1
00:00:09,600 --> 00:00:15,040
MAN: There are a continual flow
of new viruses that emerge.

2
00:00:18,680 --> 00:00:22,160
Viruses reproduce
many thousands of times

3
00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:24,760
and many millions of times each day.

4
00:00:27,080 --> 00:00:31,360
And when there's such
rapid evolution of a virus,

5
00:00:31,360 --> 00:00:35,160
there's the opportunity for it
to change and shift.

6
00:00:35,160 --> 00:00:38,200
That is the nature
of these coronaviruses

7
00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:43,520
that have been circulating
within animals for millennia.

8
00:00:47,480 --> 00:00:49,600
WOMAN:

9
00:01:12,680 --> 00:01:15,880
What is very rare

10
00:01:15,880 --> 00:01:21,400
is for one of these viruses
to actually take hold in humans.

11
00:01:28,440 --> 00:01:30,800
MALE NEWSREADER:
China has reported the first death

12
00:01:30,800 --> 00:01:32,000
from a mystery illness,

13
00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:34,760
believed to be a new strain
of the coronavirus

14
00:01:34,760 --> 00:01:36,960
which also causes SARS.

15
00:01:38,760 --> 00:01:41,480
CATHY NEWMAN: Are we gonna see,
at some point in the future,

16
00:01:41,480 --> 00:01:44,920
London being locked down?
Is that possible?

17
00:01:47,320 --> 00:01:51,920
MAN 2: This will be the new normal -
until a vaccine is developed.

18
00:02:00,120 --> 00:02:02,720
MALE NEWSREADER: Having just passed
the grim milestone

19
00:02:02,720 --> 00:02:04,080
of half a million deaths,

20
00:02:04,080 --> 00:02:06,920
no part of humanity
is immune or safe.

21
00:02:08,400 --> 00:02:11,240
BORIS JOHNSON: This country
is going to get through coronavirus,

22
00:02:11,240 --> 00:02:14,760
no doubt, and get through it
in good shape.

23
00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:21,640
We are ready, we are ready.
Totally ready.

24
00:02:47,200 --> 00:02:49,200
BIRDSONG

25
00:02:52,960 --> 00:02:54,360
NARRATOR: Decades ago,

26
00:02:54,360 --> 00:02:58,720
a new virus probably evolved
in a bat cave like this one.

27
00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:02,440
That virus would soon multiply,

28
00:03:02,440 --> 00:03:05,600
killing more than two million people
and counting.

29
00:03:05,600 --> 00:03:08,240
BAT CHITTERS

30
00:03:08,240 --> 00:03:11,360
We know it today as COVID-19.

31
00:03:11,360 --> 00:03:12,760
BAT SQUEAKS

32
00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:32,440
The closest genetic match
yet found to COVID-19

33
00:03:32,440 --> 00:03:36,880
comes from a virus in a horseshoe
bat caught in southern China.

34
00:03:46,080 --> 00:03:50,320
COVID-19 could have been passed
directly to a human by a bat -

35
00:03:50,320 --> 00:03:52,280
or had some help.

36
00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:05,200
BAT CHITTERS

37
00:04:06,440 --> 00:04:10,880
In many parts of China, there's
always these transmissions going on

38
00:04:10,880 --> 00:04:12,760
of many different viruses,

39
00:04:12,760 --> 00:04:15,280
particularly in environments

40
00:04:15,280 --> 00:04:18,200
where animals and humans
are in close proximity.

41
00:04:18,200 --> 00:04:20,320
BATS SQUEAK

42
00:04:22,480 --> 00:04:24,280
In the case of COVID, of course,

43
00:04:24,280 --> 00:04:26,880
we're thinking about
the wet markets

44
00:04:26,880 --> 00:04:31,120
where live animals are sold.

45
00:04:37,680 --> 00:04:42,760
Officially, there are 44,000
so-called wet markets across China.

46
00:04:44,840 --> 00:04:49,680
They sell seafood,
but also exotic live wild animals.

47
00:04:54,320 --> 00:04:57,240
Millions shop in them.

48
00:04:57,240 --> 00:05:02,240
Live animals being handled by humans

49
00:05:02,240 --> 00:05:05,600
is the most likely way
in which transmission occurred.

50
00:05:09,880 --> 00:05:13,600
SIR PAUL NURSE: Viruses can't grow,
they can't reproduce

51
00:05:13,600 --> 00:05:16,000
unless they are inside a cell.

52
00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:19,280
They hijack the machinery
of the cell

53
00:05:19,280 --> 00:05:22,040
to make more copies of themselves.

54
00:05:23,880 --> 00:05:25,520
The cell will break down

55
00:05:25,520 --> 00:05:28,520
and then those viruses
can infect yet more cells,

56
00:05:28,520 --> 00:05:30,480
but they're completely dependent,

57
00:05:30,480 --> 00:05:35,200
upon growth and making themselves,
on being inside another cell.

58
00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:45,640
MAN:

59
00:05:50,120 --> 00:05:53,640
It immediately hit
every single nerve of me.

60
00:05:53,640 --> 00:05:57,920
A world expert on controlling
infectious outbreaks,

61
00:05:57,920 --> 00:06:00,920
Dr Lo was terrified
early that morning

62
00:06:00,920 --> 00:06:05,600
by messages on social media
posted by doctors in Wuhan,

63
00:06:05,600 --> 00:06:06,720
central China.

64
00:06:08,240 --> 00:06:12,800
They spoke of a type
of severe respiratory virus - SARS.

65
00:06:14,120 --> 00:06:18,280
The most important message was,
there was outbreak in Wuhan.

66
00:06:19,400 --> 00:06:23,760
Seven cases were laboratory
confirmed with SARS virus.

67
00:06:23,760 --> 00:06:28,000
The first SARS virus,
killing hundreds,

68
00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:30,360
had badly impacted Taiwan,

69
00:06:30,360 --> 00:06:34,640
after being spread from nearby
China almost two decades ago.

70
00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:38,800
The doctors from Wuhan now revealed

71
00:06:38,800 --> 00:06:41,480
that a new form
of SARS coronavirus

72
00:06:41,480 --> 00:06:43,360
had taken hold in humans.

73
00:06:44,480 --> 00:06:46,240
This very important information

74
00:06:46,240 --> 00:06:51,800
was not reported or provided
by the Chinese government.

75
00:06:53,800 --> 00:06:58,560
Within hours, Dr Lo and his
colleagues sent urgent questions

76
00:06:58,560 --> 00:07:01,240
to disease control experts in China.

77
00:07:01,240 --> 00:07:04,800
There were two thoughts.
Firstly, what is the degree

78
00:07:04,800 --> 00:07:07,240
to which it is causing
severe disease?

