1 00:00:01,767 --> 00:00:04,517 (digging sounds) 2 00:00:20,609 --> 00:00:23,359 3 00:00:25,460 --> 00:00:27,030 (exciting music) 4 00:00:30,493 --> 00:00:33,050 5 00:00:35,903 --> 00:00:37,250 The survival of our species 6 00:00:39,120 --> 00:00:41,773 has always depended on advances in food and agriculture. 7 00:00:43,770 --> 00:00:45,840 8 00:00:48,393 --> 00:00:52,830 There are 7.3 billion people on the planet. 9 00:00:54,830 --> 00:00:56,223 10 00:01:02,290 --> 00:01:06,010 The world's population is expected 11 00:01:08,291 --> 00:01:10,103 to top nine billion in 2050. 12 00:01:41,180 --> 00:01:45,240 13 00:01:48,930 --> 00:01:51,950 Climate change is gonna scramble 14 00:01:54,500 --> 00:01:56,550 this whole how are we gonna feed the world debate. 15 00:01:58,980 --> 00:02:02,820 16 00:02:03,717 --> 00:02:05,967 This is all about companies 17 00:02:16,490 --> 00:02:19,440 controlling our future. 18 00:02:22,853 --> 00:02:24,940 19 00:02:26,197 --> 00:02:28,860 So, amongst all this conflict and confusion, 20 00:02:33,060 --> 00:02:34,327 how do we make the most informed decisions 21 00:02:35,620 --> 00:02:36,930 about how we feed ourselves? 22 00:02:39,100 --> 00:02:43,093 23 00:02:45,480 --> 00:02:48,380 We are at a pivotal time in the history of this island. 24 00:02:49,883 --> 00:02:54,590 I have a bill before the council 25 00:02:56,960 --> 00:03:01,230 that would restrict the use of GMOs. 26 00:03:02,730 --> 00:03:03,810 The point is that we have an opportunity 27 00:03:05,180 --> 00:03:06,320 to act, to do something. 28 00:03:07,480 --> 00:03:08,313 We would make history on this island. 29 00:03:10,168 --> 00:03:11,550 Let's make this island a model for the rest of the world. 30 00:03:12,720 --> 00:03:14,113 Thank you. 31 00:03:18,580 --> 00:03:19,500 (applause) 32 00:03:21,356 --> 00:03:24,220 33 00:03:27,313 --> 00:03:30,610 I am concerned about some of the health issues 34 00:03:32,530 --> 00:03:36,550 related to GMOs on a number of different levels. 35 00:03:38,070 --> 00:03:40,560 36 00:03:42,920 --> 00:03:44,333 My approach was, 37 00:03:46,820 --> 00:03:49,170 "Hey, we're gonna close the door on this island. 38 00:03:56,072 --> 00:03:59,110 You don't come here until we have more information 39 00:04:00,530 --> 00:04:03,480 of what is safe." 40 00:04:06,610 --> 00:04:10,100 @A� ��� 41 00:04:12,750 --> 00:04:14,880 There's a lot going on on this island. 42 00:04:17,233 --> 00:04:18,980 This is ground zero for the entire world 43 00:04:20,900 --> 00:04:22,310 in terms of experimentation of GMOs and seed production. 44 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:27,150 45 00:04:27,983 --> 00:04:29,820 This is a really rare opportunity to get shots 46 00:04:32,120 --> 00:04:34,170 of people spraying. 47 00:04:35,070 --> 00:04:36,880 e 48 00:04:39,470 --> 00:04:41,710 We, as a society, do so many stupid things. 49 00:04:45,840 --> 00:04:47,120 And I feel like the GMO is a thoughtless, invasive species 50 00:04:49,740 --> 00:04:51,810 that is being brought in here. 51 00:04:55,420 --> 00:04:57,410 52 00:04:59,670 --> 00:05:01,410 If they're safe, great. 53 00:05:02,460 --> 00:05:03,293 Bring your jobs. 54 00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:08,210 You know, the more the merrier. 55 00:05:09,360 --> 00:05:10,907 If you're helping the island. 56 00:05:12,223 --> 00:05:14,920 If you're really feeding people, 57 00:05:17,010 --> 00:05:17,860 then you're more than welcome. 58 00:05:18,860 --> 00:05:19,714 They're not farmers. 59 00:05:20,810 --> 00:05:23,120 They're mad scientists. 60 00:05:23,953 --> 00:05:26,206 61 00:05:27,760 --> 00:05:31,470 With this conflict 62 00:05:34,620 --> 00:05:36,840 over genetically modified organisms, 63 00:05:40,830 --> 00:05:44,300 Hawaii has become ground zero 64 00:05:47,680 --> 00:05:52,680 of a battle for how to feed the world sustainably. 65 00:05:52,930 --> 00:05:54,020 66 00:05:55,430 --> 00:05:56,970 A long day of testimony on 67 00:05:58,113 --> 00:06:01,800 two proposed laws prohibiting genetically modified organisms 68 00:06:02,633 --> 00:06:04,650 on Hawaii Island. 69 00:06:06,390 --> 00:06:08,803 Before voting, the Hawaii County Council 70 00:06:09,970 --> 00:06:11,400 tried to get answers about any safety concerns 71 00:06:12,930 --> 00:06:14,330 related to GMOs. 72 00:06:17,660 --> 00:06:18,837 73 00:06:21,630 --> 00:06:25,570 Okay, I'm calling this meeting back to order. 74 00:06:27,010 --> 00:06:27,843 75 00:06:28,682 --> 00:06:29,515 Have you ever heard of the rainbow papaya? 