1 00:00:00,459 --> 00:00:02,560 (gentle music) 2 00:00:02,560 --> 00:00:04,450 In the span of just a few months, 3 00:00:04,450 --> 00:00:07,130 the novel virus known as COVID-19 4 00:00:07,130 --> 00:00:08,833 has wrecked havoc on our world. 5 00:00:10,070 --> 00:00:12,440 The value of shares fell off a cliff. 6 00:00:12,440 --> 00:00:14,190 Creating sudden impacts, 7 00:00:14,190 --> 00:00:15,770 not only to people's health 8 00:00:15,770 --> 00:00:19,270 but also economic wellbeing and general psyche. 9 00:00:19,270 --> 00:00:20,757 Everyone's very fearful at the moment, 10 00:00:20,757 --> 00:00:23,770 and the question mark is where does this end. 11 00:00:23,770 --> 00:00:25,840 The medical crisis which first emerged 12 00:00:25,840 --> 00:00:29,540 in late December of 2020 in Wuhan, China, 13 00:00:29,540 --> 00:00:32,050 quickly spread to more than 100 countries 14 00:00:32,050 --> 00:00:33,243 on six continents. 15 00:00:34,960 --> 00:00:38,300 Confirmed infections climbed above 100,000, 16 00:00:38,300 --> 00:00:40,543 leaving more than 5,000 deaths. 17 00:00:41,620 --> 00:00:43,120 Those most at risk: 18 00:00:43,120 --> 00:00:46,013 older people or patients with underlying illness. 19 00:00:47,780 --> 00:00:50,550 Part of the coronavirus family of pathogens, 20 00:00:50,550 --> 00:00:52,920 named for their structural spikes, 21 00:00:52,920 --> 00:00:56,710 COVID-19 may be related to the common cold 22 00:00:56,710 --> 00:00:58,910 but it can be much more dangerous. 23 00:00:58,910 --> 00:01:01,560 Like the other coronaviruses which caused outbreaks 24 00:01:01,560 --> 00:01:04,120 of severe acute respiratory syndrome 25 00:01:04,120 --> 00:01:06,360 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, 26 00:01:06,360 --> 00:01:07,733 SARS and MERS. 27 00:01:10,310 --> 00:01:12,590 All morning, ambulances moved victims 28 00:01:12,590 --> 00:01:14,770 of the new killer virus. 29 00:01:14,770 --> 00:01:18,340 SARS patients effectively in quarantine 30 00:01:18,340 --> 00:01:20,513 until the disease is under control. 31 00:01:23,020 --> 00:01:28,020 These are often quite nasty airborne-spread diseases 32 00:01:28,030 --> 00:01:31,360 that kind of reside somewhere in the respiratory system 33 00:01:31,360 --> 00:01:32,760 and can be quite contagious. 34 00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:37,710 COVID-19 symptoms include coughing, fever, 35 00:01:37,710 --> 00:01:39,173 and shortness of breath. 36 00:01:41,570 --> 00:01:44,653 The virus damages the lungs, causing pneumonia. 37 00:01:45,680 --> 00:01:49,050 And we know that it's replicating quite efficiently, 38 00:01:49,050 --> 00:01:51,980 both in the upper and lower respiratory tract of humans, 39 00:01:51,980 --> 00:01:55,470 so this is a virus that is already well adapted 40 00:01:55,470 --> 00:01:57,060 to replication in humans 41 00:01:57,060 --> 00:02:00,720 and that's why we're seeing the spread that we're seeing. 42 00:02:00,720 --> 00:02:04,950 Every day we're learning more and more and more. 43 00:02:04,950 --> 00:02:07,330 Obviously, because this is a novel virus, 44 00:02:07,330 --> 00:02:09,700 and even though we've been through this rodeo before 45 00:02:09,700 --> 00:02:11,140 with MERS and SARS, 46 00:02:11,140 --> 00:02:14,120 there's still so many unknowns. 