79
00:07:07,240 --> 00:07:10,720
And secondly,
how transmissible is this?

80
00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:23,040
HORN HONKS

81
00:07:35,120 --> 00:07:38,200
In Wuhan itself,
citizen journalists were, by now,

82
00:07:38,200 --> 00:07:41,520
desperately trying
to find information.

83
00:07:41,520 --> 00:07:43,440
TRANSLATION

84
00:07:47,800 --> 00:07:50,720
The authorities had closed
the city's wet market,

85
00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:55,040
after a number of people sick
in hospital were linked to it.

86
00:07:55,040 --> 00:07:57,880
HORNS HONK

87
00:07:57,880 --> 00:07:59,880
TRANSLATION

88
00:08:01,320 --> 00:08:03,880
But others, with no connection
to the wet market,

89
00:08:03,880 --> 00:08:05,880
were also becoming ill.

90
00:08:05,880 --> 00:08:07,760
TRANSLATION

91
00:08:10,280 --> 00:08:12,280
The Chinese authorities

92
00:08:12,280 --> 00:08:15,760
were denying the virus could be
passed from human to human.

93
00:08:15,760 --> 00:08:17,240
SIREN WAILS

94
00:08:17,240 --> 00:08:20,080
The doctors who first reported
it was contagious

95
00:08:20,080 --> 00:08:22,640
were silenced and disciplined.

96
00:08:25,600 --> 00:08:29,960
And state media threatened
other potential whistle-blowers.

97
00:08:29,960 --> 00:08:32,080
TRANSLATION

98
00:08:39,920 --> 00:08:43,240
On the 9th of January,
this new coronavirus,

99
00:08:43,240 --> 00:08:48,640
later christened COVID-19, claimed
its first official victim...

100
00:08:49,680 --> 00:08:52,720
..a Wuhan resident in his 60s.

101
00:08:56,360 --> 00:09:01,320
Many of the viruses
that transmit from animals to humans

102
00:09:01,320 --> 00:09:04,200
may indeed cause disease or death.

103
00:09:06,400 --> 00:09:09,800
But if that virus
cannot transmit to others,

104
00:09:09,800 --> 00:09:12,720
then, of course, it's a dead end.

105
00:09:15,640 --> 00:09:18,960
For days,
medical experts from Taiwan

106
00:09:18,960 --> 00:09:21,280
had been pushing to get to Wuhan.

107
00:09:21,280 --> 00:09:25,000
Dr Yin-Ching Chuang and his team

108
00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:28,240
were desperate for an answer
to one key question.

109
00:09:28,240 --> 00:09:30,120
TRANSLATION

110
00:09:34,880 --> 00:09:37,320
Two weeks after
the official outbreak,

111
00:09:37,320 --> 00:09:41,960
Dr Chuang and a colleague
got permission to travel.

112
00:09:41,960 --> 00:09:43,640
Once in Wuhan,

113
00:09:43,640 --> 00:09:47,200
they were briefed by government
officials at a hospital.

114
00:09:47,200 --> 00:09:48,960
TRANSLATION

115
00:09:55,880 --> 00:09:57,840
But after a long meeting,

116
00:09:57,840 --> 00:10:02,360
Dr Chuang says his Chinese hosts
finally changed their tune.

117
00:10:03,800 --> 00:10:05,480
TRANSLATION

118
00:10:16,880 --> 00:10:21,120
By now, some two weeks after
the outbreak officially began,

119
00:10:21,120 --> 00:10:25,120
human-to-human transmission was
still not being publicly admitted.

120
00:10:29,640 --> 00:10:31,560
TRANSLATION

121
00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:50,520
Instead, for 12 crucial days
in this period,

122
00:10:50,520 --> 00:10:54,400
not a single new case of
the highly contagious coronavirus

123
00:10:54,400 --> 00:10:57,080
was officially reported.

124
00:10:57,080 --> 00:10:59,200
TRANSLATION

125
00:11:08,040 --> 00:11:10,560
Dr Chuang returned to Taiwan

126
00:11:10,560 --> 00:11:12,920
to tell his colleagues
that he was convinced

127
00:11:12,920 --> 00:11:16,000
the new coronavirus was spreading.

128
00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:19,760
DR LO: We have been dealing
with official information

129
00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:22,520
from the Chinese government
for decades.

130
00:11:22,520 --> 00:11:28,760
And we know that a lot of this
information can be untrustworthy.

131
00:11:28,760 --> 00:11:32,920
And they can be only partly correct.

132
00:11:34,600 --> 00:11:36,640
Since hearing of the outbreak,

133
00:11:36,640 --> 00:11:40,080
Taiwan had been screening
passengers from Wuhan.

134
00:11:40,080 --> 00:11:44,280
Now, a series of additional
emergency public health controls

135
00:11:44,280 --> 00:11:46,000
were imposed.

136
00:11:46,000 --> 00:11:49,680
We had to depend on ourselves
to protect our people.

137
00:11:49,680 --> 00:11:53,840
So, we cannot trust
Chinese information totally.

138
00:12:00,880 --> 00:12:06,120
But in China, it seemed there was
still nothing to worry about.

139
00:12:07,400 --> 00:12:09,600
Billions of trips
were now being made

140
00:12:09,600 --> 00:12:11,720
ahead of
the Chinese New Year holiday.

141
00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:22,440
State-run media kept reassuring
people it was safe.

142
00:12:35,800 --> 00:12:40,960
The most worrying thing was that
many people were coming together

143
00:12:40,960 --> 00:12:45,320
and then dispersing across China -
and across the world.

144
00:12:48,800 --> 00:12:51,680
It was a time of enormous mixing.

145
00:12:51,680 --> 00:12:54,360
WHISTLE TOOTS

146
00:12:54,360 --> 00:12:58,320
Which is just exactly
the conditions that are required

147
00:12:58,320 --> 00:13:00,880
for this virus to spread
out of control.

148
00:13:02,440 --> 00:13:05,240
CARNIVAL MUSIC PLAYS

149
00:13:08,640 --> 00:13:10,880
But as the festival
was in full swing,

150
00:13:10,880 --> 00:13:12,360
the Chinese authorities

151
00:13:12,360 --> 00:13:16,120
put their leading epidemiologist
on television

152
00:13:16,120 --> 00:13:18,920
with a damning admission
about the virus.

153
00:13:36,120 --> 00:13:40,400
The deadly infectiousness
of the new coronavirus in Wuhan

154
00:13:40,400 --> 00:13:45,120
had finally been publicly admitted
to the world.

