1
00:00:01,740 --> 00:00:06,000
Say hello to bold and brazen 1972.

2
00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:08,680
Nudity? Great, bring it on.

3
00:00:08,680 --> 00:00:10,680
Disgusting -
that's what I think it is.

4
00:00:10,680 --> 00:00:13,040
Pop got really scandalous...

5
00:00:14,160 --> 00:00:16,520
We thought it might be naughty,
but we weren't quite sure.

6
00:00:16,520 --> 00:00:17,560
HE LAUGHS

7
00:00:17,560 --> 00:00:19,040
..forks got really bent...

8
00:00:19,040 --> 00:00:21,280
Oh! Oh, wow.
That's fantastic.

9
00:00:21,280 --> 00:00:24,800
..while a glossy new magazine
got under our covers.

10
00:00:24,800 --> 00:00:28,900
Every month,
there was an article about orgasm.

11
00:00:28,900 --> 00:00:33,200
One giant leap into space
became one great yawn on Earth...

12
00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:35,480
It's terrifying
how quickly it became boring.

13
00:00:35,480 --> 00:00:37,760
There is a state of apathy
in the United States now.

14
00:00:37,760 --> 00:00:39,720
I guess people don't care
one way or another.

15
00:00:39,720 --> 00:00:42,440
..sacred became scandalous
on stage...

16
00:00:43,560 --> 00:00:47,040
The only sound I could hear was
the sound of the audience sobbing.

17
00:00:47,040 --> 00:00:50,040
..and a royal reunion
proved divisive.

18
00:00:50,040 --> 00:00:52,760
I thought it was
a sad and wonderful moment

19
00:00:52,760 --> 00:00:56,440
for a sad man and a gracious queen.

20
00:00:57,560 --> 00:00:58,640
So, hang on tight.

21
00:00:58,640 --> 00:01:00,320
It's going to be a bumpy ride

22
00:01:00,320 --> 00:01:03,920
back to 12 shocking months
that had us all gasping.

23
00:01:03,920 --> 00:01:06,320
I mean, it probably IS
the greatest story ever told.

24
00:01:06,320 --> 00:01:08,000
This is Mary Whitehouse.

25
00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:10,600
I think she used to get outraged
if her milk delivery was late.

26
00:01:12,480 --> 00:01:15,080
COMMENTATOR: Quite a few
wolf-whistles from the spectators.

27
00:01:15,080 --> 00:01:16,640
Astonishing!

28
00:01:16,640 --> 00:01:20,600
If you want outrage, shock
and scandal, it's all here...

29
00:01:20,600 --> 00:01:24,160
During the evening, I shall take
my clothes off and bathe with them.

30
00:01:24,160 --> 00:01:27,880
..because these are
the jaw-dropping events in showbiz,

31
00:01:27,880 --> 00:01:31,880
news and politics
that were truly, deeply...

32
00:01:31,880 --> 00:01:34,440
I mean, you could choose
less controversial topics.

33
00:01:34,440 --> 00:01:37,440
..controversially 1972.

34
00:01:41,320 --> 00:01:47,560
1972, the Bri-Nylon year that
Ziggy Stardust first fell to earth.

35
00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:49,760
BOWIE: I just like startling people.

36
00:01:49,760 --> 00:01:51,440
JOURNALIST: Startling?
Yeah.

37
00:01:51,440 --> 00:01:53,200
Something to do.
HE CHUCKLES

38
00:01:55,920 --> 00:01:58,880
Some called it
the future of motorway travel.

39
00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:00,520
Most just called it spaghetti.

40
00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:03,920
And in a precursor to The X-Files,

41
00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:07,520
secret organisations
started to watch a controversial man

42
00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:09,520
with contentious powers.

43
00:02:11,760 --> 00:02:14,360
He divides opinions to this day...

44
00:02:15,880 --> 00:02:19,000
..but in 1972,
this self-proclaimed psychic

45
00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:21,680
was at the heart
of Cold War politics.

46
00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:29,280
Uri Geller! Oh, my Lord.
The old spoon-bender.

47
00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:32,400
My memory of Uri Geller
is just bending spoons, really.

48
00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:35,440
MAN: Yes, it's happening.
It's happening!

49
00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:37,000
You'll go, "How do you do that?"

50
00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:40,240
You will break it.
CROWD EXCLAIM

51
00:02:40,240 --> 00:02:41,480
Well, with his mind.

52
00:02:41,480 --> 00:02:43,480
Is that solid silver, Lord Bath?

53
00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:46,320
Yeah, made by Gerrards in London.
LAUGHTER

54
00:02:46,320 --> 00:02:49,600
Poor Lord Bath
never ate soup again.

55
00:02:49,600 --> 00:02:51,560
In today's cynical world,

56
00:02:51,560 --> 00:02:54,960
Geller is considered
an extraordinary entertainer...

57
00:02:54,960 --> 00:02:59,160
URI: Begin to stroke it gently
and wish it to bend.

58
00:02:59,160 --> 00:03:00,720
It is beginning to bend.

59
00:03:00,720 --> 00:03:02,720
..although easily mocked.

60
00:03:02,720 --> 00:03:05,600
This is strictly the power
of my mind, ladies and gentlemen.

61
00:03:05,600 --> 00:03:07,520
Look, I don't do anything
except use my mind...

62
00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:08,720
LAUGHTER

63
00:03:10,280 --> 00:03:13,960
But back in 1972,
Uri Geller and his abilities

64
00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:16,360
were being taken
very seriously indeed.

65
00:03:17,960 --> 00:03:20,200
It's the height of the Cold War.

66
00:03:20,200 --> 00:03:22,680
It's a time when we're getting,
you know, very nervous,

67
00:03:22,680 --> 00:03:25,120
or the West is getting very nervous
about the Soviet.

68
00:03:26,920 --> 00:03:30,360
This was when science
and the paranormal collided.

69
00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:33,800
What once seemed ludicrous
had become deadly serious.

70
00:03:36,160 --> 00:03:37,560
There was this view

71
00:03:37,560 --> 00:03:40,880
that there were psychic powers
which could be developed

72
00:03:40,880 --> 00:03:42,480
and that it really mattered

73
00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:45,520
whether it was Russia or America
who got their first

74
00:03:45,520 --> 00:03:47,360
and harnessed this sort of power.

75
00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:51,000
There were these reports at the time

76
00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:55,400
that the Russians had got people
who had psychic abilities...

77
00:03:55,400 --> 00:03:58,560
Who seemed to have people
who could be sit in Siberia

78
00:03:58,560 --> 00:04:00,720
and see American
military installations

79
00:04:00,720 --> 00:04:02,760
and draw perfect plans of them.

80
00:04:02,760 --> 00:04:05,800
The Americans wanted people
who could do the same in reverse.

81
00:04:07,480 --> 00:04:10,760
Into this febrile atmosphere
of psychic paranoia...

82
00:04:12,600 --> 00:04:16,000
..enter 25-year-old
Israeli-born Uri Geller,

83
00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:21,560
who travelled to America to seek his
fortune with his unusual talents.

84
00:04:21,560 --> 00:04:25,560
The CIA brought him in
for a week of secret testing.

85
00:04:25,560 --> 00:04:28,080
CIA AGENT: 'This is Uri Geller.'

86
00:04:28,080 --> 00:04:32,360
He had to go through
a series of image and word tests.

87
00:04:32,360 --> 00:04:35,720
'Here, we show a series
of experiments where previously,

88
00:04:35,720 --> 00:04:40,040
'15 drawings were placed in
double-sealed envelopes in a safe.'

89
00:04:40,040 --> 00:04:42,440
They put a very complex drawing
in a sealed envelope,

90
00:04:42,440 --> 00:04:44,640
and they say, "Right, Uri,"
you know,

91
00:04:44,640 --> 00:04:47,120
"What can you see
in the red envelope?"

92
00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:49,320
And he would describe it.

93
00:04:49,320 --> 00:04:51,200
'This is Geller's representation

94
00:04:51,200 --> 00:04:53,960
'of what he believed was sealed
in the envelope.

95
00:04:53,960 --> 00:04:56,160
'At no time during these experiments

96
00:04:56,160 --> 00:04:59,480
'did he have any advance knowledge
of the target material.'

97
00:04:59,480 --> 00:05:02,960
He will do a drawing that he
hasn't seen. He will reproduce it.

98
00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:06,760
These tests weren't conducted
by gullible amateurs,

99
00:05:06,760 --> 00:05:08,680
but by scientists
at the world-renowned

100
00:05:08,680 --> 00:05:12,600
Stanford Research Institute
under highly secure conditions.

101
00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:17,640
Their more informal experiments
with Uri were recorded on camera.

102
00:05:17,640 --> 00:05:21,400
A lot of the scientists in the CIA
took him quite seriously.

103
00:05:21,400 --> 00:05:24,960
'Here, in the laboratory notebook,
on the left-side of the page,

104
00:05:24,960 --> 00:05:26,680
'you see the original targets.

105
00:05:26,680 --> 00:05:29,240
'And on the right,
Geller's responses.

106
00:05:29,240 --> 00:05:33,760
'As you can see, he is quite elated
about getting the right answer.'

107
00:05:33,760 --> 00:05:36,840
Globally-respected scientists
are one thing,

108
00:05:36,840 --> 00:05:39,840
but could Geller
truly convince the British public?

109
00:05:39,840 --> 00:05:42,080
HE CHUCKLES

110
00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:44,400
He was invited
onto the Dimbleby show,

111
00:05:44,400 --> 00:05:46,240
which was the big thing at the time.

112
00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:48,240
Ladies and gentlemen, Uri Geller.

113
00:05:48,240 --> 00:05:49,720
APPLAUSE

114
00:05:49,720 --> 00:05:51,920
David Dimbleby
was not well-disposed

115
00:05:51,920 --> 00:05:54,440
towards having
a so-called psychic on the show.

116
00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:55,600
But before the show,

117
00:05:55,600 --> 00:05:58,880
Uri bent his house key,
which was in his pocket.

118
00:05:58,880 --> 00:06:02,200
Uri, could you begin
by just listing for us

119
00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:05,880
the kinds of power that you have,
the kinds of things that you can do?

120
00:06:05,880 --> 00:06:09,240
And he thought,
"Oh, this is curious."

121
00:06:09,240 --> 00:06:12,200
I really don't know
if it will happen if I try.

122
00:06:12,200 --> 00:06:15,240
But it's... If our will will help,
I think something will happen.

123
00:06:15,240 --> 00:06:17,880
So, Uri let rip.

124
00:06:17,880 --> 00:06:19,200
Open your hands.

125
00:06:19,200 --> 00:06:21,240
Time itself was bent.

126
00:06:21,240 --> 00:06:23,480
My God.
Oh, look what happened.

127
00:06:25,240 --> 00:06:27,400
The minute hand is bent
at right angles to the...

128
00:06:27,400 --> 00:06:29,160
LAUGHTER

129
00:06:29,160 --> 00:06:32,960
Can you see that top hand there?

130
00:06:32,960 --> 00:06:34,160
It's bent right across.

131
00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:35,920
Minds were read...

132
00:06:35,920 --> 00:06:38,040
This is what I get.

133
00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:41,360
Got it.

134
00:06:42,880 --> 00:06:44,200
Extraordinary.

135
00:06:44,200 --> 00:06:46,560
APPLAUSE

136
00:06:46,560 --> 00:06:49,280
..and science was left reeling.

137
00:06:49,280 --> 00:06:51,480
What do you think
of what you have seen?

138
00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:54,440
Well, what I've seen here
surprises me extremely.

139
00:06:54,440 --> 00:06:57,800
To understand that, that really
is a spot-on achievement.

140
00:06:57,800 --> 00:07:02,440
Britain was swept away
with Uri mania.

141
00:07:02,440 --> 00:07:04,640
People were terribly intrigued
by this.

142
00:07:04,640 --> 00:07:06,600
Look, it's very...
LAUGHTER

143
00:07:06,600 --> 00:07:07,920
APPLAUSE

144
00:07:07,920 --> 00:07:11,440
I think Geller really captured
the public imagination.

145
00:07:11,440 --> 00:07:16,400
But not everyone was so impressed.
Some scientists were outraged.

146
00:07:17,560 --> 00:07:20,000
We can all say, for God's sake,
that's rubbish,

147
00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:22,560
that's claptrap
you're talking about there.

148
00:07:22,560 --> 00:07:24,560
I've known it for...
And many metallurgists,

149
00:07:24,560 --> 00:07:27,120
it's a phenomenon which is known
as high-strain fatigue.

150
00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:31,360
I would be a little more convinced
if Geller could deform

151
00:07:31,360 --> 00:07:35,640
a piece of metal that could not
be deformed manually.

152
00:07:35,640 --> 00:07:38,800
Magicians weighed in, too.

153
00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:41,000
As for Geller, his claims
that he has been tested

154
00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:44,080
under scientifically controlled
conditions are so much codswallop.

155
00:07:44,080 --> 00:07:49,120
But could Uri convince the cynical,
world-weary Blue Peter presenters?

156
00:07:49,120 --> 00:07:50,440
BLUE PETER THEME PLAYS

157
00:07:50,440 --> 00:07:53,800
Earlier this morning,
Lesley made a drawing.

158
00:07:53,800 --> 00:07:56,120
Now, she's sitting over
on the far side of the studio,

159
00:07:56,120 --> 00:07:57,720
well remote from us.

160
00:07:57,720 --> 00:08:01,760
What I do want you to do is start
projecting me whatever you drew.

161
00:08:01,760 --> 00:08:04,280
Just start drawing it into my mind.

162
00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:08,760
I've got something here and, er...
Uri...

163
00:08:08,760 --> 00:08:12,560
Now let's see what Lesley has
actually drawn. We have no idea.

164
00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:17,040
JOHN NOAKES: Fantastic!
Lesley...

165
00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:20,680
Oh!
I'm truly amazed.

166
00:08:20,680 --> 00:08:22,840
And, you know,
I didn't receive a nose.

167
00:08:22,840 --> 00:08:25,680
Smiley faces became stunned faces,

168
00:08:25,680 --> 00:08:29,040
became amazed faces
as Uri got bending.

169
00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:31,320
All I'm doing
is I'm saying to myself,

170
00:08:31,320 --> 00:08:33,320
"Fork, bend, bend."

171
00:08:33,320 --> 00:08:35,080
And it will.
Ah!

172
00:08:35,080 --> 00:08:37,640
There it is. It's on the deck.

173
00:08:37,640 --> 00:08:40,440
I don't know what to say.
There is nothing to say.

174
00:08:40,440 --> 00:08:45,400
He made even the most rational
question their worldview.

175
00:08:45,400 --> 00:08:47,600
Geller once bent a spoon for me.

176
00:08:47,600 --> 00:08:50,440
Don't how he did it. To this day,
I don't know how he did it.

177
00:08:50,440 --> 00:08:52,880
About half an hour after Uri
had left the studio,

178
00:08:52,880 --> 00:08:56,120
we happened to glance at the fork.

179
00:08:56,120 --> 00:08:59,720
I'm completely cynical about Uri
Geller. I think he was a con artist.

180
00:08:59,720 --> 00:09:04,120
And we saw that it had continued
to bend and nobody had touched it.

181
00:09:04,120 --> 00:09:06,360
But there still a part of me
that thinks,

182
00:09:06,360 --> 00:09:09,520
but if it was right and if there
is something extra to the world,

183
00:09:09,520 --> 00:09:11,800
and if there is another level
that we can all get to,

184
00:09:11,800 --> 00:09:13,680
that's still really interesting

185
00:09:13,680 --> 00:09:17,000
and that's still something we are
all intrigued and want to obtain.

186
00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:19,280
I was gonna ask him to dinner,
but I decided against it.

187
00:09:19,280 --> 00:09:20,560
Very expensive.

188
00:09:20,560 --> 00:09:24,800
So, for a while in the early '70s,
most of the public

189
00:09:24,800 --> 00:09:26,680
and some
of the scientific community,

190
00:09:26,680 --> 00:09:30,000
were baffled believers in
mind-reading and metal manipulation.

191
00:09:31,720 --> 00:09:36,240
But despite passing high-level
CIA tests, as far as we know,

192
00:09:36,240 --> 00:09:40,160
Uri never became
a psychic secret serviceman.

193
00:09:40,160 --> 00:09:45,280
They did not ultimately use psychics
as a main method of warfare.

194
00:09:45,280 --> 00:09:47,160
Obviously, they didn't find much,

195
00:09:47,160 --> 00:09:50,840
because we don't have a department
of seeing into the future, do we?

196
00:09:50,840 --> 00:09:54,200
While Uri's contribution
to the Cold War was negligible,

197
00:09:54,200 --> 00:09:57,840
his gift to bending spoons
is immeasurable.

198
00:09:57,840 --> 00:10:00,800
By his own account, he discovered
this trick when he was three

199
00:10:00,800 --> 00:10:04,120
when he was drinking some soup
and his spoon fell apart.

200
00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:12,680
How many of us, in our mid-70s,

201
00:10:12,680 --> 00:10:14,440
still have as our trademark

202
00:10:14,440 --> 00:10:18,040
the exact same thing they were doing
when they were three?

203
00:10:20,560 --> 00:10:25,800
Coming up, 1972's pop charts
tackle grown-up radical politics

204
00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:28,440
and juvenile double entendre.

205
00:10:28,440 --> 00:10:30,200
Why was it never banned?

206
00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:33,480
This was the song
that you sang at family parties.

207
00:10:33,480 --> 00:10:35,680
That's right,
it's a cute little song.

208
00:10:39,520 --> 00:10:43,320
Turn up your Dansette
and dig out your 45s,

209
00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:48,040
we're delving into 1972's
most outrageous pop moments.

210
00:10:48,040 --> 00:10:50,560
Some of those cuts
were so controversial,

211
00:10:50,560 --> 00:10:51,920
they faced being banned.

212
00:10:51,920 --> 00:10:54,120
And our first culprit -

213
00:10:54,120 --> 00:10:58,400
lock up your poultry,
it's this 24-year-old rock monster.

214
00:10:58,400 --> 00:11:02,320
Alice Cooper came across
as this alien.

215
00:11:05,440 --> 00:11:09,480
Alice Cooper had, you know,
dark eye make-up on.

216
00:11:09,480 --> 00:11:12,160
He looked like
some sort of deranged vampire.

217
00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:14,520
He brought the horror to rock.

218
00:11:14,520 --> 00:11:17,320
There was something about his energy

219
00:11:17,320 --> 00:11:20,920
that was kind of
almost a bit scary.

220
00:11:20,920 --> 00:11:25,920
Before Ozzy Osbourne and his bat,
there was Alice.

221
00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:30,400
There was also accusations that he'd
killed live animals on stage

222
00:11:30,400 --> 00:11:33,000
and hammered kittens
and all of this sort of stuff.

223
00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:35,520
I mean, it was totally preposterous.

224
00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:38,200
I've heard rumours about myself
that were pretty disgusting.

225
00:11:38,200 --> 00:11:40,400
You know? And, er...

226
00:11:40,400 --> 00:11:42,840
But, you know, rumours are rumours,
and that's it.

227
00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:45,200
If there's anybody
that's seen our show,

228
00:11:45,200 --> 00:11:48,240
they know that it's not
in the least bit obscene.

229
00:11:48,240 --> 00:11:50,400
HE SNIGGERS
I don't think.

230
00:11:52,600 --> 00:11:55,800
The very fact that he called
himself Alice caused a stir then.

231
00:11:55,800 --> 00:11:58,000
Tonight, I get to play Alice,
you know.

232
00:11:58,000 --> 00:12:00,920
For two hours on stage, I get
to put the make-up on,

233
00:12:00,920 --> 00:12:02,400
and, oh, boy,
and I look forward to it.

234
00:12:02,400 --> 00:12:05,000
It was, "How dare he!"

235
00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:07,760
It was a bit like the arguments
we have about pronouns now.

236
00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:10,080
"How dare this man!
He's a real man, look,

237
00:12:10,080 --> 00:12:12,280
"yet he's calling himself Alice.
It's disgusting."

238
00:12:12,280 --> 00:12:14,200
Well, Alice Cooper is a role.

239
00:12:14,200 --> 00:12:16,680
As much as when Bela Lugosi
played Dracula,

240
00:12:16,680 --> 00:12:18,840
I'm sure that he didn't
go around off stage

241
00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:20,240
biting people in the throat.

242
00:12:20,240 --> 00:12:23,000
I mean, you know,
people were easily upset back then.

