1 00:00:01,301 --> 00:00:02,969 {\an7}Narrator: OVER 2,000 YEARS AGO, 2 00:00:03,003 --> 00:00:06,306 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE 13-YEAR-OLD RULER OF A KINGDOM IN FAR EAST ASIA 3 00:00:06,340 --> 00:00:09,643 {\an7}ORDERED THE BUILDING \hOF HIS MAUSOLEUM. 4 00:00:09,676 --> 00:00:11,845 {\an7}THE BOY WOULD GO ON TO CONQUER AND UNIFY 5 00:00:11,879 --> 00:00:15,349 {\an7}THE SEVEN WARRING STATES OF A CRUMBLING DYNASTY, 6 00:00:15,382 --> 00:00:18,952 {\an7}MAKING IT ONE NATION FOR THE FIRST TIME. 7 00:00:18,986 --> 00:00:21,822 {\an7}HE WOULD LATER BE KNOWN \h\h\hAS QIN SHI HUANG, 8 00:00:21,855 --> 00:00:23,724 {\an7}OR THE FIRST EMPEROR OF QIN, 9 00:00:23,757 --> 00:00:26,260 {\an7}AND WOULD LEAVE BEHIND \h\hAN ENDURING LEGACY 10 00:00:26,293 --> 00:00:29,530 {\an7}THAT HAS SHAPED THE CHINA \h\h\h\h\h\hWE KNOW TODAY. 11 00:00:29,563 --> 00:00:31,932 {\an7}BUT THE LOCATION AND MAGNIFICENCE 12 00:00:31,965 --> 00:00:36,203 {\an7}OF HIS FINAL RESTING PLACE \hWAS LOST FOR CENTURIES. 13 00:00:36,236 --> 00:00:37,704 {\an7}Man: HE WAS LAYING 14 00:00:37,738 --> 00:00:39,907 {\an7}SOME OF THE MOST INTRICATE \h\h\h\h\h\h\hPREPARATIONS 15 00:00:39,940 --> 00:00:42,476 {\an7}TO GO ON LIVING AFTER DEATH. 16 00:00:42,509 --> 00:00:46,613 {\an7}\hNarrator: THEN, IN 1974, WORKERS IN NORTHWEST CHINA 17 00:00:46,647 --> 00:00:48,849 {\an7}FOUND FRAGMENTS OF A CLAY FIGURE 18 00:00:48,982 --> 00:00:50,684 {\an7}\h\h\hAND UNEARTHED ONE OF THE GREATEST 19 00:00:50,717 --> 00:00:53,620 {\an7}ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES \h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN HISTORY. 20 00:00:53,654 --> 00:00:55,823 {\an7}Woman: NOTHING LIKE THAT \h\hHAD BEEN DISCOVERED 21 00:00:55,856 --> 00:00:57,191 {\an7}BEFORE THAT TIME. 22 00:00:57,224 --> 00:00:59,893 {\an7}THIS WAS COMPLETELY \h\h\hUNPRECEDENTED. 23 00:00:59,927 --> 00:01:01,529 {\an7}Narrator: ARCHAEOLOGISTS \h\h\h\h\hWOULD EXCAVATE 24 00:01:01,562 --> 00:01:06,400 {\an7}\h\h\hTHOUSANDS OF TERRA-COTTA SOLDIERS, HORSES AND CHARIOTS. 25 00:01:06,433 --> 00:01:09,336 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hHOW WERE THESE LIFE-SIZE FIGURES MADE? 26 00:01:09,369 --> 00:01:12,272 {\an7}WHY WERE THEY EQUIPPED \h\hWITH REAL WEAPONS? 27 00:01:12,306 --> 00:01:14,308 {\an7}AND WHAT OTHER SECRETS ARE THERE 28 00:01:14,341 --> 00:01:17,644 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBURIED DEEP BENEATH THE COLOSSAL MAN-MADE MOUNTAIN 29 00:01:17,678 --> 00:01:20,414 {\an7}HONORING CHINA’S FIRST EMPEROR? 30 00:01:20,447 --> 00:01:27,921 {\an7}♪ 31 00:01:27,955 --> 00:01:29,390 {\an7}♪ 32 00:01:29,423 --> 00:01:32,059 {\an7}DURING THE SUMMER OF 1974, 33 00:01:32,092 --> 00:01:35,195 {\an7}NEAR THE CENTRAL CHINESE CITY \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF XIANYANG, 34 00:01:35,228 --> 00:01:39,699 {\an7}CAME NEWS OF A SPECTACULAR \h\h\hARCHAEOLOGICAL FIND. 35 00:01:39,733 --> 00:01:42,436 {\an7}BURIED SOME 15 FEET \h\h\hBELOW GROUND, 36 00:01:42,469 --> 00:01:45,572 {\an7}\hNOT ONE BUT HUNDREDS OF LIFE-SIZED FIGURES, 37 00:01:45,606 --> 00:01:47,508 {\an7}MADE OF CLAY. 38 00:01:47,541 --> 00:01:50,277 {\an7}\h\hAN ARMY OF SOLDIERS THAT WOULD BECOME KNOWN 39 00:01:50,310 --> 00:01:54,514 {\an7}AS THE TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS. 40 00:01:54,548 --> 00:01:57,951 {\an7}ARCHAEOLOGIST YUAN ZHONGYI WAS ONE OF THE EXCAVATORS 41 00:01:57,985 --> 00:01:59,787 {\an7}WORKING AT THE SITE. 42 00:01:59,820 --> 00:02:02,089 {\an7}[SPEAKING CHINESE] 43 00:02:02,122 --> 00:02:03,624 {\an7}\h\hYuan Zhongyi, translated: WHEN THE TERRA-COTTA SOLDIERS 44 00:02:03,657 --> 00:02:05,859 {\an7}WERE DISCOVERED, PEOPLE IN CHINA 45 00:02:05,892 --> 00:02:08,828 {\an7}AND AROUND THE WORLD \h\h\h\hWERE AMAZED. 46 00:02:12,065 --> 00:02:13,767 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: TEAMS OF ARCHAEOLOGISTS 47 00:02:13,800 --> 00:02:17,771 {\an7}\h\h\hDESCENDED UPON THE SITE, COMBING THROUGH DIRT AND CLAY, 48 00:02:17,804 --> 00:02:21,875 {\an7}TRYING TO SOLVE A MYSTERY \h\hOVER 2,000 YEARS OLD. 49 00:02:25,178 --> 00:02:28,481 {\an7}\h\h\hYuan: IT WAS A PUZZLE, BECAUSE NO ONE HAD ANY IDEA 50 00:02:28,515 --> 00:02:31,218 {\an7}WHAT THE STATUES WERE. 51 00:02:31,251 --> 00:02:34,488 {\an7}\h\h\hSOME PEOPLE THOUGHT THEY WERE STATUES OF GODS. 52 00:02:34,521 --> 00:02:36,790 {\an7}\h\hA FEW OLD WOMEN WENT INSIDE THE SITE 53 00:02:36,823 --> 00:02:40,894 {\an7}\hAND BURNED INCENSE AND WORSHIPPED THEM. 54 00:02:40,927 --> 00:02:42,762 {\an7}\hOTHER PEOPLE SAID THEY WERE FALSE GODS 55 00:02:42,796 --> 00:02:44,831 {\an7}AND THAT THEY SHOULD \h\h\hBE DESTROYED. 56 00:02:48,335 --> 00:02:51,305 {\an7}\hNarrator: NO ONE KNEW WHO CREATED THE FIGURES, 57 00:02:51,338 --> 00:02:54,975 {\an7}NOR DID THEY KNOW WHEN OR WHY. 58 00:02:57,044 --> 00:03:00,281 {\an7}HUNDREDS OF OBJECTS WERE DUG UP DURING THE EXCAVATION, 59 00:03:00,313 --> 00:03:05,051 {\an7}BUT ARCHAEOLOGISTS’ QUESTIONS \h\h\h\h\hREMAINED UNANSWERED. 60 00:03:05,085 --> 00:03:10,290 {\an7}THEN THEY UNCOVERED A VITAL CLUE TO SOLVING THE MYSTERY-- 61 00:03:10,323 --> 00:03:12,525 {\an7}\hA NUMBER OF RELICS THEY COULD PIN DOWN 62 00:03:12,559 --> 00:03:16,263 {\an7}TO A SPECIFIC TIME PERIOD. 63 00:03:16,296 --> 00:03:20,467 {\an7}THEY WERE BRONZE WEAPONS \h\hCALLED A DAGGER-AXE. 64 00:03:20,500 --> 00:03:23,036 {\an7}\h\h\hIT CONSISTS OF A LONG WOODEN SHAFT 65 00:03:23,070 --> 00:03:25,739 {\an7}WITH A BLADE ATTACHED \h\h\h\h\hTO THE TIP, 66 00:03:25,772 --> 00:03:31,378 {\an7}AND WAS USED TO THRUST AT \h\h\hAND STAB THE ENEMY. 67 00:03:31,411 --> 00:03:34,281 {\an7}RESEARCHERS FOUND ON THE BLADES OF THE WEAPONS 68 00:03:34,314 --> 00:03:36,716 {\an7}A STATEMENT WRITTEN IN A CHINESE SCRIPT 69 00:03:36,750 --> 00:03:40,454 {\an7}FROM THE THIRD CENTURY B.C. 70 00:03:40,487 --> 00:03:43,857 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hYuan: IN THE PIT OF THE TERRA-COTTA SOLDIERS, 71 00:03:43,890 --> 00:03:46,693 {\an7}SOME WEAPONS WERE EXCAVATED. 72 00:03:46,727 --> 00:03:48,829 {\an7}AND ON THOSE WEAPONS \hWERE INSCRIPTIONS 73 00:03:48,862 --> 00:03:52,432 {\an7}OF THE MINISTERS OF THE TIME, \h\h\h\h\hINCLUDING LU BUWEI, 74 00:03:52,466 --> 00:03:54,134 {\an7}WHO SERVED UNDER QIN SHI HUANG, 75 00:03:54,167 --> 00:03:57,437 {\an7}\hTHE FIRST EMPEROR OF THE QIN DYNASTY. 76 00:03:57,471 --> 00:04:01,642 {\an7}THIS CONFIRMED THAT THE TOMB NEARBY WAS QIN SHI HUANG’S. 77 00:04:01,675 --> 00:04:04,077 {\an7}\hIT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO THINK OTHERWISE. 78 00:04:07,481 --> 00:04:09,650 {\an7}Narrator: BUT ONLY AFTER \h\h\h\hMORE EXCAVATION 79 00:04:09,683 --> 00:04:13,453 {\an7}\h\hDID ARCHAEOLOGISTS LEARN THE EXTENT OF THE DISCOVERY. 80 00:04:13,687 --> 00:04:17,491 {\an7}THEY ATTRIBUTED THE VAST TABLEAU TO THE FIRST EMPEROR OF CHINA, 81 00:04:17,524 --> 00:04:21,061 {\an7}QIN SHI HUANG, THE RULER \hWHO CREATED THE NATION 82 00:04:21,094 --> 00:04:24,364 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOUT A GROUP OF WARRING PROVINCES. 83 00:04:24,397 --> 00:04:27,300 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE FIGURES, DUBBED THE TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS, 84 00:04:27,334 --> 00:04:29,269 {\an7}LOOKED VIVIDLY LIFELIKE, 85 00:04:29,302 --> 00:04:33,807 {\an7}\hAS IF BLOOD FLOWED THROUGH THEIR VEINS. 86 00:04:33,840 --> 00:04:36,176 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hSTANDING IN BATTLE-READY FORMATION, 87 00:04:36,209 --> 00:04:38,745 {\an7}THIS ARMY WAS UNVEILED \h\hFOR THE FIRST TIME 88 00:04:38,779 --> 00:04:42,249 {\an7}IN OVER 2,000 YEARS. 89 00:04:42,282 --> 00:04:46,052 {\an7}THE TERRA-COTTA ARMY CAPTURED \h\h\hTHE PUBLIC’S IMAGINATION 90 00:04:46,086 --> 00:04:51,491 {\an7}AND FUELED INTENSE CURIOSITY \h\hABOUT THAT ANCIENT ERA. 91 00:04:51,525 --> 00:04:56,296 {\an7}\hVISITORS WANTED TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THE RULER QIN SHI HUANG 92 00:04:56,396 --> 00:05:01,134 {\an7}\h\h\hAND WHY THE ARMY OF STATUE WARRIORS CAME TO BE BURIED HERE. 93 00:05:01,168 --> 00:05:03,570 {\an7}COMPLICATING MATTERS, SIMA QIAN, 94 00:05:03,670 --> 00:05:06,339 {\an7}THE HISTORIAN WHO CHRONICLED \h\h\h\hTHE EMPEROR’S LIFE, 95 00:05:06,373 --> 00:05:08,242 {\an7}OFFERS LITTLE HELP. 96 00:05:08,275 --> 00:05:10,944 {\an7}Michelle Wang: SIMA QIAN WROTE \h\h\hNOTHING OF THE EXISTENCE 97 00:05:10,977 --> 00:05:12,612 {\an7}OF THE TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS. 98 00:05:12,646 --> 00:05:15,115 {\an7}THERE’S NOTHING IN HIS ACCOUNT \h\h\h\h\hTHAT SUGGESTS TO US 99 00:05:15,215 --> 00:05:17,117 {\an7}\hTHAT HE WAS AWARE OF THEIR PRODUCTION, 100 00:05:17,217 --> 00:05:18,952 {\an7}AND INTERMENT IN THE PITS 101 00:05:18,985 --> 00:05:23,590 {\an7}\hTHAT SURROUNDED THE FIRST EMPEROR OF QIN’S MAUSOLEUM. 