1 00:00:12,440 --> 00:00:14,240 NARRATOR: Planet Earth, 2 00:00:14,280 --> 00:00:18,880 now home to nearly eight billion people. 3 00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:25,880 And yet there are still places 4 00:00:25,920 --> 00:00:27,840 that remain pristine. 5 00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:33,120 Where a spellbinding variety of life 6 00:00:33,160 --> 00:00:35,440 continues to thrive. 7 00:00:39,880 --> 00:00:43,400 These are the last regions that could be called... 8 00:00:44,120 --> 00:00:45,560 Eden. 9 00:01:03,520 --> 00:01:06,400 In the heart of Southeast Asia 10 00:01:06,440 --> 00:01:09,680 lies the tropical island of Borneo. 11 00:01:11,560 --> 00:01:14,040 Around the size of Texas, 12 00:01:14,080 --> 00:01:17,160 its ancient forest has remained unchanged 13 00:01:17,200 --> 00:01:21,960 for 140 million years. 14 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:29,880 Bathed in sunshine 15 00:01:29,920 --> 00:01:32,800 and quenched by abundant rainfall... 16 00:01:36,120 --> 00:01:39,200 over time these hothouse conditions 17 00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:42,840 have spawned some 60,000 species 18 00:01:42,880 --> 00:01:46,160 of plants and animals... 19 00:01:47,200 --> 00:01:48,480 TRUMPETS 20 00:01:51,200 --> 00:01:55,600 NARRATOR: Making Borneo possibly more biodiverse 21 00:01:55,640 --> 00:01:58,440 than any other island. 22 00:02:00,680 --> 00:02:03,000 Evolving in isolation, 23 00:02:04,800 --> 00:02:07,200 over 6,000 of its inhabitants 24 00:02:07,240 --> 00:02:09,840 are found nowhere else on Earth. 25 00:02:15,400 --> 00:02:18,080 Remarkably, this wealth is built 26 00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:22,280 on a foundation of shallow, nutrient-poor soil. 27 00:02:24,520 --> 00:02:26,400 And yet, somehow, 28 00:02:26,440 --> 00:02:28,960 life has triumphed... 29 00:02:33,400 --> 00:02:36,920 turning this into a paradise 30 00:02:36,960 --> 00:02:39,040 unlike any other. 31 00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:55,800 Dawn breaks 32 00:02:55,840 --> 00:02:57,880 over Borneo's flooded lowland forest. 33 00:03:06,320 --> 00:03:09,880 A mosaic of tree-lined waterways 34 00:03:09,920 --> 00:03:11,400 and swampy thickets. 35 00:03:14,200 --> 00:03:17,000 A unique habitat that has given rise 36 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:19,720 to a one-of-a kind primate. 37 00:03:21,240 --> 00:03:25,080 CHATTERING 38 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:29,160 NARRATOR: Proboscis monkeys, 39 00:03:29,200 --> 00:03:32,720 named after their outstanding noses. 40 00:03:34,600 --> 00:03:38,880 CALLING 41 00:03:38,920 --> 00:03:40,400 NARRATOR: For an alpha male, 42 00:03:40,440 --> 00:03:42,280 the bigger the nose... 43 00:03:45,680 --> 00:03:47,400 the bigger the harem. 44 00:03:52,320 --> 00:03:55,480 They live in groups of 20 or more. 45 00:03:57,600 --> 00:04:01,280 This two-year-old female is no longer dependent 46 00:04:01,320 --> 00:04:03,440 on her mother, 47 00:04:03,480 --> 00:04:06,520 but still needs the protection of her tightknit family. 48 00:04:12,320 --> 00:04:15,320 They survive mainly on a diet of leaves 49 00:04:15,360 --> 00:04:17,320 that are low in calories 50 00:04:17,360 --> 00:04:19,800 and difficult to digest. 51 00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:26,960 Unless you have a barrel belly... 52 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:29,920 STOMACH RUMBLING 53 00:04:29,960 --> 00:04:31,880 NARRATOR: ...and 48 hours to ferment them. 54 00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:38,040 Young leaves aren't as tough, 55 00:04:38,080 --> 00:04:40,160 but there are fewer to go around. 56 00:04:45,400 --> 00:04:48,760 And breakfast finishes off their supply. 57 00:04:51,200 --> 00:04:53,200 Now the tenderest shoots... 58 00:04:54,800 --> 00:04:57,360 are on the other side of the river. 59 00:05:02,240 --> 00:05:06,240 Patrolled by the largest reptiles in the world. 60 00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:12,160 Saltwater crocodiles. 61 00:05:16,840 --> 00:05:19,200 Up to 20 feet long. 62 00:05:22,120 --> 00:05:24,080 They'll devour any animal 63 00:05:24,120 --> 00:05:26,880 they can sink their four-inch teeth into. 64 00:05:32,040 --> 00:05:35,000 But if the monkeys are going to eat, 65 00:05:35,040 --> 00:05:37,760 they'll have to cross. 66 00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:45,040 The alpha male leads the way. 67 00:06:00,920 --> 00:06:03,120 The rest rapidly follow. 68 00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:04,760 SQUEALS 69 00:06:07,440 --> 00:06:10,200 NARRATOR: The babies must cling onto their mothers. 