1 00:00:02,002 --> 00:00:03,670 {\an7}Narrator: BLACK HOLES. 2 00:00:03,704 --> 00:00:07,007 {\an7}\h\hTHE MOST FORMIDABLE YET MYSTERIOUS ENTITIES 3 00:00:07,040 --> 00:00:08,475 {\an7}IN OUR UNIVERSE. 4 00:00:10,244 --> 00:00:12,213 {\an7}FOR OVER TWO YEARS, 5 00:00:12,246 --> 00:00:16,217 {\an7}OUR CAMERAS HAVE FOLLOWED A TEAM OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTISTS 6 00:00:16,250 --> 00:00:19,587 {\an7}\h\h\hTRYING TO REVEAL THEIR ULTIMATE SECRET. 7 00:00:19,620 --> 00:00:20,955 {\an7}Man: ATTENTION, ATTENTION! 8 00:00:20,988 --> 00:00:22,423 {\an7}CALL STATION 42. 9 00:00:23,824 --> 00:00:27,161 {\an7}Narrator: THEY ARE TAKING \h\hTHE FIRST-EVER PICTURE 10 00:00:27,194 --> 00:00:28,796 {\an7}OF A BLACK HOLE. 11 00:00:28,829 --> 00:00:31,231 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hMan: IF YOU ASK WHY THIS HASN’T BEEN DONE BEFORE, 12 00:00:31,265 --> 00:00:33,701 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT’S BECAUSE IT’S REALLY, REALLY HARD. 13 00:00:33,734 --> 00:00:36,537 {\an7}\hNarrator: TO PULL OFF THIS EXTRAORDINARY FEAT, 14 00:00:36,570 --> 00:00:39,106 {\an7}THEY MUST TRAVEL TO THE MOST \h\h\h\hHOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS 15 00:00:39,139 --> 00:00:40,807 {\an7}IN THE WORLD... 16 00:00:40,841 --> 00:00:41,909 {\an7}Man: IT’S PRETTY COLD. 17 00:00:41,942 --> 00:00:45,112 {\an7}THE WINDCHILL RIGHT NOW \h\hIS AROUND MINUS 70. 18 00:00:45,145 --> 00:00:47,581 {\an7}\hNarrator: ...TO BUILD A NETWORK OF TELESCOPES 19 00:00:47,614 --> 00:00:49,649 {\an7}THE SIZE OF PLANET EARTH. 20 00:00:51,351 --> 00:00:55,388 {\an7}\h\hTHEIR GOAL: TO REVEAL A PICTURE OF A BLACK HOLE 21 00:00:55,422 --> 00:00:58,358 {\an7}THAT WILL CHALLENGE THE THEORIES OF ALBERT EINSTEIN 22 00:00:58,392 --> 00:01:02,229 {\an7}\h\h\hAND COULD PAVE THE WAY TO A REVOLUTION IN PHYSICS. 23 00:01:02,262 --> 00:01:04,765 {\an7}Man: IT WILL BE ONE OF THE MOST THRILLING DISCOVERIES 24 00:01:04,798 --> 00:01:06,733 {\an7}OF OUR AGE. 25 00:01:06,767 --> 00:01:09,470 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THIS IS THE INSIDE STORY 26 00:01:09,503 --> 00:01:13,440 {\an7}OF THE MISSION TO CAPTURE \h\h\hTHE FIRST REAL IMAGE 27 00:01:13,473 --> 00:01:15,275 {\an7}OF A BLACK HOLE. 28 00:01:15,309 --> 00:01:21,115 {\an7}♪ 29 00:01:23,083 --> 00:01:26,420 {\an7}IN THE EXPANSE OF OUR UNIVERSE, 30 00:01:26,453 --> 00:01:29,389 {\an7}THERE IS ONE OBJECT \h\h\hSO MYSTERIOUS 31 00:01:29,423 --> 00:01:33,694 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT PUZZLES THE GREATEST SCIENTIFIC MINDS. 32 00:01:33,727 --> 00:01:35,195 {\an7}THE BLACK HOLE. 33 00:01:37,164 --> 00:01:38,966 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMax Tegmark: PRETTY MUCH EVERY CRAZY IDEA 34 00:01:38,999 --> 00:01:40,501 {\an7}THAT SOUNDS LIKE SCI-FI 35 00:01:40,534 --> 00:01:43,137 {\an7}\h\h\h\hHAS BEEN PUT FORWARD IN A SERIOUS PHYSICS JOURNAL 36 00:01:43,170 --> 00:01:45,706 {\an7}AS SOMETHING THAT CAN HAPPEN \h\h\hINSIDE OF BLACK HOLES. 37 00:01:45,739 --> 00:01:49,743 {\an7}\h\hIT’S REALLY THE FRONTIER OF THE WILD WEST OF PHYSICS. 38 00:01:49,776 --> 00:01:51,645 {\an7}Brian Greene: A BLACK HOLE \h\h\hIS A REGION OF SPACE 39 00:01:51,678 --> 00:01:55,448 {\an7}WHERE THE PULL OF GRAVITY \h\h\h\h\h\hIS SO POWERFUL 40 00:01:55,482 --> 00:01:58,618 {\an7}THAT NOTHING AT ALL CAN ESCAPE \h\h\h\hIF IT GETS TOO CLOSE. 41 00:01:58,652 --> 00:02:00,821 {\an7}\h\h\hAND BY NOTHING, I REALLY MEAN NOTHING, 42 00:02:00,854 --> 00:02:03,023 {\an7}INCLUDING EVEN LIGHT ITSELF. 43 00:02:04,291 --> 00:02:06,093 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hJanna Levin: WHAT WE REALLY MEAN BY THAT 44 00:02:06,126 --> 00:02:08,895 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIS THIS AREA CALLED THE EVENT HORIZON. 45 00:02:08,929 --> 00:02:10,898 {\an7}IT’S A SPECIFIC LIMIT 46 00:02:10,931 --> 00:02:12,499 {\an7}AROUND THE BLACK HOLE 47 00:02:12,532 --> 00:02:15,435 {\an7}THAT MARKS WHAT’S INSIDE \h\hAND WHAT’S OUTSIDE. 48 00:02:15,469 --> 00:02:18,238 {\an7}Scott Hughes: ONCE ANYTHING \h\h\hCROSSES THAT BOUNDARY, 49 00:02:18,271 --> 00:02:21,508 {\an7}\hADIOS, IT IS OUT OF CONTACT WITH THE REST OF THE UNIVERSE. 50 00:02:21,541 --> 00:02:24,044 {\an7}\h\hWE DON’T KNOW WHAT ITS ULTIMATE FATE IS, 51 00:02:24,077 --> 00:02:26,079 {\an7}BUT PROBABLY IT AIN’T VERY GOOD. 52 00:02:29,016 --> 00:02:30,551 {\an7}Narrator: MOST SCIENTISTS TODAY 53 00:02:30,584 --> 00:02:34,521 {\an7}BELIEVE THAT BLACK HOLES \h\h\h\h\hREALLY EXIST. 54 00:02:34,554 --> 00:02:38,058 {\an7}BUT NOBODY HAS EVER \hACTUALLY SEEN ONE. 55 00:02:40,293 --> 00:02:44,664 {\an7}\hRamesh Narayan: WE HAVE IDENTIFIED LOTS OF OBJECTS 56 00:02:44,698 --> 00:02:46,400 {\an7}THAT LOOK LIKE BLACK HOLES, 57 00:02:46,433 --> 00:02:48,902 {\an7}\h\h\hBUT YOU CAN’T PROVE THAT THEY’RE BLACK HOLES. 58 00:02:48,935 --> 00:02:51,037 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHIS IS WHERE THE PROBLEM COMES, RIGHT? 59 00:02:52,406 --> 00:02:56,143 {\an7}Narrator: IF NOBODY HAS EVER \h\h\h\h\hSEEN A BLACK HOLE, 60 00:02:56,176 --> 00:02:59,413 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hCAN WE BE SURE THAT THEY REALLY EXIST? 61 00:02:59,446 --> 00:03:02,349 {\an7}COULD THIS FUNDAMENTAL NOTION \h\h\h\h\h\hABOUT OUR UNIVERSE 62 00:03:02,382 --> 00:03:03,884 {\an7}AND HOW IT WORKS 63 00:03:03,917 --> 00:03:05,051 {\an7}BE WRONG? 64 00:03:07,888 --> 00:03:09,256 {\an7}ASTRONOMER SHEP DOELEMAN 65 00:03:09,289 --> 00:03:12,359 {\an7}\h\h\hFROM THE SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY 66 00:03:12,392 --> 00:03:16,096 {\an7}\h\h\hIS ON A MISSION TO SOLVE THIS MYSTERY. 67 00:03:16,129 --> 00:03:20,400 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hHE’S SPEARHEADING AN EXTRAORDINARY EXPERIMENT. 68 00:03:20,434 --> 00:03:24,104 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSHEP WANTS TO TAKE THE FIRST-EVER PHOTOGRAPH 69 00:03:24,137 --> 00:03:26,106 {\an7}OF A BLACK HOLE. 70 00:03:26,139 --> 00:03:28,541 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hShep Doeleman: THE GOAL OF THE ENTIRE PROJECT 71 00:03:28,575 --> 00:03:30,977 {\an7}IS TO SEE WHAT A BLACK HOLE \h\h\h\h\hREALLY LOOKS LIKE, 72 00:03:31,011 --> 00:03:32,713 {\an7}DETECT ITS SHAPE 73 00:03:32,746 --> 00:03:36,383 {\an7}\h\hAND SEE WHAT’S HAPPENING IMMEDIATELY SURROUNDING IT, 74 00:03:36,416 --> 00:03:39,219 {\an7}BECAUSE THAT’S WHERE \h\h\hTHE ACTION IS. 75 00:03:39,252 --> 00:03:42,388 {\an7}\h\hWE ARE REALLY IN UNCHARTED TERRITORY. 76 00:03:42,422 --> 00:03:43,556 {\an7}SO IT’S ALL A BIT OF A GAMBLE. 77 00:03:43,590 --> 00:03:47,461 {\an7}\h\h\hIT’S WHAT WE CALL HIGH RISK, HIGH PAYOFF. 78 00:03:47,494 --> 00:03:50,197 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: HERE AT THE HAYSTACK OBSERVATORY 79 00:03:50,230 --> 00:03:52,299 {\an7}AND ACROSS THE WORLD, 80 00:03:52,332 --> 00:03:54,601 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSHEP HAS BEEN DEVELOPING A TECHNIQUE 81 00:03:54,634 --> 00:03:56,703 {\an7}TO TRY AND SEE THE UNSEEN. 82 00:03:59,406 --> 00:04:03,343 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hSHEP IS TARGETING THE VERY CENTER OF THE GALAXY, 83 00:04:03,376 --> 00:04:07,280 {\an7}WHERE ASTRONOMERS HAVE RECORDED A CLUSTER OF STARS 84 00:04:07,314 --> 00:04:09,416 {\an7}ORBITING SOMETHING STRANGE. 85 00:04:12,119 --> 00:04:14,755 {\an7}THE STARS ARE ORBITING SO FAST, 86 00:04:14,788 --> 00:04:16,490 {\an7}SCIENTISTS HAVE CALCULATED 87 00:04:16,523 --> 00:04:22,262 {\an7}\hIT MUST HAVE THE MASS OF OVER 4 MILLION SUNS. 88 00:04:22,295 --> 00:04:24,898 {\an7}THE BEST EXPLANATION? 89 00:04:24,931 --> 00:04:26,800 {\an7}A BLACK HOLE. 90 00:04:30,103 --> 00:04:33,039 {\an7}SHEP WANTS TO USE \hRADIO-TELESCOPES 91 00:04:33,073 --> 00:04:35,742 {\an7}TO TRY AND SEE THIS BLACK HOLE. 92 00:04:35,776 --> 00:04:37,378 {\an7}BUT THERE’S A PROBLEM. 93 00:04:37,410 --> 00:04:40,513 {\an7}ALTHOUGH IT’S PREDICTED TO BE \h\hMUCH LARGER THAN THE SUN, 94 00:04:40,547 --> 00:04:45,118 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM EARTH IT’S 26,000 LIGHTYEARS AWAY. 95 00:04:45,152 --> 00:04:47,321 {\an7}THIS IS SUCH A SMALL TARGET, 96 00:04:47,354 --> 00:04:49,690 {\an7}THERE’S NO TELESCOPE \h\h\h\hIN EXISTENCE 97 00:04:49,723 --> 00:04:52,125 {\an7}THAT HAS THE POWER TO SEE IT. 98 00:04:52,159 --> 00:04:54,928 {\an7}Shep: THE ENTIRE REASON THIS HASN’T BEEN DONE UP TILL NOW 99 00:04:54,961 --> 00:04:57,197 {\an7}IS THAT BLACK HOLES ARE EXTREMELY SMALL. 100 00:04:57,230 --> 00:05:00,100 {\an7}IT WOULD BE THE EQUIVALENT OF TRYING TO SEE AN ORANGE 101 00:05:00,133 --> 00:05:01,835 {\an7}AT THE DISTANCE OF THE MOON. 102 00:05:01,868 --> 00:05:03,436 {\an7}SO WE HAVE TO BUILD A TELESCOPE. 103 00:05:03,470 --> 00:05:06,073 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWE HAVE TO BUILD A FUNDAMENTALLY NEW INSTRUMENT 104 00:05:06,106 --> 00:05:08,241 {\an7}THAT CAN SEE THINGS THAT ARE THAT SMALL. 