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[female narrator] <i>Imagine two customers</i>
<i>walk into a luxury store.</i>

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<i>One is wearing a dress and a fur coat.</i>

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<i>The other is wearing a jacket</i>
<i>and gym clothes.</i>

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<i>Which would you guess</i>
<i>would be able to spend more money?</i>

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<i>When researchers asked employees</i>
<i>at boutique shops in Milan</i>

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<i>that question in 2013,</i>

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<i>their answer was overwhelmingly</i>
<i>the person in gym clothes.</i>

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<i>But even as recently as the '90s,</i>

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<i>wearing sweatpants in public</i>
<i>was a TV punchline.</i>

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Again with the sweatpants?

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Know the message you're sending
to the world with sweatpants?

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You're telling the world, "I give up."

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[laughter]

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<i>Because for thousands of years,</i>

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<i>clothing more or less</i>
<i>followed the same rules.</i>

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<i>The quality of your fabric and tailoring</i>
<i>was a status symbol.</i>

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<i>If you could afford it,</i>
<i>you hired a tailor or seamstress.</i>

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<i>Clothing clearly separated</i>
<i>the rich from the poor</i>

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<i>and men from women.</i>

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There used to be a lot of things
that women needed to do

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in order to present themselves
to be accepted.

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And we're breaking those barriers,

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and here we are,
and leggings are taking over the world.

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<i>Today, men and women</i>
<i>wear a lot of the same things.</i>

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<i>Some of the world's richest people</i>
<i>dress like anyone you pass on the street.</i>

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<i>And high fashion</i>
<i>looks to streetwear for inspiration.</i>

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<i>Activewear like this has become</i>
<i>a global market worth over $300 billion.</i>

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<i>It's almost a quarter</i>
<i>of all the clothes we buy.</i>

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<i>How did that happen?</i>

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<i>How did we start dressing so casually,</i>
<i>and why do we do it?</i>

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[woman] <i>Our designers have developed</i>
<i>new fashions for casual living.</i>

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-[man] <i>This is a synthetic fiber.</i>
-You mean we make cloth out of that?

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[second man] <i>Research in miracle fabrics</i>
<i>has created a clothing revolution.</i>

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I'm here for the spandex.

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And I just love how fashion is finally
just becoming more and more cultural.

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I want to wear my working-out clothes
in my day-to-day life.

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[man] <i>It was more casual,</i>

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<i>but at the same time,</i>
<i>you could go anywhere.</i>

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Yeah, the word "athleisure"
probably came in--

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I don't know what--

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it's some-- somewhere around 2011, 2012,

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and it was almost like a joke.

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[man] <i>Are we wearing more sportswear</i>
<i>because we're exercising more?</i>

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-[buzzer]
-[second man] <i>Uh, no.</i>

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-[man and woman] <i>Athleisure.</i>
-Athleisure.

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Wear gym clothes and still look fabulous.

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-Do you work out in those pants?
-Yeah, I think so.

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-But you haven't?
-No, I haven't.

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[both laugh]

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[narrator] <i>While the term "athleisure"</i>
<i>may be new,</i> <i>the trend definitely isn't.</i>

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<i>And it all started with free time.</i>

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Free time is associated with
the ruling class.

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I mean, throughout history,
the ruling class had leisure

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because servants or slaves
were doing all of the actual work.

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<i>But by the early 20th century,</i>

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<i>life was getting better for average people</i>
<i>in industrializing countries.</i>

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<i>New time-saving technologies</i>
<i>and pressure from organized labor</i>

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<i>ushered in regulations on work hours.</i>

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<i>The average work week</i>
<i>dropped from 65 to 46 hours</i>

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<i>in the span of a single lifetime.</i>

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<i>One of the biggest drops was in the U.S.</i>

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What you find by the beginning
of the 20th century

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is that people of the middling sort
start to have more leisure time

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so they also can participate in sports.