70 00:06:21,960 --> 00:06:23,520 LOUD SPLASH 71 00:06:23,560 --> 00:06:25,640 NARRATOR: Each impact carries soundwaves 72 00:06:25,680 --> 00:06:27,560 up and down the river. 73 00:06:41,120 --> 00:06:43,720 Now too big to be carried, 74 00:06:43,760 --> 00:06:45,200 for this youngster, 75 00:06:45,240 --> 00:06:48,320 a solo plunge is a daunting prospect. 76 00:06:52,560 --> 00:06:55,560 This is a 40-foot leap of faith. 77 00:07:24,120 --> 00:07:27,200 At the surface, she's desperately vulnerable. 78 00:07:31,800 --> 00:07:34,000 But these unique monkeys 79 00:07:34,040 --> 00:07:36,120 are semi-aquatic. 80 00:07:40,400 --> 00:07:43,120 With partially webbed hands and feet, 81 00:07:43,160 --> 00:07:46,720 they can propel themselves quickly but quietly... 82 00:07:49,560 --> 00:07:50,600 SCREAMING 83 00:07:53,400 --> 00:07:56,200 NARRATOR: ...covering a distance of up to 60 feet. 84 00:08:00,720 --> 00:08:02,000 HONKS 85 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:05,640 MONKEY HONKING 86 00:08:11,080 --> 00:08:12,200 NARRATOR: Made it. 87 00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:24,840 She joins in the buffet of fresh young leaves. 88 00:08:43,760 --> 00:08:45,320 As females mature, 89 00:08:45,360 --> 00:08:48,720 they seek out mates in other groups, 90 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:50,240 but for now, 91 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:53,560 this family is all she needs. 92 00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:01,040 Close bonds and specialist adaptations 93 00:09:01,080 --> 00:09:03,800 allow proboscis monkeys to prosper 94 00:09:03,840 --> 00:09:05,360 in this water world. 95 00:09:13,880 --> 00:09:15,240 Moving inland, 96 00:09:15,280 --> 00:09:16,760 Borneo's forest 97 00:09:16,800 --> 00:09:19,800 rises to form a towering canopy. 98 00:09:21,560 --> 00:09:27,280 BIRDS SQUAWKING 99 00:09:27,320 --> 00:09:29,680 THUNDER RUMBLING 100 00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:33,240 NARRATOR: By noon, the first of the daily downpours 101 00:09:33,280 --> 00:09:36,360 tops up the humidity to 100 percent. 102 00:09:37,720 --> 00:09:40,560 THUNDER RUMBLING 103 00:09:53,800 --> 00:09:56,360 NARRATOR: With twice as much rain as Florida... 104 00:10:02,120 --> 00:10:04,960 this Eden is a sultry 105 00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:07,440 90-degree paradise... 106 00:10:16,560 --> 00:10:20,000 nurturing the tallest tropical trees in the world... 107 00:10:22,200 --> 00:10:24,320 that play a crucial part 108 00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:26,320 in the combat of climate change. 109 00:10:30,440 --> 00:10:34,240 Each of them absorbing more carbon than any others. 110 00:10:37,040 --> 00:10:40,320 BIRDS SINGING 111 00:10:40,360 --> 00:10:42,640 NARRATOR: 120 feet up... 112 00:10:44,560 --> 00:10:47,920 the world's largest tree-living ape... 113 00:10:49,160 --> 00:10:50,680 the orangutan. 114 00:10:52,160 --> 00:10:54,360 A 30-year-old mother... 115 00:10:56,160 --> 00:10:57,840 and her three-year-old son... 116 00:11:00,400 --> 00:11:02,720 are having a mid-morning snack. 117 00:11:10,280 --> 00:11:13,520 She'll dedicate eight years to rearing him. 118 00:11:15,720 --> 00:11:17,360 Aside from humans, 119 00:11:17,400 --> 00:11:20,560 it's the longest infancy of any ape. 120 00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:29,680 Until he's fully weened, 121 00:11:29,720 --> 00:11:32,120 it's vital she gets enough to eat... 122 00:11:33,200 --> 00:11:35,720 or her milk will run dry. 123 00:11:39,080 --> 00:11:42,360 But she needs more than low-calorie leaves. 124 00:11:42,400 --> 00:11:46,880 Her challenge is to find some energy-rich fruit... 125 00:11:46,920 --> 00:11:48,240 and fast. 126 00:12:05,640 --> 00:12:08,360 Arms that span more than six feet 127 00:12:08,400 --> 00:12:10,760 and 80 pounds of body weight 128 00:12:10,800 --> 00:12:14,400 help to bend branches and sway through the canopy. 129 00:12:24,440 --> 00:12:27,240 Still fueled-up from his morning feed, 130 00:12:27,280 --> 00:12:29,560 her son does a good job keeping up. 131 00:12:35,400 --> 00:12:37,720 But he mustn't put a foot wrong. 132 00:12:40,600 --> 00:12:44,320 A fall from up here would be fatal. 133 00:12:50,920 --> 00:12:53,440 By the time they've covered a mile, 134 00:12:53,480 --> 00:12:56,560 his mother needs a pick-me-up. 135 00:13:01,600 --> 00:13:05,080 Leaves and bark offer some sustenance, 136 00:13:05,120 --> 00:13:07,720 and it's an opportunity to teach her son 137 00:13:07,760 --> 00:13:11,000 the 500 or so species of edible plants 138 00:13:11,040 --> 00:13:13,280 that Borneo has to offer. 139 00:13:35,160 --> 00:13:37,480 While his mother takes a power nap... 140 00:13:41,040 --> 00:13:43,400 Nakal lives up to his name... 141 00:13:44,920 --> 00:13:47,560 Malay for 'naughty.' 