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All around the planet,

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billions of animals
are on the move...

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...making incredible journeys.

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The most amazing of these...

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...are the smallest.

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This series uses
the latest camera technology

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to follow six tiny animals on the
biggest adventures of their lives...

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...as they travel through
extraordinary landscapes...

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...where every little step counts.

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In this episode, a pangolin
travels through a land of giants

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to seek a mate
in a protected forest.

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And in Brazil, a lion tamarin family
travel to the edge of their world

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and into a new future
for their species.

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The greatest adventures
are the smallest.

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Taiwan is home to an animal
that inspired legends

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of underground dragons.

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But this is no scaly fire-breather.

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It's a Formosan pangolin.

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And as evening falls...

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...his journey is just beginning.

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At two years old,
he's the size of a pineapple.

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It's his first breeding season,
but timing is crucial.

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He must find a receptive female

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before peak season ends
in a few days' time.

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He leaves his own distinct
scent markings,

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a calling card
for any prospective mate.

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And his sensitive nose
can detect female pheromones.

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His territory is a tiny patch
of forest half a mile wide.

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He hasn't found any sign
of another pangolin here,

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and so he must keep searching.

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To fuel his journey,
he needs food.

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Something has caught his attention.

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Black ants.

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He needs to eat 80,000 ants a day
to bulk up.

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But woodpiles are dangerous places
to root around.

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A disturbed Taiwanese cobra

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can strike faster
than the blink of an eye.

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Flicking its tongue,

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the snake can taste
the pangolin's odour.

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Just one drop of its venom
could kill a human.

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But it would be a mistake
to try and bite a pangolin.

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His body is covered
by snake-proof scales

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made of the same material
as a buffalo's horn.

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The scent of more ants
draws him upwards.

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Being snake-proof does come
with its disadvantages.

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His suit of arm our is heavy.

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But it's not enough
to stop him from trying.

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His skills overlap
to give flexibility.

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He's primed for rapid feeding,
with a 40-centimetre tongue.

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Essential for tackling
cocktail ants -

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so called by the way they
cock their tail when alarmed.

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He laps them up by the dozen.

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The ants are quick to mobilise...

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...fighting back with vicious bites.

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He has flaps to protect his ears,

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but the ants are small enough
to exploit chinks in the arm our.

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He's managed to snaffle
a few thousand ants...

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...but the attacks have become
too painful to bear.

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Time to retreat.

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A nocturnal traveller,

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he must now journey into the unknown
in search of a mate.

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11,000 miles away,
on the opposite side of the world,

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in Brazil's Atlantic Forest...

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...dawn is breaking
for a family of tiny monkeys.

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Golden-headed lion tamarins.

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This female is six years old

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and around the size
of a milk bottle.

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She has made a home here
with her lifelong mate.

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But they have
a giant responsibility.

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Three boys under two years old
and baby twins.

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A boy...

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...and a girl.

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They are no bigger
than the palm of a human hand.

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Mum is struggling to provide
the milk that they need

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because the drying climate
has made fruit scarce.

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The twins must eat every two days,
or they could die of starvation.

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Driven by hunger, the family must
travel quickly to find food.

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Lion tamarins are canopy sprinters.

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With claws like running spikes,

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they dash along the branches,

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and their forelimbs
are like springs,

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boosting their momentum.

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They can cover large areas

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by sprinting in bursts
of 25 miles per hour.

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So scientists must use radio collars
to follow their journeys.

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Weighed down with babies
a quarter of their weight,

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running is exhausting.

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They urgently need food.

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Black-necked aracari.

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Birds have an aerial advantage
when it comes to spotting fruit.

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They've revealed a hoard of figs.

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She only needs to eat around 40

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if she is to get the calories
to produce milk today.

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But she can smell scent markings.

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She's trespassing into
someone else's territory.

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Another lion tamarin family.

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With less food available,

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lion tamarins are pushed
more into conflict.

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SQUEAKING

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The rivals' alarm calls are a sign

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that they have no intentions
of sharing,

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and with young babies in tow,

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it's too risky
for the family to stay.

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Mum has barely eaten enough,

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but at least she can feed the twins
with a little milk today.

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If they don't get another meal
within the next two days,

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they could starve to death.

