1
00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:05,200
It's 1988...
That is crazy.

2
00:00:05,200 --> 00:00:07,500
..when acid dropped on the UK.

3
00:00:07,500 --> 00:00:11,460
"All right, mate?"
"Yeah, good here, innit!"

4
00:00:11,460 --> 00:00:13,600
Scandals got very juicy.

5
00:00:13,600 --> 00:00:15,840
Cocaine and sex parties.

6
00:00:15,840 --> 00:00:18,560
And gangsters came out of Compton.
We, like,

7
00:00:18,560 --> 00:00:21,000
slapped everybody in the face
and said, "Yo, listen to this."

8
00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:23,440
Our small screens saw big changes.

9
00:00:23,440 --> 00:00:26,640
Thunderbolt, lightning, flash,
fancy graphics.

10
00:00:26,640 --> 00:00:29,080
Our future king was seconds
from death.

11
00:00:29,080 --> 00:00:30,840
The Prince of Wales
was actually crying

12
00:00:30,840 --> 00:00:33,040
when they got him into
the helicopter.

13
00:00:33,040 --> 00:00:35,680
And the novel ignited mayhem.

14
00:00:35,680 --> 00:00:40,520
Suddenly, I saw other British agents
on TV burning books.

15
00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:43,880
Strap in for two hours
of astonishing events...

16
00:00:43,880 --> 00:00:45,280
I can't believe it.

17
00:00:45,280 --> 00:00:47,680
..that will have your jaws
hitting the floor.

18
00:00:47,680 --> 00:00:51,560
One of the craziest episodes
in the history of television news.

19
00:00:51,560 --> 00:00:54,160
Six million people
stopped buying eggs,

20
00:00:54,160 --> 00:00:55,560
which was quite an impact.

21
00:00:55,560 --> 00:00:59,760
It just seems like
a recipe for disaster.

22
00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:03,160
Desperate drinkers got good news.

23
00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:06,640
You couldn't buy alcohol anywhere
out of hours.

24
00:01:06,640 --> 00:01:08,640
BBC news became a battle ground.

25
00:01:08,640 --> 00:01:12,280
I'm afraid that
we have rather been invaded.

26
00:01:12,280 --> 00:01:14,480
And cold warriors got less frosty.

27
00:01:14,480 --> 00:01:18,440
Things you just didn't think would
ever happen all sort of happened.

28
00:01:18,440 --> 00:01:22,520
These are the most
extraordinary events in TV, music,

29
00:01:22,520 --> 00:01:27,040
entertainment and politics
that were Controversially... 1988.

30
00:01:33,880 --> 00:01:36,920
In a year
when it was all about the money,

31
00:01:36,920 --> 00:01:41,400
the average
UK house price neared 60,000.

32
00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:44,720
And free enterprise loving Mrs T

33
00:01:44,720 --> 00:01:47,600
became the century's
longest-serving PM.

34
00:01:49,160 --> 00:01:52,720
One controversial comedy character
spawned in 1988

35
00:01:52,720 --> 00:01:55,040
reflected the age
better than any other.

36
00:01:56,320 --> 00:01:59,440
Loadsamoney!

37
00:02:01,360 --> 00:02:05,560
His catchphrase was also his name -
clever, eh?

38
00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:07,280
Loadsamoney!

39
00:02:07,280 --> 00:02:09,680
His character was greedy,

40
00:02:09,680 --> 00:02:16,400
cynical, self-interested,
really crude, really obnoxious guy

41
00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:18,320
that just wants to get rich.

42
00:02:18,320 --> 00:02:23,120
What's that, then? What is that?!
Look at that!

43
00:02:23,120 --> 00:02:25,280
I'll tell you what that is, right.

44
00:02:25,280 --> 00:02:28,280
That is loads of money!

45
00:02:28,280 --> 00:02:30,680
And it's all mine, right.
Loads of money!

46
00:02:30,680 --> 00:02:32,480
It was sports casual, wasn't it?

47
00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:35,080
Brassy, kind of streaked hair,

48
00:02:35,080 --> 00:02:39,520
really spanky trainers
and a wad, like that, "Whey!"

49
00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:42,200
I'm a plasterer, see.
Bosh, bosh. Dollop, dollop.

50
00:02:42,200 --> 00:02:45,040
Lovely job. Loads of money!

51
00:02:45,040 --> 00:02:49,720
The intention of the character
was very definitely to take the piss

52
00:02:49,720 --> 00:02:56,120
out of this kind of Thatcherite
moment where greed was acceptable.

53
00:02:56,120 --> 00:02:58,160
It was acceptable to go round
flashing your watch.

54
00:02:58,160 --> 00:03:01,000
And it became massive,
this character.

55
00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:03,360
It was the sort of thing
that everybody was doing

56
00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:04,760
in the playground.

57
00:03:04,760 --> 00:03:08,560
It became an iconic national figure.

58
00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:10,040
When I got down to football, right,

59
00:03:10,040 --> 00:03:12,840
I always sit behind the dugout
where our Tel sits, right.

60
00:03:12,840 --> 00:03:18,240
I lean over to him, I go,
"Oi, El Tel. Loadsamoney!"

61
00:03:18,240 --> 00:03:22,480
Performing this horrible,
shouty plasterer

62
00:03:22,480 --> 00:03:25,640
was nice, softly spoken
Harry Enfield.

63
00:03:25,640 --> 00:03:27,880
Is this kind of a social comment?

64
00:03:27,880 --> 00:03:29,800
Well, yes.
I mean, that's how he started off,

65
00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:31,720
and that's what
I think he still is, really.

66
00:03:31,720 --> 00:03:34,920
But, erm, I mean,
I see him as Mrs Thatcher

67
00:03:34,920 --> 00:03:37,440
without the elocution lessons.

68
00:03:37,440 --> 00:03:41,080
The character captured
the public imagination in 1988,

69
00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:44,520
even bagging a top five single.

70
00:03:44,520 --> 00:03:50,320
So far, so good, until Harry
lost control of his comic creation.

71
00:03:50,320 --> 00:03:54,800
It bit him because the people
that he was lampooning, satirising,

72
00:03:54,800 --> 00:03:56,560
were the biggest fans.

73
00:03:56,560 --> 00:03:58,440
The irony is, everybody loves him.

74
00:03:58,440 --> 00:04:00,400
I mean, I don't know why,
but they love him.

75
00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:03,120
I don't know, you see. I think...
I mean, people have said this to me.

76
00:04:03,120 --> 00:04:06,320
"Don't you think you've created
a monster here that people worship?"

77
00:04:06,320 --> 00:04:09,400
There were people who were going,
"That's me."

78
00:04:09,400 --> 00:04:13,320
Cash in hand, down the boozer,
got loads of money.

79
00:04:13,320 --> 00:04:18,360
Poor Harry, his vicious satire
of '88's avaricious attitudes

80
00:04:18,360 --> 00:04:20,000
had become a role model

81
00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:22,960
for the very many
real Loadsamoneys out there.

82
00:04:22,960 --> 00:04:26,360
Unfortunately,
comedy creators can't take control

83
00:04:26,360 --> 00:04:29,320
of where their characters go
in the minds of the public,

84
00:04:29,320 --> 00:04:33,000
and he became very swiftly
a sort of folk hero.

85
00:04:33,000 --> 00:04:37,240
Loads of money had helped make
Harry Enfield a household name,

86
00:04:37,240 --> 00:04:40,240
but so shocked was he
by scenes like this...

87
00:04:40,240 --> 00:04:44,560
where southern football fans
started waving their wads

88
00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:47,400
at opponents from the north,
Loadsamoney style,

89
00:04:47,400 --> 00:04:51,160
he decided to do something drastic.

90
00:04:51,160 --> 00:04:52,600
And so, famously,

91
00:04:52,600 --> 00:04:56,360
on a Comic Relief broadcast,
Harry killed off Loadsamoney.

92
00:04:56,360 --> 00:04:59,960
The character had burnt brightly,
but briefly.

93
00:04:59,960 --> 00:05:02,400
And loads of money!

94
00:05:04,800 --> 00:05:08,160
But if you want one word
that defines the late '80s era

95
00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:09,560
of vulgar excess,

96
00:05:09,560 --> 00:05:13,720
Loadsamoney is a war cry
from the haves to the have nots.

97
00:05:15,040 --> 00:05:18,440
It's a brilliant microcosm
of late '80s comedy.

98
00:05:18,440 --> 00:05:21,720
It's a Thatcherite comedy behemoth.

99
00:05:22,920 --> 00:05:26,960
NARRATOR: Ah, remember when homes
only had one screen?

100
00:05:26,960 --> 00:05:32,960
In 1988, that lonely screen
hosted a TV revolution.

101
00:05:32,960 --> 00:05:36,280
Our tea time routine was -
get in from school, Grange Hill,

102
00:05:36,280 --> 00:05:38,320
Neighbours, tea.

103
00:05:38,320 --> 00:05:40,720
At which point, Dad gets in
and puts the 6:00 news on.

104
00:05:40,720 --> 00:05:42,480
We don't really want to watch
the 6:00 news,

105
00:05:42,480 --> 00:05:46,280
but there was no alternative
until Def II comes along.

106
00:05:46,280 --> 00:05:52,280
The graphics screamed,
"This is hip and happening," honest.

107
00:05:52,280 --> 00:05:55,720
As Def II dished up
shocking topics like...

108
00:05:55,720 --> 00:05:58,120
Sex. Drugs.
And radical politics.

109
00:05:58,120 --> 00:06:00,040
Yeah, right on, see.

110
00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:04,280
Stuffy old Auntie B
could be down with the youth.

111
00:06:04,280 --> 00:06:06,240
Yo, this is LL Cool J,
you know what I'm saying?

112
00:06:06,240 --> 00:06:08,600
And I'm coming up next
on Behind The Beat.

113
00:06:08,600 --> 00:06:12,600
That's right, boy-y-y-y-y-y.

114
00:06:12,600 --> 00:06:16,880
It was "move over"
all of us starchy 6:00 newsers.

115
00:06:16,880 --> 00:06:21,120
Def II's young presenters
represented the kids.

116
00:06:21,120 --> 00:06:24,760
We've been bombarded by so much
conflicting information about Aids

117
00:06:24,760 --> 00:06:27,000
that it's hard to know
what to believe.

118
00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:31,000
The camerawork was crazy,
the hosts were hip.

119
00:06:31,000 --> 00:06:33,520
Which is absolutely wonderful
and makes a fantastic change,

120
00:06:33,520 --> 00:06:35,720
and I'm going to get run over.

121
00:06:35,720 --> 00:06:39,400
Although some asked,
was it trying just a bit too hard?

122
00:06:41,080 --> 00:06:44,200
What, Def II? Are you deaf?
Def II? Deaf?

123
00:06:44,200 --> 00:06:47,040
Yes, "def", it means definitely,
short for definitely.

124
00:06:47,040 --> 00:06:49,840
It means very good. Well cool.

125
00:06:49,840 --> 00:06:53,120
Def II was the brainchild
of Janet Street-Porter.

126
00:06:53,120 --> 00:06:58,560
She'd masterminded the painfully hip
Network 7 on rival Channel 4

127
00:06:58,560 --> 00:07:01,960
and had been poached with the job
of injecting some street cred

128
00:07:01,960 --> 00:07:03,240
into BBC Two.

129
00:07:05,200 --> 00:07:08,560
I'm trying to win what I would
call the lost audience

130
00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:11,640
back to television,
the 16-to-25-year-olds.

131
00:07:11,640 --> 00:07:14,880
But the programmes that I'll make,
and I won't just make programmes,

132
00:07:14,880 --> 00:07:16,720
it's a scheduling thing, too.

133
00:07:16,720 --> 00:07:18,960
So, in a sense,
she's just taking one idea

134
00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:22,040
and moving it to a channel
that's usually quite hesitant

135
00:07:22,040 --> 00:07:24,640
about youth culture
and not that good at doing it

136
00:07:24,640 --> 00:07:26,120
and saying, "This is what we can do,

137
00:07:26,120 --> 00:07:28,760
"and we can make it
this, this and this."

138
00:07:28,760 --> 00:07:33,160
Janet Street-Porter was
kind of wild and different,

139
00:07:33,160 --> 00:07:37,720
and I think they thought,
"Oh, yeah, the youth will love her."

140
00:07:37,720 --> 00:07:41,120
The look of the new shows
was in-your-face.

141
00:07:41,120 --> 00:07:44,920
Then all of a sudden, it was like,
thunderbolt, lightning, flash,

142
00:07:44,920 --> 00:07:47,600
fancy graphics everywhere,
Def II, noise,

143
00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:49,120
jumping out of the screen.

144
00:07:49,120 --> 00:07:52,600
Even the BBC Two branding
got a remix.

145
00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:54,760
And of course,
the other big controversy was

146
00:07:54,760 --> 00:07:56,640
they changed the logo of BBC Two.

147
00:07:56,640 --> 00:07:59,080
So you had, like, this bar code.

148
00:07:59,080 --> 00:08:02,240
With Def II, they tried to make it
seem cool and edgy,

149
00:08:02,240 --> 00:08:04,600
obviously because I guess
bar codes were new then.

150
00:08:04,600 --> 00:08:07,240
Let's have a barc... I know,
let's have a bar code. Def II.

151
00:08:08,400 --> 00:08:12,320
Twice weekly, Def II hijacked
BBC Two's airwaves,

152
00:08:12,320 --> 00:08:16,240
replacing the usual shows
with edgy, teen-focused telly.

153
00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:21,520
So you'd find kids taking on
pillars of the establishment.

154
00:08:21,520 --> 00:08:24,400
Question in the back row,
the leather jacket.

155
00:08:24,400 --> 00:08:26,960
You said that you
and your business' success

156
00:08:26,960 --> 00:08:28,600
was due to you being different.

157
00:08:28,600 --> 00:08:31,480
Does this being different
include breaking the law?

158
00:08:31,480 --> 00:08:33,040
Er...

159
00:08:33,040 --> 00:08:35,560
There was youth-skewed
current affairs.

160
00:08:35,560 --> 00:08:39,200
Well, so far this year,
1,000 people have died of Aids,

161
00:08:39,200 --> 00:08:40,800
according to the latest figures.

162
00:08:40,800 --> 00:08:43,440
If you think it's a disease
which only affects homosexuals

163
00:08:43,440 --> 00:08:45,120
and drug addicts, you'd be wrong.

164
00:08:45,120 --> 00:08:47,000
Move over, Judith Chalmers.

165
00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:51,360
When Def II travelled,
you'd wish you were there with them.

166
00:08:51,360 --> 00:08:53,720
What I enjoyed watching
was the Rough Guides

167
00:08:53,720 --> 00:08:56,320
because I thought,
"That's what TV hasn't done before."

168
00:08:56,320 --> 00:08:58,520
How do you pronounce this?

169
00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:00,440
"Fan Go".
"Van Gog".

170
00:09:00,440 --> 00:09:02,360
"Van Goff".
"Van Go".

171
00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:05,360
I haven't seen anything
that can tell me where to go,

172
00:09:05,360 --> 00:09:09,040
but also has great places to go
for people under 45.

173
00:09:09,040 --> 00:09:11,840
Well, the streets of Amsterdam
are bad enough problem

174
00:09:11,840 --> 00:09:13,280
if you've got normal feet,

175
00:09:13,280 --> 00:09:17,080
but can you imagine having
to wear shoes that are this size?

176
00:09:17,080 --> 00:09:22,520
Def II was fresh, exciting and
showcased the best new TV talent,

177
00:09:22,520 --> 00:09:26,280
welcoming to our screens the likes
of the young Krishnan Guru-Murthy.

178
00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:28,680
Hello, and welcome
to Open 2 Question.

179
00:09:28,680 --> 00:09:30,840
We said bonjour
to Antoine de Caunes,

180
00:09:30,840 --> 00:09:33,960
all Gallic gregariousness on rapido.

181
00:09:33,960 --> 00:09:37,600
And this brave new TV domain
had its queen, too.

182
00:09:37,600 --> 00:09:39,840
Even the firefighters are hunky.

183
00:09:39,840 --> 00:09:43,520
One of the most memorable characters
from the dawn of youth television

184
00:09:43,520 --> 00:09:45,240
was the one and only Magenta Devine.

185
00:09:45,240 --> 00:09:47,040
This billboard will be showing
neon arts,

186
00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:48,800
which of course fits in
terribly well

187
00:09:48,800 --> 00:09:50,760
with Piccadilly's neon advertising.

188
00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:53,360
And I do remember the thing
that really made her stand out,

189
00:09:53,360 --> 00:09:58,760
of course, is the fact that she used
to sport these rock-widow sunglasses

190
00:09:58,760 --> 00:10:01,040
underneath a very severely cut bob.

191
00:10:04,560 --> 00:10:09,480
OK, it might look almost quaint
and strangely innocent now,

192
00:10:09,480 --> 00:10:12,400
but back then, this stuff
was pushing boundaries.

193
00:10:12,400 --> 00:10:15,280
If I look back at Def II,
I think it needs a lot of credit

194
00:10:15,280 --> 00:10:17,320
for breaking fresh ground.

195
00:10:17,320 --> 00:10:19,280
It was
a pioneering programme that said,

196
00:10:19,280 --> 00:10:20,800
"It's OK
to break some rules here

197
00:10:20,800 --> 00:10:23,120
"because there's an audience
that aren't being served."

198
00:10:23,120 --> 00:10:25,400
We've got more controversies
on the way,

199
00:10:25,400 --> 00:10:27,920
as long haul becomes less of a drag.

200
00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:29,680
That is crazy.

201
00:10:29,680 --> 00:10:32,640
Last orders get
their marching orders.

202
00:10:32,640 --> 00:10:35,480
You couldn't get a drink
because pubs shut.

203
00:10:35,480 --> 00:10:38,440
And illegal raves dance
to a new mantra.

204
00:10:38,440 --> 00:10:40,560
Acid!
Acid! Acid!

205
00:10:48,640 --> 00:10:51,080
NARRATOR: We're looking back
at the memorable moments

206
00:10:51,080 --> 00:10:53,720
that were completely controversial
in 1988.

207
00:10:55,680 --> 00:10:57,640
If you jumped into a time machine,

208
00:10:57,640 --> 00:11:01,320
the first thing you'd notice
is smoke everywhere.

209
00:11:01,320 --> 00:11:05,640
Before 1988, nicotine addicts
could light up wherever they wanted,

210
00:11:05,640 --> 00:11:09,280
no matter how enclosed
or how dangerous.

211
00:11:10,760 --> 00:11:13,480
I can't believe you used
to be able to smoke on a plane.

212
00:11:13,480 --> 00:11:15,480
I can't BELIEVE it.

213
00:11:15,480 --> 00:11:16,960
Like, isn't that a health hazard?

214
00:11:16,960 --> 00:11:19,160
You can't even think
of that right now.

215
00:11:19,160 --> 00:11:22,360
That anyone would ever smoke
on an aeroplane.

216
00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:26,320
So, you're sitting on a plane
up in the sky

217
00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:30,880
and somebody takes out a match,
strikes it, and lights a cigarette.

218
00:11:30,880 --> 00:11:33,840
I mean, that is crazy.

219
00:11:33,840 --> 00:11:35,920
Spot on, Nicki.

220
00:11:35,920 --> 00:11:39,920
With package holidays booming, more
and more of us were heading skyward,

221
00:11:39,920 --> 00:11:43,680
savouring micro-portion food
and tiny tins of lager

222
00:11:43,680 --> 00:11:47,960
before arriving in paradise,
all smelling like ashtrays.

223
00:11:49,600 --> 00:11:51,640
There was a section
that you could smoke in,

224
00:11:51,640 --> 00:11:53,680
and there was a section
that you didn't smoke in.

225
00:11:53,680 --> 00:11:58,280
The last six rows of the seats
were set back for smokers,

226
00:11:58,280 --> 00:12:00,880
so if you were in
the seventh seat from the back,

227
00:12:00,880 --> 00:12:04,680
it was absolutely disgusting.

228
00:12:04,680 --> 00:12:06,880
As if the children and families
towards the front

229
00:12:06,880 --> 00:12:10,960
weren't breathing in
people's Rothmans cigarette smoke.

230
00:12:10,960 --> 00:12:15,960
1988 saw the first roll-out
in America of new rules

231
00:12:15,960 --> 00:12:20,480
that would gradually extinguish
hopes of a mid-air puff, globally.

232
00:12:20,480 --> 00:12:23,640
Yeah, in-flight smoking, 1988.

233
00:12:23,640 --> 00:12:25,640
Wow. Done.

234
00:12:25,640 --> 00:12:28,600
Although for those partial
to a drink in the UK,

235
00:12:28,600 --> 00:12:30,400
it was party time.

236
00:12:30,400 --> 00:12:33,400
Pubs, pubs everywhere,

237
00:12:33,400 --> 00:12:36,680
but for large chunks of the day,
not a drop to drink.