102 00:05:23,623 --> 00:05:26,526 {\an7}Narrator: ANSWERING QUESTIONS ABOUT THE TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS 103 00:05:26,560 --> 00:05:31,265 {\an7}\h\hREQUIRES A JOURNEY BACK INTO CHINA’S EARLY HISTORY. 104 00:05:31,364 --> 00:05:35,368 {\an7}IN 246 B.C., A NEW KING \h\hASCENDED THE THRONE 105 00:05:35,402 --> 00:05:39,106 {\an7}IN THE WESTERN STATE OF QIN. 106 00:05:39,139 --> 00:05:41,942 {\an7}LITTLE WAS EXPECTED OF HIM \h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT THE TIME. 107 00:05:41,975 --> 00:05:45,779 {\an7}HE WAS ONLY 13 YEARS OLD. 108 00:05:45,812 --> 00:05:48,081 {\an7}HIS NAME WAS YING ZHENG, 109 00:05:48,114 --> 00:05:51,217 {\an7}THE RULER WHO WOULD LATER \h\hBECOME QIN SHI HUANG, 110 00:05:51,251 --> 00:05:53,820 {\an7}CHINA’S FIRST EMPEROR. 111 00:05:53,854 --> 00:05:57,291 {\an7}FOLLOWING ROYAL TRADITION, \hUPON TAKING THE THRONE, 112 00:05:57,324 --> 00:06:00,160 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE KING ORDERED HIS PRIME MINISTER, LU BUWEI, 113 00:06:00,260 --> 00:06:02,729 {\an7}TO FULFILL A SPECIAL COMMAND. 114 00:06:04,664 --> 00:06:06,432 {\an7}\h\hHou Ningbin, translated: BY THE SECOND YEAR OF THEIR REIGN, 115 00:06:06,466 --> 00:06:09,169 {\an7}KINGS WOULD BEGIN BUILDING \h\h\h\h\hTHEIR OWN TOMBS. 116 00:06:09,202 --> 00:06:11,237 {\an7}THAT’S WHY, AT 14, 117 00:06:11,271 --> 00:06:14,474 {\an7}\h\h\h\hYING ZHENG ORDERED THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIS MAUSOLEUM. 118 00:06:17,043 --> 00:06:19,812 {\an7}\hNarrator: THE CAPITAL OF QIN STATE, XIANYANG, 119 00:06:19,846 --> 00:06:23,550 {\an7}IS ONE OF THE OLDEST \h\hCITIES IN CHINA. 120 00:06:23,583 --> 00:06:27,454 {\an7}\hIT WAS THE EASTERN GATEWAY TO THE FAMED SILK ROAD TRADE ROUTE 121 00:06:27,554 --> 00:06:31,992 {\an7}\h\h\hAND SERVED AS A CENTER OF POLITICS, ECONOMY, AND CULTURE. 122 00:06:35,495 --> 00:06:40,066 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAROUND 246 B.C., ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF XIANYANG, 123 00:06:40,100 --> 00:06:42,069 {\an7}WORK BEGAN ON WHAT WOULD BECOME 124 00:06:42,102 --> 00:06:44,871 {\an7}\hTHE YOUNG RULER’S FINAL RESTING PLACE. 125 00:06:44,971 --> 00:06:48,942 {\an7}♪ 126 00:06:48,975 --> 00:06:52,078 {\an7}\h\hTHE BURIAL MOUND IS 345 METERS WIDE, 127 00:06:52,178 --> 00:06:56,282 {\an7}\h\h350 METERS LONG, AND 55 METERS HIGH, 128 00:06:56,316 --> 00:07:02,422 {\an7}\hA STRUCTURE BIGGER THAN THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA. 129 00:07:02,455 --> 00:07:05,091 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE LOCATION OF THE TERRA-COTTA ARMY SITE 130 00:07:05,125 --> 00:07:08,629 {\an7}\hIS ALMOST A MILE AWAY FROM THE EMPEROR’S BURIAL MOUND. 131 00:07:08,662 --> 00:07:14,735 {\an7}♪ 132 00:07:14,834 --> 00:07:18,037 {\an7}\hBECAUSE OF THE DISTANCE FROM QIN SHI HUANG’S TOMB, 133 00:07:18,071 --> 00:07:21,408 {\an7}\hARCHAEOLOGISTS SUSPECTED THERE WAS MORE TO THE SITE 134 00:07:21,441 --> 00:07:23,243 {\an7}THAN THE LIFE-SIZE CLAY SOLDIERS 135 00:07:23,276 --> 00:07:27,380 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHEY UNCOVERED IN ONE OF SEVERAL PITS BELOW GROUND. 136 00:07:27,414 --> 00:07:30,017 {\an7}THEIR INVESTIGATIONS LED \h\h\hTO THE CONCLUSION 137 00:07:30,050 --> 00:07:33,520 {\an7}THAT THE SOLDIERS SERVED AS BODYGUARDS FOR QIN SHI HUANG 138 00:07:33,553 --> 00:07:35,221 {\an7}IN THE AFTERLIFE. 139 00:07:35,255 --> 00:07:36,423 {\an7}\hAndrew Schonebaum: SOME SCHOLARS THINK 140 00:07:36,556 --> 00:07:38,458 {\an7}THAT THEY ARE DEFENDING IT. 141 00:07:38,491 --> 00:07:42,662 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSOME THINK THAT THEY ARE A REPRESENTATION OF THE RETINUE 142 00:07:42,696 --> 00:07:47,367 {\an7}\hTHAT QIN SHI HUANG WOULD HAVE TRAVELED AROUND HIS EMPIRE WITH. 143 00:07:49,769 --> 00:07:52,872 {\an7}[SPEAKING CHINESE] 144 00:07:52,906 --> 00:07:54,741 {\an7}Yuan: OUR INVESTIGATION \h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE SITE 145 00:07:54,774 --> 00:07:58,778 {\an7}REVEALED IT TO BE \hEXTREMELY LARGE. 146 00:07:58,812 --> 00:08:00,414 {\an7}IN THE FIRST PIT, 147 00:08:00,447 --> 00:08:02,816 {\an7}WE FOUND A LARGE NUMBER \h\h\h\hOF CLAY FIGURES, 148 00:08:02,849 --> 00:08:06,519 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hMOSTLY INFANTRYMEN, SOME CHARIOTEERS, AND HORSES, 149 00:08:06,553 --> 00:08:08,388 {\an7}ABOUT 6,000 OF THEM. 150 00:08:08,421 --> 00:08:10,490 {\an7}[SPEAKING CHINESE] 151 00:08:10,590 --> 00:08:12,025 {\an7}Shen Maosheng, translated: \h\h\h\h\h\hTHE DISCOVERY 152 00:08:12,058 --> 00:08:13,526 {\an7}OF THE TERRA-COTTA ARMY 153 00:08:13,560 --> 00:08:16,830 {\an7}\h\h\h\hHELPED US UNDERSTAND A GREAT DEAL ABOUT THE TIME. 154 00:08:16,863 --> 00:08:19,599 {\an7}ALL OF THE CLAY FIGURES \h\hWERE VERY REALISTIC, 155 00:08:19,632 --> 00:08:22,902 {\an7}SO BY STUDYING THEM, WE LEARNED MUCH ABOUT THE QIN MILITARY, 156 00:08:22,936 --> 00:08:26,440 {\an7}\h\hTHE POLITICAL SITUATION, EVEN THE CLOTHING THEY WORE. 157 00:08:27,974 --> 00:08:29,542 {\an7}[BATTLE CRIES] 158 00:08:29,576 --> 00:08:31,745 {\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: DURING THE THIRD CENTURY B.C., 159 00:08:31,778 --> 00:08:38,585 {\an7}THE REGION WE NOW CALL CHINA \hWAS A BLOODY BATTLEGROUND. 160 00:08:38,752 --> 00:08:41,822 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH THE COLLAPSE OF THE CENTURIES-OLD ZHOU DYNASTY, 161 00:08:41,855 --> 00:08:45,859 {\an7}\h\hSEVEN STATES ERUPTED IN ENDLESS WARS FOR SUPREMACY. 162 00:08:45,892 --> 00:08:50,830 {\an7}♪ 163 00:08:50,864 --> 00:08:53,133 {\an7}THE BATTLES WENT ON FOR DECADES. 164 00:08:53,166 --> 00:08:57,203 {\an7}♪ 165 00:08:57,237 --> 00:09:01,875 {\an7}\hFINALLY, BY 221 B.C., UNDER RULER YING ZHENG, 166 00:09:01,908 --> 00:09:05,245 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE QIN DEFEATED ALL THE OTHER STATES. 167 00:09:05,278 --> 00:09:09,015 {\an7}AND THE REASONS FOR HIS SUCCESS CAN BE FOUND IN THE INNOVATIONS 168 00:09:09,049 --> 00:09:12,219 {\an7}THAT PRODUCED HIS REMARKABLE \h\h\h\h\hARMY OF THE DEAD. 169 00:09:16,856 --> 00:09:18,825 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE WORLD HAS NEVER SEEN ANYTHING 170 00:09:18,858 --> 00:09:22,862 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hQUITE LIKE THE TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS. 171 00:09:22,896 --> 00:09:25,999 {\an7}THE FIGURES ARE TALL AND WEAR EXPRESSIONS 172 00:09:26,032 --> 00:09:29,702 {\an7}\h\hTHAT REVEAL THE IMPOSING CHARACTER AND FIERCE RESOLVE 173 00:09:29,736 --> 00:09:32,672 {\an7}\h\h\hOF THE LEGENDARY QIN DYNASTY SOLDIERS. 174 00:09:36,042 --> 00:09:37,677 {\an7}Shen: LOOKING AT THEM \h\h\h\h\hINDIVIDUALLY 175 00:09:37,710 --> 00:09:39,545 {\an7}AND IN THEIR MILITARY FORMATION, 176 00:09:39,579 --> 00:09:45,685 {\an7}YOU GET A REAL APPRECIATION FOR THE STRENGTH OF THE QIN ARMY. 177 00:09:45,718 --> 00:09:49,355 {\an7}\h\hTHEY’RE EXTRAORDINARY, AND IT’S NO WONDER THAT WITH THEM 178 00:09:49,389 --> 00:09:51,958 {\an7}QIN SHI HUANG CONQUERED \h\h\hTHE OTHER STATES. 179 00:09:56,096 --> 00:09:58,498 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: PIT ONE OF THE TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS 180 00:09:58,531 --> 00:10:03,436 {\an7}DISPLAYS THE BATTLE FORMATION \h\h\h\h\hOF THE QIN MILITARY. 181 00:10:03,470 --> 00:10:07,107 {\an7}THE FIRST THREE ROWS CONSIST \hOF ARCHERS FACING FORWARD. 182 00:10:07,240 --> 00:10:13,113 {\an7}♪ 183 00:10:13,146 --> 00:10:16,783 {\an7}\h\h\hBEHIND THEM STAND INFANTRYMEN IN 38 ROWS, 184 00:10:16,816 --> 00:10:19,986 {\an7}POISED TO STRIKE UPON THE COMMANDER’S ORDER. 185 00:10:20,120 --> 00:10:23,957 {\an7}♪ 186 00:10:23,990 --> 00:10:26,993 {\an7}\hTHE FLANKS ARE DEFENDED BY TROOPS ON THE PERIPHERY 187 00:10:27,026 --> 00:10:31,364 {\an7}FACING OUTWARD, WATCHING FOR THREATS FROM ANY DIRECTION. 