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That's not the only threat
they face right now.

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THUNDER ROLLS

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A storm is brewing.

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RAIN PATTERS

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When it rains, the air temperature
plummets to ten degrees Celsius.

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THUNDER CRACKS, RAIN HISSES

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Hungry and drenched,

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the babies can't generate heat
fast enough.

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Hypothermia is a major killer
of these tiny monkeys.

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THUNDER ROLLS

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But being 20 centimetres tall
does have advantages.

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You can hide
in the smallest spaces,

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and the family huddle inside
to keep warm.

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Four miles from their old home,
and hungry...

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...but at least tonight,
they have somewhere to sleep.

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In Taiwan, the pangolin is nearly
two miles beyond his territory,

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with no sign of a female.

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It's critical that he picks up
a scent within the next few days.

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Very few will be receptive
so late in the season.

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But his search has taken him
into a strange type of forest.

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There are no trees to climb here.

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Bamboo.

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The tallest grass in the world.

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This species can grow a metre
in a day.

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Here, it towers 20 metres high.

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Row upon row...

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...mile upon mile.

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It's easy to get lost.

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This is a strange landscape -
a plantation created by humans.

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Monoculture.

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Nothing but bamboo...

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...except...

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PANGOLIN SNIFFS

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...the faint scent of a female.

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The scent has led him into an area
that has been left wild.

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And there's a pangolin burrow.

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PANGOLIN SNIFFS

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Something doesn't smell right.

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RATTLING CALL

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SQUEAKING CALL

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A gem-faced civet.

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Like a skunk,
it can release a stink when alarmed.

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Not what you want when your sexual
prowess depends on smelling good.

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While the pangolin
tries to sniff out a mate,

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another animal here
employs a very different strategy.

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Light.

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56 species of firefly
are found in Taiwan.

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Each with its own distinctive
sequence of flashes,

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all used for attracting a mate.

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The presence of fireflies
is a sign of a healthy habitat.

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If the pangolin continues
in this direction,

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he might find more burrows.

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As wild habitats
are turned to monoculture,

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fireflies disappear,

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and pangolins
find themselves more exposed...

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...to humans.

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Another pangolin burrow.

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This time, it's empty.

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With dawn breaking,
at least it's a place to sleep.

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The lion tamarins
have woken to a new dawn,

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hungry, and far from the fruiting
trees that they once called home.

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Grooming reinforces the bonds
between Mum and Dad.

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Giant trees are the perfect place
to live,

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full of hiding spaces,

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and ahead, there's one of
the biggest trees that they've seen.

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Its branches support
a rich garden of plants.

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But the lion tamarins want
what might be hiding within.

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They don't just eat fruit.

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10% of their diet is prey.

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Their extended fingers
are adapted to reach deep inside.

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These grasshoppers
are the first proper meal

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that they've had in days.

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It's an incredible feast.

181
00:23:01,160 --> 00:23:03,175
But there's even better food here.

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Frogs.

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Concentrated protein.

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Mum's got one.

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And the whole family
are keen for a bite.

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It's important that Mum eats first

187
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and replenishes her energy
for making milk.

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Even if the twins are keen
to try frog for themselves.

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It's the baby's very first
taste of solid food.

190
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This is the perfect home
for the family.

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All the frogs they can eat, and no
other lion tamarins to compete with.

192
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They could establish a new territory
of fruiting trees around it.

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The future for the family
is looking bright.

194
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With Mum and Dad relaxed,
they allow the male twin

195
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to take his first steps
towards independence.

196
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Two months old,

197
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he's learning by copying
his older brothers.

198
00:25:49,120 --> 00:25:52,775
But he's not ready to join in
on the play fighting just yet.

199
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TAMARIN SQUEAKS

200
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All the commotion
hasn't gone unnoticed,

201
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On the forest floor,
predators hunt in the shadows.

202
00:26:31,400 --> 00:26:32,815
An ocelot.

203
00:26:35,600 --> 00:26:39,055
It's only twice the size
of a house cat.

204
00:26:39,080 --> 00:26:43,095
But to the tiny primates,
it's a giant,

205
00:26:43,120 --> 00:26:46,055
and could kill each of them
with a single bite.

