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Kari: Qatar. Qatar. Qatar.

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Or we could just do Qatar.

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Qatar.

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Kari: Qatar is a country
on the Arabian peninsula.

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That's it.
I want to be a falconer.

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People survive
in this desert landscape

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for thousands of years.

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Smells amazing in here.

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And they are creating innovative

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new ways to thrive here
for thousands more.

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The new desert design.

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A new desert design. Exactly.

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I'm Kari Byron.

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Imagine living here, here, here.

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I travel around the world

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seeking out stories
of inspiring people...

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I mean, that's
incredibly innovative.

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This is a whole new way
of farming.

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...who are working on solutions

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to some of the biggest
questions of our time.

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Thanks to oil and natural gas,

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today, Qatar is one of the
richest countries in the world.

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The capital city of Doha
is an international hub

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for business,
education and culture.

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With all the technological
conveniences

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we expect of life
in the 21st century,

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it's hard to imagine
this incredibly modern,

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futuristic urban environment

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sprang up in the last 25 years

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in the middle of the desert.

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Located in the middle east
on the Arabian peninsula,

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Qatar itself is a peninsula

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about the size of the state
of Connecticut.

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It occupies mostly low
lying desert

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where temperatures can reach
120 degrees Fahrenheit

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and less than four inches
of rainfall every year.

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Sweltering heat,
lack of fresh water

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and limited natural resources

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make Qatar
a challenging place to live.

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So my question is, how do
people make extreme places

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like the desert inhabitable?

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An hour south of Doha,

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the sealine desert becomes
a vacation hotspot

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in the mild winter months.

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There the old ways
that help nomadic tribes

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survive the harsh climate

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are now celebrated
over nostalgic luxury weekends.

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People come to the desert
to camp out.

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They enjoy a good campfire.
They enjoy the sand dunes.

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I get it. I go to the beach
every weekend for a cookout.

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It was definitely the same.

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We still try as much
as we can to stay intact

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with our ancestors
way of living.

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Archeologist Shaima Sherif
studies Qatar's

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earliest inhabitants,

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which date back
roughly 10,000 years.

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If I show you my hand,

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this roughly maps out Qatar
as a state.

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And this is Saudi Arabia
down here?

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Saudi would be here.

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The Bedouin,
the country Bedouin,

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with the ones in
the south region, the al Murrah,

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we the northern Bedouin,
the al Na'im tribe

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and we had the town settlers.

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Early Qatarians along the coast
survived largely by fishing.

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The southern Bedouin
were nomadic,

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raising herd animals and farming

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wherever and whenever
conditions allowed.

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Whew, the elements are intense
out here

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between the wind
and the sand and the heat.

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How does that inform, say,
the way people dress out here?

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Traditionally, we wear cloaks.

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We call them abayas for women
and thobes for men.

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This is a traditional
Qatar abaya.

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I thought you might like
to try it on.

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My hat is driving me bananas,
so this is to be perfect.

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Abayas are worn over clothes

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with the... to cover the head.

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The garments honor modesty
in the Islamic religion,

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but they also serve
practical functions.

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We can use it
to cover our mouths,

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to hide our face from the sand.

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It's protective.
It's very protective.

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Traditionally, men wear
a similar style of clothing

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called the thobe
and a headscarf or...

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I expected it to be really hot
underneath there,

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but it's actually, it's...
It's very cool.

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Yeah, it's very breezy.

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The loose fit keeps you cool
by convection.

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As the abaya
or thobe flows in the wind,

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air rises between the fabric
and your skin,

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which also means
that a black robe

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is as cool as any other color
in the desert.

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It's very functional,
it's very easy.

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You can go out in your pajamas

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and just have your abaya on.

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Do people do that? We do that.

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[ Laughs ] We do.

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Protecting yourself from
the elements is one key

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to surviving in the desert.

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Another is finding food.

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♪♪

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That's it.
I want to be a falconer.

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Falconry began
in the middle east

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about 4,000 years ago
as a means of hunting birds

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and wild game.