188 00:10:31,397 --> 00:10:33,366 {\an7}♪ 189 00:10:33,399 --> 00:10:36,535 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hPIT ONE CONTAINS A WELL-ORGANIZED INFANTRY CORPS 190 00:10:36,636 --> 00:10:38,538 {\an7}OF 6,000 MEN. 191 00:10:38,571 --> 00:10:42,041 {\an7}♪ 192 00:10:42,175 --> 00:10:46,579 {\an7}THE WARRIORS ONCE HELD WEAPONS \h\h\hBEFITTING THEIR DUTIES, 193 00:10:46,679 --> 00:10:49,682 {\an7}AND THE SHAPES OF THEIR HANDS \h\h\hALL DIFFER ACCORDINGLY. 194 00:10:49,716 --> 00:10:54,387 {\an7}♪ 195 00:10:54,420 --> 00:10:58,324 {\an7}THESE ARE SPEARS AND DAGGER-AXES USED BY THE INFANTRYMEN. 196 00:11:00,026 --> 00:11:02,996 {\an7}CROSSBOWS AND BRONZE ARROWS \h\h\h\hALLOWED THE WARRIORS 197 00:11:03,163 --> 00:11:05,732 {\an7}TO ATTACK ENEMIES \hFROM A DISTANCE. 198 00:11:05,765 --> 00:11:10,937 {\an7}♪ 199 00:11:10,970 --> 00:11:12,572 {\an7}DURING THE EXCAVATION, 200 00:11:12,605 --> 00:11:16,476 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hONE DISCOVERY TOOK THE ARCHAEOLOGISTS BY SURPRISE. 201 00:11:19,512 --> 00:11:22,548 {\an7}\hDESPITE BEING BURIED FOR OVER 2,000 YEARS, 202 00:11:22,682 --> 00:11:24,450 {\an7}THE SWORDS OF THE INFANTRYMEN 203 00:11:24,484 --> 00:11:27,854 {\an7}WERE STILL IN PRISTINE, \h\hRUST-FREE CONDITION. 204 00:11:31,157 --> 00:11:36,696 {\an7}THE QIN DYNASTY’S METALWORK WAS HIGHLY ADVANCED FOR ITS TIME. 205 00:11:36,729 --> 00:11:42,335 {\an7}[SHOUTING] 206 00:11:42,368 --> 00:11:45,037 {\an7}\h\h\hRESEARCHERS EXAMINED WHY THE WEAPONS MAINTAINED 207 00:11:45,071 --> 00:11:48,841 {\an7}THEIR KEEN CUTTING EDGE \h\h\h\hAND DIDN’T RUST. 208 00:11:48,875 --> 00:11:50,844 {\an7}\h\hHou: WE DID TESTS TO SEE WHY THE SWORDS 209 00:11:50,877 --> 00:11:54,948 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE STILL SHARP AFTER BEING BURIED SO LONG. 210 00:11:54,981 --> 00:11:56,850 {\an7}WE FOUND EVIDENCE OF CHROMIUM OXIDE 211 00:11:56,883 --> 00:11:58,251 {\an7}ON THE SWORD BLADES, 212 00:11:58,284 --> 00:12:01,521 {\an7}WHICH PREVENTS THEM \h\h\hFROM RUSTING. 213 00:12:01,621 --> 00:12:04,190 {\an7}\h\hIT’S IMPRESSIVE THAT CHINA HAD DEVELOPED THIS TECHNOLOGY 214 00:12:04,224 --> 00:12:07,227 {\an7}OVER 1,000 YEARS BEFORE \h\h\hTHE WESTERN WORLD. 215 00:12:07,260 --> 00:12:10,096 {\an7}AFTER ALL, GERMANY DIDN’T \h\h\hDISCOVER THIS METHOD 216 00:12:10,129 --> 00:12:14,600 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hUNTIL THE 1930s, AND AMERICA NOT UNTIL THE 1950s. 217 00:12:20,173 --> 00:12:21,908 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: BONDING A CHROMIUM OXIDE COATING 218 00:12:21,941 --> 00:12:23,576 {\an7}TO A METAL SURFACE 219 00:12:23,610 --> 00:12:26,780 {\an7}\h\h\hREQUIRES TEMPERATURES OF 1,400 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT 220 00:12:26,813 --> 00:12:29,382 {\an7}\h\h\hTO TOUGHEN IT AND MAKE IT DURABLE. 221 00:12:29,415 --> 00:12:34,620 {\an7}[SHOUTING] 222 00:12:34,654 --> 00:12:36,990 {\an7}\h\hBECAUSE OF THIS ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, 223 00:12:37,023 --> 00:12:40,360 {\an7}THE QIN STATE’S WEAPONRY AND ITS SUPERIOR TROOP STRENGTH 224 00:12:40,393 --> 00:12:42,695 {\an7}GAVE ITS FIGHTERS AN ADVANTAGE \h\h\h\h\h\hOVER THEIR ENEMIES 225 00:12:42,729 --> 00:12:44,898 {\an7}ON THE BATTLEFIELD. 226 00:12:45,064 --> 00:12:49,268 {\an7}[SHOUTING] 227 00:12:51,204 --> 00:12:56,609 {\an7}\hTHE INITIAL EXCAVATION OF PIT ONE TOOK OVER TWO YEARS. 228 00:12:56,743 --> 00:12:58,411 {\an7}DURING THAT TIME, 229 00:12:58,578 --> 00:13:02,415 {\an7}\hTHE ARCHAEOLOGISTS UNCOVERED TWO MORE PITS IN THE VICINITY. 230 00:13:08,288 --> 00:13:11,458 {\an7}PIT TWO IS LOCATED ABOUT \h\h60 FEET FROM PIT ONE 231 00:13:11,491 --> 00:13:13,727 {\an7}AND IS SMALLER IN SIZE. 232 00:13:13,826 --> 00:13:18,464 {\an7}BUT MEASURING 136 YARDS WIDE \h\h\h\hAND 107 YARDS LONG, 233 00:13:18,498 --> 00:13:21,701 {\an7}IT’S STILL THREE TIMES LARGER \h\h\h\h\hTHAN A SOCCER FIELD. 234 00:13:21,801 --> 00:13:26,506 {\an7}THE FIGURES AND WEAPONS HERE \h\h\h\hDIFFER FROM PIT ONE. 235 00:13:26,539 --> 00:13:29,842 {\an7}Shen: PIT TWO CONTAINS A VARIETY OF SOLDIERS, 236 00:13:29,876 --> 00:13:32,212 {\an7}INCLUDING ARCHERS \hAND CHARIOTEERS, 237 00:13:32,245 --> 00:13:37,917 {\an7}\hCOMPARED TO PIT ONE, WHICH CONTAINS MAINLY INFANTRYMEN. 238 00:13:38,084 --> 00:13:41,220 {\an7}Narrator: AFTER 20 MONTHS SPENT REMOVING EARTH AND TIMBERS, 239 00:13:41,254 --> 00:13:43,423 {\an7}ARCHEOLOGISTS FOUND PIT TWO 240 00:13:43,456 --> 00:13:49,028 {\an7}TO BE FULL OF CHARIOTS, ARCHERS, AND CAVALRYMEN. 241 00:13:49,062 --> 00:13:52,566 {\an7}SOLDIERS WITH CROSSBOWS STOOD \h\hIN FORMATION AT THE FRONT, 242 00:13:52,598 --> 00:13:55,901 {\an7}\hWHILE CAVALRYMEN WERE POSITIONED BEHIND THEM. 243 00:13:59,339 --> 00:14:01,608 {\an7}FLANKED TO THE SIDE \hWAS A MIXED ARRAY 244 00:14:01,641 --> 00:14:04,277 {\an7}OF MID-SIZED CHARIOTS \h\h\hAND INFANTRYMEN, 245 00:14:04,377 --> 00:14:08,715 {\an7}WITH THREE ARMORED MEN PLACED IN EACH OF THE FOUR-HORSE CHARIOTS. 246 00:14:08,748 --> 00:14:19,759 {\an7}♪ 247 00:14:19,792 --> 00:14:22,962 {\an7}\h\h\h\hARCHAEOLOGISTS ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF HORSES IN PIT TWO 248 00:14:22,995 --> 00:14:26,365 {\an7}TO BE OVER 500. 249 00:14:26,399 --> 00:14:28,368 {\an7}THE HORSE FIGURES REVEALED A FEATURE 250 00:14:28,401 --> 00:14:32,138 {\an7}PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN TO EXPERTS. 251 00:14:32,171 --> 00:14:34,206 {\an7}[SPEAKING CHINESE] 252 00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:35,975 {\an7}Xu Weimin, translated: WE FOUND THE HORSE SADDLES IN THIS PIT 253 00:14:36,008 --> 00:14:40,479 {\an7}TO BE VERY WELL DECORATED. 254 00:14:40,513 --> 00:14:42,415 {\an7}PUTTING A SADDLE ON A HORSE 255 00:14:42,448 --> 00:14:44,784 {\an7}\h\h\hMAKES FOR MORE COMFORTABLE RIDING, 256 00:14:44,817 --> 00:14:46,419 {\an7}AND IT ALSO GIVES YOU \h\h\h\h\hAN ADVANTAGE 257 00:14:46,452 --> 00:14:48,487 {\an7}WHEN YOU’RE FIGHTING IN BATTLE. 258 00:14:50,923 --> 00:14:52,691 {\an7}Narrator: BEFORE THIS DISCOVERY, 259 00:14:52,725 --> 00:14:55,428 {\an7}SCHOLARS THOUGHT THAT SADDLES \h\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE FIRST USED 260 00:14:55,461 --> 00:15:00,933 {\an7}IN THE HAN DYNASTY, THE EMPIRE \h\h\h\hTHAT FOLLOWED THE QIN. 261 00:15:00,967 --> 00:15:04,904 {\an7}SADDLES WERE KNOWN TO GREATLY \hIMPROVE THE SPEED, MOBILITY, 262 00:15:04,937 --> 00:15:08,174 {\an7}AND TACTICAL STRATEGY \h\hOF THE CAVALRYMEN. 263 00:15:08,207 --> 00:15:13,245 {\an7}♪ 264 00:15:13,279 --> 00:15:15,748 {\an7}ANOTHER INNOVATION \hFOUND IN PIT TWO 265 00:15:15,782 --> 00:15:19,052 {\an7}INVOLVED THE CROSSBOWMEN \h\hIN THE FRONT RANKS. 266 00:15:23,189 --> 00:15:25,958 {\an7}\h\hTHEIR POWERFUL WEAPONS HAD AN AUTOMATIC TRIGGER, 267 00:15:25,992 --> 00:15:27,427 {\an7}WHICH MAY HAVE BEEN THE REASON 268 00:15:27,460 --> 00:15:29,762 {\an7}FOR THE QIN ARMY’S SUCCESS IN BATTLE. 269 00:15:29,796 --> 00:15:40,273 {\an7}♪ 270 00:15:40,306 --> 00:15:43,142 {\an7}\h\h\hSOME EXPERTS THINK THE CROSSBOW HAD A RANGE 271 00:15:43,176 --> 00:15:47,347 {\an7}TWICE THAT OF TODAY’S MODERN ASSAULT RIFLES. 272 00:15:47,380 --> 00:15:49,983 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hDURING BATTLE, SOLDIERS WITH CROSSBOWS 273 00:15:50,016 --> 00:15:52,285 {\an7}MUST HAVE SHOT BRONZE ARROWS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCONTINUOUSLY 274 00:15:52,318 --> 00:15:54,086 {\an7}FROM THE FRONT LINES, 275 00:15:54,120 --> 00:15:57,824 {\an7}BOMBARDING THE ENEMY FORCES FROM AS MUCH AS A MILE AWAY. 276 00:15:57,857 --> 00:16:03,029 {\an7}♪ 277 00:16:03,062 --> 00:16:06,165 {\an7}LATER RESEARCH HAS FOUND THAT THE TRIGGERS OF THE CROSSBOWS 278 00:16:06,199 --> 00:16:08,068 {\an7}HAD STANDARDIZED PARTS. 279 00:16:10,236 --> 00:16:12,305 {\an7}THIS WOULD ALLOW SOLDIERS \h\h\h\hTO QUICKLY REPLACE 280 00:16:12,338 --> 00:16:14,740 {\an7}BROKEN OR DEFECTIVE TRIGGERS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH A SPARE 281 00:16:14,774 --> 00:16:17,310 {\an7}WHILE ON THE BATTLEFIELD. 