105 00:05:10,043 --> 00:05:13,079 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: TO ACHIEVE THIS UNPRECEDENTED POWER, 106 00:05:13,113 --> 00:05:14,247 {\an7}FOR THE LAST DECADE, 107 00:05:14,281 --> 00:05:18,685 {\an7}SHEP HAS BEEN WORKING TOWARDS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA MASTER-PLAN. 108 00:05:18,718 --> 00:05:22,589 {\an7}\h\h\h\hHE WANTS TO COMBINE EIGHT SEPARATE TELESCOPES-- 109 00:05:22,622 --> 00:05:23,857 {\an7}IN SPAIN, 110 00:05:23,890 --> 00:05:26,526 {\an7}MEXICO, 111 00:05:26,560 --> 00:05:30,197 {\an7}ARIZONA, 112 00:05:30,230 --> 00:05:31,865 {\an7}HAWAII, 113 00:05:31,898 --> 00:05:33,767 {\an7}CHILE, 114 00:05:33,800 --> 00:05:36,636 {\an7}AND THE SOUTH POLE. 115 00:05:36,670 --> 00:05:38,539 {\an7}THIS EARTH-SIZED NETWORK 116 00:05:38,572 --> 00:05:42,643 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIS CALLED THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE. 117 00:05:42,676 --> 00:05:44,444 {\an7}TO CAPTURE THE CRUCIAL IMAGE, 118 00:05:44,477 --> 00:05:47,680 {\an7}ALL EIGHT DISHES MUST POINT \h\h\hTOWARDS THE BLACK HOLE 119 00:05:47,714 --> 00:05:50,517 {\an7}AT EXACTLY THE SAME TIME. 120 00:05:50,550 --> 00:05:54,854 {\an7}Shep: WE’RE LINKING TELESCOPES ABOUT 10,000 KILOMETERS APART, 121 00:05:54,888 --> 00:05:56,189 {\an7}EVEN MORE THAN THAT. 122 00:05:56,223 --> 00:05:58,058 {\an7}BY SPANNING THE GLOBE, 123 00:05:58,091 --> 00:06:00,527 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hYOU CREATE A NEW KIND OF INSTRUMENT 124 00:06:00,560 --> 00:06:02,829 {\an7}THAT CAN SEE A BLACK HOLE. 125 00:06:02,863 --> 00:06:04,665 {\an7}THAT’S THE SECRET SAUCE, 126 00:06:04,698 --> 00:06:07,668 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT’S THE SECRET OF THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE. 127 00:06:14,207 --> 00:06:18,011 {\an7}Narrator: IT’S A MONUMENTAL \hTECHNOLOGICAL UNDERTAKING. 128 00:06:21,715 --> 00:06:25,252 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAT EACH OF THE EIGHT OBSERVATORIES ACROSS THE WORLD, 129 00:06:25,285 --> 00:06:27,754 {\an7}RADIO WAVES FROM AROUND \h\h\h\h\hTHE BLACK HOLE 130 00:06:27,787 --> 00:06:29,589 {\an7}MUST BE RECORDED 131 00:06:29,623 --> 00:06:30,591 {\an7}AND THE DATA STORED 132 00:06:30,624 --> 00:06:34,862 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hONTO HUNDREDS OF SPECIALIZED HARD DRIVES. 133 00:06:34,895 --> 00:06:37,498 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHESE DRIVES MUST THEN BE TRANSPORTED 134 00:06:37,530 --> 00:06:40,166 {\an7}TO THE MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN GERMANY 135 00:06:40,200 --> 00:06:42,903 {\an7}AND HAYSTACK OBSERVATORY \h\h\hIN MASSACHUSETTS, 136 00:06:42,936 --> 00:06:47,240 {\an7}WHERE THE DATA WILL BE COMBINED INSIDE GIANT SUPERCOMPUTERS 137 00:06:47,274 --> 00:06:49,476 {\an7}CALLED CORRELATORS. 138 00:06:49,509 --> 00:06:52,479 {\an7}\h\h\hShep: THIS CORRELATOR IS THE FINAL PIECE OF THE PUZZLE. 139 00:06:52,512 --> 00:06:54,114 {\an7}\h\hTHE FIRST PART IS COLLECTING DATA 140 00:06:54,147 --> 00:06:56,449 {\an7}AT DIFFERENT SPOTS AROUND THE GLOBE. 141 00:06:56,483 --> 00:06:59,319 {\an7}THE SECOND PIECE, THOUGH, \hIS COMBINING THAT DATA. 142 00:06:59,352 --> 00:07:01,254 {\an7}\h\hAND THAT’S WHAT THE CORRELATOR DOES. 143 00:07:03,356 --> 00:07:08,194 {\an7}Narrator: ONLY THEN WILL THIS EARTH-SIZED TELESCOPE NETWORK 144 00:07:08,228 --> 00:07:12,466 {\an7}HAVE A CHANCE TO MAKE AN IMAGE \h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF A BLACK HOLE. 145 00:07:12,499 --> 00:07:14,368 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTegmark: IF THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE 146 00:07:14,401 --> 00:07:17,404 {\an7}MANAGES TO ACTUALLY TAKE \h\hA HIGH-QUALITY PHOTO 147 00:07:17,437 --> 00:07:19,339 {\an7}OF A BLACK HOLE, 148 00:07:19,372 --> 00:07:21,174 {\an7}THAT’S NOT AN IMPRESSIVE FEAT; 149 00:07:21,207 --> 00:07:23,342 {\an7}IT’S A MIND-BLOWING FEAT. 150 00:07:23,376 --> 00:07:26,679 {\an7}IT’S A TECHNICAL TOUR DE FORCE LIKE WE’VE NEVER SEEN BEFORE. 151 00:07:28,081 --> 00:07:30,383 {\an7}Narrator: BUT WHAT DOES SHEP’S TEAM HOPE TO SEE 152 00:07:30,417 --> 00:07:35,622 {\an7}IF A BLACK HOLE ALLOWS NOTHING, NOT EVEN LIGHT, TO ESCAPE? 153 00:07:39,926 --> 00:07:45,064 {\an7}A BLACK HOLE ITSELF \h\h\hIS INVISIBLE, 154 00:07:45,098 --> 00:07:47,467 {\an7}BUT MATTER FALLING INTO IT 155 00:07:47,500 --> 00:07:49,235 {\an7}SHOULD GIVE IT AWAY. 156 00:07:50,704 --> 00:07:55,042 {\an7}\h\h\hITS INTENSE GRAVITY ATTRACTS INTERSTELLAR GAS 157 00:07:55,075 --> 00:08:00,514 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND PULLS IT INTO A FASTER AND FASTER ORBIT. 158 00:08:00,547 --> 00:08:04,985 {\an7}\h\hTHIS HEATS THE GAS TO BILLIONS OF DEGREES 159 00:08:05,018 --> 00:08:06,319 {\an7}AND EMITS A GLOW 160 00:08:06,353 --> 00:08:09,456 {\an7}\hTHAT THE TELESCOPES MAY BE ABLE TO DETECT. 161 00:08:10,490 --> 00:08:14,027 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIF OUR IDEAS ABOUT BLACK HOLES ARE TRUE, 162 00:08:14,060 --> 00:08:18,731 {\an7}THE TEAM PREDICTS THEY WILL SEE A CIRCULAR RING OF LIGHT 163 00:08:18,765 --> 00:08:21,468 {\an7}\hAND THE SHADOW OF A BLACK HOLE. 164 00:08:27,407 --> 00:08:31,945 {\an7}\hFOR PHYSICISTS, A LOT IS AT STAKE. 165 00:08:31,978 --> 00:08:33,680 {\an7}A PICTURE OF A BLACK HOLE 166 00:08:33,713 --> 00:08:37,483 {\an7}\h\hWILL TEST ONE OF THE MOST TREASURED THEORIES IN SCIENCE, 167 00:08:37,517 --> 00:08:40,920 {\an7}\h\hEINSTEIN’S THEORY OF GENERAL RELATIVITY. 168 00:08:40,954 --> 00:08:46,159 {\an7}HIS THEORY SAYS THAT MASS CURVES THE FABRIC OF SPACE AND TIME, 169 00:08:46,192 --> 00:08:49,395 {\an7}\h\hCREATING AN EFFECT THAT WE CALL GRAVITY. 170 00:08:49,429 --> 00:08:52,365 {\an7}Hughes: EINSTEIN’S THEORY \hOF RELATIVISTIC GRAVITY, 171 00:08:52,399 --> 00:08:54,701 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT IS WHAT LAYS THE FOUNDATIONS 172 00:08:54,734 --> 00:08:58,071 {\an7}\hTHAT SET ALL OF OUR UNDERSTANDING. 173 00:08:58,104 --> 00:09:01,140 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSTEP 1 IS JUST, DID EINSTEIN GET IT RIGHT? 174 00:09:01,174 --> 00:09:04,044 {\an7}\h\hIS THERE SOME DETAIL THAT’S BEEN OVERLOOKED? 175 00:09:04,077 --> 00:09:05,445 {\an7}Narrator: FOR A HUNDRED YEARS, 176 00:09:05,478 --> 00:09:08,648 {\an7}\h\hEINSTEIN’S THEORY HAS PASSED EVERY TEST. 177 00:09:08,681 --> 00:09:12,552 {\an7}\h\hBUT NOBODY HAS EVER SEEN ITS MOST EXTREME PREDICTION. 178 00:09:12,585 --> 00:09:16,722 {\an7}IF ENOUGH MASS WAS CRUSHED INTO A SMALL ENOUGH SPACE, 179 00:09:16,756 --> 00:09:19,892 {\an7}THE GRAVITY WOULD BE SO STRONG, 180 00:09:19,926 --> 00:09:22,462 {\an7}IT WOULD FORM A BLACK HOLE. 181 00:09:22,495 --> 00:09:24,530 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGreene: HOW WONDERFUL WOULD IT BE 182 00:09:24,564 --> 00:09:29,069 {\an7}\hIF THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE SHOWS US THAT IN EXTREME REALMS, 183 00:09:29,102 --> 00:09:32,272 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEINSTEIN IS NOT COMPLETELY RIGHT? 184 00:09:32,305 --> 00:09:36,075 {\an7}\h\h\hIT WILL BE ONE OF THE MOST THRILLING DISCOVERIES OF OUR AGE 185 00:09:36,109 --> 00:09:38,478 {\an7}\hAS WE WILL THEN LEAP-FROG FORWARD 186 00:09:38,511 --> 00:09:41,481 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN OUR GRASP OF HOW THE UNIVERSE WORKS. 187 00:09:41,514 --> 00:09:44,083 {\an7}Narrator: A CHALLENGE \hTO EINSTEIN’S THEORY 188 00:09:44,117 --> 00:09:46,453 {\an7}AND A NEW ERA OF ASTRONOMY 189 00:09:46,486 --> 00:09:48,021 {\an7}RESTS ON THE SUCCESS 190 00:09:48,054 --> 00:09:51,057 {\an7}OF THE EVENT HORIZON \h\hTELESCOPE TEAM. 191 00:09:52,225 --> 00:09:59,666 {\an7}♪ 192 00:09:59,699 --> 00:10:02,101 {\an7}THERE ARE NOW JUST THREE MONTHS 193 00:10:02,135 --> 00:10:05,238 {\an7}UNTIL THE TEAM WILL ATTEMPT \hTO OBSERVE THE BLACK HOLE 194 00:10:05,271 --> 00:10:08,007 {\an7}\h\hUSING A NETWORK OF EIGHT TELESCOPES. 195 00:10:10,910 --> 00:10:13,679 {\an7}BUT THERE’S A LOT TO DO. 196 00:10:13,713 --> 00:10:17,350 {\an7}\h\h\hSHEP HAS COME TO ONE OF THE TELESCOPES IN THE NETWORK 197 00:10:17,383 --> 00:10:20,319 {\an7}TO OVERSEE A CRUCIAL TEST RUN. 198 00:10:20,353 --> 00:10:22,288 {\an7}Shep: WHAT REALLY GETS US \h\h\h\h\h\h\hOUT OF BED, 199 00:10:22,322 --> 00:10:24,524 {\an7}WHAT REALLY GETS US MOTIVATED FOR THIS, 200 00:10:24,557 --> 00:10:28,227 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIS BUILDING A NEW KIND OF INSTRUMENT. 201 00:10:28,261 --> 00:10:29,696 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHEN YOU THINK OF BUILDING A TELESCOPE 202 00:10:29,729 --> 00:10:30,930 {\an7}AS LARGE AS THE EARTH, 203 00:10:30,964 --> 00:10:35,035 {\an7}THAT IN AND OF ITSELF IS SUCH A CRAZY IDEA. 204 00:10:37,303 --> 00:10:40,106 {\an7}Narrator: NONE OF THE TELESCOPES WERE ORIGINALLY DESIGNED 205 00:10:40,140 --> 00:10:44,011 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTO CONNECT IN THIS GIANT NETWORK. 206 00:10:44,043 --> 00:10:46,245 {\an7}SO THE TEAM MUST FIT \h\h\hEACH TELESCOPE 207 00:10:46,279 --> 00:10:47,981 {\an7}WITH SPECIAL EQUIPMENT 208 00:10:48,014 --> 00:10:50,617 {\an7}AND CUSTOMIZE THEM \hTO MAKE IT WORK. 209 00:10:50,650 --> 00:10:53,086 {\an7}\hShep: WE’RE OPERATING A LITTLE BIT ON FAITH-- 210 00:10:53,119 --> 00:10:56,289 {\an7}FAITH THAT WE’VE CHECKED \hEVERYTHING THAT WE CAN 211 00:10:56,322 --> 00:10:58,291 {\an7}AND THAT IT’S WORKING PROPERLY. 212 00:10:58,324 --> 00:11:01,093 {\an7}Narrator: SHEP AND THE TEAM ARE HOPING THAT THE TEST RUN 213 00:11:01,127 --> 00:11:04,030 {\an7}GOES ACCORDING TO PLAN. 214 00:11:04,063 --> 00:11:06,198 {\an7}Shep: WE SPEND ALL OF OUR TIME \h\h\h\h\h\h\hBEING PARANOID. 215 00:11:06,232 --> 00:11:09,001 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHERE’S A SAYING, ONLY THE PARANOID SURVIVE. 