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Bedouins discovered
they could harness

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a falcons hunting prowess
through training and Patience.

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A diving falcon can reach speeds
of up to 125 miles per hour,

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snatching their prey
with 200 pounds per square inch

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of pressure in their talons.

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That crunching
on bones is intimidating.

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That is a strong beak.

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Falconry in itself
is a tradition passed on

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from Bedouin tribes here
to the local townsman.

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Modern falconry
is a competitive sport in Qatar.

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Prize birds can sell for
as much as a million dollars.

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We have state of the
art hospitals for them.

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They fly first class on planes.
They have their own passports.

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Wait? What?
They have their own passport?

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They can have
their own passports.

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Falcons are such important
animals to us.

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They helped us through
tough times,

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and it still continues to be
part of who we are.

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As Bedouins,
as settlers in the Arabian Gulf

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and specifically to Qatar,

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hospitality is the core
of our values.

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It's the basic genetics
of what we are.

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So I'm not special? You invite
everybody over for dinner?

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We do invite everybody.

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[ Laughs ]

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Bedouin custom dictates
that any desert traveler

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that comes across your camp
must be offered a place to rest

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and refuel
for the journey ahead.

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What started as basic survival
in this harsh environment

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continues as one of
the most important parts

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of Qatari culture.

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Coffee is a traditional symbol
to Qatari hospitality,

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and we always love it
when the guest first arrives.

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[ Speaks native language ]
[ Speaks native language ]

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Mmm.

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That's different than any
coffee I've ever tasted before.

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It's light like tea,
but it's got some spices in it.

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Cardamom?

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Cardamon and pinch of saffron.
Saffron.

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And I'll continue to serve it

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until you shake your cup.

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Like this? Just like this.

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This means I'm finished?
Means you're finished.

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Because you know
what this means at home for me?

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What? I want more.

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So...

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[ Laughing ]

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Etiquette drives
every aspect of the meal.

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Guests are to receive
the best food available

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via the last grain of rice

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or the only animal
left in the herd.

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Tonight, we're enjoying
a customary dish of spiced lamb

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and rice with nuts
and dried fruit.

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So, before we eat,
we always wash our hands

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because we eat with our hands

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and we always use
our right hand.

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Why the right hand?

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Your left hand is used
for other functions.

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Okay.

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Basically when you go
to the bathroom.

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So definitely use
your right hand.

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Yes.

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Is there a technique here?

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You try to make a ball
with your fingers

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and then you use your thumb.
Yeah.

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And like push it
into your mouth.

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♪♪

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That's good.

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The thumb technique,
that's brilliant,

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every bite takes a little bit
different than the bite before.

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It's almost like
I got a new spice.

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It's a beautiful sensory
experience.

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Traditionally, what did Qatari
eat besides this?

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The people that lived more
on the seashore area near Doha

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and... mostly had seafood.

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And meat was mostly brought out
for special occasions.

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Oh, is this a special occasion?
This is as special occasion.

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It's very fancy.
There's a lot of food.

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This is the traditional way
we end our evening

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with some
[Speaks native language]

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So you just blow
the smoke on you.

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It's like incense. It's incense.

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The Bedouin and other early
Qatarians survived in the desert

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for thousands of years.

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Their lessons are still honored

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and informed life
here every day.

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I feel so lucky to share
the whole day with you

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and learn so much about
your culture and traditions.

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It was wonderful to have you.

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I'm so pleased to be able
to share this.

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You have to visit the souk
to get authentic flavor of Doha.

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It smells amazing in here.

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♪♪

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Kari: Qatar is roughly
90 percent desert,

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long before oil
transformed the economy

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and made modern conveniences
widely available,

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finding food
and other necessities

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was key to daily life.

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In a place
where resources are limited,

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where do you go
to get all the things you need?

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Historically, it meant
traveling to a port village

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to visit a market or souk.

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The sea used to reach
this point,

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and this is actually the reason
why we called it...

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Amal al Shammari organizes
cultural tours around Doha

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in the city's
historic market, Souq Waqif.

