1 00:00:01,570 --> 00:00:04,150 Once again, a scary new virus 2 00:00:04,150 --> 00:00:06,560 is commanding the world's attention. 3 00:00:06,560 --> 00:00:08,690 Information changes daily. 4 00:00:08,690 --> 00:00:11,020 But we know that the Wuhan coronavirus 5 00:00:11,020 --> 00:00:13,923 started in a Chinese hub of 11 million people. 6 00:00:15,250 --> 00:00:17,610 Three million more than New York City. 7 00:00:17,610 --> 00:00:20,040 Wuhan is a city with daily flights 8 00:00:20,040 --> 00:00:21,840 to other countries around the world. 9 00:00:23,930 --> 00:00:26,400 With over 2,000 deaths reported, 10 00:00:26,400 --> 00:00:28,720 and cases of sickness on the rise, 11 00:00:28,720 --> 00:00:31,073 China has put Wuhan on lockdown. 12 00:00:33,760 --> 00:00:37,543 Worldwide, flights to and from China have been canceled. 13 00:00:38,540 --> 00:00:40,183 Ships have been quarantined. 14 00:00:41,930 --> 00:00:43,860 And health officials caution that 15 00:00:43,860 --> 00:00:46,493 an effective vaccine may be a year away. 16 00:00:48,200 --> 00:00:50,140 There are several steps before we can 17 00:00:50,140 --> 00:00:54,070 imagine any mass vaccination program at this stage. 18 00:00:54,070 --> 00:00:57,263 And it's not clear when we will have it available. 19 00:00:58,660 --> 00:01:00,200 The National Institute of Health 20 00:01:00,200 --> 00:01:02,050 is working diligently to develop 21 00:01:02,050 --> 00:01:04,600 a vaccine for the novel coronavirus 22 00:01:04,600 --> 00:01:08,083 by using its own genetic material, or RNA. 23 00:01:09,160 --> 00:01:13,600 What a mRNA vaccine is, is we're essentially 24 00:01:13,600 --> 00:01:16,270 delivering the genetic material, 25 00:01:16,270 --> 00:01:19,300 so we're delivering the messenger RNA 26 00:01:19,300 --> 00:01:23,993 that encodes our mutated novel coronavirus spike. 27 00:01:25,080 --> 00:01:29,560 The messenger RNA will tell the body to present 28 00:01:29,560 --> 00:01:32,770 this spike protein, and the body will respond 29 00:01:32,770 --> 00:01:35,863 by creating an immune response. 30 00:01:37,720 --> 00:01:39,410 But a lot more needs to be known 31 00:01:39,410 --> 00:01:41,890 about this coronavirus before any vaccine 32 00:01:41,890 --> 00:01:44,433 can be effective and widely available. 33 00:01:45,530 --> 00:01:48,400 Just what is COVID-19? 34 00:01:48,400 --> 00:01:49,853 And how does it spread? 35 00:01:51,200 --> 00:01:54,190 Every day that goes by and there are more cases 36 00:01:54,190 --> 00:01:56,570 it's more likely that the epidemic 37 00:01:56,570 --> 00:01:58,494 will surface in other places. 38 00:01:58,494 --> 00:02:01,411 (disturbing music) 39 00:02:06,810 --> 00:02:09,110 Millions of people who will have traveled 40 00:02:09,110 --> 00:02:11,650 across China and around the world 41 00:02:11,650 --> 00:02:14,070 are potentially carrying a virus which is 42 00:02:14,070 --> 00:02:18,283 extremely contagious and proving difficult to contain. 43 00:02:19,310 --> 00:02:21,050 Should we be worried? 44 00:02:21,050 --> 00:02:24,143 What are your chances of getting the latest coronavirus? 45 00:02:25,360 --> 00:02:27,500 One of the things we have seen, 46 00:02:27,500 --> 00:02:29,580 we meaning scientists and epidemiologists 47 00:02:29,580 --> 00:02:33,920 have seen in the last 50 years or so 48 00:02:33,920 --> 00:02:36,780 is apparently an increasing occurrence 49 00:02:36,780 --> 00:02:39,850 of what we call emerging infectious diseases. 