216 00:11:15,241 --> 00:11:17,944 {\an7}\h\hNarrator: TO CONNECT THE TELESCOPES TOGETHER, 217 00:11:17,977 --> 00:11:19,879 {\an7}\hTHE TEAM IS USING A SPECIAL TECHNIQUE 218 00:11:19,913 --> 00:11:25,252 {\an7}CALLED VERY-LONG-BASELINE \h\h\h\h\hINTERFEROMETRY. 219 00:11:25,285 --> 00:11:27,821 {\an7}BUT THERE IS A BIG CHALLENGE. 220 00:11:27,854 --> 00:11:29,956 {\an7}DURING THE OBSERVATIONS, 221 00:11:29,989 --> 00:11:33,493 {\an7}THEY WON’T SEE ANY RESULTS \h\h\h\h\h\hIN REAL TIME. 222 00:11:35,628 --> 00:11:38,731 {\an7}\h\h\hShep: THE VERY NATURE OF THE TECHNIQUE WE’RE USING 223 00:11:38,765 --> 00:11:42,902 {\an7}IS THAT WE’RE NOT GONNA KNOW \hIF THESE OBSERVATIONS WORK 224 00:11:42,936 --> 00:11:44,204 {\an7}UNTIL WE GET ALL THE DATA BACK 225 00:11:44,237 --> 00:11:46,539 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTO A CENTRAL PROCESSING FACILITY. 226 00:11:46,573 --> 00:11:50,577 {\an7}\h\hSO WE’RE HERE TO DO WHAT’S CALLED A DRY RUN, 227 00:11:50,610 --> 00:11:54,447 {\an7}TO MAKE SURE THAT EVERYTHING \h\h\h\hRUNS LIKE CLOCKWORK. 228 00:11:54,480 --> 00:11:55,381 {\an7}Man: SCAN 2. 229 00:11:55,415 --> 00:11:57,918 {\an7}SOMEBODY WROTE .78. \h\h\h\h\hIT’S .078. 230 00:11:57,951 --> 00:11:59,152 {\an7}WHO WROTE THAT? 231 00:11:59,185 --> 00:12:01,754 {\an7}Narrator: DURING THE CRITICAL \h\h\h\h\h\h\hOBSERVATION RUN, 232 00:12:01,788 --> 00:12:03,623 {\an7}THERE’S A LOT THAT CAN GO WRONG. 233 00:12:08,194 --> 00:12:10,930 {\an7}\h\hTHE RADIO SIGNAL FROM THE BLACK HOLE 234 00:12:10,964 --> 00:12:14,367 {\an7}\hMUST BE RECORDED AT EACH TELESCOPE 235 00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:19,872 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THE DATA STORED ONTO SPECIALIZED HARD DRIVES. 236 00:12:19,906 --> 00:12:22,542 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT CLOUDS CAN OBSCURE THE SIGNAL 237 00:12:22,575 --> 00:12:24,877 {\an7}AND EQUIPMENT COULD FAIL, 238 00:12:24,911 --> 00:12:26,212 {\an7}KNOCKING ONE OR MORE 239 00:12:26,246 --> 00:12:27,681 {\an7}OF THE TELESCOPES 240 00:12:27,714 --> 00:12:30,116 {\an7}OUT OF THE NETWORK. 241 00:12:30,149 --> 00:12:32,385 {\an7}SO THE TEAM NEEDS CLEAR WEATHER 242 00:12:32,418 --> 00:12:34,921 {\an7}AND PERFECTLY WORKING TELESCOPES 243 00:12:34,954 --> 00:12:37,890 {\an7}AT EVERY LOCATION ACROSS THE GLOBE, 244 00:12:37,924 --> 00:12:40,193 {\an7}SIMULTANEOUSLY. 245 00:12:40,226 --> 00:12:42,328 {\an7}IF JUST ONE TELESCOPE FAILS, 246 00:12:42,362 --> 00:12:45,065 {\an7}THEY MIGHT NOT GET AN IMAGE. 247 00:12:45,098 --> 00:12:47,567 {\an7}\h\h\hAFTER THE DATA HAVE BEEN RECORDED, 248 00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:49,902 {\an7}THE FILLED HARD DRIVES \h\h\hWILL BE SHIPPED 249 00:12:49,936 --> 00:12:52,238 {\an7}TO MASSACHUSETTS \h\hAND GERMANY, 250 00:12:52,272 --> 00:12:54,207 {\an7}WHERE THE DATA MUST BE COMBINED, 251 00:12:54,240 --> 00:12:58,344 {\an7}AND THEY WILL KNOW IF THEIR \hAMBITIOUS PLAN HAS WORKED. 252 00:12:58,378 --> 00:12:59,713 {\an7}Man: EVERYTHING’S ALL SET? 253 00:12:59,746 --> 00:13:01,081 {\an7}Man: YEAH, I HOPE SO. 254 00:13:01,114 --> 00:13:02,215 {\an7}Narrator: IN MEXICO, 255 00:13:02,248 --> 00:13:06,119 {\an7}ASTRONOMER GOPAL NARAYANAN \h\h\h\h\h\hIS IN CHARGE. 256 00:13:06,152 --> 00:13:07,253 {\an7}\hGopal Narayanan: THE WHOLE PURPOSE 257 00:13:07,287 --> 00:13:08,922 {\an7}OF THE TEST OBSERVATIONS \h\h\h\h\h\hWE’RE DOING 258 00:13:08,955 --> 00:13:10,590 {\an7}IS TO BRING IN A COUPLE 259 00:13:10,623 --> 00:13:12,758 {\an7}OF NEW FACILITIES. 260 00:13:12,792 --> 00:13:15,762 {\an7}WE’RE GOING TO BRING IN APEX, \h\h\h\h\h\hWHICH IS IN CHILE, 261 00:13:15,795 --> 00:13:18,097 {\an7}PICO VELETA IN EUROPE, 262 00:13:18,131 --> 00:13:19,666 {\an7}AND THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE. 263 00:13:23,536 --> 00:13:26,305 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: OUT OF ALL OF THE TELESCOPES IN THE NETWORK, 264 00:13:26,339 --> 00:13:32,512 {\an7}THE SOUTH POLE IS CRITICAL TO MAKE AN IMAGE OF A BLACK HOLE. 265 00:13:32,545 --> 00:13:37,984 {\an7}FROM MEXICO, THE SOUTH POLE IS NEARLY 8,000 MILES AWAY. 266 00:13:38,017 --> 00:13:40,520 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE HUGE DISTANCE BETWEEN THESE TELESCOPES 267 00:13:40,553 --> 00:13:44,524 {\an7}WILL HELP THE TEAM GET AN IMAGE WITH MUCH GREATER RESOLUTION. 268 00:13:44,557 --> 00:13:46,993 {\an7}PHYSICIST DAN MARRONE \h\h\h\h\hAND HIS TEAM 269 00:13:47,026 --> 00:13:49,629 {\an7}\h\h\hHAVE TRAVELED HERE TO THE ENDS OF THE EARTH 270 00:13:49,662 --> 00:13:51,531 {\an7}TO GET THE TELESCOPE READY. 271 00:13:51,564 --> 00:13:53,199 {\an7}Dan Marrone: BY INCLUDING THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE, 272 00:13:53,232 --> 00:13:56,535 {\an7}WE REALLY TRULY MAKE A TELESCOPE THE SIZE OF THE EARTH. 273 00:13:56,569 --> 00:13:59,138 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIT MORE THAN DOUBLES THE RESOLUTION OF THE ARRAY 274 00:13:59,172 --> 00:14:02,042 {\an7}AND GIVES US THAT LAST BIT \h\hOF DETAIL THAT WE NEED 275 00:14:02,075 --> 00:14:04,277 {\an7}TO MAKE A PICTURE \hOF A BLACK HOLE. 276 00:14:05,912 --> 00:14:07,380 {\an7}Narrator: IT’S JANUARY, 277 00:14:07,413 --> 00:14:11,150 {\an7}AND THE WEATHER IS A BITING \h\h\h33 DEGREES BELOW ZERO. 278 00:14:11,184 --> 00:14:12,252 {\an7}Marrone: SO IT’S PRETTY COLD. 279 00:14:12,285 --> 00:14:14,788 {\an7}THE WINDCHILL RIGHT NOW \h\hIS AROUND MINUS 70. 280 00:14:16,923 --> 00:14:18,224 {\an7}Narrator: DESPITE THE COLD, 281 00:14:18,257 --> 00:14:24,263 {\an7}THE TEAM STILL NEEDS TO PREPARE FOR THE TEST OBSERVATIONS. 282 00:14:24,297 --> 00:14:26,733 {\an7}\h\h\hTHEY MUST INSTALL THIS CUSTOM-BUILT MIRROR 283 00:14:26,766 --> 00:14:28,101 {\an7}TO THE TELESCOPE 284 00:14:28,134 --> 00:14:32,372 {\an7}WITH SUBMILLIMETER ACCURACY. 285 00:14:32,405 --> 00:14:35,842 {\an7}Marrone: OK. I DO BELIEVE THE TERTIARY IS INSTALLED. 286 00:14:35,875 --> 00:14:38,444 {\an7}\h\h\hWE HAVE TO HAVE THIS MIRROR POSITIONED 287 00:14:38,478 --> 00:14:41,081 {\an7}SO THAT THE LIGHT FROM THIS \h\hGIANT 10-METER TELESCOPE 288 00:14:41,114 --> 00:14:44,050 {\an7}IS FOCUSED PRECISELY \h\hON OUR RECEIVER. 289 00:14:44,083 --> 00:14:45,518 {\an7}\h\h\hUH, SO THAT TOOK A LITTLE BIT OF DOING, 290 00:14:45,551 --> 00:14:48,621 {\an7}BUT WE THINK WE HAVE IT RIGHT \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hABOUT NOW. 291 00:14:48,654 --> 00:14:50,923 {\an7}Narrator: THE MIRROR IS IN, 292 00:14:50,957 --> 00:14:53,660 {\an7}BUT UNTIL THE OBSERVATIONS \h\h\h\h\h\hARE COMPLETE, 293 00:14:53,693 --> 00:14:55,662 {\an7}THEY WON’T KNOW IF IT’S WORKED. 294 00:14:57,697 --> 00:14:59,432 {\an7}BACK IN MEXICO, 295 00:14:59,465 --> 00:15:03,235 {\an7}GOPAL AND THE TEAM GET READY TO START THE TRIAL OBSERVATION RUN 296 00:15:03,269 --> 00:15:05,371 {\an7}WITH THE FOUR TELESCOPES. 297 00:15:05,405 --> 00:15:07,274 {\an7}\hTHEY WILL RECORD THE RADIO EMISSION 298 00:15:07,306 --> 00:15:09,909 {\an7}FROM BRIGHT SOURCES \h\h\hCALLED QUASARS 299 00:15:09,942 --> 00:15:12,077 {\an7}TO TEST THE NETWORK. 300 00:15:12,111 --> 00:15:14,080 {\an7}DATA SPECIALIST LINDY BLACKBURN 301 00:15:14,113 --> 00:15:16,849 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIS IN CHARGE OF RECORDING THE DATA. 302 00:15:16,883 --> 00:15:18,151 {\an7}Man: ONE MINUTE TO GO. 303 00:15:18,184 --> 00:15:21,320 {\an7}\hGopal: ONE MINUTE TO GO. IS LINDY HAPPY WITH THIS? 304 00:15:21,354 --> 00:15:23,089 {\an7}[BUZZING] 305 00:15:23,122 --> 00:15:26,292 {\an7}Gopal: HERE WE GO. WE’RE ON. 306 00:15:26,325 --> 00:15:29,061 {\an7}Narrator: BUT AS THE TEST \h\hOBSERVATIONS BEGIN... 307 00:15:31,097 --> 00:15:32,865 {\an7}Gopal: OK, RECORDING. 308 00:15:32,899 --> 00:15:35,668 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THERE’S AN UNEXPECTED PROBLEM. 309 00:15:35,701 --> 00:15:37,102 {\an7}Man: NO LIGHTS. 310 00:15:37,136 --> 00:15:38,304 {\an7}Lindy: NO LIGHTS? 311 00:15:38,337 --> 00:15:39,438 {\an7}Narrator: A BUG IN THE CODE 312 00:15:39,472 --> 00:15:42,642 {\an7}MEANS THE RECORDING LIGHTS \h\h\h\hARE NOT COMING ON. 313 00:15:42,675 --> 00:15:44,377 {\an7}Lindy: IT’S TRYING TO RECORD. 314 00:15:44,410 --> 00:15:46,712 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGopal: IT’S TRYING TO RECORD? OK. 315 00:15:46,746 --> 00:15:48,514 {\an7}SENDING DATA TO RECORD-- 316 00:15:48,548 --> 00:15:51,918 {\an7}\h\hONLY THE VERY LAST STEP IN THIS WHOLE FINE PROCESS, 317 00:15:51,951 --> 00:15:54,320 {\an7}\h\h\hWHICH IS ALBEIT A VERY IMPORTANT STEP, 318 00:15:54,353 --> 00:15:55,421 {\an7}WHICH IS TO RECORD THE DAMN DATA 319 00:15:55,455 --> 00:15:57,390 {\an7}\h\h\hWE’VE COLLECTED ALL THROUGH THE CHAIN. 320 00:15:57,423 --> 00:15:59,992 {\an7}THAT IS NOT HAPPENING RIGHT NOW. 321 00:16:00,026 --> 00:16:01,227 {\an7}Narrator: WITHOUT DATA, 322 00:16:01,260 --> 00:16:05,164 {\an7}THE TELESCOPE IS KNOCKED OUT \h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE NETWORK. 323 00:16:05,198 --> 00:16:09,669 {\an7}\h\hGopal: LINDY IS WORKING FURIOUSLY TO FIND THE FIXES. 324 00:16:09,702 --> 00:16:12,038 {\an7}AND I THINK WE’RE HOPEFUL. 325 00:16:12,071 --> 00:16:13,639 {\an7}SO THE I.F. LEVELS LOOK FINE. 326 00:16:13,673 --> 00:16:14,474 {\an7}Lindy: YEAH. 327 00:16:14,507 --> 00:16:17,643 {\an7}\h\h\hGopal: TELL ME IT’S WORKING, LINDY. 