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Souq Waqif
means the standing souk

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because the whole area
used to be muddy.

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So they couldn't sit down
and show the products,

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so they were standing
most of the time.

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And they were just
standing, trading.

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Yes. It's a very modern city,

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but the souk is a real nod
the traditional and its roots.

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Yes, yes.

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And you have to visit the souk

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to get the authentic flavor
of Doha.

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The modern souk
was built to look,

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smell and sound as much as it
would have a century ago

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when Bedouins gathered here
to trade livestock

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and other goods like...

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Amal: This one is like handmade.
It's based on counting.

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So it's all
manual, old fashioned.

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I would say women used to be
really creative back then.

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Very creative.

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...Was a style of weaving

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that incorporates
geometric designs.

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Bedouin women used it to craft
everything from camel

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harnesses to tent walls.

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Okay, the main one in the
middle, it's a tree.

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It's like a pyramid,
and they call it tower of John.

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The main original one is this,
the black and white

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traditional... is made

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with sheep wool and goat hair.

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But because with time,

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people wanted to have
different designs.

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That's why they came up with
different colors like the yellow

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and green and blue,
and has been influenced

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by the Syrian Iranian Islamic
design as well.

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This is the most traditional.

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This is the most traditional.

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So if you wanted
the original said,

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you always go for this one,

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these three designs.

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It's mostly black, red
and white.

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Because of Qatar's
unique position on the Gulf,

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markets like Souq Waqif

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00:10:45,479 --> 00:10:49,692
became the intersection of trade
routes on both land and sea.

254
00:10:49,716 --> 00:10:54,664
And one local commodity drove
Qatar's early economy, pearls

255
00:10:54,688 --> 00:10:57,400
in the old days
before oil discovery,

256
00:10:57,424 --> 00:11:01,204
in the summertime, of course,
we go in a big boat.

257
00:11:01,228 --> 00:11:04,040
As a teenager,
Saad Ismail al Jassim

258
00:11:04,064 --> 00:11:05,642
began diving to the ocean floor

259
00:11:05,666 --> 00:11:07,777
to harvest oysters
for their pearls.

260
00:11:07,801 --> 00:11:09,912
Diver used three things to dive.

261
00:11:09,936 --> 00:11:12,048
A weight to take the diver down,

262
00:11:12,072 --> 00:11:14,550
a basket to collect
the oyster in.

263
00:11:14,574 --> 00:11:16,786
Third one is a nose clip.

264
00:11:16,810 --> 00:11:18,087
Oh, wow.

265
00:11:18,111 --> 00:11:20,957
Diver takes
two minutes underwater.

266
00:11:20,981 --> 00:11:22,291
Long time.

267
00:11:22,315 --> 00:11:25,361
Diving from sunrise to sunset

268
00:11:25,385 --> 00:11:28,197
for three to four months
in the sea.

269
00:11:28,221 --> 00:11:32,035
Before Japanese culture pearls
took over in the 1940s,

270
00:11:32,059 --> 00:11:34,771
Arabian Gulf pearls were prized
throughout Europe,

271
00:11:34,795 --> 00:11:37,206
north Africa and Asia.

272
00:11:37,230 --> 00:11:39,976
The lustrous gems became
a key commodity for traders

273
00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:41,778
along the maritime spice routes.

274
00:11:41,802 --> 00:11:49,802
♪♪

275
00:11:54,247 --> 00:11:55,725
Smells amazing in here.

276
00:11:55,749 --> 00:11:58,528
Most of the products
come from Iran and India

277
00:11:58,552 --> 00:12:02,598
because they are the countries
that famous with the spices.

278
00:12:02,622 --> 00:12:06,135
Like many middle eastern foods,
Qatari cuisine is influenced

279
00:12:06,159 --> 00:12:10,206
by bold aromatic flavors
like turmeric and coriander.

280
00:12:10,230 --> 00:12:11,574
Those are huge cinnamon.