50 00:02:39,850 --> 00:02:42,000 Brand new diseases that come out of nowhere, 51 00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:45,850 like AIDS, SARS, Zika. 52 00:02:45,850 --> 00:02:49,300 Or old diseases that we have gotten used to 53 00:02:49,300 --> 00:02:50,870 that we think aren't that big a problem 54 00:02:50,870 --> 00:02:52,880 and suddenly they come roaring back with a vengeance. 55 00:02:52,880 --> 00:02:55,243 So the question is, why is that? 56 00:02:56,430 --> 00:02:58,780 Chinese scientists who identified the virus 57 00:02:58,780 --> 00:03:02,093 named it novel coronavirus of 2019. 58 00:03:02,930 --> 00:03:05,920 It began infecting humans late last year. 59 00:03:05,920 --> 00:03:07,480 But it seems to have originated 60 00:03:07,480 --> 00:03:10,333 in a live animal market in Wuhan, China. 61 00:03:11,600 --> 00:03:14,920 The Wuhan virus belongs to the coronavirus family, 62 00:03:14,920 --> 00:03:18,713 which is a notorious group. 63 00:03:18,713 --> 00:03:21,990 Coronaviruses are an extremely common cause of colds 64 00:03:21,990 --> 00:03:24,570 and other upper respiratory infections. 65 00:03:24,570 --> 00:03:27,170 And they're often zoonosis, 66 00:03:27,170 --> 00:03:30,173 this means they can spread from one animal to another. 67 00:03:31,470 --> 00:03:34,963 Coronaviruses are behind SARS and MERS. 68 00:03:35,960 --> 00:03:38,150 What we know is that this virus 69 00:03:38,150 --> 00:03:41,870 is in the same family of viruses like SARS. 70 00:03:41,870 --> 00:03:46,660 So it is akin and about 80% genetically similar 71 00:03:46,660 --> 00:03:48,523 to the SARS virus. 72 00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:51,990 Some of them originate in animals 73 00:03:51,990 --> 00:03:53,373 and then show up in people. 74 00:03:54,310 --> 00:03:57,250 Based on some of the transmission data from China 75 00:03:57,250 --> 00:03:59,580 not only did the virus jump from 76 00:03:59,580 --> 00:04:01,180 an animal reservoir into humans, 77 00:04:01,180 --> 00:04:04,863 but there is sustained human to human transmission. 78 00:04:07,061 --> 00:04:08,500 Coronaviruses were first 79 00:04:08,500 --> 00:04:11,190 identified in the 1960s. 80 00:04:11,190 --> 00:04:13,623 And get their name from their crown-like shape. 81 00:04:17,350 --> 00:04:19,150 These are the first detailed images 82 00:04:19,150 --> 00:04:22,130 of the Wuhan virus from a US laboratory. 83 00:04:22,130 --> 00:04:25,773 They're similar in shape and size to other coronaviruses, 84 00:04:25,773 --> 00:04:27,623 which have been around for some time. 85 00:04:29,690 --> 00:04:32,390 And how long they go back is a debate. 86 00:04:32,390 --> 00:04:34,950 There is a new belief now that at least 87 00:04:34,950 --> 00:04:37,380 some viruses used to be bacteria, 88 00:04:37,380 --> 00:04:38,610 which are living organisms. 89 00:04:38,610 --> 00:04:40,350 And then learned how to do without 90 00:04:40,350 --> 00:04:41,963 their replication machinery. 91 00:04:42,920 --> 00:04:45,130 Viruses use their host to supply 92 00:04:45,130 --> 00:04:48,460 the structure and energy to reproduce. 93 00:04:48,460 --> 00:04:51,530 Once a virus is embedded its only goal 94 00:04:51,530 --> 00:04:52,963 is to make more of itself. 95 00:04:54,200 --> 00:04:57,590 In humans this typically happens through airborne 96 00:04:57,590 --> 00:05:01,290 droplets of fluid produced by infected individuals, 97 00:05:01,290 --> 00:05:03,363 each drop containing the virus. 