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On the edge of Uganda's Lake
Victoria is Ngamba Island,

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home to a remarkable family
of chimpanzees.

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Rescued from the chimp trade
when they were just babies...

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..these chimps are all orphans.

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They've lived most of their lives
in this semi-wild sanctuary...

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..spending their days
in the forest and their nights

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in sheltered accommodation.

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Without their own mothers
to raise them,

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they are looked after by
a dedicated team of caregivers...

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..who teach them how to eat,
play and speak like chimps.

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MIMICS CHIMP'S SCREECH

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They seek out stimulating activities
as forms of therapy...

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They need to be motivated
to keep active,

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both physically and mentally.

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She's filming her legs.

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..and they, ultimately,
help new orphans integrate

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into the community.

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Socialisation for chimps
is every bit as important

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as it is for humans.

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Without that, they're not chimps.

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This is the story of a remarkable
island, a place where rescued chimps

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can put their troubled
pasts behind them...

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..and live life as a chimp once
again.

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CHATTERING AND WHOOPING

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Whenever I see them happily
playing in the forest,

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it makes me really feel good.

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Yeah, they are having a good life.

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For Ngamba's caregivers,
there's nothing more rewarding

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than the sight of a rescued chimp
monkeying around in the forest.

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Long arms, five times stronger
than a human's,

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make these animals perfectly adapted
for life in the trees.

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But it's when they use those same
hands to grab a stick...

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..and thoughtfully fashion
it into a tool...

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..the line between chimp and human
suddenly becomes blurred.

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I take chimpanzees as exactly human,
sometimes more than humans.

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With chimps, they are different
from most animals.

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Sometimes I don't want
to call them animals.

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Chimpanzees are our
closest animal cousins.

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Sharing 99% of our DNA,
they don't just look like us...

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..they think like us, too.

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They plan their future...

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..and remember their past.

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They have a sense
of right and wrong.

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They can be happy, sad,
even depressed.

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They're very intelligent
and they are definitely individuals,

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they do have personalities.

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And they have very different
life experiences.

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All of these life experiences
are going to shape you into

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a completely different individual.

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Some of them are very shy,
some of them are very confident,

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some are just a bit thick
and some are a bit smart,

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and it's just the same as humans.

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With so much in common with us,
the scale of the crisis

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they are facing at the hands
of humans is hard to believe.

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In the 1990s, 1 million chimpanzees
lived across central Africa,

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from Senegal in the west
to Uganda in the east.

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But since then, habitat loss,
hunting for bush meat and the exotic

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pet trade has seen their populations
crash to just 200,000.

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Ngamba Island,

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which lies off the coast of Uganda's
Lake Victoria...

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..is a 100-acre haven
for a few lucky survivors.

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A place for orphaned
and rescued chimps to live

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alongside their own kind.

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It's very important for us to get
them to integrate

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and form a community and lead

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the natural social life that they
would.

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The intensely social nature
of these great apes

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has long been recognised by
the world's leading experts.

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Socialisation for chimps
is every bit as important

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as it is for humans.

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Without that, they're not chimps,
they don't become chimps

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unless they're properly socialised.

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This is, you know, part of the big
job that we do at Ngamba Island.

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Established 20 years ago
with just 11 chimps,

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today, 49 make their home here,
most arriving as orphaned babies.

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Remarkably, this odd mix of abused
orphans, household pets

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and circus chimps has grown up
to forge an unlikely family.

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An incredible feat,
given their traumatic pasts.

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Chimpanzee communities are quite
complex. You can't be integrated

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into the group overnight
and know how to behave.

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You have to learn, to some extent.

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And you need to learn how to form
the right alliances

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and a little bit of brute strength
never goes amiss.

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The head of the family
is Umutama, the alpha male.

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He came to Ngamba as
a three-year-old toddler

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after being rescued from a house
where he was being kept as a pet.

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Now 21, he has strategically risen
the ranks to command the respect

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of the entire community.

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In an isolated enclosure separated
from most of the other chimps

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is Ngamba's newest orphan,
two-year-old Eazy.

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But he is a very different
kind of orphan.

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Eazy's integration has been more
different from the others,

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because he was born here.

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Although Ngamba's females are all
given contraceptive implants,

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they don't always work.

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Sadly, Eazy's mum rejected him soon
after birth,

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as she lacked the experience to
mother him.

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Abandoned and vulnerable,

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the caregivers decided to raise Eazy
themselves.

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After a year and a half
growing up with them,

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they began his slow
integration back into

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the chimp community.

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So we brought in females one by one,

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and formed a bond between Eazy
and some females.

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Today, Eazy has six friendly
females,

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including an adopted mother, Connie,
to play with and learn from.

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For now, he spends his days
with them in this enclosure, safely

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cut-off from the forest chimps.

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But to complete his integration
and join the forest community,

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Eazy will need to make friends
with all of Ngamba's chimps...

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..including Umutama.

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And alpha males don't take kindly
to outsiders

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who may grow up to threaten their
rule.

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When we are doing integration,

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the last day when Eazy

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has been integrated with all the
chimpanzees, that makes us winners.

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Until that day arrives, there is
much for baby Eazy to learn

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as he readjusts from growing up
with humans

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to living his life as a chimp.

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Ngamba's chimps are free
to spend all day outside,

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but every evening most choose
to return to the dusk enclosure

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to grab a bite to eat before bed.

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A series of sliding doors
ensures the chimps go

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into their designated rooms.

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The caregivers wouldn't want
the alpha males like Umutama ending

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up with baby Eazy.

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He sucks the thumb
when he is hungry.

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It's an easy way of communicating
to us as caregivers

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that he needs food.

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Although the forest
is full of fruiting trees

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from which the chimps can feed,
it's not big enough to sustain

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a group as large as this.