243
00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:27,440
Into this storm of outrage
in July, 1972,

244
00:12:27,440 --> 00:12:31,640
this shock rocker
unleashed educational anarchy.

245
00:12:31,640 --> 00:12:36,200
# School's out for summer... #

246
00:12:36,200 --> 00:12:39,000
Alice Cooper doing School's Out
on Top Of The Pops

247
00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:41,600
absolutely galvanised
the playground.

248
00:12:41,600 --> 00:12:43,240
# For ever... #

249
00:12:43,240 --> 00:12:45,920
We all loved it
because it was so exciting.

250
00:12:45,920 --> 00:12:50,480
# School's been blown to pieces...#

251
00:12:50,480 --> 00:12:53,160
The song spoke to that
sort of streak of anarchy

252
00:12:53,160 --> 00:12:55,360
that you're looking forward to

253
00:12:55,360 --> 00:12:57,640
when you just want
to get the hell out of Dodge.

254
00:12:57,640 --> 00:13:02,560
It was kind of telling kids,
"Stuff it."

255
00:13:05,040 --> 00:13:09,280
Naturally, the stuffy grown-ups
didn't take kindly to such mayhem.

256
00:13:09,280 --> 00:13:14,720
Of course, that was very troubling
to parents, to teachers, educators.

257
00:13:14,720 --> 00:13:16,760
It's, "Oh, no! Oh, my God,"
you know,

258
00:13:16,760 --> 00:13:20,200
"Don't encourage young children
to be really unruly."

259
00:13:20,200 --> 00:13:23,160
You don't mind if I drink?
INTERVIEWER: Go right ahead.

260
00:13:23,160 --> 00:13:25,800
They said that
it was sort of anti-school.

261
00:13:25,800 --> 00:13:29,320
Well, every 14 year old
is anti-school.

262
00:13:29,320 --> 00:13:33,080
Back then,
wherever there was controversy,

263
00:13:33,080 --> 00:13:36,240
you'd find a certain moral guardian.

264
00:13:36,240 --> 00:13:38,600
Last Thursday evening,
we sat as a family,

265
00:13:38,600 --> 00:13:42,880
and we saw a programme,
and it was the dirtiest programme

266
00:13:42,880 --> 00:13:45,360
that I have seen
for a very long time.

267
00:13:46,680 --> 00:13:49,960
The Christian campaigner
Mary Whitehouse spoke up,

268
00:13:49,960 --> 00:13:52,640
as she did many times
during the '70s.

269
00:13:52,640 --> 00:13:55,120
'Is that Press Association
news desk?'

270
00:13:55,120 --> 00:13:57,520
Yes, hello,
it's Mary Whitehouse here.

271
00:13:57,520 --> 00:14:00,280
I think she used to get outraged
if her milk delivery was late.

272
00:14:00,280 --> 00:14:04,040
She thought Alice Cooper
was absolutely outrageous

273
00:14:04,040 --> 00:14:07,240
and that School's Out
needed to be banned.

274
00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:10,160
Of course, all the fuss
just fanned the flames

275
00:14:10,160 --> 00:14:12,160
of publicity around the song,

276
00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:15,800
much to the delight
of young Alice Cooper fans.

277
00:14:17,200 --> 00:14:20,960
The fact that it had led
to this great moral outrage

278
00:14:20,960 --> 00:14:25,960
just added to our glee of singing it
in the school the next day.

279
00:14:25,960 --> 00:14:31,480
The result? Alice's anarchic anthem
was number one for three weeks.

280
00:14:31,480 --> 00:14:34,440
So, inevitably, you know,
School's Out becomes a huge hit.

281
00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:37,000
So it was a win-win
for Alice in the end.

282
00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:39,040
DOORBELL RINGS

283
00:14:39,040 --> 00:14:42,960
Alice Cooper sent a bunch of flowers
to Mary Whitehouse.

284
00:14:42,960 --> 00:14:44,200
Thank you very much.

285
00:14:44,200 --> 00:14:45,600
Which I thought was fantastic.

286
00:14:45,600 --> 00:14:47,320
He said,
"Thank you for all the publicity."

287
00:14:47,320 --> 00:14:49,280
He made a massive career out of it

288
00:14:49,280 --> 00:14:52,320
and had a number one record
for three weeks as a result of it.

289
00:14:52,320 --> 00:14:53,680
I'm sure Alice lapped it up.

290
00:14:53,680 --> 00:14:57,240
OK, so Mary lost to Alice.

291
00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:04,240
But by Christmas '72, she had
another pop outrage to tackle.

292
00:15:04,240 --> 00:15:08,440
And it wasn't even double entendre,
just single all the way.

293
00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:09,760
This happens to be an E flat.

294
00:15:09,760 --> 00:15:12,160
My Ding-a-Ling...

295
00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:15,440
And it's a very cute little number.
As a matter-of-fact...

296
00:15:15,440 --> 00:15:16,920
..it's a fourth-grade ditty.

297
00:15:16,920 --> 00:15:18,600
I mean, where do you start?

298
00:15:18,600 --> 00:15:19,760
HE GIGGLES

299
00:15:19,760 --> 00:15:22,080
Oh, God.
SHE CHUCKLES

300
00:15:22,080 --> 00:15:25,800
And it also happens
to be a sexy song.

301
00:15:25,800 --> 00:15:30,080
Performing that song
was a rock 'n' roll legend.

302
00:15:30,080 --> 00:15:32,120
It's amazing to think
that Chuck Berry,

303
00:15:32,120 --> 00:15:35,080
one of the absolute
foundation stones of rock 'n' roll,

304
00:15:35,080 --> 00:15:38,760
would have his only
British number one

305
00:15:38,760 --> 00:15:41,720
with a record called My Ding-a-Ling.

306
00:15:41,720 --> 00:15:45,280
Oh, there's nothing wrong with sex.
No, not a thing wrong with sex.

307
00:15:45,280 --> 00:15:48,560
Chuck Berry's My Ding-a-Ling
is so funny.

308
00:15:48,560 --> 00:15:51,360
Now, here we...
HE STUMBLES

309
00:15:51,360 --> 00:15:53,920
We have a groovy audience
here tonight, don't we?

310
00:15:53,920 --> 00:15:57,240
You know, looking back,
we were all so innocent.

311
00:15:57,240 --> 00:15:59,640
We thought it might be naughty,
but we weren't quite sure.

312
00:15:59,640 --> 00:16:02,000
That's right,
it's a cute little song.

313
00:16:02,000 --> 00:16:04,880
We loved it
because it was being rude

314
00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:06,720
without really being rude.

315
00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:08,600
And everyone would just sing along.

316
00:16:08,600 --> 00:16:12,520
# When I was a wee little boy

317
00:16:12,520 --> 00:16:16,440
# My grandmother bought me
A cute little toy

318
00:16:16,440 --> 00:16:20,000
# Silver bells hanging on a string

319
00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:23,480
# She told me it was
My ding-a-ling-a-ling

320
00:16:23,480 --> 00:16:26,320
# Oh, my...
AUDIENCE: # Ding-a-ling

321
00:16:26,320 --> 00:16:28,520
# My ding-a-ling

322
00:16:28,520 --> 00:16:31,880
# I want you to play
With my ding-a-ling. #

323
00:16:31,880 --> 00:16:33,760
Beautiful, beautiful.

324
00:16:33,760 --> 00:16:36,280
It was such an enormous hit.

325
00:16:36,280 --> 00:16:38,040
It was a joke.

326
00:16:38,040 --> 00:16:41,560
It was fun, and you knew it was fun
because when you watched

327
00:16:41,560 --> 00:16:44,560
the performances that he did
on telly, the audience laughed.

328
00:16:44,560 --> 00:16:48,000
Yes, sir, I heard one
of the cameramen singing "my", too.

329
00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:50,480
That's all right.
LAUGHTER

330
00:16:50,480 --> 00:16:53,920
But while most of the nation
were enjoying Chuck's Ding-a-Ling,

331
00:16:53,920 --> 00:16:56,960
someone wasn't amused.
Have a guess who.

332
00:16:56,960 --> 00:17:01,440
Mary Whitehouse had big issues with
My Ding-a-Ling because obviously,

333
00:17:01,440 --> 00:17:05,080
I think it's supposed to mean
a gentleman's private part,

334
00:17:05,080 --> 00:17:07,240
just between you and I.

335
00:17:07,240 --> 00:17:10,280
And of course, all boys at school

336
00:17:10,280 --> 00:17:12,880
were showing people
their ding-a-lings.

337
00:17:12,880 --> 00:17:15,400
And she actually
wrote a letter of complaint

338
00:17:15,400 --> 00:17:17,800
hearing from a teacher
at a school where,

339
00:17:17,800 --> 00:17:20,040
evidently,
lots of seven-year-old boys

340
00:17:20,040 --> 00:17:22,920
were exposing themselves,
singing My Ding-a-Ling.

341
00:17:24,200 --> 00:17:27,600
Mary Whitehouse was like
a voice in the wilderness

342
00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:29,960
protesting to everything.

343
00:17:29,960 --> 00:17:32,840
And we just thought
she was ridiculous.

344
00:17:32,840 --> 00:17:35,720
But now she was probably right,
and that was a ridiculous song.

345
00:17:35,720 --> 00:17:40,080
So it was now
outrage, two, Whitehouse, nil.

346
00:17:40,080 --> 00:17:41,320
Chuck wasn't banned,

347
00:17:41,320 --> 00:17:44,040
and his ding-a-ling hung at the top
of the charts for four weeks

348
00:17:44,040 --> 00:17:48,200
until Little Jimmy Osmond kept it
off the Christmas number one spot.

349
00:17:50,440 --> 00:17:52,640
I didn't like it much at all

350
00:17:52,640 --> 00:17:54,600
because it just seemed like
this old guy

351
00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:57,120
singing about his thing, basically.

352
00:17:57,120 --> 00:17:58,920
Why was it never banned?

353
00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:02,320
This was the song
that you sang at family parties.

354
00:18:02,320 --> 00:18:04,440
Oh, so beautiful.

355
00:18:05,520 --> 00:18:08,120
I mean, your uncle would be
singing you this song.

356
00:18:08,120 --> 00:18:10,560
I mean, it's every kind of wrong
that you can imagine.

357
00:18:13,160 --> 00:18:14,680
It's a loathsome record.

358
00:18:14,680 --> 00:18:17,200
Even at the time, as a kid,
I didn't like it.

359
00:18:17,200 --> 00:18:19,200
I just thought, "This is daft."

360
00:18:19,200 --> 00:18:21,560
Let me hear you holler, "Ole"!

361
00:18:22,800 --> 00:18:25,680
A brand-new group
had emerged in 1972

362
00:18:25,680 --> 00:18:28,200
and managed to get
their debut single banned.

363
00:18:28,200 --> 00:18:29,560
That takes some doing.

364
00:18:29,560 --> 00:18:33,400
Particularly when you realise
it wasn't a school-destroying,

365
00:18:33,400 --> 00:18:37,920
ding-a-ling-waving provocateur,
but that nice Paul McCartney.

366
00:18:37,920 --> 00:18:40,080
A couple of years earlier,
the Beatles had split up.

367
00:18:40,080 --> 00:18:41,520
They were all wondering what to do.

368
00:18:41,520 --> 00:18:44,760
And Wings
is Paul McCartney's new band.

369
00:18:44,760 --> 00:18:47,520
And he's got to put out some
new songs, take a new direction,

370
00:18:47,520 --> 00:18:48,640
say something new.

371
00:18:48,640 --> 00:18:51,680
Something new
and something very controversial

372
00:18:51,680 --> 00:18:53,440
as Paul penned a song

373
00:18:53,440 --> 00:18:56,400
about the most contentious issue
of the day called...

374
00:18:56,400 --> 00:19:01,320
# Give Ireland back to the Irish

375
00:19:01,320 --> 00:19:05,760
# Don't make them
Have to take it away... #

376
00:19:07,640 --> 00:19:11,840
Give Ireland Back To The Irish
was a really political statement.

377
00:19:11,840 --> 00:19:16,360
# Make Ireland Irish today

378
00:19:18,120 --> 00:19:21,800
# Great Britain
You are tremendous... #

379
00:19:21,800 --> 00:19:24,960
I mean, you could choose less
controversial topics, couldn't you?

380
00:19:24,960 --> 00:19:28,480
I mean it's still quite,
you know, fraught, that one.

381
00:19:28,480 --> 00:19:32,120
Recent shocking events
in Northern Ireland

382
00:19:32,120 --> 00:19:35,160
were raw in McCartney's mind
when he wrote it.

383
00:19:35,160 --> 00:19:39,080
It was written the day after
the Bloody Sunday massacre.

384
00:19:42,880 --> 00:19:45,080
One of the worst incidents

385
00:19:45,080 --> 00:19:47,960
in the whole of the 30 years
of the Troubles in Northern Ireland.

386
00:19:50,080 --> 00:19:55,400
British paratroopers had killed
13 innocent civilians

387
00:19:55,400 --> 00:19:57,720
in Derry, in Northern Ireland.

388
00:19:57,720 --> 00:20:01,280
Paul McCartney's Irish
on both sides, Irish heritage.

389
00:20:01,280 --> 00:20:04,960
You can see why Paul McCartney
and Linda McCartney,

390
00:20:04,960 --> 00:20:08,400
who clearly both cared
about civil rights,

391
00:20:08,400 --> 00:20:11,240
would think, "Something
is going horribly wrong here."

392
00:20:12,480 --> 00:20:17,200
Further inspiration came from one
of Paul's more radical old friends.

393
00:20:18,640 --> 00:20:21,680
Paul McCartney falls out
with John Lennon for a while.

394
00:20:21,680 --> 00:20:24,080
But before Wings' first single,

395
00:20:24,080 --> 00:20:27,440
they start to repair
their relationship,

396
00:20:27,440 --> 00:20:30,480
and Paul goes and visits
John and Yoko in New York.

397
00:20:32,160 --> 00:20:35,520
He is said to have noticed some
of the protests that are going on,

398
00:20:35,520 --> 00:20:37,440
the anti-Vietnam protests.

399
00:20:37,440 --> 00:20:41,640
And John's there just writing
loads and loads of protest songs.

400
00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:43,600
And Paul has said, you know...

401
00:20:43,600 --> 00:20:46,720
I was thinking, why is he
getting into this politics stuff?

402
00:20:46,720 --> 00:20:49,720
But I have a feeling that Paul,
bless him, thinks,

403
00:20:49,720 --> 00:20:51,760
"Well, maybe he's onto something.

404
00:20:51,760 --> 00:20:53,280
"And, maybe, you know,

405
00:20:53,280 --> 00:20:56,920
"some power pop with a little
political edge will do it."

406
00:20:56,920 --> 00:21:00,120
And he comes back and he writes
Give Ireland Back To The Irish.

407
00:21:01,680 --> 00:21:05,280
Paul wanted to show that
he, too, could be political,

408
00:21:05,280 --> 00:21:06,600
that it wasn't just going to be

409
00:21:06,600 --> 00:21:08,160
silly love songs,
as they came later.

410
00:21:09,640 --> 00:21:11,080
When it came to controversy,

411
00:21:11,080 --> 00:21:14,920
this debut effort from Paul
would match anything of John's.

412
00:21:18,040 --> 00:21:20,880
In those days, the idea of giving
Ireland back to the Irish,

413
00:21:20,880 --> 00:21:24,000
what that was really saying
is the IRA is right,

414
00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:28,040
the IRA should take Northern Ireland
and reunite it by force.

415
00:21:28,040 --> 00:21:30,920
Essentially, he was, like,
supporting terrorism,

416
00:21:30,920 --> 00:21:32,840
I suppose, is how it was portrayed.

417
00:21:32,840 --> 00:21:35,800
It was quite shocking at the time.

418
00:21:35,800 --> 00:21:37,160
My God, there was a backlash to it.

419
00:21:38,680 --> 00:21:39,960
And some.

420
00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:43,120
Citing the controversial
and politically-biased content,

421
00:21:43,120 --> 00:21:46,840
both the BBC and Radio Luxembourg
banned the song.

422
00:21:47,920 --> 00:21:51,040
People thought, "Oh, my God,
he should be more patriotic.

423
00:21:51,040 --> 00:21:52,240
"That's terrible."

424
00:21:52,240 --> 00:21:56,160
But I thought, "Good on him."
Because Bloody Sunday was awful.

425
00:22:01,920 --> 00:22:04,280
Those controversies
of '72 keep coming.

426
00:22:04,280 --> 00:22:06,480
COMMENTATOR:
Number three there is Sandra Graham.

427
00:22:06,480 --> 00:22:08,560
Sheila Parker with her.

428
00:22:08,560 --> 00:22:11,400
Female football,
that'll never catch on (!)

429
00:22:11,400 --> 00:22:13,640
'Why did you choose football?
I'm sure most girls

430
00:22:13,640 --> 00:22:15,840
'would jump at the chance
of marriage.' What?!

431
00:22:15,840 --> 00:22:17,840
LAUGHING: I can't watch this.

432
00:22:17,840 --> 00:22:21,440
And The Body Beautiful, '70s style.

433
00:22:21,440 --> 00:22:25,280
Disgusting. I'd stop them.
I'd shoot the ruddy BLEEP.

434
00:22:29,560 --> 00:22:34,320
We're plunging headlong back into
the biggest controversies of 1972,

435
00:22:34,320 --> 00:22:36,680
when in an eye-opening spirit
of freedom,

436
00:22:36,680 --> 00:22:39,360
all manner of things
were being liberated.

437
00:22:39,360 --> 00:22:41,360
Haven't got
the right sort of backside.

438
00:22:41,360 --> 00:22:44,920
That March saw the presses
rolling on a new magazine

439
00:22:44,920 --> 00:22:48,240
with new radical ideas
how women should behave.

440
00:22:48,240 --> 00:22:54,800
So, in 1972, suddenly,
my mum brought home a magazine

441
00:22:54,800 --> 00:22:56,720
that was shocking.

442
00:22:58,800 --> 00:23:00,760
I remember
when Cosmopolitan was launched,

443
00:23:00,760 --> 00:23:02,440
and I thought, "Wow!"

444
00:23:04,920 --> 00:23:06,240
It was fantastic.

445
00:23:06,240 --> 00:23:09,080
Cos I used to get the train
into London to work,

446
00:23:09,080 --> 00:23:14,240
and I had a proper grown-up magazine
meant for people like me.

447
00:23:14,240 --> 00:23:18,320
It was absolutely, I thought,
aimed at someone like me

448
00:23:18,320 --> 00:23:23,280
who was, you know, young,
independent woman with a career.

449
00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:25,360
Oh, morning, Peter, it's Geri here.

450
00:23:25,360 --> 00:23:28,480
Suddenly,
there was a women's magazine

451
00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:31,920
that actually mentioned
the word "sex".

452
00:23:31,920 --> 00:23:34,920
Not just once, but throughout it.

453
00:23:34,920 --> 00:23:37,520
And it was unheard of.

454
00:23:37,520 --> 00:23:40,880
Unheard of and unbelievable.

455
00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:45,480
Because up until March, 1972,

456
00:23:45,480 --> 00:23:50,400
women's mags had reinforced
stereotypes dating back centuries.

457
00:23:50,400 --> 00:23:52,680
Women's magazines were quite staid,

458
00:23:52,680 --> 00:23:55,200
and it was magazines
like Women's Realm,

459
00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:57,520
with knitting patterns.

460
00:23:57,520 --> 00:23:59,520
Magazines that had recipes,

461
00:23:59,520 --> 00:24:02,240
and they were very much
for, like, the mother at home.

462
00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:05,680
All the items are timed and priced

463
00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:09,960
so the reader can almost prop the
magazine up on the cooker and say,

464
00:24:09,960 --> 00:24:12,560
"Now, that is what I am going to do
this evening."

465
00:24:12,560 --> 00:24:16,280
This was the life lived
by many women in the early '70s.

466
00:24:16,280 --> 00:24:19,240
Staying at home with the kids,
admiring flock wallpaper

467
00:24:19,240 --> 00:24:21,080
and polyester sofas.

468
00:24:21,080 --> 00:24:24,680
Girls were still expected
to conform,

469
00:24:24,680 --> 00:24:30,200
still expected to take a more
submissive role in relationships.

470
00:24:30,200 --> 00:24:32,920
Their job, more or less,
is the housewife.

471
00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:35,120
Looking after the kids and that.