142 00:13:52,280 --> 00:13:55,040 For him, life is an adventure... 143 00:13:56,960 --> 00:13:59,560 and this is the ultimate playground. 144 00:14:03,040 --> 00:14:06,080 All mothers know that kids like to push their luck. 145 00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:10,520 Sometimes, a little too far. 146 00:14:16,280 --> 00:14:18,960 Around one in ten infants die... 147 00:14:20,960 --> 00:14:23,200 mostly from falls. 148 00:14:32,200 --> 00:14:35,640 Nakal has learnt a valuable lesson. 149 00:14:38,800 --> 00:14:42,000 The other great threat he faces is starvation. 150 00:14:47,200 --> 00:14:49,880 In this rainforest, 151 00:14:49,920 --> 00:14:53,280 finding fruit is a treasure hunt. 152 00:15:02,280 --> 00:15:04,360 Scattered far and wide, 153 00:15:04,400 --> 00:15:06,880 it ripens at different times. 154 00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:13,520 But orangutans build up 3D mind maps 155 00:15:13,560 --> 00:15:16,280 that detail not only where to find it, 156 00:15:16,320 --> 00:15:18,760 but when it's good to eat. 157 00:15:23,480 --> 00:15:26,440 Finally, after a morning of travel, 158 00:15:26,480 --> 00:15:28,320 fruiting trees. 159 00:15:35,840 --> 00:15:39,640 But they've been overrun by a troop of macaques. 160 00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:46,960 HIGH-PITCHED SQUEALING 161 00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:49,280 NARRATOR: Nakal voices his annoyance. 162 00:15:50,400 --> 00:15:52,520 But he's just a pipsqueak. 163 00:15:52,560 --> 00:15:54,400 SQUEALING 164 00:15:57,760 --> 00:16:01,160 NARRATOR: They're more nuisance than a threat, 165 00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:03,800 so his mother makes it clear: 166 00:16:03,840 --> 00:16:04,840 'Mess with him... 167 00:16:07,440 --> 00:16:08,720 you mess with me!' 168 00:16:19,080 --> 00:16:21,600 Fruit provides the orangutans 169 00:16:21,640 --> 00:16:23,320 with the calories they crave. 170 00:16:26,560 --> 00:16:29,560 Over Nakal's long childhood, 171 00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:32,600 his mother will pass on the knowledge he needs. 172 00:16:33,960 --> 00:16:37,120 The wisdom of many generations... 173 00:16:38,760 --> 00:16:40,960 allows Borneo's orangutans 174 00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:44,360 to enjoy the riches available here. 175 00:16:59,560 --> 00:17:01,560 By early afternoon, 176 00:17:01,600 --> 00:17:04,880 as the tropical sun dries out the forest floor, 177 00:17:06,360 --> 00:17:09,360 legions of plant-eating insects 178 00:17:09,400 --> 00:17:11,720 home in on anything edible. 179 00:17:27,440 --> 00:17:30,720 Armies of termites emerge. 180 00:17:34,480 --> 00:17:37,800 Up to 7,000 per square yard. 181 00:17:38,920 --> 00:17:41,240 Many specialize in consuming trees... 182 00:17:42,880 --> 00:17:44,920 from the inside out. 183 00:17:47,960 --> 00:17:52,400 The trees deploy defense systems, 184 00:17:52,440 --> 00:17:55,840 sealing their wounds with healing resin. 185 00:18:00,400 --> 00:18:02,760 But this meranti tree 186 00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:05,080 has its very own protection... 187 00:18:08,160 --> 00:18:09,560 Assassin bugs. 188 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:19,400 This inch-and-a-half-long female 189 00:18:19,440 --> 00:18:21,240 repurposes resin 190 00:18:21,280 --> 00:18:24,280 to weaponize her forelimbs. 191 00:18:34,720 --> 00:18:36,240 Dressed to kill... 192 00:18:38,440 --> 00:18:40,400 she comes to the tree's defense. 193 00:18:57,040 --> 00:18:59,760 There's no escape from the viscous viciousness 194 00:18:59,800 --> 00:19:01,200 of this femme fatale. 195 00:19:08,800 --> 00:19:12,120 Once the termite is swaddled in sap, 196 00:19:12,160 --> 00:19:16,840 she skewers it with her stiletto mouthparts... 197 00:19:19,320 --> 00:19:23,720 and slowly syringes out its insides. 198 00:19:27,760 --> 00:19:31,240 With so much prey to tap into, 199 00:19:31,280 --> 00:19:36,440 this tree is the ideal place to raise a family. 200 00:19:40,160 --> 00:19:43,840 A passing male could be the perfect partner. 201 00:19:46,320 --> 00:19:49,400 What follows is completely new to science. 202 00:20:04,520 --> 00:20:06,280 A courtship dance 203 00:20:06,320 --> 00:20:09,720 thought to test his tenacity. 204 00:20:09,760 --> 00:20:14,720 # TANGO MUSIC PLAYING 205 00:20:14,760 --> 00:20:18,120 NARRATOR: If he can't withstand her gluey grip, 206 00:20:18,160 --> 00:20:20,320 they won't stick together. 207 00:20:33,560 --> 00:20:36,400 Hmm! Suitably impressed, 208 00:20:36,440 --> 00:20:40,920 she delicately dabs resin on the tip of her abdomen... 209 00:20:42,320 --> 00:20:45,480 ready to cement their relationship. 