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So, the chimps rely
on hand-outs of food.

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These bowls of porridge are one
of four square meals a day.

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They're licked clean and returned
with care,

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since there is always a chance of
a second helping.

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Without a mother to nurse him, Eazy
gets extra milk in his porridge.

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His tiny hands too small to hold
a bowl like the adults...

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..he's quite happy to use a sippy
cup for now.

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After everyone has had their fill,
it's time for sleep.

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Each chimp gets one handful of
straw...

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..before retiring to their
hammocks hanging from the roof.

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They prepare their beds of straw
just as they would fold leaves

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up in a tree in the wild.

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It's one of the lessons
they've had to learn on their way

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to become chimps.

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They often get into the nest
and they kind of roll on their backs

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and they put one knee over the other
and they look up at the stars.

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And that's the way they go to sleep.

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So, you assume... I think you have
to assume, that they're reflecting

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on their day, in the same way
that when we go to bed at night,

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we're often reflecting on our day.

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So, what are they actually
thinking about?

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And that's kind of
the million-dollar question

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that we all are intrigued by.

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Perhaps Eazy is dreaming
about his eventual trip

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to the forest.

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Daybreak.

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And as the rescued chimps are led
out of their enclosure...

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..a cacophony of calls signals
excitement

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for the favourite part of
their day.

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Breakfast.

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Serving the chimps outside is
the easiest way to get them

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out of bed and into the forest,
where they belong.

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On the menu today
is some local cuisine.

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In Swahili it's called ugali.

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So, this is maize flour,
it's mixed with hot water.

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Do they like it?

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Yeah, they love it, you can hear,
they are even complaining,

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"Man, give me, give me, give me!"

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When it comes to ordering breakfast,
social ranking determines a chimp's

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seat at the table.

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The alphas like Umutama take
position closest to the fence.

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They use loud calls
and elaborate gestures

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to grab their caregivers' attention.

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The lower-ranking chimps prefer
to be less conspicuous.

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They stay well back, hoping
to quietly grab their food

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before an alpha steals it from them.

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But even the low-ranking ones,
they know the feeding trick.

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So, she's asking me, throw it deep
in the forest, then I'll get it,

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before he gets there. You see?

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As the food runs out, the alphas
fight over the last scraps...

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..while the low-ranking chimps use
the distraction to their advantage.

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As the bigger ones are fighting,

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the smaller ones are gathering now.
They're gathering here.

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Finally, everyone settles down...

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OK.

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That's it.

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OK, guys!

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..and this group heads
into the forest to begin their day.

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Baby Eazy, who has yet to integrate
with the forest community,

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is eagerly awaiting his breakfast...

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..although he faces competition
from his hungry group of females.

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Eazy is a big chimp for his age
and he looks strong

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and he looks healthy.

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Adriana Lowe, a primatologist
who studies wild chimpanzees,

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has joined the morning feed.

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For her, the fate of Ngamba's
orphans, like Eazy,

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is very different to what she has
seen in the wild.

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Infants who are orphaned before five
years don't generally survive.

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This is because female chimpanzees
emigrate to new communities

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on sexual maturity, so they don't
have female relatives.

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And it doesn't make evolutionary
sense for a chimp to start

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breast-feeding a stranger's baby.

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So, without the direct care
of a mother, in the wild, a baby

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chimp would definitely die.

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At Ngamba, orphans like Eazy
are lucky because here, unrelated

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females ARE willing
to share food with him

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and give him the close
attention he needs.

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Why most of our chimpanzees, they
love to look after the babies?

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Maybe it's because
they never have babies.

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Babies are rare here so perhaps
they are more special.

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Exactly, even that.

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Since most females here will never
have babies of their own,

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they readily care for new orphans
to satisfy their maternal instincts.

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Ngamba's males, however,
cannot be trusted to be so kind.

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They see him as a future
or a potential threat.

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The males will often kill the
infants, and this is particularly

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when they're very young,
when they're newborn.

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I've seen multiple killings,
I've seen the chimps kill babies,

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I've seen the chimps kill other
adults, and, yeah, it's an important

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part of their behavioural
repertoire.

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The first time I saw it,
it was very, very traumatising.

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Adriana was conducting field
research in Uganda's Budongo

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rainforest when she found herself
just metres away from a frenzied

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attack on a mother
and her newborn baby.

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This adult male was trying to kill
the baby, and they had essentially

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scalped it.

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So the baby sits on the mother's
chest,

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and I think that what they had done

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is they'd grabbed the only bit
of it possible, which is the top

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of the head, and they had
essentially removed the vast
majority of skin.

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There was one, possibly two, adult
females, trying to save the baby.

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And they were not successful.

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Female chimps are about 25% smaller
than adult male chimps,

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they are socially subordinate,
and there's very few cases

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of them surviving that.

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Eazy may have huge hurdles
to overcome for him to integrate

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with the forest group.

240
00:17:29,280 --> 00:17:33,200
But at least his troubles are part
and parcel of growing up as a chimp.

241
00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:39,360
For Ngamba's other orphans,
their pain and suffering

242
00:17:39,360 --> 00:17:41,200
has been caused by humans.

243
00:17:43,920 --> 00:17:47,000
In these diaries, the caregivers
keep a detailed history

244
00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:50,600
of all the chimps at Ngamba,
which goes back to the very day

245
00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:51,600
they arrived.

246
00:17:54,080 --> 00:17:55,960
Here is an entry for Bili.

247
00:17:57,720 --> 00:18:00,920
"Physically she's a bit of a mess.

248
00:18:00,920 --> 00:18:05,680
"Her hair is thin and sparse,
almost non-existent."

249
00:18:06,800 --> 00:18:09,880
Bili is a 21-year-old female.