472
00:24:35,120 --> 00:24:37,240
That's good enough for them,
do you think? Yeah.

473
00:24:39,320 --> 00:24:41,680
Yep. Welcome to the '70s.

474
00:24:41,680 --> 00:24:45,520
But Cosmo wasn't taking
that attitude lying down.

475
00:24:45,520 --> 00:24:47,840
It was this kind of passport

476
00:24:47,840 --> 00:24:52,080
to a happy, independent, fun life.

477
00:24:52,080 --> 00:24:55,720
It gave you the permission to go out
and be who you wanted to be.

478
00:24:55,720 --> 00:24:57,520
MAN: OK, we're gonna work.

479
00:24:57,520 --> 00:24:59,680
It was a very empowering magazine.

480
00:25:00,920 --> 00:25:04,160
It was really saying
it didn't matter if you were single

481
00:25:04,160 --> 00:25:05,840
and if you went through life single.

482
00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:08,840
It had everything in it
that I was interested in,

483
00:25:08,840 --> 00:25:12,720
it had music, it had film stars,
it had fashion.

484
00:25:12,720 --> 00:25:16,240
And it was about
how you got on the career ladder,

485
00:25:16,240 --> 00:25:19,640
and it had tips about things like
what you could do with your money.

486
00:25:19,640 --> 00:25:22,520
Spend it on Cosmo, for instance,

487
00:25:22,520 --> 00:25:26,440
as the magazine affectionately
became known to us career girls.

488
00:25:26,440 --> 00:25:29,920
It had actually been
an altogether different publication

489
00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:33,320
until one American editor
shook things up.

490
00:25:33,320 --> 00:25:35,520
Cosmopolitan
was first published in...

491
00:25:35,520 --> 00:25:40,440
gosh, in the late 19th century
in America, just a family magazine,

492
00:25:40,440 --> 00:25:43,960
you know, published
these nice anodyne stories.

493
00:25:43,960 --> 00:25:48,840
But in 1965, Helen Gurley Brown,
who was the editor in chief,

494
00:25:48,840 --> 00:25:54,160
completely relaunched it
as kind of sex and the single girl.

495
00:25:54,160 --> 00:25:57,880
There are magazines for the homebody
who deal with the woman at home,

496
00:25:57,880 --> 00:26:01,280
and her children and her problems
and her husband

497
00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:03,240
and how to take care of her house.

498
00:26:03,240 --> 00:26:04,760
But we're not anything like that,

499
00:26:04,760 --> 00:26:06,960
we never go near children
in Cosmopolitan.

500
00:26:08,400 --> 00:26:12,000
Helen Gurley Brown kind of created
a magazine version

501
00:26:12,000 --> 00:26:13,960
of how she lived and saw life,
you know,

502
00:26:13,960 --> 00:26:16,640
a woman who chose sex
outside marriage,

503
00:26:16,640 --> 00:26:19,320
she wasn't ashamed of it,
who liked to dress well.

504
00:26:19,320 --> 00:26:21,960
Being married was not
the be-all and end-all

505
00:26:21,960 --> 00:26:24,160
of a modern young woman's life
any more.

506
00:26:24,160 --> 00:26:25,880
That's what that magazine
epitomised.

507
00:26:25,880 --> 00:26:28,720
We're just
into this particular area,

508
00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:32,680
her job and her man,
her love life and her sex life.

509
00:26:32,680 --> 00:26:37,200
They were willing to go to places
that hadn't been visited before.

510
00:26:37,200 --> 00:26:39,120
My goodness,
I'm sounding like Star Trek.

511
00:26:39,120 --> 00:26:40,320
SHE CHUCKLES

512
00:26:40,320 --> 00:26:43,200
And this was one of those places.

513
00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:47,280
Who'd have thought it?
Male nudity in the '70s.

514
00:26:47,280 --> 00:26:52,840
I remember being
particularly... gripped

515
00:26:52,840 --> 00:26:56,680
by a naked picture of...
or semi-naked... Was he naked?

516
00:26:56,680 --> 00:26:58,520
It was Burt Reynolds,
he had a moustache on,

517
00:26:58,520 --> 00:26:59,960
I seem to remember that.

518
00:26:59,960 --> 00:27:02,200
But isn't he, you know,
completely naked,

519
00:27:02,200 --> 00:27:07,080
but isn't he coyly sort of hiding
any parts one shouldn't see?

520
00:27:07,080 --> 00:27:10,000
This is the era of pin-ups
of naked women on office walls,

521
00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:11,360
on factory walls.

522
00:27:11,360 --> 00:27:14,440
You know, it was a way to intimidate
women and keep them in their place.

523
00:27:14,440 --> 00:27:16,440
And Cosmopolitan
was fun and liberating,

524
00:27:16,440 --> 00:27:18,480
and it was focused on
what women wanted to do.

525
00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:23,040
Before then, magazines had given
advice on cooking and sewing,

526
00:27:23,040 --> 00:27:25,960
but Cosmo had other tips
on the agenda.

527
00:27:25,960 --> 00:27:29,200
It talked about sex!

528
00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:31,520
And that was, like, taboo.

529
00:27:31,520 --> 00:27:36,720
It just did seem like every month,
there was an article about orgasm.

530
00:27:36,720 --> 00:27:40,240
There was so much advice.

531
00:27:40,240 --> 00:27:42,680
There was so much openness,

532
00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:45,400
and I think it gave women
a freedom...

533
00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:48,880
to talk to each other
about these things.

534
00:27:48,880 --> 00:27:53,680
The sexual content, and sometimes
imagery, in Cosmo divided opinions.

535
00:27:53,680 --> 00:27:57,000
For some, it was liberating.
For others, it went too far.

536
00:27:57,000 --> 00:27:58,320
I think they overdo it a bit.

537
00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:00,560
I think they think everyone
under about 21...

538
00:28:00,560 --> 00:28:02,720
Perhaps I'm getting a bit past it,
but anyway...

539
00:28:02,720 --> 00:28:04,440
Anyone under about 21 or so

540
00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:06,160
is absolutely dying
to read about sex.

541
00:28:06,160 --> 00:28:07,880
I think it got a bit, er...

542
00:28:09,120 --> 00:28:10,480
..it got a bit filthy.

543
00:28:11,960 --> 00:28:13,880
More controversial
than the sex tips

544
00:28:13,880 --> 00:28:16,160
was the idea that women
could have it all.

545
00:28:16,160 --> 00:28:19,280
Because in the early '70s,
this was clearly not the case.

546
00:28:19,280 --> 00:28:21,480
Take sport...

547
00:28:21,480 --> 00:28:24,240
Well, now, tomorrow, there's
an international football match

548
00:28:24,240 --> 00:28:26,520
at Greenock,
which in its way is unique.

549
00:28:26,520 --> 00:28:29,520
It's between England and Scotland -
mind you, that's not new.

550
00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:32,200
But when I tell you that one of
the Scottish stars is Edna Neillis,

551
00:28:32,200 --> 00:28:34,120
and the English captain
is Sheila Parker,

552
00:28:34,120 --> 00:28:35,600
then I think you'll get the message.

553
00:28:35,600 --> 00:28:36,800
WHISTLE BLOWS

554
00:28:37,960 --> 00:28:41,120
Today, women's football
is a global concern.

555
00:28:41,120 --> 00:28:44,040
Back then, it was just a concern,
full stop.

556
00:28:45,360 --> 00:28:48,040
In 1972, the questions raged.

557
00:28:48,040 --> 00:28:51,320
And not just, "Can they play?"
But even, "Should they play?"

558
00:28:53,080 --> 00:28:54,960
What's so shocking about it

559
00:28:54,960 --> 00:28:58,120
is that the FA clearly
didn't want women footballers

560
00:28:58,120 --> 00:29:02,480
to compete at the level
of male FA footballers.

561
00:29:02,480 --> 00:29:03,840
You're the centre forward?
Yes.

562
00:29:03,840 --> 00:29:05,560
You know what a centre forward does?
Yes.

563
00:29:05,560 --> 00:29:09,480
It was illegal, in a sense,
the FA...

564
00:29:09,480 --> 00:29:14,960
in England, wouldn't allow
any women's football at all...

565
00:29:14,960 --> 00:29:16,520
until 1970.

566
00:29:16,520 --> 00:29:18,440
Well, I think it's a very good idea,

567
00:29:18,440 --> 00:29:21,480
if they can spare time
from their other duties.

568
00:29:21,480 --> 00:29:24,120
So kind of you (!)

569
00:29:24,120 --> 00:29:25,920
With the ban finally lifted,

570
00:29:25,920 --> 00:29:29,280
the stage was set for the first-ever
female international -

571
00:29:29,280 --> 00:29:30,680
England versus Scotland.

572
00:29:30,680 --> 00:29:32,920
The excitement was mounting.

573
00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:35,160
LYNDA HALE: I got my call up letter

574
00:29:35,160 --> 00:29:38,160
to say that I'd been picked
for England.

575
00:29:38,160 --> 00:29:41,960
To receive this letter to say that
you're representing England,

576
00:29:41,960 --> 00:29:43,120
was extraordinary.

577
00:29:43,120 --> 00:29:47,760
Women were officially stepping
into a hugely male preserve.

578
00:29:47,760 --> 00:29:49,960
So how would men react?

579
00:29:49,960 --> 00:29:52,120
The match between Scotland
and England

580
00:29:52,120 --> 00:29:54,320
was really ground-breaking.

581
00:29:54,320 --> 00:29:56,280
LYNDA HALE: People say,
"Oh, you were a trailblazer

582
00:29:56,280 --> 00:29:57,720
"and you were the first ones."

583
00:29:57,720 --> 00:30:00,080
COMMENTATOR: Lynda Hale,
an accounting machine operator

584
00:30:00,080 --> 00:30:01,280
who plays for Southampton.

585
00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:03,840
It's the same as any other sport,
I mean,

586
00:30:03,840 --> 00:30:07,160
it's a hobby that you've
got to be really keen to do.

587
00:30:07,160 --> 00:30:10,280
It's not until years and years later
that you think,

588
00:30:10,280 --> 00:30:12,400
"Oh, I did that. That was me."

589
00:30:14,400 --> 00:30:17,000
At first, it seemed
the women might be getting

590
00:30:17,000 --> 00:30:21,040
the same treatment as the men,
with this TV report.

591
00:30:21,040 --> 00:30:24,720
Tonight, we preview the first-ever
international women's soccer match

592
00:30:24,720 --> 00:30:26,200
between England and Scotland.

593
00:30:26,200 --> 00:30:28,040
The English team
were seen in training

594
00:30:28,040 --> 00:30:31,520
during the five-a-side competition
this week at Wembley.

595
00:30:31,520 --> 00:30:34,320
COMMENTATOR: Here's Sheila Parker
with the first attack.

596
00:30:34,320 --> 00:30:37,320
But you only have to listen
to the crowd on this rare footage

597
00:30:37,320 --> 00:30:41,200
to realise female football
still had a long way to go.

598
00:30:41,200 --> 00:30:42,600
WOLF-WHISTLING

599
00:30:42,600 --> 00:30:45,400
COMMENTATOR: Hearing quite a few
wolf-whistles from the spectators.

600
00:30:45,400 --> 00:30:48,040
SHE GASPS

601
00:30:48,040 --> 00:30:49,960
Really?

602
00:30:49,960 --> 00:30:52,480
Number three, there, Sandra Graham.

603
00:30:52,480 --> 00:30:54,320
Sheila Parker with her.

604
00:30:54,320 --> 00:30:56,480
WOLF-WHISTLING CONTINUES

605
00:30:56,480 --> 00:30:58,360
That is just horrendous.

606
00:30:58,360 --> 00:31:02,600
And 2-0, that's the second goal
right on half time.

607
00:31:02,600 --> 00:31:04,200
WHISTLE BLOWS

608
00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:06,720
That's a marvellous performance
so far, girls.

609
00:31:06,720 --> 00:31:08,920
Wendy, let me ask you first,
I'm sure most people

610
00:31:08,920 --> 00:31:10,680
when they think of girls
playing football

611
00:31:10,680 --> 00:31:12,640
think of, perhaps,
the same as men knitting,

612
00:31:12,640 --> 00:31:14,000
do you ever feel like that at all?

613
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:15,840
SHE GASPS

614
00:31:15,840 --> 00:31:18,960
When we tell the boys that we play
football for England or whatever,

615
00:31:18,960 --> 00:31:22,200
they seem very surprised and laugh.
SHE SCOFFS

616
00:31:22,200 --> 00:31:23,800
Sheila, you're captain
of this side,

617
00:31:23,800 --> 00:31:26,080
what does your husband think
about you playing football?

618
00:31:26,080 --> 00:31:28,120
He's thrilled to death with it.

619
00:31:28,120 --> 00:31:30,280
What does he do
when you're playing football?

620
00:31:30,280 --> 00:31:32,440
Have his business and mind the baby.

621
00:31:32,440 --> 00:31:33,840
He looks after the baby?

622
00:31:33,840 --> 00:31:36,200
So you've got a real role reversal
in your home, then?

623
00:31:36,200 --> 00:31:37,720
Sylvia, are you married?

624
00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:39,480
No, I'm not. No.

625
00:31:39,480 --> 00:31:43,720
I did have a boyfriend
for two years,

626
00:31:43,720 --> 00:31:45,760
and at first,
he liked me playing football,

627
00:31:45,760 --> 00:31:47,920
but then after about two years,
he said,

628
00:31:47,920 --> 00:31:49,720
"It's either football or me."

629
00:31:49,720 --> 00:31:53,760
So, er, I took my opportunity
and carried on playing football.

630
00:31:53,760 --> 00:31:55,000
Why did you choose football?

631
00:31:55,000 --> 00:31:58,200
I sure most girls would jump
at the chance of marriage. What?!

632
00:31:58,200 --> 00:32:00,800
Well, actually...
I can't watch this!

633
00:32:00,800 --> 00:32:03,080
I thought, "This opportunity
doesn't come very often",

634
00:32:03,080 --> 00:32:05,880
so I took the opportunity
of going abroad. Good girl!

635
00:32:05,880 --> 00:32:08,360
Yeah, too right! I love that.

636
00:32:08,360 --> 00:32:10,040
She's the MVP of that interview.

637
00:32:10,040 --> 00:32:13,200
How seriously
do you girls take this game?

638
00:32:13,200 --> 00:32:15,160
Oh, I take it very serious.

639
00:32:15,160 --> 00:32:17,000
You know, I can't get enough
of football,

640
00:32:17,000 --> 00:32:18,480
I live, eat and sleep football.

641
00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:22,840
Wow! I mean,
it's like watching a spoof.

642
00:32:24,520 --> 00:32:27,920
COMMENTATOR: Can the Hoops
get back into the match?

643
00:32:27,920 --> 00:32:31,240
You're an athlete,
you're trying to do what you do,

644
00:32:31,240 --> 00:32:32,720
and you're being whistled at.

645
00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:35,920
Astonishing! Honestly!

646
00:32:35,920 --> 00:32:38,360
And then you come off pitch
at the end of your match,

647
00:32:38,360 --> 00:32:42,000
and some smarmy, posh guy

648
00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:45,480
who clearly thinks that you should
be in the kitchen, interviews you.

649
00:32:45,480 --> 00:32:47,200
It really has become very serious,

650
00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:49,720
do you think you're going to be
able to keep up the pace of it?

651
00:32:49,720 --> 00:32:52,000
You wouldn't interview
a male footballer...

652
00:32:52,000 --> 00:32:53,960
"Where's your wife?" You know?

653
00:32:53,960 --> 00:32:56,360
Or... "What's she doing at home?"

654
00:32:56,360 --> 00:32:57,960
Thank you very much, girls.

655
00:32:57,960 --> 00:33:00,720
Off you go now for the second half,
I'll have a word with your manager.

656
00:33:00,720 --> 00:33:03,840
He calls them girls like
they're sort of 12 years old.

657
00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:06,760
It makes me wanna strangle him.
How dare he!

658
00:33:06,760 --> 00:33:08,760
COMMENTATOR:
And the referee blows his whistle.

659
00:33:08,760 --> 00:33:10,480
So some useful training
for these girls.

660
00:33:10,480 --> 00:33:12,520
At the time,
you don't take any notice of it.

661
00:33:12,520 --> 00:33:14,480
I can remember going
to a football match one day

662
00:33:14,480 --> 00:33:15,720
and them saying to us,

663
00:33:15,720 --> 00:33:18,040
"We've only come
to see you swap shirts."

664
00:33:18,040 --> 00:33:21,280
It's not until later and you think,
"He shouldn't have said that." Yeah.

665
00:33:21,280 --> 00:33:23,040
He's got no reason to say that.

666
00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:27,800
I thought those women handled
those questions really well.

667
00:33:27,800 --> 00:33:31,080
They gave reasonably diplomatic
responses,

668
00:33:31,080 --> 00:33:33,280
but I think their faces say it all.

669
00:33:34,960 --> 00:33:39,960
Then came the main event
and more opportunity for misogyny.

670
00:33:39,960 --> 00:33:41,880
COMMENTATOR:
After Scotland won the toss,

671
00:33:41,880 --> 00:33:43,480
England kicked off
on a rock-hard pitch

672
00:33:43,480 --> 00:33:45,120
and were quickly on the attack.

673
00:33:45,120 --> 00:33:47,600
The Scots, in the early stages,
fell back in face of,

674
00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:49,760
dare one say it,
a heavier English team.

675
00:33:49,760 --> 00:33:50,960
Proof, if needed,

676
00:33:50,960 --> 00:33:56,240
that back then, female football was
both controversial and patronised.

677
00:33:56,240 --> 00:33:58,880
The woman's place was in the home,
wasn't it? Yep.

678
00:33:58,880 --> 00:34:02,280
That's what it was.
That's how it was perceived.

679
00:34:02,280 --> 00:34:04,400
Thank goodness things have moved on.

680
00:34:08,400 --> 00:34:12,840
In 1972, female footballers
had a long fight ahead

681
00:34:12,840 --> 00:34:16,520
against entrenched attitudes
and lazy prejudice.

682
00:34:16,520 --> 00:34:19,320
And that November,
old and new values

683
00:34:19,320 --> 00:34:20,720
were also in collision

684
00:34:20,720 --> 00:34:23,640
in the form of a controversial
new sporting competition

685
00:34:23,640 --> 00:34:25,240
with a difference...

686
00:34:25,240 --> 00:34:26,960
Tomorrow, for the first time ever,

687
00:34:26,960 --> 00:34:28,960
the International
Naturists Federation

688
00:34:28,960 --> 00:34:31,280
is to hold its annual swimming gala
in Britain,

689
00:34:31,280 --> 00:34:32,600
at Spenborough, in Yorkshire.

690
00:34:33,800 --> 00:34:36,120
..where one man saw it
as his civic duty

691
00:34:36,120 --> 00:34:38,440
to take the plunge himself.

692
00:34:38,440 --> 00:34:41,280
The mayor, who's called
Geoff Dobson, opens the event.

693
00:34:41,280 --> 00:34:43,680
52-year-old Geoff Dobson
decided that the only way

694
00:34:43,680 --> 00:34:47,640
to greet his visitors was to disrobe
and appear in his birthday suit.

695
00:34:47,640 --> 00:34:50,760
So when the world nudists arrive
at the new swimming baths,

696
00:34:50,760 --> 00:34:54,600
the Mayor will take the plunge
without his symbols of office.

697
00:34:54,600 --> 00:34:56,160
INTERVIEWER: Now, tell me, Mr Mayor,

698
00:34:56,160 --> 00:34:59,280
why are you opening
a big civic occasion in the nude?

699
00:34:59,280 --> 00:35:02,360
Well, I don't see any difference
in doing this,

700
00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:06,840
opening this in the nude,
than going out to civic functions.

701
00:35:06,840 --> 00:35:09,160
Of course,
mayors don't normally open functions

702
00:35:09,160 --> 00:35:10,640
in the nude, though, do they?

703
00:35:10,640 --> 00:35:14,480
No, but these people are coming
from all over the world,

704
00:35:14,480 --> 00:35:16,280
and I feel
that I shall be slighting them

705
00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:19,200
if I didn't entertain them
in their way.

706
00:35:19,200 --> 00:35:21,640
This man, desperate.

707
00:35:21,640 --> 00:35:24,240
Suddenly, 72, he gets his wish.

708
00:35:24,240 --> 00:35:28,040
During the evening, I shall take
my clothes off and bathe with them.