76 00:06:30,387 --> 00:06:31,388 Oh, yes, I'm very aware of it. 77 00:06:32,221 --> 00:06:36,499 Eating papaya that's genetically engineered 78 00:06:40,229 --> 00:06:41,819 might cause you to get more colds, 79 00:06:43,992 --> 00:06:46,189 more susceptibility to hepatitis or HIV. 80 00:06:48,829 --> 00:06:51,679 And, again, these are completely backed 81 00:06:53,692 --> 00:06:56,249 with peer-reviewed published studies. 82 00:06:58,129 --> 00:07:01,585 We've actually put the population at risk. 83 00:07:04,489 --> 00:07:06,259 84 00:07:09,836 --> 00:07:11,522 Here in Hilo, we have Michael Shintaku 85 00:07:12,769 --> 00:07:14,919 who opposes the bill. 86 00:07:17,832 --> 00:07:19,033 Most of this testimony's very emotional. 87 00:07:20,759 --> 00:07:22,520 Everybody's saying that GMOs are dangerous. 88 00:07:23,799 --> 00:07:26,415 But they're not. 89 00:07:28,376 --> 00:07:29,209 There's not a single credible study. 90 00:07:31,279 --> 00:07:32,632 It's caused by people who are 91 00:07:34,509 --> 00:07:36,679 intentionally making other people scared. 92 00:07:39,445 --> 00:07:42,453 93 00:07:45,809 --> 00:07:47,829 The biggest risks associated with 94 00:07:51,919 --> 00:07:56,919 today's genetically engineered crops, 95 00:07:57,469 --> 00:07:59,669 these so-called Roundup Ready crops, 96 00:08:00,509 --> 00:08:02,839 is this significant increase in pesticide use. 97 00:08:06,959 --> 00:08:09,449 There's remarkable correlations 98 00:08:11,819 --> 00:08:14,669 between the use of glyphosate on GMOs 99 00:08:18,529 --> 00:08:20,819 and the rates of autism in America. 100 00:08:22,779 --> 00:08:24,372 Also of obesity and diabetes and Alzheimer's. 101 00:08:25,439 --> 00:08:27,039 All of these things correlate very, very strongly. 102 00:08:31,469 --> 00:08:32,809 So, I think, eventually, the only solution 103 00:08:36,789 --> 00:08:40,219 that's actually going to work in the long run 104 00:08:42,059 --> 00:08:45,449 is to go organic. 105 00:08:47,189 --> 00:08:48,809 Thank you. 106 00:08:49,777 --> 00:08:52,422 107 00:08:53,369 --> 00:08:55,339 How many scientists are here in the audience? 108 00:08:56,476 --> 00:08:57,639 Please raise your hand. 109 00:08:59,499 --> 00:09:00,939 110 00:09:02,809 --> 00:09:04,629 With degrees. 111 00:09:08,979 --> 00:09:10,899 112 00:09:12,179 --> 00:09:13,919 I just want facts. 113 00:09:15,979 --> 00:09:18,953 True facts. 114 00:09:21,369 --> 00:09:22,289 Without the fear. 115 00:09:23,869 --> 00:09:26,189 Without anything else. 116 00:09:28,119 --> 00:09:29,659 Facts. 117 00:09:32,339 --> 00:09:35,239 And we can make the best decision when we have facts. 118 00:09:36,189 --> 00:09:38,729 I'll yield. 119 00:09:41,932 --> 00:09:47,379 120 00:09:50,129 --> 00:09:54,392 I'm Dennis Gonsalves. 121 00:09:56,489 --> 00:09:57,799 Who actually very proudly developed the rainbow papaya. 122 00:09:59,439 --> 00:10:04,352 If you say you don't wanna use GMOs 123 00:10:14,507 --> 00:10:16,179 because you don't believe in manipulating plants 124 00:10:17,628 --> 00:10:22,549 the way that process does, I respect your beliefs. 125 00:10:23,449 --> 00:10:24,709 But, now, if you say, GMOs are not safe, 126 00:10:27,689 --> 00:10:29,419 I will say now show me the data. 127 00:10:31,862 --> 00:10:33,009 There's absolutely no proof to a health hazard. 128 00:10:35,159 --> 00:10:39,002 129 00:10:42,159 --> 00:10:44,969 Absolutely no proof. 130 00:10:46,549 --> 00:10:50,572 Talk is very cheap. 131 00:10:51,489 --> 00:10:53,549 But we did the research. 132 00:10:56,639 --> 00:11:00,099 And I stand by it. 133 00:11:03,569 --> 00:11:06,082 134 00:11:07,509 --> 00:11:09,609 Thank you. 135 00:11:11,009 --> 00:11:12,329 � 136 00:11:14,859 --> 00:11:16,292 I was a former biology major, 137 00:11:18,269 --> 00:11:21,499 so I have some expertise in this area. 138 00:11:24,509 --> 00:11:26,332 139 00:11:27,309 --> 00:11:32,309 There is no middle ground. 140 00:11:33,009 --> 00:11:36,259 You're either going to be GMO. 141 00:11:38,920 --> 00:11:42,566 Allowing a GMO. 142 00:11:47,566 --> 00:11:49,099 Or you're going to be organic and not allow GMO. 143 00:11:52,049 --> 00:11:54,759 They cannot coexist. 144 00:11:57,649 --> 00:12:00,152 Thank you very much, madam clerk, 145 00:12:01,099 --> 00:12:04,005 on the motion to approve Bill 113 draft three 146 00:12:06,669 --> 00:12:09,399 at second and final reading. 