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<i>Indoor gyms sprung up</i>
<i>in cities across America.</i>

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<i>That concept had been</i>
<i>recently pioneered in Germany,</i>

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<i>inspired by the ancient Greeks.</i>

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<i>The word "gymnasium"</i>
<i>actually comes from the Greek "gymnós,"</i>

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<i>meaning "naked,"</i>
<i>because the original gym clothes...</i>

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-[ding]
-<i>...were nothing.</i>

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<i>And that would've been</i>
<i>a lot less constricting</i>

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<i>than the outfits of gym-goers</i>
<i>in the late 1800s.</i>

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<i>But then their clothes</i>
<i>started getting more comfortable.</i>

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<i>That's because gyms were private spaces</i>
<i>segregated by gender,</i>

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<i>which meant women could wear</i>
<i>new designs like bloomers</i>

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<i>that would've been scandalous</i>
<i>on city streets.</i>

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<i>At the risk of arrest,</i>

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<i>women campaigned to make</i>
<i>those more comfortable styles acceptable.</i>

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<i>Because at the time, women's clothes</i>
<i>could be extremely restrictive.</i>

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<i>Wealthy women sometimes needed help</i>
<i>getting dressed.</i>

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<i>But once women</i>
<i>were able to play sports in college</i>

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<i>and bicycles took off in cities...</i>

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<i>those casual clothes</i>
<i>stopped being so private.</i>

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<i>And that's when things</i>
<i>really started to change.</i>

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<i>Just look at tennis outfits.</i>

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<i>In 1900, players wore ankle-length skirts,</i>
<i>long sleeves, and corsets.</i>

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<i>Then skirts got shorter and shorter.</i>

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<i>Tennis players</i>
<i>like France's Suzanne Lenglen</i>

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<i>became style icons.</i>

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[man] <i>She served up a costume</i>
<i>that made the game more interesting.</i>

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[narrator] <i>Her signature</i>
<i>knee-length pleated skirts,</i>

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<i>sleeveless tops, rolled stockings,</i>
<i>and headbands</i>

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<i>helped her play the sport better,</i>

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<i>and young women started copying her look</i>
<i>as a progressive statement.</i>

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<i>By the 1920s,</i>

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Vogue <i>magazine regularly featured</i>
<i>tennis-inspired looks on its cover.</i>

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<i>Clothes made for sports</i>
<i>were becoming mainstream fashion.</i>

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What you see in America
by the early 20th century

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is a kind of blurring of those things.

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So something like a sweater,

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which you originally would wear
to sweat in

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while you were in
active-leisure pursuits,

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then became something that you would wear
to look casual and sportive.

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[overlapping chatter]

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I certainly feel much more comfortable
playing in shorts

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because my skirt doesn't flap around
when I putt and when I walk over hills.

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[narrator] <i>Clothing that allows people</i>
<i>to move freely and comfortably--</i>

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<i>almost all of it began as sports apparel.</i>

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<i>Sneakers come from croquet,</i>
<i>Henley shirts from rowing,</i>

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<i>and turtlenecks come from polo.</i>

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<i>That new casual American style</i>
<i>became known as sportswear.</i>

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<i>Commercials like this one</i>

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<i>advertised these clothes</i>
<i>as comfortable, easy to wash...</i>

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[man] <i>Radiant from head to toe</i>
<i>in man-made materials.</i>

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[narrator] <i>...and made out of plastic.</i>

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<i>For almost all of human history,</i>

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<i>textiles were made from</i>
<i>either animals or plants.</i>

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<i>Worms gave us silk,</i> <i>sheep gave us wool,</i>

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<i>goats gave us cashmere,</i>
<i>flax plants gave us linen,</i>

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<i>and cotton shrubs, of course,</i>
<i>gave us cotton.</i>

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If you look at cotton,

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it was readily accessible
to most everybody,

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and it was grown
pretty much all over the world,

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so everybody had access to it,
but it has limitations.

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<i>Cotton can hold about</i>
<i>eight percent of its weight in water.</i>

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<i>For wool, it can be up to 30%.</i>

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<i>These wool swimsuits</i>
<i>weighed eight pounds when they got wet.</i>

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<i>But then scientists discovered how to make</i>
<i>a totally new kind of fiber in a lab.</i>

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The magic of modern chemistry

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rocketed us into a new world
of modern fabrics.