282 00:16:17,343 --> 00:16:18,644 {\an7}[SPEAKING CHINESE] 283 00:16:18,678 --> 00:16:20,079 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hXu: THIS WAS THE EARLIEST INSTANCE 284 00:16:20,112 --> 00:16:23,482 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF CHINA STANDARDIZING WEAPONS. 285 00:16:23,516 --> 00:16:26,919 {\an7}WE THINK OF STANDARDIZATION \h\h\h\hAS A MODERN CONCEPT. 286 00:16:26,953 --> 00:16:29,556 {\an7}BUT EXAMINING THESE WEAPONS \h\h\hFROM THE QIN DYNASTY, 287 00:16:29,589 --> 00:16:31,791 {\an7}\h\hIT’S CLEAR THEY WERE TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED 288 00:16:31,824 --> 00:16:33,893 {\an7}IN TERMS OF PRODUCTION. 289 00:16:36,395 --> 00:16:39,365 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSO, SCHOLARS NOW SAY THE QIN DYNASTY WAS THE FIRST 290 00:16:39,398 --> 00:16:41,634 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTO MAKE WEAPONS WITH REPLACEABLE PARTS. 291 00:16:47,173 --> 00:16:51,244 {\an7}Narrator: SYSTEMIZATION WAS NOT LIMITED TO THE CROSSBOW. 292 00:16:51,277 --> 00:16:53,045 {\an7}MOST OTHER WEAPONS, 293 00:16:53,079 --> 00:16:56,816 {\an7}\h\hINCLUDING BRONZE ARROWHEADS, SPEARS, SWORDS, AND DAGGER-AXES, 294 00:16:56,849 --> 00:17:00,920 {\an7}WERE STANDARDIZED AS WELL. 295 00:17:00,953 --> 00:17:03,656 {\an7}IT MEANT THAT QIN SOLDIERS \h\hWOULD NOT BE HAMPERED 296 00:17:03,689 --> 00:17:05,658 {\an7}BY BROKEN WEAPONS \hDURING BATTLE-- 297 00:17:05,791 --> 00:17:07,860 {\an7}A KEY FACTOR TO THEIR SUCCESS. 298 00:17:07,894 --> 00:17:10,897 {\an7}[SHOUTING] 299 00:17:10,930 --> 00:17:15,935 {\an7}♪ 300 00:17:15,968 --> 00:17:17,703 {\an7}WHILE PITS ONE AND TWO CONTAIN 301 00:17:17,737 --> 00:17:21,541 {\an7}THOUSANDS OF INFANTRYMEN \h\h\h\hAND CAVALRYMEN, 302 00:17:21,574 --> 00:17:23,242 {\an7}PIT THREE IS THE SMALLEST 303 00:17:23,342 --> 00:17:27,913 {\an7}AND HOUSES THE ARMY’S HIGH-RANKING OFFICERS. 304 00:17:27,947 --> 00:17:32,919 {\an7}THIS SEPARATE COMMAND POST \h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS UNUSUAL. 305 00:17:32,952 --> 00:17:37,023 {\an7}TODAY’S MODERN WARFARE FEATURES SUPERIOR OFFICERS ISSUING ORDERS 306 00:17:37,056 --> 00:17:41,127 {\an7}FROM A COMMAND POST \hBEHIND THE LINES. 307 00:17:41,160 --> 00:17:43,262 {\an7}\hBUT THIS WAS RARE IN ANCIENT BATTLES, 308 00:17:43,429 --> 00:17:45,264 {\an7}WHERE STRATEGIES WERE DIFFERENT. 309 00:17:48,267 --> 00:17:50,469 {\an7}\h\h\h\hShen: BACK THEN, MOST MILITARY COMMANDERS 310 00:17:50,503 --> 00:17:52,572 {\an7}LED TROOPS ONTO THE BATTLEFIELD. 311 00:17:52,605 --> 00:17:55,074 {\an7}BUT INSTEAD, THE QIN OFFICERS \h\h\h\h\h\hUSED THEIR SKILLS 312 00:17:55,107 --> 00:17:57,676 {\an7}\h\hTO ISSUE ORDERS FROM BEHIND THE FRONT LINES. 313 00:17:59,645 --> 00:18:02,281 {\an7}Narrator: THE QIN DYNASTY HAD WELL-TRAINED SOLDIERS, 314 00:18:02,381 --> 00:18:08,287 {\an7}\hSTATE-OF-THE-ART WEAPONS, AND EMPLOYED BOLD MILITARY TACTICS. 315 00:18:08,321 --> 00:18:11,257 {\an7}THIS IS HOW EXPERTS BELIEVE THEY FOUGHT. 316 00:18:11,290 --> 00:18:14,627 {\an7}[MARCHING FOOTSTEPS] 317 00:18:14,727 --> 00:18:17,263 {\an7}WHEN THE COMMANDING OFFICERS \h\h\h\h\h\hGAVE THE ORDERS, 318 00:18:17,296 --> 00:18:20,833 {\an7}\h\h\hSOLDIERS WITH CROSSBOWS AT THE FRONT LINES ATTACKED FIRST, 319 00:18:20,967 --> 00:18:22,902 {\an7}RAINING ARROWS DOWN \h\h\hON THE ENEMY. 320 00:18:23,069 --> 00:18:25,939 {\an7}[ARROWS WHIZZING] 321 00:18:25,972 --> 00:18:28,842 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHIS WOULD PLUNGE THE ADVERSARIES INTO CHAOS, 322 00:18:28,874 --> 00:18:31,543 {\an7}WHILE QIN INFANTRYMEN \h\h\hFOLLOWING BEHIND 323 00:18:31,577 --> 00:18:34,113 {\an7}WOULD BEGIN THEIR ADVANCE. 324 00:18:34,180 --> 00:18:40,653 {\an7}CHARIOTEERS AND CAVALRYMEN WOULD THEN RUSH TO OUTFLANK THE ENEMY. 325 00:18:40,686 --> 00:18:43,122 {\an7}\hWITH INFANTRYMEN CHARGING HEAD ON, 326 00:18:43,155 --> 00:18:46,625 {\an7}CAVALRYMEN AND CHARIOTEERS \h\h\hUSED A PINCER ACTION 327 00:18:46,726 --> 00:18:51,130 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO SURROUND THE ENEMY AND CLOSE OFF ANY ESCAPE ROUTE. 328 00:18:51,163 --> 00:18:54,400 {\an7}THE RESULT--ANNIHILATION. 329 00:18:54,567 --> 00:18:56,269 {\an7}♪ 330 00:18:56,402 --> 00:18:59,138 {\an7}WITH SUPERIOR WEAPONS AND BRILLIANT TACTICS, 331 00:18:59,171 --> 00:19:01,807 {\an7}THE QIN ARMY DEFEATED THE NEIGHBORING STATES 332 00:19:01,841 --> 00:19:03,476 {\an7}IN LESS THAN A DECADE, 333 00:19:03,509 --> 00:19:07,680 {\an7}SETTING THE STAGE FOR A NEW ERA IN THE REGION’S HISTORY. 334 00:19:07,713 --> 00:19:10,683 {\an7}\h\hBUT EVEN THOUGH HE NOW HAD VICTORY IN HIS HANDS, 335 00:19:10,716 --> 00:19:13,919 {\an7}YING ZHENG WOULD CRAVE \h\h\hSOMETHING MORE. 336 00:19:16,155 --> 00:19:21,027 {\an7}[POUNDING DRUM] 337 00:19:21,060 --> 00:19:23,062 {\an7}IN 221 B.C., 338 00:19:23,095 --> 00:19:26,198 {\an7}FOLLOWING THE END OF NEARLY \h\h\hTWO CENTURIES OF WAR, 339 00:19:26,232 --> 00:19:32,105 {\an7}A GRAND CEREMONY TOOK PLACE \h\hIN THE XIANYANG PALACE. 340 00:19:32,138 --> 00:19:34,273 {\an7}HERE, YING ZHENG, 341 00:19:34,306 --> 00:19:36,842 {\an7}THE 38-YEAR-OLD RULER \h\h\h\hOF QIN STATE, 342 00:19:36,876 --> 00:19:38,478 {\an7}DECLARED HIMSELF SOVEREIGN 343 00:19:38,511 --> 00:19:41,347 {\an7}\h\h\hOVER THE LANDS OF THE FORMER ZHOU DYNASTY. 344 00:19:41,380 --> 00:19:44,450 {\an7}HE ASSUMED THE NEW NAME \h\h\h\h"QIN SHI HUANG," 345 00:19:44,483 --> 00:19:49,021 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE FIRST EMPEROR OF THE NEW QIN DYNASTY. 346 00:19:49,055 --> 00:19:50,957 {\an7}Schonebaum: WHEN THE KING \h\h\hOF QIN, YING ZHENG, 347 00:19:50,990 --> 00:19:55,895 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCROWNED HIMSELF THE FIRST EMPEROR OF THE QIN, 348 00:19:55,928 --> 00:19:57,830 {\an7}THAT WAS AN UNPRECEDENTED MOVE. 349 00:19:57,930 --> 00:20:01,033 {\an7}AND IT SHOWS THAT HE UNDERSTOOD THE MAGNITUDE 350 00:20:01,067 --> 00:20:03,670 {\an7}OF WHAT HE HAD ACCOMPLISHED. 351 00:20:03,769 --> 00:20:07,106 {\an7}\h\h\hWang: IT SUGGESTS TO US THAT HE NO LONGER SAW HIMSELF 352 00:20:07,139 --> 00:20:08,907 {\an7}MERELY AS A TERRESTRIAL KING. 353 00:20:08,941 --> 00:20:11,811 {\an7}BUT RATHER HE SAW HIS ROLE \h\h\h\hAS BEING ELEVATED 354 00:20:11,844 --> 00:20:15,581 {\an7}TO THAT OF THE RULER \h\h\hOF AN EMPIRE, 355 00:20:15,614 --> 00:20:21,186 {\an7}AND A ROLE THAT COULD BE VIEWED PERHAPS ON COSMIC PROPORTIONS. 356 00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:24,156 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: QIN SHI HUANG WOULD GO ON TO UNIFY HIS REALM 357 00:20:24,190 --> 00:20:26,559 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBY IMPOSING A SERIES OF REFORMS-- 358 00:20:26,592 --> 00:20:29,462 {\an7}ABOLISHING THE LONG-STANDING \h\h\h\h\h\h\hFEUDAL SYSTEM, 359 00:20:29,495 --> 00:20:31,497 {\an7}CENTRALIZING THE LEGAL CODE, 360 00:20:31,530 --> 00:20:33,732 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSTANDARDIZING WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, 361 00:20:33,766 --> 00:20:35,801 {\an7}INTRODUCING A COMMON CURRENCY, 362 00:20:35,835 --> 00:20:39,405 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND ESTABLISHING A SINGLE WRITING SYSTEM. 363 00:20:39,438 --> 00:20:41,874 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT DESPITE HIS TRIUMPHANT ACHIEVEMENT, 364 00:20:41,907 --> 00:20:45,944 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHERE WAS ONE GOAL THAT ELUDED QIN SHI HUANG. 365 00:20:45,978 --> 00:20:48,481 {\an7}IT WAS HIS DESIRE TO CONQUER DEATH-- 366 00:20:48,514 --> 00:20:51,984 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTO BE IMMORTAL-- AN EMPEROR IN THE AFTERLIFE. 367 00:20:52,084 --> 00:20:53,919 {\an7}Wang: QIN SHI HUANG’S PURSUIT OF IMMORTALITY 368 00:20:53,953 --> 00:20:56,856 {\an7}\h\h\hIS KNOWN TO US FROM THE ACCOUNTS OF SIMA QIAN. 369 00:20:56,889 --> 00:20:59,992 {\an7}THIS WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN AT ALL UNUSUAL AT THE TIME. 370 00:21:00,025 --> 00:21:01,927 {\an7}WHAT IS UNUSUAL, HOWEVER, 371 00:21:01,961 --> 00:21:04,630 {\an7}IS THE GREAT LENGTHS \h\hTO WHICH HE WENT 372 00:21:04,663 --> 00:21:09,268 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIN ORDER TO CREATE HIS POSTMORTEM ENVIRONMENT. 