147 00:12:11,668 --> 00:12:15,269 Aye. 148 00:12:17,924 --> 00:12:21,799 No. 149 00:12:26,179 --> 00:12:29,319 Aye. 150 00:12:33,309 --> 00:12:37,729 Aye. 151 00:12:38,562 --> 00:12:40,459 Aye. 152 00:12:42,949 --> 00:12:46,619 No. 153 00:12:49,079 --> 00:12:50,876 Aye. 154 00:12:53,449 --> 00:12:55,642 Aye. 155 00:12:57,579 --> 00:12:58,519 You have six ayes. 156 00:13:01,229 --> 00:13:02,999 Thank you. 157 00:13:05,249 --> 00:13:08,663 158 00:13:09,830 --> 00:13:11,529 (applause) 159 00:13:13,439 --> 00:13:15,399 Bill 113 is adopted. 160 00:13:16,829 --> 00:13:18,349 161 00:13:21,119 --> 00:13:23,729 You know, I said you're not gonna get away with it 162 00:13:26,282 --> 00:13:27,919 if I can help it. 163 00:13:31,249 --> 00:13:33,009 And we stopped it. 164 00:13:36,939 --> 00:13:38,669 165 00:13:41,319 --> 00:13:44,769 Hawaii's ban on genetically modified organisms 166 00:13:47,839 --> 00:13:50,419 and the frightening evidence presented during testimony 167 00:13:53,639 --> 00:13:55,682 made headlines around the world. 168 00:13:57,039 --> 00:13:59,712 169 00:14:02,419 --> 00:14:03,689 It was also hailed as a rallying cry 170 00:14:06,669 --> 00:14:10,222 by the global leaders in the movement against GMOs. 171 00:14:11,799 --> 00:14:13,009 I think your island is truth 172 00:14:16,449 --> 00:14:18,319 speaking to the world. 173 00:14:21,607 --> 00:14:23,662 That GMOs are an extension of pesticides, 174 00:14:30,599 --> 00:14:35,399 not a substitute or alternative. 175 00:14:38,002 --> 00:14:42,149 176 00:14:45,389 --> 00:14:48,059 So, don't tell me Monsanto can't be beat. 177 00:14:48,892 --> 00:14:52,119 They've been beat over and over and over again. 178 00:14:54,349 --> 00:14:56,720 179 00:15:00,269 --> 00:15:03,422 And we can do it again. 180 00:15:04,449 --> 00:15:06,019 Organic isn't the ceiling. 181 00:15:07,119 --> 00:15:08,629 Organic's the floor. 182 00:15:09,919 --> 00:15:10,869 And, above that, we build this new house of food. 183 00:15:17,099 --> 00:15:19,293 You could get your kids sick. 184 00:15:22,182 --> 00:15:24,539 But what if, 185 00:15:25,889 --> 00:15:28,379 while trying to do the right thing, 186 00:15:30,329 --> 00:15:32,389 the council got it wrong? 187 00:15:33,739 --> 00:15:35,279 188 00:15:36,569 --> 00:15:38,909 It's very frustrating to see people 189 00:15:42,069 --> 00:15:44,439 who don't even know what this breeding method is 190 00:15:45,879 --> 00:15:48,322 making choices to avoid it based on information 191 00:15:50,419 --> 00:15:51,569 that's not supported by the scientific literature. 192 00:15:55,407 --> 00:15:57,879 A GMO is an organism that's had 193 00:16:00,639 --> 00:16:03,739 its genetic makeup altered by the insertion 194 00:16:05,989 --> 00:16:07,319 of DNA that's from outside of its normal genetic makeup. 195 00:16:09,089 --> 00:16:10,762 196 00:16:12,469 --> 00:16:14,602 So, what does that really mean? 197 00:16:16,849 --> 00:16:18,654 198 00:16:21,178 --> 00:16:23,649 At its most basic, genetic engineering, 199 00:16:24,499 --> 00:16:26,749 or, as some say, GE, is a modern form of breeding. 200 00:16:28,346 --> 00:16:30,379 Which farmers have done for thousands of years 201 00:16:32,759 --> 00:16:35,882 to select for the most desirable traits 202 00:16:44,319 --> 00:16:47,139 and provide food for a growing population. 203 00:16:49,849 --> 00:16:52,879 In fact, it's hard to call any of our food natural. 204 00:16:55,852 --> 00:16:56,809 Conventional, as well as organic crops, 205 00:16:59,029 --> 00:17:01,549 have all been genetically modified 206 00:17:03,409 --> 00:17:04,359 through selective breeding. 207 00:17:06,899 --> 00:17:09,422 208 00:17:17,909 --> 00:17:18,979 The goal of genetic engineering 209 00:17:20,689 --> 00:17:22,929 is to add useful traits into food. 210 00:17:26,629 --> 00:17:28,429 Traits that currently help 211 00:18:01,579 --> 00:18:03,859 with weed, insect, and disease control in staple crops 212 00:18:06,369 --> 00:18:09,109 that are in billions of meals consumed every day. 213 00:18:11,159 --> 00:18:14,139 In fact, genetic engineering has been 214 00:18:15,549 --> 00:18:18,079 part of our lives for longer than most are aware. 215 00:18:19,892 --> 00:18:24,159 Probably the most familiar is insulin. 216 00:18:26,119 --> 00:18:27,579 Genetically engineered insulin. 217 00:18:28,809 --> 00:18:31,279 It's been very important for 218 00:18:32,799 --> 00:18:34,759 a patient suffering from diabetes. 219 00:18:36,772 --> 00:18:39,579 220 00:18:41,689 --> 00:18:43,782 Biotechnology is kind of used in 221 00:19:21,659 --> 00:19:24,289 almost all cheese making now. 222 00:19:26,322 --> 00:19:34,322 So, if you eat cheese, 223 00:19:40,189 --> 00:19:43,429 you're eating a product of biotechnology. 