250
00:18:09,880 --> 00:18:13,600
When she was Eazy's age, her mother
was killed for bush meat right

251
00:18:13,600 --> 00:18:15,080
in front of her eyes.

252
00:18:16,520 --> 00:18:18,440
And memories die hard.

253
00:18:22,360 --> 00:18:30,240
She sometimes looks to be sad.
We look at her as someone

254
00:18:30,240 --> 00:18:33,240
who is really thinking
hard about her past.

255
00:18:41,360 --> 00:18:44,920
Just like in humans, traumatic
events can have lasting effects

256
00:18:44,920 --> 00:18:47,120
on a chimpanzee's mental health.

257
00:18:49,320 --> 00:18:53,560
They can suffer from post-traumatic
stress and depression and display

258
00:18:53,560 --> 00:18:57,720
symptoms like hair-plucking
and spending their time alone.

259
00:19:01,760 --> 00:19:06,000
As part of their integration
and psychological wellbeing,

260
00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:09,840
the caregivers use targeted
one-on-one enrichment sessions,

261
00:19:09,840 --> 00:19:13,360
like food puzzles, which act
as a form of therapy.

262
00:19:16,080 --> 00:19:19,680
With chimpanzees being the species
that they are, you know,

263
00:19:19,680 --> 00:19:25,480
they are active, you know,
they think, they're intelligent

264
00:19:25,480 --> 00:19:29,880
beings, like humans,
and they need to be motivated

265
00:19:29,880 --> 00:19:33,320
to keep active both
physically and mentally.

266
00:19:37,200 --> 00:19:39,560
Pasa loves the challenge,

267
00:19:39,560 --> 00:19:42,480
using tools just like
she would in the wild.

268
00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:48,360
But it's not just
another bite to eat.

269
00:19:48,360 --> 00:19:50,040
It's food for the brain.

270
00:19:52,800 --> 00:19:56,240
Others prefer more creative ways of
stimulating their minds.

271
00:19:56,240 --> 00:19:58,080
Good girl!

272
00:19:58,080 --> 00:20:01,080
Medina is Ngamba's
answer to Michelangelo.

273
00:20:03,960 --> 00:20:07,640
Although painting isn't a natural
form of enrichment, like solving

274
00:20:07,640 --> 00:20:13,160
a food puzzle. In humans, art
therapy has been shown to improve

275
00:20:13,160 --> 00:20:16,120
physical, mental and
emotional wellbeing.

276
00:20:17,680 --> 00:20:19,640
Good girl, Medina.

277
00:20:19,640 --> 00:20:22,840
It doesn't work for all chimps.

278
00:20:22,840 --> 00:20:25,960
But since taking to painting,
Medina's mental state

279
00:20:25,960 --> 00:20:28,360
has improved dramatically.

280
00:20:28,360 --> 00:20:29,640
Good girl, Medina.

281
00:20:33,840 --> 00:20:36,080
However... No, no, no, here.

282
00:20:36,080 --> 00:20:38,040
When boredom sets in...

283
00:20:38,040 --> 00:20:41,000
Medina! ..it's time to pack up
the brushes...

284
00:20:41,000 --> 00:20:43,000
Medina... Bad!

285
00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:45,120
..and draw the art class to a close.

286
00:20:54,530 --> 00:20:56,770
SCREECHING

287
00:21:00,690 --> 00:21:03,010
They have very beautiful eyes.

288
00:21:03,010 --> 00:21:05,650
The expression - it
communicates a lot.

289
00:21:09,210 --> 00:21:12,650
Ngamba's caregivers are always
on the lookout for new ways

290
00:21:12,650 --> 00:21:16,650
to stimulate the minds
of their rescued chimpanzees.

291
00:21:16,650 --> 00:21:19,410
They keep looking right in the lens.

292
00:21:20,450 --> 00:21:23,690
They've already tried food
puzzles and painting.

293
00:21:23,690 --> 00:21:27,970
But what would these intelligent
animals do if handed a camera?

294
00:21:29,490 --> 00:21:34,410
That's a question that's long
been on the mind of Audra Allen.

295
00:21:34,410 --> 00:21:37,210
So, I'm really interested
in learning about your forms

296
00:21:37,210 --> 00:21:40,530
of enrichment here so that it'll
support my current work.

297
00:21:40,530 --> 00:21:45,530
And I think, really, we can just
work together and learn from
each other.

298
00:21:45,530 --> 00:21:49,210
For the last 20 years, Audra
has used art therapy to help

299
00:21:49,210 --> 00:21:53,290
rehabilitate captive chimpanzees
in the United States.

300
00:21:53,290 --> 00:21:56,690
It's not just the painting. We know
that chimpanzees can paint.

301
00:21:56,690 --> 00:22:01,930
But using, erm, multimedia, teaching
them to photograph and film

302
00:22:01,930 --> 00:22:05,250
so that we can help and heal them.

303
00:22:05,250 --> 00:22:08,890
Audra has come to Ngamba
to introduce a variety of cameras

304
00:22:08,890 --> 00:22:11,330
and tablets to the chimps

305
00:22:11,330 --> 00:22:13,890
to try and find out
if they could be useful

306
00:22:13,890 --> 00:22:15,290
forms of enrichment.

307
00:22:17,130 --> 00:22:20,210
The chimpanzees are going to love
it because they are going to take

308
00:22:20,210 --> 00:22:26,250
time to think about what's happening
in front of the camera and connect

309
00:22:26,250 --> 00:22:30,730
it with their real life,
what they see off the lens.

310
00:22:30,730 --> 00:22:31,890
So it's a good enrichment.

311
00:22:31,890 --> 00:22:33,370
So I'm very excited.

312
00:22:38,050 --> 00:22:41,090
First up is Bili... Hi!