98 00:05:04,460 --> 00:05:06,700 Wuhan virus droplets fall to the ground 99 00:05:06,700 --> 00:05:09,510 within a few feet, that makes this virus 100 00:05:09,510 --> 00:05:13,440 harder to get than measles, chicken pox, and tuberculosis, 101 00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:15,840 which can travel a hundred feet through the air. 102 00:05:17,020 --> 00:05:21,450 But it's easier to catch than HIV or hepatitis, 103 00:05:21,450 --> 00:05:24,090 which spread only through direct contact 104 00:05:24,090 --> 00:05:26,733 with the bodily fluids of an infected person. 105 00:05:27,850 --> 00:05:31,250 Coronaviruses use a deadly strategy, 106 00:05:31,250 --> 00:05:33,440 often people are carriers before they 107 00:05:33,440 --> 00:05:34,823 even know that they're ill. 108 00:05:36,690 --> 00:05:40,670 When symptoms arise they vary from mild to severe. 109 00:05:40,670 --> 00:05:44,350 They may include a cough, possibly a fever, 110 00:05:44,350 --> 00:05:45,550 and shortness of breath. 111 00:05:47,050 --> 00:05:49,600 Many people recover within a few days. 112 00:05:49,600 --> 00:05:53,420 But some, especially the very young, elderly, 113 00:05:53,420 --> 00:05:56,060 or people who have a weakened immune system, 114 00:05:56,060 --> 00:05:58,933 may develop a bronchitis or pneumonia. 115 00:06:00,170 --> 00:06:03,680 So far it seems to take two days to two weeks 116 00:06:03,680 --> 00:06:06,600 for a victim to show Wuhan symptoms, 117 00:06:06,600 --> 00:06:08,713 during which time they're contagious. 118 00:06:09,610 --> 00:06:12,270 Stealth is one word that often comes in 119 00:06:12,270 --> 00:06:16,040 because a virus is able to find a cell, 120 00:06:16,040 --> 00:06:19,910 find a host, it's able to get in, 121 00:06:19,910 --> 00:06:23,690 and it's able to crosswire, disconnect, 122 00:06:23,690 --> 00:06:26,870 some of the alarm systems that a body has. 123 00:06:26,870 --> 00:06:29,080 So that it can get a headstart in terms of 124 00:06:29,080 --> 00:06:32,000 replicating itself and moving itself forward 125 00:06:32,000 --> 00:06:34,540 in terms of making enough copies of itself 126 00:06:34,540 --> 00:06:37,080 so it can spread to the next host. 127 00:06:37,080 --> 00:06:39,440 Whenever a new virus appears 128 00:06:39,440 --> 00:06:41,060 health authorities try to predict 129 00:06:41,060 --> 00:06:43,240 an accurate contagion rate. 130 00:06:43,240 --> 00:06:46,340 And to prevent what is known as a pandemic. 131 00:06:46,340 --> 00:06:49,160 Epidemic is when you have a major epidemic 132 00:06:49,160 --> 00:06:50,740 like this one, in one country, 133 00:06:50,740 --> 00:06:53,053 with sustained human to human transmission. 134 00:06:53,920 --> 00:06:56,390 To become a pandemic you have to get 135 00:06:56,390 --> 00:06:58,530 the same situation that we have in China 136 00:06:58,530 --> 00:06:59,790 in more than one country, 137 00:06:59,790 --> 00:07:02,670 and possibly more than one continent. 138 00:07:02,670 --> 00:07:04,380 That is what define a pandemic, 139 00:07:04,380 --> 00:07:07,360 it becomes a global spreading event. 140 00:07:07,360 --> 00:07:09,520 The expectation really at this stage 141 00:07:09,520 --> 00:07:12,280 would be that there should be ongoing transmission. 142 00:07:12,280 --> 00:07:13,680 We need to do everything we can 143 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:14,980 to try and slow that down. 144 00:07:16,124 --> 00:07:18,890 Viruses are one of the simplest organisms 145 00:07:18,890 --> 00:07:22,720 and one of the oldest organisms on the planet. 