47 00:02:14,120 --> 00:02:16,390 And that's why the World Health Organization, 48 00:02:16,390 --> 00:02:20,640 or WHO, declared a pandemic as of March 11th, 49 00:02:20,640 --> 00:02:22,070 after repeatedly stressing 50 00:02:22,070 --> 00:02:24,800 the serious nature of the situation. 51 00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:26,963 This is not a drill. 52 00:02:28,160 --> 00:02:30,833 This is not the time to give up. 53 00:02:31,870 --> 00:02:35,193 This is not a time for excuses. 54 00:02:36,200 --> 00:02:40,593 This is a time for pulling out all the stops. 55 00:02:46,340 --> 00:02:49,320 (machine whooshing) 56 00:02:49,320 --> 00:02:50,750 The fight is on, 57 00:02:50,750 --> 00:02:53,600 and the most effective strategies aim first 58 00:02:53,600 --> 00:02:55,900 to prompt preparations 59 00:02:55,900 --> 00:02:58,653 and then contain and mitigate the damage. 60 00:03:00,540 --> 00:03:03,480 This is not the first contagion we've confronted, 61 00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:06,030 and history contains lessons about what works 62 00:03:06,030 --> 00:03:07,403 and sometimes what doesn't. 63 00:03:09,440 --> 00:03:12,380 Pandemic are a major threat, 64 00:03:12,380 --> 00:03:16,670 but we are in the position now in 2020 65 00:03:16,670 --> 00:03:18,313 to fight a pandemic. 66 00:03:19,232 --> 00:03:21,150 COVID-19 travels through the air 67 00:03:21,150 --> 00:03:22,690 in respiratory droplets, 68 00:03:22,690 --> 00:03:25,253 like those contained in a cough or sneeze. 69 00:03:26,250 --> 00:03:28,950 Exactly how long the exposed virus can survive 70 00:03:28,950 --> 00:03:31,803 is unknown, perhaps a couple of hours. 71 00:03:32,700 --> 00:03:34,560 So touching infected surfaces, 72 00:03:34,560 --> 00:03:38,050 like handrails, doorknobs, or tabletops, 73 00:03:38,050 --> 00:03:40,850 has the potential to transmit the disease, 74 00:03:40,850 --> 00:03:42,563 as do personal greetings. 75 00:03:44,830 --> 00:03:47,350 If you shake hands, you're open to transferring 76 00:03:47,350 --> 00:03:49,080 bio matter that's contagious 77 00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:51,320 and then touching your face, 78 00:03:51,320 --> 00:03:54,950 which can lead to the spread of the disease 79 00:03:54,950 --> 00:03:56,540 in one's own body. 80 00:03:56,540 --> 00:03:58,940 It's extraordinary how many times each hour 81 00:03:58,940 --> 00:04:00,160 we touch our face, 82 00:04:00,160 --> 00:04:02,743 so regular hand washing is extremely important. 83 00:04:03,980 --> 00:04:06,030 Once the virus establishes itself 84 00:04:06,030 --> 00:04:07,370 in a population, 85 00:04:07,370 --> 00:04:09,280 passing person to person, 86 00:04:09,280 --> 00:04:10,963 it's much harder to contain. 87 00:04:11,920 --> 00:04:15,543 So American health officials recognize the crisis will grow. 88 00:04:16,670 --> 00:04:18,640 And then, when you get community spread, 89 00:04:18,640 --> 00:04:21,010 it makes the challenge much greater. 90 00:04:21,010 --> 00:04:24,000 So I can say we will see more cases 91 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:27,123 and things will get worse than they are right now. 92 00:04:28,700 --> 00:04:30,470 But how might we stave off 93 00:04:30,470 --> 00:04:32,643 the most dire eventualities? 94 00:04:35,290 --> 00:04:38,780 The first things to do is to contain 95 00:04:38,780 --> 00:04:41,870 by lowering the transmissibility of the disease, 96 00:04:41,870 --> 00:04:43,730 and how to do that is 97 00:04:43,730 --> 00:04:45,580 through what we call social distancing. 