210 00:21:00,120 --> 00:21:03,440 The babies, with their menacing mittens, 211 00:21:03,480 --> 00:21:07,360 will spend their entire lives liquidating termites. 212 00:21:18,320 --> 00:21:22,080 INSECTS BUZZING 213 00:21:22,120 --> 00:21:24,560 NARRATOR: There are close to 200,000 species 214 00:21:24,600 --> 00:21:26,560 of insect in Borneo. 215 00:21:28,600 --> 00:21:32,560 INSECTS BUZZING 216 00:21:34,160 --> 00:21:36,040 NARRATOR: It's the ideal foraging ground 217 00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:38,960 for one of the rarest bears on Earth. 218 00:21:51,720 --> 00:21:53,680 The Bornean sun bear. 219 00:21:54,520 --> 00:21:57,040 Only the panda is more endangered. 220 00:22:02,760 --> 00:22:05,120 His four-inch-long claws 221 00:22:05,160 --> 00:22:08,360 rip open a termite mound with ease. 222 00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:16,200 Dense fur protects him from meals that might bite back. 223 00:22:17,800 --> 00:22:19,240 SURPRISED GRUNT 224 00:22:21,760 --> 00:22:24,800 NARRATOR: But it's no defense against a reticulated python. 225 00:22:32,320 --> 00:22:35,440 Growing to more than 30 feet long, 226 00:22:35,480 --> 00:22:38,760 they have been known to swallow a little bear whole. 227 00:22:46,280 --> 00:22:49,600 Nosing around his forest sanctuary, 228 00:22:49,640 --> 00:22:51,520 pickings are slim. 229 00:22:53,520 --> 00:22:56,640 That's why this bear is so small. 230 00:22:59,240 --> 00:23:03,040 No bigger than a large dog. 231 00:23:06,320 --> 00:23:08,520 But a sense of smell 232 00:23:08,560 --> 00:23:10,960 a thousand times more refined than ours... 233 00:23:12,320 --> 00:23:17,040 can identify an aroma from 100 yards or more. 234 00:23:21,640 --> 00:23:24,400 And he's caught the merest whiff 235 00:23:24,440 --> 00:23:27,280 of one of the jungle's most sought-after prizes... 236 00:23:33,960 --> 00:23:35,000 Honey! 237 00:23:38,480 --> 00:23:39,400 But to sniff it out... 238 00:23:41,080 --> 00:23:42,480 he'll have to go ape! 239 00:23:45,920 --> 00:23:47,920 Lightweight and agile, 240 00:23:48,880 --> 00:23:50,840 he's known as a 'monkey bear.' 241 00:23:58,440 --> 00:24:01,280 He pinpoints the hive by trial and error. 242 00:24:24,360 --> 00:24:26,120 He's spotted the hive. 243 00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:30,960 Buzzing bees mean golden honey. 244 00:24:45,880 --> 00:24:48,960 Just one last tree to climb to reach the jackpot. 245 00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:02,840 BUZZING 246 00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:11,520 BUZZING 247 00:25:14,840 --> 00:25:17,520 NARRATOR: At almost ten inches, 248 00:25:17,560 --> 00:25:21,920 that tongue is longer than any other bear's. 249 00:25:21,960 --> 00:25:24,240 Perfect for honey slurping. 250 00:25:32,840 --> 00:25:34,800 Now, that dreamy dessert... 251 00:25:38,360 --> 00:25:40,440 plus drowsy afternoon heat... 252 00:25:42,720 --> 00:25:44,800 can only mean one thing... 253 00:25:45,800 --> 00:25:48,000 It's siesta time. 254 00:25:51,480 --> 00:25:54,640 He busies himself making a lofty bed. 255 00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:14,600 Ah! Relax. 256 00:26:14,640 --> 00:26:18,920 Mmm, that breeze feels good! 257 00:26:32,560 --> 00:26:34,040 By late afternoon... 258 00:26:36,240 --> 00:26:38,880 gloom gathers at the forest floor. 259 00:26:44,960 --> 00:26:47,320 But even as the light dwindles 260 00:26:47,360 --> 00:26:49,760 and photosynthesis fizzles out, 261 00:26:51,800 --> 00:26:54,560 feeding doesn't have to stop. 262 00:26:57,200 --> 00:27:00,080 Borneo's vegetation is ingenious. 263 00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:07,160 Of its 15,000 different plant species, 264 00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:09,880 the highest diversity of anywhere on Earth... 265 00:27:11,520 --> 00:27:15,240 one family has turned from strictly vegan... 266 00:27:18,120 --> 00:27:19,400 to meat-eating. 267 00:27:24,200 --> 00:27:25,600 Pitcher plants. 268 00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:30,440 Some lure in unsuspecting insects 269 00:27:30,480 --> 00:27:33,000 with a perfumed promise of nectar... 270 00:27:36,760 --> 00:27:39,720 only to dissolve their victims 271 00:27:39,760 --> 00:27:42,400 in a bath of enzymes. 272 00:27:47,560 --> 00:27:50,040 This giant pitcher 273 00:27:50,080 --> 00:27:52,680 offers a sugary reward... 274 00:27:54,320 --> 00:27:56,080 to a sweet-toothed... 275 00:27:57,680 --> 00:27:58,960 tree shrew. 276 00:28:04,840 --> 00:28:06,200 In return... 277 00:28:08,680 --> 00:28:11,200 for a welcome deposit of nitrogen... 278 00:28:12,080 --> 00:28:14,360 found in shrew poo. 279 00:28:24,520 --> 00:28:27,560 But one pitcher has gone a step further 280 00:28:27,600 --> 00:28:30,440 away from its carnivorous diet... 281 00:28:33,040 --> 00:28:34,320 and become... 