> 00:31:19,563 but what do Stockholm residents think about AI? 552 00:31:21,020 --> 00:31:23,680 {\an8}I think it's a little bit scary. 553 00:31:23,680 --> 00:31:26,008 Right now we have the control, 554 00:31:26,008 --> 00:31:28,040 but if we just keep doing what we're doing, 555 00:31:28,040 --> 00:31:32,200 they will be more intelligent and eventually take over. 556 00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:34,480 AI is already taking over jobs. 557 00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:36,760 {\an8}At some supermarkets, why have surgeons 558 00:31:36,760 --> 00:31:38,640 {\an8}when you can have a robot with exact precision? 559 00:31:38,640 --> 00:31:43,640 {\an8}Or I can also be a provider for the future 560 00:31:44,140 --> 00:31:47,590 {\an8}so people can get other jobs. 561 00:31:47,590 --> 00:31:49,680 Your jobs were displaced. 562 00:31:49,680 --> 00:31:53,450 Do you trust your government in retraining you? 563 00:31:53,450 --> 00:31:55,070 I don't really think I would trust them. 564 00:31:55,070 --> 00:31:56,850 Swedish people like to educate 565 00:31:56,850 --> 00:32:00,520 and learn more about internet and technology. 566 00:32:00,520 --> 00:32:02,540 So whose responsibility is it? 567 00:32:02,540 --> 00:32:04,020 Is it the government? 568 00:32:04,020 --> 00:32:06,301 Is it your company's responsibility? 569 00:32:06,301 --> 00:32:08,200 Everyone takes, 570 00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:10,060 but you need help and you need structure 571 00:32:10,060 --> 00:32:13,000 and you need relationship support that enable you 572 00:32:13,000 --> 00:32:16,183 to be the best you in your career and your everyday life. 573 00:32:20,220 --> 00:32:21,053 But at this point in time, 574 00:32:21,053 --> 00:32:24,210 I think they're still finding how to embrace this technology 575 00:32:24,210 --> 00:32:27,893 and also look out for their own people. 576 00:32:28,860 --> 00:32:31,413 I mean, it's not some AI utopia here. 577 00:32:33,120 --> 00:32:35,380 While society navigates AI's 578 00:32:35,380 --> 00:32:38,570 pros and cons for some Swedish companies, 579 00:32:38,570 --> 00:32:40,820 AI could be like jet fuel. 580 00:32:40,820 --> 00:32:42,800 I'm in the flight simulator of a Grippin, 581 00:32:42,800 --> 00:32:44,300 which is one of the world's most advanced, 582 00:32:44,300 --> 00:32:46,770 if not the world's most advanced fighter jet. 583 00:32:46,770 --> 00:32:49,784 So ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seatbelts. 584 00:32:49,784 --> 00:32:52,573 We're in for a bumpy ride. 585 00:32:58,326 --> 00:32:59,820 The Grippin is designed by Saab, 586 00:32:59,820 --> 00:33:02,680 a Swedish aerospace and defense company. 587 00:33:02,680 --> 00:33:05,730 Saab was founded in 1937 to develop 588 00:33:05,730 --> 00:33:07,690 Sweden's first fighter plane 589 00:33:07,690 --> 00:33:10,460 when no one would sell them one. 590 00:33:10,460 --> 00:33:12,264 Yes, let's do a loop. 591 00:33:12,264 --> 00:33:13,237 Let's do a loop. 592 00:33:13,237 --> 00:33:14,110 Let's do a loop. 593 00:33:14,110 --> 00:33:14,943 Okay, here we go. 594 00:33:14,943 --> 00:33:15,776 One, two, three. 595 00:33:25,620 --> 00:33:27,540 Fighter jets like the grip and showcase, 596 00:33:27,540 --> 00:33:30,350 Sweden's determination to innovate with cutting edge 597 00:33:30,350 --> 00:33:32,503 technology in spite of their size, 598 00:33:33,430 --> 00:33:35,900 will AI make a better pilot commit to me? 599 00:33:35,900 --> 00:33:36,733 Of course. 600 00:33:45,290 --> 00:33:48,960 I meet Saab's Chief technology officer Pantas Deliva. 601 00:33:48,960 --> 00:33:51,010 Pantas says AI could enhance their 602 00:33:51,010 --> 00:33:53,260 world-class defense systems. 