98 00:04:45,580 --> 00:04:50,580 So it's important to identify cases and infections 99 00:04:51,140 --> 00:04:52,250 as soon as possible 100 00:04:52,250 --> 00:04:56,400 and isolate those people within the right hospital setting 101 00:04:56,400 --> 00:04:59,110 so that they cannot transmit the disease 102 00:04:59,110 --> 00:05:00,483 to other individuals. 103 00:05:01,560 --> 00:05:03,690 But with an average incubation period 104 00:05:03,690 --> 00:05:04,750 of five days 105 00:05:04,750 --> 00:05:07,533 and symptoms often not occurring until day 12, 106 00:05:08,678 --> 00:05:11,823 COVID-19 can move quickly and quietly. 107 00:05:14,120 --> 00:05:16,810 We do know that those individuals 108 00:05:16,810 --> 00:05:18,670 who might not be actually be experiencing 109 00:05:18,670 --> 00:05:19,840 any symptoms of illness 110 00:05:19,840 --> 00:05:21,390 have the capacity to spread it, 111 00:05:22,240 --> 00:05:24,520 which means that public health responses 112 00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:26,560 need to figure out ways 113 00:05:26,560 --> 00:05:31,560 to even monitor the health and potential transmission rates 114 00:05:31,830 --> 00:05:35,650 amongst people who appear by all understandings 115 00:05:35,650 --> 00:05:37,230 to be healthy. 116 00:05:37,230 --> 00:05:40,250 And that will change how we live our lives. 117 00:05:40,250 --> 00:05:44,090 Curtailing large public gatherings like sporting events, 118 00:05:44,090 --> 00:05:47,203 political rallies, even religious services. 119 00:05:49,959 --> 00:05:52,660 (children chattering) 120 00:05:52,660 --> 00:05:54,810 While children appear to be at low risk 121 00:05:54,810 --> 00:05:57,490 to the virus' most dangerous effects, 122 00:05:57,490 --> 00:05:59,840 they could be transmission vectors 123 00:05:59,840 --> 00:06:02,013 and unknowingly spread the virus. 124 00:06:04,330 --> 00:06:07,870 One reason school closures will likely increase. 125 00:06:07,870 --> 00:06:11,050 Controlling contact with potentially infected individuals 126 00:06:11,050 --> 00:06:12,870 becomes critical, 127 00:06:12,870 --> 00:06:16,380 as does the behavior of those already feeling ill, 128 00:06:16,380 --> 00:06:19,390 according to the Center for Disease Control. 129 00:06:19,390 --> 00:06:21,750 You may need to take a break 130 00:06:21,750 --> 00:06:24,800 from your normal daily routine for two weeks, 131 00:06:24,800 --> 00:06:28,053 so staying home when you are sick is really important. 132 00:06:28,970 --> 00:06:32,110 Don't let the illness spread beyond you. 133 00:06:32,110 --> 00:06:34,513 Stay away as much as you can from other people. 134 00:06:35,749 --> 00:06:37,500 The WHO estimated 135 00:06:37,500 --> 00:06:40,243 a COVID-19 death rate of 3.4%. 136 00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:44,860 An alarming figure which may vary country by country, 137 00:06:44,860 --> 00:06:48,130 trending higher in places with older populations 138 00:06:48,130 --> 00:06:50,083 or overloaded health systems. 139 00:06:51,610 --> 00:06:53,760 But many people who contract the disease 140 00:06:53,760 --> 00:06:56,400 may only suffer mild symptoms, 141 00:06:56,400 --> 00:07:00,700 so two weeks self-imposed isolation practices are encouraged 142 00:07:00,700 --> 00:07:04,023 for anyone suspected of coming in contact with the virus. 