313
00:22:41,090 --> 00:22:45,290
..the orphan who witnessed her own
mother being killed by poachers.

314
00:22:45,290 --> 00:22:47,010
How are you this morning?

315
00:22:47,010 --> 00:22:51,530
As one of the smartest chimps
at Ngamba, Bili loves a challenge.

316
00:22:52,570 --> 00:22:57,210
She's already learned how to untie
and retie shoelaces.

317
00:22:57,210 --> 00:23:00,410
But before she gets to grips
with an expensive camera...

318
00:23:00,410 --> 00:23:01,570
Bili, look.

319
00:23:02,690 --> 00:23:05,970
..Audra wants to begin
with a more expendable item.

320
00:23:05,970 --> 00:23:09,130
So, this is just another...
This is a kaleidoscope,

321
00:23:09,130 --> 00:23:13,810
and what I'm doing with this is
I just want to start teaching Bili

322
00:23:13,810 --> 00:23:15,810
where to focus her eye.

323
00:23:15,810 --> 00:23:17,970
So if she looks into
the kaleidoscope, she's going

324
00:23:17,970 --> 00:23:19,530
to start seeing.

325
00:23:19,530 --> 00:23:24,330
Bili seems intrigued
by the novelty item. Uh-uh!

326
00:23:24,330 --> 00:23:27,730
Although not quite for the
reason Audra had hoped.

327
00:23:27,730 --> 00:23:30,850
She thinks it's a new
kind of food puzzle

328
00:23:30,850 --> 00:23:33,050
and seems determined to solve it.

329
00:23:33,050 --> 00:23:35,170
She wants those things out.

330
00:23:36,450 --> 00:23:39,210
Getting it back is
easier said than done.

331
00:23:40,770 --> 00:23:42,250
Here. Bili!

332
00:23:44,970 --> 00:23:48,010
Being five times
stronger than a human...

333
00:23:48,010 --> 00:23:49,650
Bili! Bili!

334
00:23:49,650 --> 00:23:53,810
..negotiations with chimpanzees
have to be handled carefully.

335
00:23:55,490 --> 00:23:57,170
Bili... Bili...

336
00:23:57,170 --> 00:24:00,610
But not even the promise of a tasty
peanut does the job.

337
00:24:02,170 --> 00:24:05,130
Who's going to take peanuts
when they can have something

338
00:24:05,130 --> 00:24:07,010
that looks like Skittles?

339
00:24:07,010 --> 00:24:09,570
You can keep your peanuts,
thank you very much!

340
00:24:11,290 --> 00:24:15,250
After Bili realises the treats
inside are not food after all...

341
00:24:16,330 --> 00:24:18,770
So, now that you see that that's...

342
00:24:18,770 --> 00:24:19,970
Good girl!

343
00:24:19,970 --> 00:24:23,130
..reluctantly, she accepts
the trade for peanuts.

344
00:24:25,570 --> 00:24:30,170
Seeing just how destructive a chimp
can be, Audra hopes Bili

345
00:24:30,170 --> 00:24:34,370
will be more careful
with the next enrichment tool -

346
00:24:34,370 --> 00:24:35,930
her personal camera phone.

347
00:24:35,930 --> 00:24:38,490
Here, Bili. Who's that?

348
00:24:49,490 --> 00:24:54,450
Bili seems completely mesmerised by
the image on the screen.

349
00:24:54,450 --> 00:24:55,450
Is that us?

350
00:25:00,050 --> 00:25:04,050
Gently taking it from Audra's hand,
she gives the camera

351
00:25:04,050 --> 00:25:05,450
a closer inspection.

352
00:25:07,170 --> 00:25:09,610
In her studied, thoughtful gaze.

353
00:25:10,770 --> 00:25:13,330
What could she possibly be thinking?

354
00:25:14,650 --> 00:25:18,930
The problem with studying
any animal, but also the fascinating

355
00:25:18,930 --> 00:25:23,490
aspect of it is you can't get
inside their heads.

356
00:25:23,490 --> 00:25:26,930
So we have to figure out ways to
understand them without being able

357
00:25:26,930 --> 00:25:27,930
to interview them.

358
00:25:33,370 --> 00:25:37,930
Jane Goodall was the first person
to successfully study wild chimps

359
00:25:37,930 --> 00:25:43,170
back in the 1960s and she deciphered
a secret code of gestures they use

360
00:25:43,170 --> 00:25:46,770
to communicate, which the caregivers
have also had to learn.

361
00:25:53,490 --> 00:25:56,610
While some seem similar to
human behaviour...

362
00:25:56,610 --> 00:25:57,610
THEY SCREECH

363
00:26:00,970 --> 00:26:03,170
..others are very chimp specific.

364
00:26:10,770 --> 00:26:13,930
They also have around 30 different
calls which they use

365
00:26:13,930 --> 00:26:16,570
when they really want to grab
someone's attention.

366
00:26:24,090 --> 00:26:25,090
I'm crying!

367
00:26:28,850 --> 00:26:30,130
Give me something.

368
00:26:32,970 --> 00:26:33,970
I'm laughing!

369
00:26:35,850 --> 00:26:38,970
While some vocalisations,
like laughing, are genetic

370
00:26:38,970 --> 00:26:42,050
and picked up from birth, others

371
00:26:42,050 --> 00:26:43,370
have to be learned.

372
00:26:44,650 --> 00:26:48,130
And that's where the caregivers'
teaching comes in.

373
00:26:48,130 --> 00:26:51,210
Most of the chimpanzees,
their mothers are killed

374
00:26:51,210 --> 00:26:53,690
when they are still
young, and some of

375
00:26:53,690 --> 00:26:59,370
the communications I have to teach
them before they're integrated

376
00:26:59,370 --> 00:27:01,890
into the bigger community.