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<i>In the span of a few decades,</i>
<i>the chemical company DuPont</i>

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<i>introduced the world</i>
<i>to all of these synthetic fibers.</i>

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<i>First, there was nylon.</i>

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<i>DuPont marketed</i>
<i>the silk-like fabric to women</i>

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<i>as an alternative to</i>
<i>the scratchy wool stockings of the time.</i>

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<i>They were a hit.</i>

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[man] <i>On the run come the ladies.</i>
<i>Free nylons just for the scramble.</i>

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<i>It may only prove</i>
<i>that a woman wants to be a knockout</i>

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<i>even if she has to KO her friends</i>
<i>to do it.</i>

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[narrator] <i>Soon, fashion magazines</i>

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<i>were filled with ads</i>
<i>for new man-made fibers,</i>

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<i>claiming they would free women</i>
<i>from time-consuming clothes-care.</i>

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<i>And then DuPont</i>
<i>invented something revolutionary.</i>

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I think we need to talk about spandex.

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<i>Spandex, first marketed</i>
<i>under the brand name Lycra,</i>

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<i>would be blended with natural fibers</i>
<i>to make it more lightweight, elastic,</i>

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<i>and flattering to your figure.</i>

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It meant that you could create garments

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that fit much closer to the body,
but that were so comfortable.

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That made it possible
to create form-fitting clothes

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without clever and expensive
cutting and seaming.

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Once you had lycra,

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any old stupid manufacturer
could do body-worshiping clothes.

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<i>Body-hugging spandex</i>
<i>revolutionized what we wore for sports.</i>

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<i>For swimming, skiing, cycling,</i>

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<i>dancing, and yoga.</i>

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<i>But there's one big problem with spandex--</i>
<i>it's very clingy...</i>

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<i>in areas you may not want it to cling.</i>

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-Are you ready to do the workout?
-[women] Yeah.

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Now, if you look at the Jane Fonda videos,
they've solved that problem

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by having basically a bodysuit
over top of the leotards.

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-Stomach tight, buttocks pulled in...
-<i>But then came yoga pants.</i>

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I started lululemon

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on the premise
that this pant was perfect.

165
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The number one key<i> </i>invention
was the gusset in the crotch.

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<i>That's right, the gusset in the crotch.</i>

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<i>It's a diamond-shaped piece of fabric</i>
<i>in between the pant legs</i>

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<i>that increases coverage and flexibility.</i>

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I just basically took that bodysuit
and built that into the pant.

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So then it became acceptable for a woman

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to leave a sweaty workout
and be out on the street.

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<i>Design innovations like this</i>
<i>made skin-tight clothes less revealing.</i>

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I want to be able to...
have it be acceptable

174
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that I can go and work out,

175
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take my kids to school,
then show up to work.

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And I don't want to break the bank
or have to change on the go.

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I want to wear one legging, really.

178
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I think that's why activewear
has become so enormous.

179
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It just suits the modern woman.

180
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<i>Today, American women</i>
<i>are buying more stretch pants than jeans.</i>

181
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<i>But going from this</i> <i>to this took time.</i>

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It took quite a long time
before the public adjusted to

183
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what seemed to them
like shocking body exposure.

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And that was something that was
gradually mediated by fashion photographs,

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by movies, by television shows.

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<i>By the early 1960s, almost every American</i>
<i>had a screen in their home</i>

187
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<i>just as the biggest generation</i>
<i>in American history entered their teens.</i>

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Youth movements
were also extremely important.

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You see that at the beginning
of the 20th century.

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You see it again
in the '60s, '70s, again in the '80s.

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I mean, it never stopped after that.

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<i>TV also turned athletes</i>
<i>into celebrities like never before...</i>

193
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<i>just as professional sports teams</i>
<i>slowly started allowing non-white players.</i>

194
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<i>The number of black players in the NBA</i>
<i>went from three in 1950</i>

195
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<i>to nearly 3/4 of all the league's players</i>
<i>by the early 1990s.</i>

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<i>Seeing athletes on TV,</i>
<i>along with their hoodies,</i>

197
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<i>their spandex, and their sneakers</i>
<i>lead to new trends,</i>

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<i>and vendors took notice.</i>

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They are looking for the cool items

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because they've seen it on TV,
and they've been influenced by the fact

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that these are what all the kids
are going to be wearing.

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The lifestyle of young people
and<i> </i>their<i> </i>habits

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and things they're interested in

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increasingly have moved away from
formal business-style dressing

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towards leisure dressing.

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<i>These new idols also inspired the fashions</i>
<i>of a new music genre.</i>

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<i>♪ My Adidas ♪</i>

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<i>Run-DMC released "My Adidas"</i>
<i>on their 1986 album </i>Raising Hell...