143 00:07:05,690 --> 00:07:07,170 When it comes to COVID-19, 144 00:07:07,170 --> 00:07:09,370 it's not just your health you need to worry about, 145 00:07:09,370 --> 00:07:10,870 it's the health of those around you 146 00:07:10,870 --> 00:07:12,160 and who you might infect 147 00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:15,370 even if you're not necessarily feeling so bad yourself. 148 00:07:15,370 --> 00:07:16,730 Ultimately, the goal is 149 00:07:16,730 --> 00:07:18,210 to limit the transmission 150 00:07:18,210 --> 00:07:21,430 and keep hospitals open and accessible. 151 00:07:21,430 --> 00:07:24,940 I think there's a well tried-and-tested phrase, 152 00:07:24,940 --> 00:07:27,620 and that is to be alert but not alarmed. 153 00:07:27,620 --> 00:07:31,600 I think the last thing we need is panic about this virus. 154 00:07:31,600 --> 00:07:34,800 You don't want the healthcare system to be overwhelmed, 155 00:07:34,800 --> 00:07:39,077 that's one of the major way to fight the disease. 156 00:07:41,755 --> 00:07:44,255 (guns firing) 157 00:07:45,280 --> 00:07:48,050 In 1918, the Spanish flu encountered 158 00:07:48,050 --> 00:07:49,630 a planet on the brink, 159 00:07:49,630 --> 00:07:51,930 already stretched thin by World War I. 160 00:07:53,287 --> 00:07:55,787 (guns firing) 161 00:07:58,210 --> 00:08:03,210 For an opportunistic disease, this was the perfect moment. 162 00:08:03,460 --> 00:08:07,070 Around the world, resources were scarce, 163 00:08:07,070 --> 00:08:10,380 health systems had been taxed by the war, 164 00:08:10,380 --> 00:08:13,320 and as a result we were not, as a species, 165 00:08:13,320 --> 00:08:15,340 we were not in a great position 166 00:08:15,340 --> 00:08:18,420 to respond to a major global epidemic. 167 00:08:18,420 --> 00:08:22,070 An estimated 50 million people died worldwide, 168 00:08:22,070 --> 00:08:25,873 including 675,000 which occurred in America. 169 00:08:27,210 --> 00:08:30,363 Devastating, but could it have been even worse? 170 00:08:31,710 --> 00:08:33,630 So, what we saw, specially in the United States, 171 00:08:33,630 --> 00:08:35,990 the towns and cities that implemented 172 00:08:35,990 --> 00:08:38,010 non-pharmaceutical interventions 173 00:08:38,010 --> 00:08:41,210 aimed at social distancing earlier 174 00:08:41,210 --> 00:08:44,270 were more effective at preventing the worst effects 175 00:08:44,270 --> 00:08:46,853 of epidemic spread and ultimately death. 176 00:08:48,960 --> 00:08:50,740 Perhaps technology today 177 00:08:50,740 --> 00:08:52,543 will be an ally in this regard. 178 00:08:53,640 --> 00:08:55,890 Some businesses can continue remotely 179 00:08:55,890 --> 00:08:57,413 through mandatory telework. 180 00:08:58,740 --> 00:09:01,113 Students can receive instructions online. 181 00:09:03,850 --> 00:09:05,340 Of course, in other ways, 182 00:09:05,340 --> 00:09:08,830 our modern lifestyles and interconnected world 183 00:09:08,830 --> 00:09:11,803 often benefits our virological opponents. 184 00:09:12,920 --> 00:09:16,290 And as the world has become increasingly more globalized, 185 00:09:16,290 --> 00:09:18,950 the pace of trade and traffic has increased 186 00:09:18,950 --> 00:09:21,710 with faster ships, faster planes, 187 00:09:21,710 --> 00:09:23,750 faster mechanisms of trade. 188 00:09:23,750 --> 00:09:26,420 The concern for epidemic spread around the world 189 00:09:26,420 --> 00:09:28,070 has become even more significant. 