206
00:26:53,320 --> 00:26:56,975
The lion tamarins are unaware
of the danger approaching below.

207
00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:14,135
The ocelot's speckled coat makes him
disappear amongst the undergrowth.

208
00:27:32,960 --> 00:27:36,335
His feet are six centimetres wide,

209
00:27:36,360 --> 00:27:38,615
larger than a lion tamarin's head.

210
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They allow him to tread stealthily.

211
00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:51,575
And ocelots are agile enough
to hunt...

212
00:27:53,280 --> 00:27:54,815
...in the trees.

213
00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:20,335
Something isn't right.

214
00:28:21,760 --> 00:28:23,975
TAMARIN CALLS

215
00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:32,975
He's been spotted.

216
00:28:34,600 --> 00:28:37,255
The family needs to abandon
the tree, quickly.

217
00:28:52,600 --> 00:28:55,975
For the ocelot,
it's not worth the chase.

218
00:28:58,680 --> 00:29:01,135
He's a night-time hunter.

219
00:29:01,160 --> 00:29:04,815
And this is his sleeping tree,

220
00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:07,255
at the heart of his territory,

221
00:29:07,280 --> 00:29:09,695
three miles wide.

222
00:29:15,280 --> 00:29:18,855
The family must escape
from this area quickly.

223
00:29:18,880 --> 00:29:23,055
Come nightfall, the cat
will be back on the hunt.

224
00:29:41,520 --> 00:29:46,975
In Taiwan, the daytime temperature
can reach the mid 30s,

225
00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:50,095
too uncomfortable
for a heavily armoured pangolin.

226
00:29:53,960 --> 00:29:57,895
He hides in the burrow,
where it's ten degrees cooler.

227
00:30:03,720 --> 00:30:07,335
As dusk approaches,
he can get back to his journey.

228
00:30:12,840 --> 00:30:16,895
Out there is the female
who dug this burrow,

229
00:30:16,920 --> 00:30:19,175
and her scent is growing stronger.

230
00:30:20,840 --> 00:30:22,775
He's entered an olive grove...

231
00:30:25,040 --> 00:30:28,295
...and is deep in a world
transformed by humans.

232
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He has never been so exposed.

233
00:30:38,760 --> 00:30:40,895
DOG BARKS IN DISTANCE

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00:30:45,960 --> 00:30:49,455
In Taiwan, feral dogs
pose the biggest threat.

235
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One of the few animals able to bite
through the pangolin's arm our.

236
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DOG BARKS

237
00:31:26,960 --> 00:31:29,335
Finally, a female.

238
00:31:46,200 --> 00:31:48,215
Instinct now takes over.

239
00:32:01,760 --> 00:32:04,015
Gently stroking her back,

240
00:32:04,040 --> 00:32:05,495
he seeks approval.

241
00:32:08,960 --> 00:32:12,655
SCALES SCRAPE AND RATTLE

242
00:32:14,920 --> 00:32:17,695
But the more he makes his advances,

243
00:32:17,720 --> 00:32:19,575
the tighter she curls up.

244
00:32:26,680 --> 00:32:28,215
She's not interested.

245
00:32:29,920 --> 00:32:32,575
A sign that she may already
be pregnant.

246
00:32:36,120 --> 00:32:37,535
He's too late.

247
00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:56,215
With time running out,
he must continue

248
00:32:56,240 --> 00:32:58,335
if he is to find another female.

249
00:33:05,200 --> 00:33:09,975
Fortunately, he's within reach
of a remarkable place.

250
00:33:12,680 --> 00:33:15,735
Taoist shrines are believed
to bestow good luck

251
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upon all who pass,

252
00:33:18,240 --> 00:33:21,575
and they are often found close
to a protected forest

253
00:33:21,600 --> 00:33:23,615
where pangolins thrive.

254
00:33:30,240 --> 00:33:35,095
In Brazil, the lion tamarins
have spent the last five days

255
00:33:35,120 --> 00:33:37,175
jumping between thousands of trees.

256
00:33:43,800 --> 00:33:47,855
But they have yet to find
anywhere safe with enough food

257
00:33:47,880 --> 00:33:49,215
to make a home.

258
00:33:57,520 --> 00:34:01,455
Suddenly, something that
they have never seen before.