603 00:33:53,260 --> 00:33:55,460 Machine learning could make sense of sonar, 604 00:33:55,460 --> 00:33:57,930 radar and sensor signals. 605 00:33:57,930 --> 00:34:01,493 AI could even fly their signature fighter jet. 606 00:34:02,820 --> 00:34:04,864 Making them completely autonomous. 607 00:34:04,864 --> 00:34:06,390 How many trips? 608 00:34:06,390 --> 00:34:07,930 There's this New York times article 609 00:34:07,930 --> 00:34:12,440 that has the headline Robots are coming and Sweden is fine. 610 00:34:12,440 --> 00:34:14,260 That's because the Swedes trust 611 00:34:14,260 --> 00:34:16,250 that their companies and society 612 00:34:16,250 --> 00:34:19,793 will train them in new jobs once their jobs are displaced. 613 00:34:19,793 --> 00:34:23,630 How accurate a picture is this of Sweden and its industries? 614 00:34:23,630 --> 00:34:25,663 {\an8}I think it's an accurate picture. 615 00:34:26,520 --> 00:34:28,370 {\an8}Going back in time where we 616 00:34:28,370 --> 00:34:29,863 had the shipyard industry, 617 00:34:30,795 --> 00:34:32,253 one of the world's largest shipyard industries, 618 00:34:33,098 --> 00:34:35,220 and we did the mistake and try to hang on 619 00:34:35,220 --> 00:34:39,540 to that industry and you just waste a lot of money 620 00:34:39,540 --> 00:34:41,973 and I think this policy since then, 621 00:34:41,973 --> 00:34:44,722 since the seventies has been instead to retrain people 622 00:34:44,722 --> 00:34:49,227 and also I was like a social security network. 623 00:34:49,227 --> 00:34:54,030 So people are feel safe really to adopt a new technology. 624 00:34:54,030 --> 00:34:57,600 We've been able to cope with the technology shifts so far 625 00:34:57,600 --> 00:35:00,000 and we think we will cope with this one as well. 626 00:35:00,910 --> 00:35:03,480 We worry AI could take jobs, 627 00:35:03,480 --> 00:35:06,533 but AI could actually enable more to work. 628 00:35:14,270 --> 00:35:17,210 Microsoft seeing AI app describes aloud 629 00:35:17,210 --> 00:35:18,770 what it sees on camera. 630 00:35:18,770 --> 00:35:20,430 I think it's a man jumping in the air, 631 00:35:20,430 --> 00:35:22,360 doing a trick on a skateboard. 632 00:35:22,360 --> 00:35:25,610 It was created by a visually impaired developer to enable 633 00:35:25,610 --> 00:35:27,720 those with poor sight to make sense 634 00:35:27,720 --> 00:35:28,993 of the world around them. 635 00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:36,820 Seeing AI has been embraced at Pop giant high restaurant, 636 00:35:36,820 --> 00:35:39,930 a social enterprise that gives people with disabilities, 637 00:35:39,930 --> 00:35:41,123 meaningful work. 638 00:35:42,290 --> 00:35:44,050 A lot of people say that AI 639 00:35:44,050 --> 00:35:46,569 will take away jobs for many people, 640 00:35:46,569 --> 00:35:48,540 but I think your situation 641 00:35:48,540 --> 00:35:49,620 is slightly different, right? 642 00:35:49,620 --> 00:35:52,480 I feel that you create jobs for us, 643 00:35:52,480 --> 00:35:55,223 for the visually impaired community. 644 00:35:59,020 --> 00:36:01,880 Restaurant staff with vision or learning impairments 645 00:36:01,880 --> 00:36:06,375 could use seeing AI to read up orders, recipes and menus. 646 00:36:06,375 --> 00:36:09,876 Garlic honey chicken with rice. 647 00:36:09,876 --> 00:36:11,650 Basil chicken with rice 648 00:36:11,650 --> 00:36:13,343 with choice of homemade iced Thai drink. 649 00:36:15,147 --> 00:36:16,805 There are about billion people 650 00:36:16,805 --> 00:36:18,310 around the world with disabilities. 