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(light music)
(gulls cawing)

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The Greek Islands in the very south of Europe.

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Raised from the Mediterranean

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by volcanoes, water and wind.

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(thunder rumbling)
(water splashing)

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Millions of years of evolution have given

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the island's animals and plants found nowhere else on earth.

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(bird caws)
(light music)

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Every island is its own world,

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both above and below the surface.

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(light dramatic music)

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(gulls cawing)

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Carpets of sea grass cover the sea bed of the Peloponnese.

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There's a creature here that could come

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from another universe.

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Eight arms, two tentacles, an undulating skirt,

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and giant far-seeing eyes.

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Sepia officinalis, the cuttlefish.

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(ominous music)

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Special cells in his skin change color

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and pattern in a split second.

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He can match his background perfectly.

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(ominous music continues)

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Those eyes are extremely sharp.

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His sensitive arms have a multitude of uses,

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mimicking the sea grass, communicating,

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acting as bait to attract prey.

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When a victim is spotted, he raises two arms,

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making space for the pair of tentacles

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that shoot out of his maw.

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(ominous music continues)

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The same technique won't work with a crab.

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It could simply slice off his arms.

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So, the cuttlefish sneaks up from behind

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and envelops his prey.

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(ominous music continues)

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Keeping well clear of the claws.

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(ominous music continues)

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He cracks the carapace and stuns the crab

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with his toxic saliva.

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After eating it, he leaves the chitin body shell behind.

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The west coast of the Peloponnese is home to an animal

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with very similar characteristics.

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(light music)

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It's found in this bay.

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The African chameleon was most likely brought here

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by ancient Greek traders.

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A small population has survived to this day.

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(bugs trilling)
(light music)

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The color of its skin shows if it's scared,

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happy, angry, or stressed.

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Relaxed and perfectly camouflaged,

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it slips between the twigs.

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A bush cricket has made a kill.

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This mini predator mainly targets other cricket species.

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(crickets chirping)
(light music continues)

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The chameleon has extremely sharp eyesight.

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It can spot prey far away.

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His independently swiveling eyes

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give him nearly 360 degree vision.

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(bugs trilling)

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He's catapulting tongue isn't sticky.

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(light dramatic music)

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It creates a tiny vacuum cup on impact.

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(bugs chirping)

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His small sharp teeth crush the prey,

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but won't dismember it.

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The catch is always swallowed whole.

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(bugs chirping)
(light dramatic music)

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(light music)

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300 kilometers to the south, griffon vultures

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circle above Crete's craggy coastline.

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This is where the African Continental Plate

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slides under the Aegean Plate,

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creating Europe's most southerly high mountain range.

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(light dramatic music)

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From the coastline, the peaks and gorges

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of the Lefka Ori Mountains rise into the interior.

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(light dramatic music continues)

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The Samaria Gorge is the deepest point.

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This is the home of the kri-kris.

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The brown and white stripe is typical

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of these Cretan wild goats.

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Powerful status symbols mark out the dominant males,

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the great curved horns

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and the long dark beards.

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(dramatic rhythmic music)

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In fact, they're descended from domesticated goats

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brought here 8,000 years ago.

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In the wilderness, the kri-kris evolved back

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into their original form, perfectly adapted

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to their harsh surroundings.

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(dramatic rhythmic music)

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(water splashing)

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The nanny goats and their kids live way upstream,

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hidden in the valley far from the bucks.

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(kri-kris bleating)

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Their only contact is in the mating season.

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The brook running through the gorge

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gives them a constant water supply

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enough for their quiet lives.

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(light music)

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The kids can run over the rocks within minutes of birth.

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(light music continues)

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(kri-kris bleating)

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The nannies reach down for the juicy herbs

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between the rocks.

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The kids will soon learn to do it for themselves.

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(light music continues)

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In spring, the swollen stream is flanked by oleander bushes.

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(water splashing)

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This magnificent display is protected by the toxins

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in its flowers and leaves.

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Only the oleander hawk-moth caterpillar is impervious.

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There are two kinds in Crete.

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One is bright green,

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and the other, bright orange.

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The caterpillars store the poison in their tissues,

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making them unappetizing prey.

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(bugs trilling)
(light music)

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Their weight increases a thousand fold in just three weeks,

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leaving them plump and well-fed.

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In a cool cave close by lives a giant Balkan green lizard.

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Up to 50 centimeters long, this nimble hunter

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has a taste for caterpillars.

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But the caterpillar has a surprise in store.

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Dipping its head forward,

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it displays it's two warning eye spots.

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(light dramatic music)
(bugs trilling)

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The effect is immediate.

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The lizard beats a hasty retreat.

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But it's still hungry,

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and a caterpillar caught unaware has no defense.

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(light dramatic music)

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But it may do nothing for the lizard's digestion.

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(bugs trilling)

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The difference in temperature between the valley

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and the peaks in the Samaria Gorge

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makes for powerful thermals.