259
00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:04,895
A break in the tree cover.

260
00:34:06,720 --> 00:34:10,535
ENGINES RUMBLE

261
00:34:11,960 --> 00:34:13,255
A road.

262
00:34:17,600 --> 00:34:20,855
Here, they are more exposed
to aerial threats.

263
00:34:23,560 --> 00:34:25,695
A monkey-eating harpy eagle.

264
00:34:25,720 --> 00:34:27,175
EAGLE CRIES

265
00:34:27,200 --> 00:34:29,575
15 times heavier
than a lion tamarin.

266
00:34:32,880 --> 00:34:35,455
with nightfall fast approaching,

267
00:34:35,480 --> 00:34:37,695
the family can't turn back.

268
00:34:37,720 --> 00:34:39,895
They must find a way to cross.

269
00:34:50,040 --> 00:34:53,095
The gap here is ten metres wide.

270
00:34:53,120 --> 00:34:54,415
Too far to jump.

271
00:35:10,760 --> 00:35:12,775
They aren't the only ones
stuck here.

272
00:35:14,240 --> 00:35:15,735
A sloth.

273
00:35:29,800 --> 00:35:34,375
This overhanging tree
could be the family's only way over.

274
00:35:39,160 --> 00:35:42,015
An aerial attack
can come from anywhere.

275
00:35:47,320 --> 00:35:50,415
Mum goes first, risking it alone.

276
00:35:53,480 --> 00:35:55,495
She's made it.

277
00:35:55,520 --> 00:36:01,015
Five metres in a single bound -
ten times her own body length.

278
00:36:02,680 --> 00:36:05,575
The rest of the family must follow.

279
00:36:05,600 --> 00:36:07,015
Five have made it.

280
00:36:08,920 --> 00:36:10,575
Two to go.

281
00:36:23,800 --> 00:36:25,855
The eagle's caught something.

282
00:36:31,360 --> 00:36:32,895
It's a sloth.

283
00:36:37,040 --> 00:36:39,815
All the family are accounted for.

284
00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:48,415
CAR APPROACHES IN DISTANCE

285
00:36:48,440 --> 00:36:51,295
They continue their journey
for just over a mile...

286
00:36:53,160 --> 00:36:56,215
...until, suddenly,
their path is blocked again.

287
00:37:01,600 --> 00:37:04,935
Having spent their entire life
surrounded by trees,

288
00:37:04,960 --> 00:37:07,255
they've reached the edge
of the forest.

289
00:37:11,000 --> 00:37:12,655
Beyond is human territory.

290
00:37:14,080 --> 00:37:15,295
A farm.

291
00:37:20,160 --> 00:37:24,775
The lion tamarins are trapped within
one of the few remaining patches

292
00:37:24,800 --> 00:37:28,015
of the once-vast Atlantic Forest.

293
00:37:31,520 --> 00:37:34,215
Today, only 12% remains.

294
00:37:39,720 --> 00:37:42,015
They travel along the forest edge.

295
00:37:54,520 --> 00:37:57,375
There's nothing for them out there.

296
00:37:57,400 --> 00:37:59,815
It's a dead end for the family.

297
00:38:14,760 --> 00:38:17,975
When forest fragments
become too small,

298
00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:21,455
there's not enough food to sustain
a healthy population of animals.

299
00:38:23,440 --> 00:38:26,575
The whole ecosystem
begins to collapse.

300
00:38:31,720 --> 00:38:35,215
It's the end of five days
searching for a new home...

301
00:38:39,040 --> 00:38:43,415
...and the tamarins' future
seems as uncertain as ever.

302
00:38:49,880 --> 00:38:51,495
For the pangolin,

303
00:38:51,520 --> 00:38:54,975
it's now coming towards
the end of the breeding season.

304
00:38:57,400 --> 00:39:01,095
He's crossing the boundary
into a protected forest,

305
00:39:01,120 --> 00:39:05,095
one of the thousands
scattered across Taiwan,

306
00:39:05,120 --> 00:39:08,575
covering nearly 20% of the island.

307
00:39:11,000 --> 00:39:13,135
SOFT GRUNTING

308
00:39:19,600 --> 00:39:22,135
Here, dogs are kept out.