373 00:21:09,368 --> 00:21:12,504 {\an7}Schonebaum: THE IDEA IS CLEARLY THAT THE DECEASED 374 00:21:12,538 --> 00:21:17,176 {\an7}WOULD CONTINUE TO LIVE IN DEATH AS THEY DID IN LIFE. 375 00:21:17,209 --> 00:21:20,879 {\an7}AND THEY WOULD WANT THE COMFORTS THAT THEY HAD IN LIFE. 376 00:21:20,913 --> 00:21:23,749 {\an7}Narrator: QIN SHI HUANG DEMANDED THAT HIS MAUSOLEUM, 377 00:21:23,849 --> 00:21:25,417 {\an7}\h\hWHICH HAD BEEN UNDER CONSTRUCTION 378 00:21:25,584 --> 00:21:27,486 {\an7}SINCE HE WAS 14 YEARS OLD, 379 00:21:27,520 --> 00:21:31,791 {\an7}\h\hREFLECT THE SCALE OF HIS POWER AND GRANDEUR. 380 00:21:31,824 --> 00:21:36,462 {\an7}ANCIENT RECORDS SAY OVER 700,000 LABORERS WORKED ON THE SITE 381 00:21:36,495 --> 00:21:38,697 {\an7}FOR OVER THREE DECADES. 382 00:21:38,731 --> 00:21:43,202 {\an7}THEY CREATED A PROMINENT EARTHEN MOUND THAT RISES TO 150 FEET, 383 00:21:43,302 --> 00:21:46,005 {\an7}WHILE DIGGING THE EMPEROR’S \h\h\h\hROYAL RESTING PLACE 384 00:21:46,038 --> 00:21:49,008 {\an7}DEEP UNDERGROUND. 385 00:21:49,041 --> 00:21:51,043 {\an7}Shen: IN THE PAST, \hPEOPLE HAVE SAID 386 00:21:51,076 --> 00:21:53,345 {\an7}THAT WHILE THEY WERE \hBUILDING THE TOMB, 387 00:21:53,379 --> 00:21:58,084 {\an7}WORKERS DUG DOWN THROUGH THREE SEPARATE SPRINGS, 388 00:21:58,184 --> 00:22:03,456 {\an7}\hWHICH WE THINK MEANS THREE LAYERS OF UNDERGROUND WATER. 389 00:22:03,489 --> 00:22:07,093 {\an7}THAT’S ABOUT 85 TO 90 FEET \h\h\h\hBELOW THE SURFACE. 390 00:22:08,761 --> 00:22:10,830 {\an7}Narrator: IT WAS BRUTAL, \h\h\hBACKBREAKING WORK 391 00:22:10,896 --> 00:22:14,633 {\an7}THAT CAME WITH A HIGH PRICE. 392 00:22:14,667 --> 00:22:17,904 {\an7}ARCHAEOLOGISTS LATER DISCOVERED MUTILATED SKELETONS 393 00:22:17,937 --> 00:22:20,339 {\an7}THAT TOLD A HORRIFYING STORY. 394 00:22:20,372 --> 00:22:22,674 {\an7}COUNTLESS WORKERS DIED OF EXHAUSTION 395 00:22:22,708 --> 00:22:25,611 {\an7}AND WERE BURIED IN MASS GRAVES. 396 00:22:25,644 --> 00:22:29,014 {\an7}OTHERS WERE APPARENTLY KILLED \hTO KEEP THEM FROM REVEALING 397 00:22:29,048 --> 00:22:33,819 {\an7}THE SECRETS AND LOCATION \h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE TOMB. 398 00:22:33,853 --> 00:22:39,158 {\an7}\h\hIT TOOK 38 YEARS TO COMPLETE THE MAUSOLEUM OF QIN SHI HUANG. 399 00:22:39,191 --> 00:22:44,363 {\an7}HIS ROYAL CHAMBER WAS PLACED IN THE CENTER OF THE BURIAL MOUND. 400 00:22:44,396 --> 00:22:47,699 {\an7}INNER AND OUTER WALLS WERE BUILT COMPLETE WITH WATCHTOWERS. 401 00:22:47,733 --> 00:22:51,837 {\an7}♪ 402 00:22:51,871 --> 00:22:55,208 {\an7}\h\h\h\hMANY PITS CONTAINING THE WARRIORS OF THE TERRA-COTTA ARMY 403 00:22:55,241 --> 00:22:57,710 {\an7}WERE ALSO LOCATED NEARBY. 404 00:22:57,743 --> 00:23:00,846 {\an7}♪ 405 00:23:00,880 --> 00:23:03,516 {\an7}THE EMPEROR’S UNDERGROUND PALACE WAS CONSTRUCTED 406 00:23:03,549 --> 00:23:06,519 {\an7}OVER 2,000 YEARS AGO, 407 00:23:06,552 --> 00:23:08,921 {\an7}BUT IT STILL AWAITS EXCAVATION. 408 00:23:10,389 --> 00:23:11,857 {\an7}Hou: QIN SHI HUANG’S TOMB 409 00:23:11,891 --> 00:23:14,193 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIS IN THE MIDDLE OF THE MAUSOLEUM GROUNDS, 410 00:23:14,226 --> 00:23:17,663 {\an7}\hWHICH IS JUST UNDER A SQUARE MILE IN AREA. 411 00:23:17,696 --> 00:23:19,398 {\an7}NO ONE KNOWS FOR CERTAIN, 412 00:23:19,431 --> 00:23:21,266 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT IT’S THOUGHT THAT THE UNDERGROUND PALACE 413 00:23:21,300 --> 00:23:23,936 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLIES UNDER THE EARTHEN MOUND THERE. 414 00:23:24,036 --> 00:23:26,138 {\an7}COMPARED TO OTHER \hMAUSOLEUM SITES, 415 00:23:26,171 --> 00:23:28,874 {\an7}\h\hTHIS IS CONSIDERED TO BE ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST, 416 00:23:28,908 --> 00:23:30,777 {\an7}LARGEST. 417 00:23:32,745 --> 00:23:35,147 {\an7}Narrator: NEARLY FIVE MILLION \h\h\h\hVISITORS COME ANNUALLY 418 00:23:35,180 --> 00:23:38,884 {\an7}TO SEE THE EXCAVATION SITE. 419 00:23:38,918 --> 00:23:45,291 {\an7}WHAT DRAWS IN MOST VISITORS IS THE MASSIVE TERRA-COTTA ARMY. 420 00:23:45,324 --> 00:23:48,394 {\an7}OUT OF 8,000 LIFE-SIZED \h\hTERRA-COTTA WARRIORS 421 00:23:48,427 --> 00:23:49,995 {\an7}FOUND BY EXCAVATORS, 422 00:23:50,029 --> 00:23:54,033 {\an7}\h\h\h\hNOT ONE OF THEM APPEARS TO BE THE SAME. 423 00:23:54,066 --> 00:23:56,769 {\an7}Wang: BECAUSE OF THEIR HIGHLY \h\h\h\hREALISTIC APPEARANCE, 424 00:23:56,802 --> 00:23:58,737 {\an7}\hIT IS OFTEN SAID THAT THE TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS 425 00:23:58,771 --> 00:24:01,107 {\an7}WERE INTENDED TO BE PORTRAITS. 426 00:24:01,273 --> 00:24:03,542 {\an7}\h\h\hWHILE WE CANNOT ANSWER THIS QUESTION DEFINITIVELY, 427 00:24:03,575 --> 00:24:06,378 {\an7}\h\hWHAT WE DO KNOW IS THAT THEIR METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION 428 00:24:06,478 --> 00:24:08,080 {\an7}WAS HIGHLY MODULAR, 429 00:24:08,113 --> 00:24:12,417 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THAT THIS WAS WORK CARRIED OUT BY PALACE ARTISANS. 430 00:24:12,451 --> 00:24:14,153 {\an7}Narrator: EXPERTS MARVEL \h\h\h\hAT THE CREATION 431 00:24:14,186 --> 00:24:15,921 {\an7}OF THE TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS, 432 00:24:15,955 --> 00:24:18,224 {\an7}SAYING THEY COULD NOT \h\h\hEASILY BE MADE, 433 00:24:18,257 --> 00:24:20,326 {\an7}EVEN WITH MODERN TECHNOLOGY. 434 00:24:20,426 --> 00:24:24,297 {\an7}SO HOW DID QIN STATE ARTISANS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCREATE THEM? 435 00:24:24,396 --> 00:24:27,366 {\an7}THIS DEMONSTRATION SHOWS \hCONTEMPORARY ARTISANS 436 00:24:27,399 --> 00:24:31,370 {\an7}CREATING SIMILAR FIGURES \hOUT OF THE LOCAL CLAY. 437 00:24:31,503 --> 00:24:34,406 {\an7}IF THE CLAY IS TOO WET \h\h\h\h\hOR TOO DRY, 438 00:24:34,440 --> 00:24:36,809 {\an7}THE SCULPTED FIGURE \hWOULD FALL APART. 439 00:24:36,842 --> 00:24:40,446 {\an7}SO BACK THEN, QIN ARTISANS \hUSED A SPECIAL TECHNIQUE 440 00:24:40,479 --> 00:24:42,982 {\an7}TO CREATE THE WARRIORS. 441 00:24:43,015 --> 00:24:45,351 {\an7}\h\h\hIN THIS CASE, THEY MADE CLAY ROPES 442 00:24:45,384 --> 00:24:48,921 {\an7}AND FORMED THE FIGURE \hFROM BOTTOM TO TOP. 443 00:24:48,954 --> 00:24:52,791 {\an7}AS A RESULT, THE HOLLOW STATUES WOULD BE LESS LIKELY TO COLLAPSE 444 00:24:52,825 --> 00:24:54,960 {\an7}UNDER THEIR OWN WEIGHT. 445 00:24:56,795 --> 00:25:00,932 {\an7}\h\hTHIS METHOD ALSO LENT ITSELF TO INDIVIDUALIZING EACH FIGURE. 446 00:25:00,966 --> 00:25:03,836 {\an7}BY ADJUSTING THE THICKNESS \h\h\h\hOF THE CLAY ROPES, 447 00:25:03,869 --> 00:25:08,974 {\an7}THE SCULPTORS COULD MAKE DIFFERENT SHAPED BODIES. 448 00:25:09,008 --> 00:25:10,776 {\an7}ONCE THE BODIES WERE COMPLETE, 449 00:25:10,809 --> 00:25:14,479 {\an7}\h\hTHEY WOULD ADD THE FINISHING TOUCHES, SUCH AS ARMOR DETAILS. 450 00:25:14,513 --> 00:25:21,220 {\an7}♪ 451 00:25:21,253 --> 00:25:23,856 {\an7}\h\h\h\hCOMPLEX PARTS SUCH AS HANDS AND FEET 452 00:25:23,922 --> 00:25:25,457 {\an7}WERE MADE SEPARATELY 453 00:25:25,491 --> 00:25:28,427 {\an7}AND DRIED BEFORE BEING FITTED TO THE BODIES. 454 00:25:31,597 --> 00:25:33,566 {\an7}EXPERTS THINK THE HEADS \h\h\h\h\hWERE NOT BASED 455 00:25:33,599 --> 00:25:35,601 {\an7}ON THE CRAFTSMEN’S IMAGINATION, 456 00:25:35,634 --> 00:25:38,737 {\an7}BUT INSTEAD MODELED \hON REAL SOLDIERS. 457 00:25:38,771 --> 00:25:43,075 {\an7}♪ 458 00:25:43,108 --> 00:25:47,279 {\an7}\hSTUDIES OF THE FIGURES SHOW THAT NO TWO ARE EXACTLY ALIKE. 459 00:25:51,717 --> 00:25:53,953 {\an7}FROM THEIR FACIAL FEATURES \h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND APPAREL, 460 00:25:53,986 --> 00:25:55,688 {\an7}\h\hIT’S POSSIBLE TO DISCERN DIFFERENCES 461 00:25:55,821 --> 00:25:58,624 {\an7}IN THE WARRIORS’ AGE, \hFUNCTION, AND RANK, 462 00:25:58,657 --> 00:26:02,127 {\an7}\hAS WELL AS DETERMINING WHERE IN THE COUNTRY THEY CAME FROM. 463 00:26:05,931 --> 00:26:07,699 {\an7}Shen: THE FACIAL FEATURES \h\h\h\h\hOF THE WARRIORS 464 00:26:07,733 --> 00:26:11,103 {\an7}REFLECT A RANGE OF PEOPLE \h\h\h\h\hFROM THE EMPIRE, 465 00:26:11,136 --> 00:26:13,305 {\an7}INCLUDING THE SHANXI AREA, 466 00:26:13,338 --> 00:26:16,508 {\an7}THE EASTERN PART OF CHINA, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSZECHUAN, 467 00:26:16,542 --> 00:26:19,045 {\an7}EVEN THE WESTERN REGION \h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF CHINA. 