155
00:13:47,360 --> 00:13:49,960
MAN GROANS

156
00:14:06,720 --> 00:14:10,440
PROFESSOR PILLAY: COVID-19
is highly transmissible.

157
00:14:10,440 --> 00:14:11,840
This is the one thing

158
00:14:11,840 --> 00:14:15,000
that determines
its spread around the world.

159
00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:16,800
HORNS HONK

160
00:14:20,800 --> 00:14:24,000
SIR PAUL NURSE:
It's really quite a nasty one...

161
00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:30,280
because some people are OK,
and some people are killed by it,

162
00:14:30,280 --> 00:14:33,920
so it's very difficult to know
quite how to manage it.

163
00:14:37,840 --> 00:14:41,280
More than three weeks after
the official outbreak,

164
00:14:41,280 --> 00:14:44,920
the Chinese authorities
now took extreme action -

165
00:14:44,920 --> 00:14:48,960
locking down Wuhan and
the surrounding province - Hubei.

166
00:14:48,960 --> 00:14:52,400
Some 57 million people.

167
00:14:54,720 --> 00:14:56,720
Whilst the streets were empty...

168
00:15:05,240 --> 00:15:08,480
..for the first time, the world
had a glimpse of the carnage

169
00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:11,000
the virus would leave in its wake.

170
00:15:24,520 --> 00:15:27,800
But could the pandemic
have been prevented,

171
00:15:27,800 --> 00:15:30,640
had the Chinese authorities
taken decisive action

172
00:15:30,640 --> 00:15:33,320
to contain the virus...

173
00:15:33,320 --> 00:15:35,160
much earlier?

174
00:15:53,450 --> 00:15:57,170
The citizen journalist who filmed
the seafood market in January

175
00:15:57,170 --> 00:16:01,610
has arrived back in Wuhan
later in the year to film for us.

176
00:16:01,610 --> 00:16:02,850
PHONE RINGING

177
00:16:07,010 --> 00:16:10,410
We kept in touch
through a secret go-between.

178
00:16:10,410 --> 00:16:12,850
TRANSLATION

179
00:16:30,650 --> 00:16:34,290
Human rights groups have reported
people being detained,

180
00:16:34,290 --> 00:16:39,290
jailed or simply disappearing after
trying to search out the truth.

181
00:16:40,370 --> 00:16:42,810
TRANSLATION

182
00:16:50,890 --> 00:16:53,770
Despite these massive risks,

183
00:16:53,770 --> 00:16:58,250
the citizen journalist agreed
to film undercover in Wuhan for us.

184
00:17:02,250 --> 00:17:04,850
These senior medical professionals,

185
00:17:04,850 --> 00:17:07,810
filmed secretly to record
their honest opinions,

186
00:17:07,810 --> 00:17:11,170
witnessed some of the first cases.

187
00:17:11,170 --> 00:17:13,170
SIREN

188
00:17:13,170 --> 00:17:15,410
From the beginning of the outbreak,

189
00:17:15,410 --> 00:17:18,810
they were in no doubt
how dangerous the virus was.

190
00:17:20,130 --> 00:17:23,410
TRANSLATION

191
00:17:48,290 --> 00:17:52,170
For the first time,
doctors in Wuhan are recorded

192
00:17:52,170 --> 00:17:54,850
revealing that they were told
by the authorities

193
00:17:54,850 --> 00:17:57,450
not to talk about
how easily the virus spread.

194
00:17:58,890 --> 00:18:01,010
TRANSLATION

195
00:18:14,010 --> 00:18:17,410
They say the authorities knew
the January New Year celebrations

196
00:18:17,410 --> 00:18:19,530
would accelerate
the spread of the virus.

197
00:18:21,330 --> 00:18:23,330
TRANSLATION

198
00:18:50,410 --> 00:18:52,530
TRANSLATION

199
00:19:05,610 --> 00:19:10,690
The very early outbreak management
was just a mess, it's a failure.

200
00:19:17,010 --> 00:19:21,250
I think the pandemic could have
been avoided at the beginning

201
00:19:21,250 --> 00:19:26,010
if China was transparent
about the outbreak.

202
00:19:26,010 --> 00:19:30,850
And they were quick to provide the
necessary information to the world.

203
00:19:37,370 --> 00:19:39,690
Instead, in the weeks
before it locked down,

204
00:19:39,690 --> 00:19:42,690
the virus spread quickly from China.

205
00:19:47,890 --> 00:19:52,610
From mid-to-late January,
it was detected in 25 countries,

206
00:19:52,610 --> 00:19:54,170
mostly in Asia.

207
00:19:56,530 --> 00:20:00,050
What might have taken two,
three, four, five years

208
00:20:00,050 --> 00:20:04,210
to spread a couple of hundred years
ago can spread in 24 hours.

209
00:20:07,730 --> 00:20:11,570
It really is like a forest fire
in the Australian outback.

210
00:20:13,530 --> 00:20:17,010
A potent viral infection
is exactly like that.

211
00:20:25,770 --> 00:20:28,010
REPORTER: It's been confirmed
that the coronavirus

212
00:20:28,010 --> 00:20:31,970
that's infected 10,000 people
in China has reached the UK.

213
00:20:36,010 --> 00:20:38,570
A week after Wuhan
had been locked down,

214
00:20:38,570 --> 00:20:41,650
the virus had officially arrived
in the UK.

215
00:20:43,210 --> 00:20:47,570
The first known victims carrying it,
two Chinese nationals in York.

216
00:20:48,970 --> 00:20:54,330
A medical team was prepared for them
at a specialist unit in Newcastle.

217
00:20:54,330 --> 00:20:58,890
We knew nothing much
about coronavirus.

218
00:20:58,890 --> 00:21:03,130
We knew what... that it was
a highly infectious disease,

219
00:21:03,130 --> 00:21:07,770
that a lot of patients became very
unwell and needed intensive care,

220
00:21:07,770 --> 00:21:10,890
respiratory support,
and that patients died.

221
00:21:12,290 --> 00:21:16,010
Dr Matthias Schmid
is an infectious diseases specialist

222
00:21:16,010 --> 00:21:17,730
put in charge of the team.

223
00:21:24,570 --> 00:21:27,410
With the patients,
everything was under control.

224
00:21:31,010 --> 00:21:33,490
However, we also were aware

225
00:21:33,490 --> 00:21:36,730
that these would not
be the last two patients.

226
00:21:38,490 --> 00:21:43,250
We thought right from the beginning
that this is

227
00:21:43,250 --> 00:21:47,410
highly likely going to become
a serious problem across the world.

228
00:21:52,010 --> 00:21:56,330
By now,
the British government was reacting.