281
00:12:11,598 --> 00:12:13,810
This is a natural one,
so before they break them.

282
00:12:13,834 --> 00:12:15,545
And perhaps most importantly,

283
00:12:15,569 --> 00:12:16,946
cardamom and saffron

284
00:12:16,970 --> 00:12:17,914
comes from a flower,

285
00:12:17,938 --> 00:12:21,050
but to get these out
of the flower,

286
00:12:21,074 --> 00:12:23,419
it takes time and effort

287
00:12:23,443 --> 00:12:26,189
because each flower
has only two or three of this.

288
00:12:26,213 --> 00:12:27,290
Can you believe it?

289
00:12:27,314 --> 00:12:28,725
Once you have the saffron,
it gives...

290
00:12:28,749 --> 00:12:30,259
A beautiful yellow color.

291
00:12:30,283 --> 00:12:32,462
That's why the coffee
is yellowish.

292
00:12:32,486 --> 00:12:34,097
You can smell it.

293
00:12:34,121 --> 00:12:34,931
- Mmm.
- Yeah.

294
00:12:34,955 --> 00:12:36,399
Yeah, that smells familiar.

295
00:12:36,423 --> 00:12:39,869
I think that's everything
I've eaten since I've got here.

296
00:12:39,893 --> 00:12:42,004
Spice shops aren't
just for cooking.

297
00:12:42,028 --> 00:12:43,439
You can also buy medicinal herbs

298
00:12:43,463 --> 00:12:46,843
like chamomile or pumice stones
for exfoliating skin.

299
00:12:46,867 --> 00:12:48,244
We're getting beauty products.

300
00:12:48,268 --> 00:12:49,579
We're getting cooking,

301
00:12:49,603 --> 00:12:51,848
we're getting medicine,
everything.

302
00:12:51,872 --> 00:12:54,817
Yes. It's an old mini market,
I would say.

303
00:12:54,841 --> 00:12:56,119
Yeah.

304
00:12:56,143 --> 00:12:58,287
Markets provided a place to buy,

305
00:12:58,311 --> 00:13:01,858
sell and trade goods needed
to survive in the desert.

306
00:13:01,882 --> 00:13:05,661
But they also helped Qatari
culture to grow and flourish.

307
00:13:05,685 --> 00:13:08,498
Let's see. I'm going to need
these for sure.

308
00:13:08,522 --> 00:13:11,956
In many ways,
Souq Waqif still does.

309
00:13:15,094 --> 00:13:16,539
We have a very harsh
environment,

310
00:13:16,563 --> 00:13:18,040
we have a very hot summer.

311
00:13:18,064 --> 00:13:20,098
How do you grow produce
in the desert?

312
00:13:28,107 --> 00:13:30,887
Kari: The population of Qatar's
capital city, Doha,

313
00:13:30,911 --> 00:13:35,992
is 1.6 million people
and growing fast.

314
00:13:36,016 --> 00:13:38,661
To keep a modern Metropolis
functioning in the desert,

315
00:13:38,685 --> 00:13:40,963
you have to find ways
to address the biggest

316
00:13:40,987 --> 00:13:42,965
and most obvious challenge.

317
00:13:42,989 --> 00:13:46,536
You need fresh water.

318
00:13:46,560 --> 00:13:49,105
99 percent
of the country's water

319
00:13:49,129 --> 00:13:51,741
comes from the Gulf,
but that's saltwater.

320
00:13:51,765 --> 00:13:54,577
So it has to go through
a process called desalination

321
00:13:54,601 --> 00:13:55,945
to make it usable.

322
00:13:55,969 --> 00:13:59,015
Desalination plants in Qatar
use two basic technologies

323
00:13:59,039 --> 00:14:01,784
to turn seawater
into fresh water,

324
00:14:01,808 --> 00:14:04,987
either by heat to evaporate
and distill fresh water,

325
00:14:05,011 --> 00:14:08,591
or with membranes that filter
out salt and other minerals.