468 00:26:21,780 --> 00:26:24,316 {\an7}Narrator: IN 1999, \hEXCAVATORS FOUND 469 00:26:24,349 --> 00:26:26,117 {\an7}DIFFERENT TERRA-COTTA FIGURES 470 00:26:26,151 --> 00:26:31,023 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIN A PIT LOCATED NOT FAR FROM THE OTHERS. 471 00:26:31,056 --> 00:26:34,993 {\an7}THEY WERE IN SHARP CONTRAST TO THE SOLDIERS AND OFFICERS 472 00:26:35,027 --> 00:26:39,532 {\an7}OF THE TERRA-COTTA ARMY. 473 00:26:39,565 --> 00:26:42,868 {\an7}\hTO BEGIN WITH, THEY’RE NOT DRESSED IN MILITARY OUTFITS 474 00:26:42,901 --> 00:26:44,936 {\an7}OR WEARING ANY TYPE OF ARMOR, 475 00:26:44,970 --> 00:26:47,506 {\an7}\hNOR ARE THEY ALIGNED IN A GROUP FORMATION. 476 00:26:47,539 --> 00:26:54,813 {\an7}♪ 477 00:26:54,847 --> 00:26:57,616 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hDECORATIVE WALLS FROM THE LATER HAN DYNASTY 478 00:26:57,649 --> 00:27:01,453 {\an7}PROVIDE IMPORTANT CLUES. 479 00:27:01,487 --> 00:27:04,557 {\an7}THE BARE-CHESTED FIGURES \hARE IN DYNAMIC POSES, 480 00:27:04,723 --> 00:27:07,859 {\an7}VERY DIFFERENT FROM THEIR \h\hMILITARY COUNTERPARTS. 481 00:27:10,295 --> 00:27:14,166 {\an7}Shen: THE FIGURES LOOK LIKE THEY ARE CAPTURED IN MID-PERFORMANCE. 482 00:27:14,199 --> 00:27:18,070 {\an7}THEY SHOW US ANOTHER SIDE OF THE EMPEROR’S ROYAL LIFE BACK THEN. 483 00:27:21,607 --> 00:27:24,043 {\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: ROYAL LIFE DURING QIN SHI HUANG’S REIGN 484 00:27:24,076 --> 00:27:27,146 {\an7}\hHAD ALL THE TRAPPINGS OF LUXURY AND SPLENDOR. 485 00:27:27,179 --> 00:27:31,984 {\an7}♪ 486 00:27:32,017 --> 00:27:34,353 {\an7}\h\h\h\hACCORDING TO HISTORIAN SIMA QIAN, 487 00:27:34,386 --> 00:27:38,056 {\an7}10,000 COURT LADIES CHOSEN FROM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY 488 00:27:38,090 --> 00:27:41,794 {\an7}LIVED IN THE EMPEROR’S PALACE. 489 00:27:41,827 --> 00:27:44,630 {\an7}THEY SERVED AT THE PLEASURE \h\h\h\h\hOF QIN SHI HUANG, 490 00:27:44,663 --> 00:27:47,699 {\an7}\h\h\hWITH THE BEST DANCERS PERFORMING DURING BANQUETS. 491 00:27:47,733 --> 00:27:54,106 {\an7}♪ 492 00:27:54,139 --> 00:27:56,842 {\an7}AT THESE BANQUETS, ACROBATIC TROUPES 493 00:27:56,875 --> 00:28:01,613 {\an7}ALSO DISPLAYED THEIR SKILLS \h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR THE COURT. 494 00:28:01,647 --> 00:28:05,951 {\an7}THEY WERE CALLED "BAIXI," A WORD REFERRING TO ENTERTAINMENTS 495 00:28:05,984 --> 00:28:11,456 {\an7}THAT GAVE A HUNDRED DIFFERENT \h\h\h\hJOYS TO THE AUDIENCE. 496 00:28:11,490 --> 00:28:14,293 {\an7}INCLUDED IN THE PERFORMANCES \h\h\h\hWERE DEMONSTRATIONS 497 00:28:14,326 --> 00:28:16,895 {\an7}OF PHYSICAL DEXTERITY \h\h\h\hAND STRENGTH. 498 00:28:16,995 --> 00:28:22,734 {\an7}♪ 499 00:28:22,768 --> 00:28:25,938 {\an7}\h\hTHE BAIXI WERE ALSO KNOWN TO TRAVEL TO THE BATTLEFIELDS 500 00:28:25,971 --> 00:28:27,873 {\an7}TO DEMONSTRATE THEIR SKILLS 501 00:28:27,973 --> 00:28:31,009 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND BOOST MORALE AMONG THE TROOPS IN THE FIELD. 502 00:28:31,043 --> 00:28:41,987 {\an7}♪ 503 00:28:42,020 --> 00:28:45,557 {\an7}\h\h\hACROBATICS IS ONE OF THE OLDEST ARTS IN CHINA-- 504 00:28:45,691 --> 00:28:50,262 {\an7}\h\hA TRADITION FAMOUSLY CARRIED ON TO THIS DAY. 505 00:28:50,295 --> 00:28:54,099 {\an7}THE CONTINUING EXCAVATION UNEARTHED OTHER ARTIFACTS: 506 00:28:54,132 --> 00:28:57,969 {\an7}ELEGANT BRONZE CRANES, \h\hSWANS, AND GEESE, 507 00:28:58,003 --> 00:29:00,305 {\an7}WHICH SYMBOLIZE LONGEVITY. 508 00:29:03,909 --> 00:29:07,279 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIN YET ANOTHER PIT, ARCHAEOLOGISTS FOUND STONE ARMOR 509 00:29:07,379 --> 00:29:09,681 {\an7}MADE FOR QIN SHI HUANG’S \h\h\h\h\h\h\hWARRIORS, 510 00:29:09,748 --> 00:29:11,483 {\an7}LEADING RESEARCHERS TO WONDER 511 00:29:11,516 --> 00:29:14,586 {\an7}\hWHAT OTHER TREASURES WILL BE REVEALED NEXT. 512 00:29:21,193 --> 00:29:24,563 {\an7}\h\hAS FIRST EMPEROR OF CHINA, QIN SHI HUANG WANTED TO ENJOY 513 00:29:24,596 --> 00:29:27,099 {\an7}THE COMFORTS AND TREASURES \h\h\h\h\h\hOF HIS EMPIRE 514 00:29:27,132 --> 00:29:33,338 {\an7}NOT ONLY DURING HIS LIFETIME, BUT IN THE AFTERLIFE AS WELL. 515 00:29:33,372 --> 00:29:36,909 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT’S WHY HIS NEARLY 1-SQUARE-MILE MAUSOLEUM COMPLEX 516 00:29:36,942 --> 00:29:39,478 {\an7}\h\hCONTAINS MANY RARE AND PRICELESS OBJECTS 517 00:29:39,511 --> 00:29:42,247 {\an7}FROM THROUGHOUT HIS REALM. 518 00:29:42,281 --> 00:29:47,553 {\an7}[SPEAKING CHINESE] 519 00:29:47,586 --> 00:29:49,888 {\an7}Yuan: QIN SHI HUANG’S MAUSOLEUM IS THE LARGEST 520 00:29:49,921 --> 00:29:53,057 {\an7}OF ALL THE ROYAL TOMBS IN CHINA. 521 00:29:53,091 --> 00:29:55,527 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWE FOUND IT TO BE RELATIVELY WELL PRESERVED, 522 00:29:55,560 --> 00:29:59,497 {\an7}CONTAINING A RICH ARRAY \h\h\h\h\hOF ARTIFACTS. 523 00:29:59,598 --> 00:30:02,568 {\an7}SO FAR, WE’VE FOUND \h\h\hABOUT 180 PITS 524 00:30:02,601 --> 00:30:05,370 {\an7}FILLED WITH FASCINATING OBJECTS. 525 00:30:05,404 --> 00:30:07,006 {\an7}IT’S A REAL UNDERGROUND \h\h\h\h\hTREASURE TROVE 526 00:30:07,039 --> 00:30:12,344 {\an7}THAT TELLS US A GREAT DEAL \hABOUT HIM AND HIS REALM. 527 00:30:12,377 --> 00:30:15,280 {\an7}\hSchonebaum: WE KNOW THAT HE SURVIVED ASSASSINATION PLOTS. 528 00:30:15,380 --> 00:30:20,151 {\an7}SO HE MUST’VE BEEN COGNIZANT \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THAT FACT 529 00:30:20,319 --> 00:30:22,221 {\an7}THAT HIS LIFE COULD END \h\h\h\h\hAT ANY MOMENT. 530 00:30:22,254 --> 00:30:25,524 {\an7}WE KNOW THAT HE TRAVELED WITH \hA LARGE RETINUE OF SOLDIERS 531 00:30:25,557 --> 00:30:28,493 {\an7}WHEN HE SURVEYED HIS NEW EMPIRE, 532 00:30:28,660 --> 00:30:31,530 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hSO AS TO PROTECT AGAINST ASSASSINATION PLOTS. 533 00:30:31,563 --> 00:30:36,301 {\an7}SO, ON THE ONE HAND, IT SEEMS \hLIKE HE WAS QUITE CONCERNED, 534 00:30:36,335 --> 00:30:38,337 {\an7}ALMOST OBSESSED, WITH DYING. 535 00:30:38,370 --> 00:30:40,038 {\an7}BUT ON THE OTHER HAND, 536 00:30:40,072 --> 00:30:43,142 {\an7}HE WAS LAYING SOME OF THE MOST \h\h\h\hINTRICATE PREPARATIONS 537 00:30:43,175 --> 00:30:46,412 {\an7}TO GO ON LIVING AFTER DEATH. 538 00:30:46,445 --> 00:30:48,414 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE EMPEROR’S MAUSOLEUM 539 00:30:48,447 --> 00:30:50,582 {\an7}HAS YET TO BE EXCAVATED. 540 00:30:50,615 --> 00:30:52,817 {\an7}\h\hBUT MANY FEATURES OF THE ELABORATE WORLD 541 00:30:52,851 --> 00:30:56,555 {\an7}\h\h\h\hQIN SHI HUANG HAD BUILT UNDERGROUND HAVE BEEN UNEARTHED, 542 00:30:56,588 --> 00:30:59,691 {\an7}\h\h\hTHANKS TO THE WORK OF ARCHAEOLOGISTS AND ARTISANS. 543 00:30:59,725 --> 00:31:03,662 {\an7}♪ 544 00:31:03,695 --> 00:31:05,363 {\an7}THE CAREFULLY ORGANIZED EFFORT 545 00:31:05,397 --> 00:31:07,933 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO RECONSTRUCT THE WORLD OF THE EMPEROR 546 00:31:08,100 --> 00:31:12,171 {\an7}\hBEGINS WITH LABELING ARTIFACTS AND FRAGMENTS FOUND AT THE SITE. 547 00:31:14,973 --> 00:31:16,675 {\an7}[SPEAKING CHINESE] 548 00:31:16,775 --> 00:31:19,578 {\an7}\h\hWang Dongfeng, translated: THE LABELS HAVE TWO FUNCTIONS. 549 00:31:21,546 --> 00:31:26,017 {\an7}FIRST, THEY INDICATE WHERE AN ARTIFACT WAS FOUND IN THE PIT. 550 00:31:26,051 --> 00:31:29,454 {\an7}\h\hSECOND, IT MAKES IT EASIER FOR US TO FIND SIMILAR PIECES 551 00:31:29,488 --> 00:31:31,857 {\an7}\h\hWHILE WE’RE DOING OUR RESTORATION WORK. 552 00:31:34,860 --> 00:31:37,196 {\an7}\h\hNarrator: AS PART OF THE RESTORATION PROCESS, 553 00:31:37,262 --> 00:31:39,631 {\an7}\hPIECES OF THE RELICS ARE CAREFULLY CLEANED, 554 00:31:39,664 --> 00:31:43,034 {\an7}\h\hUSING SPECIAL TOOLS TO AVOID DAMAGING THEM. 555 00:31:43,068 --> 00:31:51,310 {\an7}♪ 556 00:31:51,343 --> 00:31:54,479 {\an7}\hTHEN, A SPECIAL GLUE IS DELICATELY APPLIED 557 00:31:54,513 --> 00:31:58,817 {\an7}TO BROKEN PORTIONS OF THE OBJECT TO ASSURE PROPER BONDING. 558 00:32:01,420 --> 00:32:04,423 {\an7}THESE CRAFTSMEN KNOW THEY’RE NOT ONLY REASSEMBLING PIECES 559 00:32:04,456 --> 00:32:06,224 {\an7}OF AN HISTORIC ARTIFACT, 560 00:32:06,258 --> 00:32:09,795 {\an7}\hBUT ALSO RESTORING PIECES OF LOST TIME; 561 00:32:09,828 --> 00:32:14,533 {\an7}BRINGING THE PAST TO LIFE. 562 00:32:14,566 --> 00:32:16,401 {\an7}THIS IS HOW MANY OF THE THOUSANDS 563 00:32:16,435 --> 00:32:20,639 {\an7}OF TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS HAVE BEEN RECONSTRUCTED. 