224 00:19:45,839 --> 00:19:51,158 Scientists are also working 225 00:19:53,991 --> 00:19:54,899 to genetically engineer seeds that 226 00:19:58,522 --> 00:20:00,959 aid humanitarian causes. 227 00:20:02,999 --> 00:20:05,129 Such as vitamin enrichment in crops like golden rice. 228 00:20:07,329 --> 00:20:10,609 Golden rice is rice engineered to have 229 00:20:13,399 --> 00:20:14,729 high levels of beta carotene, 230 00:20:16,472 --> 00:20:19,239 which gets turned into vitamin A. 231 00:20:20,939 --> 00:20:23,109 And it's been proposed, many years ago, 232 00:20:25,579 --> 00:20:27,468 as a solution for vitamin A deficiency 233 00:20:30,419 --> 00:20:31,859 in the developing world. 234 00:20:35,092 --> 00:20:43,092 In addition to helping 235 00:20:55,379 --> 00:20:57,939 millions of children stave off 236 00:21:02,152 --> 00:21:03,039 potentially fatal vitamin deficiencies, 237 00:21:06,062 --> 00:21:06,919 scientists are also developing crops 238 00:21:08,212 --> 00:21:09,359 with a tolerance for drought. 239 00:21:12,949 --> 00:21:16,052 Such as rice, corn, and wheat. 240 00:21:17,049 --> 00:21:19,089 Which could prove essential in the face of climate change. 241 00:21:20,642 --> 00:21:22,869 242 00:21:25,699 --> 00:21:28,099 And disease resistance to save crops 243 00:21:28,989 --> 00:21:30,969 like the Hawaiian papaya from being completely wiped out. 244 00:21:34,459 --> 00:21:35,292 245 00:21:37,439 --> 00:21:39,879 In fact, the farmers who grow this rainbow papaya 246 00:21:42,880 --> 00:21:45,179 convinced the Hawaii council to amend their ban on GMOs. 247 00:21:47,766 --> 00:21:50,639 248 00:21:51,769 --> 00:21:54,169 Papaya industry farmers 249 00:21:55,562 --> 00:21:58,189 flooded the council chamber. 250 00:22:00,689 --> 00:22:04,409 To insinuate GMO is somehow unhealthy is just not true. 251 00:22:06,809 --> 00:22:10,969 252 00:22:12,209 --> 00:22:14,749 Those of us who live on the big island 253 00:22:16,409 --> 00:22:17,729 should be well aware that 254 00:22:20,629 --> 00:22:22,489 agricultural biotechnology has saved the papaya industry 255 00:22:25,629 --> 00:22:27,899 on this island. 256 00:22:31,389 --> 00:22:35,519 It's been reported that 257 00:22:39,689 --> 00:22:42,642 Councilwoman Willie plans to amend the bill further. 258 00:22:45,139 --> 00:22:47,992 And that approach is the way I've done it. 259 00:22:49,859 --> 00:22:53,052 Which is basically to grandfather in, 260 00:22:54,849 --> 00:22:56,519 261 00:22:59,909 --> 00:23:03,502 number one, the papaya as an industry. 262 00:23:04,819 --> 00:23:08,969 It's impractical to just say no at this point. 263 00:23:10,159 --> 00:23:13,279 264 00:23:15,779 --> 00:23:16,819 20 years ago, the big island papaya industry 265 00:23:18,099 --> 00:23:20,399 had been thriving. 266 00:23:21,586 --> 00:23:23,714 Growers were shipping 60 million pounds of papayas a year. 267 00:23:25,289 --> 00:23:26,274 268 00:23:28,287 --> 00:23:30,695 But then insects began spreading 269 00:23:32,859 --> 00:23:35,502 a devastating virus called ringspot 270 00:23:39,085 --> 00:23:41,919 to nearly every papaya tree on the island. 271 00:23:43,119 --> 00:23:45,579 In about three years, the trees were dead. 272 00:23:47,319 --> 00:23:49,639 The industry literally wiped out. 273 00:23:51,549 --> 00:23:53,449 274 00:23:55,129 --> 00:23:57,229 Nothing stopped the spread. 275 00:23:58,429 --> 00:24:01,669 Not physical barriers. 276 00:24:03,892 --> 00:24:06,009 Not pesticides. 277 00:24:09,029 --> 00:24:11,869 No methods, conventional nor organic, 278 00:24:13,899 --> 00:24:17,119 could halt the virus. 279 00:24:19,899 --> 00:24:21,579 280 00:24:24,579 --> 00:24:26,069 As a scientist, when nothing seems to be working, 281 00:24:28,709 --> 00:24:31,272 you have to think of alternative solutions. 282 00:24:33,249 --> 00:24:34,879 And I had this idea. 283 00:24:37,709 --> 00:24:40,329 284 00:24:42,579 --> 00:24:45,839 The idea of vaccinating a plant through genetic engineering. 285 00:24:47,409 --> 00:24:49,839 286 00:24:52,419 --> 00:24:55,849 What we did is we took the hypothesis. 287 00:24:57,592 --> 00:24:59,759 We isolated a gene from the pathogen. 288 00:25:01,869 --> 00:25:04,719 We cloned the gene using recombinant DNA technology. 289 00:25:06,062 --> 00:25:07,899 We used a gene gun to introduce our clone genes 290 00:25:10,379 --> 00:25:13,229 291 00:25:17,629 --> 00:25:19,919 into the cells of the papaya. 292 00:25:22,919 --> 00:25:24,219 And it doesn't work the first two or three times. 293 00:25:25,052 --> 00:25:26,239 So, you have to repeat these experiments. 