326
00:14:08,615 --> 00:14:10,726
It takes about
three gallons of seawater

327
00:14:10,750 --> 00:14:12,851
to make one gallon
of fresh water.

328
00:14:15,020 --> 00:14:18,167
Desalination produces
480 million gallons

329
00:14:18,191 --> 00:14:19,936
of water a day for Qatar.

330
00:14:19,960 --> 00:14:22,839
Now, if anything happened
to those plants,

331
00:14:22,863 --> 00:14:26,576
Doha would run out of water
in only four hours.

332
00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:29,801
Think about that next time
you take that extra long shower.

333
00:14:33,038 --> 00:14:37,687
Freshwater is key to another
big challenge here, farming.

334
00:14:37,711 --> 00:14:39,388
Only about one percent
of the land

335
00:14:39,412 --> 00:14:40,890
is suitable for farming,

336
00:14:40,914 --> 00:14:44,827
which is why Qatar has to
import 90 percent of its food,

337
00:14:44,851 --> 00:14:46,095
but that's changing.

338
00:14:46,119 --> 00:14:49,732
With new initiatives and pride
in buying local,

339
00:14:49,756 --> 00:14:52,602
Qatari grown food
is a booming business.

340
00:14:52,626 --> 00:14:58,107
So, how do you grow produce
in the desert?

341
00:14:58,131 --> 00:15:00,810
An hour north of Doha,
Nasser al-Khalaf

342
00:15:00,834 --> 00:15:03,045
and his family's company,
Agrico farms,

343
00:15:03,069 --> 00:15:04,513
grow organic
fruits and vegetables

344
00:15:04,537 --> 00:15:07,516
in sustainable greenhouses
they've designed.

345
00:15:07,540 --> 00:15:09,051
We have very harsh environment.

346
00:15:09,075 --> 00:15:11,320
We have very hot summer,
and we need to create

347
00:15:11,344 --> 00:15:12,989
a proper environment
for the plant.

348
00:15:13,013 --> 00:15:14,590
So most of the things
they will see,

349
00:15:14,614 --> 00:15:16,025
it has to do with cooling.

350
00:15:16,049 --> 00:15:19,161
Greenhouses are designed
to hold heat in cold climates.

351
00:15:19,185 --> 00:15:22,965
So Agrico had to adapt
everything from the materials

352
00:15:22,989 --> 00:15:25,701
to the colors
and create air cooling systems.

353
00:15:25,725 --> 00:15:27,937
I just felt a breeze,
like a cooling breeze.

354
00:15:27,961 --> 00:15:29,138
What is that?

355
00:15:29,162 --> 00:15:31,107
This is the effect
of the cooling pad system.

356
00:15:31,131 --> 00:15:33,376
It's basically cells
made of cotton.

357
00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:35,811
The water goes through it,
the hot air pass

358
00:15:35,835 --> 00:15:37,880
through the water
and becomes a cold air.

359
00:15:37,904 --> 00:15:40,716
So you actually are using
the heat to create the cool.

360
00:15:40,740 --> 00:15:41,884
That's right.

361
00:15:41,908 --> 00:15:44,553
The effect is called
evaporative cooling.

362
00:15:44,577 --> 00:15:46,188
Fans helped circulate
the cool air,

363
00:15:46,212 --> 00:15:49,592
reducing temperatures by half.

364
00:15:49,616 --> 00:15:53,596
This single greenhouse
goes up to 13,000 cucumbers,

365
00:15:53,620 --> 00:15:56,732
each plant is strung up
to increase airflow,

366
00:15:56,756 --> 00:15:58,634
pruned to optimize growth

367
00:15:58,658 --> 00:16:01,771
and watered by a timed
drip irrigation system.

368
00:16:01,795 --> 00:16:05,007
You can see the water that's
coming out from the dripper.

369
00:16:05,031 --> 00:16:07,109
The fertilizer is mixed
with the water.

370
00:16:07,133 --> 00:16:10,579
So it gets its nutrients from
the water rather than the soil.

371
00:16:10,603 --> 00:16:11,614
That's right.