146 00:07:22,720 --> 00:07:27,230 Our ability to study them has increased exponentially 147 00:07:27,230 --> 00:07:30,510 over just the past 10 or 15 years, even. 148 00:07:30,510 --> 00:07:33,300 Right now, within 48 hours, 149 00:07:33,300 --> 00:07:36,500 we can sequence the entire genome of a virus, 150 00:07:36,500 --> 00:07:39,760 identify each of the proteins that are present in there, 151 00:07:39,760 --> 00:07:42,860 compare it to all the other viruses that we know of, 152 00:07:42,860 --> 00:07:44,780 find its nearest relatives. 153 00:07:44,780 --> 00:07:46,770 Infer from that how the virus 154 00:07:46,770 --> 00:07:49,160 is probably spreading in the population. 155 00:07:49,160 --> 00:07:52,240 Come up with tests that can then go out there 156 00:07:52,240 --> 00:07:54,530 and test individuals for not only the presence 157 00:07:54,530 --> 00:07:56,470 of an active virus infection, 158 00:07:56,470 --> 00:07:58,960 but we can also then design tests that can tell you 159 00:07:58,960 --> 00:08:01,210 if you have been infected at some point in time 160 00:08:01,210 --> 00:08:02,610 in your life with the virus. 161 00:08:04,340 --> 00:08:05,900 They also try to calculate 162 00:08:05,900 --> 00:08:08,005 how rapidly a virus may spread 163 00:08:08,005 --> 00:08:11,803 by using a reproductive number known as an R0. 164 00:08:12,890 --> 00:08:15,400 The R0 represents how many people 165 00:08:15,400 --> 00:08:18,833 one infected individual may transmit the virus to. 166 00:08:20,900 --> 00:08:22,930 Multiple teams have published estimates 167 00:08:22,930 --> 00:08:24,813 about the Wuhan virus that range from 168 00:08:24,813 --> 00:08:28,760 1.4 to 5.5, making it difficult 169 00:08:28,760 --> 00:08:32,113 to get a clear picture of how contagious it really is. 170 00:08:34,200 --> 00:08:36,240 The World Health Organization suggests 171 00:08:36,240 --> 00:08:38,363 an average R0 between 1.4 and 2.5. 172 00:08:41,220 --> 00:08:44,310 That would make the Wuhan less contagious than SARS, 173 00:08:44,310 --> 00:08:47,180 which had an average R0 of three 174 00:08:47,180 --> 00:08:52,180 and infected more than 8,000 people, 774 of whom died. 175 00:08:54,470 --> 00:08:58,523 The R0 rate for measles ranges from 12 to 18. 176 00:09:00,500 --> 00:09:04,033 But much is still unknown about the Wuhan coronavirus. 177 00:09:05,460 --> 00:09:07,470 If the disease will spread globally, 178 00:09:07,470 --> 00:09:12,470 inevitable it will really affect all areas of the world. 179 00:09:14,940 --> 00:09:16,310 Experts don't yet know 180 00:09:16,310 --> 00:09:18,740 how dangerous this new virus might be 181 00:09:18,740 --> 00:09:22,280 because coronaviruses mutate while they replicate, 182 00:09:22,280 --> 00:09:24,193 evolving and changing quickly. 183 00:09:25,300 --> 00:09:27,160 Well the more you know about the virus 184 00:09:27,160 --> 00:09:31,170 the more you can use natural science, epidemiology, 185 00:09:31,170 --> 00:09:34,300 and all the tools that science provide us 186 00:09:34,300 --> 00:09:36,573 to optimize what we do. 187 00:09:37,500 --> 00:09:39,980 Viruses are very small entities. 188 00:09:39,980 --> 00:09:41,750 They're minuscule. 