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(light music)

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Ideal for griffin vultures on the lookout for carrion.

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(birds chirping)

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Scanning the ground for food and the sky for other vultures.

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When one finds a carcass,

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within minutes dozens gather overhead.

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(light music)

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A raven got there first.

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A sign for the vultures that it's safe to land.

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In the air, they're masterly gliders, not so on the ground.

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Once they've landed they'll need a good run-up

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to get airborne again.

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(light dramatic music)
(bugs trilling)

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A dominant male comes forward to check out the surroundings.

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(light dramatic music)
(birds squawking)

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Meanwhile, more and more vultures gather.

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(birds squawking)
(light dramatic music)

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For the raven, it's time to go.

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There's plenty to eat, but still, fights break out.

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(bugs trilling)
(birds squawking)

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(light dramatic music)

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It's all about hierarchy.

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(birds squawking)
(light dramatic music)

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Griffin vultures are perfectly built to take advantage

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of every opportunity.

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Their digestive juices destroy the bacteria in decaying meat

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that would poison other species.

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(birds squawking)
(flies buzzing)

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They spread their wings, seeped in the cadavers juices,

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to dry them.

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(light dramatic music continues)

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And the stench attracts flies.

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(flies buzzing)
(light dramatic music)

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They get a quick brush off from the vultures.

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To the flies, the carcass is not just food,

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but a nursery for their maggots.

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(flies buzzing)

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When the newborn fly away,

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they leave nothing but bare bones and fur.

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(light music)

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It certainly looks like carrion.

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Smells like it, too.

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But it isn't.

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The common Dracunculus, or dragon arum,

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mimics both the look and the smell of a decaying corpse.

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(light dramatic music)
(bugs trilling)

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Hungry flies wander over its surface looking for food,

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sometimes landing in the middle

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where they're coated with pollen.

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Once the flies realize they've been tricked,

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they fly away with the pollen still on onboard.

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(flies buzzing)

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(crickets chirping)
(light music)

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Bright yellow genista turns the bare planes

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into a sea of flowers.

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Spring on the Greek Islands.

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Bees pollinate rocket.

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And move on to the violet poppy anemones.

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(light dramatic music)

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The sirocco blows in from the south,

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carrying warmth across the Mediterranean from Africa.

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On the way, it encounters the island of Milos.

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(light music continues)

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(birds chirping)

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And it brings with it the first migrating birds.

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They've flown over a thousand kilometers

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without eating or drinking.

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(birds chirping)
(light music continues)

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A flock of western yellow wagtails is mounding.

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(birds chirping)
(light music)

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A Sardinian warbler takes its first sustenance.

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The common redstart is more concerned with the state

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of its plumage.

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(light dramatic music)

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Milos is not the most hospitable place.

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It's an active volcano.

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(light dramatic music continues)

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Toxic gases emerging from lava craters

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leaves them fringed with sulfur crystals.

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(light dramatic music continues)

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This whole island was created by massive volcanic eruptions

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more than a million years ago.

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(light dramatic music continues)

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Inland, there's a tiny stream close to drying out.

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There may be no more rain till autumn.

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(birds chirping)
(light dramatic music)

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(water splashing)
(bugs trilling)

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The migrating birds desperately need these last pools

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of fresh water.

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(birds chirping)

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(water splashing)

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But a dip can also be a relaxing game.

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(water splashing)
(bugs trilling)

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Unless you're being watched.

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(dramatic music)
(bird chirps)

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The Milos viper has learned to hunt these migrating birds.

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Spring is the only time of year

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it can catch them at these shrinking pools.

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(light dramatic music)
(bugs trilling)

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(birds chirping)

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Good hunting grounds are few and far between.

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A red Milos viper is approaching.

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(bugs trilling)

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Both colors are found only on this and neighboring islands.

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(birds chirping)

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The gray viper withdraws with its prey.

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(bird squawks)
(bugs trilling)

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Back at the pool, the alarm is sounded.

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The danger is critical.

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(bird squawks)

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A wood warbler gets the message and leaves

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as soon as it arrives.

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A Sardinian warbler also takes note the threat.

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(bird squawks)
(ominous music)

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The red viper takes up its position.

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(water splashing)
(ominous music)

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But not every bird understands

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the alarm call of another species.

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(bugs trilling)
(ominous music continues)

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As its partner looks on from a rock,

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(dramatic music)

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the female collared flycatcher is caught.

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(water splashing)
(light dramatic music)

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(flies buzzing)

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Milos is an island of the elements

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raised in fire, destroyed by water.

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The fragile coastline gradually worn away

267
00:20:16,390 --> 00:20:18,469
by the battering of the waves.

268
00:20:18,469 --> 00:20:21,802
(light dramatic music)

269
00:20:24,340 --> 00:20:27,013
Long ago, a coastal cave collapsed,

270
00:20:28,070 --> 00:20:31,838
throwing light on a dark world.