377
00:27:01,890 --> 00:27:05,090
Today, Innocent is helping
orphan Eazy brush up

378
00:27:05,090 --> 00:27:07,410
on his own chimpanzee vocabulary.

379
00:27:09,490 --> 00:27:12,770
He is sounding a chimp's warning
call for a potential threat.

380
00:27:17,850 --> 00:27:21,810
But it's nothing to be afraid of -
it's just a tiny worm.

381
00:27:23,570 --> 00:27:26,050
Little Eazy is learning fast.

382
00:27:26,050 --> 00:27:31,050
If it was something dangerous,
I would have increased the threat

383
00:27:31,050 --> 00:27:33,770
warning, so instead of saying...

384
00:27:33,770 --> 00:27:35,930
HE CALLS SOFTLY

385
00:27:35,930 --> 00:27:36,930
I would say...

386
00:27:36,930 --> 00:27:39,330
HE CALLS LOUDLY

387
00:27:41,890 --> 00:27:45,650
Being able to speak chimp
is essential if Eazy is to graduate

388
00:27:45,650 --> 00:27:49,290
to the forest group one day,
where he will have to face dangerous

389
00:27:49,290 --> 00:27:52,530
males and even poisonous snakes.

390
00:27:52,530 --> 00:27:57,330
They must be able to survive
on their own, and that can happen

391
00:27:57,330 --> 00:28:02,810
only if they recognise dangerous
things or animals or even objects.

392
00:28:04,530 --> 00:28:08,410
But like any young boy, too much
work is no fun at all.

393
00:28:10,330 --> 00:28:13,370
Once school is out,
it's back to play.

394
00:28:20,610 --> 00:28:25,210
Back at the dusk enclosure, Audra
and the caregivers are continuing

395
00:28:25,210 --> 00:28:29,730
the new enrichment programme to try
and find out whether video cameras

396
00:28:29,730 --> 00:28:32,970
can be a good enrichment
tool for chimpanzees.

397
00:28:38,210 --> 00:28:39,410
Try to crawl with me.

398
00:28:41,970 --> 00:28:44,930
Over a number of days,
they introduce the technology

399
00:28:44,930 --> 00:28:46,610
to a few of the females.

400
00:28:48,810 --> 00:28:50,130
Yes!

401
00:28:50,130 --> 00:28:51,530
That's a good girl!

402
00:28:52,810 --> 00:28:53,810
Bili, look!

403
00:28:55,330 --> 00:28:59,650
Just as she was gripped by Audra's
camera phone, Bili is captivated

404
00:28:59,650 --> 00:29:01,130
by the larger tablet.

405
00:29:04,050 --> 00:29:05,770
Look here, good girl.

406
00:29:05,770 --> 00:29:07,050
You see?

407
00:29:07,050 --> 00:29:09,370
Pasa has her eye
on the stills camera.

408
00:29:13,890 --> 00:29:14,970
See that?

409
00:29:14,970 --> 00:29:18,530
While Nani seems more of
a camcorder kind of girl.

410
00:29:18,530 --> 00:29:20,250
Good girl!

411
00:29:22,810 --> 00:29:26,370
Medina, the painting chimp,
is particularly intrigued

412
00:29:26,370 --> 00:29:27,690
by the new art form.

413
00:29:31,770 --> 00:29:34,250
Who is that? Who is that?

414
00:29:39,690 --> 00:29:40,890
Who's that pretty girl?

415
00:29:44,010 --> 00:29:47,650
She even puts her hand
behind the screen as she tries

416
00:29:47,650 --> 00:29:49,130
to figure out what's there.

417
00:29:52,490 --> 00:29:55,410
You see the self-recognition?

418
00:29:57,250 --> 00:29:59,690
Or does she just recognise
that there's a chimpanzees

419
00:29:59,690 --> 00:30:01,290
in that screen?

420
00:30:02,570 --> 00:30:06,130
We know from studies going back
50 years now that chimpanzees

421
00:30:06,130 --> 00:30:09,850
have the ability to self-recognise,
that when they see their own image

422
00:30:09,850 --> 00:30:13,850
in a mirror, they can figure out
that they're looking at themselves

423
00:30:13,850 --> 00:30:16,050
and not an image of another chimp.

424
00:30:16,050 --> 00:30:19,610
So, if you dab a little bit of paint
on their eyebrow, they'll figure out

425
00:30:19,610 --> 00:30:22,730
that that's them and they'll reach
for that to take that off,

426
00:30:22,730 --> 00:30:26,410
they won't reach out to try to take
it off in the mirror.

427
00:30:26,410 --> 00:30:29,810
Scientists consider
self-recognition to be a hallmark

428
00:30:29,810 --> 00:30:32,050
of higher intelligence

429
00:30:32,050 --> 00:30:35,810
and part of the development
of empathy in animals like chimps

430
00:30:35,810 --> 00:30:37,530
and humans.

431
00:30:37,530 --> 00:30:41,130
That effort to reach behind a mirror
to find out what's back

432
00:30:41,130 --> 00:30:43,330
there is just what a child would do.

433
00:30:43,330 --> 00:30:46,210
And for chimps, it's not
a big learning curve.

434
00:30:46,210 --> 00:30:47,930
I mean, these are smart animals.

435
00:30:51,250 --> 00:30:55,610
As Medina and the other females
have never seen a mirror before,

436
00:30:55,610 --> 00:31:01,170
it's unlikely they can recognise
themselves on these first viewings.

437
00:31:01,170 --> 00:31:04,730
But one thing is certain -
the cameras are definitely

438
00:31:04,730 --> 00:31:08,170
stimulating their minds
and are a powerful reminder

439
00:31:08,170 --> 00:31:10,490
of just how special
and how similar

440
00:31:10,490 --> 00:31:12,610
to humans they really are.