282 00:28:34,880 --> 00:28:36,400 vegetarian. 283 00:28:48,280 --> 00:28:51,040 In this Eden, plants can be 284 00:28:51,080 --> 00:28:53,520 every bit as enterprising as animals. 285 00:29:04,040 --> 00:29:07,440 BIRDS SQUAWKING 286 00:29:10,320 --> 00:29:13,040 NARRATOR: As the last rays of evening sun 287 00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:14,480 light up the treetops... 288 00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:21,560 for another of Borneo's most resourceful residents, 289 00:29:21,600 --> 00:29:24,440 the chore of finding food 290 00:29:24,480 --> 00:29:26,080 is far from over. 291 00:29:30,560 --> 00:29:33,320 Oriental pied hornbills 292 00:29:33,360 --> 00:29:36,880 are one of Borneo's largest fruit-eating birds. 293 00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:39,640 SQUAWKING 294 00:29:40,720 --> 00:29:43,960 NARRATOR: Weighing in at over two pounds, 295 00:29:45,560 --> 00:29:46,640 this male... 296 00:29:48,240 --> 00:29:50,640 and his faithful partner... 297 00:29:52,480 --> 00:29:56,160 need to eat a third of their bodyweight every day. 298 00:30:03,480 --> 00:30:05,200 Their seven-inch bills 299 00:30:05,240 --> 00:30:06,640 are precision instruments... 300 00:30:08,200 --> 00:30:10,280 designed to pick off 301 00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:12,480 even the tiniest fruits. 302 00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:26,520 With sunset fast approaching, 303 00:30:26,560 --> 00:30:28,000 they're still hungry... 304 00:30:30,280 --> 00:30:32,880 but these highly intelligent birds 305 00:30:32,920 --> 00:30:35,880 have worked out where to go to 306 00:30:35,920 --> 00:30:37,600 for an evening meal. 307 00:30:49,680 --> 00:30:52,200 Heading to where Borneo's uplands 308 00:30:52,240 --> 00:30:53,920 rise from the forest... 309 00:30:58,960 --> 00:31:02,960 they perch at the yawning mouth 310 00:31:03,000 --> 00:31:05,080 of a vast cavern. 311 00:31:05,120 --> 00:31:08,280 INSECTS BUZZING 312 00:31:09,840 --> 00:31:11,760 NARRATOR: Over thousands of years, 313 00:31:11,800 --> 00:31:14,280 rainwater has eaten away 314 00:31:14,320 --> 00:31:16,560 at these limestone crags... 315 00:31:18,840 --> 00:31:21,640 dissolving the rock to form cave networks 316 00:31:21,680 --> 00:31:24,440 that stretch for hundreds of miles. 317 00:31:27,800 --> 00:31:31,560 A highly-desirable home for something. 318 00:31:36,040 --> 00:31:37,440 Predators gather. 319 00:31:39,280 --> 00:31:41,320 A Wallace's Hawk Eagle 320 00:31:41,360 --> 00:31:43,880 arrives in anticipation. 321 00:31:48,160 --> 00:31:53,600 LOUD BUZZING 322 00:31:53,640 --> 00:31:56,520 NARRATOR: A sigh rises to a scream... 323 00:31:58,720 --> 00:32:03,640 as 300,000 wrinkle-lipped bats 324 00:32:03,680 --> 00:32:06,200 are disgorged from their roost. 325 00:32:06,240 --> 00:32:09,320 HIGH-PITCHED SQUEALING 326 00:32:31,720 --> 00:32:33,760 NARRATOR: A fast-moving feast... 327 00:32:34,840 --> 00:32:38,360 for a perfectly poised cave racer snake. 328 00:32:57,680 --> 00:33:00,720 Armed with three-inch-long rapier talons... 329 00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:06,960 the hawk eagle is designed for aerial interception... 330 00:33:15,160 --> 00:33:17,880 snatching ten or more bats 331 00:33:17,920 --> 00:33:19,440 every evening. 332 00:33:33,600 --> 00:33:34,680 Spurred on... 333 00:33:36,720 --> 00:33:39,560 the hornbills launch their aerial assault. 334 00:34:01,560 --> 00:34:04,080 But without the hawk's grasping talons... 335 00:34:12,480 --> 00:34:14,320 it ends in frustration. 336 00:34:22,440 --> 00:34:24,880 Time to consider a tactic 337 00:34:24,920 --> 00:34:27,400 better suited to his hardware. 338 00:34:35,840 --> 00:34:38,720 He repositions as close as possible 339 00:34:38,760 --> 00:34:41,280 to the streaming column of bats. 340 00:34:47,120 --> 00:34:49,760 With binocular vision to judge distance... 341 00:34:54,360 --> 00:34:56,520 and that precision beak... 342 00:35:02,680 --> 00:35:05,200 he needs to time it just right! 343 00:35:18,880 --> 00:35:21,200 He gives the first catch to his partner. 344 00:35:26,120 --> 00:35:28,000 He'll grab half a dozen more bats... 345 00:35:29,480 --> 00:35:31,200 and they'll be content. 346 00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:35,440 Only now has the full behavior 347 00:35:35,480 --> 00:35:37,640 been caught on camera. 348 00:35:42,840 --> 00:35:45,680 Of all 54 species of hornbill, 349 00:35:45,720 --> 00:35:49,120 the oriental pied has the most diverse diet. 350 00:35:53,840 --> 00:35:56,960 This intelligent bird has learned to cash in 351 00:35:57,000 --> 00:36:00,280 on every chance that Borneo's varied habitats 352 00:36:00,320 --> 00:36:01,600 have to offer. 