271
00:20:31,838 --> 00:20:34,588
(ominous music)

272
00:20:37,800 --> 00:20:39,950
A place where rocks have slowed the current

273
00:20:39,950 --> 00:20:44,753
and allowed sand to collect has become a trap for small fry.

274
00:20:46,144 --> 00:20:48,840
(dramatic music)

275
00:20:48,840 --> 00:20:51,783
A stargazer is hunting here.

276
00:21:01,610 --> 00:21:04,953
He hunts all day, half sunk in the sand.

277
00:21:08,748 --> 00:21:11,580
(dramatic music)

278
00:21:11,580 --> 00:21:15,170
He's fast, even slowed down.

279
00:21:15,170 --> 00:21:18,394
So fast the other fish notice nothing.

280
00:21:18,394 --> 00:21:21,894
(ominous music continues)

281
00:21:23,730 --> 00:21:26,573
Fields of Neptune grass grow in the shallows.

282
00:21:32,520 --> 00:21:35,590
Many are genetically identical clones,

283
00:21:35,590 --> 00:21:39,513
huge single organisms up to eight kilometers across.

284
00:21:42,530 --> 00:21:47,420
The biggest started 80,000 years ago as a pea-sized seed,

285
00:21:47,420 --> 00:21:49,150
that makes them some of the oldest

286
00:21:49,150 --> 00:21:51,651
living organisms on earth.

287
00:21:51,651 --> 00:21:54,234
(light music)

288
00:22:02,620 --> 00:22:06,093
Another predator looks at the edge of the sea grass.

289
00:22:08,560 --> 00:22:09,793
The octopus.

290
00:22:13,490 --> 00:22:15,900
The appearance of the intelligent cephalopod

291
00:22:15,900 --> 00:22:17,843
spreads fear and terror.

292
00:22:21,500 --> 00:22:24,863
It seeks out small fish and crabs on the seabed.

293
00:22:28,420 --> 00:22:32,530
For once, the rainbow wrass can outwit

294
00:22:32,530 --> 00:22:34,000
the eight-limbed predator

295
00:22:37,530 --> 00:22:40,066
by disappearing into the sand.

296
00:22:40,066 --> 00:22:44,149
(light dramatic music continues)

297
00:22:51,314 --> 00:22:53,460
(bugs trilling)

298
00:22:53,460 --> 00:22:58,460
Back on land, a male chameleon is a loner

299
00:22:59,660 --> 00:23:01,923
in a clearly defined territory.

300
00:23:06,600 --> 00:23:11,023
If another male enters his domain, conflict is inevitable.

301
00:23:15,890 --> 00:23:18,020
The adversaries flatten their bodies

302
00:23:18,020 --> 00:23:20,650
to make themselves look larger.

303
00:23:20,650 --> 00:23:22,223
They turn dark and threatening.

304
00:23:31,034 --> 00:23:35,143
If that doesn't work, they try the gaping jaw.

305
00:23:35,143 --> 00:23:39,090
(light dramatic music continues)

306
00:23:39,090 --> 00:23:42,370
If neither gives way and the conflict escalates,

307
00:23:42,370 --> 00:23:45,953
they rear into the threat position, forelegs in the air.

308
00:23:48,723 --> 00:23:52,370
(light dramatic music continues)

309
00:23:52,370 --> 00:23:53,333
The fight is short.

310
00:24:00,520 --> 00:24:02,697
The loser quits the field.

311
00:24:02,697 --> 00:24:06,780
(light dramatic music continues)

312
00:24:12,670 --> 00:24:16,273
Giving the victor time to prepare for the mating season.

313
00:24:19,996 --> 00:24:22,060
(light music)
(water bubbling)

314
00:24:22,060 --> 00:24:24,933
Down below, pairing off has already begun.

315
00:24:27,590 --> 00:24:31,053
Three well camouflaged cuttlefish lie on the ocean floor.

316
00:24:31,987 --> 00:24:35,956
(light music continues)

317
00:24:35,956 --> 00:24:40,956
The two males want to mate with a female lying beneath them.

318
00:24:42,450 --> 00:24:43,483
It can get violent.

319
00:24:44,845 --> 00:24:48,178
(light dramatic music)

320
00:24:50,420 --> 00:24:52,140
In the mating season especially,

321
00:24:52,140 --> 00:24:54,843
cuttlefish sport their zebra stripes.

322
00:24:56,860 --> 00:24:59,633
A male claiming a female won't budge,

323
00:25:00,500 --> 00:25:02,723
but the rival won't give up either.

324
00:25:03,933 --> 00:25:08,640
(light dramatic music continues)

325
00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:10,873
Finally, the rival sees red.

326
00:25:12,560 --> 00:25:13,685
Or black.

327
00:25:13,685 --> 00:25:16,670
(light dramatic music continues)

328
00:25:16,670 --> 00:25:17,793
Both eject ink.