229
00:21:56,330 --> 00:21:59,690
The good news was that the UK
had developed a COVID test,

230
00:21:59,690 --> 00:22:04,090
which it claimed could be rolled out
across the country in weeks.

231
00:22:06,650 --> 00:22:11,330
That was all well and good.
What was not contemplated

232
00:22:11,330 --> 00:22:17,290
was the speed with which that test
would have to be scaled up,

233
00:22:17,290 --> 00:22:21,170
distributed around the network
of laboratories

234
00:22:21,170 --> 00:22:24,210
and the extent to which
contact tracing

235
00:22:24,210 --> 00:22:26,490
would be able to be developed.

236
00:22:32,610 --> 00:22:36,370
But the virus was already seeping
fast and undetected

237
00:22:36,370 --> 00:22:38,850
from Asia into mainland Europe.

238
00:22:38,850 --> 00:22:41,210
Just one step away from the UK.

239
00:22:42,370 --> 00:22:46,690
If you were to ascribe
a consciousness to a virus,

240
00:22:46,690 --> 00:22:48,930
then a clever virus
is one that spreads

241
00:22:48,930 --> 00:22:51,170
without you knowing
it's being spread.

242
00:22:53,970 --> 00:22:56,690
Exactly a month
after China had acknowledged

243
00:22:56,690 --> 00:22:58,770
human-to-human transmission,

244
00:22:58,770 --> 00:23:05,450
a pharmacist in this small Italian
town received a surprise call.

245
00:23:07,530 --> 00:23:09,730
We were working here in a pharmacy

246
00:23:09,730 --> 00:23:12,530
when my father got a phone call
from the hospital

247
00:23:12,530 --> 00:23:16,930
saying that there had been the
first case of COVID-19 here in Vo,

248
00:23:16,930 --> 00:23:18,690
actually, two cases,

249
00:23:18,690 --> 00:23:22,490
and just a few hours later,
the first person died from that.

250
00:23:25,130 --> 00:23:26,890
TRANSLATION

251
00:23:35,770 --> 00:23:38,330
It was really surreal.

252
00:23:40,090 --> 00:23:43,730
There was police
and military everywhere.

253
00:23:43,730 --> 00:23:46,090
And people, most of all,
were scared.

254
00:23:49,810 --> 00:23:53,490
As Europe looked on in shock
at its first fatal outbreaks...

255
00:23:53,490 --> 00:23:54,970
PHONE RINGS

256
00:23:54,970 --> 00:23:59,250
..an Italian microbiologist
saw a chance to prove something

257
00:23:59,250 --> 00:24:02,250
about the virus that would
warn of the pandemic to come.

258
00:24:02,250 --> 00:24:04,770
PHONE RINGS

259
00:24:04,770 --> 00:24:08,410
He wanted to test his theory
that it was also being spread

260
00:24:08,410 --> 00:24:11,650
by those not displaying
any symptoms.

261
00:24:11,650 --> 00:24:13,850
People who were asymptomatic.

262
00:24:14,890 --> 00:24:17,490
For the first time,
we have a community

263
00:24:17,490 --> 00:24:20,490
which is completely closed,
nobody can come in,

264
00:24:20,490 --> 00:24:22,610
nobody can go out
and everybody's tested.

265
00:24:26,890 --> 00:24:32,290
The test results dramatically proved
the professor's theory was right.

266
00:24:32,290 --> 00:24:33,850
On the first survey,

267
00:24:33,850 --> 00:24:37,450
we discovered that about 40%
of the people were asymptomatic.

268
00:24:38,450 --> 00:24:40,930
We also showed that
an asymptomatic individual

269
00:24:40,930 --> 00:24:44,570
had more or less the same
viral load of symptomatic,

270
00:24:44,570 --> 00:24:48,290
so we could demonstrate
that they played

271
00:24:48,290 --> 00:24:50,850
an important role in transmission.

272
00:24:51,970 --> 00:24:55,370
Further studies have since
suggested those carrying the virus

273
00:24:55,370 --> 00:24:59,810
without symptoms
could be as high as 75%.

274
00:25:00,970 --> 00:25:02,290
There's no doubt about it,

275
00:25:02,290 --> 00:25:05,090
asymptomatic spread
has been the killer for COVID

276
00:25:05,090 --> 00:25:07,690
because it is the silent spread.

277
00:25:07,690 --> 00:25:08,810
They're out and about.

278
00:25:08,810 --> 00:25:10,410
And they... and no-one knows.

279
00:25:10,410 --> 00:25:13,250
They don't know, you don't know,
that there is a risk from them

280
00:25:13,250 --> 00:25:14,850
and that's what makes them
dangerous.

281
00:25:17,450 --> 00:25:19,290
Testing continued in Vo.

282
00:25:19,290 --> 00:25:21,730
Those positive were quarantined.

283
00:25:21,730 --> 00:25:25,650
Without fresh hosts, the virus died.

284
00:25:25,650 --> 00:25:30,050
The death toll of three people,
I think we were very lucky

285
00:25:30,050 --> 00:25:33,290
to be able to test
the whole population,

286
00:25:33,290 --> 00:25:36,490
to isolate
even the asymptomatic people,

287
00:25:36,490 --> 00:25:40,250
and after a few weeks,
we were virtually COVID-free.

288
00:25:42,210 --> 00:25:44,850
And then we could start again.

289
00:25:49,250 --> 00:25:53,730
The testing programme was
expanded across Vo's region, Veneto,

290
00:25:53,730 --> 00:25:56,170
helping to control its outbreak.

291
00:26:00,730 --> 00:26:04,970
Professor Crisanti
published his results in Britain.

292
00:26:04,970 --> 00:26:09,770
But the British government did not
respond to the emerging evidence

293
00:26:09,770 --> 00:26:12,770
about asymptomatic transmission.

294
00:26:12,770 --> 00:26:15,250
I think there should have been
an assumption

295
00:26:15,250 --> 00:26:17,450
of asymptomatic transmission,

296
00:26:17,450 --> 00:26:20,890
because that is such
a common occurrence

297
00:26:20,890 --> 00:26:23,130
with a large number
of respiratory viruses.

298
00:26:24,690 --> 00:26:30,770
NHS rules were saying people without
symptoms don't need to be tested,

299
00:26:30,770 --> 00:26:34,170
when, obviously,
they DID need to be tested.

300
00:26:34,170 --> 00:26:37,050
I began to think I was living
in Alice In Wonderland

301
00:26:37,050 --> 00:26:39,250
when this became clear.

302
00:26:41,850 --> 00:26:46,410
But by now,
Europe was on the brink

303
00:26:46,410 --> 00:26:48,770
of the deadliest pandemic
in a century.