238
00:12:36,680 --> 00:12:38,640
Until in 1988,

239
00:12:38,640 --> 00:12:43,480
a licensing-law revolution
introduced all-day opening.

240
00:12:44,560 --> 00:12:47,000
It seems extraordinary now
to remember

241
00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:51,000
that if you were thirsty
at 4:00 in the afternoon,

242
00:12:51,000 --> 00:12:54,760
you couldn't get a drink
because pubs shut.

243
00:12:56,800 --> 00:12:59,480
Last orders now,
ladies and gentlemen, please.

244
00:13:00,640 --> 00:13:04,320
By law, pubs could open
between 12:00 and 2:00.

245
00:13:04,320 --> 00:13:06,640
Then they shut,
and they opened again at 5:00,

246
00:13:06,640 --> 00:13:10,160
until 10:30 or 11:00 at weekends.

247
00:13:10,160 --> 00:13:11,440
And it wasn't just the pubs.

248
00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:14,800
You couldn't buy alcohol anywhere
out of hours,

249
00:13:14,800 --> 00:13:17,280
so you'd be in a supermarket
on a Saturday afternoon

250
00:13:17,280 --> 00:13:19,720
and you'd put four pack of beer
in your trolley, and they'd go,

251
00:13:19,720 --> 00:13:21,680
"Sorry, it's outside of hours."

252
00:13:21,680 --> 00:13:23,640
Because the British
are an enterprising lot,

253
00:13:23,640 --> 00:13:25,400
especially when thirsty,

254
00:13:25,400 --> 00:13:29,080
finding loopholes in the law
had become a national sport.

255
00:13:30,560 --> 00:13:35,240
There used to be regular articles
in Time Out and the Evening Standard

256
00:13:35,240 --> 00:13:37,880
about how you could drink
for 24 hours a day in London.

257
00:13:37,880 --> 00:13:39,120
This is London, right?

258
00:13:39,120 --> 00:13:41,320
You know, this great
international capital city.

259
00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:44,760
And it did involve things like
pretending you were a meat porter

260
00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:46,640
at Smithfield Market.

261
00:13:48,280 --> 00:13:51,160
There was also supposed to be
some market workers pub

262
00:13:51,160 --> 00:13:52,480
in Billingsgate or something.

263
00:13:52,480 --> 00:13:54,920
You go there at six in the morning,
you can get a drink.

264
00:13:54,920 --> 00:13:57,920
"Don't really want to get up at 6:00
in the morning to have a drink,"

265
00:13:57,920 --> 00:14:00,480
but it sounded exciting
and sort of slightly subversive.

266
00:14:00,480 --> 00:14:02,640
THEY CHEER

267
00:14:02,640 --> 00:14:05,200
To be fair, these draconian laws

268
00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:08,160
had been made
for an earlier Britain in peril,

269
00:14:08,160 --> 00:14:11,400
but they still mystified
modern visitors to our shores.

270
00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:15,080
We had American friends over,
and you have to go,

271
00:14:15,080 --> 00:14:16,800
"There's nowhere to go
in central London.

272
00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:19,440
"Sorry. It's because
of the First World War."

273
00:14:20,560 --> 00:14:25,440
Yes, it was emergency measures
introduced 74 years earlier

274
00:14:25,440 --> 00:14:30,360
that had been stopping the quaffing
of 1980s Hofmeister and Hooch.

275
00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:38,000
Prime Minister Herbert Asquith
decided that there's a war going on.

276
00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:39,400
What's everyone doing?

277
00:14:39,400 --> 00:14:42,720
They're going to the pub at
lunchtime and getting drunk all day.

278
00:14:42,720 --> 00:14:45,400
So he decides that there's
going to be a break in the day

279
00:14:45,400 --> 00:14:47,720
where you are not allowed to drink.

280
00:14:47,720 --> 00:14:49,640
Let me see now,
how many pints did we drink?

281
00:14:49,640 --> 00:14:53,080
Hang on. Uh, there was one...

282
00:14:53,080 --> 00:14:55,280
The man on the street,
and it was usually a man,

283
00:14:55,280 --> 00:14:58,160
was all for the plan
to ease restrictions.

284
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:02,240
I think it's a wonderful idea.
Why?

285
00:15:02,240 --> 00:15:06,680
Because I think the pub should be
on all day permanently for 24 hours.

286
00:15:06,680 --> 00:15:08,440
I don't think
it'd be any more drunkenness

287
00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:10,600
or violence or anything like that.

288
00:15:10,600 --> 00:15:12,160
And then we had two.

289
00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:14,640
Although some guardians
of the nation's morals

290
00:15:14,640 --> 00:15:16,880
were dead against it.

291
00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:19,840
And then we had three, four, five.

292
00:15:19,840 --> 00:15:24,120
I think that the combination
of all-day drinking, and youth,

293
00:15:24,120 --> 00:15:27,560
and unemployment and inner cities
could be very dangerous.

294
00:15:27,560 --> 00:15:30,000
I'd say we had about 11 pints.

295
00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:33,200
11 pints at a lunchtime.
11 pints at a lunchtime.

296
00:15:33,200 --> 00:15:35,240
Finally, in August 1988,

297
00:15:35,240 --> 00:15:39,280
the three-quarters-of-a-century wait
for an afternoon tipple ended

298
00:15:39,280 --> 00:15:42,000
with that rarest of things -

299
00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:45,800
a government reform
that people liked.

300
00:15:45,800 --> 00:15:47,800
When they allowed all-day drinking,

301
00:15:47,800 --> 00:15:52,000
the nation didn't half have a party,
mainly on a Wednesday afternoon.

302
00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:54,120
CHEERING

303
00:15:55,640 --> 00:16:00,200
But in 1988, some parties
became the scourge of society.

304
00:16:00,200 --> 00:16:03,960
Middle England found
a new public enemy number one,

305
00:16:03,960 --> 00:16:07,360
when a fresh musical trend
burst from the underground

306
00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:12,240
in a splash of smiley faces
and created a classic press storm.

307
00:16:14,240 --> 00:16:18,480
Acid house was the genre
that got white people dancing.

308
00:16:18,480 --> 00:16:21,120
Dancing badly, mind.

309
00:16:21,120 --> 00:16:24,280
It was a music scene
dominated by house music

310
00:16:24,280 --> 00:16:27,680
and by people in
kind of smiley logo T-shirts.

311
00:16:28,920 --> 00:16:32,360
We knew when we saw
that smiley face somewhere

312
00:16:32,360 --> 00:16:35,200
that it was a fun zone
for us to go to.

313
00:16:35,200 --> 00:16:39,760
There's lights, there's lasers,
there's music, there's DJs,

314
00:16:39,760 --> 00:16:42,400
there's different areas,
as far as the eye can see.

315
00:16:42,400 --> 00:16:44,560
You're walking along,
everyone's dancing,

316
00:16:44,560 --> 00:16:46,960
people high up on podiums, dancing.

317
00:16:46,960 --> 00:16:49,320
I mean, it's just amazing.

318
00:16:49,320 --> 00:16:52,040
It's just dunk, dunk, dunk, dunk.

319
00:16:54,120 --> 00:16:58,720
There was something intoxicating and
mildly scary about the whole thing.

320
00:17:01,800 --> 00:17:05,360
To give a sense of how revolutionary
acid house was,

321
00:17:05,360 --> 00:17:08,880
we need a history lesson about the
great British Saturday night out,

322
00:17:08,880 --> 00:17:10,800
mid-'80s style.

323
00:17:10,800 --> 00:17:13,160
What was the scene like before 1988?

324
00:17:13,160 --> 00:17:16,080
There was no scene. I mean,
there was nothing. It was dire.

325
00:17:17,240 --> 00:17:19,600
Dance music previously
had been the preserve

326
00:17:19,600 --> 00:17:22,000
of the Mecca ballroom circuit.

327
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:25,320
You still, to a degree,
had to go and pay money

328
00:17:25,320 --> 00:17:30,440
to be looked up and down
by some bruiser in a dicky bow,

329
00:17:30,440 --> 00:17:33,360
who might well end up beating you up
at the end of the evening.

330
00:17:33,360 --> 00:17:36,960
Guys round the side, all the girls
dancing round their handbags.

331
00:17:36,960 --> 00:17:38,560
Then a slow track comes on,

332
00:17:38,560 --> 00:17:40,880
and everyone has a snog,
and then they go home.

333
00:17:40,880 --> 00:17:43,240
And if you haven't pulled then
the guys will have a fight.

334
00:17:43,240 --> 00:17:45,440
It was grim.

335
00:17:45,440 --> 00:17:50,520
One tiny acorn that would help lead
to the mighty oak of UK rave culture

336
00:17:50,520 --> 00:17:53,200
was Shoom -

337
00:17:53,200 --> 00:17:56,160
a London club night
where DJ Danny Rampling

338
00:17:56,160 --> 00:17:58,360
brought to the capital
the house music

339
00:17:58,360 --> 00:18:00,600
that had been gaining traction
in Ibiza.

340
00:18:03,040 --> 00:18:07,120
I walked in to this tiny little
building, and it's boiling hot,

341
00:18:07,120 --> 00:18:09,440
and there's this music
I'd never heard before.

342
00:18:09,440 --> 00:18:11,200
People smiling, you know, not going,

343
00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:13,200
"Hello, darling.
Can I get in your knickers?"

344
00:18:13,200 --> 00:18:15,000
You know, it was like,
"What's your name?"

345
00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:17,600
People chatting to each other.
It was... It was mind blowing.

346
00:18:17,600 --> 00:18:19,040
It was amazing,

347
00:18:19,040 --> 00:18:21,600
and Shoom, once you've had
the best night of your life,

348
00:18:21,600 --> 00:18:25,160
you want to do it all the time,
so we were like, "Do you know what?

349
00:18:25,160 --> 00:18:28,360
"Let's just put on our own parties,"
and that's what we did.

350
00:18:28,360 --> 00:18:32,280
Charlie's brother, Tony Colston,
later formed Sunrise,

351
00:18:32,280 --> 00:18:35,560
one of the era's
foremost party-promoting outfits.

352
00:18:35,560 --> 00:18:40,240
Their genius idea was to bypass
normal clubs completely.

353
00:18:40,240 --> 00:18:42,880
The great revolutionary thing
about acid house is it says,

354
00:18:42,880 --> 00:18:45,120
"No, we're going to take the music
out of all that.

355
00:18:45,120 --> 00:18:47,320
"We're going to start having it
in car parks,

356
00:18:47,320 --> 00:18:49,560
"in farmer's fields,
anywhere we want to."

357
00:18:49,560 --> 00:18:52,240
It became like
a party treasure hunt,

358
00:18:52,240 --> 00:18:54,880
with ravers roaring around the M25

359
00:18:54,880 --> 00:18:58,000
on a quest to discover
that weekend's venue.

360
00:18:58,000 --> 00:18:59,800
First of all, it's a mystery trip.

361
00:18:59,800 --> 00:19:01,440
You don't know
where you're going to go.

362
00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:05,000
Where do you think you're going to?
Mystery tour. We don't know.

363
00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:08,040
That's why it's mystery.
That's the mystery about it.

364
00:19:08,040 --> 00:19:10,760
This is acid, man.

365
00:19:10,760 --> 00:19:13,840
We would have people meeting
at three different locations.

366
00:19:13,840 --> 00:19:15,840
So, I don't know, South Mimms

367
00:19:15,840 --> 00:19:18,440
or whatever service station,
they would phone up,

368
00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:22,240
they would get the address,
and then there would be a convoy.

369
00:19:22,240 --> 00:19:25,360
You're driving along, you can see
people in front, people behind you,

370
00:19:25,360 --> 00:19:28,080
and then eventually,
if you're lucky,

371
00:19:28,080 --> 00:19:30,080
you then find the rave.

372
00:19:30,080 --> 00:19:33,960
We've brought together key figures
from the acid house story.

373
00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:36,840
Now friends...
THEY CHUCKLE

374
00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:40,040
..in 1988, they were at war.

375
00:19:40,040 --> 00:19:44,680
I was the area chief superintendent
of Gravesend, Dartford,

376
00:19:44,680 --> 00:19:46,640
Sevenoaks, Tunbridge Wells.

377
00:19:46,640 --> 00:19:50,080
The aim of our operation this
weekend was to actually ensure

378
00:19:50,080 --> 00:19:53,040
the safety standards
for these young partygoers.

379
00:19:53,040 --> 00:19:55,200
Kenneth was actually the head
of what they called

380
00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:57,560
the police Pay Party Unit.

381
00:19:57,560 --> 00:20:00,240
Quite frankly, there could well
be a disaster at any time.

382
00:20:00,240 --> 00:20:03,560
And I was on this side
of doing illegal parties.

383
00:20:04,600 --> 00:20:05,920
I have to say to him,

384
00:20:05,920 --> 00:20:10,240
you don't have to say anything
unless you wish to do something.

385
00:20:10,240 --> 00:20:13,800
But anything you say
may be taken down in evidence.

386
00:20:13,800 --> 00:20:16,200
I don't know, mate.

387
00:20:16,200 --> 00:20:19,200
This huge, empty warehouse
on the Gillingham Business Park

388
00:20:19,200 --> 00:20:21,800
was another potential venue
for the party,

389
00:20:21,800 --> 00:20:24,440
being watched by the Kent Police
on Saturday night,

390
00:20:24,440 --> 00:20:27,600
acting on information gathered
by their special squad

391
00:20:27,600 --> 00:20:29,600
and with their suspicions enhanced

392
00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:32,640
by the fact that there were
clear signs of a forced entry.

393
00:20:32,640 --> 00:20:36,280
We'd look for these warehouses, and
essentially, we'd break into them.

394
00:20:38,280 --> 00:20:41,840
We'd bring in sound and lights
and thousands of people,

395
00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:44,920
and, you know, we'd stay there
for all night and have a party.

396
00:20:46,880 --> 00:20:49,200
Now, as an adult, looking back,

397
00:20:49,200 --> 00:20:51,480
you've got 10,000 people
in a building.

398
00:20:51,480 --> 00:20:53,040
All of them are on drugs.

399
00:20:54,760 --> 00:20:57,680
I mean, that's got to be a nightmare
for anyone.

400
00:20:57,680 --> 00:21:00,800
Wayne was having parties
in these warehouses.

401
00:21:00,800 --> 00:21:03,760
He put the electric
in these warehouses

402
00:21:03,760 --> 00:21:05,960
from lamp posts in the road.

403
00:21:05,960 --> 00:21:08,160
So, if the warehouse electricity
wasn't working,

404
00:21:08,160 --> 00:21:09,560
you know,
you'd fit it to a lamp post.

405
00:21:09,560 --> 00:21:13,880
Well, how safe's that?
No, he did! How safe's that?

406
00:21:15,840 --> 00:21:18,280
A weekly battle royale ensued

407
00:21:18,280 --> 00:21:21,080
between the police
and partygoers and promoters,

408
00:21:21,080 --> 00:21:24,600
played out across Greater London
and the Home Counties.

409
00:21:24,600 --> 00:21:26,840
You have caused more of
a breach of the peace on this road

410
00:21:26,840 --> 00:21:28,080
than anybody has.

411
00:21:28,080 --> 00:21:31,520
If we hadn't been here to stop you,
we would have had the problems.

412
00:21:31,520 --> 00:21:32,840
CROWD CHANTS

413
00:21:32,840 --> 00:21:34,680
The cat and mouse was interesting.

414
00:21:34,680 --> 00:21:39,160
They were my favourite bits as well,
my interactions with the police.

415
00:21:39,160 --> 00:21:40,960
REPORTER:
Fearing further confrontation

416
00:21:40,960 --> 00:21:42,240
with overwhelming numbers,

417
00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:44,440
the senior police officer
at the scene then decided

418
00:21:44,440 --> 00:21:48,000
to pull his officers out altogether
and let the party go ahead.

419
00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:50,080
Go and have your party in a field.

420
00:21:50,080 --> 00:21:53,800
And in any battle,
spreading misinformation is key.

421
00:21:55,280 --> 00:21:58,120
He used to tell lies.
Well, he's always told lies to me,

422
00:21:58,120 --> 00:22:00,640
but basically...
Blagger.

423
00:22:00,640 --> 00:22:03,840
Yeah, until I knew him as a pal.

424
00:22:03,840 --> 00:22:06,120
You'd never, ever
tell Kenneth the truth.

425
00:22:06,120 --> 00:22:08,760
You know, you try
and bend it as much as you can.

426
00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:12,280
If we could sell Kenneth
and his boys, you know,

427
00:22:12,280 --> 00:22:15,520
up the M1 the wrong way,
then we would do that.

428
00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:17,600
We'd give them fake addresses.

429
00:22:17,600 --> 00:22:20,680
Although the police had
their own tricks up their sleeves.

430
00:22:22,480 --> 00:22:25,280
We set up our own radio station.

431
00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:27,560
Every Saturday night
with youngsters,

432
00:22:27,560 --> 00:22:31,280
some young people of mine, it wasn't
for me to talk on the radio.

433
00:22:31,280 --> 00:22:33,840
They had to talk in the rapping.
If you understand me.

434
00:22:35,760 --> 00:22:38,880
What we did then
with our Sunrise radio,

435
00:22:38,880 --> 00:22:41,840
we then sent them
to the wrong place completely.

436
00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:44,600
We did that all the time.
There's no party here.

437
00:22:44,600 --> 00:22:46,960
There's no party here,
no party whatsoever.

438
00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:48,640
Right, OK.
OK?

439
00:22:48,640 --> 00:22:50,200
The reason why it got to the point

440
00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:52,880
where the police
were having to do tactics,

441
00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:58,000
like start their own pirate radio
station, was because it grew so big.

442
00:22:59,520 --> 00:23:02,880
We just wanted to put on
the biggest and best parties.

443
00:23:02,880 --> 00:23:06,280
Then we met somebody
who had U2's stage lights.

444
00:23:06,280 --> 00:23:08,880
I don't know if U2 ever knew
that we had their stage lights,

445
00:23:08,880 --> 00:23:10,520
but they had all these fairy lights.

446
00:23:10,520 --> 00:23:12,720
We had U2 stage lights
at one of our parties.

447
00:23:12,720 --> 00:23:16,000
Well, U2 definitely know now.

448
00:23:16,000 --> 00:23:20,080
And then
the biggest controversy erupted.

449
00:23:20,080 --> 00:23:24,560
Just what was keeping these kids
dancing like this all night?

450
00:23:24,560 --> 00:23:28,760
Ecstasy is the drug that's causing
most concern to both the police

451
00:23:28,760 --> 00:23:30,640
and the drugs advisory services.

452
00:23:30,640 --> 00:23:33,040
Ecstasy was the drug of the time.

453
00:23:33,040 --> 00:23:35,760
Anyone who tells you
there were no drugs

454
00:23:35,760 --> 00:23:38,560
at acid house parties
is telling lies.

455
00:23:38,560 --> 00:23:41,840
Ecstasy or MDMA pills,

456
00:23:41,840 --> 00:23:44,320
often carrying the smiley face
acid house logo

457
00:23:44,320 --> 00:23:47,320
had two crucial effects
that defined the movement.

458
00:23:47,320 --> 00:23:50,440
One - endless energy.

459
00:23:50,440 --> 00:23:54,280
I think it was something that people
would take to dance a little longer

460
00:23:54,280 --> 00:23:56,480
on the dance floor,
putting it mildly.

461
00:23:56,480 --> 00:24:01,360
And two - making users relaxed,
empathetic and happy.

462
00:24:01,360 --> 00:24:03,040
Ecstasy broke down barriers.

463
00:24:03,040 --> 00:24:05,680
Before, in nightclubs,
people used to get drunk.

464
00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:08,320
They used to used to get drunk
all the time, then have a big fight.

465
00:24:08,320 --> 00:24:10,520
I think ecstasy made you, erm...

466
00:24:10,520 --> 00:24:12,520
I don't know, just, like,
want to talk to people.

467
00:24:12,520 --> 00:24:14,840
It just broke down
all those barriers.

468
00:24:14,840 --> 00:24:19,440
To feel that good inside,
to wrap up the best sex,

469
00:24:19,440 --> 00:24:21,920
the best present your mum
ever bought you as a kid,

470
00:24:21,920 --> 00:24:25,880
to wrap it all up into one feeling
and put it in a nightclub situation

471
00:24:25,880 --> 00:24:31,080
with 2,000 other people and you all
feel the same, then it's ecstasy.

472
00:24:31,080 --> 00:24:33,360
It's got the right name.

473
00:24:33,360 --> 00:24:37,120
You'd be seeing this guy coming
towards you with his eyes rolling,

474
00:24:37,120 --> 00:24:39,320
and you're thinking,
"Hold on, it's going off here."

475
00:24:39,320 --> 00:24:41,880
And he would,
"All right, mate, how's it going?"

476
00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:44,200
"Yeah, yeah.
It's good here, innit?"