309
00:39:30,280 --> 00:39:32,175
Reserves like this are home

310
00:39:32,200 --> 00:39:36,015
to the world's densest population
of pangolins.

311
00:39:36,040 --> 00:39:39,415
As many as 25 in a square mile.

312
00:39:42,400 --> 00:39:44,455
Before he continues,

313
00:39:44,480 --> 00:39:47,855
he needs to find food
and replenish his energy.

314
00:39:54,640 --> 00:39:56,895
Termites.

315
00:39:56,920 --> 00:39:58,895
Packed with protein.

316
00:40:29,600 --> 00:40:32,135
He isn't the only one that's hungry.

317
00:40:35,800 --> 00:40:39,175
HEAVY PANTING

318
00:40:42,200 --> 00:40:44,655
A moon bear.

319
00:40:44,680 --> 00:40:47,495
Taiwan's largest carnivore,

320
00:40:47,520 --> 00:40:50,575
30 times bigger than a pangolin.

321
00:40:55,120 --> 00:40:56,975
LOW GROWL

322
00:41:01,080 --> 00:41:04,335
They usually live high
in the mountains,

323
00:41:04,360 --> 00:41:07,975
but in the spring, these bears
travel down to lower slopes

324
00:41:08,000 --> 00:41:09,575
to seek food.

325
00:41:11,720 --> 00:41:14,895
BEAR SNIFFS

326
00:41:21,040 --> 00:41:24,015
Built for ripping apart trees

327
00:41:24,040 --> 00:41:27,895
with powerful muscles
and five-centimetre-long claws.

328
00:41:34,800 --> 00:41:38,735
It could crunch a pangolin
in one bite.

329
00:41:41,600 --> 00:41:44,495
It isn't going to give up
without a meal.

330
00:41:52,760 --> 00:41:55,615
The pangolin takes his chance
to get away.

331
00:41:58,240 --> 00:42:01,335
Luckily, it's not him
that the bear is after.

332
00:42:04,760 --> 00:42:06,135
It's the termites.

333
00:42:14,040 --> 00:42:17,495
He needs to find a meal
that the bear can't reach.

334
00:42:23,720 --> 00:42:26,895
Cocktail ants...again.

335
00:42:55,480 --> 00:42:57,215
There's only one scent

336
00:42:57,240 --> 00:42:59,895
that can entice a young male
away from food.

337
00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:04,975
The pheromones of a female.

338
00:43:07,360 --> 00:43:09,255
This could be his chance.

339
00:43:20,000 --> 00:43:22,215
FOREST FLOOR RUSTLES

340
00:43:22,240 --> 00:43:26,295
She is in the last few days
of her reproductive cycle.

341
00:43:27,560 --> 00:43:30,375
Soon she will be unable
to get pregnant.

342
00:43:35,920 --> 00:43:40,375
The final stage of his journey
is now led by this female.

343
00:43:44,520 --> 00:43:45,735
It's a good sign.

344
00:43:49,240 --> 00:43:52,655
They travel hour after hour
through the night.

345
00:44:01,480 --> 00:44:03,695
He has proved himself worthy.

346
00:44:17,440 --> 00:44:20,935
Mating in a suit of arm our
isn't easy.

347
00:44:24,600 --> 00:44:28,095
Finding the right angle
could take until morning.

348
00:44:36,600 --> 00:44:40,655
His first great journey
is a success -

349
00:44:40,680 --> 00:44:42,095
he's found a mate.

350
00:44:51,840 --> 00:44:54,975
And safe in this protected forest,

351
00:44:55,000 --> 00:44:59,295
he can help to ensure
the survival of his species.

352
00:45:07,200 --> 00:45:08,855
It's morning in Brazil.

353
00:45:08,880 --> 00:45:12,055
BIRDSONG

354
00:45:12,080 --> 00:45:16,495
The lion tamarins are still
travelling along the forest edge...

355
00:45:19,800 --> 00:45:22,615
...and now they are being watched.

356
00:45:34,440 --> 00:45:37,775
Mum isn't sure
what to make of these monkeys.

357
00:45:43,920 --> 00:45:47,415
HIGH PITCHED SQUEAKING

358
00:45:52,120 --> 00:45:55,335
These are Wied's marmosets.