304
00:27:02,850 --> 00:27:07,770
By mid-February 2020,
the virus was spreading fast,

305
00:27:07,770 --> 00:27:10,010
mainly undetected,

306
00:27:10,010 --> 00:27:13,170
through Italy's wealthiest region,
Lombardy,

307
00:27:13,170 --> 00:27:15,490
and its capital, Milan.

308
00:27:19,370 --> 00:27:23,930
Believed to have been brought
here by Chinese tourists or workers,

309
00:27:23,930 --> 00:27:26,850
in Lombardy,
there was only limited testing.

310
00:27:26,850 --> 00:27:29,290
And only for those
with clear symptoms.

311
00:27:30,770 --> 00:27:32,890
TRANSLATION

312
00:27:46,730 --> 00:27:51,090
Salvatore Matsola was living
in Bergamo in Lombardy

313
00:27:51,090 --> 00:27:53,370
with his wife Claudia
and two children.

314
00:27:56,010 --> 00:27:58,610
No city in Italy
would be worse affected.

315
00:28:00,250 --> 00:28:02,250
TRANSLATION

316
00:28:24,730 --> 00:28:28,410
What was so particularly shocking
was the knowledge that Lombardy

317
00:28:28,410 --> 00:28:31,650
in particular has a very
well-functioning health system.

318
00:28:34,810 --> 00:28:36,810
The images were frankly terrifying.

319
00:28:47,610 --> 00:28:50,130
We were seeing hospitals

320
00:28:50,130 --> 00:28:53,290
failing to cope with
the number of patients coming in.

321
00:28:59,650 --> 00:29:01,890
There were patients dying
in the corridors.

322
00:29:01,890 --> 00:29:06,090
MACHINES BEEPING

323
00:29:06,090 --> 00:29:08,570
Health workers who were dying.

324
00:29:13,130 --> 00:29:16,690
One of the problems was that
the health system in Lombardy

325
00:29:16,690 --> 00:29:19,210
was very much focused on hospitals.

326
00:29:19,210 --> 00:29:23,050
And the community services
were much less well-developed.

327
00:29:23,050 --> 00:29:25,370
So patients were going to hospital

328
00:29:25,370 --> 00:29:27,610
and they were spreading it
within hospitals.

329
00:29:35,490 --> 00:29:38,050
Two weeks after the Vo lockdown,

330
00:29:38,050 --> 00:29:41,650
the Italian government
quarantined 16 million people

331
00:29:41,650 --> 00:29:43,370
across northern Italy...

332
00:29:44,890 --> 00:29:50,090
..including Salvatore
and his family in Bergamo.

333
00:29:51,370 --> 00:29:52,930
TRANSLATION

334
00:30:22,890 --> 00:30:26,810
By the middle of March,
the virus had officially claimed

335
00:30:26,810 --> 00:30:30,090
more victims in Italy than China.

336
00:30:40,010 --> 00:30:42,450
TRANSLATION

337
00:30:59,130 --> 00:31:02,970
While Salvatore was keeping
his business afloat,

338
00:31:02,970 --> 00:31:05,850
his parents were helping to look
after the children.

339
00:31:09,370 --> 00:31:11,930
TRANSLATION

340
00:31:36,970 --> 00:31:41,210
One by one, his wife
and parents fell ill.

341
00:31:41,210 --> 00:31:46,330
They suspected COVID-19,
but no tests were available.

342
00:31:46,330 --> 00:31:50,490
His father, Giuseppe,
was in the worst condition.

343
00:32:16,330 --> 00:32:20,050
With no doctors available,
Claudia called a helpline.

344
00:32:20,050 --> 00:32:24,530
But Salvatore's father was assessed
not to need urgent care.

345
00:32:39,890 --> 00:32:42,690
SIREN

346
00:32:42,690 --> 00:32:46,730
Eventually,
they borrowed an oxygen meter.

347
00:32:46,730 --> 00:32:50,610
Salvatore's father's levels
were dangerously low.

348
00:32:50,610 --> 00:32:53,970
Finally, they were able
to get an ambulance.

349
00:34:26,650 --> 00:34:31,010
The Italian health system
was clearly overwhelmed.

350
00:34:31,010 --> 00:34:33,530
I guess it was at that point
I thought,

351
00:34:33,530 --> 00:34:36,490
"This could really get nasty."

352
00:34:37,610 --> 00:34:40,410
We, in the UK,
and the rest of the world,

353
00:34:40,410 --> 00:34:44,050
were going to have
a very serious problem on our hands.

354
00:34:45,650 --> 00:34:49,410
In the UK, the government in London
was confident

355
00:34:49,410 --> 00:34:51,210
it could manage the virus.

356
00:34:52,810 --> 00:34:55,890
And I have no doubt at all,
with our ability to test

357
00:34:55,890 --> 00:34:58,290
and to survey the spread
of the disease,

358
00:34:58,290 --> 00:35:02,290
that this country is going
to get through coronavirus.

359
00:35:02,290 --> 00:35:05,570
No doubt at all.
And get through it in good shape.

360
00:35:08,810 --> 00:35:11,730
The Prime Minister
and his government were unaware

361
00:35:11,730 --> 00:35:16,090
of how rapidly the virus
was spreading across the country.

362
00:35:16,090 --> 00:35:20,370
Half-term travel and skiing
had done much of the damage.

363
00:35:20,370 --> 00:35:22,290
They had something like

364
00:35:22,290 --> 00:35:25,570
1,300 separate seeding events
all across the UK.

365
00:35:25,570 --> 00:35:27,850
And that was driven
by half-term travel.

366
00:35:27,850 --> 00:35:30,850
And not just in Britain, but across
Europe, a lot of half-term travel

367
00:35:30,850 --> 00:35:33,850
and skiing and stuff.
Once you have that,

368
00:35:33,850 --> 00:35:36,450
then containment becomes
extremely difficult.

369
00:35:38,890 --> 00:35:43,210
On March 12th, a day after
the global pandemic was declared,

370
00:35:43,210 --> 00:35:45,570
the British government
officially stopped trying

371
00:35:45,570 --> 00:35:49,890
to track the outbreak
across the country,

372
00:35:49,890 --> 00:35:55,170
to focus the 1,500 daily
available tests on hospitals.

373
00:35:56,450 --> 00:36:01,330
Community testing of individuals,
which hadn't been very successful,

374
00:36:01,330 --> 00:36:04,370
and the contact tracing was stopped,

375
00:36:04,370 --> 00:36:08,690
because we didn't have the capacity
to do that.