477
00:24:44,200 --> 00:24:47,080
And you go, "Oh, I thought he
was gonna jump us for a minute."

478
00:24:47,080 --> 00:24:48,560
He just wanted to dance.

479
00:24:48,560 --> 00:24:52,800
In his role policing the situation,
Chief Superintendent Tappenden

480
00:24:52,800 --> 00:24:57,320
soon became acquainted with the flip
side of the ubiquitous drug use.

481
00:24:57,320 --> 00:25:00,280
We used to have mothers ring us
on a Sunday saying,

482
00:25:00,280 --> 00:25:03,000
"Have you seen my son?" 18, 17.

483
00:25:03,000 --> 00:25:07,440
And we used to find them
in ditches still spaced out.

484
00:25:07,440 --> 00:25:09,880
You never knew
until you turned them over

485
00:25:09,880 --> 00:25:11,960
whether they were alive or dead,

486
00:25:11,960 --> 00:25:15,000
and that's how serious
the whole thing got. Wow.

487
00:25:16,280 --> 00:25:20,800
Some kids only had
to have one drug and they're dead.

488
00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:22,200
That's frightening.

489
00:25:22,200 --> 00:25:24,480
No surprise that parents
were panicked

490
00:25:24,480 --> 00:25:27,760
and the press went into meltdown.

491
00:25:27,760 --> 00:25:30,480
More than a dozen people are due
to appear in court today

492
00:25:30,480 --> 00:25:33,880
following police raids
on four acid house drugs parties

493
00:25:33,880 --> 00:25:35,320
over the weekend.

494
00:25:35,320 --> 00:25:38,800
Arrests were made at four
parties in Essex, Kent, Sussex

495
00:25:38,800 --> 00:25:40,360
and Greenwich in London.

496
00:25:40,360 --> 00:25:42,320
It's perfect tabloid fodder,
isn't it?

497
00:25:42,320 --> 00:25:43,640
REPORTER: Two hours earlier,

498
00:25:43,640 --> 00:25:47,200
scuffles had broken out after police
raided another acid house party

499
00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:48,720
at Sevenoaks in Kent.

500
00:25:48,720 --> 00:25:52,080
250 people had packed
the empty property.

501
00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:55,200
It took more than 60 police
to restore order.

502
00:25:55,200 --> 00:25:58,400
It's the kind of controversy
that you get every generation,

503
00:25:58,400 --> 00:26:00,680
and this was the '80s' one.

504
00:26:00,680 --> 00:26:03,040
I just remembered that
all the newspapers were saying,

505
00:26:03,040 --> 00:26:05,240
"Keep your kids in the house."

506
00:26:05,240 --> 00:26:08,120
The police are giving little away
about this operation,

507
00:26:08,120 --> 00:26:11,200
but some reports from eyewitnesses
suggest it had been planned

508
00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:15,200
for some time, with undercover
officers among the party guests.

509
00:26:15,200 --> 00:26:18,560
It's a brilliant example
of a moral panic.

510
00:26:18,560 --> 00:26:21,360
A few people
getting in Vauxhall Vivas

511
00:26:21,360 --> 00:26:24,640
and going to somewhere on the M25
to dance about a bit in a field.

512
00:26:24,640 --> 00:26:27,080
That's like bringing about
the downfall of society,

513
00:26:27,080 --> 00:26:29,160
which it clearly wasn't.

514
00:26:29,160 --> 00:26:31,560
And the thing
about tabloid outrage stories is

515
00:26:31,560 --> 00:26:35,800
you couldn't have a better advert
for a club than The Sun screaming,

516
00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:38,000
"People are taking drugs,
they're having sex,

517
00:26:38,000 --> 00:26:40,600
"they're staying up all night,
they're having fun!"

518
00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:43,000
You know,
who wouldn't want to go to that?

519
00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:46,840
So those kind of outraged headlines
just helped stir it

520
00:26:46,840 --> 00:26:49,440
and kind of popularise it
with even more people.

521
00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:53,640
And those headlines soon saw
acid house in the charts,

522
00:26:53,640 --> 00:26:56,920
courtesy of D-Mob,
featuring Gary Haisman.

523
00:26:56,920 --> 00:27:02,200
Suddenly, everyone was chanting
one word over and over and over.

524
00:27:02,200 --> 00:27:05,680
Ac-Ac-Ac-Acid.
Acid!

525
00:27:05,680 --> 00:27:08,840
You just hear this, "Acid! Acid!"

526
00:27:08,840 --> 00:27:12,160
It did sound like a row of car
alarms had gone off down the street.

527
00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:16,160
Acid!
Acid!

528
00:27:16,160 --> 00:27:17,880
You know, on the M1.

529
00:27:17,880 --> 00:27:20,520
I was panicking... And on the M25.

530
00:27:20,520 --> 00:27:25,200
Acid! Fantastic. I think,
"Why don't you clear off?"

531
00:27:26,720 --> 00:27:29,080
The song's success meant
a Top Of The Pops slot,

532
00:27:29,080 --> 00:27:32,280
where it wasn't
the band causing controversy,

533
00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:34,040
but the presenter.

534
00:27:35,080 --> 00:27:36,400
Hello, hello. Good evening,

535
00:27:36,400 --> 00:27:38,760
and welcome to another
exciting edition of Top Of The Pops.

536
00:27:38,760 --> 00:27:42,640
We have Steve Wright on Top Of The
Pops with his acid house T-shirt on.

537
00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:43,840
Like this.

538
00:27:43,840 --> 00:27:45,280
I was thinking, Steve Wright,

539
00:27:45,280 --> 00:27:48,480
oh, he's like an amiable,
slightly amusing DJ and he's got...

540
00:27:48,480 --> 00:27:50,440
"Oh, look at that nice T-shirt
he's wearing."

541
00:27:50,440 --> 00:27:53,720
And the kids are kind of going,
I know what that means.

542
00:27:55,320 --> 00:27:58,480
Although '88
was acid house's heyday,

543
00:27:58,480 --> 00:28:01,440
it mutated into '90s rave...

544
00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:05,680
until a government bill banned
gatherings of 20 people or more,

545
00:28:05,680 --> 00:28:09,600
with music wholly or predominantly
characterised by the emission

546
00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:11,440
of repetitive beats.

547
00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:14,520
The party was over.

548
00:28:14,520 --> 00:28:18,120
I feel so lucky to have been
at that place in that time.

549
00:28:18,120 --> 00:28:20,960
I feel so lucky to have been there
and to have been involved in it

550
00:28:20,960 --> 00:28:22,920
and to be part of it.

551
00:28:22,920 --> 00:28:24,880
Of course,
there were casualties from it,

552
00:28:24,880 --> 00:28:28,000
and I'm not kind
of minimising those,

553
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:29,800
but what's interesting now,

554
00:28:29,800 --> 00:28:33,480
there's lots of nostalgia groups
around that period,

555
00:28:33,480 --> 00:28:35,680
and the biggest feedback
is people going,

556
00:28:35,680 --> 00:28:37,920
"I would give anything
to be back there again."

557
00:28:37,920 --> 00:28:42,160
One acid house veteran
looking back fondly on the period

558
00:28:42,160 --> 00:28:44,360
might come as a surprise.

559
00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:47,640
I loved it. I loved it.
We were all tired out.

560
00:28:47,640 --> 00:28:50,640
He was tired out
cos he was on Es and not sleeping,

561
00:28:50,640 --> 00:28:53,360
and he didn't know what to do
with the money.

562
00:28:53,360 --> 00:28:57,680
I was tired out because we never
had days off or anything like that.

563
00:28:57,680 --> 00:29:00,560
But if I look back
on that period,

564
00:29:00,560 --> 00:29:05,560
it was the best policing role
I ever had.

565
00:29:05,560 --> 00:29:10,240
I couldn't replicate it in
anything else I did in my life.

566
00:29:12,360 --> 00:29:15,960
Sometimes I think I want
the youth of today to go and...

567
00:29:15,960 --> 00:29:18,920
Because everything is, like,
all the festivals and everything

568
00:29:18,920 --> 00:29:20,600
is all big business now,
and it's all...

569
00:29:20,600 --> 00:29:22,920
I'd love them to go off
and start their own scene again

570
00:29:22,920 --> 00:29:25,600
and go, "Do you know what?
This is what we think of that.

571
00:29:25,600 --> 00:29:27,960
"We want to do our own thing."

572
00:29:30,240 --> 00:29:34,600
The controversial party of 1988
is far from over,

573
00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:38,080
as a politician is left
with egg on her face.

574
00:29:38,080 --> 00:29:40,480
I think there was an attempt
to hang me out to dry.

575
00:29:40,480 --> 00:29:42,000
It turned out to be a failure.

576
00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:44,080
Saints become sinners.

577
00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:47,000
Basically hucksters and charlatans.
That's what they were.

578
00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:49,800
And a royal holiday ends in tragedy.

579
00:29:49,800 --> 00:29:52,760
What on earth
is the future king getting involved

580
00:29:52,760 --> 00:29:54,720
in such dangerous pursuits?

581
00:30:00,120 --> 00:30:03,960
Welcome back to the surfeit
of scandal that was 1988,

582
00:30:03,960 --> 00:30:07,000
the year that one
controversial Conservative

583
00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:09,760
seemed to be on an unstoppable rise.

584
00:30:11,160 --> 00:30:13,160
The junior health minister,
Edwina Currie,

585
00:30:13,160 --> 00:30:16,440
has been helping to launch
this year's National No Smoking Day,

586
00:30:16,440 --> 00:30:17,560
and she's joining me now.

587
00:30:17,560 --> 00:30:20,320
She seemed in the sort of
Margaret Thatcher mould

588
00:30:20,320 --> 00:30:22,040
in that she was very tough,

589
00:30:22,040 --> 00:30:24,520
she was very articulate,
she didn't stand any nonsense.

590
00:30:24,520 --> 00:30:25,680
I am convinced

591
00:30:25,680 --> 00:30:28,920
that we should allow the police
to use their existing powers

592
00:30:28,920 --> 00:30:32,920
and put these on our criminals
and leave them on.

593
00:30:32,920 --> 00:30:36,920
In 1988, Edwina Currie
was just a junior minister,

594
00:30:36,920 --> 00:30:40,520
but she knew exactly how
to boost her profile.

595
00:30:40,520 --> 00:30:44,120
She was not a major politician, but
she loved being on the TV cameras.

596
00:30:44,120 --> 00:30:46,120
I think she's one
of the greatest prime ministers

597
00:30:46,120 --> 00:30:47,440
this country has ever had.

598
00:30:48,680 --> 00:30:51,680
By 1988, Edwina's outspokenness

599
00:30:51,680 --> 00:30:54,320
had seen her promoted
to junior health minister,

600
00:30:54,320 --> 00:30:57,520
and in that role, she became aware
of a medical mystery

601
00:30:57,520 --> 00:31:01,440
that had led to a spate
of hospitalisations.

602
00:31:01,440 --> 00:31:03,160
We seem to have growing infections,

603
00:31:03,160 --> 00:31:06,680
food poisoning that was putting
a lot of people in hospital.

604
00:31:06,680 --> 00:31:09,880
The Public Health Laboratory
Service said to me,

605
00:31:09,880 --> 00:31:11,440
"Minister, I think you should know

606
00:31:11,440 --> 00:31:15,480
"that we've traced the cause
of this, and it's in eggs."

607
00:31:15,480 --> 00:31:17,040
"What?"

608
00:31:17,040 --> 00:31:21,560
So when we got to
about 500 confirmed cases a week,

609
00:31:21,560 --> 00:31:24,120
so that's people sick enough
to have samples taken,

610
00:31:24,120 --> 00:31:27,560
I took it upon myself to tell
everybody, just to warn them.

611
00:31:29,600 --> 00:31:31,400
The controversial events
that followed

612
00:31:31,400 --> 00:31:34,080
would define
Edwina Currie's reputation,

613
00:31:34,080 --> 00:31:35,640
transform our eating habits,

614
00:31:35,640 --> 00:31:39,160
and impact UK egg production
for years.

615
00:31:39,160 --> 00:31:41,080
Tomorrow,
the government will announce

616
00:31:41,080 --> 00:31:45,520
a series of new measures to combat
the spread of salmonella in eggs.

617
00:31:45,520 --> 00:31:50,760
And then Edwina hit the nation
with this sound-bite bombshell.

618
00:31:50,760 --> 00:31:54,240
We do warn people now
that most of the egg production

619
00:31:54,240 --> 00:31:57,280
in this country, sadly,
is now infected with salmonella.

620
00:31:57,280 --> 00:31:59,760
It's always one headline -
"Don't eat eggs,"

621
00:31:59,760 --> 00:32:01,200
which I never said.

622
00:32:01,200 --> 00:32:05,440
Mayonnaise and dressings and
bloody Marys and that sort of thing,

623
00:32:05,440 --> 00:32:07,200
they are not a good idea any more.

624
00:32:07,200 --> 00:32:12,000
All we really wanted to say
was you shouldn't eat raw egg.

625
00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:14,600
We would advise strongly
against using raw egg.

626
00:32:14,600 --> 00:32:17,720
And all hell broke loose.

627
00:32:17,720 --> 00:32:19,760
A Conservative backbencher,
Richard Holt,

628
00:32:19,760 --> 00:32:21,960
has called for
Mrs Currie's resignation.

629
00:32:21,960 --> 00:32:24,560
He said her behaviour
had been crass.

630
00:32:24,560 --> 00:32:27,800
Junior minister Edwina Currie, who
highlighted the salmonella worries,

631
00:32:27,800 --> 00:32:29,720
has been silent today,

632
00:32:29,720 --> 00:32:33,960
but the egg producers and some MPs
are still demanding her resignation.

633
00:32:33,960 --> 00:32:37,280
In the weeks after
I'd said my little piece,

634
00:32:37,280 --> 00:32:39,840
I think something like six million
people stopped buying eggs,

635
00:32:39,840 --> 00:32:41,080
which was quite an impact.

636
00:32:43,280 --> 00:32:46,320
The whole of the British egg market
sort of collapsed,

637
00:32:46,320 --> 00:32:49,040
and 5,000 egg farmers
practically went out of business.

638
00:32:49,040 --> 00:32:51,520
I think it'll be a different
industry that comes out of this.

639
00:32:51,520 --> 00:32:53,720
We've lost a lot of business,
and some of it,

640
00:32:53,720 --> 00:32:55,120
I think will never get back.

641
00:32:56,280 --> 00:33:00,160
400 million eggs
and four million hens were destroyed

642
00:33:00,160 --> 00:33:02,840
as a result
of Edwina Curry's remark.

643
00:33:02,840 --> 00:33:04,840
Claim and counter-claim followed.

644
00:33:04,840 --> 00:33:05,920
I do think she's right,

645
00:33:05,920 --> 00:33:08,120
and I think the farmers
have got themselves to blame.

646
00:33:08,120 --> 00:33:11,120
REPORTER: The British Egg Council
called Mrs Currie's comments

647
00:33:11,120 --> 00:33:13,720
factually incorrect
and highly misleading.

648
00:33:13,720 --> 00:33:15,000
According to them,

649
00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:19,320
the risk of any egg being infected
is less than 200 million to one.

650
00:33:19,320 --> 00:33:24,120
Suddenly, publicity-hungry Edwina
found herself walking on eggshells

651
00:33:24,120 --> 00:33:25,600
in so many ways.

652
00:33:27,600 --> 00:33:29,240
REPORTER: The junior health minister

653
00:33:29,240 --> 00:33:31,120
was carefully avoiding
awkward questions

654
00:33:31,120 --> 00:33:33,120
when she visited a hospital
in south London.

655
00:33:33,120 --> 00:33:35,160
Do you stand by your remarks?

656
00:33:35,160 --> 00:33:37,440
Her claim on the weekend
that most egg production

657
00:33:37,440 --> 00:33:40,920
was now affected with salmonella
has drawn fresh criticism.

658
00:33:40,920 --> 00:33:44,920
Egg on face,
headlines on the front pages.

659
00:33:44,920 --> 00:33:48,480
Obviously, it was a tragedy
for the egg industry,

660
00:33:48,480 --> 00:33:51,360
but the rest of us
had to endure this barrage

661
00:33:51,360 --> 00:33:53,680
of egg puns in the newspaper.

662
00:33:53,680 --> 00:33:56,640
It was all like,
"Are you all white, 'Egg-wina'?"

663
00:33:56,640 --> 00:33:58,080
"It's no 'yolk'."

664
00:33:58,080 --> 00:34:00,440
"What 'shell' we do?"

665
00:34:00,440 --> 00:34:04,400
Eventually, with the press furore
showing no signs of slackening...

666
00:34:04,400 --> 00:34:06,760
MAN: Do you regret
anything you said? No.

667
00:34:06,760 --> 00:34:08,560
..something had to give.

668
00:34:08,560 --> 00:34:11,040
The current ministerial career
of Edwina Currie

669
00:34:11,040 --> 00:34:12,680
came to an end this afternoon.

670
00:34:12,680 --> 00:34:15,360
She resigned from office
as the government faced up

671
00:34:15,360 --> 00:34:18,440
to the full cost of her comments
about contaminated eggs,

672
00:34:18,440 --> 00:34:21,800
and as MPs on all sides said,
"Enough was enough."

673
00:34:23,040 --> 00:34:26,080
You just kind of feel,
"Oh, I want out of this."

674
00:34:26,080 --> 00:34:30,120
Like John Travolta
at the end of Saturday Night Fever.

675
00:34:30,120 --> 00:34:33,360
I am an able person,
I can do other things.

676
00:34:33,360 --> 00:34:34,720
That's what you feel.

677
00:34:34,720 --> 00:34:39,560
Since the end of her eventful
27-month stint as a junior minister,

678
00:34:39,560 --> 00:34:42,280
Edwina's colourful career
post-politics

679
00:34:42,280 --> 00:34:44,720
has seen her win
Celebrity Mastermind,

680
00:34:44,720 --> 00:34:47,880
come fourth in I'm A Celeb,
and publish six novels,

681
00:34:47,880 --> 00:34:51,120
plus published diaries
that made major headlines.

682
00:34:56,440 --> 00:35:00,320
And as a final twist in the tale,
in 2001,

683
00:35:00,320 --> 00:35:04,960
it was revealed that there had been
a salmonella epidemic in 1988,

684
00:35:04,960 --> 00:35:07,320
which had been covered up
by the government.

685
00:35:10,480 --> 00:35:12,920
I think there was an attempt
to hang me out to dry.

686
00:35:12,920 --> 00:35:14,920
It turned out to be a failure.

687
00:35:21,760 --> 00:35:24,920
NARRATOR: Let's head over to the US
for our next controversy,

688
00:35:24,920 --> 00:35:28,920
where 1988's biggest TV stars
weren't chat-show hosts

689
00:35:28,920 --> 00:35:32,560
or actors, but televangelists.

690
00:35:32,560 --> 00:35:36,160
When you are in America,
you put on the TV-preacher channels,

691
00:35:36,160 --> 00:35:38,760
it's utterly fascinating.

692
00:35:38,760 --> 00:35:40,920
I mean, they're basically hucksters
and charlatans,

693
00:35:40,920 --> 00:35:42,200
that's what they were.

694
00:35:42,200 --> 00:35:43,600
There was so much money involved

695
00:35:43,600 --> 00:35:45,240
that these people
got incredibly rich.

696
00:35:45,240 --> 00:35:47,640
One of them built
a Christian theme park.

697
00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:50,320
They had gold taps
on these bathrooms.

698
00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:52,520
They had private jets
because they needed this

699
00:35:52,520 --> 00:35:54,720
to do the work of the Lord.

700
00:35:54,720 --> 00:35:57,000
They obviously
hadn't read the Bible, these guys,

701
00:35:57,000 --> 00:35:58,760
cos when you read the Bible,
Jesus comes over

702
00:35:58,760 --> 00:36:00,440
as quite a humble guy

703
00:36:00,440 --> 00:36:03,360
who doesn't seem to need
to be a TV evangelist

704
00:36:03,360 --> 00:36:05,560
or a rock-and-roll star.

705
00:36:05,560 --> 00:36:08,760
In a crowded market,
it was preacher versus preacher

706
00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:13,160
as all God's chosen broadcasters
tried to increase their viewers

707
00:36:13,160 --> 00:36:16,120
because more viewers
mean more donations

708
00:36:16,120 --> 00:36:18,880
and more donations
mean more gold taps.

709
00:36:18,880 --> 00:36:20,520
There's always preacher wars.

710
00:36:20,520 --> 00:36:24,000
They're always fighting each other
because it's a big money business

711
00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:27,320
and they're all superstars
and rivals.

712
00:36:27,320 --> 00:36:30,840
It's a whole wasps' nest
of backstabbing people

713
00:36:30,840 --> 00:36:33,600
being very un-Christian
to one another.