709
00:35:28,040 --> 00:35:29,920
And I think it's both
very sensitive of him,

710
00:35:29,920 --> 00:35:32,760
very empathetic to be able
to be in the nude

711
00:35:32,760 --> 00:35:34,960
with other people being in the nude
in a public space,

712
00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:37,400
which he's probably thought about
quite a while afterwards.

713
00:35:37,400 --> 00:35:40,080
But this was the early '70s,
remember?

714
00:35:40,080 --> 00:35:43,280
And unfortunately,
not everyone was as relaxed

715
00:35:43,280 --> 00:35:46,280
about getting their kit off
as the have-a-go mayor.

716
00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:50,200
Growing up, naturists,
I mean, the way they were presented,

717
00:35:50,200 --> 00:35:52,400
they were like
this enemy of the state.

718
00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:55,760
Disgusting. I'd stop them.
I'd shoot the ruddy BLEEP.

719
00:35:55,760 --> 00:35:56,880
INTERVIEWER: Why?

720
00:35:56,880 --> 00:35:59,200
Because it's disgusting,
that's what I think it is.

721
00:35:59,200 --> 00:36:02,760
What is there about nudists
which you think would...?

722
00:36:02,760 --> 00:36:05,920
I'm telling you, it'll attract
the wrong class of person.

723
00:36:05,920 --> 00:36:07,160
The hooliganism.

724
00:36:07,160 --> 00:36:08,920
It will give extra work
to the police,

725
00:36:08,920 --> 00:36:10,520
drinking and everything else.

726
00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:12,720
You'll get all the scoundrels
out of hell coming.

727
00:36:12,720 --> 00:36:15,720
Satan has come to town, hasn't he?

728
00:36:15,720 --> 00:36:17,840
Just because people have taken
their clothes off.

729
00:36:18,840 --> 00:36:20,520
I think it's objectionable.

730
00:36:20,520 --> 00:36:22,720
You had these terrible things
happening in the world,

731
00:36:22,720 --> 00:36:26,080
but you had someone who used to go
and play tennis in the nude,

732
00:36:26,080 --> 00:36:28,560
and it was a bit like,
"Oh, my God! They're a threat.

733
00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:30,400
"This is the worst thing ever."

734
00:36:30,400 --> 00:36:34,240
There's all this sex
and every wretched thing,

735
00:36:34,240 --> 00:36:35,800
more and more of it.

736
00:36:35,800 --> 00:36:38,680
And of course, you don't
get anything bad happening,

737
00:36:38,680 --> 00:36:41,600
it's just that people want
to let it all hang out.

738
00:36:41,600 --> 00:36:43,120
Did I just say that?

739
00:36:43,120 --> 00:36:46,400
They want to let it all, you know...
be free.

740
00:36:46,400 --> 00:36:48,360
Actually,
it's just a normal way of life,

741
00:36:48,360 --> 00:36:50,600
and there's quite normal people
from every walk of life,

742
00:36:50,600 --> 00:36:51,920
every shape and size.

743
00:36:51,920 --> 00:36:53,240
I mean, that's how it is.

744
00:36:55,160 --> 00:36:59,200
In 1972, this kind of exhibitionism
divided the nation.

745
00:36:59,200 --> 00:37:01,520
Some were predictably horrified.

746
00:37:01,520 --> 00:37:04,280
I don't think I'd like
to meet a party of nudists.

747
00:37:04,280 --> 00:37:08,840
Others, generally people
without clothes on, saw no problem.

748
00:37:08,840 --> 00:37:11,040
INTERVIEWER: Wouldn't you feel safer
with clothes on?

749
00:37:11,040 --> 00:37:12,360
Safer?

750
00:37:12,360 --> 00:37:14,760
For your own protection
in a game like this.

751
00:37:14,760 --> 00:37:15,800
No.
No?

752
00:37:15,800 --> 00:37:17,720
No, not at all.

753
00:37:17,720 --> 00:37:19,600
Then there was the rest
of the population,

754
00:37:19,600 --> 00:37:22,560
raised on a diet
of Carry On and Benny Hill,

755
00:37:22,560 --> 00:37:25,320
who just found any nudity
really funny.

756
00:37:27,520 --> 00:37:31,480
The North Sea would hardly seem the
kind of water to attract sunseekers.

757
00:37:31,480 --> 00:37:33,920
Well, the British Naturalist Council
searched Britain

758
00:37:33,920 --> 00:37:35,680
from Wick to the Isle of Wight

759
00:37:35,680 --> 00:37:37,920
to find a place
where they could caress their bodies

760
00:37:37,920 --> 00:37:39,120
on a public beach.

761
00:37:40,240 --> 00:37:44,960
Naturism isn't illegal.
It is hilariously totally legal.

762
00:37:44,960 --> 00:37:47,760
What's so funny is '70s people
being naked as well

763
00:37:47,760 --> 00:37:50,800
cos they all have glasses on
and '70s hair.

764
00:37:50,800 --> 00:37:54,120
There was this feeling of,
"Oh, this is gonna be a bit saucy."

765
00:37:54,120 --> 00:37:57,040
But the people that were naturists
would be the last people

766
00:37:57,040 --> 00:37:58,560
you'd want to see in the nude.

767
00:38:00,080 --> 00:38:03,080
And so you do look, and you think,
"Ooh, put them back on."

768
00:38:04,360 --> 00:38:07,200
I think naturism is the funniest
thing that's ever happened.

769
00:38:07,200 --> 00:38:08,400
SHE LAUGHS

770
00:38:08,400 --> 00:38:11,640
You know, long may it continue
for those that want to do that.

771
00:38:17,280 --> 00:38:19,360
More controversies incoming

772
00:38:19,360 --> 00:38:23,080
as the royal family
face both heartbreak and crisis.

773
00:38:23,080 --> 00:38:25,600
I thought it was a sad
and wonderful moment

774
00:38:25,600 --> 00:38:28,960
for a sad man and a gracious queen.

775
00:38:33,920 --> 00:38:39,280
We're looking back at chaotic,
crazy, controversial 1972...

776
00:38:39,280 --> 00:38:42,640
CHANTING: Tories out! Tories out!

777
00:38:43,960 --> 00:38:47,640
..when society's divisions
grew ever deeper...

778
00:38:49,360 --> 00:38:53,240
..and the monarchy faced
not one but two major crises.

779
00:38:54,440 --> 00:38:56,440
The first came in the form of a play

780
00:38:56,440 --> 00:38:59,720
which redefined
how the public viewed their royals.

781
00:39:00,880 --> 00:39:03,480
And remember,
this is years before The Crown

782
00:39:03,480 --> 00:39:07,680
would explain Tampongate
in all too vivid detail.

783
00:39:07,680 --> 00:39:10,400
God, I wish I could just...

784
00:39:10,400 --> 00:39:12,080
live inside your trousers
or something.

785
00:39:12,080 --> 00:39:14,280
It would be so much easier.
MAN HUFFS

786
00:39:14,280 --> 00:39:17,040
VOICE OF CAMILLA: 'What you going
to turn into, a pair of knickers?'

787
00:39:17,040 --> 00:39:19,280
CHUCKLING
'Or God forbid a Tampax.

788
00:39:19,280 --> 00:39:21,200
'That would be just my luck.'
LAUGHTER

789
00:39:21,200 --> 00:39:24,720
And well before the Windsors played
fast and loose with the facts.

790
00:39:24,720 --> 00:39:25,800
Dad?

791
00:39:27,280 --> 00:39:29,840
OK, which one of you's the robot?

792
00:39:29,840 --> 00:39:32,040
And even before the '80s,

793
00:39:32,040 --> 00:39:35,760
when Spitting Image first
impersonated our beloved Queen.

794
00:39:35,760 --> 00:39:36,880
Philip!
HE SIGHS

795
00:39:36,880 --> 00:39:39,480
You've embarrassed me again
with your insulting remarks.

796
00:39:39,480 --> 00:39:41,480
Oh, don't you start,
you silly old trout.

797
00:39:41,480 --> 00:39:46,160
In '72, causing a right royal
commotion on stage was...

798
00:39:46,160 --> 00:39:47,800
Crown Matrimonial.

799
00:39:47,800 --> 00:39:49,240
You are under great strain.

800
00:39:49,240 --> 00:39:52,080
If he deserts his post, you would...

801
00:39:53,360 --> 00:39:54,520
..have to take over.

802
00:39:55,640 --> 00:39:57,000
HE STUTTERS

803
00:39:57,000 --> 00:39:59,120
He would never dream
of doing a thing like that.

804
00:40:00,760 --> 00:40:03,160
OK, so Tampongate it isn't,

805
00:40:03,160 --> 00:40:06,400
but in 1972,
this was scandalous stuff.

806
00:40:08,320 --> 00:40:10,120
It's hilarious
when you look back at it,

807
00:40:10,120 --> 00:40:15,040
but Crown Matrimonial
was a huge issue when it came out.

808
00:40:15,040 --> 00:40:17,240
I would be very grateful...

809
00:40:17,240 --> 00:40:19,040
if someone would explain
the situation.

810
00:40:20,120 --> 00:40:24,000
It dealt with the abdication crisis
of Edward VIII.

811
00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:25,560
His Majesty.

812
00:40:27,080 --> 00:40:28,280
Mama.

813
00:40:28,280 --> 00:40:29,920
And it was notorious

814
00:40:29,920 --> 00:40:34,560
because it featured an actual
living member of the royal family.

815
00:40:34,560 --> 00:40:37,400
And that's the real controversy.

816
00:40:37,400 --> 00:40:39,920
Never before had a current member
of the royal family

817
00:40:39,920 --> 00:40:44,160
been played
by a common actor on stage.

818
00:40:44,160 --> 00:40:47,400
In your play, you portray
a real person, the Duchess of York,

819
00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:49,440
now Queen Elizabeth
the Queen Mother.

820
00:40:49,440 --> 00:40:51,880
How do you think she'll react?
Ooh, I've no idea.

821
00:40:53,120 --> 00:40:56,560
The play depicted Elizabeth
the Queen Mother's concern

822
00:40:56,560 --> 00:40:58,080
that her husband, George,

823
00:40:58,080 --> 00:41:00,480
whose stutter made
public speaking difficult,

824
00:41:00,480 --> 00:41:03,680
might unexpectedly become king.

825
00:41:03,680 --> 00:41:06,160
They said
I had a reasonable likeness.

826
00:41:06,160 --> 00:41:08,800
I'm exactly the same height,
five foot two.

827
00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:12,400
The only thing they had to do,
cos I never had big boobs,

828
00:41:12,400 --> 00:41:16,280
they had to make me a special
little vest to be bigger there.

829
00:41:17,880 --> 00:41:19,200
How do you know what went on?

830
00:41:19,200 --> 00:41:20,840
Well, I don't know what went on.

831
00:41:20,840 --> 00:41:23,600
There's a certain amount of evidence
as to what went on,

832
00:41:23,600 --> 00:41:25,440
but naturally,
I've invented the dialogue.

833
00:41:25,440 --> 00:41:27,640
I don't know actually
what they said to each other.

834
00:41:27,640 --> 00:41:33,400
No, what d-distresses me in this
is that... I am his heir.

835
00:41:33,400 --> 00:41:34,800
This was quite ground-breaking

836
00:41:34,800 --> 00:41:37,920
in that can you really be putting
the Queen Mother in a play?

837
00:41:37,920 --> 00:41:40,360
Britain at the time
was still very deferential.

838
00:41:40,360 --> 00:41:42,160
This is King Edward VIII.

839
00:41:42,160 --> 00:41:45,240
I think I'm the only one
that the King crowned.

840
00:41:45,240 --> 00:41:48,880
It was sacrosanct. You didn't mess
with the royal family.

841
00:41:48,880 --> 00:41:50,520
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

842
00:41:52,960 --> 00:41:54,840
You have a legion of older people

843
00:41:54,840 --> 00:41:57,400
who have been brought up
on the royal family.

844
00:41:57,400 --> 00:41:59,880
My grandmother
would have boiled herself alive

845
00:41:59,880 --> 00:42:02,080
if she ever said anything bad
about the royal family.

846
00:42:02,080 --> 00:42:05,560
She still had a front room ready
just in case the Queen popped by.

847
00:42:05,560 --> 00:42:08,880
You know, fainted on some
sort of royal walk or something

848
00:42:08,880 --> 00:42:10,120
and you had to take them in.

849
00:42:11,520 --> 00:42:14,520
For some Brits,
there hadn't been treason like this

850
00:42:14,520 --> 00:42:17,040
since Guy Fawkes
messed about with some matches.

851
00:42:17,040 --> 00:42:19,320
People were up in arms.

852
00:42:19,320 --> 00:42:21,240
My grandmother
would not have watched,

853
00:42:21,240 --> 00:42:23,400
because she wouldn't have liked
our royal family

854
00:42:23,400 --> 00:42:25,080
being dissed in such a way.

855
00:42:25,080 --> 00:42:27,840
I have been inhabiting
cloud-cuckoo-land

856
00:42:27,840 --> 00:42:31,120
where there are no answers to any
questions except another question.

857
00:42:31,120 --> 00:42:34,600
Spoiler,
the play ran for just over a year

858
00:42:34,600 --> 00:42:37,760
and didn't bring down
the royal family.

859
00:42:37,760 --> 00:42:39,120
What I going to do, Elizabeth?

860
00:42:40,360 --> 00:42:44,560
But all further dramas featuring
living royals had this one to thank.

861
00:42:44,560 --> 00:42:46,280
I've not been trained to be...

862
00:42:48,160 --> 00:42:49,600
..k-king.

863
00:42:49,600 --> 00:42:51,600
This was quite an important moment.

864
00:42:51,600 --> 00:42:54,840
I think it was a barrier crossed
that needed to be crossed.

865
00:42:56,320 --> 00:42:59,800
The events of Crown Matrimonial
came as a result

866
00:42:59,800 --> 00:43:04,040
of this scandalous abdication
of King Edward VIII in 1936,

867
00:43:04,040 --> 00:43:05,960
leaving his brother
to take the throne.

868
00:43:07,840 --> 00:43:12,480
By 1972, Edward was in exile
in France on his deathbed

869
00:43:12,480 --> 00:43:15,760
and asking to see his niece,
the Queen.

870
00:43:15,760 --> 00:43:19,240
Elizabeth faced
a controversial no-win situation.

871
00:43:19,240 --> 00:43:21,640
Should she stay, or should she go?

872
00:43:21,640 --> 00:43:22,840
You've got to remember,

873
00:43:22,840 --> 00:43:25,480
when she was a little girl,
she absolutely idolised him.

874
00:43:25,480 --> 00:43:30,000
You know, he was this
amazingly colourful, handsome...

875
00:43:30,000 --> 00:43:32,520
wonderful uncle.

876
00:43:32,520 --> 00:43:35,520
In his youth,
he'd been like a Hollywood royal.

877
00:43:35,520 --> 00:43:40,000
Edward, as a young man,
was a film star.

878
00:43:40,000 --> 00:43:42,280
He was amazing.

879
00:43:42,280 --> 00:43:43,720
During the First World War,

880
00:43:43,720 --> 00:43:45,880
with a cigarette jauntily stuck
between his lips,

881
00:43:45,880 --> 00:43:47,680
he'd go and visit the troops.

882
00:43:47,680 --> 00:43:49,880
He was incredibly popular.

883
00:43:49,880 --> 00:43:54,120
Everybody I knew and all my friends
just adored him.

884
00:43:54,120 --> 00:43:56,960
He was a very much beloved prince.

885
00:43:58,280 --> 00:44:01,120
But that all changed
when Edward abdicated

886
00:44:01,120 --> 00:44:04,720
to marry American divorcee
Mrs Wallis Simpson.

887
00:44:04,720 --> 00:44:07,040
EDWARD VIII:
I have found it impossible

888
00:44:07,040 --> 00:44:09,880
to carry the heavy burden
of responsibility...

889
00:44:11,680 --> 00:44:17,640
..and to discharge my duties as king
as I would wish to do...

890
00:44:18,720 --> 00:44:24,280
..without the help and support
of the woman I love.

891
00:44:25,560 --> 00:44:27,560
In the years that followed,

892
00:44:27,560 --> 00:44:30,160
the former monarch
became almost a nonperson,

893
00:44:30,160 --> 00:44:32,320
banished
from every official occasion,

894
00:44:32,320 --> 00:44:34,920
in effect, a royal pariah.

895
00:44:34,920 --> 00:44:39,680
Do you have any regrets at all
about not having gone on being king?

896
00:44:39,680 --> 00:44:41,280
No, I would like to have,

897
00:44:41,280 --> 00:44:43,880
but I was going to do it
under my own conditions,

898
00:44:43,880 --> 00:44:46,000
so I do not have any regrets.

899
00:44:47,240 --> 00:44:51,160
He was a close relative.
She must have felt something.

900
00:44:51,160 --> 00:44:53,520
When we got to the stage

901
00:44:53,520 --> 00:44:56,440
that it was going to be over,
and he was going to die,

902
00:44:56,440 --> 00:44:58,120
then I think that is the moment

903
00:44:58,120 --> 00:45:01,000
when an awful lot of people
reconcile.

904
00:45:01,000 --> 00:45:04,160
So on the 18th of May,
to the shock of many,

905
00:45:04,160 --> 00:45:07,880
Queen Elizabeth went to say goodbye
to her uncle.

906
00:45:07,880 --> 00:45:11,120
The Queen escaped from the hectic
round of public engagements

907
00:45:11,120 --> 00:45:13,880
to pay a private visit
to her favourite uncle,

908
00:45:13,880 --> 00:45:15,360
the Duke of Windsor,

909
00:45:15,360 --> 00:45:17,480
at his home
in the outskirts of Paris.

910
00:45:18,800 --> 00:45:21,600
So, when the Queen went to Paris,
you know,

911
00:45:21,600 --> 00:45:24,800
this was against the better
judgement of, say, the Queen Mother,

912
00:45:24,800 --> 00:45:26,720
who really thought
it was the wrong thing to do.

913
00:45:26,720 --> 00:45:28,960
REPORTER: And for
the Duchess of Windsor, too,

914
00:45:28,960 --> 00:45:30,640
it's a significant occasion -

915
00:45:30,640 --> 00:45:33,800
the first time that she's played
hostess to the Queen.

916
00:45:33,800 --> 00:45:35,720
She knew he was dying.

917
00:45:35,720 --> 00:45:39,120
I think she saw him
sort of ten days before he died.

918
00:45:40,320 --> 00:45:43,680
He was very unwell, very frail.

919
00:45:43,680 --> 00:45:47,160
And he bowed, she was the monarch,

920
00:45:47,160 --> 00:45:50,560
and I thought it was
a sad and wonderful moment

921
00:45:50,560 --> 00:45:54,560
for a sad man and a gracious queen.

922
00:45:56,200 --> 00:45:58,400
REPORTER: On this day, of all days,

923
00:45:58,400 --> 00:46:01,360
it's not a time for recrimination
or for sentimentality.

924
00:46:02,600 --> 00:46:04,920
It's a day, rather,
on which we can find it

925
00:46:04,920 --> 00:46:08,280
in our hearts to be grateful
for the devoted service

926
00:46:08,280 --> 00:46:11,000
this man gave to his country
and its Commonwealth

927
00:46:11,000 --> 00:46:15,240
as Prince of Wales
and as King for 25 years.

928
00:46:15,240 --> 00:46:17,000
The Queen
was a very forgiving person,

929
00:46:17,000 --> 00:46:20,760
and I know she wanted
to sort of say goodbye to him.

930
00:46:22,320 --> 00:46:25,240
I'm not sure that the Queen Mother
would ever have gone.

931
00:46:26,680 --> 00:46:29,040
Family politics is one thing...

932
00:46:31,480 --> 00:46:34,120
..but national politics
is quite another.

933
00:46:34,120 --> 00:46:38,040
And in 1972, one of the UK's
largest workforces

934
00:46:38,040 --> 00:46:40,480
stirred up
a countrywide controversy.

935
00:46:41,680 --> 00:46:43,400
For many, many generations,

936
00:46:43,400 --> 00:46:48,360
the miners were the top of the tree
of the industrial worker.

937
00:46:48,360 --> 00:46:52,200
They were very well-paid,
with reason!

938
00:46:52,200 --> 00:46:55,600
800 of our men

939
00:46:55,600 --> 00:47:00,560
die from accidents and dust disease
every year.