651 00:36:18,310 --> 00:36:21,860 That's about 15% of the world's population 652 00:36:21,860 --> 00:36:23,000 that have disabilities 653 00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:25,380 and so when we think about empowering, 654 00:36:25,380 --> 00:36:28,400 literally every person on the planet to achieve more, 655 00:36:28,400 --> 00:36:30,070 we also need to make sure we include 656 00:36:30,070 --> 00:36:31,403 people with disabilities. 657 00:36:34,910 --> 00:36:37,990 In Cambridge University Dr. Simon Beard 658 00:36:37,990 --> 00:36:41,000 wrote that AI can make the world fairer, 659 00:36:41,000 --> 00:36:42,700 but it's up to us. 660 00:36:42,700 --> 00:36:45,200 {\an8}I myself have a visual impairment and my job 661 00:36:45,200 --> 00:36:48,000 {\an8}has been immensely improved by the quality 662 00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:50,370 {\an8}of the text to speech algorithms 663 00:36:50,370 --> 00:36:52,273 that have been developed now 664 00:36:52,273 --> 00:36:55,150 to turn written papers into documents that I can listen to. 665 00:36:55,150 --> 00:36:59,190 The problem is of course that there's no requirement 666 00:36:59,190 --> 00:37:02,300 that that is actually what the aid eye does. 667 00:37:02,300 --> 00:37:04,570 It's up to our society actually decide 668 00:37:04,570 --> 00:37:06,770 how you're going to use those possibilities. 669 00:37:07,690 --> 00:37:11,049 My home city, Singapore aims to be a smart nation, 670 00:37:11,049 --> 00:37:13,319 but with a world hungry for AI, 671 00:37:13,319 --> 00:37:16,360 can we hang on to our talent? 672 00:37:16,360 --> 00:37:18,971 Oh, Silicon valley and then Singapore. 673 00:37:18,971 --> 00:37:21,323 Singapore. 674 00:37:34,152 --> 00:37:36,599 Are you spying on me again? 675 00:37:36,599 --> 00:37:37,560 No. 676 00:37:37,560 --> 00:37:38,393 Liar. 677 00:37:42,070 --> 00:37:44,720 I've examined the rivalry of great nations 678 00:37:44,720 --> 00:37:46,960 and AI's impact on the world. 679 00:37:46,960 --> 00:37:50,913 Now I'll see what AI can open up for my home Singapore. 680 00:38:00,470 --> 00:38:03,100 I believe that Singapore has a role to play 681 00:38:03,100 --> 00:38:04,130 in the AI world, 682 00:38:04,130 --> 00:38:06,670 and certainly this should not be limited 683 00:38:06,670 --> 00:38:09,213 by the size of our country. 684 00:38:11,860 --> 00:38:15,190 Oliver Tine is the chief executive of Vsense. 685 00:38:15,190 --> 00:38:20,190 One of Singapore's leading startups specializing in AI. 686 00:38:20,480 --> 00:38:21,850 With these tools, 687 00:38:21,850 --> 00:38:25,310 we can amplify the relevance 688 00:38:25,310 --> 00:38:27,580 that Singapore has as a country. 689 00:38:27,580 --> 00:38:30,100 Instead of being 50 million people, 690 00:38:30,100 --> 00:38:31,930 we can still achieve the same impact 691 00:38:31,930 --> 00:38:33,690 using artificial intelligence, 692 00:38:33,690 --> 00:38:36,963 even though we are a country of 5.5 million people. 693 00:38:38,220 --> 00:38:40,720 Vsense's visual search engine 694 00:38:40,720 --> 00:38:44,720 empowers international retailers like Zilara and Uniclo, 695 00:38:44,720 --> 00:38:47,300 enabling consumers to search their products online, 696 00:38:47,300 --> 00:38:49,053 using just an image. 697 00:38:49,940 --> 00:38:51,970 Pictures are universal language. 698 00:38:51,970 --> 00:38:55,090 It cuts across Japanese, Korean, Italian. 699 00:38:55,090 --> 00:38:57,580 So we are able to help people find products 700 00:38:57,580 --> 00:38:59,823 without them searching for keywords. 701 00:39:01,380 --> 00:39:03,123 Take a picture of a nice shirt. 702 00:39:03,970 --> 00:39:05,540 Yeah, yeah. 703 00:39:05,540 --> 00:39:06,373 Flamingo. 