359
00:45:56,520 --> 00:45:59,175
A distant cousin of lion tamarins.

360
00:46:01,480 --> 00:46:04,415
Remarkably, they speak
a similar language

361
00:46:04,440 --> 00:46:06,335
and can understand each other.

362
00:46:10,560 --> 00:46:13,935
They, too, are homeless
and have babies to feed.

363
00:46:15,240 --> 00:46:20,055
It gives them a unique opportunity
to join forces.

364
00:46:32,240 --> 00:46:34,855
The lion tamarins
take the high branches

365
00:46:34,880 --> 00:46:37,215
and keep watch for aerial threats.

366
00:46:38,760 --> 00:46:41,015
SHRILL CRY

367
00:46:43,720 --> 00:46:48,535
The marmosets keep an eye out down
below for predators on the prowl.

368
00:46:55,680 --> 00:46:57,575
One has spotted an agouti...

369
00:46:59,240 --> 00:47:01,095
...a giant rodent,

370
00:47:01,120 --> 00:47:04,095
three times bigger
than a lion tamarin.

371
00:47:06,080 --> 00:47:08,735
It searches for food
like a sniffer dog

372
00:47:08,760 --> 00:47:12,015
and stores nuts in the ground
like a squirrel.

373
00:47:20,480 --> 00:47:22,695
Both families follow it,

374
00:47:22,720 --> 00:47:25,095
watching where it stores its stash.

375
00:47:29,400 --> 00:47:33,095
The agouti has led them
to a new world of opportunity.

376
00:47:42,520 --> 00:47:45,175
A place of strange plants...

377
00:47:46,960 --> 00:47:50,335
...and huge colourful fruits.

378
00:47:53,560 --> 00:47:54,935
A cocoa pod...

379
00:47:56,160 --> 00:48:00,495
...with enough cocoa beans
to feed a lion tamarin for a day.

380
00:48:12,680 --> 00:48:16,375
This is a territory
with plenty of food to go around.

381
00:48:30,720 --> 00:48:32,735
As they travel further,

382
00:48:32,760 --> 00:48:36,295
they discover the most
remarkable fruit of all.

383
00:48:38,920 --> 00:48:41,455
The biggest of any tree on earth.

384
00:48:45,240 --> 00:48:47,975
This is jackfruit.

385
00:48:52,160 --> 00:48:55,055
It's as big as a basketball

386
00:48:55,080 --> 00:48:58,855
and five times bigger
than a lion tamarin.

387
00:49:02,880 --> 00:49:06,935
The fruit on a single tree
is packed with enough calories

388
00:49:06,960 --> 00:49:12,415
to feed 6,000 golden-headed lion
tamarins for the day.

389
00:49:14,000 --> 00:49:16,415
The entire world population.

390
00:49:21,640 --> 00:49:23,735
SQUEAKING

391
00:49:27,560 --> 00:49:30,975
The family have made it
to a kabruka,

392
00:49:31,000 --> 00:49:34,495
a place where people sustainably
grow fruit

393
00:49:34,520 --> 00:49:36,935
in the shade of giant native trees.

394
00:49:43,960 --> 00:49:47,775
And every year,
thousands of new trees are planted

395
00:49:47,800 --> 00:49:52,055
to connect and restore
dying forest fragments.

396
00:50:01,360 --> 00:50:04,095
Kabrukas like this are a sanctuary

397
00:50:04,120 --> 00:50:07,095
for almost every
golden-headed lion tamarin.

398
00:50:08,560 --> 00:50:12,455
Here, they grow bigger, healthier,

399
00:50:12,480 --> 00:50:14,055
and produce more babies.

400
00:50:16,800 --> 00:50:18,535
SOFT SQUEAKING

401
00:50:20,360 --> 00:50:25,815
The family have discovered a new
home on the edge of their world

402
00:50:25,840 --> 00:50:28,695
where they will never
go hungry again.

403
00:50:47,880 --> 00:50:49,455
To film tiny animals,

404
00:50:49,480 --> 00:50:52,855
Big Little Journeys needed the help
of scientists and local people

405
00:50:52,880 --> 00:50:55,255
working at the forefront
of conservation.

406
00:51:00,320 --> 00:51:02,375
Wow. Oh, wow!