189 00:09:41,750 --> 00:09:43,590 Millions of them could fit on the head of a pin. 190 00:09:43,590 --> 00:09:44,700 They're very tiny. 191 00:09:44,700 --> 00:09:47,113 And they have very limited nucleic acid. 192 00:09:47,980 --> 00:09:50,150 They're programmed, if you will, 193 00:09:50,150 --> 00:09:52,830 to purposely make all sorts of genetic mistakes 194 00:09:52,830 --> 00:09:55,450 when they are replicated by a cell. 195 00:09:55,450 --> 00:09:57,210 And the reason that's advantageous 196 00:09:57,210 --> 00:09:59,840 is because the one thing a virus can do well 197 00:09:59,840 --> 00:10:02,110 is mutate at a very high rate. 198 00:10:02,110 --> 00:10:06,070 And what that means is if you can mutate at a very high rate 199 00:10:06,070 --> 00:10:08,310 you can potentially take advantage 200 00:10:08,310 --> 00:10:10,930 of not just one but hundreds, thousands, 201 00:10:10,930 --> 00:10:14,610 maybe even more, ecologic niches that you might encounter. 202 00:10:14,610 --> 00:10:18,193 So viruses are sort of the ultimate genetic adapters. 203 00:10:19,150 --> 00:10:21,160 Some of them are uniquely adapted 204 00:10:21,160 --> 00:10:24,993 to thrive in humans, even if they originated elsewhere. 205 00:10:27,330 --> 00:10:30,310 We know that when a virus or a pathogen 206 00:10:30,310 --> 00:10:33,190 enters a new host things will evolve. 207 00:10:33,190 --> 00:10:37,030 What we don't know is where that evolution leads. 208 00:10:37,030 --> 00:10:39,190 Will it lead to increased disease, 209 00:10:39,190 --> 00:10:40,730 will it lead to less disease, 210 00:10:40,730 --> 00:10:43,270 will it lead to increased amounts 211 00:10:43,270 --> 00:10:46,200 of the virus with fewer symptoms? 212 00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:48,380 These are all the potential possibilities, 213 00:10:48,380 --> 00:10:49,970 and it's another reason why 214 00:10:49,970 --> 00:10:52,210 we really need to monitor this infection 215 00:10:52,210 --> 00:10:55,200 and these outbreaks very very closely. 216 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:58,490 Not only from the aspect of preventing disease 217 00:10:58,490 --> 00:11:01,070 in the public, but also because we want to 218 00:11:01,070 --> 00:11:03,570 keep track of how the virus is changing 219 00:11:03,570 --> 00:11:06,660 and make sure that we're trying to keep up with that virus 220 00:11:06,660 --> 00:11:08,930 in terms of how its properties might be changing 221 00:11:08,930 --> 00:11:10,983 now that it's seen so many individuals. 222 00:11:12,290 --> 00:11:15,700 Scientists studying the SARS virus in 2005 223 00:11:15,700 --> 00:11:19,080 discovered that it was originally present in bats. 224 00:11:19,080 --> 00:11:23,310 And that somehow made the leap to infect humans. 225 00:11:23,310 --> 00:11:25,850 One category is newly emerging. 226 00:11:25,850 --> 00:11:29,880 A brand new virus that wasn't affecting people before. 227 00:11:29,880 --> 00:11:32,410 It might not even have been noticed in animals before. 228 00:11:32,410 --> 00:11:34,543 That was true of SARS, for example. 229 00:11:35,570 --> 00:11:38,680 And despite the Wuhan virus' sudden infamy, 230 00:11:38,680 --> 00:11:40,130 it's been around for a while. 231 00:11:41,460 --> 00:11:44,020 Something very similar was found several years ago 232 00:11:44,020 --> 00:11:46,300 in a cave in a province roughly 233 00:11:46,300 --> 00:11:48,193 a thousand miles southwest of Wuhan. 234 00:11:49,700 --> 00:11:51,330 A field team took blood samples 235 00:11:51,330 --> 00:11:53,220 from a couple of thousand people, 236 00:11:53,220 --> 00:11:56,630 about 400 of whom lived near the cave. 237 00:11:56,630 --> 00:11:59,730 Roughly 3% of them carried antibodies 238 00:11:59,730 --> 00:12:04,730 against SARS related coronaviruses, like the Wuhan variety. 