940
00:47:00,560 --> 00:47:02,760
Tough job, dangerous job.

941
00:47:02,760 --> 00:47:05,960
Anybody in here knows my husband.

942
00:47:05,960 --> 00:47:08,560
He's got bronchitis
and an enlarged heart,

943
00:47:08,560 --> 00:47:10,480
and he's 58 year old in April.

944
00:47:10,480 --> 00:47:14,280
But by 1972, the danger of mining

945
00:47:14,280 --> 00:47:18,040
was no longer offset by its pay.

946
00:47:18,040 --> 00:47:20,560
REPORTER: The first national
stoppage in the coal industry

947
00:47:20,560 --> 00:47:22,320
since the general strike of...

948
00:47:22,320 --> 00:47:24,760
How much have got there?
£15.10.

949
00:47:24,760 --> 00:47:26,840
£15.10?

950
00:47:26,840 --> 00:47:29,720
What is your job, please?
Cleaning up on the washing.

951
00:47:31,080 --> 00:47:34,360
Their wages had fallen
some way behind inflation,

952
00:47:34,360 --> 00:47:36,840
and the Government
weren't prepared to pay them more.

953
00:47:36,840 --> 00:47:39,040
Negotiations stagnated.

954
00:47:39,040 --> 00:47:44,320
Neither side would compromise, and
in 1972, the situation escalated.

955
00:47:45,560 --> 00:47:48,280
Bear this witness,
strike and strike to the end.

956
00:47:50,040 --> 00:47:53,680
REPORTER: The miners had
not struck nationally for 46 years.

957
00:47:53,680 --> 00:47:56,160
Now they were to take
the Government head-on.

958
00:47:56,160 --> 00:47:58,840
Now, we're prepared to fight
and right t'bitter end.

959
00:47:58,840 --> 00:48:01,040
I've got four kids.
It's gonna be hard for me.

960
00:48:01,040 --> 00:48:03,680
This was the start of the conflict
that would rumble on

961
00:48:03,680 --> 00:48:07,520
through the '70s and into the '80s.

962
00:48:07,520 --> 00:48:10,720
The victory will be ours,
let there be no doubt.

963
00:48:10,720 --> 00:48:12,240
CHEERING

964
00:48:12,240 --> 00:48:15,760
Whatever side you were on,
you felt the bite.

965
00:48:15,760 --> 00:48:17,960
It had a huge effect,
cos of course,

966
00:48:17,960 --> 00:48:20,920
the country's main energy supply
was coal.

967
00:48:22,840 --> 00:48:27,400
And suddenly, you had a sort
of a turmoil, a tremendous movement,

968
00:48:27,400 --> 00:48:30,160
if you like, of industrial unrest.

969
00:48:30,160 --> 00:48:32,160
REPORTER:
The crisis was more critical

970
00:48:32,160 --> 00:48:35,160
than the public or industry
had been led to expect.

971
00:48:36,280 --> 00:48:38,000
So energy became rationed,

972
00:48:38,000 --> 00:48:43,160
as the Government ordered scheduled
power cuts for nine hours at a time.

973
00:48:43,160 --> 00:48:44,960
Just imagine - no heating

974
00:48:44,960 --> 00:48:49,640
when the temperature in January
was dropping to -15.

975
00:48:49,640 --> 00:48:53,520
I can just remember being cold, cos
you couldn't have your heating on.

976
00:48:53,520 --> 00:48:55,440
REPORTER:
The cold weather that's now arrived

977
00:48:55,440 --> 00:48:58,040
may make the situation even worse.

978
00:48:58,040 --> 00:49:00,240
Schools have already
started to close,

979
00:49:00,240 --> 00:49:02,000
including 20
in the Rhondda Valley alone,

980
00:49:02,000 --> 00:49:04,200
and the Coal Board forecasts

981
00:49:04,200 --> 00:49:07,440
that they'll soon be followed
by many more.

982
00:49:07,440 --> 00:49:10,040
It got pretty tough. I mean,
there was a state of emergency.

983
00:49:10,040 --> 00:49:13,720
Out came these oil lamps
from another age,

984
00:49:13,720 --> 00:49:18,800
and everything got a bit Gothic
and a bit sort of mysterious.

985
00:49:18,800 --> 00:49:21,920
My dear mother
had torches everywhere.

986
00:49:21,920 --> 00:49:25,000
Huddling with blankets on,
trying to stay warm,

987
00:49:25,000 --> 00:49:27,400
TV coming off really early.

988
00:49:28,600 --> 00:49:32,400
No heat, no light,
and for many, no income.

989
00:49:32,400 --> 00:49:34,640
It was a desperate time.

990
00:49:34,640 --> 00:49:37,400
It was a different feel
in the country, you know.

991
00:49:37,400 --> 00:49:39,960
This was a very serious situation.

992
00:49:42,280 --> 00:49:43,960
REPORTER:
A number of men were arrested,

993
00:49:43,960 --> 00:49:47,000
and some strikers complained to me
that police had taken away men

994
00:49:47,000 --> 00:49:50,560
who had been behaving
in a perfectly orderly manner.

995
00:49:50,560 --> 00:49:53,160
There were tensions
between miners and police,

996
00:49:53,160 --> 00:49:56,880
but also within divided
and embattled communities.

997
00:49:58,080 --> 00:50:02,760
With sides chosen,
the violent situation escalated.

998
00:50:02,760 --> 00:50:06,040
Came through and hit this
and then under the new fridge.

999
00:50:07,240 --> 00:50:10,720
REPORTER: The Moore family were
grocers who sold coal in the strike.

1000
00:50:10,720 --> 00:50:12,880
What do think about him
selling coal in the strike?

1001
00:50:12,880 --> 00:50:13,840
I think it's a disgrace.

1002
00:50:13,840 --> 00:50:16,520
Do you think he deserved to have a
brick thrown through his window?

1003
00:50:16,520 --> 00:50:18,720
I don't think he deserved
a brick through his window,

1004
00:50:18,720 --> 00:50:20,680
but I don't think it's right
he should sell coal.

1005
00:50:20,680 --> 00:50:23,480
In the middle of a mining estate,
selling coal!

1006
00:50:23,480 --> 00:50:28,240
Increasingly, picket lines
became vicious battle lines.

1007
00:50:28,240 --> 00:50:30,440
REPORTER: Earlier,
there had been clear struggles

1008
00:50:30,440 --> 00:50:32,160
between the police and pickets,

1009
00:50:32,160 --> 00:50:36,520
as the strikers tried to stop
lorries entering and leaving.

1010
00:50:36,520 --> 00:50:38,320
Lorry drivers have switched on
their lights

1011
00:50:38,320 --> 00:50:40,920
and driven straight through
the picket lines, scattering them,

1012
00:50:40,920 --> 00:50:42,640
and this is obviously
terribly dangerous

1013
00:50:42,640 --> 00:50:44,480
and could lead
to people being injured.

1014
00:50:45,800 --> 00:50:49,120
Then that grim prophecy
was tragically realised.

1015
00:50:51,200 --> 00:50:55,440
In February that year,
Freddie Matthews, a miner,

1016
00:50:55,440 --> 00:50:59,200
was killed by a truck
that mounted the pavement.

1017
00:51:01,760 --> 00:51:05,160
With blood spilled,
the Government finally capitulated

1018
00:51:05,160 --> 00:51:08,320
into setting up
an inquiry into miners' pay.

1019
00:51:10,360 --> 00:51:14,400
In a very short space of time,
it was settled...

1020
00:51:14,400 --> 00:51:16,000
with 27%.

1021
00:51:16,000 --> 00:51:18,080
That's a huge increase.

1022
00:51:18,080 --> 00:51:24,360
The percentage voting yes
was no less than 96.5.

1023
00:51:24,360 --> 00:51:26,640
And that's what stopped it.

1024
00:51:26,640 --> 00:51:28,840
The piece-rate workers

1025
00:51:28,840 --> 00:51:33,920
and the men on personal rates
will all receive the full increase.

1026
00:51:33,920 --> 00:51:35,240
CHEERING

1027
00:51:35,240 --> 00:51:38,000
APPLAUSE

1028
00:51:38,000 --> 00:51:41,320
It was the beginning,
it was the first salvo

1029
00:51:41,320 --> 00:51:45,560
in an on-off war
with the government and the miners

1030
00:51:45,560 --> 00:51:49,760
that lasted
the whole of the rest of the decade.

1031
00:51:49,760 --> 00:51:50,760
Coming up...

1032
00:51:50,760 --> 00:51:54,640
We're heading back
into the outrage orbit of 1972,

1033
00:51:54,640 --> 00:51:58,440
as space becomes
our next controversial frontier.

1034
00:51:58,440 --> 00:52:00,440
The Americans plan
to get a man on Mars

1035
00:52:00,440 --> 00:52:04,200
some time between 1985 and 1990,
and I'm sure they'll do it.

1036
00:52:08,720 --> 00:52:13,640
We are lifting off and heading back
to controversial 1972.

1037
00:52:13,640 --> 00:52:18,320
Planet Earth was blue, and space
looked like it held the answers.

1038
00:52:18,320 --> 00:52:22,680
So NASA sent out
a high-tech naked greetings card,

1039
00:52:22,680 --> 00:52:25,360
in the hope of attracting
some alien interest.

1040
00:52:25,360 --> 00:52:27,360
REPORTER:
That's the first picture of man

1041
00:52:27,360 --> 00:52:30,000
that's going outside
our solar system,

1042
00:52:30,000 --> 00:52:33,960
and quite nice to see the man's hand
is raised in a friendly greeting.

1043
00:52:33,960 --> 00:52:36,520
Maybe it's no surprise
no-one's been to visit.

1044
00:52:38,760 --> 00:52:43,360
1972 was also the year that saw
the contentious final chapter

1045
00:52:43,360 --> 00:52:46,400
in a space saga
which had once gripped the planet.

1046
00:52:49,160 --> 00:52:53,120
At 9.53pm local time
on December 6, 1972,

1047
00:52:53,120 --> 00:52:55,320
Apollo 17 lifted off for the moon,

1048
00:52:55,320 --> 00:52:58,840
and for many people
all over the world, a dream ended.

1049
00:52:58,840 --> 00:53:01,600
The first moon landing
three years previously

1050
00:53:01,600 --> 00:53:05,440
was supposed to herald
a golden age of space exploration,

1051
00:53:05,440 --> 00:53:06,600
wasn't it?

1052
00:53:08,640 --> 00:53:13,080
The late '60s, early '70s
Apollo and the moon was everything.

1053
00:53:13,080 --> 00:53:15,680
It was the most exciting thing
going on in the world.

1054
00:53:15,680 --> 00:53:17,080
Well, this is, in fact, you know,

1055
00:53:17,080 --> 00:53:19,880
a design that might well be used on
the moon or for exploring planets,

1056
00:53:19,880 --> 00:53:22,080
you never know what the terrain's
gonna be like.

1057
00:53:22,080 --> 00:53:23,960
The astronauts,
when they first land on the moon,

1058
00:53:23,960 --> 00:53:26,160
they're gonna be there
for about 18 hours,

1059
00:53:26,160 --> 00:53:28,640
and they will be taking measurements
and photographing things

1060
00:53:28,640 --> 00:53:32,160
and also take about 60lb
of moon samples.

1061
00:53:32,160 --> 00:53:33,760
What I remember most was the fact

1062
00:53:33,760 --> 00:53:36,000
that it did seem
to unite the whole planet.

1063
00:53:36,000 --> 00:53:37,800
Everyone seemed to care.

1064
00:53:40,280 --> 00:53:42,480
The Russians really cared.

1065
00:53:42,480 --> 00:53:45,120
They'd been leading the space race
for years.

1066
00:53:45,120 --> 00:53:48,920
In 1957,
Laika became the first dog in space,

1067
00:53:48,920 --> 00:53:54,520
while April 1961 saw their first man
into orbit, Yuri Gagarin.

1068
00:53:54,520 --> 00:53:56,280
The moon was the real prize, though,

1069
00:53:56,280 --> 00:54:01,720
and in May 1961, JFK set out
a challenging, controversial,

1070
00:54:01,720 --> 00:54:04,240
and some thought impossible,
time frame

1071
00:54:04,240 --> 00:54:06,000
to get America there first.

1072
00:54:07,400 --> 00:54:10,240
I believe that this nation
should commit itself

1073
00:54:10,240 --> 00:54:13,960
to achieving the goal
before this decade is out

1074
00:54:13,960 --> 00:54:15,640
of landing a man on the moon

1075
00:54:15,640 --> 00:54:17,760
and returning him safely
to the Earth.

1076
00:54:19,280 --> 00:54:22,880
And in summer 1969...

1077
00:54:22,880 --> 00:54:26,720
Four, three, two, one...

1078
00:54:26,720 --> 00:54:29,080
..JFK's challenge was met.

1079
00:54:29,080 --> 00:54:32,320
Lift off! We have lift off!

1080
00:54:32,320 --> 00:54:35,960
An impossible dream
became incredible reality.

1081
00:54:35,960 --> 00:54:38,280
We actually managed
to land people on the moon,

1082
00:54:38,280 --> 00:54:40,080
which was extraordinary.

1083
00:54:40,080 --> 00:54:42,920
NEIL ARMSTRONG:
Houston, Tranquillity Base here.

1084
00:54:42,920 --> 00:54:44,680
The Eagle has landed.

1085
00:54:44,680 --> 00:54:48,000
I remember the moon landing,
absolutely.

1086
00:54:48,000 --> 00:54:50,680
I'm going to step off the LM now.

1087
00:54:50,680 --> 00:54:52,720
And it was fantastic.

1088
00:54:52,720 --> 00:54:59,600
That's one small step for man...
one giant leap for mankind.

1089
00:55:02,760 --> 00:55:05,800
It was this extraordinary
scientific accomplishment,

1090
00:55:05,800 --> 00:55:09,240
and these astronauts were supermen.

1091
00:55:09,240 --> 00:55:11,640
They were unlike anything
we've ever seen before,

1092
00:55:11,640 --> 00:55:14,840
they were amazing creatures.

1093
00:55:14,840 --> 00:55:19,800
It was a wonderful thing.
Everything is now possible.

1094
00:55:19,800 --> 00:55:23,720
Everybody said,
"Man on Mars within five years?"

1095
00:55:23,720 --> 00:55:25,760
The Americans plan to get
a man on Mars

1096
00:55:25,760 --> 00:55:29,200
some time between 1985 and 1990,
and I'm sure they'll do it.

1097
00:55:29,200 --> 00:55:34,000
If you can put somebody
on the moon... we can do anything.

1098
00:55:35,880 --> 00:55:39,560
But after the Eagle had landed
and the dust had settled,

1099
00:55:39,560 --> 00:55:41,920
everyone asked, "What do we do now?"

1100
00:55:41,920 --> 00:55:45,920
We got there, and it was
a great piece of human ingenuity

1101
00:55:45,920 --> 00:55:48,520
and human endurance, yes,
all of that is true, but, erm...

1102
00:55:48,520 --> 00:55:50,520
well, the moon?

1103
00:55:50,520 --> 00:55:52,720
NEIL ARMSTRONG:
I think we found what we came for.

1104
00:55:52,720 --> 00:55:55,040
They did a bit
of geological research.

1105
00:55:55,040 --> 00:55:57,800
They found what they called
the Genesis Rock.

1106
00:55:57,800 --> 00:56:00,080
ASTRONAUT:
Look at the size of that rock!

1107
00:56:00,080 --> 00:56:03,920
And they could tell from that
that the moon actually comes

1108
00:56:03,920 --> 00:56:08,840
from the same place as the Earth,
so that was valuable information.

1109
00:56:08,840 --> 00:56:10,520
ASTRONAUT:
If we could see to the bottom,

1110
00:56:10,520 --> 00:56:12,400
we can say for sure
if this big black rock

1111
00:56:12,400 --> 00:56:14,600
is right out of the bottom.

1112
00:56:14,600 --> 00:56:16,240
Keep going!

1113
00:56:16,240 --> 00:56:19,400
And then it was like,
"Well, OK, we've been to the moon,

1114
00:56:19,400 --> 00:56:22,560
"we found this interesting rock,
we've been to different bits,

1115
00:56:22,560 --> 00:56:25,960
"we got ourselves a little car
to drive around on the moon."

1116
00:56:25,960 --> 00:56:28,320
ASTRONAUT: He's got about
two wheels on the ground.

1117
00:56:28,320 --> 00:56:31,640
He's a big rooster tail
out of all four wheels,

1118
00:56:31,640 --> 00:56:33,080
and as he turns, he skids.

1119
00:56:33,080 --> 00:56:35,920
The back end breaks loose,
just like on snow.

1120
00:56:35,920 --> 00:56:38,680
Then somebody hit a golf ball,
that was fun.

1121
00:56:39,880 --> 00:56:42,440
ASTRONAUT:
Miles and miles and miles.

1122
00:56:42,440 --> 00:56:45,120
As astronauts tried to find new ways

1123
00:56:45,120 --> 00:56:47,640
to keep viewers back on Earth
interested,

1124
00:56:47,640 --> 00:56:50,920
those viewers started to wonder
if there was a point to it all.

1125
00:56:53,400 --> 00:56:57,760
I think the general public was sold
a bit of a lie, really.

1126
00:56:57,760 --> 00:57:00,200
What we were told at the time was

1127
00:57:00,200 --> 00:57:04,360
that this was about expanding
humankind's frontiers.

1128
00:57:05,560 --> 00:57:08,160
And in the future,
we're all gonna live on moon bases

1129
00:57:08,160 --> 00:57:11,480
and then Mars bases and then, like,
I don't know, Jupiter bases.

1130
00:57:12,760 --> 00:57:15,280
Going to the moon
was never about going to the moon.

1131
00:57:15,280 --> 00:57:18,440
It just seemed
to be an American folly.

1132
00:57:20,080 --> 00:57:24,160
With the Vietnam War raging on
and race riots across the US,

1133
00:57:24,160 --> 00:57:29,200
by 1972, the lunar mission
suddenly became very divisive.

1134
00:57:29,200 --> 00:57:31,600
Sure, like, it's fun to find out
what's going on up there,

1135
00:57:31,600 --> 00:57:34,400
but it's really not that important
to survival, not right now.

1136
00:57:34,400 --> 00:57:38,200
I think people did actually say,
"All this money that we're spending

1137
00:57:38,200 --> 00:57:41,200
"to watch these blokes play golf
on the moon,

1138
00:57:41,200 --> 00:57:43,360
"do you think maybe we could be
spending that money

1139
00:57:43,360 --> 00:57:44,800
"a bit better on Earth?"

1140
00:57:44,800 --> 00:57:46,000
People are starving here,

1141
00:57:46,000 --> 00:57:49,480
and that money could be put to very
good use in improving life here.

1142
00:57:50,960 --> 00:57:54,320
Then we earthlings reacted
in the most damning way -

1143
00:57:54,320 --> 00:57:55,680
by losing interest.

1144
00:57:57,200 --> 00:57:59,600
There is a state of apathy
in the United States now, I guess.

1145
00:57:59,600 --> 00:58:01,360
People just don't care
one way or another.

1146
00:58:02,560 --> 00:58:06,280
Apollo 11, you know, the entire
world is watching the TV.

1147
00:58:06,280 --> 00:58:09,480
Apollo 12, most of the world.

1148
00:58:09,480 --> 00:58:12,440
Got to 13,
it was already getting boring,

1149
00:58:12,440 --> 00:58:15,080
and there was
that famous incident on 13

1150
00:58:15,080 --> 00:58:18,520
where the astronauts
did a science lesson for kids,

1151
00:58:18,520 --> 00:58:20,840
and nobody had the heart
to tell them

1152
00:58:20,840 --> 00:58:22,720
that none of the networks
were screening it,

1153
00:58:22,720 --> 00:58:24,920
so they were doing it
completely in private.

1154
00:58:24,920 --> 00:58:28,080
So interest has absolutely,
you know, dived.

1155
00:58:28,080 --> 00:58:30,680
ASTRONAUT:
Charlie, something happened here.

1156
00:58:30,680 --> 00:58:32,520
Something happened. I don't know.

1157
00:58:33,720 --> 00:58:36,120
And then they stopped.

1158
00:58:36,120 --> 00:58:38,560
CONTROL: Shut down.
Roger, shut down.

1159
00:58:38,560 --> 00:58:41,520
Yes, "shut down" is the phrase.