714
00:36:33,600 --> 00:36:38,400
By 1988, one of the biggest wasps
in this hugely competitive

715
00:36:38,400 --> 00:36:43,240
but lucrative nest had established
himself in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

716
00:36:43,240 --> 00:36:46,560
Jimmy Swaggart was like one of
the best-known evangelical preachers

717
00:36:46,560 --> 00:36:49,280
of the 1980s, so he was all over TV.

718
00:36:49,280 --> 00:36:50,800
I'm saved.

719
00:36:50,800 --> 00:36:52,800
I'm washed in the blood.

720
00:36:52,800 --> 00:36:55,360
I'm saved by the blood of Jesus.
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

721
00:36:55,360 --> 00:36:58,320
I'm saved.
I'm baptised in the Holy Ghost.

722
00:36:58,320 --> 00:37:00,640
My body is a temple
of the Holy Spirit.

723
00:37:00,640 --> 00:37:03,720
Swaggart was the avenging angel
of televangelism,

724
00:37:03,720 --> 00:37:07,520
ready to accuse his rivals
if he suspected they'd sinned.

725
00:37:07,520 --> 00:37:09,800
REPORTER: Swaggart is
a fire-and-brimstone preacher

726
00:37:09,800 --> 00:37:11,080
with a special talent

727
00:37:11,080 --> 00:37:14,040
in front of vast audiences
for pointing the finger at others.

728
00:37:14,040 --> 00:37:16,560
Your day is about over!

729
00:37:19,880 --> 00:37:22,640
And point the finger he did in 1986,

730
00:37:22,640 --> 00:37:26,480
when Swaggart made
the ultimately short-sighted move

731
00:37:26,480 --> 00:37:29,080
of accusing
fellow Assemblies of God minister

732
00:37:29,080 --> 00:37:31,800
Marvin Gorman
of having multiple affairs.

733
00:37:33,880 --> 00:37:36,680
He had a go
at another televangelist type

734
00:37:36,680 --> 00:37:39,400
who got caught in flagrante
having affairs and stuff,

735
00:37:39,400 --> 00:37:41,920
and, like,
was really condemning him.

736
00:37:41,920 --> 00:37:44,800
And then he got caught
with his trousers down himself.

737
00:37:44,800 --> 00:37:49,160
The disgraced Gorman
had decided two can play that game.

738
00:37:49,160 --> 00:37:54,120
He tracks Jimmy Swagger,
he spied on him in a motel bedroom,

739
00:37:54,120 --> 00:37:57,040
and caught him going in and out
with a sex worker,

740
00:37:57,040 --> 00:37:59,280
and he even went to the trouble
of letting down

741
00:37:59,280 --> 00:38:01,720
Jimmy's car tyres
so he couldn't make a quick escape.

742
00:38:01,720 --> 00:38:06,400
Cue some of 1988's
most extraordinary TV.

743
00:38:06,400 --> 00:38:09,960
One of America's leading television
evangelists Jimmy Swaggart

744
00:38:09,960 --> 00:38:12,880
has resigned in disgrace
over a sex scandal.

745
00:38:12,880 --> 00:38:16,040
He's said to have been photographed
with a prostitute in a hotel room.

746
00:38:16,040 --> 00:38:17,200
When he was caught,

747
00:38:17,200 --> 00:38:20,960
I actually think
that he did the first ever

748
00:38:20,960 --> 00:38:23,560
"I've been cancelled" apology.

749
00:38:23,560 --> 00:38:26,920
Now it happens on Twitter
all the time.

750
00:38:26,920 --> 00:38:28,600
I have sinned against you.

751
00:38:28,600 --> 00:38:32,800
'He did it much better.
He came on stage...'

752
00:38:32,800 --> 00:38:33,760
I beg you...

753
00:38:33,760 --> 00:38:35,200
..and he was crying.

754
00:38:35,200 --> 00:38:38,680
I have sinned against you, my Lord.

755
00:38:38,680 --> 00:38:42,600
He goes on air and says,
"I have sinned. Please forgive me."

756
00:38:42,600 --> 00:38:45,560
REPORTER: He asked forgiveness
from his wife, Frances.

757
00:38:45,560 --> 00:38:50,320
I have sinned against you,
and I beg your forgiveness.

758
00:38:50,320 --> 00:38:52,120
"I have sinned,"
and all that kind of thing,

759
00:38:52,120 --> 00:38:54,840
which was endlessly sampled
and played out

760
00:38:54,840 --> 00:38:56,520
through loads and loads of records

761
00:38:56,520 --> 00:38:58,680
and went through pop culture
for years.

762
00:38:58,680 --> 00:39:01,600
APPLAUSE

763
00:39:01,600 --> 00:39:05,280
Swaggart's crying game
seemed to do the trick.

764
00:39:05,280 --> 00:39:07,280
I think we're all human,

765
00:39:07,280 --> 00:39:08,880
and God loves him,
and he loves us all,

766
00:39:08,880 --> 00:39:10,280
and we should stand behind him.

767
00:39:10,280 --> 00:39:13,600
What we saw in there was something
that took a man to do,

768
00:39:13,600 --> 00:39:15,760
and so we're proud of him.

769
00:39:16,960 --> 00:39:20,240
A lot of people did forgive him,
and he kept going.

770
00:39:20,240 --> 00:39:23,920
Jimmy Swaggart,
the American television evangelist

771
00:39:23,920 --> 00:39:27,200
who resigned in disgrace after
a relationship with a prostitute,

772
00:39:27,200 --> 00:39:28,640
is back in the pulpit.

773
00:39:28,640 --> 00:39:33,280
At which point, Jimmy Swaggart
resumed his career as a TV preacher,

774
00:39:33,280 --> 00:39:36,000
never making the headlines again...

775
00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:38,200
is what didn't happen.

776
00:39:38,200 --> 00:39:40,600
And then he had another
prostitute scandal.

777
00:39:42,520 --> 00:39:44,960
We're like, the devil again?!

778
00:39:47,400 --> 00:39:50,560
But while in America,
it was TV evangelists

779
00:39:50,560 --> 00:39:52,840
bringing calamity upon themselves,

780
00:39:52,840 --> 00:39:55,480
in 1988, the future King of England

781
00:39:55,480 --> 00:39:58,560
would be a victim
of a shocking natural disaster.

782
00:39:59,920 --> 00:40:03,080
Prince Charles
was on a skiing holiday

783
00:40:03,080 --> 00:40:06,920
in Klosters with Major Hugh Lindsay

784
00:40:06,920 --> 00:40:09,920
and with various members
of the Palmer-Tomkinson family,

785
00:40:09,920 --> 00:40:11,600
although not Tara.

786
00:40:11,600 --> 00:40:14,320
Where the royals go,
the paparazzi followed,

787
00:40:14,320 --> 00:40:17,640
even when their long lenses
were freezing.

788
00:40:17,640 --> 00:40:20,000
How long have you all been
standing here for? Hours?

789
00:40:20,000 --> 00:40:21,080
Hour and a half.

790
00:40:21,080 --> 00:40:24,680
This was a favourite destination
for the royal thrill-seekers.

791
00:40:24,680 --> 00:40:27,200
REPORTER: They have chosen Klosters
for the past three years

792
00:40:27,200 --> 00:40:29,040
as a royal winter resort

793
00:40:29,040 --> 00:40:32,320
because of the quality
and complexity of its ski runs.

794
00:40:32,320 --> 00:40:34,520
After four days of cloudy skies,

795
00:40:34,520 --> 00:40:37,320
the sun was finally shining
in the resort

796
00:40:37,320 --> 00:40:40,600
and the prince was determined
to make the most of it.

797
00:40:40,600 --> 00:40:42,040
On that particular day,

798
00:40:42,040 --> 00:40:47,000
he went off skiing with
Bruno Sprecher, who was the guide,

799
00:40:47,000 --> 00:40:49,240
and they decided to go off-piste.

800
00:40:50,360 --> 00:40:52,360
The Prince of Wales was off-piste.

801
00:40:52,360 --> 00:40:54,960
Now, that, I think,
means that he was away from

802
00:40:54,960 --> 00:40:56,880
the easier skiing areas.

803
00:40:56,880 --> 00:41:00,840
Does that mean that he was in a more
dangerous area of the mountains?

804
00:41:00,840 --> 00:41:04,000
Uh, there have been lots of
avalanches that have affected people

805
00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:05,640
on-piste as well as off-piste.

806
00:41:05,640 --> 00:41:10,040
While going off-piste is common
for experienced skiers,

807
00:41:10,040 --> 00:41:11,960
there are always risks.

808
00:41:13,440 --> 00:41:17,440
Had there been any warnings
about the danger of avalanche?

809
00:41:17,440 --> 00:41:19,840
It was quite clear

810
00:41:19,840 --> 00:41:22,080
around about halfway through
the morning

811
00:41:22,080 --> 00:41:24,360
that there were avalanche warnings.

812
00:41:24,360 --> 00:41:27,200
REPORTER: Such a warning does not
deter experts from going off-piste,

813
00:41:27,200 --> 00:41:30,360
and like this,
the royal party descended the slope,

814
00:41:30,360 --> 00:41:32,600
weaving their way
across the mountainside.

815
00:41:32,600 --> 00:41:36,200
It was quite a steep mountain.
It was not for beginners.

816
00:41:36,200 --> 00:41:39,200
Despite their skills on the slopes,

817
00:41:39,200 --> 00:41:42,520
the royal party could not foresee
the icy twist ahead.

818
00:41:43,720 --> 00:41:46,640
Prince Charles is an expert skier,
and he likes doing these tough runs,

819
00:41:46,640 --> 00:41:48,520
according to the people I know
in Klosters.

820
00:41:48,520 --> 00:41:52,480
They had not been able to resist
the new-fallen powder snow,

821
00:41:52,480 --> 00:41:53,960
which is a dream of most skiers,

822
00:41:53,960 --> 00:41:56,200
and he instructed the guy
to take him there.

823
00:41:56,200 --> 00:41:58,200
Of course,
we don't know whether that was...

824
00:41:58,200 --> 00:42:00,080
that was what happened.

825
00:42:00,080 --> 00:42:03,240
What we do know
is that what happened next

826
00:42:03,240 --> 00:42:08,880
was every skier's worst nightmare,
a huge and all-enveloping avalanche.

827
00:42:13,800 --> 00:42:16,320
But it was down to the
quick-thinking of Bruno Sprecher.

828
00:42:16,320 --> 00:42:20,000
When he realised what was happening,
he yelled at the top of his voice,

829
00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:22,240
to the whole party, "Jump!"

830
00:42:22,240 --> 00:42:27,200
The Prince of Wales, as he was then,
only just manages to avoid it.

831
00:42:27,200 --> 00:42:28,640
It was as a result of that jump,

832
00:42:28,640 --> 00:42:32,480
the Prince of Wales was able
to escape the full magnitude

833
00:42:32,480 --> 00:42:33,840
of this avalanche.

834
00:42:33,840 --> 00:42:36,960
Unfortunately, Major Hugh Lindsay

835
00:42:36,960 --> 00:42:41,840
and Patti Palmer-Tomkinson
were both caught in the avalanche.

836
00:42:41,840 --> 00:42:45,320
Charles and the group frantically
dug through the icy snow,

837
00:42:45,320 --> 00:42:48,640
desperate to rescue
their buried companions.

838
00:42:48,640 --> 00:42:50,480
And Mrs Palmer-Tomkinson is OK.

839
00:42:50,480 --> 00:42:54,000
I think she has damage
to her legs and her lungs.

840
00:42:54,000 --> 00:42:56,480
When they got to Hugh,
he was pretty much dead

841
00:42:56,480 --> 00:42:59,640
at the... at that moment in time.

842
00:43:01,040 --> 00:43:03,400
REPORTER: Major Hugh Lindsay
was killed instantly.

843
00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:06,600
Another member of the party,
Mrs Patti Palmer-Tomkinson,

844
00:43:06,600 --> 00:43:07,840
was badly injured.

845
00:43:07,840 --> 00:43:11,720
The avalanche swept
the two victims more than 1,000ft.

846
00:43:11,720 --> 00:43:15,560
They said that, um, the Prince
of Wales was actually crying

847
00:43:15,560 --> 00:43:18,040
when they got him
into the helicopter.

848
00:43:18,040 --> 00:43:21,320
As the shockwaves from the avalanche
rippled outward,

849
00:43:21,320 --> 00:43:25,480
the spotlight fell on Charles
and his role in the fatal incident.

850
00:43:26,640 --> 00:43:29,160
Within days of the event happening,

851
00:43:29,160 --> 00:43:30,720
the questions then started
to be asked,

852
00:43:30,720 --> 00:43:32,600
"What on Earth is the future king

853
00:43:32,600 --> 00:43:35,280
"getting involved
in such dangerous pursuits?"

854
00:43:35,280 --> 00:43:37,360
Swiss experts are almost certain

855
00:43:37,360 --> 00:43:40,440
that the royal skiing party
triggered the avalanche themselves.

856
00:43:40,440 --> 00:43:43,040
A scientific investigation
is now complete,

857
00:43:43,040 --> 00:43:44,960
and its conclusion
is that the weight

858
00:43:44,960 --> 00:43:48,560
of the skiers loosened the snow
and set off a chain reaction,

859
00:43:48,560 --> 00:43:50,920
bringing down a huge cascade
of snow and ice

860
00:43:50,920 --> 00:43:52,400
from the side of the mountain.

861
00:43:52,400 --> 00:43:56,080
And for many years afterwards,
Charles blamed himself, really,

862
00:43:56,080 --> 00:43:58,520
for the death of Hugh Lindsay.

863
00:44:00,200 --> 00:44:03,680
Further fallout from the incident
was a deepening of cracks

864
00:44:03,680 --> 00:44:06,120
in the already strained
royal marriage,

865
00:44:06,120 --> 00:44:09,920
as a moment's decision
to go off-piste in 1988

866
00:44:09,920 --> 00:44:12,320
had repercussions
far beyond the slopes.

867
00:44:13,600 --> 00:44:16,920
And there are still more
controversies to be unearthed

868
00:44:16,920 --> 00:44:19,720
as fear begins to dig deep.

869
00:44:19,720 --> 00:44:23,760
It just seems
like a recipe for disaster.

870
00:44:23,760 --> 00:44:25,720
Rats coming over, IRA.

871
00:44:25,720 --> 00:44:29,280
Icy tensions melt
in a Cold War twist.

872
00:44:29,280 --> 00:44:32,480
We all got terribly worked up that
there was going to be a nuclear war.

873
00:44:32,480 --> 00:44:35,440
And gangsta rap
has parents up in arms.

874
00:44:35,440 --> 00:44:37,640
If you tell your child,
"Don't go there,"

875
00:44:37,640 --> 00:44:39,280
that's the first place
they're gonna go.

876
00:44:44,240 --> 00:44:47,920
1988 saw controversy come
in many forms,

877
00:44:47,920 --> 00:44:52,560
with even feats of civil engineering
becoming huge headline grabbers.

878
00:44:52,560 --> 00:44:55,080
Ooh, fun graphics!

879
00:44:55,080 --> 00:44:56,880
Mrs Thatcher
and President Mitterrand

880
00:44:56,880 --> 00:44:58,360
meet in France this morning

881
00:44:58,360 --> 00:45:00,240
to announce which scheme
has been chosen

882
00:45:00,240 --> 00:45:02,320
for a fixed link across the Channel.

883
00:45:02,320 --> 00:45:04,240
They'll be making the announcement
in Lille,

884
00:45:04,240 --> 00:45:07,200
where the Channel Tunnel Group
is expected to emerge as the winner.

885
00:45:07,200 --> 00:45:10,760
This was like our equivalent
of the moon landing.

886
00:45:10,760 --> 00:45:13,680
It was quite amazing.

887
00:45:13,680 --> 00:45:17,080
This exciting animation
shows the plan's ambition -

888
00:45:17,080 --> 00:45:20,760
50km tunnels
connecting the UK and France.

889
00:45:20,760 --> 00:45:23,120
REPORTER: The English Channel's days
as the last bastion

890
00:45:23,120 --> 00:45:25,120
of Britain's island status
are numbered.

891
00:45:25,120 --> 00:45:26,680
Within seven or eight years,

892
00:45:26,680 --> 00:45:29,840
you should be able to travel by car
from the tip of Italy

893
00:45:29,840 --> 00:45:33,160
to John O'Groats
without ever resorting to a ferry.

894
00:45:33,160 --> 00:45:34,840
It was bold, it was ambitious,

895
00:45:34,840 --> 00:45:38,520
and it got a lot of people
hot under the collar.

896
00:45:38,520 --> 00:45:40,360
There was huge controversy.

897
00:45:40,360 --> 00:45:43,520
If it's a link or something,
it might collapse.

898
00:45:43,520 --> 00:45:47,760
It's terrifying if you think about
building a tunnel underneath wa...

899
00:45:47,760 --> 00:45:50,960
It just seems
like a recipe for disaster.

900
00:45:50,960 --> 00:45:54,480
For some, predictably,
it was the idea of travelling

901
00:45:54,480 --> 00:45:58,000
beneath the ocean bed
that was making them queasy.

902
00:45:58,000 --> 00:46:02,240
When I first heard
about the Channel Tunnel,

903
00:46:02,240 --> 00:46:06,280
even the words
made me want to bury my head.

904
00:46:06,280 --> 00:46:09,160
No, I'd probably get claustrophobia.

905
00:46:09,160 --> 00:46:13,920
I had actual nightmares
of people going under the Channel

906
00:46:13,920 --> 00:46:17,760
and actually sort of suffocating.
It didn't seem real.

907
00:46:17,760 --> 00:46:22,760
Although there were other equally
predictable fears being aired.

908
00:46:22,760 --> 00:46:26,120
REPORTER: There'll be protests in
Dover and in the Kent countryside,

909
00:46:26,120 --> 00:46:27,960
which stand to suffer
from the tunnel traffic

910
00:46:27,960 --> 00:46:29,520
and its giant terminal.

911
00:46:29,520 --> 00:46:31,720
My grandad's definitely against it

912
00:46:31,720 --> 00:46:34,440
because the tunnel
is going to be tunnelled

913
00:46:34,440 --> 00:46:36,640
right underneath his house.

914
00:46:36,640 --> 00:46:38,360
There were newspaper headlines
warning us

915
00:46:38,360 --> 00:46:40,040
that this was the start
of Armageddon.

916
00:46:40,040 --> 00:46:42,240
England's always been an island,

917
00:46:42,240 --> 00:46:44,920
and why should it be joined up
with France now?

918
00:46:44,920 --> 00:46:47,360
Why would we allow Johnny Foreigner

919
00:46:47,360 --> 00:46:49,360
the ease with which
to come through the tunnel?

920
00:46:49,360 --> 00:46:52,200
They will be queuing up,
they will be racing through.

921
00:46:52,200 --> 00:46:54,160
We will have no control.

922
00:46:59,280 --> 00:47:02,000
This controversial notion
of an undersea tunnel

923
00:47:02,000 --> 00:47:04,880
linking us with Europe
wasn't exactly new.

924
00:47:06,040 --> 00:47:10,520
So, as early as 1802, the idea
had come up to build a tunnel.

925
00:47:10,520 --> 00:47:12,480
And I just loved the drawings

926
00:47:12,480 --> 00:47:15,160
because they thought there would
be horse-drawn carriages

927
00:47:15,160 --> 00:47:17,160
going underneath

928
00:47:17,160 --> 00:47:19,920
and there would be a chimney
providing oxygen.

929
00:47:19,920 --> 00:47:23,440
But those crazy Georgians
with their Channel chimneys

930
00:47:23,440 --> 00:47:27,800
would have to wait until '88
for the dream to become reality.

931
00:47:27,800 --> 00:47:32,200
The big question was where do
you start with such a mammoth task?

932
00:47:32,200 --> 00:47:35,560
The answer, as illustrated
by state-of-the-art graphics

933
00:47:35,560 --> 00:47:39,480
late '80s style,
was over here and over there.

934
00:47:41,680 --> 00:47:46,240
And that's when the genius idea came
that, oh, you can start tunnelling

935
00:47:46,240 --> 00:47:48,840
from this end, you can
start tunnelling from this end,

936
00:47:48,840 --> 00:47:50,760
and you'll meet in the middle.

937
00:47:50,760 --> 00:47:54,440
At each face was an enormous
tunnel boring machine, or TBM.

938
00:47:54,440 --> 00:47:56,880
Computer operated and laser guided,

939
00:47:56,880 --> 00:48:00,000
it made an average speed
of 12cm per minute.

940
00:48:01,680 --> 00:48:05,920
When work started on the project,
a barrage of protest followed.

941
00:48:07,040 --> 00:48:09,360
British people
are quite resistant to change.

942
00:48:09,360 --> 00:48:13,640
Car in the tunnel, the leakages,
rats coming over, IRA.

943
00:48:13,640 --> 00:48:15,160
I think it's terrible.

944
00:48:15,160 --> 00:48:18,560
Terrorists and, er, rabies.