294 00:25:30,099 --> 00:25:32,482 And it took us seven years of research. 295 00:25:34,049 --> 00:25:37,059 296 00:25:38,529 --> 00:25:40,979 We continue until we're satisfied that 297 00:25:43,999 --> 00:25:46,059 we have the correct sequence. 298 00:25:48,899 --> 00:25:51,049 Now, this is the scientific method. 299 00:25:52,469 --> 00:25:55,969 And you have to verify your results. 300 00:25:57,489 --> 00:25:58,889 Years later, our results were dramatic. 301 00:26:01,259 --> 00:26:05,479 The non-genetic engineered papaya's not growing. 302 00:26:07,679 --> 00:26:10,979 The genetically engineered papaya is growing. 303 00:26:12,572 --> 00:26:20,572 So, we concluded that this genetically engineered papaya 304 00:26:29,169 --> 00:26:30,889 that we had was resistant. 305 00:26:32,239 --> 00:26:35,869 We released seeds to the growers for free. 306 00:26:38,669 --> 00:26:40,129 Essentially, we saved the papaya industry. 307 00:26:44,042 --> 00:26:45,269 That's it. 308 00:26:46,579 --> 00:26:48,539 309 00:26:49,679 --> 00:26:50,539 Today, the industry is thriving. 310 00:26:53,259 --> 00:26:57,709 Exporting rainbow papaya to countries all over the world. 311 00:26:59,182 --> 00:27:00,909 But, as more and more people enjoy 312 00:27:01,869 --> 00:27:04,139 this genetically engineered fruit, 313 00:27:07,749 --> 00:27:11,879 a vocal movement began to rise up 314 00:27:14,389 --> 00:27:17,309 against the very process that saved it. 315 00:27:18,589 --> 00:27:23,329 316 00:27:27,529 --> 00:27:30,199 Here they come. 317 00:27:33,139 --> 00:27:34,389 Genetically engineered tomatoes. 318 00:27:37,049 --> 00:27:39,229 We're creating a whole new species. 319 00:27:40,242 --> 00:27:41,149 One that's never existed on Earth before. 320 00:27:43,024 --> 00:27:45,849 So, some would say you've created a monster. 321 00:27:48,229 --> 00:27:49,079 A frankenfood. 322 00:27:52,069 --> 00:27:54,039 323 00:27:55,289 --> 00:27:56,929 These foods can create new allergens. 324 00:27:58,429 --> 00:28:00,509 They can make a nontoxic food toxic. 325 00:28:01,449 --> 00:28:05,219 They can lower immune response. 326 00:28:07,982 --> 00:28:09,859 They do lower nutrition. 327 00:28:11,099 --> 00:28:13,599 The gap between the public and science 328 00:28:16,289 --> 00:28:18,049 on the safety of GMOs is the largest gap 329 00:28:20,649 --> 00:28:21,829 of any politicized scientific topic. 330 00:28:24,032 --> 00:28:27,199 331 00:28:28,589 --> 00:28:31,179 I have always been careful not to say 332 00:28:33,729 --> 00:28:35,424 this is dangerous food. 333 00:28:37,472 --> 00:28:41,442 And I don't believe the fear mongering has helped. 334 00:28:43,399 --> 00:28:45,679 After 30 years of testing 335 00:28:48,459 --> 00:28:49,842 every GMO product currently on the market 336 00:28:59,049 --> 00:29:00,319 and based on the results of nearly 2,000 experiments, 337 00:29:02,369 --> 00:29:03,419 the foremost scientific institutions in the United States 338 00:29:05,249 --> 00:29:06,939 and around the world have concluded 339 00:29:08,819 --> 00:29:10,309 all criticisms against GMOs can be largely rejected 340 00:29:11,142 --> 00:29:12,529 on strictly scientific criteria. 341 00:29:13,479 --> 00:29:15,149 342 00:29:17,452 --> 00:29:25,452 No adverse health effects attributed to genetic engineering 343 00:29:33,489 --> 00:29:36,239 have been documented in the human population. 344 00:29:39,689 --> 00:29:40,921 I looked closely at health. 345 00:29:43,862 --> 00:29:46,129 And then I went into environmental effects. 346 00:29:46,962 --> 00:29:49,369 And I've just kind of ran out of things to worry about. 347 00:29:50,769 --> 00:29:52,769 348 00:29:55,329 --> 00:29:57,009 While each new product 349 00:29:59,329 --> 00:30:01,219 should continue to be assessed on a case by case basis, 350 00:30:02,969 --> 00:30:05,612 scientific consensus tells us 351 00:30:08,769 --> 00:30:10,479 the current GMOs on the market are safe to eat 352 00:30:12,129 --> 00:30:13,549 and safe for the environment. 353 00:30:15,179 --> 00:30:17,030 354 00:30:19,649 --> 00:30:21,899 There's absolutely no proof to a health hazard. 355 00:30:24,059 --> 00:30:26,439 We did the research and I stand by it. 356 00:30:28,059 --> 00:30:30,569 357 00:30:33,456 --> 00:30:35,449 We gotta congratulate Margaret Willie. 358 00:30:38,299 --> 00:30:40,089 We were absolutely outmaneuvered. 359 00:30:43,859 --> 00:30:45,609 Snookered. 360 00:30:48,349 --> 00:30:51,939 Because all the time was given to Jeffrey Smith 361 00:30:53,259 --> 00:30:54,979 and he ranted and raved. 