328 00:16:17,677 --> 00:16:19,212 {\an7}Man: NO. 329 00:16:19,245 --> 00:16:22,515 {\an7}[BLEEP] 330 00:16:22,548 --> 00:16:23,649 {\an7}Lindy: SAME PROBLEM. 331 00:16:23,683 --> 00:16:24,751 {\an7}I CHANGED THE ORDER 332 00:16:24,784 --> 00:16:27,186 {\an7}THAT I THOUGHT WAS THE INITIAL \h\h\h\h\hPROBLEM WITH THE... 333 00:16:27,220 --> 00:16:28,655 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGopal: YOU’RE HOPING THAT WE’LL GET 334 00:16:28,688 --> 00:16:31,090 {\an7}THIS RECORDING TO START, LINDY? 335 00:16:31,123 --> 00:16:33,425 {\an7}Lindy: I REALLY DON’T KNOW. 336 00:16:33,459 --> 00:16:35,194 {\an7}Woman: ALL READY? 337 00:16:35,228 --> 00:16:36,663 {\an7}Man: 10 SECONDS TO GO. 338 00:16:41,133 --> 00:16:42,101 {\an7}Man: LIGHTS. 339 00:16:42,134 --> 00:16:45,704 {\an7}Gopal: YAY! 340 00:16:45,738 --> 00:16:47,873 {\an7}GOOD JOB, LINDY! 341 00:16:47,907 --> 00:16:50,877 {\an7}Narrator: IT’S 2:46 A.M. 342 00:16:50,910 --> 00:16:53,413 {\an7}THE TEAM HAS RECORDED \h\h\hTHE QUASAR DATA. 343 00:16:56,282 --> 00:16:58,918 {\an7}BUT THEY WON’T FIND OUT \hIF THE TEST HAS WORKED 344 00:16:58,951 --> 00:17:01,253 {\an7}\h\h\hUNTIL THE DATA HAVE BEEN ANALYZED. 345 00:17:03,256 --> 00:17:04,491 {\an7}ONLY THEN WILL THE TEAM KNOW 346 00:17:04,524 --> 00:17:08,228 {\an7}\h\h\hIF THEY STAND A CHANCE ON THE REAL OBSERVATION RUN 347 00:17:08,261 --> 00:17:11,464 {\an7}WHEN THEY ATTEMPT TO RECORD \hAN IMAGE OF A BLACK HOLE. 348 00:17:16,168 --> 00:17:19,405 {\an7}AN IMAGE OF A BLACK HOLE \hWILL PROVIDE A NEW WAY 349 00:17:19,438 --> 00:17:23,776 {\an7}TO TEST EINSTEIN’S MOST EXTREME THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS. 350 00:17:23,809 --> 00:17:25,644 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGreene: EINSTEIN’S EQUATIONS SHOW US 351 00:17:25,678 --> 00:17:28,247 {\an7}THAT IF YOU SPEND AN HOUR OR TWO AT THE EDGE OF A BLACK HOLE 352 00:17:28,281 --> 00:17:30,917 {\an7}AND THEN COME BACK TO EARTH, \h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR INSTANCE, 353 00:17:30,950 --> 00:17:32,785 {\an7}EARTH MIGHT HAVE AGED \h\h\h\h\hTEN THOUSAND 354 00:17:32,818 --> 00:17:34,787 {\an7}OR A MILLION OR A BILLION YEARS. 355 00:17:34,820 --> 00:17:36,422 {\an7}SO WHEN WE ARE OBSERVING 356 00:17:36,455 --> 00:17:38,324 {\an7}THE EVENT HORIZON \hOF A BLACK HOLE, 357 00:17:38,357 --> 00:17:40,993 {\an7}WE ARE OBSERVING WHAT REALLY \h\h\h\hCAN BE CHARACTERIZED 358 00:17:41,027 --> 00:17:43,329 {\an7}AS A TIME MACHINE. 359 00:17:43,362 --> 00:17:46,098 {\an7}Narrator: YET DESPITE EINSTEIN’S EQUATIONS, 360 00:17:46,132 --> 00:17:49,202 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hEVEN HE DIDN’T THINK THAT BLACK HOLES COULD EXIST. 361 00:17:49,235 --> 00:17:53,139 {\an7}HE DIDN’T BELIEVE THERE WAS A WAY THEY COULD EVER FORM. 362 00:17:53,172 --> 00:17:55,741 {\an7}\h\hLevin: THAT’S A SENSIBLE OBJECTION THAT EINSTEIN HAD. 363 00:17:55,775 --> 00:17:58,278 {\an7}I MEAN, AFTER ALL, IT WOULD BE \hVERY, VERY, VERY HARD TO DO, 364 00:17:58,311 --> 00:18:02,115 {\an7}\hTO CRUSH ALL THE MASS OF SOMETHING TO A POINT. 365 00:18:02,148 --> 00:18:05,051 {\an7}\h\hEINSTEIN NATURALLY AND REASONABLY ASSUMED 366 00:18:05,084 --> 00:18:07,119 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT MATTER JUST WOULDN’T ALLOW ITSELF 367 00:18:07,153 --> 00:18:08,955 {\an7}TO BE COMPACTED THAT MUCH. 368 00:18:11,791 --> 00:18:15,228 {\an7}\h\hNarrator: BUT EVIDENCE OF A MECHANISM HAS BEEN GROWING. 369 00:18:18,097 --> 00:18:21,167 {\an7}SCIENTISTS NOW BELIEVE \h\h\h\h\hA BLACK HOLE 370 00:18:21,200 --> 00:18:23,469 {\an7}IS THE CORPSE OF A GIANT STAR 371 00:18:23,502 --> 00:18:24,903 {\an7}THAT’S GONE SUPERNOVA. 372 00:18:24,937 --> 00:18:29,008 {\an7}[EXPLOSION] 373 00:18:29,041 --> 00:18:30,776 {\an7}DEEP INSIDE THE DEBRIS, 374 00:18:30,810 --> 00:18:36,582 {\an7}\hTHE SURVIVING CORE COLLAPSES TO AN INFINITELY SMALL POINT. 375 00:18:36,616 --> 00:18:39,686 {\an7}THIS IS CALLED THE SINGULARITY. 376 00:18:39,719 --> 00:18:43,957 {\an7}ITS INTENSE GRAVITY WARPS SPACE AND TIME SO SEVERELY 377 00:18:43,990 --> 00:18:46,192 {\an7}THAT NOTHING CAN ESCAPE, 378 00:18:46,225 --> 00:18:50,362 {\an7}FORMING THE BLACK HOLE’S \h\h\h\h\hEVENT HORIZON. 379 00:18:50,396 --> 00:18:51,664 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGreene: IT’S POSSIBLE THAT BLACK HOLES 380 00:18:51,697 --> 00:18:55,267 {\an7}ARE ULTIMATELY A FIGMENT OF \hTHE MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS 381 00:18:55,301 --> 00:18:56,669 {\an7}THAT EINSTEIN GAVE US. 382 00:18:56,702 --> 00:18:59,939 {\an7}\hBUT HOW BETTER TO BEGIN TO PUSH THIS UNDERSTANDING 383 00:18:59,972 --> 00:19:02,508 {\an7}\h\h\hTHAN TO LOOK AND SEE WHAT’S ACTUALLY OUT THERE? 384 00:19:02,541 --> 00:19:05,310 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THAT’S THE PROMISE OF THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE. 385 00:19:07,079 --> 00:19:09,448 {\an7}Narrator: THE TEAM HOPES \hTO TEST THESE THEORIES 386 00:19:09,482 --> 00:19:12,418 {\an7}BY TAKING A PICTURE \h\hOF A BLACK HOLE. 387 00:19:12,451 --> 00:19:13,852 {\an7}THEY HAVE TWO TARGETS 388 00:19:13,886 --> 00:19:17,289 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE CENTERS OF TWO DIFFERENT GALAXIES-- 389 00:19:17,323 --> 00:19:21,027 {\an7}ONE CALLED SAGITTARIUS A-STAR; 390 00:19:21,060 --> 00:19:25,064 {\an7}THE OTHER CALLED M87. 391 00:19:25,097 --> 00:19:27,232 {\an7}Shep: THERE ARE ONLY A COUPLE OF TARGETS 392 00:19:27,266 --> 00:19:29,802 {\an7}IN THE UNIVERSE CURRENTLY 393 00:19:29,835 --> 00:19:31,236 {\an7}WHERE THE EVENT HORIZON \h\h\h\h\h\h\hTELESCOPE 394 00:19:31,270 --> 00:19:33,906 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hCOULD HOPE TO RESOLVE THE SILHOUETTE OF A BLACK HOLE, 395 00:19:33,939 --> 00:19:36,008 {\an7}\h\h\hTO SEE THE EDGE OF THE EVENT HORIZON. 396 00:19:36,042 --> 00:19:37,544 {\an7}M87 IS ONE OF THEM. 397 00:19:37,576 --> 00:19:40,679 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: THIS IMAGE SHOWING EMISSIONS FROM M87 398 00:19:40,713 --> 00:19:44,951 {\an7}IS THE CLOSEST ASTRONOMERS HAVE COME TO SEEING A BLACK HOLE, 399 00:19:44,984 --> 00:19:47,220 {\an7}BUT IT’S NOT CLOSE ENOUGH. 400 00:19:47,253 --> 00:19:49,088 {\an7}Shep: IF WE WANT TO IMAGE \h\h\h\hTHE EVENT HORIZON 401 00:19:49,121 --> 00:19:50,990 {\an7}WE HAVE TO MAKE AN IMAGE 402 00:19:51,023 --> 00:19:53,092 {\an7}\h\h\hOF WHAT’S INSIDE THIS LITTLE BOX HERE, 403 00:19:53,125 --> 00:19:56,528 {\an7}AT THE VERY CENTRAL CORE \h\h\h\hOF THIS GALAXY. 404 00:19:56,562 --> 00:19:58,864 {\an7}THAT’S WHAT WE’VE BEEN DIRECTING ALL OF OUR EFFORTS TOWARDS 405 00:19:58,898 --> 00:20:00,700 {\an7}FOR OVER A DECADE-- 406 00:20:00,733 --> 00:20:02,335 {\an7}TO FIND OUT WHAT HAPPENS 407 00:20:02,368 --> 00:20:05,371 {\an7}IN THIS PLACE THAT HAS BEEN OFF LIMITS TO US 408 00:20:05,404 --> 00:20:08,007 {\an7}SINCE THE BEGINNING \h\h\hOF ASTRONOMY. 409 00:20:08,040 --> 00:20:09,208 {\an7}Narrator: IF THEY SUCCEED, 410 00:20:09,241 --> 00:20:14,279 {\an7}COMPUTER SIMULATIONS SHOW \h\hTHEY SHOULD SEE THIS. 411 00:20:14,313 --> 00:20:20,386 {\an7}\h\hA RING OF LIGHT CIRCLING THE EDGE OF THE BLACK HOLE. 412 00:20:20,419 --> 00:20:22,054 {\an7}Shep: IF WE COULD SEE THIS RING, 413 00:20:22,088 --> 00:20:25,124 {\an7}IT WOULD BE THE BEST EVIDENCE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT WE HAVE 414 00:20:25,157 --> 00:20:27,326 {\an7}FOR THE EXISTENCE \hOF BLACK HOLES. 415 00:20:30,896 --> 00:20:35,167 {\an7}♪ 416 00:20:35,201 --> 00:20:37,236 {\an7}Narrator: IT’S BEEN THREE MONTHS 417 00:20:37,269 --> 00:20:40,539 {\an7}\hSINCE THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE TEAM RAN A TEST 418 00:20:40,573 --> 00:20:45,178 {\an7}\h\hUSING FOUR OUT OF EIGHT TELESCOPES IN THEIR NETWORK. 419 00:20:45,211 --> 00:20:50,349 {\an7}SINCE THE TEST RUN, THEY HAVE \h\hBEEN PROCESSING THE DATA. 420 00:20:50,382 --> 00:20:53,485 {\an7}AND DESPITE THE RECORDING \h\h\hPROBLEMS IN MEXICO, 421 00:20:53,519 --> 00:20:56,155 {\an7}\hTHE RESULTS SHOWED THAT FOUR TELESCOPES 422 00:20:56,188 --> 00:20:58,691 {\an7}COMBINED SUCCESSFULLY AS ONE. 423 00:21:03,062 --> 00:21:06,532 {\an7}\hTHE FULL OBSERVATION RUN IS NOW JUST ONE DAY AWAY, 424 00:21:06,565 --> 00:21:08,567 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SHEP IS AT THE BLACK HOLE INITIATIVE 425 00:21:08,601 --> 00:21:11,104 {\an7}IN CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS. 426 00:21:11,137 --> 00:21:13,272 {\an7}THIS WILL BE MISSION CONTROL. 427 00:21:15,574 --> 00:21:17,976 {\an7}THE TEAM NEEDS TO LINK \hEIGHT WORLD-LEADING, 428 00:21:18,010 --> 00:21:21,113 {\an7}\h\h\h\hMULTI-MILLION-DOLLAR OBSERVATORIES SIMULTANEOUSLY 429 00:21:21,147 --> 00:21:24,283 {\an7}TO CAPTURE THEIR IMAGE. 430 00:21:24,316 --> 00:21:27,119 {\an7}THEY HAVE A 10-DAY WINDOW \h\h\h\hAT THE TELESCOPES. 431 00:21:27,153 --> 00:21:29,689 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT CLOUDS AT ANY ONE OF THE LOCATIONS 432 00:21:29,722 --> 00:21:32,425 {\an7}WILL OBSCURE THE SIGNAL \h\hFROM THE BLACK HOLE 433 00:21:32,458 --> 00:21:34,660 {\an7}AND RUIN THE DATA. 434 00:21:34,693 --> 00:21:37,362 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSO EACH DAY SHEP NEEDS TO MAKE A CALL-- 435 00:21:37,396 --> 00:21:40,266 {\an7}IF THE NIGHT IS GO OR NO-GO. 436 00:21:40,299 --> 00:21:41,767 {\an7}Shep: WHETHER OR NOT \h\h\h\hYOU ENERGIZE 437 00:21:41,801 --> 00:21:44,270 {\an7}THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE \h\h\h\h\hON A GIVEN NIGHT, 438 00:21:44,303 --> 00:21:46,472 {\an7}THAT’S THE BIGGEST DECISION \h\h\h\h\h\h\hYOU CAN MAKE. 439 00:21:46,505 --> 00:21:48,974 {\an7}\hIF YOU MAKE THE RIGHT ONE, THEN YOU’VE GOT GREAT DATA. 440 00:21:49,008 --> 00:21:50,309 {\an7}IF YOU MAKE A WRONG DECISION, 441 00:21:50,342 --> 00:21:54,279 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hYOU’VE EXPENDED HUGE AMOUNTS OF RESOURCES. 