945
00:48:18,560 --> 00:48:21,720
And it was hilarious
because the older generation,

946
00:48:21,720 --> 00:48:24,440
I remember this -
the fear, the hysteria.

947
00:48:24,440 --> 00:48:26,840
I'm afraid I won't be using it.
Ever?

948
00:48:26,840 --> 00:48:29,040
Not unless
it's absolutely necessary.

949
00:48:29,040 --> 00:48:31,360
I'm standing at the mouth
of the Channel Tunnel,

950
00:48:31,360 --> 00:48:33,120
a new gateway to Europe.

951
00:48:33,120 --> 00:48:36,200
Down there now,
about 23km out to sea,

952
00:48:36,200 --> 00:48:39,400
they're preparing to make
the first human breakthrough.

953
00:48:41,640 --> 00:48:44,440
After all the fuss,
when it opened in the mid-'90s,

954
00:48:44,440 --> 00:48:47,600
Chunnelers didn't know
what to expect.

955
00:48:47,600 --> 00:48:49,680
Under the Channel to England.

956
00:48:49,680 --> 00:48:51,880
I can't believe
that's where we are.

957
00:48:51,880 --> 00:48:54,480
Actually, I wondered whether there
were gonna be sound effects,

958
00:48:54,480 --> 00:48:57,240
whether you'd actually hear the
kind of "blub, blub, blub" outside.

959
00:48:59,120 --> 00:49:02,600
And then, typically,
Britain changed its mind overnight

960
00:49:02,600 --> 00:49:05,320
and decided we quite liked it
after all.

961
00:49:06,640 --> 00:49:11,040
If we were looking for speed,
it's an ideal mode of transport.

962
00:49:11,040 --> 00:49:15,080
If you want quickness and you want
a fuller day over in France,

963
00:49:15,080 --> 00:49:16,360
then you go by the tunnel.

964
00:49:16,360 --> 00:49:20,160
And, of course, the reality
was that it opened up this country

965
00:49:20,160 --> 00:49:21,520
to people to come from Europe,

966
00:49:21,520 --> 00:49:23,680
it opened up the entire
European continent

967
00:49:23,680 --> 00:49:25,840
for people from Britain to go there.

968
00:49:27,480 --> 00:49:31,200
Someone can call you and say, "Hey,
can you come do a gig in Paris?"

969
00:49:31,200 --> 00:49:35,000
and it's like being asked,
can I come do a gig in Dover?

970
00:49:35,000 --> 00:49:38,280
In fact, it probably takes me
less time to get to Paris.

971
00:49:38,280 --> 00:49:41,920
Yes, this was an innovation
that led to absolute

972
00:49:41,920 --> 00:49:45,000
and unencumbered freedom of movement
between Britain and Europe

973
00:49:45,000 --> 00:49:47,720
that nothing could ever reverse.

974
00:49:47,720 --> 00:49:50,760
I think the Channel Tunnel now
is as much a part

975
00:49:50,760 --> 00:49:54,040
of the British holiday psyche
as going to Butlin's

976
00:49:54,040 --> 00:49:56,920
and a wet August bank holiday
and swimming in sewage.

977
00:49:56,920 --> 00:49:58,800
It's what our holidays
are all about.

978
00:50:02,000 --> 00:50:04,440
I, Ronald Reagan,
do solemnly swear...

979
00:50:04,440 --> 00:50:07,000
That I will faithfully execute
the office

980
00:50:07,000 --> 00:50:09,040
of President of the United States.

981
00:50:09,040 --> 00:50:10,880
That I will faithfully execute
the office

982
00:50:10,880 --> 00:50:12,840
of President of the United States.

983
00:50:12,840 --> 00:50:14,720
NARRATOR:
Let's head back to America now

984
00:50:14,720 --> 00:50:16,400
to catch up with their popular

985
00:50:16,400 --> 00:50:19,960
and controversial president
Ronald Reagan.

986
00:50:19,960 --> 00:50:22,200
Look, I had a chance
to shoot a bunch of you

987
00:50:22,200 --> 00:50:23,720
the other day and didn't.

988
00:50:23,720 --> 00:50:25,280
Throughout two terms in office,

989
00:50:25,280 --> 00:50:30,040
this former cowboy actor never hid
his suspicion of the Soviet Union,

990
00:50:30,040 --> 00:50:31,520
with this sort of thing.

991
00:50:32,640 --> 00:50:36,240
They are the focus of evil
in the modern world.

992
00:50:36,240 --> 00:50:38,000
Don't hold back now, Ron.

993
00:50:38,000 --> 00:50:40,720
So, we had the US
and the Soviet Union,

994
00:50:40,720 --> 00:50:44,480
two nuclear superpowers
in a scary stand-off

995
00:50:44,480 --> 00:50:46,600
that was keeping us all awake
at night.

996
00:50:48,000 --> 00:50:50,440
In the mid-'80s,
we all got terribly worked up

997
00:50:50,440 --> 00:50:53,880
about the danger that there
was going to be a nuclear war.

998
00:50:53,880 --> 00:50:57,880
Reagan had become president
at the beginning of 1981,

999
00:50:57,880 --> 00:51:00,680
and we were really afraid
he was gonna start World War Three.

1000
00:51:00,680 --> 00:51:03,560
What was known as the Cold War

1001
00:51:03,560 --> 00:51:05,960
threatened to get very hot
very quickly in the '80s

1002
00:51:05,960 --> 00:51:09,000
as both sides
constantly rattled sabres.

1003
00:51:11,000 --> 00:51:13,680
What can be said
about Soviet credibility

1004
00:51:13,680 --> 00:51:15,800
when they so flagrantly lie?

1005
00:51:16,920 --> 00:51:18,440
There had been so much suspicion,

1006
00:51:18,440 --> 00:51:21,400
so much absolute conviction that
somebody was gonna start a war.

1007
00:51:21,400 --> 00:51:23,360
It was an act of barbarism,

1008
00:51:23,360 --> 00:51:27,280
born of a society which wantonly
disregards individual rights

1009
00:51:27,280 --> 00:51:29,200
and the value of human life.

1010
00:51:29,200 --> 00:51:32,920
But then a controversial development
on both sides,

1011
00:51:32,920 --> 00:51:36,160
whisper it,
compromise was in the air.

1012
00:51:36,160 --> 00:51:38,920
Things you just didn't think

1013
00:51:38,920 --> 00:51:42,280
would ever happen
all sort of happened.

1014
00:51:42,280 --> 00:51:47,280
A key factor was a new man
in charge in the Soviet Union.

1015
00:51:47,280 --> 00:51:53,200
For a long time, the USSR had
been governed by Leonid Brezhnev,

1016
00:51:53,200 --> 00:51:56,320
who was one of the old guys
in the Politburo.

1017
00:51:57,960 --> 00:52:01,960
Then in 1985,
we got Mikhail Gorbachev,

1018
00:52:01,960 --> 00:52:04,120
who was a bit
of an unknown quantity.

1019
00:52:04,120 --> 00:52:06,200
He wasn't that old.

1020
00:52:06,200 --> 00:52:11,440
He just suddenly struck us
more laid-back, more friendly.

1021
00:52:11,440 --> 00:52:13,800
REPORTER: Gorbachev seemed
a new kind of Russian.

1022
00:52:13,800 --> 00:52:15,320
Mrs Thatcher's verdict...

1023
00:52:15,320 --> 00:52:19,400
I like Mr Gorbachev.
We can do business together.

1024
00:52:19,400 --> 00:52:21,840
And in Gorbachev,
you've got this extraordinary man,

1025
00:52:21,840 --> 00:52:24,840
one of the most extraordinary men
who's ever lived, I think,

1026
00:52:24,840 --> 00:52:26,680
to have the foresight
and vision to say,

1027
00:52:26,680 --> 00:52:29,080
"Yeah, this is going nowhere,
this, we need to rethink."

1028
00:52:29,080 --> 00:52:34,080
Gorbachev felt that if he didn't
shore up the existing Soviet Union

1029
00:52:34,080 --> 00:52:38,000
by making it more open and so on,
it would just collapse.

1030
00:52:39,600 --> 00:52:41,920
Margaret Thatcher,
who was prime minister at the time,

1031
00:52:41,920 --> 00:52:44,080
met him, and she said,
"I can do business with him."

1032
00:52:44,080 --> 00:52:46,080
And we went, "Really?"

1033
00:52:46,080 --> 00:52:50,080
He started talking about these two
words we hadn't come across before.

1034
00:52:50,080 --> 00:52:54,320
One of them was glasnost,
which meant openness.

1035
00:52:54,320 --> 00:52:57,480
And this other word he came up
with was perestroika,

1036
00:52:57,480 --> 00:52:59,520
which meant reorganising.

1037
00:52:59,520 --> 00:53:03,840
Good evening. The Iceland summit
has ended without any agreement.

1038
00:53:03,840 --> 00:53:07,720
Reagan and Gorbachev
had met in Reykjavik in 1986,

1039
00:53:07,720 --> 00:53:12,000
and we now know the drama that
had occurred behind closed doors.

1040
00:53:12,000 --> 00:53:13,920
But when they got in the room
on their own,

1041
00:53:13,920 --> 00:53:16,280
or with just a handful of aides,
Gorbachev said,

1042
00:53:16,280 --> 00:53:19,160
"Why don't we get rid of half
of our nuclear weapons each?"

1043
00:53:19,160 --> 00:53:21,760
And Reagan said, "Why don't
we get rid of all of them?"

1044
00:53:21,760 --> 00:53:24,960
and apparently,
you could feel the room go...

1045
00:53:24,960 --> 00:53:26,920
as the aides went
and dashed out, saying,

1046
00:53:26,920 --> 00:53:29,080
"He's going to get rid
of all our nuclear weapons,"

1047
00:53:29,080 --> 00:53:31,600
and was reined in by his generals.

1048
00:53:32,680 --> 00:53:36,240
The next shock came in 1988
with Reagan's big "duh"

1049
00:53:36,240 --> 00:53:38,920
to the offer
of a Russian state visit.

1050
00:53:38,920 --> 00:53:42,440
Ronald Reagan stepped
onto Soviet soil this morning.

1051
00:53:42,440 --> 00:53:45,360
Only two American presidents
since the Second World War

1052
00:53:45,360 --> 00:53:47,000
have gone there before him.

1053
00:53:47,000 --> 00:53:50,800
Here was hawky hardliner Reagan,
the Soviet nemesis,

1054
00:53:50,800 --> 00:53:55,600
in the very epicentre
of what he'd called the evil empire.

1055
00:53:55,600 --> 00:53:58,200
REPORTER: President Reagan
has been welcomed to Moscow.

1056
00:53:58,200 --> 00:54:00,920
He and Mr Gorbachev
have begun their talks.

1057
00:54:00,920 --> 00:54:03,520
The atmosphere is cordial.

1058
00:54:03,520 --> 00:54:05,560
They wandered out into Red Square

1059
00:54:05,560 --> 00:54:09,240
for a look at Lenin's Mausoleum
and St Basil's Cathedral.

1060
00:54:09,240 --> 00:54:12,160
In Red Square, there was plenty
of time for photo opportunities,

1061
00:54:12,160 --> 00:54:16,960
including the much-loved staple -
politician meets small child.

1062
00:54:16,960 --> 00:54:19,240
President Reagan?

1063
00:54:19,240 --> 00:54:20,920
Do you recognise President Reagan?

1064
00:54:20,920 --> 00:54:23,120
Uh... yeah.

1065
00:54:23,120 --> 00:54:25,000
Whoa, whoa.

1066
00:54:25,000 --> 00:54:26,520
LAUGHTER

1067
00:54:26,520 --> 00:54:29,240
We find ourselves standing
like this.

1068
00:54:29,240 --> 00:54:32,000
The Soviet-American relationship
today was better

1069
00:54:32,000 --> 00:54:35,120
than at any point
since the Second World War.

1070
00:54:35,120 --> 00:54:36,600
Watching Reagan in Red Square,

1071
00:54:36,600 --> 00:54:39,120
I think it was easy to get swept up
in the optimism of it.

1072
00:54:39,120 --> 00:54:41,760
This wasn't just about photoshoots,

1073
00:54:41,760 --> 00:54:45,760
rather a possible new future
of life on Earth.

1074
00:54:45,760 --> 00:54:48,360
REPORTER: No-one three years ago
would have foreseen

1075
00:54:48,360 --> 00:54:50,600
that the old hostility
would have turned into

1076
00:54:50,600 --> 00:54:52,440
what's now almost a partnership.

1077
00:54:52,440 --> 00:54:56,240
Not long earlier, talk of Armageddon
had seemed only too real.

1078
00:54:56,240 --> 00:55:01,280
Now the two leaders
were aggressively pursuing peace.

1079
00:55:01,280 --> 00:55:04,920
Reagan and Gorbachev
both saw an opportunity

1080
00:55:04,920 --> 00:55:06,880
to bring the Cold War to an end.

1081
00:55:06,880 --> 00:55:08,240
I would like to think

1082
00:55:08,240 --> 00:55:11,360
that our efforts
during these past few days

1083
00:55:11,360 --> 00:55:13,400
have slayed a few dragons

1084
00:55:13,400 --> 00:55:17,800
and advanced the struggle against
the evils that threaten mankind.

1085
00:55:20,680 --> 00:55:23,440
There was a reduction in the number
of conventional weapons

1086
00:55:23,440 --> 00:55:24,760
right through Europe.

1087
00:55:24,760 --> 00:55:29,000
There was an element of...
peace in our time.

1088
00:55:29,000 --> 00:55:32,080
INTERPRETER: The first lines
have already been written

1089
00:55:32,080 --> 00:55:35,320
into the book of a world
without wars, violence

1090
00:55:35,320 --> 00:55:36,600
or nuclear weapons.

1091
00:55:36,600 --> 00:55:41,320
I believe that no-one can now
close that book and put it aside.

1092
00:55:43,280 --> 00:55:45,960
It was a moment of hope
in both capitals.

1093
00:55:45,960 --> 00:55:48,840
President Reagan left Moscow
this morning

1094
00:55:48,840 --> 00:55:51,400
saying he'd learned much
and hoped for more.

1095
00:55:51,400 --> 00:55:55,320
The atmosphere was cordial,
and both he and Mr Gorbachev

1096
00:55:55,320 --> 00:55:58,120
spoke of cooperation,
openness and friendship.

1097
00:55:59,280 --> 00:56:00,800
Of course, it wasn't to last,

1098
00:56:00,800 --> 00:56:04,000
but the feeling of optimism,

1099
00:56:04,000 --> 00:56:08,000
certainly for people of our age,
was acute.

1100
00:56:15,080 --> 00:56:17,480
NARRATOR: Not all Americans
were ready to sit down

1101
00:56:17,480 --> 00:56:19,440
and talk peace with their enemies.

1102
00:56:19,440 --> 00:56:22,040
In music,
one group shocked listeners

1103
00:56:22,040 --> 00:56:24,600
with their graphic
and confrontational rhymes

1104
00:56:24,600 --> 00:56:27,880
that gave rap
a whole new controversial genre.

1105
00:56:29,480 --> 00:56:32,600
RAPS: Straight Outta Compton
Is a crazy brother named Ice Cube

1106
00:56:32,600 --> 00:56:34,480
From the super dope gang with...

1107
00:56:34,480 --> 00:56:38,280
NWA is the first time
that gangsta rap has been heard of.

1108
00:56:38,280 --> 00:56:41,240
NWA's album Straight Outta Compton

1109
00:56:41,240 --> 00:56:45,000
was and is a rap and hip-hop classic

1110
00:56:45,000 --> 00:56:48,440
which is about drugs and crime.

1111
00:56:48,440 --> 00:56:50,960
But it was very, very...

1112
00:56:50,960 --> 00:56:53,280
mm, controversial,

1113
00:56:53,280 --> 00:56:55,560
let's say the word,
cos there was a lot of cussing.

1114
00:56:55,560 --> 00:56:57,480
You know,
we did something real different.

1115
00:56:57,480 --> 00:57:00,400
When we put our record out, we,
like, slapped everybody in the face

1116
00:57:00,400 --> 00:57:01,960
and said, "Yo, listen to this."

1117
00:57:01,960 --> 00:57:04,200
You know?
Plus, everything we said was real.

1118
00:57:04,200 --> 00:57:08,560
The grooves were howls of rage
toward rival gangs, the police

1119
00:57:08,560 --> 00:57:12,520
and life in one of America's
most violent neighbourhoods.

1120
00:57:12,520 --> 00:57:17,440
It introduces the rest of the world
to South Central Los Angeles,

1121
00:57:17,440 --> 00:57:21,040
which no-one really knows about
before then.

1122
00:57:21,040 --> 00:57:24,880
The battles, the murderous battles
between the Bloods and the Crips,

1123
00:57:24,880 --> 00:57:27,240
the two main gangs.

1124
00:57:27,240 --> 00:57:30,040
High School Centennial was like,
it was half and half.

1125
00:57:30,040 --> 00:57:32,720
It was... It was half Crips
on this side of the school,

1126
00:57:32,720 --> 00:57:34,240
and Bloods
on this side of the school.

1127
00:57:34,240 --> 00:57:35,280
So it was like, wow.

1128
00:57:35,280 --> 00:57:38,600
Also, it allows NWA

1129
00:57:38,600 --> 00:57:43,520
to talk about police oppression
of Black people.

1130
00:57:43,520 --> 00:57:45,520
I got stopped by police recently.

1131
00:57:45,520 --> 00:57:49,040
"Get out the car, keep your hands
on the steering wheel.

1132
00:57:49,040 --> 00:57:51,240
"Come over here,
and sit on the kerb.

1133
00:57:51,240 --> 00:57:54,480
"Any guns in the car? What gang
you from? Any drugs in the car?"

1134
00:57:54,480 --> 00:57:57,640
And I'm wondering,
if I was in Beverly Hills

1135
00:57:57,640 --> 00:58:00,360
with a different coloured skin,
would they ask me what gang am I in?

1136
00:58:00,360 --> 00:58:04,920
This was an explosive rhetoric
and sound never heard before.

1137
00:58:06,240 --> 00:58:09,880
And mainstream America
didn't know how to react.

1138
00:58:09,880 --> 00:58:15,800
NWA experienced hostility
from the FBI and the police,

1139
00:58:15,800 --> 00:58:18,720
but the band's core audience
understood.

1140
00:58:19,840 --> 00:58:22,400
I like them, I think they're hot.

1141
00:58:22,400 --> 00:58:23,960
They speak the truth.

1142
00:58:23,960 --> 00:58:26,920
It was just really
a lot of young Black kids

1143
00:58:26,920 --> 00:58:32,240
from Compton talking about what
their lifestyle was like every day.

1144
00:58:32,240 --> 00:58:35,480
And most of the people in the
neighbourhoods were just like,

1145
00:58:35,480 --> 00:58:37,680
"Well, that's just what happens
on my way to school

1146
00:58:37,680 --> 00:58:40,920
"or coming back
from the supermarket,

1147
00:58:40,920 --> 00:58:42,400
"I might get pulled over."

1148
00:58:42,400 --> 00:58:44,280
Controversy sells,

1149
00:58:44,280 --> 00:58:47,040
and Straight Outta Compton
shifted one million copies

1150
00:58:47,040 --> 00:58:48,680
in its first year.

1151
00:58:48,680 --> 00:58:50,640
UK rap fans were impressed,

1152
00:58:50,640 --> 00:58:53,000
but also culturally unprepared

1153
00:58:53,000 --> 00:58:55,240
for this take-no-prisoners assault
on their speakers,

1154
00:58:55,240 --> 00:58:57,760
their attitudes and their minds.

1155
00:58:58,960 --> 00:59:02,600
I remember taking the tape
into school the next day

1156
00:59:02,600 --> 00:59:06,440
and playing it to friends
on my Walkman,

1157
00:59:06,440 --> 00:59:09,760
and, you know, I went to quite
a middle class grammar school

1158
00:59:09,760 --> 00:59:14,000
in the North London suburbs,
and we were just gobsmacked.

1159
00:59:14,000 --> 00:59:19,520
Just hearing the N word repeated
so regularly throughout the album,

1160
00:59:19,520 --> 00:59:22,680
even the name of NWA,

1161
00:59:22,680 --> 00:59:25,040
we really questioned
whether this was legal or not

1162
00:59:25,040 --> 00:59:26,640
to even be listening to it,

1163
00:59:26,640 --> 00:59:32,120
let alone rap about these kinds
of things like killing police.

1164
00:59:32,120 --> 00:59:34,720
The release
also entered music history

1165
00:59:34,720 --> 00:59:38,280
as one of the first to feature
a "parental advisory" sticker.

1166
00:59:38,280 --> 00:59:41,120
Tipper Gore, wife of the future
Vice President Al,

1167
00:59:41,120 --> 00:59:42,840
had been on a mission.