1160
00:58:41,520 --> 00:58:45,360
In December '72,
Ronald Evans, Eugene Cernan

1161
00:58:45,360 --> 00:58:48,800
and Harrison Schmitt
completed the last Apollo mission.

1162
00:58:50,600 --> 00:58:54,440
EUGENE CERNAN: As I step off
at the surface at Taurus-Littrow,

1163
00:58:54,440 --> 00:58:59,480
I'd like to dedicate
the first step of Apollo 17

1164
00:58:59,480 --> 00:59:02,520
to all those who made it possible.

1165
00:59:02,520 --> 00:59:05,200
To be truthful,
I can't even remember 17.

1166
00:59:05,200 --> 00:59:07,640
It's terrifying how quickly
it became boring cos, you know,

1167
00:59:07,640 --> 00:59:09,480
even now, you look up at the moon
and think,

1168
00:59:09,480 --> 00:59:11,480
"Did people really walk on that?"

1169
00:59:11,480 --> 00:59:15,720
SCHMITT: # I was strolling
On the moon one day

1170
00:59:15,720 --> 00:59:18,600
# In the merry, merry month
Of December... #

1171
00:59:18,600 --> 00:59:20,480
CERNAN: No, May.
# May. #

1172
00:59:21,800 --> 00:59:25,840
The moon was an uninhabited rock
once more.

1173
00:59:25,840 --> 00:59:28,520
We are stopping
in our exploration of the moon...

1174
00:59:29,760 --> 00:59:33,480
..basically because
the United States public

1175
00:59:33,480 --> 00:59:37,720
is tired now of the moon missions.

1176
00:59:37,720 --> 00:59:41,280
That 1972 decision means that,
for now at least,

1177
00:59:41,280 --> 00:59:45,000
humanity's time on the moon
is ancient history.

1178
00:59:45,000 --> 00:59:47,720
Come out here and give me a salute.

1179
00:59:47,720 --> 00:59:51,400
It's quite extraordinary now
that most adults alive

1180
00:59:51,400 --> 00:59:53,360
have no memories of their own.

1181
01:00:01,800 --> 01:00:04,520
So it's now more than 50 years

1182
01:00:04,520 --> 01:00:08,720
since any human being
was on the moon, which is...

1183
01:00:08,720 --> 01:00:10,120
It's almost a lifetime.

1184
01:00:13,560 --> 01:00:17,720
The Apollo missions had promised us
an optimistic vision of the future.

1185
01:00:20,200 --> 01:00:23,560
But a 1972 movie also gave us

1186
01:00:23,560 --> 01:00:25,920
a dystopian version
of things to come,

1187
01:00:25,920 --> 01:00:27,360
and it terrified us.

1188
01:00:29,080 --> 01:00:32,080
In fact,
the fallout from Stanley Kubrick's

1189
01:00:32,080 --> 01:00:34,800
hugely controversial
A Clockwork Orange

1190
01:00:34,800 --> 01:00:38,120
was so great it was kept off
British cinema screens

1191
01:00:38,120 --> 01:00:39,520
for nearly 30 years.

1192
01:00:39,520 --> 01:00:41,400
Right up until the early 2000s,

1193
01:00:41,400 --> 01:00:43,400
you couldn't see
A Clockwork Orange in Britain,

1194
01:00:43,400 --> 01:00:45,120
and I remember being
one of those people

1195
01:00:45,120 --> 01:00:48,160
who went to Paris,
where it was running every day.

1196
01:00:48,160 --> 01:00:50,560
People would literally
make the journey to Paris

1197
01:00:50,560 --> 01:00:51,640
to go and see it.

1198
01:00:51,640 --> 01:00:55,880
Based on Anthony Burgess'
1962 novel,

1199
01:00:55,880 --> 01:00:58,840
the shocking story is told
through the inner monologue

1200
01:00:58,840 --> 01:01:02,160
of young thug Alex
speaking in Nadsat,

1201
01:01:02,160 --> 01:01:05,680
a futuristic language
innovatively created by Burgess.

1202
01:01:05,680 --> 01:01:08,920
'There was me, that is, Alex,

1203
01:01:08,920 --> 01:01:13,640
'and my three droogs,
that is, Pete, Georgie and Dim.

1204
01:01:14,720 --> 01:01:16,640
'And we sat in the Korova Milkbar

1205
01:01:16,640 --> 01:01:20,440
'trying to make up our rassoodocks
what to do with the evening.'

1206
01:01:20,440 --> 01:01:22,640
This is set in a dystopian future,

1207
01:01:22,640 --> 01:01:25,160
where a young man
played by Malcolm McDowell

1208
01:01:25,160 --> 01:01:29,200
is a hooligan who rapes and murders
with his friends,

1209
01:01:29,200 --> 01:01:30,560
egged on by each other.

1210
01:01:31,640 --> 01:01:32,840
Disturbingly,

1211
01:01:32,840 --> 01:01:35,960
Kubrick choreographed the scenes
of nihilistic violence

1212
01:01:35,960 --> 01:01:37,960
with all the elegance of ballet.

1213
01:01:40,600 --> 01:01:42,960
Is it a film
that revels in violence? No.

1214
01:01:42,960 --> 01:01:45,360
It's actually a film
about redemption,

1215
01:01:45,360 --> 01:01:47,960
about personal choice,
about free will.

1216
01:01:47,960 --> 01:01:50,440
It's a very complex tale.

1217
01:01:51,480 --> 01:01:53,440
'And then what do you know?

1218
01:01:53,440 --> 01:01:57,880
'Soon, our dear old friend,
the red, red vino on tap...'

1219
01:01:57,880 --> 01:02:00,840
In one of the most iconic
and notorious scenes,

1220
01:02:00,840 --> 01:02:05,080
Alex is forced to watch violent acts
until he's sickened by them.

1221
01:02:05,080 --> 01:02:07,560
'When it came
to the sixth or seventh malchick

1222
01:02:07,560 --> 01:02:11,000
'leering and smecking
and then going into it,

1223
01:02:11,000 --> 01:02:13,480
'I began to feel really sick.

1224
01:02:14,720 --> 01:02:16,720
'But I could not shut my glazzies.'

1225
01:02:18,880 --> 01:02:21,080
In a 1973 interview,

1226
01:02:21,080 --> 01:02:24,520
Malcolm McDowell
defended the film's brutality.

1227
01:02:24,520 --> 01:02:26,320
I don't think it is pessimistic.

1228
01:02:26,320 --> 01:02:27,840
I think that Burgess -

1229
01:02:27,840 --> 01:02:31,640
who wrote the novel,
let's not forget the writer -

1230
01:02:31,640 --> 01:02:34,760
wrote a novel
about the freedom of man to choose.

1231
01:02:35,800 --> 01:02:37,360
He made it difficult
for the audience

1232
01:02:37,360 --> 01:02:40,120
because he made the main character,
the anti-hero,

1233
01:02:40,120 --> 01:02:41,960
a violent, evil force.

1234
01:02:44,040 --> 01:02:45,600
It's a masterpiece.

1235
01:02:45,600 --> 01:02:48,480
It's an absolutely magnificent bit
of film-making.

1236
01:02:49,520 --> 01:02:53,200
I mean, it's brilliantly directed.
The acting in it is wonderful.

1237
01:02:53,200 --> 01:02:54,480
Watch that.

1238
01:02:55,840 --> 01:02:57,480
Do watch that, O Dim,

1239
01:02:57,480 --> 01:03:01,040
if to continue to be on live
thou dost wish.

1240
01:03:01,040 --> 01:03:04,720
It was amazing.
It really blew you away.

1241
01:03:04,720 --> 01:03:08,200
The idea that it could be
kind of glorified and led

1242
01:03:08,200 --> 01:03:11,360
by a rather attractive young man,

1243
01:03:11,360 --> 01:03:13,640
that really was new,
and it really was shocking.

1244
01:03:13,640 --> 01:03:17,320
'What we were after now
was the old surprise visit.

1245
01:03:17,320 --> 01:03:18,640
'That was a real kick,

1246
01:03:18,640 --> 01:03:22,360
'and good for laughs and lashings
of the old ultraviolent.'

1247
01:03:23,960 --> 01:03:25,800
The tabloids had a field day,

1248
01:03:25,800 --> 01:03:29,040
fearful that the movie's
"old ultraviolent"

1249
01:03:29,040 --> 01:03:31,640
might spill off the screen
and into real life.

1250
01:03:33,720 --> 01:03:37,000
Can you spare some cutter,
me brothers?

1251
01:03:37,000 --> 01:03:39,000
LAUGHTER
Whoa!

1252
01:03:39,000 --> 01:03:40,400
HE MOANS

1253
01:03:40,400 --> 01:03:43,840
Go on.
Do me in, you bastard cowards.

1254
01:03:43,840 --> 01:03:45,720
I don't want to live anyway.

1255
01:03:45,720 --> 01:03:47,080
It was quite easy

1256
01:03:47,080 --> 01:03:50,880
to see how a film like that
could encourage copycat behaviour.

1257
01:03:50,880 --> 01:03:54,840
JEERING,
SCREAMING

1258
01:03:54,840 --> 01:03:58,040
Then the dire predictions
tragically came true,

1259
01:03:58,040 --> 01:04:01,600
when homeless David McManus
was killed.

1260
01:04:01,600 --> 01:04:05,320
There was a murder, which was
described as a copycat murder,

1261
01:04:05,320 --> 01:04:07,360
by a 16 year old.

1262
01:04:07,360 --> 01:04:11,200
INTERVIEWER: After a boy had been
found guilty of murdering a tramp,

1263
01:04:11,200 --> 01:04:13,960
and it had been said in court it was
because of the Clockwork Orange.

1264
01:04:13,960 --> 01:04:15,600
Is there evidence for this,
do you think?

1265
01:04:15,600 --> 01:04:17,840
The violence?
I don't think there's any doubt.

1266
01:04:17,840 --> 01:04:20,800
You don't get learned counsel
making the remarks

1267
01:04:20,800 --> 01:04:23,040
at the trial of this boy that he did

1268
01:04:23,040 --> 01:04:27,600
without him feeling that this is
a justifiable conclusion to draw,

1269
01:04:27,600 --> 01:04:31,040
that these boys
went out and committed a crime

1270
01:04:31,040 --> 01:04:36,080
that was so closely patterned upon
what had been shown

1271
01:04:36,080 --> 01:04:38,760
that you were taking coincidence
too far.

1272
01:04:40,520 --> 01:04:43,160
How much had
16-year-old Richard Palmer

1273
01:04:43,160 --> 01:04:45,200
been influenced by the movie?

1274
01:04:45,200 --> 01:04:48,120
The jury, as they say, is still out.

1275
01:04:48,120 --> 01:04:49,840
He certainly hadn't seen the film.

1276
01:04:49,840 --> 01:04:50,920
It was an 18,

1277
01:04:50,920 --> 01:04:53,080
it was an X, as they were called
back in those days,

1278
01:04:53,080 --> 01:04:54,520
certainly some of them were.

1279
01:04:54,520 --> 01:04:58,240
And it's a really deeply moral book,

1280
01:04:58,240 --> 01:05:01,400
with a language
which draws on Russian and Polish,

1281
01:05:01,400 --> 01:05:03,280
that he invented, called Nadsat.

1282
01:05:03,280 --> 01:05:06,160
I really doubt
that it's the sort of thing

1283
01:05:06,160 --> 01:05:08,480
that actually provokes
the average teenager

1284
01:05:08,480 --> 01:05:11,080
to go out
and commit a heinous crime.

1285
01:05:11,080 --> 01:05:13,760
You've got to put it
much more into the context

1286
01:05:13,760 --> 01:05:18,080
of kind of general hooliganism
in England at that period of time.

1287
01:05:19,120 --> 01:05:21,360
REPORTER:
The gang cult of Clockwork Orange

1288
01:05:21,360 --> 01:05:22,960
is held by some older people

1289
01:05:22,960 --> 01:05:25,520
to represent
all that's worst in the young.

1290
01:05:25,520 --> 01:05:28,600
Tonight, Panorama exposes
the new crime wave.

1291
01:05:28,600 --> 01:05:31,240
Since 1952,
the number of indictable offences

1292
01:05:31,240 --> 01:05:33,520
known to the police
has nearly quadrupled.

1293
01:05:33,520 --> 01:05:36,320
Our number of arrests
has gone up considerably.

1294
01:05:36,320 --> 01:05:39,840
Unfortunately, the more we catch,
there never seems any shortage

1295
01:05:39,840 --> 01:05:42,840
of young people coming up
from the bottom to take their place.

1296
01:05:42,840 --> 01:05:46,040
Many came out in defence
of A Clockwork Orange.

1297
01:05:46,040 --> 01:05:47,760
What it really comes down to

1298
01:05:47,760 --> 01:05:50,600
is how the guy
is being brought up...

1299
01:05:52,000 --> 01:05:54,360
..which boils down to
it's his parents fault, really,

1300
01:05:54,360 --> 01:05:56,880
not the film, because if a guy...

1301
01:05:56,880 --> 01:05:59,320
I mean, I've seen it,
and I come out laughing.

1302
01:05:59,320 --> 01:06:01,480
Hundreds of thousands of people
have seen that film

1303
01:06:01,480 --> 01:06:03,000
and not gone out and hit people.

1304
01:06:04,560 --> 01:06:06,040
But the damage was done.

1305
01:06:06,040 --> 01:06:09,360
For some, it wasn't
about the present crime wave

1306
01:06:09,360 --> 01:06:12,000
but what they believed was to come.

1307
01:06:12,000 --> 01:06:16,480
Films that focus on this
are not focusing life as it is.

1308
01:06:16,480 --> 01:06:19,600
They are influencing
the trend of life as it shall be.

1309
01:06:20,680 --> 01:06:24,600
Malcolm McDowell saw
more personal motives at work.

1310
01:06:24,600 --> 01:06:25,760
Every time a magistrate

1311
01:06:25,760 --> 01:06:28,280
wants to get his name in the papers,
you know, he'll say,

1312
01:06:28,280 --> 01:06:30,640
"This crime is a direct result
of Clockwork Orange".

1313
01:06:32,560 --> 01:06:35,120
The debate over the movie's
influence on violence

1314
01:06:35,120 --> 01:06:36,480
wouldn't go away,

1315
01:06:36,480 --> 01:06:39,480
and A Clockwork Orange
was withdrawn from cinemas.

1316
01:06:40,880 --> 01:06:44,320
Although the ban didn't come
from censors or lawmakers,

1317
01:06:44,320 --> 01:06:49,080
controversially and surprisingly,
it was suggested by Kubrick himself.

1318
01:06:50,320 --> 01:06:52,480
His response was extraordinary.

1319
01:06:52,480 --> 01:06:54,320
Kubrick withdrew the film

1320
01:06:54,320 --> 01:06:57,040
because of some
of the responses to it.

1321
01:06:57,040 --> 01:06:59,880
There were death threats
made to him and his family

1322
01:06:59,880 --> 01:07:01,640
about the showing of the film.

1323
01:07:01,640 --> 01:07:03,200
And so he said, "Well, you know,

1324
01:07:03,200 --> 01:07:06,520
"if that's gonna be the response
of people in the United Kingdom,

1325
01:07:06,520 --> 01:07:07,640
"they can't see it."

1326
01:07:08,720 --> 01:07:12,080
The ban remained in place
for the rest of Kubrick's life.

1327
01:07:12,080 --> 01:07:16,360
Only after his death in 1999
was A Clockwork Orange

1328
01:07:16,360 --> 01:07:18,920
finally allowed
back in British cinemas,

1329
01:07:18,920 --> 01:07:21,600
its power undiminished by time.

1330
01:07:23,080 --> 01:07:29,160
The controversy keeps coming,
and 1972 doesn't pull any punches...

1331
01:07:29,160 --> 01:07:32,760
My mother said, "I won't have
that show on in my house."

1332
01:07:32,760 --> 01:07:35,040
..as religion, race and violence

1333
01:07:35,040 --> 01:07:37,360
are all served up
for our entertainment.

1334
01:07:37,360 --> 01:07:39,640
This would have made Christ vomit.

1335
01:07:44,840 --> 01:07:46,360
We're leaping back

1336
01:07:46,360 --> 01:07:50,000
into the biggest controversies
that shaped 1972.

1337
01:07:51,080 --> 01:07:55,760
In entertainment, you were never far
from a taboo-busting production,

1338
01:07:55,760 --> 01:07:58,800
and in the West End,
a new superstar was born.

1339
01:07:58,800 --> 01:08:02,440
Or should I say
and old superstar was reborn?

1340
01:08:02,440 --> 01:08:06,440
# Jesus Christ, Jesus Christ

1341
01:08:06,440 --> 01:08:10,280
# Who are you?
What have you sacrificed?

1342
01:08:10,280 --> 01:08:11,840
# Jesus Christ... #

1343
01:08:11,840 --> 01:08:14,080
Jesus Christ Superstar!

1344
01:08:14,080 --> 01:08:17,440
# Do you control
What they say you are? #

1345
01:08:17,440 --> 01:08:19,600
I remember going to see it
with my mum...

1346
01:08:19,600 --> 01:08:22,400
# Oh, Jesus... #

1347
01:08:22,400 --> 01:08:23,840
..and thought it was brilliant.

1348
01:08:23,840 --> 01:08:26,000
I was blown away by it.
I thought it was fantastic.

1349
01:08:26,000 --> 01:08:27,840
# Oh, Jesus... #

1350
01:08:27,840 --> 01:08:30,960
Jesus Christ Superstar
is about the ten days

1351
01:08:30,960 --> 01:08:33,840
leading up to the death
of Jesus on the cross.

1352
01:08:37,040 --> 01:08:40,120
The risky
and potentially blasphemous concept

1353
01:08:40,120 --> 01:08:42,480
was the brainchild
of creative double act

1354
01:08:42,480 --> 01:08:44,800
Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice.

1355
01:08:46,200 --> 01:08:49,320
Jesus Christ Superstar
is a musical retelling

1356
01:08:49,320 --> 01:08:52,520
of the story of Jesus Christ,
the story of the New Testament.

1357
01:08:52,520 --> 01:08:56,360
But importantly, it's one
that doesn't really entertain

1358
01:08:56,360 --> 01:08:58,600
the idea of Christ's divinity.

1359
01:08:58,600 --> 01:09:02,000
It's about Christ as a man.
It's about the idea...

1360
01:09:02,000 --> 01:09:04,880
I think Tim Rice said
it was a portrait of Jesus as a man

1361
01:09:04,880 --> 01:09:06,800
in the right place
at the right time.

1362
01:09:08,520 --> 01:09:10,520
And it probably is
the greatest story ever told.

1363
01:09:10,520 --> 01:09:13,000
I mean, everybody in the West
knows that story, don't they?

1364
01:09:14,040 --> 01:09:15,400
Yes, they do.

1365
01:09:15,400 --> 01:09:19,320
But would they accept it told
in a brand-new way for the West End?

1366
01:09:20,600 --> 01:09:23,360
Until that point,
we'd never really had a rock opera.

1367
01:09:24,720 --> 01:09:26,920
We didn't really have
the concept of a rock opera.

1368
01:09:26,920 --> 01:09:29,280
It wasn't really something
anyone had tried to do.

1369
01:09:31,080 --> 01:09:35,320
This was a sung-through,
modern musical

1370
01:09:35,320 --> 01:09:38,560
with no dialogue,
just all sung as an opera.

1371
01:09:39,840 --> 01:09:44,440
A risky proposition,
but on the 9th of August 1972,

1372
01:09:44,440 --> 01:09:48,320
this musical featuring torture,
betrayal and death opened.

1373
01:09:48,320 --> 01:09:52,120
My Fair Lady it wasn't,
and some people weren't happy.

1374
01:09:53,240 --> 01:09:56,560
There were protests
that happened outside theatres.

1375
01:09:57,680 --> 01:10:00,280
We had a lot of people out front,
protesting,

1376
01:10:00,280 --> 01:10:02,120
without seeing it, of course.

1377
01:10:02,120 --> 01:10:06,640
It can be attacked on questions
of taste, artistic taste, I think.

1378
01:10:06,640 --> 01:10:08,440
You know, it's cheap and vulgar.

1379
01:10:08,440 --> 01:10:11,480
People were really against it.
It was picketed. It was boycotted.

1380
01:10:12,600 --> 01:10:15,600
A Christian community leader
issued a statement about it

1381
01:10:15,600 --> 01:10:18,640
which said,
"This would have made Christ vomit."