376
00:36:08,690 --> 00:36:10,890
We were then flying blind.

377
00:36:10,890 --> 00:36:13,450
And you had no idea
where it was spreading fastest

378
00:36:13,450 --> 00:36:15,050
and how it was spreading fastest.

379
00:36:17,770 --> 00:36:22,010
And then, just under a week
before the first UK lockdown,

380
00:36:22,010 --> 00:36:24,730
the London government
ordered the discharge of patients

381
00:36:24,730 --> 00:36:28,530
from hospitals to protect the NHS.

382
00:36:28,530 --> 00:36:30,250
Within a month,

383
00:36:30,250 --> 00:36:34,890
25,000 patients were discharged
into care homes.

384
00:36:34,890 --> 00:36:37,890
There was no mandatory testing.

385
00:36:40,010 --> 00:36:43,210
If we had been learning the lessons
from Italy,

386
00:36:43,210 --> 00:36:46,970
one of them would have been
the risk to people in care homes.

387
00:36:46,970 --> 00:36:49,450
What's called
institutional amplifiers.

388
00:36:49,450 --> 00:36:51,130
Situations in which,

389
00:36:51,130 --> 00:36:54,890
once the disease gets into
a community, it spreads rapidly

390
00:36:54,890 --> 00:36:58,490
and then spreads both within
those communities and outside.

391
00:36:58,490 --> 00:37:04,290
Most vulnerable to this disease
are the elderly in care homes.

392
00:37:05,730 --> 00:37:09,130
The care home element of our plan
is incredibly important.

393
00:37:10,250 --> 00:37:11,930
The most important task

394
00:37:11,930 --> 00:37:15,930
will be to protect our elderly
and most vulnerable people

395
00:37:15,930 --> 00:37:18,770
during the peak weeks.

396
00:37:24,210 --> 00:37:27,210
Finally, on March 23rd,

397
00:37:27,210 --> 00:37:30,610
the UK became the last
of the European nations

398
00:37:30,610 --> 00:37:34,490
facing a major outbreak
to lock down.

399
00:37:42,690 --> 00:37:46,930
The government at the time
were telling us we'll be OK.

400
00:37:48,130 --> 00:37:50,730
We're British, we've got the NHS.

401
00:37:52,290 --> 00:37:55,250
They're ready for this
and we'll be OK.

402
00:37:56,410 --> 00:37:59,970
Charlie Williams was following
the developing COVID crisis,

403
00:37:59,970 --> 00:38:03,130
whilst keeping an eye
on family close by.

404
00:38:04,250 --> 00:38:07,570
My father was in a care home
at the time.

405
00:38:08,890 --> 00:38:11,410
Therefore...

406
00:38:11,410 --> 00:38:17,890
you and me have this moment forever.

407
00:38:17,890 --> 00:38:23,370
And it didn't really strike me
that my father would be at risk.

408
00:38:23,370 --> 00:38:25,850
Ever again.

409
00:38:27,090 --> 00:38:31,970
If anything, I thought my father
would be probably even more safe,

410
00:38:31,970 --> 00:38:33,410
in his care home.

411
00:38:40,090 --> 00:38:43,610
But, as we know, erm...

412
00:38:43,610 --> 00:38:47,610
things spiralled very much
out of control.

413
00:38:49,170 --> 00:38:51,170
CHARLIE BEHIND CAMERA:
Sing me a next one.

414
00:38:51,170 --> 00:38:53,330
What is it, Nat King Cole, is it?
Yeah.

415
00:38:53,330 --> 00:38:54,810
Yeah. Sing me another one.

416
00:38:58,770 --> 00:39:02,290
My father was very happy-go-lucky.

417
00:39:02,290 --> 00:39:05,610
Never walked past anyone
without saying hello.

418
00:39:08,890 --> 00:39:13,330
Came over as part
of the Windrush generation.

419
00:39:13,330 --> 00:39:16,770
My father was a manager
at a plastics firm

420
00:39:16,770 --> 00:39:21,570
and this was one of their events
that they'd done.

421
00:39:23,610 --> 00:39:27,490
On 2nd April, Public Health England
issued guidance

422
00:39:27,490 --> 00:39:29,490
for care homes taking in patients,

423
00:39:29,490 --> 00:39:34,210
making clear negative COVID tests
were not required beforehand.

424
00:39:36,410 --> 00:39:39,930
In mid-April, Charlie learned
his father was ill.

425
00:39:41,250 --> 00:39:42,650
I asked the care home,

426
00:39:42,650 --> 00:39:46,490
"Is there anyone with COVID-19
in my father's care home?"

427
00:39:46,490 --> 00:39:48,250
And they said no.

428
00:39:48,250 --> 00:39:51,330
But they've transformed
the first floor

429
00:39:51,330 --> 00:39:53,610
into an isolation unit,

430
00:39:53,610 --> 00:39:57,930
and they're receiving patients
from a local hospital,

431
00:39:57,930 --> 00:40:02,370
to come to their care home
to isolate for 14 days.

432
00:40:02,370 --> 00:40:05,170
Well, of course,
we were absolutely shocked.

433
00:40:07,210 --> 00:40:10,450
I knew one of the staff members
there.

434
00:40:10,450 --> 00:40:16,050
And she said she was scared
for her life, basically.

435
00:40:16,050 --> 00:40:19,410
Erm... cos they didn't have no PPE.

436
00:40:19,410 --> 00:40:24,650
And they're cross-contaminating,
mixing the isolation staff

437
00:40:24,650 --> 00:40:26,010
and the regular staff.

438
00:40:27,450 --> 00:40:30,610
Which, you know,
I was just totally shocked by.

439
00:40:33,210 --> 00:40:36,930
A doctor then went
to see his father.

440
00:40:36,930 --> 00:40:41,890
This is the audio that I recorded,
erm...

441
00:40:41,890 --> 00:40:43,690
when I called up the doctor

442
00:40:43,690 --> 00:40:47,130
after she'd been to see my father
in the care home.

443
00:40:48,650 --> 00:40:51,250
'If my dad passes tonight,
for example,

444
00:40:51,250 --> 00:40:55,410
'what would be put
on his death certificate?'

445
00:41:01,050 --> 00:41:07,130
'I'm just struggling to see
the solid connection to the virus.'

446
00:41:07,130 --> 00:41:10,770
'Well, it's based on symptoms,
and the symptoms are there.

447
00:41:10,770 --> 00:41:13,650
'And, unfortunately,
I don't know if you know,

448
00:41:13,650 --> 00:41:15,610
'they have patients with the virus
in the home.'