1168
00:59:42,840 --> 00:59:47,120
We are asking the recording industry
to voluntarily assist parents

1169
00:59:47,120 --> 00:59:51,000
who are concerned by placing
a warning label on music products

1170
00:59:51,000 --> 00:59:53,760
inappropriate for younger children

1171
00:59:53,760 --> 00:59:56,920
due to explicit sexual
or violent lyrics.

1172
00:59:56,920 --> 01:00:00,040
She'd long been calling
for this type of packaging

1173
01:00:00,040 --> 01:00:04,280
to warn concerned parents
of explicit content in music,

1174
01:00:04,280 --> 01:00:07,640
but what was the effect
when it was introduced?

1175
01:00:07,640 --> 01:00:10,440
The Parental Advisory sticker
on the NWA album

1176
01:00:10,440 --> 01:00:12,040
completely backfired.

1177
01:00:12,040 --> 01:00:13,560
As a mom, you should know.

1178
01:00:13,560 --> 01:00:15,760
If you tell your child,
"Don't go there,"

1179
01:00:15,760 --> 01:00:17,360
that's the first place
they're gonna go.

1180
01:00:17,360 --> 01:00:19,560
That's not gonna put anyone off.

1181
01:00:19,560 --> 01:00:22,840
Remember everyone had
those Parental Advisory t-shirts?

1182
01:00:22,840 --> 01:00:25,000
And then loads of white kids
in the suburbs,

1183
01:00:25,000 --> 01:00:27,200
they were like, "What is this?"

1184
01:00:27,200 --> 01:00:29,200
But it was danceable,

1185
01:00:29,200 --> 01:00:31,680
and it went pop,
and it crossed over,

1186
01:00:31,680 --> 01:00:34,200
and it sold out everywhere.

1187
01:00:34,200 --> 01:00:38,880
Stay tuned for more
outrageous moments from 1988.

1188
01:00:38,880 --> 01:00:41,560
A news bulletin
becomes a news story...

1189
01:00:41,560 --> 01:00:44,120
I'm afraid
we have rather been invaded.

1190
01:00:44,120 --> 01:00:46,920
..Margaret Thatcher
goes on the attack...

1191
01:00:46,920 --> 01:00:50,200
If you ever get trial by television,

1192
01:00:50,200 --> 01:00:52,240
freedom dies.

1193
01:00:52,240 --> 01:00:55,320
..and terrorists are silenced.
Kind of.

1194
01:00:55,320 --> 01:00:59,240
One of the craziest episodes
in the history of television news.

1195
01:01:05,720 --> 01:01:08,680
NARRATOR: We're reliving
the most controversial moments

1196
01:01:08,680 --> 01:01:11,200
in a year full of them, 1988.

1197
01:01:13,000 --> 01:01:17,320
Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives
had been in power for nine years,

1198
01:01:17,320 --> 01:01:20,760
during which time they'd made
sweeping changes to British society,

1199
01:01:20,760 --> 01:01:23,240
and the Iron Lady wasn't finished.

1200
01:01:23,240 --> 01:01:25,920
Her next crusade
was controversial then,

1201
01:01:25,920 --> 01:01:28,600
and even more so today.

1202
01:01:28,600 --> 01:01:33,000
Children who need to be taught
to respect traditional moral values

1203
01:01:33,000 --> 01:01:37,600
are being taught that they have
an inalienable right to be gay.

1204
01:01:37,600 --> 01:01:40,440
Detecting a hint
of homophobia maybe?

1205
01:01:40,440 --> 01:01:43,160
In 1988, many shared those opinions.

1206
01:01:43,160 --> 01:01:46,560
I obviously
don't want children taught

1207
01:01:46,560 --> 01:01:49,680
that the gay and lesbian lifestyle
is natural or normal.

1208
01:01:49,680 --> 01:01:52,840
It is not, it never has been,
and it never will be.

1209
01:01:52,840 --> 01:01:55,080
We were in a very strange time
in history.

1210
01:01:55,080 --> 01:01:57,000
It was, I think, oppressive.

1211
01:01:58,480 --> 01:02:02,840
There'd just been a moral panic
against LGBTQ+ people,

1212
01:02:02,840 --> 01:02:07,080
even years after the
decriminalisation of homosexuality,

1213
01:02:07,080 --> 01:02:10,400
that somehow being gay
could be a bad thing.

1214
01:02:12,160 --> 01:02:15,160
Through my school career,
saying "gay" was still an insult.

1215
01:02:16,960 --> 01:02:19,240
A law was proposed
to make it illegal

1216
01:02:19,240 --> 01:02:21,920
to promote homosexuality in schools.

1217
01:02:21,920 --> 01:02:24,600
But what exactly did "promote" mean?

1218
01:02:25,840 --> 01:02:28,040
This policy, called Section 28,

1219
01:02:28,040 --> 01:02:31,080
essentially banned teachers from,
quote,

1220
01:02:31,080 --> 01:02:36,480
encouraging any or even talking
about gay relationships

1221
01:02:36,480 --> 01:02:39,840
and LGBTQ+ relationships
in a positive light.

1222
01:02:39,840 --> 01:02:43,080
Simply talking about homosexuality,

1223
01:02:43,080 --> 01:02:45,760
you could be accused
of promoting it.

1224
01:02:45,760 --> 01:02:49,000
Simply talking to somebody
who's homosexual,

1225
01:02:49,000 --> 01:02:52,040
you could be accused of promoting it
if you talk about their needs.

1226
01:02:52,040 --> 01:02:55,400
I think it's really hard now

1227
01:02:55,400 --> 01:02:58,400
to remember how awful Clause 28 was,

1228
01:02:58,400 --> 01:03:01,760
an advocacy against
the promotion of homosexuality,

1229
01:03:01,760 --> 01:03:04,240
and it really meant
it was impossible to be gay.

1230
01:03:04,240 --> 01:03:06,280
It was impossible
to be out and proud.

1231
01:03:06,280 --> 01:03:11,120
The LGBT community
decided to fight back with protests

1232
01:03:11,120 --> 01:03:12,960
and high-profile speakers.

1233
01:03:12,960 --> 01:03:16,840
We must be out and about
in pubs and clubs

1234
01:03:16,840 --> 01:03:20,200
and in the classroom talking
about homosexuality

1235
01:03:20,200 --> 01:03:24,840
and in fact, in that sense,
promoting homosexuality.

1236
01:03:24,840 --> 01:03:28,880
But in pre-social media 1988,

1237
01:03:28,880 --> 01:03:33,200
such protests went largely unseen
by the mainstream audience,

1238
01:03:33,200 --> 01:03:36,440
so an audacious escalation
was planned

1239
01:03:36,440 --> 01:03:41,200
to take the anti-Clause 28 message
straight into people's homes.

1240
01:03:42,520 --> 01:03:45,160
ANNOUNCER: The Six O'Clock News
from the BBC

1241
01:03:45,160 --> 01:03:47,440
with Sue Lawley
and Nicholas Witchell.

1242
01:03:47,440 --> 01:03:49,280
From the start
of the BBC news bulletin,

1243
01:03:49,280 --> 01:03:51,080
you immediately know
that something's off.

1244
01:03:51,080 --> 01:03:55,120
I mean, you can hear Sue Lawley
literally shout the news at you.

1245
01:03:55,120 --> 01:03:56,920
Good evening.
The headlines at six o'clock.

1246
01:03:56,920 --> 01:03:58,240
WOMAN SHOUTS: Stop Section 28!

1247
01:03:58,240 --> 01:04:00,120
In the House of Lords,
a vote is taking place now

1248
01:04:00,120 --> 01:04:01,960
on a challenge to the poll tax.
Stop Section 28!

1249
01:04:01,960 --> 01:04:03,120
CLATTERING

1250
01:04:03,120 --> 01:04:06,600
Tory rebels have said that
the tax is unfair and unpopular.

1251
01:04:06,600 --> 01:04:08,800
You start seeing the camera move
from side to side,

1252
01:04:08,800 --> 01:04:10,640
essentially trying
to avoid the activists

1253
01:04:10,640 --> 01:04:12,080
from being picked up on camera.

1254
01:04:12,080 --> 01:04:14,480
And I do apologise if you're
hearing quite a lot of noise

1255
01:04:14,480 --> 01:04:15,880
in this studio at the moment.

1256
01:04:15,880 --> 01:04:20,200
Protesters had infiltrated
BBC Television Centre

1257
01:04:20,200 --> 01:04:22,360
and somehow
slipped into the news studio

1258
01:04:22,360 --> 01:04:24,320
just as it went on air.

1259
01:04:25,960 --> 01:04:28,600
I don't know how they did it,
get past security at the BBC.

1260
01:04:28,600 --> 01:04:31,640
I worked at the BBC, and I was
stopped at the gate every day.

1261
01:04:31,640 --> 01:04:35,640
I'm afraid that we have rather
been invaded by some people

1262
01:04:35,640 --> 01:04:37,920
who we hope to be removing
very shortly.

1263
01:04:37,920 --> 01:04:40,080
It's not great
to be a live newsreader

1264
01:04:40,080 --> 01:04:41,600
and have something like that happen,

1265
01:04:41,600 --> 01:04:43,440
and I've done a lot
of live television,

1266
01:04:43,440 --> 01:04:45,080
and I don't know
how I would've coped.

1267
01:04:45,080 --> 01:04:48,040
Probably not as resolutely
as Miss Lawley, that's all.

1268
01:04:48,040 --> 01:04:51,640
Very quickly,
events in the BBC news studio

1269
01:04:51,640 --> 01:04:53,520
became a BBC news item.

1270
01:04:53,520 --> 01:04:56,520
REPORTER: With handcuffs
still attached to the camera cable

1271
01:04:56,520 --> 01:04:58,920
and the Six O'Clock News
still on the air,

1272
01:04:58,920 --> 01:05:01,720
the protesters were taken away
by police.

1273
01:05:01,720 --> 01:05:03,600
It's fascinating to see

1274
01:05:03,600 --> 01:05:07,800
how far people will go
to get their message across.

1275
01:05:07,800 --> 01:05:08,880
Outside the studio,

1276
01:05:08,880 --> 01:05:13,520
one woman who'd handcuffed herself
to camera cables was cut free.

1277
01:05:13,520 --> 01:05:16,120
Lovely, thanks very much.

1278
01:05:16,120 --> 01:05:18,480
Another, and the piece
of studio furniture

1279
01:05:18,480 --> 01:05:22,480
she'd handcuffed herself to
were parted in a corridor.

1280
01:05:22,480 --> 01:05:24,440
I thank the group of lesbians

1281
01:05:24,440 --> 01:05:26,800
who broke into
the Six O'Clock News studio

1282
01:05:26,800 --> 01:05:28,400
and tried to take a stance.

1283
01:05:28,400 --> 01:05:31,080
Led away,
the women repeated their protest.

1284
01:05:31,080 --> 01:05:34,080
We're protesting about rights
for lesbian and gay people.

1285
01:05:34,080 --> 01:05:38,080
And of course, it led to an awful
amount of attention on the policy.

1286
01:05:39,280 --> 01:05:41,080
The protesters had succeeded

1287
01:05:41,080 --> 01:05:43,920
in getting Clause 28
onto the front pages,

1288
01:05:43,920 --> 01:05:46,760
but they weren't able
to stop it becoming law.

1289
01:05:49,400 --> 01:05:52,880
The controversial ban
would be in place for 15 years,

1290
01:05:52,880 --> 01:05:54,320
affecting millions.

1291
01:05:54,320 --> 01:06:00,440
Section 28 led to such a terrible
impact for the young LGBTQ+ people,

1292
01:06:00,440 --> 01:06:04,000
and it only got lifted
more than a decade later.

1293
01:06:04,000 --> 01:06:06,360
But even then,
in the years subsequently,

1294
01:06:06,360 --> 01:06:09,400
it was still... LGBTQ+ lives
we're not taught about in school.

1295
01:06:09,400 --> 01:06:11,720
I would've had a great time
if my old biology teacher

1296
01:06:11,720 --> 01:06:13,600
had said something
about his boyfriend.

1297
01:06:13,600 --> 01:06:16,600
I'd have been like, "Oh, good,
there's nothing wrong with me,"

1298
01:06:16,600 --> 01:06:19,040
but sadly, that wasn't the case.

1299
01:06:19,040 --> 01:06:22,160
Finally, let me apologise to you for
the slight commotion in the studio

1300
01:06:22,160 --> 01:06:23,640
at the beginning of the programme.

1301
01:06:23,640 --> 01:06:26,080
Our unwelcome guests have now
been taken away by the police,

1302
01:06:26,080 --> 01:06:28,720
and I hope the noise
and my hesitations

1303
01:06:28,720 --> 01:06:30,880
didn't distract you too much
from tonight's news.

1304
01:06:32,000 --> 01:06:34,640
NARRATOR:
Throughout the '70s and '80s,

1305
01:06:34,640 --> 01:06:38,680
British news was dominated
by the conflict in Northern Ireland

1306
01:06:38,680 --> 01:06:41,160
between Unionists and Republicans.

1307
01:06:41,160 --> 01:06:46,320
By 1988, any peaceful resolution
of The Troubles seemed impossible.

1308
01:06:46,320 --> 01:06:48,760
At this time in 1988,

1309
01:06:48,760 --> 01:06:51,640
it was probably worse
than it had ever been.

1310
01:06:51,640 --> 01:06:55,480
It was the nearest to a civil war
that we've had.

1311
01:06:55,480 --> 01:06:59,880
The British Army on the streets,
riot controls,

1312
01:06:59,880 --> 01:07:03,200
so many innocent people killed.

1313
01:07:03,200 --> 01:07:05,600
EXPLOSION,
SCREAMING

1314
01:07:05,600 --> 01:07:10,200
Horrendous things were happening
in a part of the United Kingdom.

1315
01:07:10,200 --> 01:07:14,560
And then what happened
is that it spread to the mainland.

1316
01:07:14,560 --> 01:07:16,520
EXPLOSION

1317
01:07:16,520 --> 01:07:19,440
We were all checking under our cars.

1318
01:07:21,200 --> 01:07:23,880
And of course,
there was the Brighton bomb attack.

1319
01:07:26,560 --> 01:07:28,480
Bombs were in the House of Commons.

1320
01:07:30,120 --> 01:07:31,960
Margaret Thatcher's stance
was positively

1321
01:07:31,960 --> 01:07:35,680
and, indeed, knowingly Churchillian.

1322
01:07:35,680 --> 01:07:40,040
This government
will never surrender to the IRA.

1323
01:07:40,040 --> 01:07:41,200
Never.

1324
01:07:43,520 --> 01:07:46,600
That uncompromising stance

1325
01:07:46,600 --> 01:07:50,120
led to another government battle
with broadcasters.

1326
01:07:50,120 --> 01:07:53,720
Their first broadside
was aimed at ITV,

1327
01:07:53,720 --> 01:07:56,600
whose current affairs show,
Death On The Rock,

1328
01:07:56,600 --> 01:08:01,960
investigated a shooting by the army
of three IRA members in Gibraltar.

1329
01:08:01,960 --> 01:08:04,680
The order was given -
to stop the broadcast.

1330
01:08:06,360 --> 01:08:08,120
I think the feeling
about Death On The Rock

1331
01:08:08,120 --> 01:08:10,320
was it rather let the side down

1332
01:08:10,320 --> 01:08:13,200
because it came out at a time
when the IRA was causing

1333
01:08:13,200 --> 01:08:15,960
a still terrible, terrible trouble.

1334
01:08:18,120 --> 01:08:20,360
Death On The Rock suggested

1335
01:08:20,360 --> 01:08:24,160
the IRA members
may have been unlawfully killed

1336
01:08:24,160 --> 01:08:25,720
by the British Army.

1337
01:08:25,720 --> 01:08:28,080
The government feared
these revelations

1338
01:08:28,080 --> 01:08:31,360
may taint the coroner's inquest
and tried to halt the broadcast,

1339
01:08:31,360 --> 01:08:33,080
but to no avail.

1340
01:08:33,080 --> 01:08:36,600
The documentary aired in April 1988.

1341
01:08:39,520 --> 01:08:41,200
The Prime Minister has accused

1342
01:08:41,200 --> 01:08:43,160
the Independent
Broadcasting Authority

1343
01:08:43,160 --> 01:08:46,640
of acting irresponsibly
in allowing the screening last night

1344
01:08:46,640 --> 01:08:49,080
of an ITV programme
about the killing

1345
01:08:49,080 --> 01:08:51,800
of three IRA terrorists
in Gibraltar.

1346
01:08:51,800 --> 01:08:53,720
It included an interview
with an eyewitness

1347
01:08:53,720 --> 01:08:56,240
who said that two of the terrorists
were shot

1348
01:08:56,240 --> 01:08:58,160
after they had appeared
to surrender.

1349
01:08:58,160 --> 01:09:03,520
Margaret Thatcher was very bitter
and hurt by it.

1350
01:09:05,640 --> 01:09:10,000
As the nation grappled with the
implications of Death On The Rock,

1351
01:09:10,000 --> 01:09:12,240
Margaret Thatcher hit back hard,

1352
01:09:12,240 --> 01:09:14,720
with these words aimed
at the broadcasters.

1353
01:09:16,400 --> 01:09:19,480
If you ever get trial by television

1354
01:09:19,480 --> 01:09:22,480
or guilt by accusation,

1355
01:09:22,480 --> 01:09:25,640
that day, freedom dies.

1356
01:09:25,640 --> 01:09:26,960
ECHOING

1357
01:09:26,960 --> 01:09:32,200
It was a very frightening time
to be upholding democracy

1358
01:09:32,200 --> 01:09:33,720
and the rule of law.

1359
01:09:33,720 --> 01:09:35,200
I think looking back,

1360
01:09:35,200 --> 01:09:39,840
Death On The Rock was a brave piece
of investigative journalism.

1361
01:09:40,920 --> 01:09:43,600
Relations between TV companies
and the government

1362
01:09:43,600 --> 01:09:47,160
were already on shaky ground
when that October,

1363
01:09:47,160 --> 01:09:50,640
new broadcasting restrictions
were announced.

1364
01:09:50,640 --> 01:09:54,640
They may have started
with understandable intentions,

1365
01:09:54,640 --> 01:09:57,360
but would end in farce

1366
01:09:57,360 --> 01:09:59,520
and one of
the most notorious infringements

1367
01:09:59,520 --> 01:10:01,120
of British press freedom.

1368
01:10:01,120 --> 01:10:03,520
Good evening.
The government has banned anyone

1369
01:10:03,520 --> 01:10:05,920
who speaks in support
of Irish terrorism

1370
01:10:05,920 --> 01:10:09,600
from doing so on television or radio
in this country.

1371
01:10:09,600 --> 01:10:12,840
This was Margaret Thatcher
as Prime Minister

1372
01:10:12,840 --> 01:10:17,040
saying that
she wanted to deny the IRA

1373
01:10:17,040 --> 01:10:19,000
the oxygen of publicity.

1374
01:10:19,000 --> 01:10:24,120
Suddenly, edict from government
was that you cannot

1375
01:10:24,120 --> 01:10:28,840
broadcast the voices
of leaders of various groups -

1376
01:10:28,840 --> 01:10:30,680
Sinn Fein being one.

1377
01:10:30,680 --> 01:10:33,040
As the leader of Sinn Fein,

1378
01:10:33,040 --> 01:10:35,360
Gerry Adams
was the most prominent voice

1379
01:10:35,360 --> 01:10:37,760
that the Tories wanted silenced.

1380
01:10:37,760 --> 01:10:42,400
They thought that if we didn't use
Gerry Adams's voice,

1381
01:10:42,400 --> 01:10:46,240
then there would be no more
interviews with Gerry Adams, period.

1382
01:10:47,560 --> 01:10:50,720
The bizarre solution
adopted by broadcasters

1383
01:10:50,720 --> 01:10:54,480
was to hire actors to say the words
of the banned leaders.

1384
01:10:54,480 --> 01:10:57,920
Viewers got the same message,
just said by someone different.

1385
01:10:57,920 --> 01:11:00,600
They turned down the sound
on the soundtrack

1386
01:11:00,600 --> 01:11:03,880
and substituted
the voice of an actor.

1387
01:11:03,880 --> 01:11:06,280
I mean, it was absolutely bonkers.

1388
01:11:07,440 --> 01:11:09,840
If everyone in Ireland
tomorrow morning

1389
01:11:09,840 --> 01:11:12,040
voted For Sinn Fein,

1390
01:11:12,040 --> 01:11:13,920
it wouldn't make
a blind bit of difference

1391
01:11:13,920 --> 01:11:15,520
to the British government.

1392
01:11:15,520 --> 01:11:16,880
When it came in, we thought,

1393
01:11:16,880 --> 01:11:20,040
"Well, we're gonna have to have
a roster of actors

1394
01:11:20,040 --> 01:11:23,520
"with a certain accent that
you can phone up at last minute."