442 00:21:54,313 --> 00:21:55,981 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: EACH NIGHT OF OBSERVATION 443 00:21:56,015 --> 00:21:58,150 {\an7}WILL COST THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS 444 00:21:58,184 --> 00:22:01,087 {\an7}AND EAT UP THEIR LIMITED \h\h\hHARD-DRIVE SPACE. 445 00:22:01,120 --> 00:22:03,089 {\an7}SHEP NEEDS FIVE NIGHTS OF DATA 446 00:22:03,122 --> 00:22:06,425 {\an7}TO STAND THE BEST CHANCE \h\hOF MAKING AN IMAGE. 447 00:22:06,458 --> 00:22:09,094 {\an7}JUDGING THE WEATHER CONDITIONS \h\h\h\h\h\h\hACROSS THE WORLD 448 00:22:09,128 --> 00:22:11,330 {\an7}WILL BE CRITICAL. 449 00:22:11,363 --> 00:22:14,600 {\an7}\h\hMan: PICO MIGHT GO ABOVE IN THE NEXT COUPLE OF DAYS. 450 00:22:14,633 --> 00:22:15,634 {\an7}Shep: THE ALMA LOOKS GOOD. 451 00:22:15,668 --> 00:22:17,837 {\an7}IF YOU MAKE THE WRONG \h\hGO/NO-GO DECISION, 452 00:22:17,870 --> 00:22:19,939 {\an7}YOU MAY HAVE JEOPARDIZED 453 00:22:19,972 --> 00:22:22,374 {\an7}YOUR ABILITY TO IMAGE \h\h\h\hA BLACK HOLE. 454 00:22:22,408 --> 00:22:25,578 {\an7}AND THAT’S WHAT CONSUMES US \h\hWHEN WE’RE IN THAT ROOM. 455 00:22:27,947 --> 00:22:31,551 {\an7}\h\hNarrator: THE COMMUNICATION AND WEATHER REPORTS ARE ONLINE. 456 00:22:31,584 --> 00:22:34,687 {\an7}NOW SHEP NEEDS TO MAKE SURE \hTHE TELESCOPES ARE READY. 457 00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:36,789 {\an7}Shep: WE WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT WE UNDERSTAND WHERE THINGS STAND 458 00:22:36,822 --> 00:22:38,223 {\an7}BY THE END OF TODAY, RIGHT? 459 00:22:38,257 --> 00:22:39,458 {\an7}\h\h\hBECAUSE IF SOMETHING IS NOT TECHNICALLY READY, 460 00:22:39,491 --> 00:22:41,426 {\an7}THEN WE REALLY DO \hHAVE A PROBLEM. 461 00:22:42,828 --> 00:22:45,731 {\an7}Narrator: HIGH IN THE ATACAMA \h\h\h\h\h\hDESERT OF CHILE... 462 00:22:48,167 --> 00:22:51,904 {\an7}\h\hASTRONOMER ALAN ROY IS AT THE APEX TELESCOPE 463 00:22:51,937 --> 00:22:54,139 {\an7}TO MAKE FINAL PREPARATIONS. 464 00:22:54,173 --> 00:22:58,778 {\an7}[SPEAKING SPANISH] 465 00:22:58,811 --> 00:23:03,082 {\an7}ALAN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MOST CRITICAL PART OF THE PROJECT-- 466 00:23:03,115 --> 00:23:04,416 {\an7}THE TIMING. 467 00:23:04,450 --> 00:23:06,052 {\an7}Alan Roy: TIMING IS ABSOLUTELY \h\hIMPORTANT TO THIS PROJECT, 468 00:23:06,085 --> 00:23:08,654 {\an7}ABSOLUTELY CENTRAL. 469 00:23:08,687 --> 00:23:11,089 {\an7}\h\hIT’S THE HEART PIECE OF THE WHOLE EXPERIMENT. 470 00:23:11,123 --> 00:23:12,391 {\an7}YOU’RE PUTTING IN \hA LOT OF EFFORT, 471 00:23:12,424 --> 00:23:15,093 {\an7}A LOT OF MONEY, A LOT OF TIME, 472 00:23:15,127 --> 00:23:17,663 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND IT’S ALL HINGING ON GETTING THAT TIMING RIGHT. 473 00:23:20,432 --> 00:23:24,336 {\an7}\hNarrator: THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE NETWORK IS SO LARGE, 474 00:23:24,370 --> 00:23:26,005 {\an7}THE SIGNAL FROM THE BLACK HOLE 475 00:23:26,038 --> 00:23:27,940 {\an7}WILL ARRIVE AT EACH TELESCOPE 476 00:23:27,973 --> 00:23:30,609 {\an7}AT A DIFFERENT POINT IN TIME. 477 00:23:30,643 --> 00:23:33,446 {\an7}WHAT’S MORE, THE EARTH ROTATES. 478 00:23:33,479 --> 00:23:36,816 {\an7}AS IT SPINS, THE POSITION OF THE TELESCOPES IN SPACE 479 00:23:36,849 --> 00:23:39,251 {\an7}CONSTANTLY CHANGES. 480 00:23:39,285 --> 00:23:42,255 {\an7}\h\hIF THE TEAM CAN’T RECORD THE TIME THE SIGNALS ARRIVE 481 00:23:42,288 --> 00:23:45,892 {\an7}\h\h\hTO WITHIN A MILLIONTH OF A MILLIONTH OF A SECOND, 482 00:23:45,925 --> 00:23:49,162 {\an7}THE TELESCOPES WILL FAIL \h\h\hTO COMBINE AS ONE. 483 00:23:51,163 --> 00:23:53,399 {\an7}TO SYNC THE TELESCOPES TOGETHER, 484 00:23:53,432 --> 00:23:55,968 {\an7}THE TEAM HAS SPENT $2 MILLION 485 00:23:56,001 --> 00:23:57,803 {\an7}\hON SOME OF THE MOST ACCURATE ATOMIC CLOCKS 486 00:23:57,836 --> 00:23:59,237 {\an7}IN THE WORLD, 487 00:23:59,271 --> 00:24:01,840 {\an7}CALLED HYDROGEN MASERS. 488 00:24:01,874 --> 00:24:03,676 {\an7}\h\h\hAlan: THIS IS THE HYDROGEN MASER. 489 00:24:03,709 --> 00:24:07,646 {\an7}THIS CLOCK KEEPS TIME TO ABOUT A SECOND IN 10 MILLION YEARS. 490 00:24:07,680 --> 00:24:10,917 {\an7}\h\h\h\hOF COURSE WE DON’T WAIT 10 MILLION YEARS TO MEASURE IT. 491 00:24:10,950 --> 00:24:14,187 {\an7}Narrator: ALAN MUST KEEP THIS CLOCK AT A STABLE TEMPERATURE 492 00:24:14,219 --> 00:24:16,488 {\an7}SO IT RUNS PRECISELY. 493 00:24:16,522 --> 00:24:18,090 {\an7}BUT THERE’S A PROBLEM. 494 00:24:18,123 --> 00:24:21,627 {\an7}THE CHAMBER USED TO COOL IT \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIS BROKEN. 495 00:24:21,660 --> 00:24:24,563 {\an7}Alan: THE BEARINGS HAVE SEIZED, AND WE’VE GOT NO COOLING. 496 00:24:24,596 --> 00:24:26,531 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSO THAT MEANS THE CHAMBER OVERHEATS, 497 00:24:26,565 --> 00:24:29,435 {\an7}AND THE MASER IS THEN \h\h\hNOT VERY HAPPY. 498 00:24:29,468 --> 00:24:32,304 {\an7}Narrator: A FAULTY MASER \hCOULD BE CATASTROPHIC. 499 00:24:35,107 --> 00:24:37,276 {\an7}IN THE REMOTE ATACAMA DESERT, 500 00:24:37,309 --> 00:24:40,179 {\an7}IT’S TOO FAR TO CALL \h\hFOR AN ENGINEER. 501 00:24:40,212 --> 00:24:43,215 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT ALAN HAS A RESOURCEFUL SOLUTION. 502 00:24:43,248 --> 00:24:48,286 {\an7}Alan: THE SOLUTION IS TO CRACK \hOPEN THE DOOR OF THE CHAMBER 503 00:24:48,320 --> 00:24:50,022 {\an7}SO THAT THE EXCESS HEAT \h\h\h\h\hFROM THE MASER 504 00:24:50,055 --> 00:24:52,991 {\an7}CAN COME OUT THROUGH THE DOOR. 505 00:24:53,025 --> 00:24:54,460 {\an7}IT MAKES ME A LITTLE NERVOUS, 506 00:24:54,493 --> 00:24:57,363 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT THE CLOCK WE HAVE TO TAKE ON FAITH, YES, 507 00:24:57,396 --> 00:25:00,032 {\an7}THAT IT’S RUNNING AS IT SHOULD. 508 00:25:00,065 --> 00:25:01,133 {\an7}Narrator: THIS PIECE OF TAPE 509 00:25:01,166 --> 00:25:04,169 {\an7}SHOULD KEEP THE MASER \h\hRUNNING CORRECTLY, 510 00:25:04,203 --> 00:25:08,074 {\an7}\h\hIF IT DOESN’T, THE WHOLE EXPERIMENT COULD BE AT RISK. 511 00:25:08,107 --> 00:25:10,710 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGreene: MY HAT IS OFF TO THE FOLKS 512 00:25:10,743 --> 00:25:12,845 {\an7}THAT CAN ACTUALLY UNDERTAKE 513 00:25:12,878 --> 00:25:14,580 {\an7}THESE EXPERIMENTS \hAND OBSERVATIONS 514 00:25:14,613 --> 00:25:16,281 {\an7}AND MAKE IT WORK. 515 00:25:16,315 --> 00:25:18,083 {\an7}IT’S REAL, IT’S TANGIBLE, 516 00:25:18,117 --> 00:25:21,187 {\an7}AND IT’S EXTREME AND ABSTRACT \h\h\h\h\h\hAT THE SAME TIME. 517 00:25:22,788 --> 00:25:26,992 {\an7}♪ 518 00:25:27,026 --> 00:25:31,097 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: IN HAWAII, ON THE VOLCANO MAUNA KEA, 519 00:25:31,130 --> 00:25:35,167 {\an7}PROJECT MANAGER REMO TILANUS HEARS FROM MISSION CONTROL. 520 00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:37,335 {\an7}\h\h\h\hRemo Tilanus: SO, JUST GOT THE NEWS. 521 00:25:37,369 --> 00:25:39,071 {\an7}IT’S A GO. 522 00:25:39,104 --> 00:25:42,674 {\an7}\h\hSO, READY TO GO AND START OBSERVING. 523 00:25:44,977 --> 00:25:47,046 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THIS IS THE CRUCIAL MOMENT 524 00:25:47,079 --> 00:25:50,416 {\an7}THAT OVER 10 YEARS OF HARD WORK HAS BEEN LEADING UP TO. 525 00:25:50,449 --> 00:25:52,718 {\an7}Remo: IT’S TAKEN A LONG TIME \h\h\h\hTO GET TO THIS POINT 526 00:25:52,751 --> 00:25:54,886 {\an7}\hTHAT WE’RE GOING TO GET A REAL SHOT 527 00:25:54,920 --> 00:25:57,189 {\an7}TO GET AN IMAGE OF A BLACK HOLE. 528 00:25:57,222 --> 00:25:59,524 {\an7}AND NOW FINALLY THE DAY IS HERE. 529 00:26:01,226 --> 00:26:05,263 {\an7}Narrator: REMO MUST ASCEND \h\h\hTO OVER 13,000 FEET, 530 00:26:05,297 --> 00:26:08,500 {\an7}TO THE TOP OF THE VOLCANO. 531 00:26:08,534 --> 00:26:10,369 {\an7}HERE TWO OBSERVATORIES, 532 00:26:10,402 --> 00:26:13,105 {\an7}THE JAMES CLERK MAXWELL \h\h\h\h\h\h\hTELESCOPE 533 00:26:13,138 --> 00:26:15,073 {\an7}AND THE SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY, 534 00:26:15,107 --> 00:26:17,509 {\an7}ARE PART OF THE NETWORK. 535 00:26:17,543 --> 00:26:20,713 {\an7}AND REMO IS UP AGAINST THE CLOCK TO GET THEM READY. 536 00:26:23,982 --> 00:26:25,484 {\an7}Remo: RIGHT. 537 00:26:28,120 --> 00:26:31,056 {\an7}\h\hWE HAVE TO START TUNING THE RECEIVER. 538 00:26:31,090 --> 00:26:32,925 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHIS MIRROR DIRECTS THE RADIATION 539 00:26:32,958 --> 00:26:35,561 {\an7}\h\h\hINTO THE RECEIVER THAT WE’RE GOING TO USE. 540 00:26:35,594 --> 00:26:37,296 {\an7}IT’S LIKE TUNING A RADIO. 541 00:26:38,931 --> 00:26:40,699 {\an7}IT’S GOING. 542 00:26:40,732 --> 00:26:42,234 {\an7}LOOKING GOOD. 543 00:26:42,267 --> 00:26:44,636 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: AT THE SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY, 544 00:26:44,670 --> 00:26:48,941 {\an7}\h\hENGINEER JONATHAN WEINTROUB IS CHECKING THE DATA RECORDERS. 