362 00:30:56,189 --> 00:30:57,969 Eating papaya that's genetically engineered 363 00:30:59,549 --> 00:31:01,022 might cause you to get more colds, 364 00:31:06,259 --> 00:31:07,799 more susceptibility to hepatitis or HIV. 365 00:31:09,719 --> 00:31:12,889 366 00:31:14,999 --> 00:31:18,012 Do you consider yourself a scientist? 367 00:31:21,219 --> 00:31:22,849 I'm not a scientist. 368 00:31:26,919 --> 00:31:29,472 369 00:31:34,569 --> 00:31:37,219 Are you a doctor? 370 00:31:40,219 --> 00:31:43,162 I'm not a doctor. 371 00:31:44,159 --> 00:31:45,569 372 00:31:47,829 --> 00:31:50,229 People refer to me as doctor all the time 373 00:31:51,621 --> 00:31:55,449 because they get it wrong. 374 00:31:57,369 --> 00:32:00,699 I don't call myself a doctor. 375 00:32:03,917 --> 00:32:06,829 I don't call myself a scientist. 376 00:32:09,379 --> 00:32:13,709 And I use my non-scientist to an advantage. 377 00:32:15,809 --> 00:32:18,586 Because I get to ask a lot of dumb questions 378 00:32:20,379 --> 00:32:22,979 and hear more and more people's assumptions. 379 00:32:25,219 --> 00:32:26,509 And then I can record them. 380 00:32:28,069 --> 00:32:29,429 381 00:32:31,599 --> 00:32:33,589 The general nature of these people. 382 00:32:37,039 --> 00:32:40,609 They probably all vote Democrat like me. 383 00:32:42,801 --> 00:32:45,979 They're kind of left leaning like me. 384 00:32:49,779 --> 00:32:52,279 They probably think global warming's a problem 385 00:32:53,659 --> 00:32:56,189 we should take care of like me. 386 00:32:58,489 --> 00:33:02,152 They probably agree with me on most things. 387 00:33:08,069 --> 00:33:10,847 388 00:33:11,989 --> 00:33:14,219 And that is another reason 389 00:33:15,949 --> 00:33:18,189 why this battle over GMOs is so complicated and confusing. 390 00:33:20,219 --> 00:33:22,969 Both sides seem to be fighting 391 00:33:25,419 --> 00:33:27,099 for the same worthwhile goals. 392 00:33:29,259 --> 00:33:32,389 Safe, abundant, nutritious food for all. 393 00:33:35,529 --> 00:33:37,229 Three generations against GMO. 394 00:33:39,649 --> 00:33:41,366 Excellent. 395 00:33:43,129 --> 00:33:46,499 Fewer toxic chemicals used 396 00:33:48,479 --> 00:33:49,809 on farms around the world. 397 00:33:51,209 --> 00:33:52,329 398 00:33:53,709 --> 00:33:56,929 And a more sustainable food system. 399 00:33:58,099 --> 00:34:00,169 400 00:34:02,822 --> 00:34:10,822 These are the victors. 401 00:34:50,949 --> 00:34:54,129 In 100 years, when they look back and say, 402 00:34:55,639 --> 00:34:57,679 "How did we save the planet?" 403 00:34:58,789 --> 00:35:03,789 There you go. 404 00:35:04,709 --> 00:35:08,669 (applause) 405 00:35:12,359 --> 00:35:16,162 406 00:35:21,909 --> 00:35:23,839 But there are real world consequences 407 00:35:27,902 --> 00:35:31,289 to acting against scientific consensus 408 00:35:35,239 --> 00:35:39,549 that can be felt far beyond the shores of Hawaii. 409 00:35:43,609 --> 00:35:46,339 410 00:35:51,134 --> 00:35:53,222 The fears and decisions about GMOs in Hawaii 411 00:35:54,979 --> 00:35:55,812 reach all the way to Uganda in East Africa. 412 00:35:57,319 --> 00:35:58,152 Where bananas, similar to the Hawaiian papaya, 413 00:36:00,049 --> 00:36:02,603 are threatened to be wiped out by a terrible disease. 414 00:36:04,283 --> 00:36:07,593 415 00:36:09,833 --> 00:36:11,533 Most bananas in this region are now faced 416 00:36:13,003 --> 00:36:15,783 with the worst bacterial disease so far. 417 00:36:18,173 --> 00:36:19,863 Known as bananas xanthomonas wilt. 418 00:36:21,473 --> 00:36:23,763 The disease has had 419 00:36:25,503 --> 00:36:27,973 a devastating impact on banana cultivation. 420 00:36:29,663 --> 00:36:31,413 Forcing some farmers to abandon their crop. 421 00:36:33,063 --> 00:36:35,283 422 00:36:36,973 --> 00:36:38,533 Currently, nearly half 423 00:36:40,663 --> 00:36:43,733 of all banana plants in Uganda 424 00:36:45,093 --> 00:36:46,483 have been wiped out by banana wilt. 425 00:36:48,373 --> 00:36:49,873 Threatening the food security of 14 million Ugandans. 426 00:36:50,913 --> 00:36:52,033 More than a third of the population. 427 00:36:53,243 --> 00:36:54,076 428 00:36:56,156 --> 00:36:58,123 My name is Emma Naluyima Mugerwa. 429 00:37:01,091 --> 00:37:05,543 I practice integrated organic farming. 430 00:37:07,763 --> 00:37:09,103 I also teach farmers how to do the same. 431 00:37:12,483 --> 00:37:14,983 Right now, banana wilt is not affecting me. 432 00:37:32,903 --> 00:37:35,633 But it has affected many people. 