1395
01:11:23,520 --> 01:11:27,520
We can only achieve what we're
attempting to establish in Ireland,

1396
01:11:27,520 --> 01:11:29,480
a democratic socialist republic,

1397
01:11:29,480 --> 01:11:33,480
through the use of political
action and military force.

1398
01:11:33,480 --> 01:11:37,720
And so in the end,
it was just a total nonsense.

1399
01:11:37,720 --> 01:11:42,200
The better that the actors became
at getting the voices,

1400
01:11:42,200 --> 01:11:45,560
you might as well have just
been hearing from Sinn Fein.

1401
01:11:45,560 --> 01:11:47,800
What divides Catholics
and Protestants,

1402
01:11:47,800 --> 01:11:49,680
Unionists and Nationalists
in Ireland

1403
01:11:49,680 --> 01:11:51,040
is the British presence.

1404
01:11:51,040 --> 01:11:53,320
Take the British presence
and the guns out of Ireland,

1405
01:11:53,320 --> 01:11:55,400
there will be peace in Ireland.

1406
01:11:55,400 --> 01:11:58,600
So, far from being denied
the oxygen of publicity,

1407
01:11:58,600 --> 01:12:02,080
I think that in some ways,
more people listened.

1408
01:12:02,080 --> 01:12:05,680
But what it meant was that
the already fractious relationship

1409
01:12:05,680 --> 01:12:09,440
between the government
and broadcasters just deteriorated.

1410
01:12:09,440 --> 01:12:11,440
People started taking the mickey,

1411
01:12:11,440 --> 01:12:14,560
and it was really easy
to take the mickey out of,

1412
01:12:14,560 --> 01:12:17,040
actually, something quite serious.

1413
01:12:17,040 --> 01:12:19,240
Earlier today,
I spoke to their deputy leader,

1414
01:12:19,240 --> 01:12:21,960
Rory O'Connor,
who under broadcasting restrictions,

1415
01:12:21,960 --> 01:12:25,600
must inhale helium to subtract
credibility from his statements.

1416
01:12:25,600 --> 01:12:29,160
So, you do support
this campaign of violence?

1417
01:12:29,160 --> 01:12:32,120
HELIUM WHOOSHES
NORMAL VOICE: The IR...

1418
01:12:32,120 --> 01:12:33,440
HELIUM WHOOSHES

1419
01:12:33,440 --> 01:12:36,600
HIGH-PITCHED VOICE: Sinn Fein
is a legitimate political party.

1420
01:12:36,600 --> 01:12:38,760
I regard it as
one of the craziest episodes

1421
01:12:38,760 --> 01:12:41,840
in the history of television news.

1422
01:12:41,840 --> 01:12:43,680
..which supports terrorist action.

1423
01:12:43,680 --> 01:12:45,400
HIGH-PITCHED:
Your tone is antagonistic,

1424
01:12:45,400 --> 01:12:46,880
and you're making me very angry.

1425
01:12:46,880 --> 01:12:50,720
Brace yourselves
for some divine drama.

1426
01:12:50,720 --> 01:12:52,600
His Holiness gets heckled...

1427
01:12:52,600 --> 01:12:57,880
We reject the Pope as Antichrist!

1428
01:12:57,880 --> 01:13:01,720
It is truly strange behaviour
by a grown man.

1429
01:13:01,720 --> 01:13:05,040
..and fiction fuels fury.

1430
01:13:05,040 --> 01:13:09,280
He's a devil,
the true devil himself come to life.

1431
01:13:14,840 --> 01:13:16,480
NARRATOR: We're stepping boldly

1432
01:13:16,480 --> 01:13:19,640
into the most controversial events
of 1988,

1433
01:13:19,640 --> 01:13:22,000
where it's time
to reacquaint ourselves

1434
01:13:22,000 --> 01:13:25,640
with a man whose very veins
flowed with outrage.

1435
01:13:25,640 --> 01:13:27,280
I remember growing up

1436
01:13:27,280 --> 01:13:29,960
with Ian Paisley
always being on the news.

1437
01:13:29,960 --> 01:13:35,720
SHOUTS: You'll never defeat
the Protestant people of Ulster!

1438
01:13:35,720 --> 01:13:38,480
An amazing accent,
an unforgettable face,

1439
01:13:38,480 --> 01:13:40,040
his finger jabbing.

1440
01:13:40,040 --> 01:13:42,720
SHOUTS: Never, ever!

1441
01:13:42,720 --> 01:13:44,160
Fire and brimstone.

1442
01:13:44,160 --> 01:13:46,920
Never, ever!

1443
01:13:46,920 --> 01:13:49,880
He could be
a very frightening character,

1444
01:13:49,880 --> 01:13:52,960
so determined and so aggressive.

1445
01:13:52,960 --> 01:13:56,880
You go down there and do your duty,
and don't read a lecture to me.

1446
01:13:56,880 --> 01:14:00,240
In Northern Ireland's religious
divide of the '70s and '80s,

1447
01:14:00,240 --> 01:14:03,680
Paisley was the booming voice
of hardline Protestants.

1448
01:14:03,680 --> 01:14:06,560
His rhetoric was uncompromising.

1449
01:14:06,560 --> 01:14:11,760
We reject the Pope as Antichrist!

1450
01:14:11,760 --> 01:14:13,960
And we...
CHEERING

1451
01:14:13,960 --> 01:14:16,640
He was the man who was
gonna complain about Roman Catholics

1452
01:14:16,640 --> 01:14:19,080
to his dying day, we thought,

1453
01:14:19,080 --> 01:14:23,080
and you couldn't have been more
strident in terms of anti-papacy,

1454
01:14:23,080 --> 01:14:24,360
anti-the Pope.

1455
01:14:24,360 --> 01:14:28,960
From 1979, Paisley had been
what you might describe

1456
01:14:28,960 --> 01:14:32,560
as an outspoken member
of the European Parliament.

1457
01:14:32,560 --> 01:14:36,320
He tackled
Irish Taoiseach Jack Lynch.

1458
01:14:36,320 --> 01:14:39,080
He'd shouted down
British PM Margaret Thatcher,

1459
01:14:39,080 --> 01:14:41,360
and then in 1988,

1460
01:14:41,360 --> 01:14:44,280
guess who arrived in Brussels
to make an address?

1461
01:14:45,400 --> 01:14:47,440
I remember turning on the TV

1462
01:14:47,440 --> 01:14:51,680
and them saying, "Oh, the Pope's
visiting the European Parliament."

1463
01:14:51,680 --> 01:14:54,800
With Reverend Paisley's
track record,

1464
01:14:54,800 --> 01:14:58,320
no-one expected him
to be hanging out the bunting,

1465
01:14:58,320 --> 01:15:00,920
but what did happen
still came as a shock.

1466
01:15:02,040 --> 01:15:06,600
Ladies and gentlemen,
first of all, permit me to say

1467
01:15:06,600 --> 01:15:08,800
how much I...

1468
01:15:08,800 --> 01:15:11,840
PAISLEY:
I denounce you as the Antichrist!

1469
01:15:11,840 --> 01:15:14,040
Paisley within a few yards
of the Pope,

1470
01:15:14,040 --> 01:15:17,280
well, that's putting a match
to a fire, isn't it?

1471
01:15:17,280 --> 01:15:20,080
I'm gonna do a one-man protest.
I'm gonna stop this.

1472
01:15:20,080 --> 01:15:23,320
I'm gonna pull out all this stuff
saying, "The Pope's the Antichrist,"

1473
01:15:23,320 --> 01:15:27,320
and doing it like
an Extinction Rebellion protester.

1474
01:15:27,320 --> 01:15:30,760
REPORTER: Mr Paisley quoted
a 16th century anti-papist slogan

1475
01:15:30,760 --> 01:15:33,600
as furious Euro MPs
threw papers at him in disgust.

1476
01:15:33,600 --> 01:15:35,680
Other European members of Parliament

1477
01:15:35,680 --> 01:15:37,560
sort of jumped on him
to keep him quiet.

1478
01:15:37,560 --> 01:15:41,120
Mr Paisley, I call you to order,

1479
01:15:41,120 --> 01:15:43,520
and I ask you
to stop this disturbance.

1480
01:15:43,520 --> 01:15:46,000
The Pope was actually pretty cool,

1481
01:15:46,000 --> 01:15:49,720
just kind of stands there
and lets Ian Paisley get on with it.

1482
01:15:49,720 --> 01:15:52,080
If someone was, you know,
describing me as the Antichrist,

1483
01:15:52,080 --> 01:15:53,680
I might got a bit upset.

1484
01:15:53,680 --> 01:15:57,000
REPORTER: The poster stated simply,
"John Paul II, Antichrist,"

1485
01:15:57,000 --> 01:15:58,320
a reference to the view

1486
01:15:58,320 --> 01:16:00,840
supported by Archbishop Cranmer
in Reformation times

1487
01:16:00,840 --> 01:16:03,320
that by claiming to be God's
earthly representative,

1488
01:16:03,320 --> 01:16:05,560
popes have usurped
the position of Christ.

1489
01:16:05,560 --> 01:16:09,800
I mean, it is truly
strange behaviour by a grown man.

1490
01:16:09,800 --> 01:16:14,040
What are you doing, sir?
You're an elected representative.

1491
01:16:14,040 --> 01:16:17,360
It's like you're behaving
like a lunatic on Oxford Street.

1492
01:16:17,360 --> 01:16:22,080
PRESIDENT: Mr Paisley,
I now exclude you from this house

1493
01:16:22,080 --> 01:16:23,680
and for the remainder
of the sitting.

1494
01:16:23,680 --> 01:16:25,440
APPLAUSE

1495
01:16:25,440 --> 01:16:29,120
The Roaring Reverend
may have caused a commotion,

1496
01:16:29,120 --> 01:16:31,520
but what happened
that day in Brussels

1497
01:16:31,520 --> 01:16:35,200
was far from being the year's
biggest religious controversy.

1498
01:16:36,920 --> 01:16:42,080
1988 saw the publication
of the era's most notorious novel.

1499
01:16:42,080 --> 01:16:46,760
The saga of events that followed
featured riots, religious decrees

1500
01:16:46,760 --> 01:16:49,640
and death threats,

1501
01:16:49,640 --> 01:16:54,080
propelling an Indian-born writer
from fame in literary circles

1502
01:16:54,080 --> 01:16:56,560
into the international spotlight.

1503
01:16:58,760 --> 01:17:00,800
In 1988, the novelist Salman Rushdie

1504
01:17:00,800 --> 01:17:03,320
produced a novel
called The Satanic Verses.

1505
01:17:03,320 --> 01:17:06,440
"Two actors, prancing Gibreel

1506
01:17:06,440 --> 01:17:09,040
"and buttony,
pursed Mr Saladin Chamcha,

1507
01:17:09,040 --> 01:17:12,400
"fell like titbits of tobacco
from a broken old cigar."

1508
01:17:14,360 --> 01:17:16,080
It's an adventure romp

1509
01:17:16,080 --> 01:17:20,320
in which various characters who are
associated with the film industry

1510
01:17:20,320 --> 01:17:22,960
go through various carnations
and incarnations

1511
01:17:22,960 --> 01:17:25,320
when they take on various roles.

1512
01:17:25,320 --> 01:17:28,840
If I had to say in one word what
this novel is essentially about,

1513
01:17:28,840 --> 01:17:30,520
it's about the nature
of metamorphosis,

1514
01:17:30,520 --> 01:17:32,040
and it's about it's about change.

1515
01:17:32,040 --> 01:17:35,200
He is a very learned writer,

1516
01:17:35,200 --> 01:17:37,640
and he's also into magical realism,

1517
01:17:37,640 --> 01:17:41,920
where there's satire going on,
there's comedy,

1518
01:17:41,920 --> 01:17:45,080
there's real historical research.

1519
01:17:45,080 --> 01:17:48,000
It's designed
to inflame your passions

1520
01:17:48,000 --> 01:17:52,840
and also for you to really love
the way he writes in English.

1521
01:17:52,840 --> 01:17:56,520
The witty, weighty
and wide-ranging novel

1522
01:17:56,520 --> 01:17:58,360
was published to critical acclaim,

1523
01:17:58,360 --> 01:18:00,960
although one controversial chapter

1524
01:18:00,960 --> 01:18:03,560
started to receive
special attention.

1525
01:18:03,560 --> 01:18:07,560
One of those storylines is about
a character being reincarnated

1526
01:18:07,560 --> 01:18:10,120
in the guise
of the Prophet Muhammad,

1527
01:18:10,120 --> 01:18:12,360
and various adventures
happened to him.

1528
01:18:12,360 --> 01:18:14,200
REPORTER: What stirred controversy

1529
01:18:14,200 --> 01:18:16,400
is the suggestion
couched in allegory

1530
01:18:16,400 --> 01:18:19,040
of a human Muhammad
with human failings.

1531
01:18:19,040 --> 01:18:21,480
He actually had the Prophet Muhammad

1532
01:18:21,480 --> 01:18:25,840
doing stuff that a lot of Muslims
would find very offensive.

1533
01:18:27,680 --> 01:18:32,280
Salman Rushdie probably didn't think
too much about the reaction

1534
01:18:32,280 --> 01:18:36,360
The Satanic Verses was going
to create in places like Bradford,

1535
01:18:36,360 --> 01:18:39,640
in places like Mumbai,
in places like Karachi and Lahore.

1536
01:18:39,640 --> 01:18:42,600
It's been condemned as blasphemous
by fundamentalists

1537
01:18:42,600 --> 01:18:45,920
all over the Islamic world,
most recently in Pakistan,

1538
01:18:45,920 --> 01:18:48,560
where five people died in rioting
on Sunday.

1539
01:18:48,560 --> 01:18:51,480
I think he didn't think about it,
he just thought,

1540
01:18:51,480 --> 01:18:54,440
"Publish and be damned,
and let's see what happens."

1541
01:18:54,440 --> 01:18:57,000
It's the fact
that Rushdie was born into Islam

1542
01:18:57,000 --> 01:19:00,080
and is now, as they see it,
turning against his own religion

1543
01:19:00,080 --> 01:19:01,840
that has stirred anger
among Muslims,

1544
01:19:01,840 --> 01:19:03,520
including those in Britain.

1545
01:19:03,520 --> 01:19:05,880
He was probably
really taken by surprise.

1546
01:19:05,880 --> 01:19:07,960
So was the rest of Britain,

1547
01:19:07,960 --> 01:19:10,400
as outraged Muslims
took to the streets

1548
01:19:10,400 --> 01:19:12,400
in a way not seen before.

1549
01:19:12,400 --> 01:19:15,280
He's a devil,
the true devil himself come to life.

1550
01:19:15,280 --> 01:19:19,520
The Satanic Verses controversy
felt like it had come from nothing.

1551
01:19:19,520 --> 01:19:21,720
REPORTER: How many people
do you think feel like that?

1552
01:19:21,720 --> 01:19:24,960
ALL TALK AT ONCE
We all feel like that! All of us.

1553
01:19:24,960 --> 01:19:26,840
For a British Asian like me,

1554
01:19:26,840 --> 01:19:29,120
it was just bonkers cos suddenly,

1555
01:19:29,120 --> 01:19:34,080
I saw other British Asians
on TV burning books.

1556
01:19:34,080 --> 01:19:37,440
The public burning of the book
on the streets of Britain

1557
01:19:37,440 --> 01:19:40,520
has shown that the fact that
it's fiction makes no difference

1558
01:19:40,520 --> 01:19:43,360
to those whose leaders
have pronounced it blasphemous.

1559
01:19:43,360 --> 01:19:49,440
If religious people don't like
a certain movie or a certain book,

1560
01:19:49,440 --> 01:19:52,560
the best thing they can do
is not talk about it.

1561
01:19:53,840 --> 01:19:57,000
Because of the scandal,

1562
01:19:57,000 --> 01:20:01,440
more people read The Satanic Verses
than ever would have.

1563
01:20:01,440 --> 01:20:04,160
They should've just kept quiet,

1564
01:20:04,160 --> 01:20:06,760
or better yet,
if they said they like it,

1565
01:20:06,760 --> 01:20:08,440
nobody would read it.

1566
01:20:08,440 --> 01:20:10,400
This is the latest stage
in a campaign

1567
01:20:10,400 --> 01:20:12,680
that began with smears
and vilifications

1568
01:20:12,680 --> 01:20:13,920
and distortions of the book,

1569
01:20:13,920 --> 01:20:16,400
which has escalated through
all sorts of levels of violence.

1570
01:20:17,800 --> 01:20:19,280
And slowly but surely,

1571
01:20:19,280 --> 01:20:21,960
as people found out about it,
it started spreading.

1572
01:20:21,960 --> 01:20:25,120
There were demonstrations
in other parts of the world.

1573
01:20:25,120 --> 01:20:30,200
What had started as vocal protests
escalated into something darker

1574
01:20:30,200 --> 01:20:32,680
when the controversy reached Iran.

1575
01:20:32,680 --> 01:20:37,120
And then Ayatollah Khomeini
made a pronouncement on it.

1576
01:20:37,120 --> 01:20:39,800
Iran's spiritual leader,
Ayatollah Khomeini,

1577
01:20:39,800 --> 01:20:42,320
has told Muslims
that the prize-winning author,

1578
01:20:42,320 --> 01:20:45,840
Salman Rushdie,
must be killed on sight.

1579
01:20:45,840 --> 01:20:48,880
His book Satanic Verses
is an insult to Islam,

1580
01:20:48,880 --> 01:20:50,480
the Ayatollah said.

1581
01:20:50,480 --> 01:20:53,320
And he, his publishers
and everybody knowingly involved

1582
01:20:53,320 --> 01:20:57,000
in producing the book
were now under sentence of death.

1583
01:20:57,000 --> 01:21:01,000
He basically offered a bounty
on Salman Rushdie's head,

1584
01:21:01,000 --> 01:21:03,160
and then all hell broke loose.

1585
01:21:03,160 --> 01:21:05,120
Before then,

1586
01:21:05,120 --> 01:21:09,160
most of us had never heard the
Islamic term for a ruling or edict.

1587
01:21:09,160 --> 01:21:11,680
Now we all know about fatwa.

1588
01:21:11,680 --> 01:21:14,240
REPORTER: Fundamentalist followers
of Ayatollah Khomeini

1589
01:21:14,240 --> 01:21:17,160
call him Imam -
Allah's representative on earth.

1590
01:21:17,160 --> 01:21:19,000
So the sentencing to death
in absentia

1591
01:21:19,000 --> 01:21:20,640
of someone accused of blasphemy

1592
01:21:20,640 --> 01:21:23,720
is considered well within
the Ayatollah's jurisdiction.

1593
01:21:23,720 --> 01:21:26,120
I remember
turning on the evening news

1594
01:21:26,120 --> 01:21:29,320
and seeing people who looked
like my dad essentially saying,

1595
01:21:29,320 --> 01:21:31,680
"Yeah, yeah, yeah,
if I saw him right now,

1596
01:21:31,680 --> 01:21:33,000
"I'd kill him."

1597
01:21:34,400 --> 01:21:38,640
The tabloids got involved and
started joking about mad Mullahs,

1598
01:21:38,640 --> 01:21:41,240
Islamic fundamentalists
who are crazy to have

1599
01:21:41,240 --> 01:21:43,440
Salman Rushdie's head on a plate.

1600
01:21:43,440 --> 01:21:45,360
Rushdie was to have flown
to the States

1601
01:21:45,360 --> 01:21:46,720
to promote the book there.

1602
01:21:46,720 --> 01:21:48,560
Now that trip is under review,

1603
01:21:48,560 --> 01:21:51,440
and his agent says steps are
being taken to ensure his security.

1604
01:21:51,440 --> 01:21:56,320
And that meant spending
the next ten years in hiding.

1605
01:21:57,680 --> 01:22:00,640
You don't want a bestseller
that is achieved

1606
01:22:00,640 --> 01:22:03,880
at the cost
of there being a price on your head,

1607
01:22:03,880 --> 01:22:06,080
having to live in safe houses,

1608
01:22:06,080 --> 01:22:08,560
having to have police protection
wherever you go.

1609
01:22:08,560 --> 01:22:13,040
Everything he did then became
risky to anyone he did it with.

1610
01:22:15,040 --> 01:22:17,760
An uneasy peace developed
from the end of the '90s,

1611
01:22:17,760 --> 01:22:21,000
then a shocking new twist
came in 2022,

1612
01:22:21,000 --> 01:22:23,680
when a knife attack on Rushdie
in New York

1613
01:22:23,680 --> 01:22:27,760
resulted in the loss of the use of
one hand and the sight in one eye,

1614
01:22:27,760 --> 01:22:32,480
all down to the words he wrote
more than three decades earlier.

1615
01:22:32,480 --> 01:22:35,240
I think
there's a lot of self-censoring

1616
01:22:35,240 --> 01:22:37,800
which occurs in art,

1617
01:22:37,800 --> 01:22:41,240
and I think it's a shame
because I think the best art

1618
01:22:41,240 --> 01:22:44,400
is transgressive,
and the best art takes risks.