353 00:36:04,640 --> 00:36:07,200 With their bellies full, 354 00:36:07,240 --> 00:36:10,760 the hornbills retire to their night-time roost. 355 00:36:19,840 --> 00:36:23,160 WINGS WHOOSHING 356 00:36:29,600 --> 00:36:32,160 NARRATOR: But there are places in this jungle 357 00:36:32,200 --> 00:36:33,600 that never sleep. 358 00:36:37,800 --> 00:36:41,320 Every night, the bats from this one cave 359 00:36:41,360 --> 00:36:46,240 are thought to harvest over two tons of insects. 360 00:36:54,920 --> 00:36:56,600 On their return, 361 00:36:56,640 --> 00:36:58,960 their excrement falls like rain... 362 00:37:02,760 --> 00:37:05,360 building over centuries 363 00:37:05,400 --> 00:37:10,080 to form a mountain of guano. 364 00:37:15,840 --> 00:37:18,000 More than 50 feet high... 365 00:37:20,520 --> 00:37:22,680 and 100 feet long. 366 00:37:26,360 --> 00:37:28,840 It sustains an incomparable ecosystem 367 00:37:28,880 --> 00:37:31,200 of tens of thousands 368 00:37:31,240 --> 00:37:33,040 of cockroaches... 369 00:37:35,560 --> 00:37:38,920 and a swarm of other scavengers. 370 00:37:41,720 --> 00:37:43,840 Foot-long centipedes... 371 00:37:45,080 --> 00:37:46,960 giant spiders... 372 00:37:50,520 --> 00:37:53,040 even cave crabs. 373 00:37:56,440 --> 00:38:00,040 And fresh meat is highly prized. 374 00:38:11,520 --> 00:38:13,760 But it's the cockroaches 375 00:38:13,800 --> 00:38:16,000 that get to the victim first. 376 00:38:19,360 --> 00:38:22,160 Stripping it to the bone within hours. 377 00:38:36,400 --> 00:38:39,560 Borneo's caves have created a unique habitat... 378 00:38:41,640 --> 00:38:44,520 based on growing stockpiles 379 00:38:44,560 --> 00:38:46,320 of forest minerals. 380 00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:06,320 Over thousands of years, 381 00:39:06,360 --> 00:39:10,440 the unparalleled diversity of this Eden 382 00:39:10,480 --> 00:39:13,800 has been driven by a lack of nutrients... 383 00:39:15,160 --> 00:39:17,480 thriving on ingenuity 384 00:39:17,520 --> 00:39:21,640 and the daily rhythms of this singular island paradise. 385 00:39:24,760 --> 00:39:28,280 But recent decades have seen rapid changes 386 00:39:28,320 --> 00:39:31,200 that affect all of the forest inhabitants. 387 00:39:35,920 --> 00:39:38,880 Long ago, stories were told 388 00:39:38,920 --> 00:39:41,800 of sacred spirits that inhabit the jungle. 389 00:39:45,880 --> 00:39:47,560 Part man, 390 00:39:47,600 --> 00:39:48,800 part animal. 391 00:39:52,760 --> 00:39:55,040 Almost five feet tall... 392 00:39:56,080 --> 00:39:59,480 this is a male orangutan. 393 00:40:06,520 --> 00:40:08,200 At 20 years of age, 394 00:40:08,240 --> 00:40:11,200 his wide facial flanges 395 00:40:11,240 --> 00:40:14,240 are a sign of virility. 396 00:40:17,320 --> 00:40:20,520 But he needs to get clear of the thick undergrowth 397 00:40:20,560 --> 00:40:24,080 to catch the attention of a passing female. 398 00:40:29,560 --> 00:40:32,080 At around 200 pounds, 399 00:40:32,120 --> 00:40:36,120 he's clearly at the upper limit for a life in the treetops. 400 00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:41,440 BRANCHES SNAPPING 401 00:40:50,240 --> 00:40:54,040 BRANCHES SNAPPING 402 00:40:58,560 --> 00:41:01,520 NARRATOR: Up here, his stage is set. 403 00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:09,560 CALLING 404 00:41:10,880 --> 00:41:13,200 NARRATOR: Male orangs serenade 405 00:41:13,240 --> 00:41:15,920 to draw in prospective partners. 406 00:41:17,120 --> 00:41:20,280 CALLING 407 00:41:21,720 --> 00:41:26,280 NARRATOR: His flanges are thought to project the song, 408 00:41:26,320 --> 00:41:29,760 and with less vegetation to dampen the sound 409 00:41:29,800 --> 00:41:32,600 it beams almost a mile. 410 00:41:32,640 --> 00:41:36,000 CALLING 411 00:41:36,040 --> 00:41:38,320 NARRATOR: It's known as a 'long call.' 412 00:41:39,360 --> 00:41:43,360 CALLING 413 00:41:46,280 --> 00:41:47,880 NARRATOR: Scientific research 414 00:41:47,920 --> 00:41:49,880 suggests he's singing his own praises... 415 00:41:52,000 --> 00:41:54,520 extolling health and status. 416 00:41:54,560 --> 00:42:00,040 CALLING 417 00:42:04,520 --> 00:42:06,360 NARRATOR: Who could resist such a performance? 418 00:42:13,720 --> 00:42:16,320 Bad luck, it's a juvenile male. 419 00:42:23,080 --> 00:42:26,240 And that grin is no greeting, 420 00:42:27,120 --> 00:42:28,640 it's a threat. 421 00:42:29,440 --> 00:42:33,000 Okay, if that's the way you want to play it. 422 00:42:50,600 --> 00:42:55,240 THUNDER RUMBLING 423 00:42:55,280 --> 00:42:58,400 NARRATOR: The afternoon rains now threaten the performance. 424 00:43:10,960 --> 00:43:11,800 Undeterred... 425 00:43:14,280 --> 00:43:16,280 with his makeshift umbrella... 