441
00:31:20,690 --> 00:31:24,050
It's another beautiful
morning at Ngamba Island.

442
00:31:25,610 --> 00:31:29,610
And before baby Eazy and the other
chimps are let out for breakfast...

443
00:31:32,490 --> 00:31:33,570
HE CALLS OUT

444
00:31:33,570 --> 00:31:37,170
..Byron is taking a few females out
for a walk in the forest.

445
00:31:39,850 --> 00:31:42,490
It gives him an opportunity
to observe how well

446
00:31:42,490 --> 00:31:43,650
they are integrating.

447
00:31:45,410 --> 00:31:49,010
So they get to see, to learn
and to jump on trees, to exercise

448
00:31:49,010 --> 00:31:50,690
themselves in the morning hours.

449
00:31:55,530 --> 00:32:00,410
He wants to see how Angel, Ngamba's
other baby chimp, is taking to life

450
00:32:00,410 --> 00:32:02,410
in the trees.

451
00:32:02,410 --> 00:32:06,650
Like baby Eazy, Angel
was also born at Ngamba.

452
00:32:06,650 --> 00:32:10,210
But unlike him, she was allowed
to mix with the forest

453
00:32:10,210 --> 00:32:11,890
group after only a year.

454
00:32:14,970 --> 00:32:19,330
She's a female chimpanzee,
which is an advantage.

455
00:32:19,330 --> 00:32:23,650
And secondly, she was born
from here, and the biological mother

456
00:32:23,650 --> 00:32:28,490
is here, who is giving
good care to the baby.

457
00:32:28,490 --> 00:32:32,570
So she's having all the protection
from the biological mother.

458
00:32:32,570 --> 00:32:35,970
And she's liked by everyone
in the group, all these are friends.

459
00:32:39,890 --> 00:32:44,690
For a male orphan like Eazy,
things aren't quite so simple

460
00:32:44,690 --> 00:32:48,610
because, even though he is nearly
a year older than Angel,

461
00:32:48,610 --> 00:32:52,210
he is still waiting for his chance
to join the forest group.

462
00:32:52,210 --> 00:32:55,090
Male chimpanzees are
difficult to integrate

463
00:32:55,090 --> 00:32:56,770
than female chimpanzees.

464
00:32:58,010 --> 00:33:01,850
That is now the disadvantage
to Eazy cos he's a male chimp

465
00:33:01,850 --> 00:33:05,730
and that is sort of a threat,
it's sort of a threat

466
00:33:05,730 --> 00:33:06,930
to other males.

467
00:33:06,930 --> 00:33:11,850
So that's why Eazy's integration
is a bit slower compared to Angel's.

468
00:33:13,850 --> 00:33:17,490
But the final phase of Eazy's
integration is drawing closer.

469
00:33:19,730 --> 00:33:22,970
Having spent a year building
a strong protective bond

470
00:33:22,970 --> 00:33:26,970
with his group of females,
and especially Connie, his adoptive

471
00:33:26,970 --> 00:33:31,370
mum, the caregivers think Eazy
will soon be ready to meet Ngamba's

472
00:33:31,370 --> 00:33:33,290
alpha male, Umutama.

473
00:33:35,010 --> 00:33:39,330
And if all goes well, he'll finally
be able to live out in the forest

474
00:33:39,330 --> 00:33:41,810
with the rest of the
chimpanzee community.

475
00:33:45,850 --> 00:33:50,730
As big as Ngamba's 100-acre forest
is, it doesn't grow enough food

476
00:33:50,730 --> 00:33:54,050
to feed all of the 49 chimps here.

477
00:33:54,050 --> 00:33:57,890
Once a week, a delivery
from the mainland arrives to restock

478
00:33:57,890 --> 00:33:59,450
the island's supplies.

479
00:34:00,650 --> 00:34:05,050
It takes an incredible 1,500 lb
of fruit and vegetables

480
00:34:05,050 --> 00:34:06,890
to satisfy their appetite.

481
00:34:09,050 --> 00:34:10,050
Tomatoes!

482
00:34:13,530 --> 00:34:19,850
Amongst this week's delivery is one
of their favourite foods, jackfruit.

483
00:34:19,850 --> 00:34:24,010
The jackfruit is the sweetest
fruit for chimpanzees.

484
00:34:25,850 --> 00:34:31,330
So I have to make sure that I cut
smaller pieces so that each

485
00:34:31,330 --> 00:34:34,530
and every individual
at least gets a piece.

486
00:34:34,530 --> 00:34:38,730
For baby Eazy, jackfruits
are like candy.

487
00:34:38,730 --> 00:34:40,850
And he is their number one fan.

488
00:34:42,730 --> 00:34:47,010
One fruit he's never tried
before are green peppers.

489
00:34:47,010 --> 00:34:50,730
The chimps rarely get them,
but mixing up their diet serves

490
00:34:50,730 --> 00:34:53,290
as another form of enrichment.

491
00:34:53,290 --> 00:34:57,650
And for Eazy, it's important
he learns to love his vegetables.

492
00:34:57,650 --> 00:34:58,650
Eazy!

493
00:34:59,810 --> 00:35:00,810
Have that.

494
00:35:03,250 --> 00:35:08,290
Yeah, he's fearing it
cos it's the first time to see

495
00:35:08,290 --> 00:35:09,290
a green pepper.

496
00:35:11,170 --> 00:35:16,250
Eazy carefully observes the females
tucking into this strange new food.

497
00:35:16,250 --> 00:35:19,970
And after a quick sniff,
he gets his chance to see

498
00:35:19,970 --> 00:35:21,970
what all the fuss is about.