449
00:41:18,370 --> 00:41:22,850
That was the first time
I had concrete confirmation

450
00:41:22,850 --> 00:41:27,690
that there are in fact COVID-19
patients in my father's care home.

451
00:41:27,690 --> 00:41:29,570
Just...

452
00:41:29,570 --> 00:41:33,290
knocked me off my feet.
I couldn't believe what she told me.

453
00:41:37,770 --> 00:41:40,570
Charlie's father died
shortly afterwards.

454
00:41:40,570 --> 00:41:43,130
SCATTERED APPLAUSE

455
00:41:43,130 --> 00:41:46,810
He couldn't get a COVID test
when he was alive,

456
00:41:46,810 --> 00:41:50,410
but did test positive
during the postmortem.

457
00:41:53,690 --> 00:41:58,330
Complete neglect by this government,
of the highest order.

458
00:41:58,330 --> 00:42:03,290
It's devastating to lose my father

459
00:42:03,290 --> 00:42:05,530
under these circumstances.

460
00:42:08,570 --> 00:42:14,610
If it wasn't for
these absolutely shameless orders

461
00:42:14,610 --> 00:42:17,610
from our government,
to introduce patients

462
00:42:17,610 --> 00:42:21,490
into his care home, my father
would still be alive today.

463
00:42:24,490 --> 00:42:27,810
The care home says it followed
all COVID guidelines

464
00:42:27,810 --> 00:42:30,370
and the isolation unit
was set up for residents

465
00:42:30,370 --> 00:42:35,290
who developed COVID symptoms, not
for recovering hospital patients.

466
00:42:36,730 --> 00:42:39,970
It says all steps were taken
to avoid cross-infection

467
00:42:39,970 --> 00:42:41,330
and families were notified

468
00:42:41,330 --> 00:42:44,130
about the possibility
of COVID in the home,

469
00:42:44,130 --> 00:42:45,690
following the GP's visit.

470
00:42:51,010 --> 00:42:55,370
Globally, hundreds of thousands
of care home residents would die,

471
00:42:55,370 --> 00:42:58,970
including an estimated
5% of those in Britain,

472
00:42:58,970 --> 00:43:02,370
during the virus' first wave.

473
00:43:02,370 --> 00:43:06,570
But by now, COVID-19 had also found
more fertile ground

474
00:43:06,570 --> 00:43:08,650
across the Atlantic.

475
00:43:08,650 --> 00:43:12,010
We are ready. We are ready.
Totally ready.

476
00:43:18,420 --> 00:43:20,260
CHEERING

477
00:43:20,260 --> 00:43:22,900
But I say...
So, let's get this right.

478
00:43:22,900 --> 00:43:25,380
A virus starts in China,

479
00:43:25,380 --> 00:43:29,380
bleeds its way into various
countries all around the world.

480
00:43:29,380 --> 00:43:32,380
Doesn't spread widely at all
in the United States,

481
00:43:32,380 --> 00:43:37,820
because of the early actions that
myself and my administration took.

482
00:43:37,820 --> 00:43:39,940
Could have been
a whole different story.

483
00:43:41,540 --> 00:43:43,740
SIREN

484
00:43:43,740 --> 00:43:48,460
It did, indeed, turn out to be
a whole different story.

485
00:43:50,100 --> 00:43:52,420
MAN BEHIND CAMERA: This is for real.

486
00:43:52,420 --> 00:43:54,220
This is... Look at the hospital,

487
00:43:54,220 --> 00:43:57,980
they're putting bodies in the back
of a freezer truck, y'all.

488
00:43:59,540 --> 00:44:01,700
TEARFULLY: This is for real, y'all!

489
00:44:03,100 --> 00:44:04,580
SIREN

490
00:44:04,580 --> 00:44:07,940
Most Chinese nationals
were barred from the US,

491
00:44:07,940 --> 00:44:12,300
but not Europeans, who ended up
bringing the virus to New York.

492
00:44:13,980 --> 00:44:17,980
Less than a month
after President Trump's boast,

493
00:44:17,980 --> 00:44:22,620
the city locked down,
its morgues overwhelmed.

494
00:44:30,140 --> 00:44:32,940
But the virus was also
spreading fast,

495
00:44:32,940 --> 00:44:37,700
again, largely undetected,
elsewhere in the US.

496
00:44:38,980 --> 00:44:41,980
Nowhere more than here,
in Louisiana.

497
00:44:43,060 --> 00:44:46,260
JAZZY MUSIC,
HE SINGS

498
00:44:46,260 --> 00:44:50,260
Then, the growth rate in this state,
terrifyingly,

499
00:44:50,260 --> 00:44:52,020
became the fastest in the world.

500
00:45:13,220 --> 00:45:17,620
Glen David Andrews is a renowned
New Orleans jazz musician.

501
00:45:18,740 --> 00:45:22,940
When the music venues closed down,
he found work elsewhere,

502
00:45:22,940 --> 00:45:25,060
thanks to the pandemic.

503
00:45:26,100 --> 00:45:28,860
I did about 22 funerals.

504
00:45:28,860 --> 00:45:32,380
Look how sad this is.
This man in the hearse.

505
00:45:32,380 --> 00:45:34,180
Nobody, nothing.

506
00:45:34,180 --> 00:45:37,140
And the hearse is just gonna
pull off by itself.

507
00:45:37,140 --> 00:45:38,940
TROMBONE PLAYS

508
00:45:38,940 --> 00:45:43,260
When you would normally have
500 people dancing,

509
00:45:43,260 --> 00:45:45,860
sending him off
to upstairs, downstairs,

510
00:45:45,860 --> 00:45:48,220
wherever the hell he's going,
he's going somewhere!

511
00:45:48,220 --> 00:45:49,940
TROMBONE PLAYS

512
00:45:49,940 --> 00:45:54,180
And I'm the only musician
sending this man off.

513
00:46:03,180 --> 00:46:08,060
So far, we have lost nobody
to coronavirus

514
00:46:08,060 --> 00:46:10,260
in the United States.

515
00:46:10,260 --> 00:46:12,460
CHEERING

516
00:46:12,460 --> 00:46:14,780
Nobody.

517
00:46:14,780 --> 00:46:18,100
Just before President Trump
was on the campaign trail,

518
00:46:18,100 --> 00:46:21,220
the seeds of New Orleans's fate
had been sown.

519
00:46:23,580 --> 00:46:26,540
The city had just finished
hosting one of the biggest

520
00:46:26,540 --> 00:46:28,180
and longest parties in the world.

521
00:46:30,580 --> 00:46:33,140
You've got half a million people
who live here

522
00:46:33,140 --> 00:46:34,500
and they spread it.