190 00:09:29,070 --> 00:09:31,920 And every place in the world is one flight away 191 00:09:31,920 --> 00:09:34,180 from almost all other places. 192 00:09:34,180 --> 00:09:37,143 And as we always say, disease have no borders. 193 00:09:39,110 --> 00:09:40,230 But countries will seek 194 00:09:40,230 --> 00:09:43,570 to protectively seal themselves off from the virus. 195 00:09:43,570 --> 00:09:46,460 Israel now requires all international arrivals 196 00:09:46,460 --> 00:09:49,970 to self-quarantine for a period of two weeks, 197 00:09:49,970 --> 00:09:53,320 and the United States issued new restrictions for travel 198 00:09:53,320 --> 00:09:54,823 for most of Europe. 199 00:09:55,670 --> 00:09:58,800 To keep new cases from entering our shores, 200 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:01,090 we will be suspending all travel 201 00:10:01,090 --> 00:10:03,120 from Europe to the United States 202 00:10:03,120 --> 00:10:04,733 for the next 30 days. 203 00:10:06,660 --> 00:10:07,550 In the early days 204 00:10:07,550 --> 00:10:09,490 of this public health emergency, 205 00:10:09,490 --> 00:10:11,540 the Chinese government limited travel 206 00:10:11,540 --> 00:10:13,260 during the New Year holiday, 207 00:10:13,260 --> 00:10:16,120 hoping to stem the tide of the disease, 208 00:10:16,120 --> 00:10:19,670 locking down 60 million people in Hubei Province, 209 00:10:19,670 --> 00:10:22,260 including 11 million in the city of Wuhan, 210 00:10:22,260 --> 00:10:24,800 the epidemic's first epicenter. 211 00:10:24,800 --> 00:10:27,893 The bustling mega city quickly turned into a ghost town. 212 00:10:29,690 --> 00:10:34,460 The scale of the quarantines in China 213 00:10:34,460 --> 00:10:39,103 really are on a level that we haven't see as humans ever. 214 00:10:42,200 --> 00:10:44,820 But then, the second week of March saw Italy, 215 00:10:44,820 --> 00:10:47,593 the hardest-hit country in Europe, follow suit, 216 00:10:48,710 --> 00:10:51,870 putting the whole country under red zone restrictions, 217 00:10:51,870 --> 00:10:53,493 all 60 million people. 218 00:10:55,630 --> 00:10:58,240 Drastic times call for drastic measures. 219 00:10:58,240 --> 00:11:01,653 School closings, business suspensions, and curfews. 220 00:11:02,507 --> 00:11:05,090 (gentle music) 221 00:11:06,500 --> 00:11:09,350 This, in the country where quarantines originated 222 00:11:09,350 --> 00:11:13,150 during the Middle Ages to protect poor cities like Venice 223 00:11:13,150 --> 00:11:14,593 from incoming disease. 224 00:11:16,430 --> 00:11:19,520 Where the word quarantine comes from quarantena, 225 00:11:19,520 --> 00:11:24,320 which is basically the withholding or control of ships 226 00:11:24,320 --> 00:11:27,410 or goods or people for a period of 40 days. 227 00:11:27,410 --> 00:11:29,800 And this quarantines were largely imposed 228 00:11:29,800 --> 00:11:32,290 in response to the threat of bubonic plague, 229 00:11:32,290 --> 00:11:36,060 so this was the period around the Black Death in Europe 230 00:11:36,060 --> 00:11:38,563 which obviously was devastating. 231 00:11:39,910 --> 00:11:41,770 Those early quarantines evolved 232 00:11:41,770 --> 00:11:43,620 into the controlled enclosure 233 00:11:43,620 --> 00:11:45,763 of districts impacted by disease. 234 00:11:47,680 --> 00:11:49,290 The city health authority 235 00:11:49,290 --> 00:11:51,400 would attempt to shut down spaces, 236 00:11:51,400 --> 00:11:54,230 control and sanitize the streets. 