704 00:39:07,700 --> 00:39:08,533 It's from Walmart. 705 00:39:08,533 --> 00:39:10,220 It's from $18.50 cents. 706 00:39:10,220 --> 00:39:11,632 Walmart right. 707 00:39:11,632 --> 00:39:14,663 Well much of what you're playing off. 708 00:39:15,970 --> 00:39:17,230 These big companies, 709 00:39:17,230 --> 00:39:19,499 they've got lots of money 710 00:39:19,499 --> 00:39:23,450 {\an8}and you're a smaller company in Singapore. 711 00:39:23,450 --> 00:39:27,500 How do you compete for the talent? 712 00:39:27,500 --> 00:39:30,080 So talent is very precious. 713 00:39:30,080 --> 00:39:31,870 Especially AI talents today. 714 00:39:31,870 --> 00:39:34,400 Talent is mobile today. 715 00:39:34,400 --> 00:39:36,290 They like to work with people 716 00:39:36,290 --> 00:39:38,270 that are smarter than themselves. 717 00:39:38,270 --> 00:39:40,862 We've built a critical mass of talent 718 00:39:40,862 --> 00:39:44,580 that draws in other talent from different markets. 719 00:39:44,580 --> 00:39:47,730 So today we have more than 14 nationalities 720 00:39:47,730 --> 00:39:49,903 speaking more than a dozen languages. 721 00:39:53,960 --> 00:39:56,810 Gov tech, the government technology agency says 722 00:39:56,810 --> 00:39:59,780 Singapore must hold onto its precious AI talent 723 00:39:59,780 --> 00:40:01,583 and attract them back from abroad. 724 00:40:02,470 --> 00:40:04,440 Singapore is doing great work around the world. 725 00:40:04,440 --> 00:40:06,620 How can we attract them back? 726 00:40:06,620 --> 00:40:10,170 {\an8}Well, part of it is to give them cool stuff to do. 727 00:40:10,170 --> 00:40:11,250 {\an8}They need big challenges 728 00:40:11,250 --> 00:40:13,320 {\an8}and because of what we're trying to do with smart nation, 729 00:40:13,320 --> 00:40:15,760 we're trying to solve a whole country's problems. 730 00:40:15,760 --> 00:40:18,050 This is not about designing your next game 731 00:40:18,050 --> 00:40:19,653 or your next consumer app. 732 00:40:19,653 --> 00:40:24,110 It's not? 733 00:40:24,110 --> 00:40:27,250 It's about solving some really important problems. 734 00:40:27,250 --> 00:40:31,170 Transport, healthcare, safety and security. 735 00:40:31,170 --> 00:40:33,510 How do we do social services better? 736 00:40:33,510 --> 00:40:36,343 So we think that interesting, 737 00:40:36,343 --> 00:40:38,545 exciting challenges and important reason 738 00:40:38,545 --> 00:40:41,020 for people to stay here and come back here. 739 00:40:41,020 --> 00:40:43,495 Is there a bit of an image problem here? 740 00:40:43,495 --> 00:40:45,984 I mean, people think, oh, Silicon valley and then Singapore, 741 00:40:45,984 --> 00:40:49,570 Be like, which one do I choose? 742 00:40:49,570 --> 00:40:50,403 Singapore. 743 00:40:52,640 --> 00:40:53,620 I mean, seriously, 744 00:40:53,620 --> 00:40:55,090 if you're Singapore and you want to be close to home, 745 00:40:55,090 --> 00:40:57,251 you want to be close to your parents. 746 00:40:57,251 --> 00:40:58,130 Maybe you've had some time overseas, 747 00:40:58,130 --> 00:41:01,040 you've had an exciting adventure, but you want to come home. 748 00:41:01,040 --> 00:41:02,240 It's home. 749 00:41:02,240 --> 00:41:04,280 What happens here at Gov Tech? 750 00:41:04,280 --> 00:41:06,650 They build cool stuff. 751 00:41:06,650 --> 00:41:10,010 They code great programs and they bring it together. 752 00:41:10,010 --> 00:41:10,890 Parking down the street. 753 00:41:10,890 --> 00:41:12,371 Have you used that? 754 00:41:12,371 --> 00:41:13,460 The app to pay so you don't have to use 755 00:41:13,460 --> 00:41:14,605 your pocket coupons anymore. 