564 00:32:23,175 --> 00:32:30,883 {\an7}♪ 565 00:32:30,916 --> 00:32:34,219 {\an7}DURING THE IMMENSE EXCAVATION \h\h\hAND RESTORATION PROJECT, 566 00:32:34,319 --> 00:32:38,957 {\an7}RESEARCHERS ENCOUNTERED \h\h\hANOTHER SURPRISE. 567 00:32:38,990 --> 00:32:43,027 {\an7}TODAY, THE WARRIORS APPEAR \hREDDISH BROWN AND GRAY, 568 00:32:43,061 --> 00:32:46,865 {\an7}CONSISTENT WITH THE COLOR \hOF THE CLAY IN THE AREA. 569 00:32:46,898 --> 00:32:49,701 {\an7}BUT IN REMOVING 2,000 YEARS \h\h\h\h\hOF DIRT AND DEBRIS 570 00:32:49,734 --> 00:32:51,636 {\an7}FROM THE SURFACE OF THE FIGURES, 571 00:32:51,670 --> 00:32:55,908 {\an7}TRACES OF VIBRANT PAINT \h\h\h\h\hWERE DETECTED. 572 00:32:55,941 --> 00:32:59,178 {\an7}ARCHAEOLOGISTS HAVE CONCLUDED THAT THE TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS 573 00:32:59,211 --> 00:33:03,482 {\an7}LOOKED FAR DIFFERENT WHEN THEY \h\h\hWERE ORIGINALLY CREATED. 574 00:33:03,515 --> 00:33:05,550 {\an7}\hLan Desheng, translated: THE SOLDIERS WERE PAINTED 575 00:33:05,584 --> 00:33:07,453 {\an7}VERY COLORFULLY. 576 00:33:07,486 --> 00:33:10,055 {\an7}YOU FIND TRACES OF RED, YELLOW, 577 00:33:10,222 --> 00:33:14,526 {\an7}GREEN, PURPLE, AND BLACK. 578 00:33:14,559 --> 00:33:17,729 {\an7}THE COLORS ON THIS FIGURE FADED WHEN IT WAS EXCAVATED, 579 00:33:17,896 --> 00:33:20,098 {\an7}BUT WE’VE FOUND MOST SOLDIERS \h\h\hSTILL HAVE BITS OF PAINT 580 00:33:20,131 --> 00:33:24,168 {\an7}ON THEIR UNIFORM COLLARS. 581 00:33:24,202 --> 00:33:26,204 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: THIS IS HOW SOME OF THE WARRIORS LOOKED 582 00:33:26,238 --> 00:33:28,474 {\an7}WHEN THEY WERE FOUND BURIED IN THE DIRT. 583 00:33:32,043 --> 00:33:34,546 {\an7}\h\hBUT ONCE THE FIGURES WERE EXPOSED TO THE AIR, 584 00:33:34,713 --> 00:33:37,816 {\an7}THE COLORS QUICKLY DISAPPEARED, LIKE A MIRAGE. 585 00:33:37,849 --> 00:33:52,030 {\an7}♪ 586 00:33:57,202 --> 00:33:59,571 {\an7}BASED ON THE RESEARCH \h\hOF ARCHAEOLOGISTS 587 00:33:59,604 --> 00:34:02,574 {\an7}WHO HAVE STUDIED THESE FIGURES \h\h\h\h\h\hFOR OVER 40 YEARS, 588 00:34:02,607 --> 00:34:05,310 {\an7}THE WARRIORS WOULD HAVE \hLOOKED VERY DIFFERENT. 589 00:34:05,343 --> 00:34:15,286 {\an7}♪ 590 00:34:15,453 --> 00:34:20,792 {\an7}♪ 591 00:34:20,825 --> 00:34:22,627 {\an7}THE FINISHED WARRIORS \h\h\hWOULD HAVE BEEN 592 00:34:22,661 --> 00:34:27,065 {\an7}A SPLENDID, AWE-INSPIRING SIGHT 2,200 YEARS AGO. 593 00:34:27,098 --> 00:34:40,945 {\an7}♪ 594 00:34:43,415 --> 00:34:47,152 {\an7}\h\hAFTER FORGING ONE NATION OUT OF A CAULDRON OF WARRING STATES, 595 00:34:47,185 --> 00:34:52,924 {\an7}QIN SHI HUANG DID NOT RETREAT \h\hINSIDE HIS LAVISH PALACE. 596 00:34:52,958 --> 00:34:55,894 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHE MADE A NUMBER OF INSPECTION TOURS OF HIS EMPIRE, 597 00:34:55,927 --> 00:35:00,432 {\an7}TRAVELING UNDER THE PROTECTION \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF HIS GUARDS. 598 00:35:00,465 --> 00:35:02,667 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hJeffrey Riegel: ON AT LEAST FIVE OCCASIONS, 599 00:35:02,701 --> 00:35:07,839 {\an7}THE FIRST EMPEROR MADE A TOUR OF HIS EMPIRE. 600 00:35:07,872 --> 00:35:12,510 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIT SEEMS IN FACT THAT HE REALLY ENJOYED DOING THIS, 601 00:35:12,544 --> 00:35:16,181 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT HE PREFERRED GETTING OUT OF THE CAPITAL 602 00:35:16,214 --> 00:35:21,986 {\an7}AND SURVEYING THE LANDS \hTHAT HE HAD CONQUERED. 603 00:35:22,020 --> 00:35:24,723 {\an7}I THINK IT’S PART \hOF HUMAN NATURE 604 00:35:24,756 --> 00:35:28,460 {\an7}TO WANT TO SEE, IN EFFECT, \h\h\h\h\h\hWHAT YOU OWN. 605 00:35:28,493 --> 00:35:31,129 {\an7}♪ 606 00:35:31,162 --> 00:35:33,531 {\an7}Narrator: THIS BRONZE CHARIOT \h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOUND IN PIT TWO 607 00:35:33,598 --> 00:35:37,702 {\an7}\hSHOWS THE REMARKABLE CRAFT OF THE QIN DYNASTY ARTISANS. 608 00:35:37,736 --> 00:35:41,039 {\an7}\h\hIT’S A HALF-SIZED REPLICA OF THE ONE QIN SHI HUANG RODE 609 00:35:41,072 --> 00:35:44,475 {\an7}DURING HIS JOURNEYS. 610 00:35:44,509 --> 00:35:48,179 {\an7}\hHou: THE BRONZE CHARIOT REALLY IS THE BEST RELIC, 611 00:35:48,213 --> 00:35:50,882 {\an7}THE CROWN JEWEL OF THEM ALL, 612 00:35:50,915 --> 00:35:53,117 {\an7}ESPECIALLY WHEN YOU \hCONSIDER ITS SIZE 613 00:35:53,151 --> 00:35:58,690 {\an7}AND THE TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED \h\h\h\hIN ITS CONSTRUCTION. 614 00:35:58,723 --> 00:36:03,094 {\an7}\h\h\hIT CONSISTS OF ABOUT 3,000 PIECES. 615 00:36:03,128 --> 00:36:05,797 {\an7}EVEN USING MODERN PROCESSES \h\h\h\h\h\h\hLIKE WELDING, 616 00:36:05,830 --> 00:36:07,632 {\an7}YOU CAN SEE IT WOULD TAKE \h\hA GREAT DEAL OF EFFORT 617 00:36:07,666 --> 00:36:09,701 {\an7}TO BUILD IT. 618 00:36:14,139 --> 00:36:16,875 {\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: ORIGINALLY, TWO BRONZE CHARIOTS WERE FOUND 619 00:36:16,908 --> 00:36:18,877 {\an7}COMPLETELY SMASHED IN A PIT 620 00:36:18,910 --> 00:36:24,349 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hJUST 20 YARDS FROM QIN SHI HUANG’S BURIAL CHAMBER. 621 00:36:24,482 --> 00:36:27,285 {\an7}THIS SMALLER VEHICLE \hWITH A HIGH CANOPY 622 00:36:27,318 --> 00:36:29,954 {\an7}\hIS A HALF-SIZE MODEL OF THE ESCORT CHARIOT 623 00:36:29,988 --> 00:36:32,691 {\an7}WHICH RODE AHEAD OF THE EMPEROR IN A PROCESSION. 624 00:36:35,994 --> 00:36:38,930 {\an7}TOGETHER, THE PRESENCE OF THESE TWO CHARIOTS 625 00:36:39,030 --> 00:36:41,833 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMAY REPRESENT QIN SHI HUANG’S EXPECTATION 626 00:36:41,866 --> 00:36:43,735 {\an7}THAT HE WOULD BE ABLE \hTO CONTINUE TOURING 627 00:36:43,768 --> 00:36:47,105 {\an7}HIS UNDERGROUND EMPIRE \h\hIN THE AFTERLIFE. 628 00:36:51,810 --> 00:36:53,345 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE FASCINATION GENERATED 629 00:36:53,378 --> 00:36:56,548 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBY QIN SHI HUANG’S TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS CONTINUES 630 00:36:56,581 --> 00:37:01,986 {\an7}\hDECADES AFTER THEY WERE FIRST DISCOVERED IN 1974. 631 00:37:02,020 --> 00:37:04,656 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT AT THE SITE OF THE FIRST EMPEROR’S MAUSOLEUM, 632 00:37:04,689 --> 00:37:07,458 {\an7}ONE GREAT MYSTERY LINGERS. 633 00:37:07,492 --> 00:37:10,428 {\an7}THOUGH HUNDREDS OF RELICS HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED AND EXCAVATED, 634 00:37:10,528 --> 00:37:14,232 {\an7}QIN SHI HUANG’S BURIAL CHAMBER \h\h\hHAS REMAINED UNEXPLORED. 635 00:37:16,735 --> 00:37:22,241 {\an7}\h\h\hYuan: WE DON’T KNOW WHAT’S ACTUALLY INSIDE THE BURIAL SITE. 636 00:37:22,273 --> 00:37:26,911 {\an7}\h\hIN HIS WRITINGS, SIMA QIAN DESCRIBES IT IN GREAT DETAIL, 637 00:37:27,045 --> 00:37:29,915 {\an7}\h\h\hMENTIONING THAT THERE ARE DEPICTIONS OF THE CONSTELLATIONS 638 00:37:29,948 --> 00:37:33,318 {\an7}IN THE CEILING OVERHEAD, \h\h\hAND ON THE FLOOR, 639 00:37:33,351 --> 00:37:37,789 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hRECREATIONS OF RIVERS AND OCEANS FILLED WITH MERCURY. 640 00:37:39,924 --> 00:37:42,059 {\an7}Narrator: SINCE SIMA QIAN \h\h\h\hWROTE HIS ACCOUNT 641 00:37:42,160 --> 00:37:44,462 {\an7}\h\hA CENTURY AFTER THE EMPEROR’S DEATH, 642 00:37:44,496 --> 00:37:46,398 {\an7}SCHOLARS HAVE DOUBTED \h\h\hHIS DESCRIPTIONS 643 00:37:46,498 --> 00:37:50,102 {\an7}OF THE BURIAL CHAMBER. 644 00:37:50,135 --> 00:37:51,703 {\an7}BUT RECENT STUDIES HAVE FOUND 645 00:37:51,736 --> 00:37:54,706 {\an7}HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF MERCURY \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT THE SITE. 646 00:37:57,475 --> 00:37:59,944 {\an7}\hHou: SCIENTISTS USED MODERN REMOTE SENSORS 647 00:37:59,978 --> 00:38:07,486 {\an7}\hAND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS MACHINES TO INVESTIGATE THE BURIAL SITE. 648 00:38:07,519 --> 00:38:10,822 {\an7}AND WHAT THEY FOUND \h\hWAS SURPRISING. 