239 00:12:04,940 --> 00:12:07,010 They weren't able to determine if the carriers 240 00:12:07,010 --> 00:12:10,413 had actually gotten sick, or if they'd been exposed. 241 00:12:12,100 --> 00:12:13,510 In these fearful times, 242 00:12:13,510 --> 00:12:16,830 Beijing's hospitals look like battlegrounds. 243 00:12:16,830 --> 00:12:19,250 A sick man is carried into one of the places 244 00:12:19,250 --> 00:12:21,773 where checks for SARS are now being done. 245 00:12:23,230 --> 00:12:25,310 But they knew that the SARS virus 246 00:12:25,310 --> 00:12:28,030 had made the jump from bats to humans. 247 00:12:28,030 --> 00:12:30,487 So they believed that the new coronavirus 248 00:12:30,487 --> 00:12:34,063 also emerged from an animal, probably a bat. 249 00:12:36,410 --> 00:12:38,204 Then it may have passed through a second 250 00:12:38,204 --> 00:12:41,740 intermediate host, like a pangolin, 251 00:12:41,740 --> 00:12:43,303 before appearing in humans. 252 00:12:45,820 --> 00:12:47,643 It's what viruses do best. 253 00:12:49,620 --> 00:12:51,070 What infectious diseases wanna do 254 00:12:51,070 --> 00:12:53,450 is spread to the next host. 255 00:12:53,450 --> 00:12:55,699 The common flu, or influenza, 256 00:12:55,699 --> 00:12:58,850 is a virus, but it rarely gets the attention 257 00:12:58,850 --> 00:13:01,340 of things with exotic names. 258 00:13:01,340 --> 00:13:04,190 For most of us the flu is old news, 259 00:13:04,190 --> 00:13:06,960 whether or not we get our yearly shot. 260 00:13:06,960 --> 00:13:09,080 Viruses named after foreign places, 261 00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:13,693 like Ebola, Zika, and Wuhan, inspire terror. 262 00:13:14,820 --> 00:13:16,780 It's still tough to assess how lethal 263 00:13:16,780 --> 00:13:18,233 the Wuhan virus may be. 264 00:13:19,080 --> 00:13:22,140 The worst cases are usually detected first. 265 00:13:22,140 --> 00:13:25,333 And so far, about 2% of these have been fatal. 266 00:13:26,200 --> 00:13:29,573 But people with mild cases may never visit a doctor. 267 00:13:30,490 --> 00:13:32,880 There may be more cases than we know, 268 00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:35,630 and the death rate may be lower than initially thought. 269 00:13:37,360 --> 00:13:40,700 There is one key element here, that is, 270 00:13:40,700 --> 00:13:43,250 are people infected with the disease 271 00:13:43,250 --> 00:13:45,240 able to transmit the disease 272 00:13:45,240 --> 00:13:48,850 before developing symptoms or not? 273 00:13:48,850 --> 00:13:53,240 Depending on what is the fraction of pre-symptomatic 274 00:13:53,240 --> 00:13:57,235 transmission the disease will have a different pace. 275 00:13:57,235 --> 00:14:00,400 Because while we can isolate people with symptoms 276 00:14:00,400 --> 00:14:02,240 we can decrease the transmissibility 277 00:14:02,240 --> 00:14:03,920 of the disease that way. 278 00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:06,220 If a large fraction of the transmissibility 279 00:14:06,220 --> 00:14:08,810 is during a pre-symptomatic phase 280 00:14:08,810 --> 00:14:12,960 it's impossible to isolate people. 281 00:14:12,960 --> 00:14:17,660 And so the disease will move more rapidly across the world. 