426 00:43:20,400 --> 00:43:24,520 he continues singing in the rain. 427 00:43:24,560 --> 00:43:30,840 CALLING 428 00:43:30,880 --> 00:43:35,160 SOFTER CALLING 429 00:43:40,200 --> 00:43:43,480 SOFTER, MOURNFUL CALLING 430 00:43:54,400 --> 00:43:57,480 NARRATOR: There's a reason these mournful long calls 431 00:43:57,520 --> 00:43:58,920 go unanswered. 432 00:44:03,800 --> 00:44:07,920 Wilderness abruptly gives way to oil palm. 433 00:44:10,840 --> 00:44:12,640 In the last two decades, 434 00:44:12,680 --> 00:44:16,360 80 percent of orangutan habitat has been felled. 435 00:44:19,600 --> 00:44:22,880 Paradise has been lost to plantation. 436 00:44:28,160 --> 00:44:31,960 Thousands of these gentle apes are left marooned 437 00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:34,400 in small pockets of rainforest. 438 00:44:44,440 --> 00:44:47,400 Many males may never breed again. 439 00:44:58,040 --> 00:45:01,760 Elsewhere, virgin forest still exists... 440 00:45:04,840 --> 00:45:08,800 and orangutans are protected by parks and sanctuaries. 441 00:45:15,640 --> 00:45:18,440 Borneo's ancient habitats... 442 00:45:21,240 --> 00:45:23,400 have been woven together by millions 443 00:45:23,440 --> 00:45:25,520 of intricate relationships... 444 00:45:27,240 --> 00:45:30,040 plant and animal. 445 00:45:35,520 --> 00:45:38,480 As long as we can keep this unique trove 446 00:45:38,520 --> 00:45:40,560 of treasured species safe... 447 00:45:41,960 --> 00:45:44,560 this island's sacred forests... 448 00:45:45,320 --> 00:45:46,920 will be 449 00:45:46,960 --> 00:45:49,000 forever Eden. 450 00:46:06,520 --> 00:46:08,080 NARRATOR: The Eden team 451 00:46:08,120 --> 00:46:10,480 ventured deep into the jungles of Borneo 452 00:46:10,520 --> 00:46:14,960 to film previously unseen animal behavior. 453 00:46:15,840 --> 00:46:18,680 In Borneo, there's always something new to discover. 454 00:46:24,760 --> 00:46:27,960 NARRATOR: Using state-of-the-art camera technology, 455 00:46:28,000 --> 00:46:31,120 they captured dramatic imagery 456 00:46:31,160 --> 00:46:32,200 from above... 457 00:46:33,320 --> 00:46:34,520 and below. 458 00:46:35,760 --> 00:46:38,960 Cutting-edge macro lenses revealed new science 459 00:46:39,000 --> 00:46:41,560 about the secret lives of Borneo's insects. 460 00:46:47,040 --> 00:46:48,960 But the team's greatest challenge 461 00:46:49,000 --> 00:46:52,960 was filming a family of rare Bornean orangutans... 462 00:46:54,680 --> 00:46:57,640 high up in the world's tallest tropical trees. 463 00:47:01,560 --> 00:47:04,920 Camerawoman Justine Evans is no stranger to Borneo. 464 00:47:08,160 --> 00:47:11,160 She's been coming to the ancient rainforest of Danum Valley 465 00:47:11,200 --> 00:47:12,840 for 25 years. 466 00:47:13,360 --> 00:47:14,840 I have to say that this is 467 00:47:14,880 --> 00:47:17,520 the most beautiful forest I've ever seen. 468 00:47:20,560 --> 00:47:23,320 NARRATOR: But outside of protected areas like this, 469 00:47:23,360 --> 00:47:26,520 deforestation and palm oil production 470 00:47:26,560 --> 00:47:29,040 have led to an 80 percent loss 471 00:47:29,080 --> 00:47:32,560 in orangutan habitat over the last two decades. 472 00:47:34,440 --> 00:47:36,480 JUSTINE: I think nothing quite prepares you 473 00:47:36,520 --> 00:47:40,520 for the sight of the unrelenting landscape 474 00:47:40,560 --> 00:47:42,120 of palm oil. 475 00:47:42,160 --> 00:47:43,960 Just the monoculture 476 00:47:44,000 --> 00:47:45,560 on such a grand scale, 477 00:47:45,600 --> 00:47:48,960 it-it's, uh... it's shocking. 478 00:47:49,000 --> 00:47:51,520 Every time I go back to Borneo, 479 00:47:51,560 --> 00:47:54,040 I wonder what I'm gonna find 480 00:47:54,080 --> 00:47:56,840 and whether I'm going to see the orangutans. 481 00:47:57,680 --> 00:48:00,640 NARRATOR: Justine will have to climb high up into the canopy 482 00:48:00,680 --> 00:48:04,680 to stand a chance of filming orangutans in their world. 483 00:48:07,840 --> 00:48:10,520 The team get to work erecting a platform... 484 00:48:11,360 --> 00:48:13,920 positioned across from a fruiting tree 485 00:48:13,960 --> 00:48:17,760 that a mother and her infant have been known to visit. 486 00:48:20,080 --> 00:48:22,200 After six hours, 487 00:48:22,240 --> 00:48:23,640 everything is in place. 488 00:48:26,280 --> 00:48:29,160 Justine will be at eye level with the orangutans. 489 00:48:32,160 --> 00:48:35,120 But the platform is only three feet long 490 00:48:35,160 --> 00:48:36,800 by three feet wide. 491 00:48:36,840 --> 00:48:39,040 It's going to be a tight squeeze. 492 00:48:39,080 --> 00:48:41,640 JUSTINE: There's about enough space for the camera 493 00:48:41,680 --> 00:48:44,720 and the tripod and me. 494 00:48:44,760 --> 00:48:46,240 And that's the edge, 495 00:48:46,280 --> 00:48:47,760 all the way down about 496 00:48:47,800 --> 00:48:49,760 100 feet to the ground. 497 00:48:51,000 --> 00:48:53,200 All we need now is some orangutans to come along. 