433 00:37:36,933 --> 00:37:38,003 Banana bacterial wilt can spread 434 00:37:39,326 --> 00:37:40,433 from one farm to another at any time. 435 00:37:42,443 --> 00:37:44,603 That's why I teach these farmers. 436 00:37:47,833 --> 00:37:51,573 437 00:37:54,245 --> 00:37:56,803 My idea you have to get against it. 438 00:38:00,396 --> 00:38:02,393 Don't let people come into your garden. 439 00:38:04,926 --> 00:38:11,013 Don't share tools. 440 00:38:13,203 --> 00:38:18,203 Like, you see, that is a tool rack. 441 00:38:19,023 --> 00:38:20,173 All the tools that we use in this garden, 442 00:38:21,526 --> 00:38:29,526 we never use them anywhere else. 443 00:38:35,853 --> 00:38:39,533 If you must, you disinfect. 444 00:38:43,146 --> 00:38:45,433 445 00:38:47,625 --> 00:38:49,433 All these are preventative measures. 446 00:38:51,713 --> 00:38:55,580 They're not really curative measures. 447 00:38:58,493 --> 00:39:00,513 448 00:39:03,103 --> 00:39:05,613 She could not get food for herself or for her family. 449 00:39:07,213 --> 00:39:11,083 So, she's devastated. 450 00:39:12,993 --> 00:39:16,163 451 00:39:20,423 --> 00:39:22,813 Once someone has seen you have to just 452 00:39:25,393 --> 00:39:26,383 cut down banana and wait for maybe six months to a year 453 00:39:27,596 --> 00:39:35,596 for it to get out of the garden. 454 00:39:45,703 --> 00:39:47,853 455 00:39:50,503 --> 00:39:52,603 I call it the Ebola of the banana. 456 00:39:55,476 --> 00:39:57,163 457 00:39:58,083 --> 00:40:01,073 It comes and wipes away the whole plantation. 458 00:40:02,943 --> 00:40:04,433 459 00:40:05,863 --> 00:40:06,923 To fight the devastation of banana wilt, 460 00:40:08,473 --> 00:40:10,973 scientists in Uganda and Kenya 461 00:40:11,993 --> 00:40:14,653 are working on a genetically engineered fix 462 00:40:16,961 --> 00:40:17,794 similar to what was done in Hawaii with papaya. 463 00:40:19,323 --> 00:40:20,686 Except their work is done behind a locked gate 464 00:40:25,686 --> 00:40:26,573 and is currently prohibited 465 00:40:27,533 --> 00:40:28,733 from being released to the public. 466 00:40:30,113 --> 00:40:32,833 467 00:40:34,293 --> 00:40:35,833 Hi, I'm Leena Tripathi. 468 00:40:37,653 --> 00:40:40,183 I'm leading the transgenic research in IITA. 469 00:40:42,773 --> 00:40:44,323 And my focus is on disease and pest resistance. 470 00:40:45,733 --> 00:40:46,986 So, we find out that there are 471 00:40:48,306 --> 00:40:49,673 some resistant genes in sweet pepper. 472 00:40:52,350 --> 00:40:55,803 These are the genes we are using 473 00:40:58,283 --> 00:41:01,273 to transfer resistance from sweet pepper to banana. 474 00:41:04,363 --> 00:41:05,196 475 00:41:07,753 --> 00:41:08,733 This message is brought to you by Action Aid Uganda. 476 00:41:10,783 --> 00:41:13,643 Did you know that genetically modified organisms 477 00:41:18,583 --> 00:41:20,023 pose health risks such as cancer, infertility, et cetera? 478 00:41:22,533 --> 00:41:24,023 479 00:41:25,973 --> 00:41:27,743 I read about risks getting cancer due to GMOs. 480 00:41:28,942 --> 00:41:31,193 481 00:41:33,893 --> 00:41:35,913 Definitely did scare me. 482 00:41:37,983 --> 00:41:39,233 483 00:41:42,346 --> 00:41:50,346 Even in Africa, fear of GMOs is being fueled 484 00:42:05,173 --> 00:42:06,963 by a discredited study on tumor-prone rats. 485 00:42:08,913 --> 00:42:10,766 486 00:42:11,893 --> 00:42:14,383 Here's a picture of some of these rats. 487 00:42:19,383 --> 00:42:19,453 So, Jeffrey, how can it be 488 00:42:21,080 --> 00:42:23,023 this information is being ignored? 489 00:42:26,113 --> 00:42:28,713 They've got bad science down to a science. 490 00:42:30,433 --> 00:42:32,813 How many people have seen pictures of the rats? 491 00:42:35,263 --> 00:42:37,363 It's not enough. 492 00:42:38,823 --> 00:42:40,143 You've got to see these tumors. 493 00:42:44,186 --> 00:42:45,023 A study by Gilles-Eric Seralini showing rats fed GMOs. 494 00:42:49,740 --> 00:42:51,412 Enormous effects on people. 495 00:42:54,258 --> 00:42:56,693 This one image was really responsible 496 00:42:57,643 --> 00:43:01,193 for the GM import ban here in Kenya. 497 00:43:05,893 --> 00:43:09,289 Make reference to the Seralini report. 498 00:43:12,433 --> 00:43:17,173 The Seralini, the infamous Seralini study. 499 00:43:18,543 --> 00:43:21,963 So, this is study where a scientist. 500 00:43:24,008 --> 00:43:29,008 So, I have rats that have cancer. 501 00:43:29,043 --> 00:43:31,223 Yeah, he had a press conference. 502 00:43:32,433 --> 00:43:34,113 But he demanded that no scientist be there 503 00:43:36,353 --> 00:43:37,886 to question his results. 