1382
01:10:18,640 --> 01:10:21,480
It's that sort of language.
"It would have made old Jesus sick."

1383
01:10:22,520 --> 01:10:27,120
Not just one but two
religious groups were up in arms.

1384
01:10:27,120 --> 01:10:31,400
It was lobbied against
by both Christian and Jewish groups.

1385
01:10:31,400 --> 01:10:34,240
The narrative that the Jews
killed Jesus was also in there.

1386
01:10:34,240 --> 01:10:37,440
There was a prominent New York rabbi
called Marc Tanenbaum

1387
01:10:37,440 --> 01:10:39,000
who said it was

1388
01:10:39,000 --> 01:10:44,360
"a witches' brew of antisemitic
and anti-Black venom".

1389
01:10:44,360 --> 01:10:46,760
I don't think he liked it,

1390
01:10:46,760 --> 01:10:50,120
although the show did win
some unexpected fans.

1391
01:10:51,440 --> 01:10:54,360
There were quite a lot of people,
bishops and so on, who were like,

1392
01:10:54,360 --> 01:10:57,240
"You know what?
Actually, we really like this."

1393
01:10:57,240 --> 01:10:59,440
Some suggested it was recruiting

1394
01:10:59,440 --> 01:11:03,200
more young people to the church
than staid Sunday services.

1395
01:11:04,440 --> 01:11:07,360
There is, undoubtedly, in my view,
a movement of the spirit

1396
01:11:07,360 --> 01:11:09,600
because the institutional church

1397
01:11:09,600 --> 01:11:12,480
is so cluttered up
with structures and institutions,

1398
01:11:12,480 --> 01:11:16,280
and people are feeling for
the reality of the person of Christ.

1399
01:11:16,280 --> 01:11:19,680
I don't think
Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice

1400
01:11:19,680 --> 01:11:21,320
were deliberately looking
for trouble.

1401
01:11:21,320 --> 01:11:24,240
I think their intentions
were probably more noble.

1402
01:11:24,240 --> 01:11:26,280
The question that I want to ask,

1403
01:11:26,280 --> 01:11:29,560
is it religious,
or is it just pure entertainment?

1404
01:11:29,560 --> 01:11:31,800
It just tells a very old story

1405
01:11:31,800 --> 01:11:33,800
which has been told
thousands of times before

1406
01:11:33,800 --> 01:11:36,400
and in, you know,
endless different ways.

1407
01:11:36,400 --> 01:11:37,840
It just tells it in a new way,

1408
01:11:37,840 --> 01:11:40,160
and it happens to have got
several very catchy tunes,

1409
01:11:40,160 --> 01:11:41,440
which is why it's done so well.

1410
01:11:41,440 --> 01:11:45,280
Even TV's most unforgiving character

1411
01:11:45,280 --> 01:11:48,440
found himself moved
by the show's finale.

1412
01:11:48,440 --> 01:11:52,800
In the 1972 Till Death Us Do Part
Christmas special,

1413
01:11:52,800 --> 01:11:56,360
Alf Garnett met the Messiah...
kind of.

1414
01:11:56,360 --> 01:12:01,640
Jim Sharman, the director,
staged the crucifixion brilliantly.

1415
01:12:01,640 --> 01:12:07,400
I was taken below stage,
and I was attached to this frame,

1416
01:12:07,400 --> 01:12:10,720
and I was kind of resting
on a kind of a bicycle seat,

1417
01:12:10,720 --> 01:12:12,160
but you couldn't see that.

1418
01:12:12,160 --> 01:12:14,640
And it looked
as if I was hanging in mid-air,

1419
01:12:14,640 --> 01:12:17,360
and the only sound I could hear...

1420
01:12:17,360 --> 01:12:19,640
was the sound
of the audience sobbing.

1421
01:12:21,040 --> 01:12:22,640
Father, forgive them.

1422
01:12:25,160 --> 01:12:27,040
They don't know what they're doing.

1423
01:12:27,040 --> 01:12:29,480
And indeed,
the first time I did that...

1424
01:12:30,600 --> 01:12:31,960
..I began to cry.

1425
01:12:34,320 --> 01:12:37,200
And I think the thing
about that show was that it was done

1426
01:12:37,200 --> 01:12:39,880
with such sincerity
by Tim and Andrew,

1427
01:12:39,880 --> 01:12:44,280
and it means so much
to people in the audience, that...

1428
01:12:45,920 --> 01:12:47,040
..that it's loved.

1429
01:12:47,040 --> 01:12:48,440
Here, look.

1430
01:12:48,440 --> 01:12:51,560
What?
That's him - Jesus.

1431
01:12:51,560 --> 01:12:54,640
And then, of course,
I lit a fag and went to the pub.

1432
01:12:54,640 --> 01:12:56,160
HE LAUGHS

1433
01:12:56,160 --> 01:12:59,080
Does it hurt up there on the cross?

1434
01:12:59,080 --> 01:13:02,120
Well, I'm glad when I can get down.
Yeah, cor blimey.

1435
01:13:02,120 --> 01:13:03,720
That's the best bit in the show,
that is.

1436
01:13:03,720 --> 01:13:06,560
You like that bit, do you?
Oh, yeah, marvellous, that is.

1437
01:13:06,560 --> 01:13:08,840
It was about time
they done a show about him, innit?

1438
01:13:10,040 --> 01:13:12,880
After its stormy start in '72,

1439
01:13:12,880 --> 01:13:17,080
Jesus Christ Superstar is now
big box office across the planet.

1440
01:13:18,600 --> 01:13:21,800
The objections to it
have more or less faded.

1441
01:13:21,800 --> 01:13:24,560
It does get picketed.
It does get boycotted.

1442
01:13:24,560 --> 01:13:27,520
But those reactions
feel much more marginal,

1443
01:13:27,520 --> 01:13:29,400
I think, than they did in the '70s.

1444
01:13:30,400 --> 01:13:32,040
What's interesting with that show

1445
01:13:32,040 --> 01:13:33,960
is as it's travelled
down the decades,

1446
01:13:33,960 --> 01:13:37,240
what started off as being something
that Christians were like,

1447
01:13:37,240 --> 01:13:39,440
"We're not going to see that show.
We're protesting,"

1448
01:13:39,440 --> 01:13:41,480
now it will be a church day out.

1449
01:13:41,480 --> 01:13:44,080
"Ooh, we're gonna go and see
Jesus Christ Superstar

1450
01:13:44,080 --> 01:13:45,160
"at the theatre!"

1451
01:13:51,880 --> 01:13:57,000
1972 was a year when entertainment
and controversy went hand in hand.

1452
01:13:58,280 --> 01:14:01,800
While religion
was being tackled on the stage,

1453
01:14:01,800 --> 01:14:06,480
in April 1972,
a new and still-divisive TV sitcom

1454
01:14:06,480 --> 01:14:09,520
dared to tackle racism head-on.

1455
01:14:09,520 --> 01:14:11,160
I think what happens in the mid-'70s

1456
01:14:11,160 --> 01:14:14,400
is that kind of race
becomes subject matter

1457
01:14:14,400 --> 01:14:18,080
for makers of comedy and sitcoms
in a way that it hadn't been before.

1458
01:14:19,280 --> 01:14:22,040
Back then,
casual racism was widespread

1459
01:14:22,040 --> 01:14:25,280
and widely accepted
in a way that now seems shocking.

1460
01:14:26,560 --> 01:14:30,120
Here's Alf Garnett again,
always ready with a rant.

1461
01:14:31,160 --> 01:14:34,520
£100 million in one year,
costs your health service.

1462
01:14:34,520 --> 01:14:37,440
£100 million increase on it, innit?
So?

1463
01:14:37,440 --> 01:14:39,720
So that's all
your bloody foreigners, innit?

1464
01:14:39,720 --> 01:14:43,400
But then came
an ironically-titled series

1465
01:14:43,400 --> 01:14:45,040
that took things up a level.

1466
01:14:45,040 --> 01:14:49,120
# Love thy neighbour... #

1467
01:14:49,120 --> 01:14:51,320
Love Thy Neighbour
was the one, I suppose,

1468
01:14:51,320 --> 01:14:54,440
that will be for ever more
the benchmark for racist comedy.

1469
01:14:54,440 --> 01:14:57,000
At the time, it was popular -

1470
01:14:57,000 --> 01:15:00,720
17 million people were sitting down
to watch it on a weekly basis.

1471
01:15:02,040 --> 01:15:03,400
As with Alf Garnett,

1472
01:15:03,400 --> 01:15:06,480
Love Thy Neighbour
had an openly racist character

1473
01:15:06,480 --> 01:15:07,880
front and centre.

1474
01:15:07,880 --> 01:15:10,080
Eddie Booth,
played by Jack Smethurst,

1475
01:15:10,080 --> 01:15:11,600
a brilliant comedy actor,

1476
01:15:11,600 --> 01:15:16,520
played the smoker,
beer-swilling racist character.

1477
01:15:16,520 --> 01:15:19,120
A coloured family
have come to live next door,

1478
01:15:19,120 --> 01:15:22,080
and it's up to us
to come to terms with it.

1479
01:15:22,080 --> 01:15:23,080
We'll move.

1480
01:15:24,280 --> 01:15:28,240
This simple set-up played out
as racial conflict week after week.

1481
01:15:29,280 --> 01:15:31,000
Next door, a Black couple

1482
01:15:31,000 --> 01:15:33,880
played by Nina Baden-Semper
and Rudolph Walker...

1483
01:15:33,880 --> 01:15:35,040
We ought to call next door

1484
01:15:35,040 --> 01:15:36,840
and introduce ourselves
to our neighbours.

1485
01:15:36,840 --> 01:15:38,440
Oh, come on,
let's get settled in first.

1486
01:15:38,440 --> 01:15:41,360
I can't help feeling that we are
going to come as a surprise to them.

1487
01:15:41,360 --> 01:15:44,760
If you ask me,
I'd say we'll be more of a shock.

1488
01:15:44,760 --> 01:15:47,880
Today, a sitcom
playing bigotry for laughs

1489
01:15:47,880 --> 01:15:49,440
simply wouldn't get made,

1490
01:15:49,440 --> 01:15:52,160
but back then,
it reflected a reality

1491
01:15:52,160 --> 01:15:55,520
for many viewers
of different ethnicities.

1492
01:15:55,520 --> 01:15:57,560
It was written by Harry Driver
and Vince Powell,

1493
01:15:57,560 --> 01:16:00,640
and in the early 1970s,
Vince Powell told me this story,

1494
01:16:00,640 --> 01:16:03,160
that if a Black family
moved into your neighbourhood,

1495
01:16:03,160 --> 01:16:05,160
the neighbourhood
would be less desirable

1496
01:16:05,160 --> 01:16:07,120
than it would have been
if they weren't there.

1497
01:16:07,120 --> 01:16:08,600
They're a lovely couple,

1498
01:16:08,600 --> 01:16:10,800
two of the nicest people
who you'd wish to meet.

1499
01:16:10,800 --> 01:16:12,600
In fact, I will go as far as to say

1500
01:16:12,600 --> 01:16:14,440
they're the best neighbours
we've ever had.

1501
01:16:14,440 --> 01:16:16,360
Nevertheless,
their presence has reduced

1502
01:16:16,360 --> 01:16:18,960
the asking price of your house
by at least £3,000.

1503
01:16:18,960 --> 01:16:20,560
£3,000!

1504
01:16:20,560 --> 01:16:22,920
That's the way it was, I'm afraid.

1505
01:16:24,280 --> 01:16:26,000
That's why they wrote it.

1506
01:16:26,000 --> 01:16:28,200
They wrote it
because that's the way it was.

1507
01:16:28,200 --> 01:16:30,400
It's a mark of the era
that this series

1508
01:16:30,400 --> 01:16:32,400
was then actually seen
as progressive.

1509
01:16:32,400 --> 01:16:35,320
That tells you a lot about 1972.

1510
01:16:35,320 --> 01:16:39,200
Nina Baden-Semper
is an intelligent, caring woman.

1511
01:16:39,200 --> 01:16:41,920
Would you like a cup of tea, Joan?

1512
01:16:42,960 --> 01:16:45,160
Oh, that'd be very nice, Barbie.

1513
01:16:45,160 --> 01:16:47,320
Well, why don't I show you
the kitchen

1514
01:16:47,320 --> 01:16:49,800
while these two get acquainted.

1515
01:16:49,800 --> 01:16:52,000
Rudolph Walker, playing Bill,

1516
01:16:52,000 --> 01:16:56,760
is a fit, muscular,
attractive, funny,

1517
01:16:56,760 --> 01:16:58,800
charismatic character.

1518
01:16:58,800 --> 01:17:00,320
For the very first time,

1519
01:17:00,320 --> 01:17:04,640
there's a Black guy
and a white guy on par.

1520
01:17:04,640 --> 01:17:05,720
They were equal.

1521
01:17:05,720 --> 01:17:07,920
There were Black faces
on television.

1522
01:17:07,920 --> 01:17:11,920
Not a cabaret singer in blackface
doing Swanee River,

1523
01:17:11,920 --> 01:17:17,160
but a good-looking,
clever, successful couple.

1524
01:17:17,160 --> 01:17:21,160
A leading role in a situation comedy
in Britain in 1972.

1525
01:17:21,160 --> 01:17:22,680
That was a major breakthrough.

1526
01:17:22,680 --> 01:17:26,440
And Rudolph Walker's Bill
gave as good as he got.

1527
01:17:27,640 --> 01:17:29,240
You hit me, I hit you.

1528
01:17:30,280 --> 01:17:33,120
You call me a name,
I answer you back.

1529
01:17:33,120 --> 01:17:36,200
So there was no "Yes, Master.
No, Master. I'm sorry, sir".

1530
01:17:37,760 --> 01:17:38,920
I think in a certain way,

1531
01:17:38,920 --> 01:17:40,720
you can probably watch
Love Thy Neighbour now

1532
01:17:40,720 --> 01:17:42,960
and see it in the sophisticated vein

1533
01:17:42,960 --> 01:17:44,760
in which
it might well have been conceived.

1534
01:17:44,760 --> 01:17:47,880
The Black guy is actually
sort of more conservative,

1535
01:17:47,880 --> 01:17:49,800
and the white guy is left-wing,

1536
01:17:49,800 --> 01:17:51,800
and they're sort of
trading insults at each other.

1537
01:17:51,800 --> 01:17:54,000
You tar-brushed Tory!

1538
01:17:55,400 --> 01:17:57,200
You left-wing layabout!

1539
01:17:58,240 --> 01:18:02,480
But however much the series intended
to expose racism and bigotry,

1540
01:18:02,480 --> 01:18:06,640
for many, it only succeeded
in making a bad situation worse.

1541
01:18:08,440 --> 01:18:10,160
Your kids are listening to it.

1542
01:18:10,160 --> 01:18:11,960
We're all listening to this
for half an hour.

1543
01:18:11,960 --> 01:18:14,160
And, yes, oh,
he gets a little payoff at the end,

1544
01:18:14,160 --> 01:18:17,000
but we've had to suffer
half an hour of racism.

1545
01:18:17,000 --> 01:18:19,000
My mother heard
the theme tune one night,

1546
01:18:19,000 --> 01:18:20,320
when I used to watch, you know,

1547
01:18:20,320 --> 01:18:22,520
whatever was on after the show
I was allowed to watch.

1548
01:18:22,520 --> 01:18:24,720
And she came running
into the living room, and she said,

1549
01:18:24,720 --> 01:18:27,240
"I won't have that show
on in my house. Turn it off."

1550
01:18:27,240 --> 01:18:30,280
Because the language of it
was horrific.

1551
01:18:30,280 --> 01:18:32,640
People don't realise
how much you can be affected

1552
01:18:32,640 --> 01:18:34,000
by what you see on TV.

1553
01:18:34,000 --> 01:18:36,440
And that can go on to a bigger level

1554
01:18:36,440 --> 01:18:39,080
outside of the television
into the streets,

1555
01:18:39,080 --> 01:18:41,640
you know,
and it can create more conflict.

1556
01:18:41,640 --> 01:18:44,000
They start calling names,
and these kids think,

1557
01:18:44,000 --> 01:18:45,480
"Oh, it's nothing," and they do it,

1558
01:18:45,480 --> 01:18:48,040
but they don't know
how offensive it is.

1559
01:18:48,040 --> 01:18:51,440
I still have this visceral anxiety
in my stomach

1560
01:18:51,440 --> 01:18:54,480
when I remember
how my mother hated that show.

1561
01:18:54,480 --> 01:19:00,120
It's impossible to take those shows
out of the way audiences took them.

1562
01:19:00,120 --> 01:19:03,280
In the end, it's always
about the harm that's caused.

1563
01:19:03,280 --> 01:19:04,640
No-one can get around that.

1564
01:19:08,880 --> 01:19:13,200
In 1972, rather than race,
the writers of one comedy show

1565
01:19:13,200 --> 01:19:17,160
decided to mine extreme violence
for laughs.

1566
01:19:17,160 --> 01:19:19,760
They'd been breaking barriers
since the late '60s.

1567
01:19:19,760 --> 01:19:22,320
Now they were going
to burn them down.

1568
01:19:22,320 --> 01:19:26,200
Monty Python's Flying Circus
was already a British institution.

1569
01:19:27,920 --> 01:19:30,080
Right, you two hermits,
stop that sketch.

1570
01:19:30,080 --> 01:19:31,440
I think it's silly.

1571
01:19:31,440 --> 01:19:33,600
Sketches like the dead parrot...

1572
01:19:33,600 --> 01:19:35,760
Hello, Polly!

1573
01:19:35,760 --> 01:19:38,000
..and the Ministry of Silly Walks...

1574
01:19:40,240 --> 01:19:43,320
..were ground-breaking
instant classics.

1575
01:19:43,320 --> 01:19:44,800
But where to go next?

1576
01:19:44,800 --> 01:19:49,080
Autumn 1972 saw the Pythons
back with a new series.

1577
01:19:49,080 --> 01:19:53,880
They'd done two series already,
and now they were really exploring

1578
01:19:53,880 --> 01:19:57,480
in their third series
how they could go right out

1579
01:19:57,480 --> 01:20:00,800
because they had an audience
that was so devoted and loved them

1580
01:20:00,800 --> 01:20:02,760
and knew what to expect.

1581
01:20:02,760 --> 01:20:06,480
But nobody expected either
the Spanish Inquisition

1582
01:20:06,480 --> 01:20:10,400
or what was coming in series three,
episode seven.

1583
01:20:10,400 --> 01:20:14,400
A shocking sketch with a title
that told those in the know

1584
01:20:14,400 --> 01:20:18,440
what was in store -
Sam Peckinpah's Salad Days.

1585
01:20:18,440 --> 01:20:21,560
They take a very British,
very twee summertime,

1586
01:20:21,560 --> 01:20:24,080
I mean,
it's called Salad Days, the musical.

1587
01:20:24,080 --> 01:20:26,520
Oh, look, Jane, people coming.

1588
01:20:26,520 --> 01:20:27,920
Some context -

1589
01:20:27,920 --> 01:20:30,400
since the '50s,
the musical Salad Days

1590
01:20:30,400 --> 01:20:33,880
had epitomised
quintessential Englishness,

1591
01:20:33,880 --> 01:20:36,880
as seen in this documentary
about a local village production.

1592
01:20:38,160 --> 01:20:40,640
Very jolly, kind of, you know,

1593
01:20:40,640 --> 01:20:44,640
a very British kind of picnic
that you could possibly go

1594
01:20:44,640 --> 01:20:46,880
and have the best time,
and everyone is OK,

1595
01:20:46,880 --> 01:20:48,240
they've all got lots of money,

1596
01:20:48,240 --> 01:20:50,120
and they're all very posh
and very happy.

1597
01:20:50,120 --> 01:20:53,520
Oh, for me?

1598
01:20:53,520 --> 01:20:55,840
Hello there. Hello there.
How are you? You know?

1599
01:20:55,840 --> 01:20:59,600
OK, so that's twee,
uncontroversial Salad Days,

1600
01:20:59,600 --> 01:21:02,400
which the Pythons
were about to reimagine

1601
01:21:02,400 --> 01:21:05,200
in the style
of a notorious US film-maker.

1602
01:21:05,200 --> 01:21:07,040
Sam Peckinpah
was an American director

1603
01:21:07,040 --> 01:21:09,120
who'd made two particular movies.