282 00:14:17,660 --> 00:14:19,410 Worldwide we're already 283 00:14:19,410 --> 00:14:22,010 dealing with a dangerous epidemic. 284 00:14:22,010 --> 00:14:25,450 According to the CDC, influenza has already sickened 285 00:14:25,450 --> 00:14:28,563 at least 15 million Americans this season. 286 00:14:29,430 --> 00:14:34,353 Hospitalizing 140,000, and killing 8,200. 287 00:14:35,840 --> 00:14:39,930 In a bad year the flu kills up to 61,000 Americans, 288 00:14:39,930 --> 00:14:43,103 and worldwide more than 650,000. 289 00:14:44,300 --> 00:14:45,960 While health workers and scientists 290 00:14:45,960 --> 00:14:48,290 are still learning about the Wuhan virus 291 00:14:48,290 --> 00:14:50,410 perhaps the biggest concern is that, 292 00:14:50,410 --> 00:14:54,370 in milder cases it can masquerade as the flu. 293 00:14:54,370 --> 00:14:56,530 And that makes distinguishing between the two 294 00:14:56,530 --> 00:15:00,393 more difficult and increases the chances of transmission. 295 00:15:01,900 --> 00:15:05,920 When it comes to the Wuhan coronavirus or any new virus, 296 00:15:05,920 --> 00:15:09,093 increasing global connectivity magnifies the problem. 297 00:15:10,270 --> 00:15:15,050 We have to be aware that now every place in the world 298 00:15:15,050 --> 00:15:17,520 is one flight away from China. 299 00:15:17,520 --> 00:15:19,390 And every place in the world 300 00:15:19,390 --> 00:15:23,160 is one flight away from almost all other places. 301 00:15:23,160 --> 00:15:25,820 It might be two flights instead of one, 302 00:15:25,820 --> 00:15:30,623 but we are living in a global interconnected world. 303 00:15:31,860 --> 00:15:34,900 But the experts are on the case. 304 00:15:34,900 --> 00:15:39,610 Today we can do all these things in a matter of hours. 305 00:15:39,610 --> 00:15:42,100 And we can come up with tests that tell you 306 00:15:42,100 --> 00:15:43,940 if you're infected, we can come up with tests 307 00:15:43,940 --> 00:15:46,250 that tell you if you have been infected previously, 308 00:15:46,250 --> 00:15:47,740 and controlled the infection. 309 00:15:47,740 --> 00:15:51,200 And we can do so in a matter of days 310 00:15:51,200 --> 00:15:53,360 what used to take years to do, 311 00:15:53,360 --> 00:15:55,820 in the 50s, and even in the 80s. 312 00:15:55,820 --> 00:15:59,730 So our technology has progressed significantly 313 00:15:59,730 --> 00:16:01,940 in terms of our ability to do things 314 00:16:01,940 --> 00:16:04,080 effectively and quickly. 315 00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:06,480 It really is now our ability to implement 316 00:16:06,480 --> 00:16:08,300 all these things that is something that 317 00:16:08,300 --> 00:16:10,750 our public health officials are working on. 318 00:16:10,750 --> 00:16:13,510 Thwarting this virus, or any new disease, 319 00:16:13,510 --> 00:16:16,503 requires a hands-on approach by multiple partners. 320 00:16:17,440 --> 00:16:19,950 Since the very beginning, all the agencies 321 00:16:19,950 --> 00:16:23,030 have had a good deal of coordination. 322 00:16:23,030 --> 00:16:25,670 The World Health Organization, Center for Disease Control, 323 00:16:25,670 --> 00:16:27,880 European Center for Disease Control. 324 00:16:27,880 --> 00:16:31,233 And they have created a network of people they talk to. 325 00:16:32,840 --> 00:16:34,580 For now, health officials say, 326 00:16:34,580 --> 00:16:38,367 the best precaution is the simplest, wash your hands. 327 00:16:38,367 --> 00:16:41,284 (disturbing music)