756 00:41:14,605 --> 00:41:15,438 That one. 757 00:41:15,438 --> 00:41:16,723 Done here. 758 00:41:16,723 --> 00:41:17,556 That came from here? 759 00:41:18,430 --> 00:41:20,600 Very environmentally friendly guys. 760 00:41:20,600 --> 00:41:22,050 Good stuff, good stuff. 761 00:41:22,050 --> 00:41:23,600 No one's littering anymore too. 762 00:41:24,739 --> 00:41:26,400 I never did though. 763 00:41:26,400 --> 00:41:29,410 But if you did, there's an app, 764 00:41:29,410 --> 00:41:31,740 the one service app to report on littering 765 00:41:31,740 --> 00:41:33,990 and town council and municipal issues. 766 00:41:33,990 --> 00:41:35,770 Can we talk about how it's about the people 767 00:41:35,770 --> 00:41:39,240 who are handling the data and harnessing 768 00:41:39,240 --> 00:41:42,010 this artificial intelligence technology 769 00:41:42,010 --> 00:41:45,037 but at some point in time, 770 00:41:45,037 --> 00:41:48,520 won't the robots replace the people? 771 00:41:48,520 --> 00:41:50,380 So our response in Singapore has always been 772 00:41:50,380 --> 00:41:52,380 that we have to re-skill and retrain 773 00:41:52,380 --> 00:41:54,613 and actually this is not something new just in, 774 00:41:54,613 --> 00:41:56,970 this decade because of AI. 775 00:41:56,970 --> 00:41:58,680 It's something that we've thought about 776 00:41:58,680 --> 00:42:00,430 as long as we've been an independent nation 777 00:42:00,430 --> 00:42:02,730 that we will always have to retrain 778 00:42:02,730 --> 00:42:04,080 and re-skill our workforce. 779 00:42:05,430 --> 00:42:07,540 Many working Singaporeans are preparing 780 00:42:07,540 --> 00:42:11,333 for AI's impact by learning what they can about it. 781 00:42:13,350 --> 00:42:15,180 What's your idea of AI? 782 00:42:15,180 --> 00:42:16,760 Due to Hollywood, everybody thinks that, 783 00:42:16,760 --> 00:42:18,120 oh, this is AI, right? 784 00:42:18,120 --> 00:42:20,533 No, today we are already using AI. 785 00:42:22,120 --> 00:42:25,010 Through its AI for everyone workshop, 786 00:42:25,010 --> 00:42:28,420 AI Singapore aims to introduce 10,000 residents 787 00:42:28,420 --> 00:42:30,733 to AI within three years. 788 00:42:34,520 --> 00:42:37,830 If our adults are rethinking the way they look at AI 789 00:42:37,830 --> 00:42:39,550 should our youth? 790 00:42:39,550 --> 00:42:41,750 Youth are really going to be the next generation of people 791 00:42:41,750 --> 00:42:44,703 {\an8}who will have the strongest say, 792 00:42:44,703 --> 00:42:47,660 {\an8}and will be in a position to shape this technology 793 00:42:47,660 --> 00:42:50,663 and you have to start off with a the level of ideas. 794 00:42:51,760 --> 00:42:53,740 As part of the education ministries, 795 00:42:53,740 --> 00:42:55,780 gifted education program, 796 00:42:55,780 --> 00:42:58,700 university professor Dr. Graham Web 797 00:42:58,700 --> 00:43:01,490 mentor some of Singapore's brightest young minds 798 00:43:01,490 --> 00:43:05,860 and guides their studies of how AI could impact society. 799 00:43:05,860 --> 00:43:09,520 Tell me more about your study into AI. 800 00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:12,660 I'm studying AI in the area of healthcare, 801 00:43:12,660 --> 00:43:14,330 namely elder care. 802 00:43:14,330 --> 00:43:17,340 Learn about AI in the transportation sector. 803 00:43:17,340 --> 00:43:20,540 I'm doing research on what the public thinks of AI. 804 00:43:20,540 --> 00:43:23,240 For example, I could state a question, 805 00:43:23,240 --> 00:43:27,120 do you think AI would eliminate the human race? 806 00:43:27,120 --> 00:43:28,770 So do they think we're going to be eliminated? 807 00:43:28,770 --> 00:43:30,890 Mostly not after my research. 