237 00:11:54,230 --> 00:11:56,210 Despite not understanding necessarily germ theory, 238 00:11:56,210 --> 00:11:58,050 these were kind of early sanitary practices 239 00:11:58,050 --> 00:11:59,890 that would attempt to kind of tidy up 240 00:11:59,890 --> 00:12:02,913 a potential infectious space. 241 00:12:04,500 --> 00:12:07,480 Quarantines, however, can be manipulated 242 00:12:07,480 --> 00:12:10,830 and expand inequities and injustice. 243 00:12:10,830 --> 00:12:15,830 In 1901 in Cape Town, the arrival of bubonic plague 244 00:12:17,290 --> 00:12:20,470 in the city was met with very aggressive 245 00:12:20,470 --> 00:12:23,980 racially-specific quarantining and segregation 246 00:12:23,980 --> 00:12:28,060 of much of the city's black African population. 247 00:12:28,060 --> 00:12:32,510 This model of forced removal really formed the model, 248 00:12:32,510 --> 00:12:35,760 the architecture for what we think of as 249 00:12:35,760 --> 00:12:38,980 one of the quintessential forms of social control 250 00:12:38,980 --> 00:12:40,781 that we saw in the 20th century, 251 00:12:40,781 --> 00:12:43,053 the South African Apartheid township. 252 00:12:44,170 --> 00:12:46,810 In 2020, in order to be successful 253 00:12:46,810 --> 00:12:48,670 against COVID-19, 254 00:12:48,670 --> 00:12:50,660 prevention and preparation measures 255 00:12:50,660 --> 00:12:52,753 must be uniformly implemented. 256 00:12:53,935 --> 00:12:55,463 (mumbles) for everybody, 257 00:12:56,660 --> 00:12:58,053 for the human kind. 258 00:12:59,480 --> 00:13:01,410 We need to think about countries 259 00:13:01,410 --> 00:13:06,410 that might have less ready and prepared care systems, 260 00:13:06,710 --> 00:13:08,710 but there is a lot that we can do. 261 00:13:08,710 --> 00:13:11,713 That requires investment, that requires preparation. 262 00:13:12,950 --> 00:13:15,040 Although it seems a big cost now, 263 00:13:15,040 --> 00:13:17,380 it will be much less than the bill 264 00:13:17,380 --> 00:13:21,713 that a pandemic that goes unchecked will present us. 265 00:13:24,040 --> 00:13:26,610 From 2014 to 2016, 266 00:13:26,610 --> 00:13:31,500 West African nations Sierra Leon, Guinea, and Liberia 267 00:13:31,500 --> 00:13:35,280 endured an outbreak of the deadly Ebola virus. 268 00:13:35,280 --> 00:13:37,580 Going in to collect the Ebola dead 269 00:13:37,580 --> 00:13:41,370 is one of the riskiest jobs in the world right now, 270 00:13:41,370 --> 00:13:43,250 but these Red Cross volunteers know 271 00:13:43,250 --> 00:13:45,200 it's one that has to be done. 272 00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:48,180 All the evidence suggests the majority of new Ebola cases 273 00:13:48,180 --> 00:13:49,320 are directly linked to people 274 00:13:49,320 --> 00:13:51,870 who had contact with a dead body. 275 00:13:51,870 --> 00:13:55,170 Burying people quickly and safely is key 276 00:13:55,170 --> 00:13:57,203 to getting this outbreak under control. 277 00:13:59,850 --> 00:14:03,630 The last time a loved one might have seen their beloved 278 00:14:03,630 --> 00:14:06,550 was at the moment when they were taken away in an ambulance, 279 00:14:06,550 --> 00:14:08,440 and because burials had to be taken care of 280 00:14:08,440 --> 00:14:10,720 in a particularly sanitized way, 281 00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:12,920 it often meant that loved ones and families 282 00:14:12,920 --> 00:14:14,200 never got to say goodbye 283 00:14:14,200 --> 00:14:16,410 and, in some cases, may not have known 284 00:14:16,410 --> 00:14:20,154 where their family members were actually buried. 