1604
01:21:09,120 --> 01:21:12,200
One called The Wild Bunch,
about American cowboys,

1605
01:21:12,200 --> 01:21:15,880
and one called Straw Dogs,
about Satanic cults.

1606
01:21:15,880 --> 01:21:19,400
And he'd become famous
for ladling on the gore.

1607
01:21:19,400 --> 01:21:23,240
Does it worry you that
in the public mind your work is...

1608
01:21:23,240 --> 01:21:26,360
synonymous with excessive
and very explicit violence?

1609
01:21:26,360 --> 01:21:28,280
That you are in fact known
as "Bloody Sam".

1610
01:21:30,120 --> 01:21:32,760
GUNFIRE

1611
01:21:35,400 --> 01:21:36,800
You know, when somebody got shot,

1612
01:21:36,800 --> 01:21:38,760
I mean,
it literally spurted blood out.

1613
01:21:47,080 --> 01:21:49,360
Can you see where this is heading?

1614
01:21:49,360 --> 01:21:53,120
The dressing on Python's salad
would be controversial.

1615
01:21:53,120 --> 01:21:54,680
While I'm on the subject
of westerns,

1616
01:21:54,680 --> 01:21:58,120
I want to take a closer look at one
of my favourite film directors.

1617
01:21:58,120 --> 01:22:02,120
Only the Pythons would think
of mixing Salad Days...

1618
01:22:02,120 --> 01:22:04,960
In his latest film,
Peckinpah has moved into the calmer

1619
01:22:04,960 --> 01:22:08,720
and more lyrical waters
of Julian Slade's Salad Days.

1620
01:22:08,720 --> 01:22:11,240
..with Sam Peckinpah.

1621
01:22:11,240 --> 01:22:14,200
Hello, everybody.
ALL: Hello, Lionel!

1622
01:22:14,200 --> 01:22:17,680
I say, what a simply super day!

1623
01:22:17,680 --> 01:22:22,480
ALL: Gosh, yes!
It's so, you know, sunny!

1624
01:22:22,480 --> 01:22:23,720
Yes, isn't it?

1625
01:22:23,720 --> 01:22:27,440
It is the best combination.

1626
01:22:27,440 --> 01:22:29,040
Anyone for tennis?

1627
01:22:29,040 --> 01:22:32,040
Oh, super!
What fun!

1628
01:22:32,040 --> 01:22:35,480
It's so unexpected
when all of a sudden it starts,

1629
01:22:35,480 --> 01:22:37,800
that you're, like,
"What am I watching?"

1630
01:22:37,800 --> 01:22:41,000
I say, Lionel, catch!

1631
01:22:41,000 --> 01:22:43,280
Suddenly,
this sort of horror comes in.

1632
01:22:43,280 --> 01:22:44,720
Argh!

1633
01:22:46,640 --> 01:22:50,520
He throws the tennis racket aside
and it cuts the woman in half.

1634
01:22:50,520 --> 01:22:52,680
Crikey!

1635
01:22:52,680 --> 01:22:54,520
The blunt end goes in and...

1636
01:22:54,520 --> 01:22:56,680
THEY LAUGH

1637
01:22:56,680 --> 01:22:59,040
..there's blood spurting everywhere.

1638
01:23:00,440 --> 01:23:03,240
He shut the thing on the piano
on Cleese's arms,

1639
01:23:03,240 --> 01:23:06,200
and that was all done for real.
This isn't CGI, this is literally...

1640
01:23:06,200 --> 01:23:07,960
tomato ketchup coming out.

1641
01:23:10,680 --> 01:23:14,200
Everyone is drenched
in this hideous blood.

1642
01:23:14,200 --> 01:23:16,040
We'd watched it on
a black and white telly,

1643
01:23:16,040 --> 01:23:18,840
and it was years later
that I saw it in colour.

1644
01:23:19,960 --> 01:23:24,440
The excessive nature of it
was just pure Sam Peckinpah.

1645
01:23:25,640 --> 01:23:27,320
Pretty strong ME there from...

1646
01:23:27,320 --> 01:23:29,360
HE SNIFFS
..Sam Peckinpah.

1647
01:23:29,360 --> 01:23:31,320
They were taking the piss
out of the film critic

1648
01:23:31,320 --> 01:23:33,280
more than the film director.

1649
01:23:33,280 --> 01:23:36,840
Cos there is that sniffy film critic
who introduces it, Eric Idle,

1650
01:23:36,840 --> 01:23:39,680
and then at the end,
he gets machine-gunned.

1651
01:23:43,040 --> 01:23:47,360
The sketch caused an offence
bloodbath in the BBC mailroom.

1652
01:23:47,360 --> 01:23:51,760
There was an absolute outcry about
"This should not be on television."

1653
01:23:51,760 --> 01:23:53,480
The Wild Bunch movie was X-rated

1654
01:23:53,480 --> 01:23:56,880
and that was bad enough,
and this was worse.

1655
01:23:56,880 --> 01:23:58,640
And even some that did get
the Python joke

1656
01:23:58,640 --> 01:24:00,160
thought they'd gone too far
this time.

1657
01:24:01,280 --> 01:24:03,600
But the Pythons knew
what they were doing

1658
01:24:03,600 --> 01:24:05,480
and the reaction it would cause.

1659
01:24:10,720 --> 01:24:12,480
They knew what was gonna happen,

1660
01:24:12,480 --> 01:24:15,600
so they do this parody apology
about the BBC, and you know,

1661
01:24:15,600 --> 01:24:17,800
BBC Two is going through
a difficult time.

1662
01:24:27,440 --> 01:24:30,320
Salad Days is such a fabulous thing,

1663
01:24:30,320 --> 01:24:33,880
and it was one I watched with
my parents, and they were just...

1664
01:24:33,880 --> 01:24:37,360
the race to get up and turn it off
was... was fabulous.

1665
01:24:37,360 --> 01:24:42,400
Coming up, Marlon Brando in
his most controversial movie role,

1666
01:24:42,400 --> 01:24:48,240
with one scene buttering us all up
for a big dose of outrage.

1667
01:24:48,240 --> 01:24:51,800
It's very uncomfortable,
horrible sex.

1668
01:24:58,560 --> 01:25:01,080
We're revisiting the controversies

1669
01:25:01,080 --> 01:25:03,800
that had us all in a spin in 1972.

1670
01:25:06,000 --> 01:25:09,480
It was a year when
the sexual revolution of the 1960s

1671
01:25:09,480 --> 01:25:13,840
seemed to fast forward
into '70s supercharge.

1672
01:25:15,080 --> 01:25:17,320
First published in 1972,

1673
01:25:17,320 --> 01:25:21,640
The Joy Of Sex, penned by
British scientist Alex Comfort,

1674
01:25:21,640 --> 01:25:25,960
was an illustrated sex manual
that became an immediate bestseller.

1675
01:25:25,960 --> 01:25:30,920
And in the half a century since
has shifted over 12 million copies.

1676
01:25:30,920 --> 01:25:34,240
The Joy Of Sex, at the time,
was revelatory

1677
01:25:34,240 --> 01:25:36,960
because it put two words together
that hadn't been joined

1678
01:25:36,960 --> 01:25:39,920
except in the privacy
of possibly your bedroom.

1679
01:25:39,920 --> 01:25:41,560
"Joy" and "sex" together.

1680
01:25:41,560 --> 01:25:45,880
Up until the '70s,
nobody talked about sex.

1681
01:25:45,880 --> 01:25:49,240
You certainly didn't talk about
how to please your partner.

1682
01:25:49,240 --> 01:25:51,800
These were all things
that were a bit swept under,

1683
01:25:51,800 --> 01:25:53,480
they were behind closed doors.

1684
01:25:53,480 --> 01:25:57,120
Up until the '70s, it was all
a bit austere and straitlaced,

1685
01:25:57,120 --> 01:26:00,480
and a bit, you know...
considered dirty.

1686
01:26:00,480 --> 01:26:02,720
A bit Victorian, shall we say?

1687
01:26:02,720 --> 01:26:05,800
And then The Joy Of Sex came along,
and sort of,

1688
01:26:05,800 --> 01:26:08,640
it was like a modern day Kama Sutra,
and it just opened out

1689
01:26:08,640 --> 01:26:12,480
the whole conversation,
which I think was really important.

1690
01:26:12,480 --> 01:26:15,320
I had a Saturday job in Smith's,

1691
01:26:15,320 --> 01:26:19,560
and I used to pick up a copy of it
and look at it from time to time,

1692
01:26:19,560 --> 01:26:22,360
and, erm, frankly,
beards will never be the same.

1693
01:26:22,360 --> 01:26:23,960
They will just never be the same.

1694
01:26:23,960 --> 01:26:26,280
Honestly, maybe I will buy a copy
for my children

1695
01:26:26,280 --> 01:26:28,680
when they come of age
and get boyfriends and girlfriends,

1696
01:26:28,680 --> 01:26:31,360
because I'd rather
that they looked at The Joy Of Sex

1697
01:26:31,360 --> 01:26:33,480
than looked at, you know, Pornhub.

1698
01:26:34,520 --> 01:26:36,840
I bet it's one of those books
that everybody's parents

1699
01:26:36,840 --> 01:26:40,480
had a copy of that you'd probably
find in their middle drawer.

1700
01:26:40,480 --> 01:26:42,800
I'm speaking on behalf of a friend.

1701
01:26:48,040 --> 01:26:51,800
1972 was also the year
that an arthouse movie release

1702
01:26:51,800 --> 01:26:56,200
from acclaimed director
Bernardo Bertolucci packed cinemas

1703
01:26:56,200 --> 01:26:58,080
and sparked outrage.

1704
01:26:59,960 --> 01:27:02,880
Last Tango In Paris
is good box office.

1705
01:27:02,880 --> 01:27:07,400
One London cinema took £600,000
during its year-long run.

1706
01:27:07,400 --> 01:27:12,840
It's a great example of how
what 1972 found controversial

1707
01:27:12,840 --> 01:27:16,640
is quite different from
what makes it shocking to us today.

1708
01:27:16,640 --> 01:27:20,080
Last Tango In Paris is about
a kind of liaison,

1709
01:27:20,080 --> 01:27:25,160
a kind of union between
an incredibly depressed man,

1710
01:27:25,160 --> 01:27:27,680
played by Marlon Brando...

1711
01:27:30,120 --> 01:27:33,880
..and this actress,
who sort of wanders into this flat,

1712
01:27:33,880 --> 01:27:36,280
played by Maria Scheider.

1713
01:27:36,280 --> 01:27:37,800
SHE SPEAKS FRENCH

1714
01:27:37,800 --> 01:27:42,200
It is about a man who decides
to have an affair with a woman

1715
01:27:42,200 --> 01:27:44,080
without knowing anything about her.

1716
01:27:45,520 --> 01:27:48,280
I don't know what to call you.
I don't have a name.

1717
01:27:49,680 --> 01:27:51,960
You want to know my name?
No, no! I don't...

1718
01:27:51,960 --> 01:27:53,760
I don't wanna know your name.

1719
01:27:53,760 --> 01:27:56,960
The focus of it was just graphic sex

1720
01:27:56,960 --> 01:28:01,600
involving a quite unattractive
older man, at that point,

1721
01:28:01,600 --> 01:28:04,160
with a really young woman.

1722
01:28:04,160 --> 01:28:05,640
I mean,
she's barely out of her teens.

1723
01:28:05,640 --> 01:28:08,400
SHE GASPS AND MOANS

1724
01:28:08,400 --> 01:28:11,520
They have this intense and brutal

1725
01:28:11,520 --> 01:28:15,200
and not entirely consensual
sexual relationship.

1726
01:28:16,760 --> 01:28:18,040
This is not a pretty film.

1727
01:28:18,040 --> 01:28:20,040
No, it is not.

1728
01:28:20,040 --> 01:28:21,840
I give you exhibit A -

1729
01:28:21,840 --> 01:28:25,880
a sexual act in which Brando
charmingly suggests...

1730
01:28:25,880 --> 01:28:28,920
I'm gonna get a pig...
and I'm gonna...

1731
01:28:28,920 --> 01:28:30,400
I'm gonna have the pig...

1732
01:28:31,560 --> 01:28:34,520
That's quite enough of that,
thank you.

1733
01:28:34,520 --> 01:28:40,240
It was... like,
impenetrable arthouse movie

1734
01:28:40,240 --> 01:28:43,360
which I never would have wanted
to watch...

1735
01:28:43,360 --> 01:28:46,560
Are you gonna do all of that for me?
Yes, and more than that.

1736
01:28:46,560 --> 01:28:48,040
And worse.

1737
01:28:48,040 --> 01:28:50,960
..but watched because of the sex.

1738
01:28:50,960 --> 01:28:53,280
I remember us watching
and being bored

1739
01:28:53,280 --> 01:28:54,960
and just waiting for the sex,

1740
01:28:54,960 --> 01:28:58,360
and then, to our horror,
it's not sexy sex,

1741
01:28:58,360 --> 01:29:02,360
it's very uncomfortable,
horrible sex.

1742
01:29:02,360 --> 01:29:06,880
But as we all know, sex sells,
and audiences came flocking,

1743
01:29:06,880 --> 01:29:09,160
queueing around the block
to see for themselves

1744
01:29:09,160 --> 01:29:11,120
what all the fuss was about.

1745
01:29:11,120 --> 01:29:15,720
The film grossed
over $36 million worldwide.

1746
01:29:15,720 --> 01:29:18,440
REPORTER: Last Tango In Paris
still plays to full houses

1747
01:29:18,440 --> 01:29:19,960
in the West End.

1748
01:29:19,960 --> 01:29:22,880
It's rated as one of the top ten
money-spinners of the year.

1749
01:29:22,880 --> 01:29:28,080
Part of that was due to
a perceived air of respectability.

1750
01:29:28,080 --> 01:29:30,880
It was received very well
by the film critics.

1751
01:29:30,880 --> 01:29:32,800
For the first time,
ladies and gentlemen,

1752
01:29:32,800 --> 01:29:35,840
before your very eyes,
a man and woman actually at it.

1753
01:29:35,840 --> 01:29:38,240
Or at least for the first time
with meaning and sincerity

1754
01:29:38,240 --> 01:29:40,760
and tragic significance,
but this is art.

1755
01:29:40,760 --> 01:29:43,160
This is the ultimate truth.

1756
01:29:43,160 --> 01:29:47,400
It seemed very European,
and it seemed a bit arty.

1757
01:29:47,400 --> 01:29:50,040
In the early '70s,
there is something about seeing sex

1758
01:29:50,040 --> 01:29:53,880
performed on camera
as somehow being sophisticated.

1759
01:29:53,880 --> 01:29:57,360
There was a sense of freedom
about life

1760
01:29:57,360 --> 01:29:59,560
and that there was
a change happening.

1761
01:29:59,560 --> 01:30:03,360
And that we had got to be a bit
cooler about the human form and...

1762
01:30:03,360 --> 01:30:06,760
nudity, and, like, great,
bring it on!

1763
01:30:06,760 --> 01:30:09,480
You know, at 14, 15, yeah,
more nudity, please.

1764
01:30:09,480 --> 01:30:12,840
But remember, this was 1972,

1765
01:30:12,840 --> 01:30:16,720
so not everyone welcomed
arty free love.

1766
01:30:16,720 --> 01:30:18,040
The controversy at the time

1767
01:30:18,040 --> 01:30:21,440
was just how much graphic sex
there was.

1768
01:30:21,440 --> 01:30:26,640
So was it a blue movie,
an art movie or just a bad movie?

1769
01:30:26,640 --> 01:30:31,000
Anti-porn campaigner Lord Longford
wanted to find out for himself,

1770
01:30:31,000 --> 01:30:33,200
for professional reasons.

1771
01:30:33,200 --> 01:30:36,440
Longford, can you tell us
why you came to see this film?

1772
01:30:36,440 --> 01:30:39,600
Yes, because if you criticise
this kind of thing,

1773
01:30:39,600 --> 01:30:41,200
you've got to see it.

1774
01:30:41,200 --> 01:30:44,200
Well, you've seen it,
what do you think of it? Not much.

1775
01:30:44,200 --> 01:30:48,400
Was it as bad as you thought
it was gonna be? Just about, yes.

1776
01:30:48,400 --> 01:30:50,800
There were tabloid stories that said

1777
01:30:50,800 --> 01:30:52,600
"This film is gonna make the market

1778
01:30:52,600 --> 01:30:57,680
"in backstreet pornography
irrelevant, it's so obscene."

1779
01:30:57,680 --> 01:31:00,320
Now, a lot of people are going to
find a lot of this film offensive.

1780
01:31:00,320 --> 01:31:06,080
TRANSLATION: I don't think
I need justify myself for anything.

1781
01:31:06,080 --> 01:31:08,680
Because I believe that the life
we all lead

1782
01:31:08,680 --> 01:31:11,080
is much more cruel
and much more crude

1783
01:31:11,080 --> 01:31:13,680
than anything that we see
in my film.

1784
01:31:16,840 --> 01:31:19,520
Sex on screen
is no longer controversial,

1785
01:31:19,520 --> 01:31:21,160
but 50 years on,

1786
01:31:21,160 --> 01:31:24,480
one moment in this film
remains especially shocking.

1787
01:31:24,480 --> 01:31:26,240
There is a scene involving butter.

1788
01:31:26,240 --> 01:31:27,840
Go get the butter.

1789
01:31:27,840 --> 01:31:30,160
I have to hurry,
I have a cab downstair, waiting.

1790
01:31:30,160 --> 01:31:32,000
Go get the butter.

1791
01:31:32,000 --> 01:31:34,280
The on-screen action
is disturbing enough,

1792
01:31:34,280 --> 01:31:36,440
but when you know what happened
off-screen,

1793
01:31:36,440 --> 01:31:39,000
it becomes even more problematic.

1794
01:31:39,000 --> 01:31:41,040
Increasingly,
as the years have worn on,

1795
01:31:41,040 --> 01:31:44,200
I think people are more concerned
with what was actually going on

1796
01:31:44,200 --> 01:31:47,280
in terms of consent on the set.

1797
01:31:47,280 --> 01:31:50,120
She was not told about
what was going to happen,

1798
01:31:50,120 --> 01:31:53,840
she was not told about the use
of butter, which is gross

1799
01:31:53,840 --> 01:31:56,720
and probably quite frightening
for her.

1800
01:31:56,720 --> 01:31:59,840
Afterwards,
in subsequent interviews,

1801
01:31:59,840 --> 01:32:04,080
the director has confessed that
they never told her what happened.

1802
01:32:04,080 --> 01:32:07,520
Saying, "I wanted her to react
as a young girl,

1803
01:32:07,520 --> 01:32:09,840
"not as an actress
who knew what was coming."

1804
01:32:09,840 --> 01:32:11,760
We didn't tell her.

1805
01:32:11,760 --> 01:32:14,240
And that, er...

1806
01:32:14,240 --> 01:32:17,160
There was that detail of...

1807
01:32:18,560 --> 01:32:21,840
..er, the butter
used as a lubricant.

1808
01:32:23,160 --> 01:32:29,480
Erm... And I still feel
very guilty for that.

1809
01:32:29,480 --> 01:32:33,360
Do you regret the fact that
you have shot a scene like you did?

1810
01:32:34,880 --> 01:32:38,000
No. But I feel guilty.

1811
01:32:38,000 --> 01:32:44,680
I didn't want Maria to act
her humiliation, her rage,

1812
01:32:44,680 --> 01:32:50,520
I wanted Maria to feel not right,
the rage and the humiliation.

1813
01:32:52,080 --> 01:32:56,040
But Maria suffered genuine
humiliation, leading to depression,

1814
01:32:56,040 --> 01:32:58,240
a suicide attempt
and drug addiction.

1815
01:32:58,240 --> 01:33:01,840
This wasn't method acting.

1816
01:33:01,840 --> 01:33:03,560
It appeared to affect
her dramatically

1817
01:33:03,560 --> 01:33:06,400
for the rest of her life,
while her co-star and her director

1818
01:33:06,400 --> 01:33:08,680
went on to bigger things
and more money.

1819
01:33:10,000 --> 01:33:12,480
Yes, it might have been technically
an arthouse film,

1820
01:33:12,480 --> 01:33:16,480
but actually, it was abuse,
and I think that tells you something

1821
01:33:16,480 --> 01:33:19,360
about what was masquerading
as arthouse entertainment

1822
01:33:19,360 --> 01:33:20,920
in that period.