808 00:43:30,890 --> 00:43:32,560 I definitely feel that there's a need 809 00:43:32,560 --> 00:43:34,480 for greater public awareness 810 00:43:34,480 --> 00:43:36,478 because I think most people, 811 00:43:36,478 --> 00:43:40,130 are foreign to the idea of AI or they underestimate AI. 812 00:43:40,130 --> 00:43:44,670 So how does working with these students 813 00:43:44,670 --> 00:43:46,760 prepare us for the future? 814 00:43:48,650 --> 00:43:50,016 The mantle is really on 815 00:43:50,016 --> 00:43:51,590 the next generation of Singaporeans 816 00:43:51,590 --> 00:43:53,170 and that's where we need to be 817 00:43:53,170 --> 00:43:54,620 investing a lot of our energies, 818 00:43:54,620 --> 00:43:57,903 preparing them for the know the future prospect of AI. 819 00:44:04,490 --> 00:44:05,323 {\an8}May I? 820 00:44:06,650 --> 00:44:08,065 {\an8}Awesome. 821 00:44:08,065 --> 00:44:09,700 {\an8}Let's do it. 822 00:44:09,700 --> 00:44:11,550 At Child First Singapore, 823 00:44:11,550 --> 00:44:14,340 they teach students to code and program robots 824 00:44:14,340 --> 00:44:16,673 by the time they graduate at six years old. 825 00:44:24,730 --> 00:44:27,280 We started as a bilingual school 826 00:44:27,280 --> 00:44:30,530 where we practice a half day English and half day Chinese 827 00:44:30,530 --> 00:44:34,380 {\an8}but with advent of AI, we feel that it's important 828 00:44:34,380 --> 00:44:36,510 {\an8}for children to learn the third language, 829 00:44:36,510 --> 00:44:38,380 {\an8}which we believe is coding. 830 00:44:38,380 --> 00:44:41,103 The language to communicate with robots and AI. 831 00:44:42,300 --> 00:44:43,197 Function one. 832 00:44:54,320 --> 00:44:56,550 As we know for learning a language 833 00:44:56,550 --> 00:44:58,550 it's best to learn it when you're young. 834 00:45:12,779 --> 00:45:14,748 And so does everyone love this 835 00:45:14,748 --> 00:45:16,180 or have you had some criticism? 836 00:45:16,180 --> 00:45:18,194 There are also some parents 837 00:45:18,194 --> 00:45:20,680 that feel that the coding is for programmers. 838 00:45:20,680 --> 00:45:23,572 My child was going to be a doctor or lawyer. 839 00:45:23,572 --> 00:45:26,760 Why is this relevant to my child? 840 00:45:26,760 --> 00:45:29,590 But the reality is AI is going to impact 841 00:45:29,590 --> 00:45:31,403 all industries and all jobs. 842 00:45:33,070 --> 00:45:35,070 So how can exposing children 843 00:45:35,070 --> 00:45:40,070 to robots and AI make them more human? 844 00:45:40,360 --> 00:45:42,820 For example, like the robot dance 845 00:45:42,820 --> 00:45:44,888 that you you saw earlier, 846 00:45:44,888 --> 00:45:49,309 that is a creative endeavor. 847 00:45:49,309 --> 00:45:53,230 They need to think about how to position the robots. 848 00:45:53,230 --> 00:45:56,630 What's the dance steps they need to do, the music. 849 00:45:56,630 --> 00:45:58,930 This is goes beyond just the coding 850 00:45:58,930 --> 00:46:00,290 and the programming side. 851 00:46:00,290 --> 00:46:01,850 They have to communicate. 852 00:46:01,850 --> 00:46:03,640 They have to work as teams. 853 00:46:03,640 --> 00:46:05,400 They have to solve problems. 854 00:46:05,400 --> 00:46:08,140 They experience failure and success. 855 00:46:08,140 --> 00:46:10,590 The robot dance is just a means 856 00:46:10,590 --> 00:46:13,670 of training them on these much bigger things. 857 00:46:13,670 --> 00:46:15,563 As a result, they become more human. 858 00:46:28,510 --> 00:46:30,115 From what I've seen, 859 00:46:30,115 --> 00:46:32,990 the next generation will have real power over AI. 860 00:46:32,990 --> 00:46:34,950 How the future turns out will depend 861 00:46:34,950 --> 00:46:37,332 on the values we pass onto them. 862 00:46:37,332 --> 00:46:39,915 (upbeat music)