498 00:48:58,320 --> 00:49:00,320 NARRATOR: For the next seven days, 499 00:49:00,360 --> 00:49:02,600 Justine waits patiently 500 00:49:02,640 --> 00:49:04,840 from dawn to dusk 501 00:49:04,880 --> 00:49:07,120 for the mum and baby to show. 502 00:49:08,640 --> 00:49:11,200 I've been here since half five in the morning, and it's now... 503 00:49:12,640 --> 00:49:13,920 3:00pm. 504 00:49:16,160 --> 00:49:19,480 It's a long time to be sitting on an aluminum tea tray. 505 00:49:21,640 --> 00:49:22,880 NARRATOR: Without any notice, 506 00:49:22,920 --> 00:49:25,360 the rainforest dumps an inch of rain 507 00:49:25,400 --> 00:49:27,280 onto Justine and her camera. 508 00:49:29,200 --> 00:49:31,560 JUSTINE: It's extremely wet out here, 509 00:49:31,600 --> 00:49:35,280 so Tim's come up and we're trying to evacuate all the kit. 510 00:49:35,320 --> 00:49:39,040 We went from sunny to pouring with rain within ten minutes. 511 00:49:39,080 --> 00:49:40,960 Tim's heading down and I'm gonna follow. 512 00:49:45,640 --> 00:49:47,600 NARRATOR: A week into the shoot, 513 00:49:47,640 --> 00:49:50,400 without so much as a glimpse of an orangutan, 514 00:49:50,440 --> 00:49:52,600 Justine swaps the sit-and-wait approach 515 00:49:52,640 --> 00:49:54,640 to tracking them on foot. 516 00:49:54,680 --> 00:49:56,920 JUSTINE: I'm dreading the prospect of dragging 517 00:49:56,960 --> 00:49:59,480 all our kit through this forest, running around on the ground, 518 00:49:59,520 --> 00:50:01,320 trying to follow and orang is really tricky. 519 00:50:02,240 --> 00:50:05,040 NARRATOR: And this tropical jungle is infested with bugs 520 00:50:05,080 --> 00:50:07,040 and blood-sucking leeches. 521 00:50:07,560 --> 00:50:10,120 I thought I felt something on my finger earlier. 522 00:50:11,760 --> 00:50:13,440 NARRATORS: Orangutans have an intimate knowledge 523 00:50:13,480 --> 00:50:15,360 of where fruiting trees lie. 524 00:50:15,400 --> 00:50:18,880 The crew are relying more on guesswork. 525 00:50:20,400 --> 00:50:22,640 JUSTINE: Is there any way for us to follow? 526 00:50:22,680 --> 00:50:25,360 NARRATOR: Finally, one of the trackers radios a sighting. 527 00:50:32,600 --> 00:50:34,920 JUSTINE: This is the first opportunity I'm gonna get 528 00:50:34,960 --> 00:50:37,200 hopefully to see the orangutan, 529 00:50:37,240 --> 00:50:39,440 and it's great that we've got a female 530 00:50:39,480 --> 00:50:41,880 with the young, that's exactly what we're after. 531 00:50:43,000 --> 00:50:44,960 NARRATOR: But the family is moving too quickly 532 00:50:45,000 --> 00:50:46,920 through the canopy for the crew to keep up. 533 00:50:48,560 --> 00:50:50,800 JUSTINE: It's cat and mouse. 534 00:50:50,840 --> 00:50:54,760 I think this orangutan is trying to shake us off, personally. 535 00:50:55,720 --> 00:50:57,520 NARRATOR: After hours of searching 536 00:50:57,560 --> 00:50:59,280 through dense rainforest, 537 00:50:59,320 --> 00:51:01,440 Justine is finally rewarded 538 00:51:01,480 --> 00:51:03,120 with an intimate view. 539 00:51:03,800 --> 00:51:05,880 JUSTINE: There she is. 540 00:51:05,920 --> 00:51:08,440 Wow! It's the first time I've seen her. 541 00:51:08,480 --> 00:51:10,160 It's the female orangutan, 542 00:51:10,200 --> 00:51:12,520 she's just come in to a little clear spot. 543 00:51:14,480 --> 00:51:16,480 They have led us, 544 00:51:16,520 --> 00:51:18,320 after a few hours of going 545 00:51:18,360 --> 00:51:20,040 through quite thick vegetation, 546 00:51:20,080 --> 00:51:23,000 to a very high fig tree. 547 00:51:23,040 --> 00:51:26,840 And it's absolutely chocka with fruits. 548 00:51:28,920 --> 00:51:30,680 NARRATOR: Over the next ten days, 549 00:51:30,720 --> 00:51:32,960 trudging more than 70 miles, 550 00:51:33,000 --> 00:51:36,160 Justine was able to revisit the young family 551 00:51:36,200 --> 00:51:38,880 and capture their tender moments together. 552 00:51:42,440 --> 00:51:45,120 JUSTINE: When you film any of the great apes, 553 00:51:45,160 --> 00:51:48,560 you feel that connection, it's unmistakable. 554 00:51:49,840 --> 00:51:53,200 The emotions that you see running through them 555 00:51:53,240 --> 00:51:56,240 is... is so relatable. 556 00:51:56,280 --> 00:51:58,320 I've come away feeling obviously 557 00:51:58,360 --> 00:52:00,560 very rewarded by the experience, 558 00:52:00,600 --> 00:52:02,480 but tinged with a sadness 559 00:52:02,520 --> 00:52:05,120 because of the bigger picture in Borneo. 560 00:52:10,320 --> 00:52:13,440 NARRATOR: As long as areas like Danum Valley are protected, 561 00:52:13,480 --> 00:52:15,720 orangutans stand a chance, 562 00:52:16,720 --> 00:52:19,360 and all the species that call Borneo home 563 00:52:19,400 --> 00:52:21,760 will be kept safe 564 00:52:21,800 --> 00:52:23,800 for the future of us all.