372
00:16:11,638 --> 00:16:14,817
It's called hydroponic farming.

373
00:16:14,841 --> 00:16:15,851
Everything is organic.

374
00:16:15,875 --> 00:16:18,421
We are using
biological pesticide.

375
00:16:18,445 --> 00:16:20,489
All the fertilizer
are organic based,

376
00:16:20,513 --> 00:16:24,293
and the growbag itself,
it's the coco pit.

377
00:16:24,317 --> 00:16:26,395
Ground, coconut shells
hold plant roots

378
00:16:26,419 --> 00:16:28,230
and conserve water.

379
00:16:28,254 --> 00:16:31,000
Any waste water is also reused
throughout the farm

380
00:16:31,024 --> 00:16:33,035
to create humidity where needed.

381
00:16:33,059 --> 00:16:34,370
What kind of yield can you get?

382
00:16:34,394 --> 00:16:36,172
I mean,
there's a lot of cucumbers

383
00:16:36,196 --> 00:16:37,606
on each of these plants.

384
00:16:37,630 --> 00:16:41,177
We're getting around 80
to 90 baskets per day

385
00:16:41,201 --> 00:16:43,012
once the plants reach
the peak production.

386
00:16:43,036 --> 00:16:44,613
80 or 90 a day?

387
00:16:44,637 --> 00:16:46,582
That's right. That's a lot.

388
00:16:46,606 --> 00:16:49,852
That's just the single
variety of cucumber.

389
00:16:49,876 --> 00:16:54,623
Overall Agrico averages
five tons of produce a day.

390
00:16:54,647 --> 00:16:57,193
Nasser: We have around
25 factory of greenhouses.

391
00:16:57,217 --> 00:16:59,261
That's like 50 football fields.

392
00:16:59,285 --> 00:17:00,730
Yes, that is. That's huge.

393
00:17:00,754 --> 00:17:01,831
It is, yeah.

394
00:17:01,855 --> 00:17:03,933
Qatar plans to grow up
to 70 percent

395
00:17:03,957 --> 00:17:07,403
of its own produce by 2023.

396
00:17:07,427 --> 00:17:08,971
Ready for market.

397
00:17:08,995 --> 00:17:12,341
With hydroponic farming
and other sustainable practices,

398
00:17:12,365 --> 00:17:13,609
they're well on their way.

399
00:17:13,633 --> 00:17:16,512
So your biggest challenge
has been all the elements.

400
00:17:16,536 --> 00:17:19,782
The sun, the earth,
the water, the air, all of it.

401
00:17:19,806 --> 00:17:23,019
So everything is actually
against agriculture,

402
00:17:23,043 --> 00:17:27,490
but today, once we provide the
right environment to the plant,

403
00:17:27,514 --> 00:17:31,394
then you can see
that we can produce more.

404
00:17:31,418 --> 00:17:32,917
Mmm.

405
00:17:35,921 --> 00:17:37,466
Oh, wow.

406
00:17:37,490 --> 00:17:40,202
It is really hard to believe
I'm in a desert right now.

407
00:17:40,226 --> 00:17:43,672
Our ancestors were able to cope
and survive

408
00:17:43,696 --> 00:17:45,241
and have a life in the desert.

409
00:17:45,265 --> 00:17:48,066
We're trying to bring that
modernizer in a sustainable way.

410
00:17:52,838 --> 00:17:55,618
Kari: The futuristic skyline
of Doha, Qatar,

411
00:17:55,642 --> 00:17:58,687
was mostly built over
the last couple of decades.

412
00:17:58,711 --> 00:18:00,723
Building a state
of the art skyscraper here

413
00:18:00,747 --> 00:18:03,726
means contending
with the brutal desert sun.

414
00:18:03,750 --> 00:18:06,062
So, how can modern architecture
and design

415
00:18:06,086 --> 00:18:09,331
help provide relief
from the heat?

416
00:18:09,355 --> 00:18:11,067
This is Burj Doha.