545 00:26:48,974 --> 00:26:50,709 {\an7}\hJonathan Weintroub: WE HAVE 50 MINUTES NOW 546 00:26:50,742 --> 00:26:53,778 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTO RUN THE CHECKS BEFORE WE START RECORDING. 547 00:26:53,812 --> 00:26:58,083 {\an7}AND HIGH ALTITUDE DOESN’T HELP \h\h\h\h\hYOUR BRAIN FUNCTION. 548 00:26:58,117 --> 00:27:01,053 {\an7}YOU TEND TO MAKE MORE MISTAKES \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT ALTITUDE. 549 00:27:01,086 --> 00:27:03,055 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: BUT ACROSS THE MOUNTAIN, 550 00:27:03,088 --> 00:27:04,990 {\an7}REMO HITS A GLITCH. 551 00:27:05,023 --> 00:27:07,359 {\an7}Remo: OH! 552 00:27:07,392 --> 00:27:08,426 {\an7}WHAT THE HECK? 553 00:27:08,460 --> 00:27:09,795 {\an7}HE FELL OUT OF LOCK. 554 00:27:09,828 --> 00:27:14,766 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE RECEIVER WON’T LOCK ON TO THE FREQUENCY. 555 00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:19,505 {\an7}WITHOUT A LOCK, THE DATA FROM THE TELESCOPE WILL BE RUINED. 556 00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:24,042 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRemo: MAYBE OUR YIG IS UNLOCKED. 557 00:27:24,076 --> 00:27:25,544 {\an7}Narrator: REMO HAS NO OPTION 558 00:27:25,577 --> 00:27:32,217 {\an7}BUT TO MANUALLY ADJUST THE RECEIVER SETTINGS. 559 00:27:34,419 --> 00:27:36,254 {\an7}[LAUGHS] 560 00:27:39,258 --> 00:27:41,794 {\an7}YEAH, WE STAYED IN LOCK. 561 00:27:41,827 --> 00:27:42,795 {\an7}EXCELLENT. 562 00:27:47,132 --> 00:27:50,002 {\an7}Narrator: THE TEAM IS READY \h\h\h\h\h\h\hJUST IN TIME. 563 00:27:50,035 --> 00:27:51,803 {\an7}Man: I THINK WE’RE ALL SET. 564 00:27:51,837 --> 00:27:53,105 {\an7}Remo: GOOD. 565 00:27:53,138 --> 00:27:55,540 {\an7}GREAT. IT HAS A NICE SIGNAL. 566 00:27:56,875 --> 00:27:58,243 {\an7}ATTENTION, ATTENTION. 567 00:27:58,277 --> 00:28:02,248 {\an7}DOORS AND ROOF WILL BE OPENING, DOORS AND ROOF WILL BE OPENING. 568 00:28:02,281 --> 00:28:05,251 {\an7}CALL STATION 42, CALL STATION 42. 569 00:28:11,690 --> 00:28:13,692 {\an7}OH, JCT IS OPEN. 570 00:28:18,197 --> 00:28:23,069 {\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: REMO DIRECTS THE ANTENNA ONTO THE TARGET... 571 00:28:23,101 --> 00:28:26,204 {\an7}AND JONATHAN GETS READY \h\hTO RECORD THE DATA. 572 00:28:26,238 --> 00:28:30,743 {\an7}Jonathan: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. 573 00:28:30,776 --> 00:28:32,511 {\an7}ARE WE GOING? 574 00:28:32,544 --> 00:28:35,981 {\an7}Remo: THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE IS ON THE WAY. 575 00:28:36,014 --> 00:28:38,049 {\an7}Narrator: AFTER YEARS OF WORK, 576 00:28:38,083 --> 00:28:41,186 {\an7}THE TEAMS AT EIGHT OBSERVATORIES ACROSS THE WORLD 577 00:28:41,220 --> 00:28:44,023 {\an7}ARE FINALLY RECORDING \hTHE RADIO EMISSIONS 578 00:28:44,056 --> 00:28:46,325 {\an7}FROM AROUND A BLACK HOLE. 579 00:28:51,563 --> 00:28:59,738 {\an7}♪ 580 00:28:59,771 --> 00:29:02,374 {\an7}OVER THE FIRST TWO DAYS \h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE RUN, 581 00:29:02,407 --> 00:29:06,211 {\an7}THEY SUCCESSFULLY RECORD TWO FULL NIGHTS OF DATA. 582 00:29:08,647 --> 00:29:11,016 {\an7}BUT IT’S NOT EASY. 583 00:29:11,049 --> 00:29:12,117 {\an7}Shep: WE’RE TIRED. 584 00:29:12,150 --> 00:29:13,952 {\an7}YOU KNOW, YOU WIND UP 585 00:29:13,986 --> 00:29:15,855 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hJUST BEING UP AT ALL HOURS OF THE NIGHT. 586 00:29:15,887 --> 00:29:17,122 {\an7}WHERE IS IT? WHERE IS... 587 00:29:17,155 --> 00:29:20,025 {\an7}Woman: OH, SO, IT’S IN FRONT. 588 00:29:20,058 --> 00:29:22,294 {\an7}\h\hShep: WE HAD A PROBLEM AT ONE OF THE TELESCOPES, 589 00:29:22,327 --> 00:29:25,063 {\an7}ONE OF THE BITS OF ELECTRONICS \h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT WE RELY ON 590 00:29:25,097 --> 00:29:27,066 {\an7}\h\h\hWAS GIVING US SOME CRAZY RESULTS. 591 00:29:27,099 --> 00:29:29,234 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGopal: WE’RE AT THE MASER RIGHT NOW. 592 00:29:29,268 --> 00:29:31,137 {\an7}Shep: LOOK AT CHANNEL NUMBER 17. 593 00:29:31,169 --> 00:29:33,405 {\an7}AND ULTIMATELY WE FIXED IT, 594 00:29:33,438 --> 00:29:35,774 {\an7}BECAUSE WE WERE IN THE ROOM, \h\h\h\h\h\h\hWE’RE WORKING. 595 00:29:39,544 --> 00:29:40,612 {\an7}Narrator: SO FAR, 596 00:29:40,646 --> 00:29:43,682 {\an7}THE WEATHER HAS BEEN PERFECT \h\h\h\h\hACROSS THE GLOBE. 597 00:29:43,715 --> 00:29:45,317 {\an7}BUT ON DAY THREE, 598 00:29:45,350 --> 00:29:48,320 {\an7}AT THE LARGE MILLIMETER \h\hTELESCOPE IN MEXICO, 599 00:29:48,353 --> 00:29:50,856 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE OUTLOOK IS BEGINNING TO CHANGE. 600 00:29:50,889 --> 00:29:54,893 {\an7}Shep: THAT’S A SCARY, \h\h\h\hSCARY WEBCAM. 601 00:29:54,926 --> 00:29:58,096 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE LMT IS JUST COMPLETELY CHAOTIC RIGHT NOW. 602 00:29:58,130 --> 00:29:59,365 {\an7}I MEAN, YOU SAW THE WEBCAM. 603 00:29:59,398 --> 00:30:03,135 {\an7}THEY’RE SOCKED IN BY FOG, THERE’S CLOUDS ROLLING IN. 604 00:30:03,168 --> 00:30:06,405 {\an7}IT LOOKS VERY, VERY DICEY \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hUP THERE. 605 00:30:06,438 --> 00:30:08,674 {\an7}Man: YES, IT’S CLEARLY \h\h\h\h\hBUILDING UP. 606 00:30:08,707 --> 00:30:13,111 {\an7}\hNarrator: A STORM SYSTEM LOOKS LIKE IT’S MOVING TOWARDS MEXICO. 607 00:30:13,145 --> 00:30:16,315 {\an7}Shep: THE TELESCOPE IN MEXICO, THE LMT, 608 00:30:16,348 --> 00:30:21,253 {\an7}AND THE TELESCOPE IN ARIZONA \h\h\h\hHAVE DICEY WEATHER. 609 00:30:21,286 --> 00:30:22,621 {\an7}SO WE’RE JUST GONNA WAIT. 610 00:30:25,357 --> 00:30:28,994 {\an7}Narrator: SHEP DELAYS THE GO/NO-GO DECISION. 611 00:30:29,027 --> 00:30:31,229 {\an7}IT’S TOO CLOSE TO CALL. 612 00:30:31,263 --> 00:30:34,266 {\an7}Shep: YOU GUYS HAVE TO EXPLAIN \h\h\hTHESE LMT WEBCAMS TO ME. 613 00:30:34,299 --> 00:30:39,871 {\an7}\h\hFROM ONE DIRECTION, IT JUST LOOKS LIKE A VACATION PARADISE. 614 00:30:39,905 --> 00:30:41,173 {\an7}AND THEN FROM THESE OTHER VIEWS, 615 00:30:41,206 --> 00:30:42,441 {\an7}IT JUST LOOKS LIKE 616 00:30:42,474 --> 00:30:47,145 {\an7}\h\h\h\hYOU’RE HEADING INTO A VORTEX MAELSTROM OF HELL. 617 00:30:47,179 --> 00:30:49,948 {\an7}\h\hAND I DON’T UNDERSTAND HOW THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS 618 00:30:49,981 --> 00:30:51,816 {\an7}CAN BE SO DIFFERENT. 619 00:30:51,850 --> 00:30:54,653 {\an7}Narrator: SHEP HAS TO DECIDE. 620 00:30:54,686 --> 00:30:58,156 {\an7}\h\hBUT NOW THERE’S NEWS FROM THE ALMA OBSERVATORY IN CHILE. 621 00:30:58,190 --> 00:30:59,458 {\an7}Shep: HOLD ON, HOLD ON, 622 00:30:59,491 --> 00:31:02,828 {\an7}I WANT TO MAKE SURE I UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU JUST SAID. 623 00:31:02,861 --> 00:31:07,265 {\an7}\h\hYOU THINK THERE’S A CHANCE THAT THE DATA FROM LAST NIGHT 624 00:31:07,299 --> 00:31:10,035 {\an7}FROM ALMA ARE CORRUPTED? 625 00:31:10,068 --> 00:31:11,603 {\an7}Man: UM, THERE’S A CHANCE. 626 00:31:13,138 --> 00:31:14,373 {\an7}Narrator: CORRUPT DATA 627 00:31:14,406 --> 00:31:17,609 {\an7}\hCOULD PUT THE WHOLE $50 MILLION EXPERIMENT 628 00:31:17,642 --> 00:31:18,810 {\an7}IN JEOPARDY. 629 00:31:25,317 --> 00:31:28,153 {\an7}AT EIGHT TELESCOPES \hACROSS THE WORLD, 630 00:31:28,186 --> 00:31:32,424 {\an7}\h\hTHE TEAM HAS BEEN RECORDING THE EMISSION FROM A BLACK HOLE. 631 00:31:32,457 --> 00:31:34,359 {\an7}Remo: OK, RECORDING. \h\hMan: RECORDING. 632 00:31:34,393 --> 00:31:37,029 {\an7}\h\hRemo: ALRIGHT. Man: OH, YES, YES. 633 00:31:37,062 --> 00:31:38,063 {\an7}Narrator: THEY ARE THREE DAYS 634 00:31:38,096 --> 00:31:41,299 {\an7}\hINTO THEIR 10-DAY OBSERVATION WINDOW, 635 00:31:41,333 --> 00:31:44,036 {\an7}BUT AT THE ALMA OBSERVATORY \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN CHILE, 636 00:31:44,069 --> 00:31:46,838 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE TEAM THINKS THEIR ENTIRE SECOND NIGHT OF DATA 637 00:31:46,872 --> 00:31:48,507 {\an7}COULD BE CORRUPT. 638 00:31:49,641 --> 00:31:52,310 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hShep: THIS IS A WHOLE NEW WRINKLE FOR US. 639 00:31:52,344 --> 00:31:57,115 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIF YOU HAD EXTRA TIME, COULD YOU RUN THIS PROBLEM DOWN? 640 00:31:57,149 --> 00:32:00,452 {\an7}\h\hMan: RUNNING IT DOWN IS PROBABLY NOT LIKELY. 641 00:32:00,485 --> 00:32:02,320 {\an7}Narrator: IT’S A MASSIVE BLOW. 642 00:32:02,354 --> 00:32:05,457 {\an7}THE TEAM MIGHT NOW ONLY HAVE \hONE NIGHT’S WORTH OF DATA 643 00:32:05,490 --> 00:32:08,827 {\an7}OUT OF FIVE THEY NEED. 644 00:32:08,860 --> 00:32:11,029 {\an7}WITH THE WEATHER OUTLOOK \h\h\hSET TO GET WORSE, 645 00:32:11,062 --> 00:32:13,264 {\an7}SHEP HAS TO TAKE A RISK. 646 00:32:13,298 --> 00:32:15,100 {\an7}Shep: I THINK WE SHOULD \h\h\h\h\hMAKE THIS A GO 647 00:32:15,133 --> 00:32:17,268 {\an7}BECAUSE WE’RE NOT GONNA \hTEAR THE SYSTEM APART, 648 00:32:17,302 --> 00:32:19,871 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSO WE HAVE TO ASSUME THAT ALMA’S GOING TO BE FINE. 649 00:32:19,905 --> 00:32:22,941 {\an7}\h\hSO I’M GONNA SAY THAT WE’RE GONNA GO. 650 00:32:22,974 --> 00:32:28,446 {\an7}♪ 651 00:32:28,480 --> 00:32:30,782 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: OVER THE NEXT FIVE DAYS, 652 00:32:30,816 --> 00:32:33,118 {\an7}THE TEAM AVOIDS THE STORM 653 00:32:33,151 --> 00:32:36,421 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND OBSERVES FOR THE REMAINING THREE NIGHTS. 