1619
01:22:44,400 --> 01:22:45,920
But at the same time,

1620
01:22:45,920 --> 01:22:47,720
you don't wanna have to fear
for your life.

1621
01:22:47,720 --> 01:22:52,160
People forget that
if you read The Satanic Verses,

1622
01:22:52,160 --> 01:22:53,800
it's a work of the imagination.

1623
01:22:53,800 --> 01:22:56,880
It's not about Muhammad,
it's not about religion.

1624
01:22:56,880 --> 01:23:02,080
It's not a comment on Islam
or Muslims.

1625
01:23:02,080 --> 01:23:04,200
And the threat to him
is still going on.

1626
01:23:06,800 --> 01:23:10,400
Shocking?
We haven't even got started.

1627
01:23:10,400 --> 01:23:12,200
Do not adjust your sets,

1628
01:23:12,200 --> 01:23:15,200
as a beloved TV presenter
is tied up in controversy...

1629
01:23:15,200 --> 01:23:17,640
It was one of
those classic scandals.

1630
01:23:17,640 --> 01:23:20,720
Cocaine and sex parties, I think.

1631
01:23:20,720 --> 01:23:23,440
..and a soap
tackles tough issues head on.

1632
01:23:23,440 --> 01:23:26,800
She suddenly finds herself
in this really dangerous situation.

1633
01:23:32,120 --> 01:23:37,920
NARRATOR: Next up, a truly shocking
1988 controversy that had it all -

1634
01:23:37,920 --> 01:23:41,680
a household name,
drugs, sex and knitwear.

1635
01:23:41,680 --> 01:23:44,440
WOMAN: Oh!
MAN: Oh, my giddy aunt!

1636
01:23:44,440 --> 01:23:47,600
It was one of those classic,
classic scandals.

1637
01:23:47,600 --> 01:23:49,800
It really was.
You couldn't make it up.

1638
01:23:49,800 --> 01:23:51,880
It was complete shock.

1639
01:23:51,880 --> 01:23:53,560
It's always the quiet ones,
you know.

1640
01:23:53,560 --> 01:23:56,120
And here is that quiet one -

1641
01:23:56,120 --> 01:23:57,440
a safe pair of hands,

1642
01:23:57,440 --> 01:24:01,200
more than able of rocking
a zip-up-cardigan-tie combo,

1643
01:24:01,200 --> 01:24:03,240
loved and trusted by viewers.

1644
01:24:03,240 --> 01:24:07,000
Good evening. This time tomorrow,
it'll all be over.

1645
01:24:07,000 --> 01:24:09,920
Friendly Frank Bough
had been the voice of sport

1646
01:24:09,920 --> 01:24:12,080
on Grandstand since the '60s.

1647
01:24:12,080 --> 01:24:14,160
It's Breakfast Time.

1648
01:24:14,160 --> 01:24:16,160
It's Wednesday
the 9th of February today.

1649
01:24:16,160 --> 01:24:17,880
Then in the '80s,

1650
01:24:17,880 --> 01:24:22,480
he became as much a part of
British breakfasts as lardy bacon.

1651
01:24:22,480 --> 01:24:25,200
Calm, reassuring,
great in a pastel sweater,

1652
01:24:25,200 --> 01:24:28,400
Frank was someone we all got used
to waking up with.

1653
01:24:28,400 --> 01:24:31,320
Well, our guest this morning is the
king of British magic, Paul Daniels.

1654
01:24:31,320 --> 01:24:32,400
Thanks very much.

1655
01:24:32,400 --> 01:24:35,000
Always a brighter place when
you're here. I don't know why it is.

1656
01:24:35,000 --> 01:24:36,720
It's cos you wear
your yellow sweater.

1657
01:24:36,720 --> 01:24:39,760
Frank Bough was a warm,
kind of friendly BBC presenter.

1658
01:24:39,760 --> 01:24:45,520
He was very much the nation's
cosy breakfast show host.

1659
01:24:45,520 --> 01:24:48,160
I've never had it so early
in my life, all this sport.

1660
01:24:48,160 --> 01:24:50,840
There's no answer to that, Frank,
actually, is there?

1661
01:24:50,840 --> 01:24:52,800
Well, he was granddad, wasn't he?

1662
01:24:52,800 --> 01:24:56,280
He was granddad
presenting BBC Breakfast.

1663
01:24:56,280 --> 01:24:59,560
Except your granddad
probably never did this.

1664
01:24:59,560 --> 01:25:04,280
That May, the News Of The World
tore up Frank's clean cut image.

1665
01:25:04,280 --> 01:25:07,360
Two things that were specific
to this, one was cocaine,

1666
01:25:07,360 --> 01:25:10,760
and the other thing was sex parties,
I think.

1667
01:25:13,480 --> 01:25:15,080
I don't think anyone saw

1668
01:25:15,080 --> 01:25:17,280
Frank Bough's debacle coming,
did they?

1669
01:25:17,280 --> 01:25:18,600
I mean, here was, you know,

1670
01:25:18,600 --> 01:25:21,400
a nice, slightly avuncular
broadcaster in a jumper...

1671
01:25:21,400 --> 01:25:23,000
God bless and good morning to you.

1672
01:25:23,000 --> 01:25:26,400
..who suddenly is doing cocaine
with prostitutes and kind of,

1673
01:25:26,400 --> 01:25:29,720
you know, being kind of flayed
alive in front of the nation.

1674
01:25:29,720 --> 01:25:31,040
We loved it.

1675
01:25:31,040 --> 01:25:32,800
Now,
despite the bitter chill of winter,

1676
01:25:32,800 --> 01:25:35,840
there's a lot happening outdoors
as dawn comes up this morning.

1677
01:25:35,840 --> 01:25:38,640
When there's a schism
between the public face

1678
01:25:38,640 --> 01:25:40,840
and the private person,

1679
01:25:40,840 --> 01:25:43,280
is that... that's what makes it
really shocking.

1680
01:25:43,280 --> 01:25:44,520
As you may have read by now,

1681
01:25:44,520 --> 01:25:46,160
this is obviously the programme
for you

1682
01:25:46,160 --> 01:25:47,920
if you want to stay
as trim as you can.

1683
01:25:47,920 --> 01:25:49,480
It was a massive story,

1684
01:25:49,480 --> 01:25:52,480
and journalists were
rubbing their hands with glee,

1685
01:25:52,480 --> 01:25:57,400
and people were just ecstatic
in Fleet Street about it.

1686
01:25:57,400 --> 01:26:00,240
It's like lifting the stone
and there's all the worms, you know,

1687
01:26:00,240 --> 01:26:01,960
wriggling about underneath.

1688
01:26:03,080 --> 01:26:07,360
Bough's self-defeating excuse was
that he'd only started using cocaine

1689
01:26:07,360 --> 01:26:09,760
after prostitutes gave it to him,

1690
01:26:09,760 --> 01:26:12,720
which is admitting to one scandal
while denying another.

1691
01:26:12,720 --> 01:26:16,920
The BBC pressed their
presenter ejector-seat button.

1692
01:26:16,920 --> 01:26:19,720
Frank left for, quote, a rest.

1693
01:26:19,720 --> 01:26:23,720
But then came the official sacking,
followed by more juicy stories,

1694
01:26:23,720 --> 01:26:28,320
including claims of sadomasochism,
which must have hurt.

1695
01:26:28,320 --> 01:26:30,760
I seem to remember
it was all over the tabloids,

1696
01:26:30,760 --> 01:26:33,600
but then the tabloids then,
they were like the Mafia.

1697
01:26:33,600 --> 01:26:35,080
They were lawless.

1698
01:26:37,560 --> 01:26:39,480
Frank's career never recovered

1699
01:26:39,480 --> 01:26:41,880
from the substances
and stockings scandal,

1700
01:26:41,880 --> 01:26:45,440
but nowadays, would he be safely
back on telly by Monday morning?

1701
01:26:47,080 --> 01:26:48,560
I mean, that's his private life.

1702
01:26:48,560 --> 01:26:51,840
Shouldn't affect his career.
That's his choices, you know?

1703
01:26:51,840 --> 01:26:54,040
I know drugs are illegal,
but good on Frank.

1704
01:26:54,040 --> 01:26:56,760
That's what I say. Good for him.
Good for him.

1705
01:27:03,640 --> 01:27:06,600
Soaps have always
generated controversy,

1706
01:27:06,600 --> 01:27:09,520
but in 1988,
one EastEnders storyline

1707
01:27:09,520 --> 01:27:11,920
went beyond
the usual Albert Square gossip

1708
01:27:11,920 --> 01:27:14,040
to really change things.

1709
01:27:16,160 --> 01:27:20,200
To understand the impact
of Kathy's rape storyline

1710
01:27:20,200 --> 01:27:22,200
in EastEnders way back in 1988,

1711
01:27:22,200 --> 01:27:25,080
you kind of have to take yourself
back to that particular year

1712
01:27:25,080 --> 01:27:28,560
and understand
just how huge EastEnders was.

1713
01:27:32,080 --> 01:27:34,520
'88, it was in its absolute heyday.

1714
01:27:34,520 --> 01:27:35,600
WOMAN: Oi!

1715
01:27:35,600 --> 01:27:39,000
They were not afraid
to confront really big stories

1716
01:27:39,000 --> 01:27:41,760
that perhaps the other soaps
at that point, you know,

1717
01:27:41,760 --> 01:27:43,960
like Coronation Street,
was still very friendly.

1718
01:27:43,960 --> 01:27:45,960
You don't have to put
a brave face on in front of me.

1719
01:27:45,960 --> 01:27:47,520
This was grittier.

1720
01:27:47,520 --> 01:27:50,600
But I feel like I've let you down,
done something disgusting.

1721
01:27:50,600 --> 01:27:52,360
Mothers shouldn't get
into these scrapes.

1722
01:27:52,360 --> 01:27:54,600
It was hardly a scrape, was it?
DOORBELL RINGS

1723
01:27:54,600 --> 01:27:57,240
It's all right, Mum.
Mum, it's all right. I'll get it.

1724
01:27:57,240 --> 01:28:00,120
It's an issue that hadn't
been dealt with as brutally

1725
01:28:00,120 --> 01:28:02,400
and as explicitly before,

1726
01:28:02,400 --> 01:28:04,400
and also to a beloved character.

1727
01:28:04,400 --> 01:28:07,360
Gillian Taylforth
had played Kathy Beale

1728
01:28:07,360 --> 01:28:10,880
since the soap started in 1985.

1729
01:28:10,880 --> 01:28:13,920
Kathy was very much a stalwart
of Albert Square.

1730
01:28:13,920 --> 01:28:15,760
Here we are.
Thanks, Mum.

1731
01:28:15,760 --> 01:28:17,680
Mother of Ian, wife of Pete,

1732
01:28:17,680 --> 01:28:19,960
Kathy was
a salt-of-the-earth cockney,

1733
01:28:19,960 --> 01:28:22,840
usually shifting apples and pears
on the family barrow.

1734
01:28:24,480 --> 01:28:26,280
Blokes like that go on forever.

1735
01:28:26,280 --> 01:28:28,480
They're pickled,
so they last longer.

1736
01:28:28,480 --> 01:28:31,640
No, blokes like that just go burst,
they don't get pickled.

1737
01:28:31,640 --> 01:28:35,080
But by 1988,
Kathy had taken a new job

1738
01:28:35,080 --> 01:28:38,520
with debonair but smarmy
James Willmott-Brown.

1739
01:28:38,520 --> 01:28:39,600
What's so good about it?

1740
01:28:39,600 --> 01:28:41,840
Well, look at Kath,
your new bar mate.

1741
01:28:41,840 --> 01:28:43,360
Looks that good working on a stall,

1742
01:28:43,360 --> 01:28:45,760
she'll look a real cracker
behind your bar in the evening.

1743
01:28:45,760 --> 01:28:47,160
Yes, very nice.

1744
01:28:47,160 --> 01:28:49,080
Oi, I can hear you two
looking at my wife.

1745
01:28:49,080 --> 01:28:50,640
Many compliments, Pete.

1746
01:28:50,640 --> 01:28:53,480
Now, Pete Beale
doesn't really like the fact

1747
01:28:53,480 --> 01:28:58,320
that his wife is going to work
in the wine bar with Willmott-Brown.

1748
01:28:58,320 --> 01:29:00,520
Why not come into the den tonight?

1749
01:29:00,520 --> 01:29:02,360
It's not my sort of gaff,
you know that.

1750
01:29:02,360 --> 01:29:05,720
Well, then, at least wish me luck.
Sorry, Kath. You know how I feel.

1751
01:29:05,720 --> 01:29:08,000
Willmott-Brown
is a bit of an out-of-towner.

1752
01:29:08,000 --> 01:29:09,760
That's how
he would've been considered.

1753
01:29:09,760 --> 01:29:11,320
Oh, sorry, Kath.

1754
01:29:11,320 --> 01:29:13,120
But Kathy kind of befriends him.

1755
01:29:13,120 --> 01:29:15,400
Certain people have a certain
rapport with each other.

1756
01:29:15,400 --> 01:29:18,040
You know straight away whether
or not you're gonna hit it off.

1757
01:29:18,040 --> 01:29:20,400
That's what the tabloids
call sexual chemistry.

1758
01:29:20,400 --> 01:29:22,000
Well, like you and me,

1759
01:29:22,000 --> 01:29:23,840
we hit it off, didn't we,
when we first met?

1760
01:29:23,840 --> 01:29:25,040
Yeah, I suppose so.

1761
01:29:25,040 --> 01:29:27,800
There were some flirtations
between them,

1762
01:29:27,800 --> 01:29:31,280
but he, one night after work,
invites her upstairs for a drink,

1763
01:29:31,280 --> 01:29:34,000
which felt really normal cos
they knew each other really well.

1764
01:29:34,000 --> 01:29:36,400
Come on.
Pauline'll be asleep by now.

1765
01:29:36,400 --> 01:29:40,720
Ten minutes won't kill you.
Well, all right.

1766
01:29:40,720 --> 01:29:43,800
Let's go upstairs, shall we?
We'll be more comfortable.

1767
01:29:43,800 --> 01:29:47,480
And then she suddenly finds herself
in this really dangerous situation.

1768
01:29:47,480 --> 01:29:49,160
No, honestly, I've got to go.
Kathy.

1769
01:29:49,160 --> 01:29:50,960
Just, please...
Come on. What's the matter?

1770
01:29:50,960 --> 01:29:52,680
Where are you going?
I'm going to Pauline.

1771
01:29:52,680 --> 01:29:54,880
She'll be wondering where I am.
Well, let her wonder.

1772
01:29:54,880 --> 01:29:57,480
Please, James, let me go.
No.

1773
01:29:57,480 --> 01:29:58,920
CLATTERING

1774
01:29:58,920 --> 01:30:02,080
You'd only regret it if I did.

1775
01:30:02,080 --> 01:30:04,520
I know what you came up here for
tonight, Kathy.

1776
01:30:04,520 --> 01:30:06,280
I'm not that stupid.

1777
01:30:06,280 --> 01:30:08,720
It was handled and shot really well

1778
01:30:08,720 --> 01:30:12,200
because we don't actually see
the physical rape itself.

1779
01:30:13,320 --> 01:30:16,920
We didn't need to see the rape
cos it shows the impact.

1780
01:30:16,920 --> 01:30:20,640
While Channel 4's Brookside
had been the first soap

1781
01:30:20,640 --> 01:30:23,280
to include a storyline
based around rape,

1782
01:30:23,280 --> 01:30:27,640
when EastEnders covered the subject,
19 million viewers were watching.

1783
01:30:27,640 --> 01:30:29,640
She's been attacked.

1784
01:30:29,640 --> 01:30:32,640
Well, what do you mean, attacked?
Will someone tell me.

1785
01:30:32,640 --> 01:30:34,360
He raped her?

1786
01:30:34,360 --> 01:30:35,600
And at the time,

1787
01:30:35,600 --> 01:30:38,160
it garnered hundreds of complaints
from viewers

1788
01:30:38,160 --> 01:30:40,200
because, you know, for many of us,

1789
01:30:40,200 --> 01:30:44,600
that was the first time we'd ever
seen a woman attacked on screen

1790
01:30:44,600 --> 01:30:46,080
by someone that she knew.

1791
01:30:46,080 --> 01:30:48,360
I mean, is it right that he should
be allowed to go around

1792
01:30:48,360 --> 01:30:51,000
scot-free to do it again?

1793
01:30:51,000 --> 01:30:53,760
And is it right that Kathy has
to keep this secret from her husband

1794
01:30:53,760 --> 01:30:56,320
just because some bloke wanted sex
and he wanted it from her?

1795
01:30:56,320 --> 01:30:57,520
Is that right?

1796
01:30:59,680 --> 01:31:01,960
All right, I'll call the police.

1797
01:31:01,960 --> 01:31:04,480
It made a big splash
in all the red tops.

1798
01:31:04,480 --> 01:31:07,480
It became a huge talking point
up and down the country.

1799
01:31:07,480 --> 01:31:11,480
The term "date rape", for example,
suddenly became popularised

1800
01:31:11,480 --> 01:31:15,960
off the back of the storyline
with Kathy and Willmott-Brown.

1801
01:31:15,960 --> 01:31:17,240
He went up with the drinks,

1802
01:31:17,240 --> 01:31:19,800
and I didn't wanna make things
unpleasant between us.

1803
01:31:19,800 --> 01:31:21,960
So by mutual agreement,
you went upstairs?

1804
01:31:21,960 --> 01:31:23,400
No, that's not what I said.

1805
01:31:23,400 --> 01:31:25,600
He went and I followed,
but I didn't want to.

1806
01:31:25,600 --> 01:31:27,120
Then you opened
a bottle of Champagne?

1807
01:31:27,120 --> 01:31:28,560
No, he did.

1808
01:31:28,560 --> 01:31:31,280
Women were coming forward saying,
"This has happened to me."

1809
01:31:31,280 --> 01:31:32,960
"My gosh, that's rape, then."

1810
01:31:32,960 --> 01:31:35,960
Kathy, the fact is,
he's saying you consented.

1811
01:31:38,840 --> 01:31:40,640
Well, he's a bloody liar.

1812
01:31:40,640 --> 01:31:44,400
And then the storyline progresses,

1813
01:31:44,400 --> 01:31:48,320
and Pete Beale blames Kathy

1814
01:31:48,320 --> 01:31:51,360
because his jealous rage
can't cope with the fact

1815
01:31:51,360 --> 01:31:53,280
that Willmott-Brown
fancied his wife.

1816
01:31:53,280 --> 01:31:55,560
I've got bruises. Look.
I'll show you the bruises. Look.

1817
01:31:55,560 --> 01:31:57,200
Look, Kath,
I don't need to see bruises.

1818
01:31:57,200 --> 01:31:58,720
Get off! Don't touch me!

1819
01:32:01,120 --> 01:32:04,520
The woman is blamed,
and there is something in this

1820
01:32:04,520 --> 01:32:09,960
that speaks straight into
where we were in the '80s,

1821
01:32:09,960 --> 01:32:15,120
with the progression of women
and women not being believed,

1822
01:32:15,120 --> 01:32:17,320
women crying wolf,

1823
01:32:17,320 --> 01:32:20,280
all of those kinds of narratives
that would've been out there.

1824
01:32:20,280 --> 01:32:25,440
The storyline remains
a landmark soap moment.

1825
01:32:25,440 --> 01:32:27,640
It's harrowing.

1826
01:32:27,640 --> 01:32:30,480
It was harrowing to watch.
It was harrowing television.

1827
01:32:30,480 --> 01:32:34,160
Really hurt...

1828
01:32:34,160 --> 01:32:36,600
hurt me inside...

1829
01:32:36,600 --> 01:32:39,040
hurt me in my mind.

1830
01:32:39,040 --> 01:32:41,440
Her acting in it
is absolutely incredible.

1831
01:32:41,440 --> 01:32:44,320
God, I just wanna pull my skin off.

1832
01:32:44,320 --> 01:32:47,120
I wanna die. I really wanna die.

1833
01:32:47,120 --> 01:32:49,400
It's what soaps like EastEnders
do very, very well,

1834
01:32:49,400 --> 01:32:51,520
by bringing the issues
into the home.

1835
01:32:53,200 --> 01:32:56,920
I think EastEnders, the one thing
that they do very, very well

1836
01:32:56,920 --> 01:32:59,120
is when they do a storyline,

1837
01:32:59,120 --> 01:33:03,120
they handle them in a way
that makes people think,

1838
01:33:03,120 --> 01:33:06,240
and, if anything,
it starts a conversation

1839
01:33:06,240 --> 01:33:08,720
so that change can occur
and be made.

1840
01:33:08,720 --> 01:33:10,480
EastEnders does that very well,

1841
01:33:10,480 --> 01:33:12,600
and they should be commended
for that.