407
00:51:02,400 --> 00:51:06,455
In Taiwan, the team work
with Dr Nick Sun, who has tracked

408
00:51:06,480 --> 00:51:09,335
critically endangered pangolins
for the past decade.

409
00:51:09,360 --> 00:51:11,575
When she walks away? Yeah. OK. OK.

410
00:51:17,040 --> 00:51:18,855
Nick gives the team an opportunity

411
00:51:18,880 --> 00:51:21,495
to get a pangolin's-eye view
of the world,

412
00:51:21,520 --> 00:51:23,535
and it's one that's full of danger.

413
00:51:26,880 --> 00:51:30,695
Globally, 300,000 pangolins
are poached every year

414
00:51:30,720 --> 00:51:33,295
for their meat and scales.

415
00:51:33,320 --> 00:51:36,775
Only in Taiwan
is their population stable,

416
00:51:36,800 --> 00:51:39,135
but they still face
very real threats.

417
00:51:48,800 --> 00:51:52,935
Pangolins are animals
that I've wanted to film for years,

418
00:51:52,960 --> 00:51:57,255
and then you come to a rescue centre
and you see the reality.

419
00:51:58,520 --> 00:52:00,575
But it's not all bad news.

420
00:52:00,600 --> 00:52:03,855
Nick is preparing to release
a young rescued male.

421
00:52:05,760 --> 00:52:08,415
His return to the wild
gives the team an opportunity

422
00:52:08,440 --> 00:52:11,815
to closely film the behaviour
of this elusive species.

423
00:52:16,400 --> 00:52:19,175
To monitor the progress
of released individuals,

424
00:52:19,200 --> 00:52:22,135
Nick and his team
conduct regular examinations.

425
00:52:27,120 --> 00:52:31,135
It's thanks to the rescue centre,
that are giving these charming,

426
00:52:31,160 --> 00:52:34,255
rare, incredible animals
a chance in nature.

427
00:52:34,280 --> 00:52:36,455
I think we all should be
very, very pleased

428
00:52:36,480 --> 00:52:38,655
that people like Nick are out there,

429
00:52:38,680 --> 00:52:40,615
fighting to protect
the natural world.

430
00:52:43,520 --> 00:52:46,655
The camera crew are preparing
to film the pangolin's first steps

431
00:52:46,680 --> 00:52:48,175
back into the wild.

432
00:53:23,480 --> 00:53:26,735
11,000 miles away in Brazil,

433
00:53:26,760 --> 00:53:30,295
the team are filming
an animal harder to follow -

434
00:53:30,320 --> 00:53:34,095
a family of
golden-headed lion tamarins.

435
00:53:34,120 --> 00:53:36,055
They really go when they want to.

436
00:53:36,080 --> 00:53:37,695
For them,
they're not travelling far.

437
00:53:37,720 --> 00:53:40,055
They're just jumping between trees.

438
00:53:40,080 --> 00:53:43,135
But for the crew, we're walking up
and down very steep slopes,

439
00:53:43,160 --> 00:53:44,895
very tangled terrain.

440
00:53:46,160 --> 00:53:50,815
They are super small for a primate
and very fast.

441
00:53:50,840 --> 00:53:53,975
You have to imagine
the face of a tamarin

442
00:53:54,000 --> 00:53:57,095
is maybe the size
of a polar bear's nose.

443
00:53:57,120 --> 00:53:59,935
HE LAUGHS

444
00:53:59,960 --> 00:54:03,175
So keeping that in focus
while they're moving is very tricky.

445
00:54:05,360 --> 00:54:08,095
Keeping up with them is only
possible because of the work

446
00:54:08,120 --> 00:54:12,215
of conservationist Joanison Vicente
and his team,

447
00:54:12,240 --> 00:54:14,895
who are using radio collars
to track their movements.

448
00:54:24,480 --> 00:54:26,175
SHRILL SQUEAKING

449
00:54:28,720 --> 00:54:32,335
88% of the Atlantic Forest
has been cut down,

450
00:54:32,360 --> 00:54:34,695
so understanding
how lion tamarins travel

451
00:54:34,720 --> 00:54:36,895
is essential for their conservation.

452
00:54:45,040 --> 00:54:46,975
It's been little journeys for them.