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<i>♪ I got 50 pair... ♪</i>

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<i>...the first rap album</i>
<i>to crack the Billboard Top 10.</i>

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♪ <i>My Adidas ♪</i>

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<i>Those lyrics prompted Adidas</i>

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<i>to set up an endorsement deal</i>
<i>with Run-DMC,</i>

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<i>the first of many partnerships</i>

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<i>between a clothing line</i>
<i>and a hip-hop artist.</i>

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<i>And those partnerships</i>
<i>helped democratize brands</i>

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<i>previously associated</i>
<i>with country clubs and exclusivity.</i>

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This is Ralph Lauren,
you know what I'm saying?

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Take it back to Polo preppy days,
you know what I'm saying?

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For hip-hop performers to embrace that

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and sort of translate it in their own way

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I think was a real statement
about what status means

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and who has access to status
and how it's defined.

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Ultimately sort of who owned
the markers of success.

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<i>This style came to be known as streetwear.</i>

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<i>Slowly, people historically marginalized</i>
<i>from the markers of success</i>

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<i>started to be the ones to influence them.</i>

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<i>And as hip-hop grew to be</i>

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<i>one of the most popular music genres</i>
<i>in the world, that style spread globally.</i>

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[man] <i>It started in New York City,</i>

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<i>moved out to mainstream America,</i>
<i>and then on to France...</i>

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[woman] <i>Japanese teens are dressing,</i>
<i>and, yes, even looking the part.</i>

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It's just something
that appeals to me, really.

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It's hip-hop, though, isn't it?
It's streetwear.

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When you start having that kind of shift
from formal to casual to athletic

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to, you know, whatever it-it may be,
all of those things sort of upset

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what we know to be,
um, the hierarchy of status,

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how we sort of very quickly
aesthetically define people.

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<i>Over the decades,</i>
<i>these trends have had different names--</i>

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<i>sportswear, activewear,</i>
<i>streetwear and now athleisure.</i>

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<i>But they've all allowed us</i>
<i>to dress more casually,</i>

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<i>and that's turned the meaning of clothes</i>
<i>upside down.</i>

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<i>Gym clothes can signal wealth</i>
<i>better than fur coats.</i>

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<i>Women wear clothes once reserved for men,</i>

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<i>and billionaires make public appearances</i>
<i>in running shoes and hoodies.</i>

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<i>But while more people</i>
<i>may dress the same way,</i>

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<i>that doesn't mean</i>
<i>that they're all seen the same way.</i>

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Yes, they have the ability
to walk around wearing hoodies and jeans

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because they are white dudes
in Silicon Valley who are billionaires.

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Other people without that privilege,

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um, don't get to walk around in hoodies.

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<i>For centuries,</i>
<i>people have fought for the right</i>

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<i>to move freely, safely</i>
<i>and comfortably in public</i>

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<i>and to show their bodies how they want to.</i>

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<i>Clothing is still a battleground,</i>

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00:14:52,474 --> 00:14:56,520
<i>and you just need to turn on the news</i>
<i>to see that that battle isn't over.</i>

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[male newscaster]
<i>Protesters  wore sports jerseys,</i>

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<i>sleeveless shirts,</i>
<i>and baseball caps on backwards.</i>

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<i>Items banned under a new dress code</i>
<i>in the city's nightclub district.</i>

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The fact that he was black
and the fact that he's wearing a hoodie

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makes him suspicious walking home.

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[man] <i>The mayor of Cannes</i>
<i>is temporarily banning women</i>

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<i>from wearing burkinis</i>
<i>at the French Riviera's beaches.</i>

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00:15:19,335 --> 00:15:22,922
Serena Williams will be banned
from wearing her black cat suit.

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Girls wearing leggings
without shorts or a skirt to cover them

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will not be allowed on campus.

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The company's founder and chairman,
Chip Wilson, he is stepping down

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after an uproar over these comments
that he made...

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Frankly, some woman's bodies
just actually don't work for it.

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We're sick and tired
of our clothing and our bodies

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being policed by men.

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Athleisure and sportswear
and cultural shifts

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have allowed us to value...

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personal comfort above...

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everything else.

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[closing music playing]