329
00:25:24,130 --> 00:25:28,525
Until the loser flees with a parting shot.

330
00:25:28,525 --> 00:25:32,608
(light dramatic music continues)

331
00:25:40,435 --> 00:25:42,883
Now the mating dance commences.

332
00:25:42,883 --> 00:25:45,466
(light music)

333
00:25:52,335 --> 00:25:55,206
At first, the female shrugs him off.

334
00:25:55,206 --> 00:25:58,539
(light music continues)

335
00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:05,827
Matching outfits have no effect.

336
00:26:14,430 --> 00:26:18,950
Finally, at the edge of the sea grass, 16 arms entwine.

337
00:26:29,510 --> 00:26:33,030
Hidden from sight, the male passes his sperm packet

338
00:26:33,030 --> 00:26:34,312
to the female.

339
00:26:34,312 --> 00:26:37,645
(light music continues)

340
00:26:48,191 --> 00:26:51,760
(bugs trilling)
(birds chirping)

341
00:26:51,760 --> 00:26:54,673
This may seem to be a tender embrace of the female.

342
00:27:03,290 --> 00:27:06,483
In fact, the male is grasping her as tight as he can.

343
00:27:07,790 --> 00:27:11,123
(light music continues)

344
00:27:16,420 --> 00:27:18,943
For an act that may be over in a few seconds.

345
00:27:34,750 --> 00:27:36,513
The male tries to hold on.

346
00:27:37,556 --> 00:27:40,806
(light dramatic music)

347
00:28:07,100 --> 00:28:08,887
But she shakes him off.

348
00:28:13,148 --> 00:28:15,731
(light music)

349
00:28:17,500 --> 00:28:19,010
It's high summer.

350
00:28:19,010 --> 00:28:22,420
The temperatures peak at over 40 degrees.

351
00:28:22,420 --> 00:28:24,737
There's been no rain for months.

352
00:28:24,737 --> 00:28:28,070
(light music continues)

353
00:28:41,460 --> 00:28:43,913
The parched land seems lifeless.

354
00:28:48,920 --> 00:28:51,793
Animals and plants alike scarcely move.

355
00:28:56,000 --> 00:28:59,740
In the early hours, snails climb to the top of bushes

356
00:28:59,740 --> 00:29:03,261
and grasses to escape the baking earth.

357
00:29:03,261 --> 00:29:08,261
(bugs trilling)
(light music)

358
00:29:14,990 --> 00:29:19,777
They withdraw into their shells, close the lid, and rest.

359
00:29:28,610 --> 00:29:32,193
At the top of the stalks there's always a cool breeze.

360
00:29:33,056 --> 00:29:36,184
(bugs trilling)
(light music continues)

361
00:29:36,184 --> 00:29:38,720
(water splashing)

362
00:29:38,720 --> 00:29:41,570
On the island of Rhodes there's another way to keep cool.

363
00:29:44,810 --> 00:29:47,710
Millions of moths hanging scarcely visible

364
00:29:47,710 --> 00:29:51,813
on the rock faces and the trunks of oriental sweetgum trees.

365
00:29:54,350 --> 00:29:57,943
The Jersey tiger is a member of the tiger moth family.

366
00:29:58,910 --> 00:30:01,730
It spends the hot summer months in this shaded valley

367
00:30:01,730 --> 00:30:03,818
with its constant source of water.

368
00:30:03,818 --> 00:30:08,818
(water trickling)
(light music)

369
00:30:15,010 --> 00:30:16,270
Resting through the summer,

370
00:30:16,270 --> 00:30:20,693
estivation is like hibernation in the room months.

371
00:30:21,630 --> 00:30:23,900
There's little food for the moths in high summer

372
00:30:23,900 --> 00:30:25,960
so they enter a state in which they do

373
00:30:25,960 --> 00:30:28,041
as little as possible.

374
00:30:28,041 --> 00:30:33,041
(light music)
(birds chirping)

375
00:30:45,400 --> 00:30:48,630
This small lizard is no danger to the tiger moths.

376
00:30:48,630 --> 00:30:50,293
They're too big for him to eat.

377
00:30:51,220 --> 00:30:54,040
But just by running around he's a problem.

378
00:30:54,040 --> 00:30:57,373
(light music continues)

379
00:31:08,190 --> 00:31:10,930
A wren doesn't eat moths either,

380
00:31:10,930 --> 00:31:15,165
but disturbing their rest drains them of energy reserves.

381
00:31:15,165 --> 00:31:20,165
(birds chirping)
(light music continues)

382
00:31:23,440 --> 00:31:25,423
A hardun comes on the scene.

383
00:31:27,380 --> 00:31:31,047
At 40 centimeters, this lizard is a real threat.

384
00:31:31,047 --> 00:31:34,380
(light dramatic music)

385
00:31:39,570 --> 00:31:42,923
For him, summer is the season of plenty.