453
00:54:47,000 --> 00:54:49,495
They're just pinging across the top
of the trees,

454
00:54:49,520 --> 00:54:51,735
but they've kept us on our toes.

455
00:54:51,760 --> 00:54:53,335
Come on, let's follow.

456
00:55:01,800 --> 00:55:05,655
In Taiwan, the team are filming
in a thick bamboo forest.

457
00:55:07,800 --> 00:55:09,095
I'm hoping the pangolin

458
00:55:09,120 --> 00:55:12,375
isn't just going to run away from us

459
00:55:12,400 --> 00:55:15,015
because it's quite difficult
to move around in here.

460
00:55:17,640 --> 00:55:20,495
We've just got to work really calmly
because we can't startle him.

461
00:55:20,520 --> 00:55:23,415
If we do, he'll just roll up
into a ball.

462
00:55:25,280 --> 00:55:27,655
It's not just working
at a pangolin's pace

463
00:55:27,680 --> 00:55:30,655
that makes filming a challenge,
it's also the weather.

464
00:55:30,680 --> 00:55:32,375
THUNDER ROLLS

465
00:55:34,200 --> 00:55:37,175
It's a bit soggy now.
I'm feeling a bit soggy now.

466
00:55:37,200 --> 00:55:39,415
Don't worry!

467
00:55:39,440 --> 00:55:41,815
We only have a very narrow period
of time

468
00:55:41,840 --> 00:55:45,375
where it's light enough to film
and the pangolin is awake.

469
00:55:57,960 --> 00:56:02,135
In Brazil, the lion tamarins
lead the team to a kabruka.

470
00:56:05,080 --> 00:56:07,535
Here, local farmers
use traditional techniques

471
00:56:07,560 --> 00:56:09,535
to grow shade-loving crops

472
00:56:09,560 --> 00:56:12,535
whilst preserving
the natural habitat for wildlife...

473
00:56:13,840 --> 00:56:16,255
...but Joanison has other ambitions.

474
00:56:34,160 --> 00:56:37,095
As the lion tamarins
settle into their new home,

475
00:56:37,120 --> 00:56:39,815
the team switch
to remote-controlled cameras.

476
00:56:44,400 --> 00:56:47,055
Each night they're coming back
to sleep in tree hollows.

477
00:56:47,080 --> 00:56:49,615
We've found that most nights
they're sleeping in the same one,

478
00:56:49,640 --> 00:56:51,135
but sometimes they do catch us out.

479
00:56:53,120 --> 00:56:54,895
With the support
of local communities,

480
00:56:54,920 --> 00:56:58,655
the future is looking brighter
for golden-headed lion tamarins.

481
00:57:04,080 --> 00:57:08,695
In Taiwan, the team's time filming
pangolins is coming to an end.

482
00:57:12,960 --> 00:57:16,295
But by using camera traps
and attaching a tag,

483
00:57:16,320 --> 00:57:19,055
Nick can continue
to monitor his behaviour.

484
00:57:28,680 --> 00:57:31,935
Pangolins are the most trafficked
mammal on earth,

485
00:57:31,960 --> 00:57:35,095
so every release is a victory.

486
00:57:35,120 --> 00:57:37,935
There is hope for many of these
endangered species.

487
00:57:37,960 --> 00:57:41,215
All it needs is passionate people
who want to make a difference.

488
00:57:44,080 --> 00:57:45,495
Bye-bye!

489
00:57:47,120 --> 00:57:50,655
There's people like Nick
that are really helping to ensure

490
00:57:50,680 --> 00:57:53,495
that these amazing creatures

491
00:57:53,520 --> 00:57:56,655
live out here in the world
that they belong in,

492
00:57:56,680 --> 00:57:59,695
so, yeah, it's amazing to see.

493
00:58:10,440 --> 00:58:11,895
Next time -

494
00:58:11,920 --> 00:58:15,295
a chameleon in the forests
of Madagascar

495
00:58:15,320 --> 00:58:18,055
and a water vole
in the Scottish Highlands

496
00:58:18,080 --> 00:58:22,935
make the journeys of their lives,
travelling further than ever before

497
00:58:22,960 --> 00:58:25,415
to ensure the future
of their bloodline.