285 00:14:20,154 --> 00:14:23,090 (people speaking in foreign language) 286 00:14:23,090 --> 00:14:24,470 Altering burial customs 287 00:14:24,470 --> 00:14:26,420 took a great emotional toll 288 00:14:26,420 --> 00:14:29,093 and endangered the safety of healthcare workers. 289 00:14:33,910 --> 00:14:36,500 The outbreak killed more than 11,000 people 290 00:14:36,500 --> 00:14:39,630 before health authorities lifted the crisis, 291 00:14:39,630 --> 00:14:41,640 but grassroots education efforts 292 00:14:41,640 --> 00:14:43,840 helped lead to behavioral change 293 00:14:43,840 --> 00:14:45,773 impacting the course of infection. 294 00:14:48,200 --> 00:14:50,940 I think we can look at aspects of the Ebola response, 295 00:14:50,940 --> 00:14:54,490 specially community-led aspects of the Ebola response, 296 00:14:54,490 --> 00:14:56,700 as very successful in West Africa, 297 00:14:56,700 --> 00:15:00,860 i.e. responses that relied on support of the public. 298 00:15:00,860 --> 00:15:05,250 So these were practices like refraining from shaking hands, 299 00:15:05,250 --> 00:15:08,670 the application and implementation of hand washing stations 300 00:15:08,670 --> 00:15:12,650 outside of restaurants, hotels, major buildings, 301 00:15:12,650 --> 00:15:14,650 post offices, et cetera, 302 00:15:14,650 --> 00:15:19,650 to provide access to sanitary and hygienic services, 303 00:15:19,690 --> 00:15:22,970 and also curfews and the limitations 304 00:15:22,970 --> 00:15:24,703 on large public gatherings. 305 00:15:25,960 --> 00:15:27,650 Some of those same practices 306 00:15:27,650 --> 00:15:29,703 can help combat COVID-19. 307 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:32,500 Washing your hands thoroughly, 308 00:15:33,930 --> 00:15:36,530 minimizing contact with infected people 309 00:15:36,530 --> 00:15:38,993 by employing social distancing tactics. 310 00:15:40,280 --> 00:15:42,210 The beauty of the human spirit 311 00:15:42,210 --> 00:15:46,560 and also the human race as social animals 312 00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:47,840 means that even in the absence 313 00:15:47,840 --> 00:15:52,840 of some of our most basic forms of greeting or interaction, 314 00:15:53,330 --> 00:15:55,690 it doesn't mean we can't figure out new ones 315 00:15:55,690 --> 00:15:57,883 in response to a moment of crisis. 316 00:15:58,810 --> 00:16:00,900 An army of scientists around the world 317 00:16:00,900 --> 00:16:04,820 race to develop a vaccine to combat COVID-19, 318 00:16:04,820 --> 00:16:06,890 but these efforts take time, 319 00:16:06,890 --> 00:16:10,290 and the coronavirus health crisis grows. 320 00:16:10,290 --> 00:16:13,643 Uncertain future, perhaps, but not all is lost. 321 00:16:14,680 --> 00:16:19,680 The bottom line is we're not at the mercy of the virus. 322 00:16:21,840 --> 00:16:23,320 The great advantage we have 323 00:16:23,320 --> 00:16:26,830 is that the decisions we all make 324 00:16:27,690 --> 00:16:32,690 as governments, businesses, communities, 325 00:16:32,695 --> 00:16:35,370 families and individuals 326 00:16:35,370 --> 00:16:38,723 can influence the trajectory of this epidemic. 327 00:16:40,354 --> 00:16:42,854 (tense music)