386
00:31:43,814 --> 00:31:47,510
(light dramatic music continues)

387
00:31:47,510 --> 00:31:50,673
Some Jersey tigers fly straight into his jaws.

388
00:31:54,390 --> 00:31:56,113
His hunger is soon sated.

389
00:31:57,541 --> 00:32:01,624
(light dramatic music continues)

390
00:32:03,294 --> 00:32:06,544
(light dramatic music)

391
00:32:08,444 --> 00:32:10,370
(water splashing)

392
00:32:10,370 --> 00:32:12,550
Peace returns to the rock face

393
00:32:14,450 --> 00:32:16,083
and the moths are safe again.

394
00:32:22,370 --> 00:32:24,373
But the hardun can't relax.

395
00:32:25,626 --> 00:32:30,626
There's an intruder, a rival, who must be confronted.

396
00:32:30,706 --> 00:32:34,039
(light dramatic music)

397
00:32:35,430 --> 00:32:40,430
Without a fight, both use pushups to demonstrate

398
00:32:40,630 --> 00:32:42,330
their strength and stamina,

399
00:32:42,330 --> 00:32:46,131
thus avoiding a dangerous territorial battle.

400
00:32:46,131 --> 00:32:49,630
(light dramatic music)
(birds chirping)

401
00:32:49,630 --> 00:32:51,800
Somehow the intruder knows it's defeated

402
00:32:55,300 --> 00:32:56,481
and departs.

403
00:32:56,481 --> 00:33:00,950
(light dramatic music continues)

404
00:33:00,950 --> 00:33:02,363
Winner takes all.

405
00:33:06,689 --> 00:33:11,360
(light music)
(wings rustling)

406
00:33:11,360 --> 00:33:14,350
At the end of the summer, as the days become cooler,

407
00:33:14,350 --> 00:33:17,123
the tigers leave the valley in the thousands.

408
00:33:18,950 --> 00:33:21,733
Next year, a new generation will return.

409
00:33:22,776 --> 00:33:27,776
(water splashing)
(light music)

410
00:33:39,091 --> 00:33:41,600
(waves crashing)

411
00:33:41,600 --> 00:33:46,040
In central Europe, winter is the season without flowers.

412
00:33:46,040 --> 00:33:48,003
In Greece, it's the summer.

413
00:33:49,910 --> 00:33:52,080
There is an exception to the rule.

414
00:33:52,080 --> 00:33:53,073
Sea daffodils.

415
00:33:55,245 --> 00:33:56,130
(bugs buzzing)

416
00:33:56,130 --> 00:34:00,393
As the sun sets, they're heady scent draws nocturnal moths.

417
00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:04,483
Each flower opens for a single night.

418
00:34:05,770 --> 00:34:09,080
The convolvulus hawk-moth follows its long proboscis

419
00:34:09,080 --> 00:34:12,843
deep into the flower to reach the nectar.

420
00:34:15,610 --> 00:34:20,277
Sea daffodil and moth depend entirely on one another.

421
00:34:20,277 --> 00:34:22,944
(bugs trilling)

422
00:34:27,163 --> 00:34:29,336
(light music)

423
00:34:29,336 --> 00:34:31,540
(crickets chirping)

424
00:34:31,540 --> 00:34:35,733
In the remote Chameleon Bay the night shift begins.

425
00:34:37,450 --> 00:34:41,409
The Mediterranean scorpion is hunting in the dunes.

426
00:34:41,409 --> 00:34:44,500
(light music continues)
(sand rustling)

427
00:34:44,500 --> 00:34:46,890
A sand boa leaves its lair.

428
00:34:55,690 --> 00:34:59,570
The baby chameleon has spent 11 months in its egg

429
00:34:59,570 --> 00:35:00,963
deep below the surface.

430
00:35:02,920 --> 00:35:04,940
It can only hatch at night.

431
00:35:04,940 --> 00:35:08,435
In the daytime the sand would be too hot.

432
00:35:08,435 --> 00:35:12,500
(light dramatic music continues)

433
00:35:12,500 --> 00:35:15,585
It feels its way onto a grass stalk.

434
00:35:15,585 --> 00:35:19,668
(light dramatic music continues)

435
00:35:23,595 --> 00:35:25,500
That it can climb to get away

436
00:35:25,500 --> 00:35:28,100
from the predators on the ground.

437
00:35:28,100 --> 00:35:32,183
(light dramatic music continues)

438
00:35:36,320 --> 00:35:40,610
More and more mini chameleons leave the sandy nest

439
00:35:40,610 --> 00:35:43,113
and start the long climb upwards.

440
00:35:47,060 --> 00:35:48,933
They're reaching for the full moon.

441
00:35:51,940 --> 00:35:55,043
Two centimeters long, each weighs one gram.

442
00:36:01,470 --> 00:36:04,143
The sand boa hunts in the cool hours.