417
00:18:11,091 --> 00:18:13,836
Every detail
of this 46 story office tower

418
00:18:13,860 --> 00:18:17,506
was designed
to help keep it cool year round.

419
00:18:17,530 --> 00:18:19,675
The entrance sits
below street level

420
00:18:19,699 --> 00:18:21,243
and is surrounded
by green walls,

421
00:18:21,267 --> 00:18:24,847
which help cool
the surrounding space.

422
00:18:24,871 --> 00:18:27,505
I can feel that in my stomach.
This goes fast.

423
00:18:30,642 --> 00:18:34,090
While reflective glass
and solar protection,

424
00:18:34,114 --> 00:18:37,626
it's the aluminum shell
that does the heavy lifting.

425
00:18:37,650 --> 00:18:39,929
This side is the east side
where the sun rises,

426
00:18:39,953 --> 00:18:42,565
so the lattice work is really
tight knit to shield you

427
00:18:42,589 --> 00:18:43,599
from the heat and intensity.

428
00:18:43,623 --> 00:18:45,935
But over here on the north side,

429
00:18:45,959 --> 00:18:49,138
the latticework opens up
where there's no direct sunlight

430
00:18:49,162 --> 00:18:51,107
so it can
let in all of the light.

431
00:18:51,131 --> 00:18:54,110
This unique design is inspired
by traditional

432
00:18:54,134 --> 00:18:55,578
Arabic Mashrabiya.

433
00:18:55,602 --> 00:18:58,314
Now, those are the ornately
carved balconies

434
00:18:58,338 --> 00:19:00,616
that you'll find all over
the middle east and Asia.

435
00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:02,551
The facade is both practical

436
00:19:02,575 --> 00:19:04,620
and an expression
of ancient Arabic design.

437
00:19:04,644 --> 00:19:06,322
In the modern era.

438
00:19:06,346 --> 00:19:09,525
The top two floors are going
to be a luxury apartment.

439
00:19:09,549 --> 00:19:13,662
Seriously, imagine
living here, here, here.

440
00:19:13,686 --> 00:19:15,965
Even if you live
in the nicest place in Doha,

441
00:19:15,989 --> 00:19:18,701
you still got to go outside
some time.

442
00:19:18,725 --> 00:19:22,338
30 minutes west of downtown
Doha is education city,

443
00:19:22,362 --> 00:19:23,772
a district comprising

444
00:19:23,796 --> 00:19:26,375
five square miles
of international universities

445
00:19:26,399 --> 00:19:30,045
and schools for students
of all ages.

446
00:19:30,069 --> 00:19:32,081
It's also home to some of
the most innovative

447
00:19:32,105 --> 00:19:34,617
architecture in Qatar.

448
00:19:34,641 --> 00:19:36,185
Oh, wow.

449
00:19:36,209 --> 00:19:38,854
It is really hard to believe
I'm in a desert right now.

450
00:19:38,878 --> 00:19:40,256
[ Laughing ]

451
00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:43,225
Oxygen park is one
150,000 square meters.

452
00:19:43,249 --> 00:19:45,628
It's sort of a mixed use
open park.

453
00:19:45,652 --> 00:19:48,464
It was very well engineered
to keep this area cooler,

454
00:19:48,488 --> 00:19:50,466
as you can feel right now.

455
00:19:50,490 --> 00:19:53,702
Local Sidra trees and drought
tolerant grasses and plants

456
00:19:53,726 --> 00:19:55,337
help cool the park.

457
00:19:55,361 --> 00:19:57,006
To lower temperatures further,

458
00:19:57,030 --> 00:19:59,675
architects took inspiration
from the desert.

459
00:19:59,699 --> 00:20:01,977
Usually when you're at
the bottom of the sand dune,

460
00:20:02,001 --> 00:20:04,346
it's cooler than being up top
because of the wind.

461
00:20:04,370 --> 00:20:06,582
Yes, I can feel the breeze
coming through the tunnel.

462
00:20:06,606 --> 00:20:08,017
It feels like
it's whipping around.