504 00:43:39,533 --> 00:43:41,793 If you look closely at the study, 505 00:43:44,793 --> 00:43:45,776 Seralini used a strain of rat that 506 00:44:15,594 --> 00:44:17,763 are prone to develop tumors no matter what they eat. 507 00:44:20,313 --> 00:44:23,803 The conclusions that were drawn 508 00:44:25,973 --> 00:44:27,816 could not be warranted by the data that was obtained. 509 00:44:29,793 --> 00:44:32,413 From everything I've read, 510 00:44:35,193 --> 00:44:36,200 there are serious issues with the Seralini study. 511 00:44:37,933 --> 00:44:39,013 I've talked to people I respect 512 00:44:39,983 --> 00:44:41,890 who look at the science and say, 513 00:44:43,143 --> 00:44:44,183 statistically, this actually doesn't hold up. 514 00:44:45,993 --> 00:44:47,613 And the paper was retracted. 515 00:44:49,513 --> 00:44:52,457 Every scientist around the world who looked at it 516 00:44:53,378 --> 00:44:54,211 said that the data was inadequate. 517 00:44:55,219 --> 00:44:57,719 Even though Seralini's paper was retracted, 518 00:45:02,890 --> 00:45:03,812 the effect of publishing that original paper 519 00:45:05,419 --> 00:45:06,340 still lingers and lingers and lingers. 520 00:45:07,963 --> 00:45:09,696 And it's gonna take a long time to go away. 521 00:45:10,703 --> 00:45:14,113 522 00:45:16,853 --> 00:45:19,673 From oil companies denying climate change, 523 00:45:21,653 --> 00:45:22,986 524 00:45:26,373 --> 00:45:28,113 tobacco scientists saying cigarettes are safe, 525 00:45:30,203 --> 00:45:32,863 526 00:45:35,566 --> 00:45:36,423 to the pharmaceutical industry 527 00:45:39,673 --> 00:45:41,453 sometimes overcharging us for drugs we don't need, 528 00:45:43,683 --> 00:45:46,883 corporate greed and bias have broken the public's trust. 529 00:45:48,313 --> 00:45:49,713 530 00:45:50,566 --> 00:45:51,826 People won't take what scientists say on trust. 531 00:45:53,613 --> 00:45:54,643 What governments say on trust. 532 00:45:55,895 --> 00:45:58,493 We all think that there's some kind of corporate influence. 533 00:45:59,743 --> 00:46:02,013 That the Monsantos are the ones 534 00:46:03,993 --> 00:46:05,863 who are really running the show. 535 00:46:07,993 --> 00:46:08,826 And there's good reasons why 536 00:46:09,773 --> 00:46:12,803 people don't trust corporations to run things. 537 00:46:14,976 --> 00:46:15,883 538 00:46:17,293 --> 00:46:20,273 ♪ Monsanto is the devil ♪ 539 00:46:23,504 --> 00:46:25,754 ♪ And pretends he's a scientist ♪ 540 00:46:32,013 --> 00:46:35,753 Monsanto's the devil. 541 00:46:39,886 --> 00:46:41,117 ♪ And past we need for this predator ♪ 542 00:46:44,523 --> 00:46:46,823 ♪ Evolution with a kiss ♪ 543 00:46:48,286 --> 00:46:51,213 ♪ Monsanto is the devil ♪ 544 00:46:52,046 --> 00:46:54,303 ♪ And the devil must be slain ♪ 545 00:46:55,633 --> 00:46:58,543 ♪ Devil Monsanto listen up ♪ 546 00:47:02,403 --> 00:47:05,103 547 00:47:08,143 --> 00:47:10,113 Monsanto is one of 548 00:47:13,213 --> 00:47:15,303 the most hated companies in the world. 549 00:47:18,683 --> 00:47:21,668 How did that happen? 550 00:47:26,593 --> 00:47:28,876 In their early history as a chemical company, 551 00:47:31,313 --> 00:47:34,243 they manufactured several products that 552 00:47:35,493 --> 00:47:37,873 turned out to have unintended health 553 00:47:38,823 --> 00:47:39,833 and environmental consequences. 554 00:47:42,663 --> 00:47:44,480 To combat malaria-transmitting mosquitoes 555 00:47:47,453 --> 00:47:50,483 during World War II, 556 00:47:52,313 --> 00:47:53,813 Monsanto and other companies manufactured DDT, 557 00:47:56,653 --> 00:47:57,833 which helped save millions of lives. 558 00:47:58,666 --> 00:48:02,853 559 00:48:05,033 --> 00:48:08,643 But, as environmental author Rachel Carson pointed out 560 00:48:10,446 --> 00:48:11,553 in her landmark book Silent Spring, 561 00:48:15,163 --> 00:48:17,133 there were hidden dangers with the toxicity 562 00:48:19,036 --> 00:48:20,256 and overuse of DDT and other chemicals. 563 00:48:22,233 --> 00:48:24,903 Monsanto was also one of nine companies 564 00:48:27,076 --> 00:48:29,113 commissioned by the US military 565 00:48:31,999 --> 00:48:36,999 to make Agent Orange to help clear away the jungle 566 00:48:40,643 --> 00:48:44,203 during the Vietnam War. 567 00:48:47,823 --> 00:48:50,447 But it contaminated soil and water 568 00:48:52,853 --> 00:48:55,523 and was linked to a variety of birth defects. 569 00:48:58,486 --> 00:48:59,573 570 00:49:03,153 --> 00:49:05,656 With the public rightly questioning 571 00:49:06,963 --> 00:49:09,713 the overuse of toxic chemicals in farming,