443
00:36:06,810 --> 00:36:08,933
The scorpion is also searching for food.

444
00:36:14,450 --> 00:36:16,723
Up there, the chameleons are safe.

445
00:36:20,040 --> 00:36:22,933
They keep on climbing till there's no more stalk.

446
00:36:22,933 --> 00:36:27,016
(light dramatic music continues)

447
00:36:49,760 --> 00:36:52,123
The scorpion must find a different prey.

448
00:36:54,600 --> 00:36:56,650
A flick of the tail, and it's all over

449
00:36:56,650 --> 00:36:59,329
for the Mediterranean cricket.

450
00:36:59,329 --> 00:37:04,329
(ominous music)
(crickets chirping)

451
00:37:11,910 --> 00:37:15,493
The chameleons must stay on their stalks till morning.

452
00:37:20,520 --> 00:37:21,993
The boa will go without.

453
00:37:25,210 --> 00:37:27,093
It can't face the August sun.

454
00:37:30,360 --> 00:37:32,823
With the dawn, it disappears into the sand.

455
00:37:42,791 --> 00:37:47,791
(light music)
(gulls cawing)

456
00:37:50,490 --> 00:37:53,420
Out over the sea between Crete and the Greek mainland

457
00:37:53,420 --> 00:37:55,613
is an island risen and craggy.

458
00:37:57,530 --> 00:38:01,890
Antikythera's 22 square kilometers are almost uninhibited.

459
00:38:01,890 --> 00:38:05,223
(light music continues)

460
00:38:09,160 --> 00:38:10,140
But in late summer,

461
00:38:10,140 --> 00:38:14,170
the island is taken over by Eleonora's Falcons.

462
00:38:14,170 --> 00:38:19,170
(light music continues)
(birds squawking)

463
00:38:20,960 --> 00:38:24,210
These lean raptors measure about 40 centimeters

464
00:38:24,210 --> 00:38:25,510
from head to tail.

465
00:38:25,510 --> 00:38:27,810
The females are usually bigger than the males.

466
00:38:30,676 --> 00:38:33,593
(birds squawking)

467
00:38:40,060 --> 00:38:42,740
In the breeding season, up to 1200 pairs

468
00:38:42,740 --> 00:38:44,593
spread across Antikythera.

469
00:38:45,683 --> 00:38:47,333
It's the raptors' biggest colony.

470
00:38:48,236 --> 00:38:53,236
(birds squawking)
(light music continues)

471
00:39:03,060 --> 00:39:05,860
These two week old chicks will be completely dependent

472
00:39:05,860 --> 00:39:08,403
on their parents for some time to come.

473
00:39:08,403 --> 00:39:11,320
(birds squawking)

474
00:39:20,230 --> 00:39:23,073
The biggest chick gets first grabs at everything.

475
00:39:25,734 --> 00:39:29,783
(light dramatic music)

476
00:39:29,783 --> 00:39:32,730
(wings flapping)

477
00:39:32,730 --> 00:39:36,150
It's no coincidence they were born so late in the year,

478
00:39:36,150 --> 00:39:39,570
it's timed for the arrival of their food source.

479
00:39:39,570 --> 00:39:43,259
The songbirds flying to winter quarters in Africa.

480
00:39:43,259 --> 00:39:47,342
(light dramatic music continues)

481
00:39:50,756 --> 00:39:54,656
Antikythera is a staging post on the long southern crossing.

482
00:39:54,656 --> 00:39:59,656
(waves crashing)
(light dramatic music)

483
00:40:02,460 --> 00:40:06,040
The high altitude hunt starts in the early morning

484
00:40:06,040 --> 00:40:09,620
when the north wind blows, the meltemi.

485
00:40:09,620 --> 00:40:11,550
That's when the prey fly over,

486
00:40:11,550 --> 00:40:13,450
getting extra speed from the tailwind.

487
00:40:15,270 --> 00:40:19,353
(light dramatic music continues)

488
00:40:25,530 --> 00:40:28,170
At first, only the male goes out hunting,

489
00:40:28,170 --> 00:40:31,888
but as the chicks grow, both parents take their turn.

490
00:40:31,888 --> 00:40:36,888
(birds squawking)
(light dramatic music)

491
00:40:54,840 --> 00:40:58,020
In the mating season and through the breeding season too,

492
00:40:58,020 --> 00:41:02,102
falcon pairs bond by a spectacular aerobatics.

493
00:41:02,102 --> 00:41:06,875
(light dramatic music continues)

494
00:41:06,875 --> 00:41:09,792
(birds squawking)

495
00:41:20,480 --> 00:41:23,140
But now hunting comes first

496
00:41:23,140 --> 00:41:24,983
and the young are never satisfied.

497
00:41:26,530 --> 00:41:28,711
Another songbird is consumed.

498
00:41:28,711 --> 00:41:33,711
(birds squawking)
(light dramatic music)

499
00:41:44,640 --> 00:41:47,023
Once in a while, a chick gets a cricket.