654 00:32:36,455 --> 00:32:38,490 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWoman: WE ARE RECORDING THE DATA. 655 00:32:40,959 --> 00:32:42,227 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THEIR HARD DRIVES FILL UP 656 00:32:42,260 --> 00:32:46,998 {\an7}WITH OVER 6 MILLION GIGABYTES \h\h\h\h\h\hOF PRECIOUS DATA-- 657 00:32:47,032 --> 00:32:50,936 {\an7}\h\h\hMORE STORAGE THAN 12,000 LAPTOP COMPUTERS. 658 00:32:50,969 --> 00:33:00,345 {\an7}♪ 659 00:33:00,378 --> 00:33:03,181 {\an7}IN CHILE, ALAN ROY AND THE TEAM 660 00:33:03,215 --> 00:33:06,285 {\an7}\hFINISH WHAT’S BEEN A TIRING EIGHT DAYS. 661 00:33:06,318 --> 00:33:08,320 {\an7}\h\hAlan: THIS IS COMING UP TO THE END OF THE LAST RUN. 662 00:33:08,353 --> 00:33:10,288 {\an7}WE’VE GOT MAYBE THREE MINUTES. 663 00:33:10,322 --> 00:33:13,692 {\an7}I’M FEELING WEARY BUT, \h\h\h\h\hBUT CONTENT. 664 00:33:13,725 --> 00:33:15,927 {\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE TEAM HAS RECORDED THEIR TARGET 665 00:33:15,961 --> 00:33:18,096 {\an7}OF FIVE NIGHTS OF DATA. 666 00:33:18,129 --> 00:33:21,199 {\an7}BUT ONLY WHEN ALL THE DATA \h\hARE COMBINED TOGETHER 667 00:33:21,233 --> 00:33:24,737 {\an7}\hWILL THEY KNOW IF THEY MIGHT SEE A BLACK HOLE. 668 00:33:24,769 --> 00:33:27,171 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hNeil Nagar: THIS IS THE INTERESTING PART. THIS IS... 669 00:33:27,205 --> 00:33:30,241 {\an7}IT’S ALMOST A GAME OF BLUFF. 670 00:33:30,275 --> 00:33:34,079 {\an7}\h\hYOU’VE NOW SPENT MORE THAN A WEEK HERE AT THE TELESCOPES, 671 00:33:34,112 --> 00:33:35,547 {\an7}OBSERVED THROUGH THE NIGHT, 672 00:33:35,580 --> 00:33:38,383 {\an7}\h\h\hAND WE STILL DON’T KNOW IF ANYTHING WILL COME OUT OF THIS. 673 00:33:38,416 --> 00:33:46,024 {\an7}♪ 674 00:33:46,057 --> 00:33:50,128 {\an7}Narrator: OVER IN CAMBRIDGE, \h\h\hSHEP IS WINDING DOWN. 675 00:33:50,161 --> 00:33:52,997 {\an7}Shep: THIS IS THE BEGINNING \h\h\h\h\hOF THE END, RIGHT? 676 00:33:53,031 --> 00:33:56,768 {\an7}\hI MEAN, THIS IS NOT THE END BY ANY STRETCH OF THE IMAGINATION. 677 00:33:56,801 --> 00:34:00,204 {\an7}WE HAVE A LOT OF WORK TO DO, \h\h\h\hA LOT OF WORK TO DO. 678 00:34:00,238 --> 00:34:02,540 {\an7}\h\hBUT WE’VE TAKEN THIS FIRST BIG STEP. 679 00:34:08,680 --> 00:34:10,282 {\an7}Narrator: AT THE SOUTH POLE, 680 00:34:10,315 --> 00:34:13,251 {\an7}AFTER FIVE MONTHS OF TOTAL DARKNESS, 681 00:34:13,285 --> 00:34:15,420 {\an7}FLIGHTS RESUME ONCE AGAIN. 682 00:34:19,424 --> 00:34:23,695 {\an7}NOW THE TEAM CAN FINALLY RETURN THE LAST REMAINING HARD DRIVES 683 00:34:23,728 --> 00:34:26,731 {\an7}BACK TO THE U.S. AND GERMANY 684 00:34:26,765 --> 00:34:31,336 {\an7}AND COMPLETE THE PROCESSING \hFROM ALL EIGHT TELESCOPES. 685 00:34:34,072 --> 00:34:35,607 {\an7}AT THE BLACK HOLE INITIATIVE, 686 00:34:35,640 --> 00:34:39,010 {\an7}SHEP ASSEMBLES TEAM MEMBERS \h\h\hFROM AROUND THE WORLD 687 00:34:39,044 --> 00:34:42,981 {\an7}\h\h\hTO TEST HOW TO TURN THE NEW DATA INTO IMAGES. 688 00:34:43,014 --> 00:34:44,282 {\an7}Shep: THE BIG CHALLENGE \h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT WE FACE 689 00:34:44,316 --> 00:34:46,718 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THIS TECHNIQUE OF THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE 690 00:34:46,751 --> 00:34:47,919 {\an7}IS THAT WE DON’T HAVE 691 00:34:47,953 --> 00:34:50,088 {\an7}ALL THE PIXELS IN THE IMAGE, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIF YOU WILL. 692 00:34:50,121 --> 00:34:51,456 {\an7}WE HAVE SOME OF THE PIXELS, 693 00:34:51,489 --> 00:34:53,624 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSO THE ART IS TRYING TO FIGURE OUT 694 00:34:53,658 --> 00:34:55,760 {\an7}WHAT THE ENTIRE IMAGE LOOKS LIKE 695 00:34:55,794 --> 00:34:57,329 {\an7}WITHOUT HAVING, YOU KNOW, 696 00:34:57,362 --> 00:34:59,931 {\an7}EVERYTHING THAT WE’D \h\h\hLIKE TO HAVE. 697 00:34:59,965 --> 00:35:03,135 {\an7}\hNarrator: THE TEAM WILL TEST DIFFERENT COMPUTER ALGORITHMS 698 00:35:03,168 --> 00:35:06,505 {\an7}TO SEE IF THEY CAN CREATE \h\h\h\hAN ACCURATE IMAGE. 699 00:35:06,538 --> 00:35:10,876 {\an7}\h\hBUT THEY WON’T ATTEMPT IT ON THE TARGET BLACK HOLES JUST YET. 700 00:35:10,909 --> 00:35:13,245 {\an7}Shep: FIRST WE’RE PUTTING ON \h\h\h\h\h\hTRAINING WHEELS. 701 00:35:13,278 --> 00:35:14,880 {\an7}RIGHT? WE’RE TAKING BABY STEPS. 702 00:35:14,913 --> 00:35:16,381 {\an7}AND WE’RE TRYING TO USE 703 00:35:16,414 --> 00:35:19,751 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE ALGORITHMS THAT WE WANT TO USE 704 00:35:19,784 --> 00:35:21,085 {\an7}FOR SAG A-STAR AND M87, 705 00:35:21,119 --> 00:35:24,089 {\an7}BUT ON WELL-KNOWN SOURCES \hTHAT ARE MUCH BRIGHTER. 706 00:35:25,357 --> 00:35:27,125 {\an7}Narrator: THESE BRIGHT SOURCES 707 00:35:27,158 --> 00:35:30,094 {\an7}COME FROM MATTER SWIRLING INTO WHAT’S BELIEVED TO BE 708 00:35:30,128 --> 00:35:32,931 {\an7}A FEASTING BLACK HOLE. 709 00:35:32,964 --> 00:35:38,303 {\an7}AS THE BLACK HOLE ACCELERATES \hTHE MATTER, IT RIPS IT APART 710 00:35:38,336 --> 00:35:42,440 {\an7}AND LAUNCHES JETS OF RADIATION \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hINTO SPACE. 711 00:35:42,474 --> 00:35:45,043 {\an7}THESE ARE QUASARS. 712 00:35:45,076 --> 00:35:48,913 {\an7}THEY CAN KICK OUT MORE ENERGY \h\h\h\hTHAN A BILLION STARS, 713 00:35:48,947 --> 00:35:54,286 {\an7}LEAVING A SIGNATURE JET THAT’S \h\hVISIBLE ACROSS THE COSMOS. 714 00:35:54,319 --> 00:35:59,124 {\an7}Shep: IF WE CAN GET REALLY GOOD IMAGES ON THOSE SOURCES, 715 00:35:59,157 --> 00:36:01,292 {\an7}THEN WE KNOW WE’LL BE READY \h\hTO GO TO THE NEXT PHASE. 716 00:36:03,161 --> 00:36:05,730 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: KATIE BOUMAN IS LEADING ONE OF THE TEAMS 717 00:36:05,764 --> 00:36:08,934 {\an7}TRYING TO MAKE AN IMAGE \h\h\h\h\h\hOF A QUASAR. 718 00:36:08,967 --> 00:36:10,202 {\an7}\h\h\h\hKatie Bouman: IT’S REALLY EXCITING, 719 00:36:10,235 --> 00:36:12,938 {\an7}THE FIRST TIME WE’RE ACTUALLY \h\h\hTRYING TO MAKE AN IMAGE. 720 00:36:12,971 --> 00:36:15,740 {\an7}SO, HERE IS 3C120. 721 00:36:15,774 --> 00:36:17,342 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE QUASAR IS TOO FAR AWAY 722 00:36:17,375 --> 00:36:19,644 {\an7}\hTO SEE THE EDGE OF THE BLACK HOLE, 723 00:36:19,678 --> 00:36:22,147 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT THE TEAM KNOWS WHAT THE JET SHOULD LOOK LIKE 724 00:36:22,180 --> 00:36:25,016 {\an7}FROM EXISTING TELESCOPES. 725 00:36:28,953 --> 00:36:31,355 {\an7}BUT TWO DAYS INTO THIS WORKSHOP, 726 00:36:31,389 --> 00:36:36,127 {\an7}THE ALGORITHMS ARE NOT PRODUCING ONE CONSISTENT IMAGE. 727 00:36:36,161 --> 00:36:38,864 {\an7}Woman: I CAN MAKE AN IMAGE \h\hTHAT LOOKS LIKE THAT, 728 00:36:38,897 --> 00:36:40,298 {\an7}AND THAT’S RIDICULOUS. 729 00:36:40,331 --> 00:36:42,567 {\an7}\h\h\hKatie: WE GET A LOT OF DIFFERENT KIND OF STRUCTURES 730 00:36:42,600 --> 00:36:44,202 {\an7}COME OUT FROM THE SAME DATA. 731 00:36:44,235 --> 00:36:47,371 {\an7}THAT’S NOT A VOTE OF CONFIDENCE IN THOSE IMAGES, I GUESS. 732 00:36:47,405 --> 00:36:49,307 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: PHYSICIST MAREKI HONMA 733 00:36:49,340 --> 00:36:52,176 {\an7}IS ALSO NOT GETTING \h\h\hA CLEAR IMAGE. 734 00:36:52,210 --> 00:36:54,045 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMareki Honma: HERE IS A VERY BRIGHT SPOT. 735 00:36:54,079 --> 00:36:56,381 {\an7}\h\h\hSO WE BELIEVE THERE IS SOMETHING, 736 00:36:56,414 --> 00:37:01,286 {\an7}\h\h\hBUT THE WHOLE AREA, IT JUST LOOKS LIKE NOISE. 737 00:37:01,319 --> 00:37:02,987 {\an7}[CHUCKLES] 738 00:37:06,624 --> 00:37:10,595 {\an7}Narrator: IF THE TEAM CAN’T GET THE ALGORITHMS TO WORK, 739 00:37:10,628 --> 00:37:14,065 {\an7}THEY WON’T BE ABLE TO MAKE AN IMAGE OF A BLACK HOLE. 740 00:37:20,338 --> 00:37:23,074 {\an7}THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE TEAM 741 00:37:23,108 --> 00:37:25,944 {\an7}\h\h\hHAS LINKED DATA FROM EIGHT TELESCOPES TOGETHER 742 00:37:25,977 --> 00:37:29,981 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTO TRY AND CAPTURE AN IMAGE OF A BLACK HOLE. 743 00:37:30,014 --> 00:37:31,282 {\an7}THE TEAM HAS HAD PROBLEMS 744 00:37:31,316 --> 00:37:34,820 {\an7}CREATING A CLEAR TEST IMAGE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF A QUASAR, 745 00:37:34,853 --> 00:37:39,624 {\an7}BUT AFTER A WEEK OF CODING, THE IMAGES START TO IMPROVE. 746 00:37:39,657 --> 00:37:41,792 {\an7}AND THE JET HAS MORE DETAIL 747 00:37:41,826 --> 00:37:44,429 {\an7}THAN ANYTHING THE TEAM \h\h\hHAS SEEN BEFORE. 748 00:37:44,462 --> 00:37:48,833 {\an7}\h\h\hKatie: I SEE THIS JET-LIKE KIND OF STRUCTURE SHOOTING OUT. 749 00:37:48,867 --> 00:37:50,135 {\an7}Ramesh: IT’S INCREDIBLE. 750 00:37:50,168 --> 00:37:52,203 {\an7}LOOK AT ALL THE STRUCTURE. 751 00:37:52,237 --> 00:37:55,040 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hShep: THE TEAM HAS PRODUCED IMAGES NOW, 752 00:37:55,073 --> 00:37:57,142 {\an7}AFTER GOING THROUGH THIS WHOLE PIPELINE, 753 00:37:57,175 --> 00:37:59,711 {\an7}THAT SEEM VERY ROBUST. 