463
00:20:08,041 --> 00:20:10,953
That's sort of the design idea
behind this phase.

464
00:20:10,977 --> 00:20:14,523
Natural breezeways occur thanks
to the covered walkways,

465
00:20:14,547 --> 00:20:19,929
ventilation fans and several
strategically placed tunnels.

466
00:20:19,953 --> 00:20:22,831
The temperature just dropped.
It's almost cold in here.

467
00:20:22,855 --> 00:20:26,068
Yeah, I mean, it's a shaded area
and it opens up to a waterfall.

468
00:20:26,092 --> 00:20:27,469
That's the evaporative cooling
from in the waterfall?

469
00:20:27,493 --> 00:20:28,571
Yeah.

470
00:20:28,595 --> 00:20:30,839
Evaporative cooling occurs
when hot,

471
00:20:30,863 --> 00:20:33,709
dry air passes over cold water.

472
00:20:33,733 --> 00:20:35,778
The lower temperature water
is absorbed

473
00:20:35,802 --> 00:20:37,580
by the higher temperature air

474
00:20:37,604 --> 00:20:40,683
making the surrounding area
feel cooler.

475
00:20:40,707 --> 00:20:43,352
Water features have been used
as natural air conditioners

476
00:20:43,376 --> 00:20:46,422
in desert climates
for thousands of years.

477
00:20:46,446 --> 00:20:49,892
Our ancestors were able
to cope and survive

478
00:20:49,916 --> 00:20:51,427
and have a life in the desert.

479
00:20:51,451 --> 00:20:54,830
We're trying to bring that
modernizer in a sustainable way.

480
00:20:54,854 --> 00:20:57,166
The new desert design.
The new desert design.

481
00:20:57,190 --> 00:20:58,334
Exactly.

482
00:20:58,358 --> 00:21:00,736
Oxygen park was created
a few years ago

483
00:21:00,760 --> 00:21:02,238
to provide an open space

484
00:21:02,262 --> 00:21:05,107
for exercise, recreation
and hanging out.

485
00:21:05,131 --> 00:21:07,343
Seems like everywhere
I go in the world,

486
00:21:07,367 --> 00:21:10,079
there's one thing everyone
has in common, which is pizza.

487
00:21:10,103 --> 00:21:10,980
[ Laughter ]

488
00:21:11,004 --> 00:21:12,248
Do you come here a lot?

489
00:21:12,272 --> 00:21:13,983
- Yeah.
- Spaces like this park

490
00:21:14,007 --> 00:21:16,385
is kind of rare, but it's
becoming more prevalent,

491
00:21:16,409 --> 00:21:17,820
which I think is a good thing.

492
00:21:17,844 --> 00:21:20,589
It's also kind of the way
that this park is kind of set up

493
00:21:20,613 --> 00:21:24,593
as well and how the builders use
the weather to their strengths.

494
00:21:24,617 --> 00:21:26,795
They don't use it
and see it as a weakness.

495
00:21:26,819 --> 00:21:29,331
People here often think they can
only go out in the winter

496
00:21:29,355 --> 00:21:30,866
and enjoy this weather
and so on.

497
00:21:30,890 --> 00:21:34,136
But oxygen park you can
just enjoy all year long.

498
00:21:34,160 --> 00:21:39,341
♪♪

499
00:21:39,365 --> 00:21:42,544
The desert may be a place
of extreme conditions

500
00:21:42,568 --> 00:21:45,214
and limited resources,
but the people of Qatar

501
00:21:45,238 --> 00:21:48,317
have found a way
to adapt and innovate,

502
00:21:48,341 --> 00:21:50,786
all while honoring the cultural
traditions

503
00:21:50,810 --> 00:21:53,055
that have helped the.
Survive for centuries,

504
00:21:53,079 --> 00:21:54,456
Qatar is doing far more

505
00:21:54,480 --> 00:21:57,459
than making this challenging
environment inhabitable.

506
00:21:57,483 --> 00:21:59,750
They're making the desert
a place to thrive.