500
00:41:48,900 --> 00:41:51,933
The rest of the year the falcons' main diet is insects.

501
00:41:51,933 --> 00:41:56,933
(birds squawking)
(light dramatic music)

502
00:41:58,710 --> 00:42:01,170
By late morning with the chicks provided for,

503
00:42:01,170 --> 00:42:03,930
the parents can look after themselves.

504
00:42:03,930 --> 00:42:06,696
Off they go to the island spa.

505
00:42:06,696 --> 00:42:09,279
(light music)

506
00:42:13,540 --> 00:42:17,370
The only fresh water on the island is the perfect place

507
00:42:19,070 --> 00:42:20,992
for a spot of preening.

508
00:42:20,992 --> 00:42:23,825
(water splashing)

509
00:42:29,730 --> 00:42:32,090
The chicks are fine on their own.

510
00:42:32,090 --> 00:42:34,660
The birds themselves are the only predators,

511
00:42:34,660 --> 00:42:36,060
there are no others to fear.

512
00:42:41,570 --> 00:42:44,428
No wonder the falcons seem so carefree.

513
00:42:44,428 --> 00:42:49,428
(light dramatic music)
(water splashing)

514
00:42:50,610 --> 00:42:53,723
Plumage grooming comes a clear second to pleasure.

515
00:43:00,650 --> 00:43:02,973
But their carefree days will soon be over.

516
00:43:03,990 --> 00:43:05,730
Once the chicks have fledged,

517
00:43:05,730 --> 00:43:09,550
their parents will take them on their first epic migration

518
00:43:09,550 --> 00:43:12,716
to their wintering grounds on Madagascar.

519
00:43:12,716 --> 00:43:15,009
(light dramatic music continues)

520
00:43:15,009 --> 00:43:18,250
(birds squawking)

521
00:43:18,250 --> 00:43:20,970
(bugs trilling)

522
00:43:20,970 --> 00:43:24,620
One month after her last year's brood hatched,

523
00:43:24,620 --> 00:43:26,800
the newly pregnant chameleon is searching

524
00:43:26,800 --> 00:43:28,683
for the right place to dig her nest.

525
00:43:35,430 --> 00:43:39,686
Her new brood will grow inside the eggs for 11 months.

526
00:43:39,686 --> 00:43:44,686
(bugs trilling)
(sand rustling)

527
00:43:45,490 --> 00:43:48,030
She starts digging in the early morning.

528
00:43:48,030 --> 00:43:50,833
She'll dig down up to 50 centimeters.

529
00:43:51,954 --> 00:43:54,537
(light music)

530
00:43:56,210 --> 00:43:59,113
She'll keep digging all day and far into the night.

531
00:43:59,997 --> 00:44:04,997
(light music continues)
(bugs trilling)

532
00:44:23,480 --> 00:44:25,210
Her turquoise and yellow coloring

533
00:44:25,210 --> 00:44:28,851
tell other chameleons she's not available for mating.

534
00:44:28,851 --> 00:44:32,184
(light music continues)

535
00:44:41,540 --> 00:44:44,253
After laying the eggs, she starts to cover them.

536
00:44:45,480 --> 00:44:47,770
That'll take her till morning.

537
00:44:47,770 --> 00:44:52,770
(sand rustling)
(light music continues)

538
00:44:52,910 --> 00:44:55,467
As the exhaustive chameleon leaves the nest,

539
00:44:55,467 --> 00:44:59,400
her tail mimics the surrounding blades of grass.

540
00:44:59,400 --> 00:45:01,990
Perhaps it's camouflage to protect the site

541
00:45:01,990 --> 00:45:04,351
of her nest from predators.

542
00:45:04,351 --> 00:45:07,684
(light music continues)

543
00:45:11,878 --> 00:45:16,000
(waves crashing)
(light dramatic music)

544
00:45:16,000 --> 00:45:17,553
The settled weather is over.

545
00:45:18,530 --> 00:45:21,401
Wild winds batter the islands.

546
00:45:21,401 --> 00:45:26,401
(waves crashing)
(light dramatic music)

547
00:45:31,200 --> 00:45:34,245
To the north, the moisture-laden air has cooled.

548
00:45:34,245 --> 00:45:37,340
(thunder rumbling)

549
00:45:37,340 --> 00:45:38,673
The sea is still warm.

550
00:45:39,733 --> 00:45:42,650
(thunder rumbling)

551
00:45:46,068 --> 00:45:48,580
(waves crashing)

552
00:45:48,580 --> 00:45:51,483
The different pressures produce powerful winds.

553
00:45:55,460 --> 00:45:58,703
Energy released in violent storms.

554
00:45:58,703 --> 00:46:02,744
(thunder rumbling)
(waves crashing)

555
00:46:02,744 --> 00:46:04,320
(rain pattering)

556
00:46:04,320 --> 00:46:06,493
The earth can't absorb the heavy rainfall.