649 00:38:10,855 --> 00:38:13,491 {\an7}\h\hTHE LEVEL OF MERCURY IN THE SOIL AT THE SITE 650 00:38:13,525 --> 00:38:17,662 {\an7}MEASURED 20 TIMES HIGHER THAN IN THE AREA SURROUNDING THE SITE. 651 00:38:20,698 --> 00:38:23,801 {\an7}Narrator: ONE ANCIENT METHOD OF PRESERVING BODIES AFTER DEATH 652 00:38:23,835 --> 00:38:27,372 {\an7}\hINVOLVES DEEP BURIALS IN AIRTIGHT CONDITIONS. 653 00:38:27,405 --> 00:38:29,841 {\an7}\h\h\hTHIS KEEPS OXYGEN FROM REACHING THE CORPSE 654 00:38:29,941 --> 00:38:32,744 {\an7}AND SLOWS DOWN DECOMPOSITION. 655 00:38:32,877 --> 00:38:35,646 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWHEN THIS TOMB IN HUNAN PROVINCE WAS OPENED, 656 00:38:35,680 --> 00:38:39,384 {\an7}ARCHAEOLOGISTS MADE \hA REMARKABLE FIND. 657 00:38:39,417 --> 00:38:41,986 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hINSIDE WAS A HAN DYNASTY NOBLEWOMAN 658 00:38:42,086 --> 00:38:44,422 {\an7}KNOWN AS THE LADY OF DAI. 659 00:38:47,091 --> 00:38:51,162 {\an7}\h\hHER BODY HAD BEEN BURIED NEARLY 40 FEET UNDERGROUND. 660 00:38:51,196 --> 00:38:55,000 {\an7}\h\hNO ONE ANTICIPATED A DISCOVERY LIKE THIS. 661 00:38:55,033 --> 00:38:58,169 {\an7}THOUGH HER DEATH OCCURRED \h\h\h\h21 CENTURIES AGO, 662 00:38:58,203 --> 00:39:01,606 {\an7}THE LADY OF DAI’S BODY \h\hIS WELL-PRESERVED. 663 00:39:01,639 --> 00:39:04,075 {\an7}MOST OF HER INTERNAL ORGANS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hARE INTACT, 664 00:39:04,108 --> 00:39:08,045 {\an7}AND BLOOD STILL REMAINS \h\h\h\h\hIN HER VEINS. 665 00:39:08,079 --> 00:39:13,384 {\an7}HER SKIN IS MOIST AND ELASTIC, \h\h\hLIKE THAT OF THE LIVING. 666 00:39:13,418 --> 00:39:18,556 {\an7}HER DISCOVERY LED RESEARCHERS \h\hTO CONSIDER A NEW THEORY. 667 00:39:18,590 --> 00:39:20,192 {\an7}[SPEAKING JAPANESE] 668 00:39:20,225 --> 00:39:29,267 {\an7}Suruma Kazuyuki, translated: \h\h\hWE THINK IT’S POSSIBLE 669 00:39:29,300 --> 00:39:32,503 {\an7} 670 00:39:32,670 --> 00:39:35,573 {\an7}AND HE WAS BURIED DEEP IN THE EARTH. 671 00:39:39,077 --> 00:39:40,545 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: MORE CLUES REPRESENTING 672 00:39:40,578 --> 00:39:43,014 {\an7}\hHOW THE EMPEROR’S BODY MAY HAVE BEEN PRESERVED 673 00:39:43,047 --> 00:39:46,851 {\an7}APPEARED IN OTHER \hPARTS OF CHINA. 674 00:39:46,951 --> 00:39:49,287 {\an7}THIS IS A SHROUD, MADE OF JADE, 675 00:39:49,320 --> 00:39:56,027 {\an7}FOR A KING OF THE HAN DYNASTY \h\hWHO DIED 2,000 YEARS AGO. 676 00:39:56,060 --> 00:39:58,229 {\an7}Kazuyuki: IF THE EMPEROR \h\h\hWAS IN FACT BURIED 677 00:39:58,263 --> 00:40:00,365 {\an7}IN A SUIT OF JADE ARMOR, 678 00:40:00,398 --> 00:40:05,737 {\an7}IT’S POSSIBLE THE DECOMPOSITION PROCESS HAS SLOWED DOWN. 679 00:40:05,770 --> 00:40:09,741 {\an7}THIS METHOD OF BURIAL WAS COMMON AMONG THE QIN DYNASTY ROYALTY, 680 00:40:09,774 --> 00:40:12,010 {\an7}\hSO WE CAN INFER THAT PERHAPS QIN SHI HUANG 681 00:40:12,043 --> 00:40:14,312 {\an7}COULD HAVE BEEN BURIED THIS WAY. 682 00:40:17,115 --> 00:40:20,685 {\an7}Narrator: 210 B.C. 683 00:40:20,718 --> 00:40:24,188 {\an7}\h\hQIN SHI HUANG, ON ANOTHER INSPECTION TOUR OF HIS EMPIRE, 684 00:40:24,222 --> 00:40:26,091 {\an7}WAS STRUGGLING WITH ILLNESS. 685 00:40:26,124 --> 00:40:31,296 {\an7}♪ 686 00:40:31,329 --> 00:40:33,765 {\an7}\h\hDESPITE HIS SEARCH FOR THE ELIXIR OF LIFE 687 00:40:33,865 --> 00:40:36,668 {\an7}THAT HE BELIEVED WOULD GRANT HIM IMMORTALITY, 688 00:40:36,701 --> 00:40:38,937 {\an7}HE DIED AT 50 YEARS OLD. 689 00:40:38,970 --> 00:40:43,308 {\an7}♪ 690 00:40:43,341 --> 00:40:46,110 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNOW BEGAN HIS LAST EARTHLY JOURNEY 691 00:40:46,210 --> 00:40:52,483 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBACK TO XIAN AND HIS FINAL RESTING PLACE. 692 00:40:52,517 --> 00:40:54,419 {\an7}\h\h\h\hHE HAD CREATED A SMALL-SCALE VERSION 693 00:40:54,552 --> 00:40:57,121 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF HIS EMPIRE AND HIS PALACE UNDERGROUND, 694 00:40:57,155 --> 00:41:00,825 {\an7}WHERE HE COULD OVERSEE THE WORLD HE UNIFIED FOR ETERNITY. 695 00:41:05,697 --> 00:41:09,534 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT HAD TAKEN SOME 700,000 WORKERS 38 YEARS 696 00:41:09,567 --> 00:41:12,170 {\an7}TO BUILD QIN SHI HUANG’S \h\h\h\h\h\hROYAL TOMB. 697 00:41:12,236 --> 00:41:13,404 {\an7}♪ 698 00:41:13,504 --> 00:41:16,273 {\an7}[CREAKING] 699 00:41:16,307 --> 00:41:18,209 {\an7}♪ 700 00:41:18,309 --> 00:41:21,179 {\an7}THEN, IN 210 B.C., THE EMPEROR, 701 00:41:21,212 --> 00:41:25,249 {\an7}TOGETHER WITH HIS MANY PRICELESS TREASURES, HIS CHILDLESS WIVES, 702 00:41:25,283 --> 00:41:27,352 {\an7}AND HIS DREAMS OF IMMORTALITY, 703 00:41:27,385 --> 00:41:29,487 {\an7}\h\h\hWAS SEALED IN HIS BURIAL CHAMBER. 704 00:41:29,520 --> 00:41:35,826 {\an7}[CREAKING] 705 00:41:38,229 --> 00:41:40,098 {\an7}HISTORIAN SIMA QIAN, 706 00:41:40,131 --> 00:41:42,734 {\an7}\hWRITING IN HIS RECORDS OF THE GRAND HISTORIAN, 707 00:41:42,867 --> 00:41:45,236 {\an7}\h\hDESCRIBED IN DETAIL WHAT THE EMPEROR’S TOMB 708 00:41:45,269 --> 00:41:47,471 {\an7}WAS TO HAVE CONTAINED. 709 00:41:49,807 --> 00:41:53,377 {\an7}Man: "THE SUN, MOON, AND STARS \h\h\h\hWERE DRAWN IN THE SKY 710 00:41:53,411 --> 00:41:58,449 {\an7}TO BLESS AND PROTECT \h\h\hTHE AFTERLIFE. 711 00:41:58,483 --> 00:42:01,186 {\an7}\h\hUNDERNEATH THE STARS WAS A MINIATURE VERSION 712 00:42:01,219 --> 00:42:03,455 {\an7}OF GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES. 713 00:42:07,692 --> 00:42:11,229 {\an7}MERCURY FILLED THE RIVER \hSO AS NEVER TO DRY UP, 714 00:42:11,262 --> 00:42:15,266 {\an7}AND TORCHES BURNING MERMAID OIL WILL NEVER BE BLOWN OUT." 715 00:42:15,299 --> 00:42:20,638 {\an7}♪ 716 00:42:20,671 --> 00:42:22,573 {\an7}Narrator: QIN SHI HUANG \h\h\hHAD UNIFIED CHINA 717 00:42:22,707 --> 00:42:26,010 {\an7}FOR THE FIRST TIME, ESTABLISHING A NEW FORM OF GOVERNMENT, 718 00:42:26,044 --> 00:42:28,413 {\an7}\h\h\h\hUNIFORM LAWS, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, 719 00:42:28,446 --> 00:42:31,749 {\an7}AND A SINGLE WRITING SYSTEM. 720 00:42:31,783 --> 00:42:35,053 {\an7}\hANCIENT HISTORIANS SAY THE UNDERGROUND WORLD HE CREATED 721 00:42:35,086 --> 00:42:38,690 {\an7}\h\hREFLECTED THE GRANDEUR OF HIS MANY ACHIEVEMENTS. 722 00:42:38,723 --> 00:42:41,726 {\an7}BUT FOR NOW THERE’S NO WAY \h\h\hTO KNOW FOR CERTAIN 723 00:42:41,759 --> 00:42:46,063 {\an7}WHETHER THE ACCOUNTS DESCRIBING QIN SHI HUANG’S TOMB ARE TRUE. 724 00:42:51,869 --> 00:42:55,439 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE CHINESE GOVERNMENT HAS STEADFASTLY REFUSED TO EXCAVATE 725 00:42:55,473 --> 00:42:57,875 {\an7}THE FIRST EMPEROR’S \h\hBURIAL CHAMBER-- 726 00:42:57,909 --> 00:42:59,411 {\an7}A POSITION AT ODDS 727 00:42:59,444 --> 00:43:02,414 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH WHAT MANY IN THE GENERAL PUBLIC WOULD PREFER. 728 00:43:05,650 --> 00:43:07,485 {\an7}Hou: THERE ARE NO PLANS \h\h\h\h\h\hTO EXCAVATE 729 00:43:07,518 --> 00:43:10,354 {\an7}THE UNDERGROUND PALACE \h\h\h\hIN THE FUTURE, 730 00:43:10,388 --> 00:43:12,123 {\an7}BECAUSE THE EXCAVATION ITSELF 731 00:43:12,156 --> 00:43:16,093 {\an7}\h\h\h\hCOULD DESTROY WHAT WE’RE TRYING TO PRESERVE. 732 00:43:16,127 --> 00:43:19,364 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hYuan: THOUGH WE’RE NOT EXCAVATING THE TOMB AT PRESENT, 733 00:43:19,397 --> 00:43:22,166 {\an7}\h\hWE MIGHT CONSIDER WHETHER IN THE FUTURE 734 00:43:22,200 --> 00:43:24,169 {\an7}WE COULD USE NEW FORMS \h\h\h\hOF TECHNOLOGY 735 00:43:24,202 --> 00:43:27,038 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO INVESTIGATE THE UNDERGROUND PALACE. 736 00:43:27,071 --> 00:43:30,308 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIN MY VIEW, I’D SAY IT’S POSSIBLE. 737 00:43:32,210 --> 00:43:35,380 {\an7}Narrator: FOR NOW, WE CAN ONLY \hPEER INTO THE EMPEROR’S TOMB 738 00:43:35,413 --> 00:43:40,752 {\an7}THROUGH ANCIENT WRITINGS \h\hAND OUR IMAGINATION. 739 00:43:40,918 --> 00:43:45,823 {\an7}DURING HIS LIFE, QIN SHI HUANG \h\hHUNGERED FOR IMMORTALITY. 740 00:43:45,857 --> 00:43:49,561 {\an7}AND NOW, OVER 2,000 YEARS \h\h\h\h\hAFTER HIS DEATH, 741 00:43:49,594 --> 00:43:52,564 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHANKS TO THE WORK OF ARCHAEOLOGISTS AND ARTISANS 742 00:43:52,597 --> 00:43:55,300 {\an7}AND THE UNFORGETTABLE \h\h\hTERRA-COTTA ARMY 743 00:43:55,333 --> 00:43:57,502 {\an7}THAT STILL GUARDS HIS MEMORY, 744 00:43:57,535 --> 00:43:59,570 {\an7}HE’S ACHIEVED IT.