499
00:35:21,970 --> 00:35:23,970
You see? He wants to try.

500
00:35:23,970 --> 00:35:26,290
He's finding it like strange.

501
00:35:26,290 --> 00:35:27,650
Is it sweet?

502
00:35:27,650 --> 00:35:28,970
Is it nice?

503
00:35:28,970 --> 00:35:29,970
How sweet is it?

504
00:35:32,650 --> 00:35:37,250
After a cautionary test bite, Eazy
decides that green peppers aren't

505
00:35:37,250 --> 00:35:39,130
palatable enough
for his sweet tooth.

506
00:35:41,010 --> 00:35:43,850
Better stick to what you know.

507
00:35:43,850 --> 00:35:46,410
And nothing beats a tasty jackfruit.

508
00:35:52,850 --> 00:35:56,930
For the orphans at Ngamba,
discovering new foods and learning

509
00:35:56,930 --> 00:36:01,130
to use tools to find them
are important life lessons,

510
00:36:01,130 --> 00:36:03,250
just as they are in the wild.

511
00:36:05,930 --> 00:36:08,770
So Jane Goodall discovered tool use
in chimpanzees in the early

512
00:36:08,770 --> 00:36:14,090
1960s and, at the time, it was not
known that any wild animal

513
00:36:14,090 --> 00:36:18,330
could take a natural object
and fashion it into a tool and use

514
00:36:18,330 --> 00:36:20,170
it in a novel way.

515
00:36:20,170 --> 00:36:23,810
But chimpanzees will make and use
tools in a way that they clearly

516
00:36:23,810 --> 00:36:25,930
learned by watching
others around them.

517
00:36:28,770 --> 00:36:31,890
In the wild, chimps have to figure
out how to make tools

518
00:36:31,890 --> 00:36:33,330
through trial and error.

519
00:36:35,370 --> 00:36:38,610
Because, unlike in humans,
there's no direct teaching

520
00:36:38,610 --> 00:36:40,450
from master to apprentice.

521
00:36:42,010 --> 00:36:45,010
You don't have Mum picking
up your hand and guiding

522
00:36:45,010 --> 00:36:46,770
it and showing you how to do it,

523
00:36:46,770 --> 00:36:48,970
and I think that is one
of the crucial differences

524
00:36:48,970 --> 00:36:52,730
in learning between great apes
and the unique great ape

525
00:36:52,730 --> 00:36:53,730
that is the human.

526
00:36:56,570 --> 00:37:01,330
The unusual thing about life
at Ngamba Island is that the special

527
00:37:01,330 --> 00:37:04,130
bond between the chimps
and their caregivers...

528
00:37:04,130 --> 00:37:05,690
Good girl!

529
00:37:05,690 --> 00:37:08,650
..means they can be taught
to use enrichment tools

530
00:37:08,650 --> 00:37:11,370
that they would have been unable
to pick up by themselves.

531
00:37:14,890 --> 00:37:18,490
And when it comes to those cameras,
of all the chimps, Bili

532
00:37:18,490 --> 00:37:20,530
is the most intrigued,

533
00:37:20,530 --> 00:37:24,850
at times completely absorbed
by the image on the screen.

534
00:37:24,850 --> 00:37:28,810
She's very attentive to learning.

535
00:37:28,810 --> 00:37:33,570
She knows that this is something
unique and, given an opportunity,

536
00:37:33,570 --> 00:37:35,850
she wants to find out how it works.

537
00:37:35,850 --> 00:37:39,650
And that's why she is more
interested than the others.

538
00:37:44,290 --> 00:37:48,090
The other females, like Medina,
the painting chimp, seem

539
00:37:48,090 --> 00:37:52,090
to have lost interest,
unless there are peanuts involved.

540
00:37:54,290 --> 00:37:58,170
While previously she was putting
her hand behind the tablet to test

541
00:37:58,170 --> 00:38:02,330
the image on the screen, she's now
using it as a plate.

542
00:38:04,170 --> 00:38:06,610
Perhaps she's better
off sticking to painting.

543
00:38:08,490 --> 00:38:10,450
And leaving the camera work to Bili.

544
00:38:13,770 --> 00:38:14,970
She's filming her legs.

545
00:38:18,690 --> 00:38:21,890
Bili's very patient,
and she's very gentle

546
00:38:21,890 --> 00:38:22,970
when using it.

547
00:38:22,970 --> 00:38:25,890
She doesn't intend to break it.

548
00:38:25,890 --> 00:38:27,930
She takes it easy.

549
00:38:27,930 --> 00:38:32,570
And that makes her very
unique in the community.

550
00:38:32,570 --> 00:38:34,690
Good girl, Bili! Good girl!

551
00:38:37,250 --> 00:38:41,490
Amazingly, Bili even peers
under the camera, seemingly

552
00:38:41,490 --> 00:38:45,010
to compare the image on the screen
with the real one behind.

553
00:38:47,810 --> 00:38:50,410
We can't know exactly
what she makes of the camera

554
00:38:50,410 --> 00:38:52,690
and what she is thinking.

555
00:38:52,690 --> 00:38:57,250
But in Bili, we can clearly see
a curious and intelligent

556
00:38:57,250 --> 00:38:58,250
mind at work.

557
00:39:06,690 --> 00:39:11,850
Amongst the deafening chatter
of the nesting weaver birds,

558
00:39:11,850 --> 00:39:15,170
the caregivers are discussing
the final phase of the integration

559
00:39:15,170 --> 00:39:16,490
of their youngest orphan.

560
00:39:18,690 --> 00:39:22,890
Two-year-old Eazy, who is facing
the most daunting day

561
00:39:22,890 --> 00:39:24,650
of his young life.

562
00:39:24,650 --> 00:39:27,570
I believe it is time today.