754 00:37:59,744 --> 00:38:00,878 {\an7}SO THAT’S THE KEY. 755 00:38:00,912 --> 00:38:03,748 {\an7}YOU HAVE TO BE SO CONFIDENT \h\h\h\h\hIN YOUR TECHNIQUES 756 00:38:03,782 --> 00:38:05,450 {\an7}AND YOUR DATA HANDLING, 757 00:38:05,483 --> 00:38:06,751 {\an7}THAT YOU TRUST THEM, 758 00:38:06,785 --> 00:38:08,754 {\an7}BECAUSE FOR SAG A-STAR, FOR M87, 759 00:38:08,787 --> 00:38:10,989 {\an7}\h\h\hWE HAVE NO IDEA WHAT WE’RE GONNA SEE. 760 00:38:14,259 --> 00:38:16,728 {\an7}Narrator: AFTER MORE THAN \hTEN YEARS OF PLANNING... 761 00:38:18,429 --> 00:38:20,164 {\an7}Gopal: YAY! 762 00:38:20,198 --> 00:38:22,701 {\an7}Narrator: $50 MILLION, 763 00:38:22,734 --> 00:38:24,369 {\an7}AND THE COMBINED BRAINPOWER 764 00:38:24,402 --> 00:38:27,071 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF OVER 200 INTERNATIONAL SCIENTISTS... 765 00:38:27,105 --> 00:38:28,573 {\an7}Remo: ATTENTION, ATTENTION. 766 00:38:28,606 --> 00:38:30,475 {\an7}DOORS AND ROOF WILL BE OPENING. 767 00:38:32,076 --> 00:38:34,712 {\an7}[SPEAKING SPANISH] 768 00:38:34,746 --> 00:38:36,448 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: FINALLY THE TIME COMES 769 00:38:36,481 --> 00:38:40,318 {\an7}TO TRY AND MAKE AN IMAGE \h\h\h\hOF A BLACK HOLE. 770 00:38:40,351 --> 00:38:42,119 {\an7}Shep: THIS HAS BEEN \h\hA HUGE PROCESS, 771 00:38:42,153 --> 00:38:44,288 {\an7}A VERY, VERY CAREFUL PROCESS, 772 00:38:44,322 --> 00:38:47,592 {\an7}\hAND THE IMAGING TEAM IS NOW GETTING THE FIRST SET OF DATA 773 00:38:47,625 --> 00:38:51,362 {\an7}THAT THEY CAN USE TO MAKE \hA PHOTO OF A BLACK HOLE. 774 00:38:53,765 --> 00:38:55,066 {\an7}Katie: IT’S REALLY EXCITING. 775 00:38:55,099 --> 00:38:57,301 {\an7}WE JUST GOT THE DATA, 776 00:38:57,335 --> 00:38:59,504 {\an7}\h\h\hAND THAT’S, YOU KNOW, WHAT WE’VE BEEN WAITING FOR 777 00:38:59,537 --> 00:39:01,039 {\an7}FOR MANY YEARS, 778 00:39:01,072 --> 00:39:03,074 {\an7}\h\h\hSO IT’S A PRETTY EXCITING TIME FOR US. 779 00:39:05,076 --> 00:39:08,880 {\an7}\hShep: THIS IS THE MOMENT WHEN WE FINALLY GET TO SEE 780 00:39:08,913 --> 00:39:11,382 {\an7}WHAT A BLACK HOLE \hMIGHT LOOK LIKE. 781 00:39:11,416 --> 00:39:14,519 {\an7}\h\hNarrator: EACH MEMBER OF THE TEAM LOADS THE DATA 782 00:39:14,552 --> 00:39:17,055 {\an7}AND STARTS RUNNING THEIR ALGORITHMS. 783 00:39:17,088 --> 00:39:18,923 {\an7}Katie: ARE WE GONNA-- \h\hARE WE DOING THIS? 784 00:39:18,957 --> 00:39:19,891 {\an7}Shep: LET’S SEE IT. 785 00:39:19,924 --> 00:39:22,860 {\an7}Katie: OK, READY...SET... 786 00:39:22,894 --> 00:39:24,829 {\an7}GO. GOING, GOING, GOING... 787 00:39:24,863 --> 00:39:35,374 {\an7}♪ 788 00:39:35,406 --> 00:39:37,875 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE ALGORITHMS ARE PRODUCING 789 00:39:37,909 --> 00:39:40,278 {\an7}SOME TANTALIZING IMAGES. 790 00:39:40,311 --> 00:39:42,079 {\an7}Shep: THIS IS VERY EARLY STAGES, 791 00:39:42,113 --> 00:39:43,348 {\an7}THIS IS EXPLORATORY SURGERY. 792 00:39:43,381 --> 00:39:45,149 {\an7}THE PATIENT IS ON THE TABLE, 793 00:39:45,183 --> 00:39:46,584 {\an7}WE’VE OPENED THE PATIENT UP, 794 00:39:46,618 --> 00:39:47,419 {\an7}WE’RE LOOKING INSIDE, 795 00:39:47,452 --> 00:39:49,120 {\an7}WE’RE TRYING TO FIND OUT \h\h\h\h\h\hWHAT WE SEE. 796 00:39:51,856 --> 00:39:53,257 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: EACH MEMBER OF THE TEAM 797 00:39:53,291 --> 00:39:57,228 {\an7}\h\h\h\hNEEDS TO ZERO IN ON ONE CONSISTENT IMAGE. 798 00:40:00,665 --> 00:40:02,233 {\an7}Shep: THAT IS INTERESTING. 799 00:40:03,968 --> 00:40:04,936 {\an7}WHOA. 800 00:40:04,969 --> 00:40:06,204 {\an7}Katie: HA HA! 801 00:40:06,237 --> 00:40:08,339 {\an7}\h\h\h\hI’M GETTING SOMETHING PRETTY SIMILAR, A LITTLE BIT. 802 00:40:09,807 --> 00:40:14,178 {\an7}Narrator: AND WITH THE DATA \h\hFOR THE BLACK HOLE M87, 803 00:40:14,212 --> 00:40:16,715 {\an7}ONE IMAGE SOON BECOMES CLEAR. 804 00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:23,254 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hKatie: I SEE A CIRCLE-Y FEATURE. HA! 805 00:40:27,258 --> 00:40:29,327 {\an7}Narrator: A BRIGHT RING OF LIGHT 806 00:40:29,360 --> 00:40:33,030 {\an7}CIRCLING THE SHADOW \hOF THE BLACK HOLE. 807 00:40:34,933 --> 00:40:36,968 {\an7}Shep: WHAT I’M SEEING \h\hON THE SCREEN HERE 808 00:40:37,001 --> 00:40:38,402 {\an7}IS PRETTY STARTLING. 809 00:40:38,436 --> 00:40:42,674 {\an7}\hTHIS IS A CASE WHERE THE SIGNAL IS SO CLEAR 810 00:40:42,707 --> 00:40:45,043 {\an7}\hTHAT IT KIND OF HITS YOU ON THE HEAD WITH A HAMMER. 811 00:40:45,076 --> 00:40:47,512 {\an7}IF THIS HOLDS UP, 812 00:40:47,545 --> 00:40:49,981 {\an7}IT’S GOING TO BE THE DISCOVERY \h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF MY LIFETIME, 813 00:40:50,014 --> 00:40:53,184 {\an7}\h\hAND I THINK OF MANY OTHER PEOPLE’S LIFETIME. 814 00:40:53,217 --> 00:40:56,187 {\an7}AND...IT’S, UH, 815 00:40:56,220 --> 00:40:59,590 {\an7}IT’S REALLY SOBERING TO SEE WHAT A BLACK HOLE LOOKS LIKE 816 00:40:59,624 --> 00:41:01,926 {\an7}FOR THE FIRST TIME. 817 00:41:01,960 --> 00:41:05,263 {\an7}\hNarrator: THE IMAGE SHOWS PHOTONS OF LIGHT 818 00:41:05,296 --> 00:41:09,700 {\an7}BEING DISTORTED INTO A RING \h\hBY THE POWER OF GRAVITY. 819 00:41:09,734 --> 00:41:10,702 {\an7}IN THE CENTER, 820 00:41:10,735 --> 00:41:14,405 {\an7}A BLACK HOLE WITH THE MASS \h\h\h\hOF 6 BILLION SUNS 821 00:41:14,439 --> 00:41:18,109 {\an7}IS SWALLOWING THE LIGHT \hTHAT STRAYS TOO CLOSE. 822 00:41:18,142 --> 00:41:19,644 {\an7}IT IS PROFOUND EVIDENCE 823 00:41:19,677 --> 00:41:23,080 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT CONFIRMS THE EXISTENCE OF BLACK HOLES 824 00:41:23,114 --> 00:41:27,118 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFIRST PREDICTED BY EINSTEIN’S THEORY OF GRAVITY. 825 00:41:27,151 --> 00:41:30,955 {\an7}\h\h\h\hShep: THIS SHOWS US THAT SPACE-TIME IS DISTORTED 826 00:41:30,989 --> 00:41:33,825 {\an7}IN THE WAY THAT EINSTEIN \h\h\h\hFELT IT WOULD BE 827 00:41:33,858 --> 00:41:35,293 {\an7}AT THE BLACK HOLE BOUNDARY, 828 00:41:35,326 --> 00:41:39,330 {\an7}AT THE MOST EXTREME ENVIRONMENT IN THE UNIVERSE. 829 00:41:39,364 --> 00:41:44,836 {\an7}THESE PHOTONS ARE STRUGGLING TO GET AWAY FROM THIS BLACK HOLE. 830 00:41:44,869 --> 00:41:46,738 {\an7}AND THE BLACK HOLE IS TETHERING THEM 831 00:41:46,771 --> 00:41:49,841 {\an7}WITH ITS IMMENSE GRAVITY. 832 00:41:49,874 --> 00:41:51,075 {\an7}AND EVERY ONCE IN A WHILE, 833 00:41:51,109 --> 00:41:54,412 {\an7}\h\h\hSOME OF THEM CAN JUST GET AWAY FROM THE BLACK HOLE 834 00:41:54,445 --> 00:41:55,479 {\an7}AND COME TO US. 835 00:41:55,513 --> 00:42:00,718 {\an7}\hSO WE’RE SEEING THE VERY DEFINITION OF THIS SURFACE 836 00:42:00,752 --> 00:42:03,188 {\an7}WHERE LIGHT IS LOST FOREVER. 837 00:42:03,221 --> 00:42:08,059 {\an7}♪ 838 00:42:08,092 --> 00:42:10,061 {\an7}Narrator: IN 2019, 839 00:42:10,094 --> 00:42:13,931 {\an7}THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE TEAM VERIFIED THEIR DATA 840 00:42:13,965 --> 00:42:16,801 {\an7}AND RELEASED THEIR RESULTS \h\h\h\h\h\hTO THE WORLD. 841 00:42:16,834 --> 00:42:26,610 {\an7}♪ 842 00:42:26,644 --> 00:42:30,681 {\an7}THIS IS A GROUNDBREAKING \h\h\hSCIENTIFIC RESULT. 843 00:42:34,585 --> 00:42:37,121 {\an7}FOR THE EVENT HORIZON \h\h\hTELESCOPE TEAM, 844 00:42:37,155 --> 00:42:41,860 {\an7}THEY HOPE IT COULD TRANSFORM THE WAY WE SEE THE UNIVERSE. 845 00:42:41,893 --> 00:42:43,461 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTegmark: WHEN GALILEO FIRST PROVED 846 00:42:43,494 --> 00:42:46,831 {\an7}\hTHAT YOU CAN TAKE PICTURES OF THE SKY WITH TELESCOPES, 847 00:42:46,864 --> 00:42:49,133 {\an7}THAT DIDN’T END ASTRONOMY; 848 00:42:49,167 --> 00:42:50,635 {\an7}IT STARTED IT. 849 00:42:51,769 --> 00:42:54,071 {\an7}AND IN THE SAME WAY, 850 00:42:54,105 --> 00:42:55,740 {\an7}THE MOST IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC LEGACY 851 00:42:55,773 --> 00:42:57,141 {\an7}OF THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE 852 00:42:57,175 --> 00:42:58,376 {\an7}IS GONNA BE THE FACT \h\hTHAT IT CREATES 853 00:42:58,409 --> 00:43:00,678 {\an7}AN ENTIRELY NEW FIELD \h\h\h\h\hOF SCIENCE. 854 00:43:03,114 --> 00:43:05,383 {\an7}Hughes: IF I KNOW ASTRONOMERS, \h\h\hWHEN THIS THING IS DONE, 855 00:43:05,416 --> 00:43:09,153 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHEY’RE GONNA GO, "OOH! WHAT ELSE CAN WE DO WITH THIS?" 856 00:43:09,187 --> 00:43:10,588 {\an7}Greene: I CAN CERTAINLY ENVISION 857 00:43:10,621 --> 00:43:13,390 {\an7}THAT 10, 30, 50 YEARS FROM NOW, 858 00:43:13,424 --> 00:43:15,793 {\an7}OUR DESCRIPTION OF BLACK HOLES \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hARE GONNA BE 859 00:43:15,827 --> 00:43:18,530 {\an7}COMPLETELY, RADICALLY DIFFERENT. 860 00:43:18,563 --> 00:43:22,167 {\an7}\h\hNarrator: FOR SHEP AND THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE TEAM, 861 00:43:22,200 --> 00:43:25,537 {\an7}\hTHEY HOPE THIS IS JUST THE BEGINNING. 862 00:43:25,570 --> 00:43:26,971 {\an7}Shep: WE’RE NOT DONE. 863 00:43:27,004 --> 00:43:28,105 {\an7}WE DON’T ACTUALLY LIKE THINGS 864 00:43:28,139 --> 00:43:32,243 {\an7}TO BE TIED UP IN A BOW \h\h\h\hAND FINISHED. 865 00:43:32,276 --> 00:43:36,113 {\an7}THIS SHOWS US HOW BLACK HOLES \h\h\h\hEAT AND HOW THEY FEED 866 00:43:36,147 --> 00:43:38,383 {\an7}IN A WAY THAT HAS BEEN IMPOSSIBLE UP TO NOW. 867 00:43:42,720 --> 00:43:45,189 {\an7}THIS, MOST OF ALL, 868 00:43:45,223 --> 00:43:49,661 {\an7}SIGNALS A WHOLE NEW DIRECTION \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN ASTRONOMY. 869 00:43:49,694 --> 00:43:51,062 {\an7}AND THAT’S RARE. 870 00:43:52,663 --> 00:43:54,765 {\an7}THAT IS REALLY EXTRAORDINARY.