557
00:46:10,420 --> 00:46:12,993
Sudden torrents rush towards the sea.

558
00:46:14,575 --> 00:46:19,575
(water trickling)
(light dramatic music)

559
00:46:19,787 --> 00:46:22,787
(thunder rumbling)

560
00:46:25,540 --> 00:46:28,413
On Crete too, temperatures plummet.

561
00:46:29,340 --> 00:46:33,242
In the Lefka Ori Mountains, winter is on its way.

562
00:46:33,242 --> 00:46:37,325
(light dramatic music continues)

563
00:46:40,860 --> 00:46:43,730
The changing seasons are felt in the sea.

564
00:46:43,730 --> 00:46:48,730
(light music)
(water bubbling)

565
00:46:49,890 --> 00:46:54,460
The colder water is a signal to the female cuttlefish.

566
00:46:54,460 --> 00:46:57,680
She's already chosen the right place to lay her eggs,

567
00:46:57,680 --> 00:47:00,853
washed by the current, but protected from the swell.

568
00:47:01,761 --> 00:47:05,094
(light music continues)

569
00:47:07,510 --> 00:47:12,240
She lays her eggs in stages, black, the size of grapes,

570
00:47:12,240 --> 00:47:14,869
and attaches them to Neptune grass.

571
00:47:14,869 --> 00:47:18,202
(light music continues)

572
00:47:19,870 --> 00:47:23,530
As the eggs emerge, they're fertilized by the male's sperm

573
00:47:23,530 --> 00:47:27,462
she's been carrying, and then dyed by her ink.

574
00:47:27,462 --> 00:47:30,795
(light music continues)

575
00:47:42,620 --> 00:47:45,410
This is the last act of her life.

576
00:47:45,410 --> 00:47:48,193
She'll die soon after her last eggs are laid.

577
00:47:54,760 --> 00:47:58,590
After around 60 days, the embryo is fully formed.

578
00:47:58,590 --> 00:48:01,515
The egg has gradually become translucent.

579
00:48:01,515 --> 00:48:04,848
(light music continues)

580
00:48:11,430 --> 00:48:14,360
The membrane is now so thin the tiny cephalopod

581
00:48:14,360 --> 00:48:15,583
can break through it.

582
00:48:16,677 --> 00:48:20,010
(light music continues)

583
00:48:28,533 --> 00:48:30,330
Half a centimeter long,

584
00:48:30,330 --> 00:48:33,540
it's a perfect miniature of its parents.

585
00:48:33,540 --> 00:48:37,081
From the moment of birth, it can change shape and color.

586
00:48:37,081 --> 00:48:40,414
(light music continues)

587
00:48:41,920 --> 00:48:43,993
But you have to learn how to hunt.

588
00:49:02,817 --> 00:49:07,817
And it can be painful when you tackle a pebble by mistake.

589
00:49:10,490 --> 00:49:12,800
Once the tentacles are fine tuned,

590
00:49:12,800 --> 00:49:15,353
the pursuit of tiny crustaceans can commence.

591
00:49:16,378 --> 00:49:19,711
(light music continues)

592
00:49:21,960 --> 00:49:24,550
And soon the cuttlefish will be braving

593
00:49:24,550 --> 00:49:27,357
the open waters of the Mediterranean.

594
00:49:27,357 --> 00:49:32,357
(light music)
(waves crashing)

595
00:49:37,270 --> 00:49:40,880
Crete's highest peaks are already dusted white.

596
00:49:40,880 --> 00:49:43,693
Even this far south it snows early in the winter.

597
00:49:48,230 --> 00:49:50,670
The summits of Lefka Ori will be cloaked

598
00:49:50,670 --> 00:49:52,844
in snow for many months.

599
00:49:52,844 --> 00:49:56,870
(wind whistling)
(light music)

600
00:49:56,870 --> 00:49:59,340
But just a few kilometers away on the coast,

601
00:49:59,340 --> 00:50:03,525
the Cretan date palms stay green throughout the year.

602
00:50:03,525 --> 00:50:06,410
(birds chirping)
(light music continues)

603
00:50:06,410 --> 00:50:09,283
Winter shading into the tropics.

604
00:50:11,820 --> 00:50:14,260
(birds squawking)

605
00:50:14,260 --> 00:50:16,620
In this oasis, the alpine swifts take

606
00:50:16,620 --> 00:50:18,413
a last sip of fresh water.

607
00:50:22,890 --> 00:50:26,446
Before they, too, cross the saltwater Mediterranean.

608
00:50:26,446 --> 00:50:27,291
(light dramatic music)
(birds chirping)

609
00:50:27,291 --> 00:50:29,261
(water splashing)

610
00:50:29,261 --> 00:50:33,814
The last travelers to leave the Greek Islands behind them.

611
00:50:33,814 --> 00:50:37,897
(light dramatic music continues)