563
00:39:29,090 --> 00:39:32,330
For the last few nights, Eazy
and his group of females

564
00:39:32,330 --> 00:39:37,490
have been sleeping in a room next
door to the alpha male, Umutama.

565
00:39:37,490 --> 00:39:41,970
According to what I have observed,
he still has that fear.

566
00:39:41,970 --> 00:39:45,970
Keeps himself in the hammock next
to his adopted mother.

567
00:39:47,890 --> 00:39:51,250
This morning, the sliding door
between the two rooms

568
00:39:51,250 --> 00:39:54,890
is to be opened - a chance
for the two individuals

569
00:39:54,890 --> 00:39:57,250
at the opposite ends
of the chimp hierarchy

570
00:39:57,250 --> 00:39:59,890
to finally meet face-to-face.

571
00:40:01,890 --> 00:40:06,690
He's not a ruthless alpha,
he's quite a gentle alpha.

572
00:40:06,690 --> 00:40:11,890
But we have to leave the sliding
doors open in case of any problem.

573
00:40:11,890 --> 00:40:15,450
We have to observe
and see how this works.

574
00:40:25,370 --> 00:40:28,530
With the stakes so high,
the mood is tense.

575
00:40:31,490 --> 00:40:35,650
Eazy seems to sense something's
up and makes an early move.

576
00:40:39,690 --> 00:40:42,490
As you can see already, Eazy
has known that we are calling

577
00:40:42,490 --> 00:40:45,730
the alpha male to come
and mix with him.

578
00:40:45,730 --> 00:40:50,650
So he has climbed in a hammock next
to his adopted mother.

579
00:40:50,650 --> 00:40:55,650
So, in case of a bad reaction,
the adopted mother comes in quickly

580
00:40:55,650 --> 00:40:57,690
to rescue him.

581
00:40:57,690 --> 00:40:59,610
He's a very strategic guy.

582
00:40:59,610 --> 00:41:00,810
Come on, come on!

583
00:41:02,330 --> 00:41:05,290
The caregivers try
to entice Umutama over.

584
00:41:07,850 --> 00:41:13,170
But as the door between the two
rooms is drawn open, he seems

585
00:41:13,170 --> 00:41:15,690
in no rush to go through.

586
00:41:15,690 --> 00:41:20,090
With integration, you just
have to give it time.

587
00:41:20,090 --> 00:41:24,090
As time goes on, they will
still come and mingle.

588
00:41:24,090 --> 00:41:27,290
And Umutama is the boss, he decides
what he wants to do.

589
00:41:30,330 --> 00:41:34,010
While everyone's attention
is distracted by the bananas,

590
00:41:34,010 --> 00:41:39,170
Umutama has quietly slipped
into the back of Eazy's room, right

591
00:41:39,170 --> 00:41:40,570
beneath his hammock.

592
00:41:45,290 --> 00:41:49,650
Fortunately, he seems relaxed
with the young chimp's presence

593
00:41:49,650 --> 00:41:51,810
and is more interested
in getting his hands

594
00:41:51,810 --> 00:41:52,890
on those bananas.

595
00:41:58,570 --> 00:42:03,010
If the alpha male is not targeting
the baby, he's living with them
freely.

596
00:42:03,010 --> 00:42:06,570
To us, for now, it's a success.

597
00:42:08,650 --> 00:42:13,210
After being rejected by his birth
mother, and then raised by his human

598
00:42:13,210 --> 00:42:17,530
caregivers, baby Eazy's
integration is nearly complete.

599
00:42:19,970 --> 00:42:22,610
Soon, he will be living out
in the forest with the rest

600
00:42:22,610 --> 00:42:23,810
of the community.

601
00:42:25,010 --> 00:42:29,250
And become yet another orphan
success story at the extraordinary

602
00:42:29,250 --> 00:42:36,010
place that is Ngamba Island,
where a dedicated team of caregivers

603
00:42:36,010 --> 00:42:40,330
gives rescued chimpanzees
a second chance in life,

604
00:42:40,330 --> 00:42:42,450
from teaching them how
to be chimps...

605
00:42:44,650 --> 00:42:48,210
..to helping them recover
from mental trauma,

606
00:42:48,210 --> 00:42:50,330
however unusual their methods.

607
00:42:52,850 --> 00:42:58,050
Today, the demand for baby chimps
as exotic pets, as well as the bush

608
00:42:58,050 --> 00:43:02,010
meat trade, puts the very existence
of our closest animal

609
00:43:02,010 --> 00:43:03,970
cousins under threat.

610
00:43:03,970 --> 00:43:07,290
But with the tireless efforts
of the caregivers, it's sanctuaries

611
00:43:07,290 --> 00:43:12,610
like Ngamba and the people fighting
to save chimpanzees in the wild

612
00:43:12,610 --> 00:43:15,290
that need not be their future.

613
00:43:15,290 --> 00:43:18,650
There's hope, there's hope.

614
00:43:18,650 --> 00:43:23,530
There are a few individuals
in this world who are committed,

615
00:43:23,530 --> 00:43:27,970
who have dedicated their lives,
gives me all the hope.

616
00:43:29,610 --> 00:43:33,610
The ultimate goal for all orphaned
chimps is to live and socialise

617
00:43:33,610 --> 00:43:35,010
with their own kind.

618
00:43:37,010 --> 00:43:42,970
For baby Eazy, his integration
into the forest group draws closer,

619
00:43:42,970 --> 00:43:47,170
and, one day, perhaps
he could rise the ranks to become

620
00:43:47,170 --> 00:43:48,690
Ngamba's alpha male.

621
00:43:50,330 --> 00:43:54,250
Although, as a baby chimp, there's
still a lot for him to learn.

622
00:43:57,250 --> 00:43:59,010
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