523
00:46:34,500 --> 00:46:37,500
And all those people didn't
go just through America,

524
00:46:37,500 --> 00:46:40,340
they went back all over the world.

525
00:46:40,340 --> 00:46:43,940
The Mardi Gras
was the perfect spread.

526
00:46:43,940 --> 00:46:46,300
It was like free publicity
for a germ.

527
00:46:54,820 --> 00:46:57,180
I remember the crowds
were really big

528
00:46:57,180 --> 00:46:59,020
in Mardi Gras this past year.

529
00:47:04,020 --> 00:47:06,060
The weather was nice.

530
00:47:06,060 --> 00:47:08,620
The streets were packed.

531
00:47:10,460 --> 00:47:11,660
It was a time

532
00:47:11,660 --> 00:47:15,620
when there was abundant opportunity
for transmission

533
00:47:15,620 --> 00:47:18,460
without people ever realising
it's happened.

534
00:47:18,460 --> 00:47:20,860
# It's Mardi Gras time. #

535
00:47:22,420 --> 00:47:25,700
The reason Mardi Gras
functioned as a super-spreader event

536
00:47:25,700 --> 00:47:29,580
is that there are opportunities
for multiple people present

537
00:47:29,580 --> 00:47:32,420
who were infected with coronavirus

538
00:47:32,420 --> 00:47:35,580
to be interacting
with hundreds of people one day,

539
00:47:35,580 --> 00:47:38,180
and different hundreds of people
another day.

540
00:47:38,180 --> 00:47:41,940
And yet another different hundreds
of people the subsequent day.

541
00:47:46,380 --> 00:47:50,100
It just provides
an incredibly efficient way

542
00:47:50,100 --> 00:47:52,220
for this virus to spread.

543
00:47:54,780 --> 00:47:57,700
Research has shown
that super-spreader events

544
00:47:57,700 --> 00:48:01,900
have played a huge role
in the global spread of COVID-19.

545
00:48:04,700 --> 00:48:06,700
It goes through air, Bob.

546
00:48:06,700 --> 00:48:09,860
You just breathe the air,
that's how it's passed.

547
00:48:09,860 --> 00:48:12,060
So that's a very tricky one.

548
00:48:12,060 --> 00:48:16,660
It later transpired
that before Mardi Gras,

549
00:48:16,660 --> 00:48:21,340
President Trump received a warning
from his national security adviser

550
00:48:21,340 --> 00:48:26,220
that COVID-19 was the greatest
threat of his presidency.

551
00:48:27,580 --> 00:48:31,940
It's also more deadly
than even your strenuous flus.

552
00:48:34,020 --> 00:48:36,580
This is deadly stuff.

553
00:48:37,780 --> 00:48:41,980
The president knew far more
than he acknowledged

554
00:48:41,980 --> 00:48:43,900
from the very earliest days.

555
00:48:45,180 --> 00:48:48,460
We would not have had Mardi Gras,
I am confident,

556
00:48:48,460 --> 00:48:51,980
if that had been known
and communicated

557
00:48:51,980 --> 00:48:53,740
the way it should have been,

558
00:48:53,740 --> 00:48:56,620
or would normally have been,
communicated.

559
00:49:01,220 --> 00:49:03,340
DIXIE MUSIC PLAYS

560
00:49:06,060 --> 00:49:09,660
Many of Glen's friends,
including Kazanda Millon,

561
00:49:09,660 --> 00:49:12,540
attended some of the Mardi Gras
celebrations.

562
00:49:13,780 --> 00:49:17,580
Kazanda, she's a cool person.
Like, overall, solid.

563
00:49:19,660 --> 00:49:22,860
Kazanda went
to a traditional Mardi Gras parade

564
00:49:22,860 --> 00:49:24,660
with her mother, Nelda.

565
00:49:26,260 --> 00:49:30,540
Mardi Gras was one of her
favourite holidays

566
00:49:30,540 --> 00:49:36,740
because we were born and raised
in the culture of Mardi Gras.

567
00:49:38,460 --> 00:49:42,300
TRUMPET SOLO

568
00:49:44,140 --> 00:49:46,940
We were walking around
and nobody has masks on

569
00:49:46,940 --> 00:49:49,260
because we wasn't warned
of anything.

570
00:49:53,060 --> 00:49:56,740
Not us, not New Orleans,
we was not warned at all.

571
00:50:04,820 --> 00:50:08,380
New Orleans locked down
on the 20th of March.

572
00:50:12,020 --> 00:50:13,980
Kazanda's mother, Nelda,

573
00:50:13,980 --> 00:50:18,140
who worked in a government
welfare office, was already sick.

574
00:50:20,540 --> 00:50:25,220
The colour of her skin could have
contributed to her fate.

575
00:50:25,220 --> 00:50:28,700
African Americans
often don't have the same access

576
00:50:28,700 --> 00:50:32,380
to primary medical care
and are more likely to be in jobs

577
00:50:32,380 --> 00:50:35,540
that disproportionately expose them
to the virus.

578
00:50:36,860 --> 00:50:40,780
I do think that she was let down
or she slipped through the cracks.

579
00:50:42,820 --> 00:50:46,100
She was lively.
She was up. She was...

580
00:50:47,140 --> 00:50:49,420
..probably more lively than me
and I'm 28 years old.

581
00:50:52,620 --> 00:50:55,300
So when you first brought her
to urgent care... Yes.

582
00:50:55,300 --> 00:50:58,460
..um, she was just diagnosed
with pneumonia,

583
00:50:58,460 --> 00:51:00,660
was told to go back home.

584
00:51:00,660 --> 00:51:03,620
And after she went there,
she started kind of declining.

585
00:51:03,620 --> 00:51:07,260
If she would have been
admitted sooner,

586
00:51:07,260 --> 00:51:10,060
I feel like the outcome
would have been different.

587
00:51:12,020 --> 00:51:14,820
Kazanda's mother
was admitted to a hospital

588
00:51:14,820 --> 00:51:18,100
nine days after
first seeking medical treatment.

589
00:51:19,580 --> 00:51:22,260
If she was not African American,

590
00:51:22,260 --> 00:51:25,580
I think she would have got
better services

591
00:51:25,580 --> 00:51:28,940
throughout wherever
she would have went.

592
00:51:35,580 --> 00:51:38,380
Black Americans are dying of COVID

593
00:51:38,380 --> 00:51:41,980
at a rate three times that
of white Americans.

594
00:51:50,180 --> 00:51:55,340
One of the saddest parts of COVID-19
is that the pandemic

595
00:51:55,340 --> 00:51:59,100
has really affected
the disadvantaged

596
00:51:59,100 --> 00:52:02,460
in whatever environment it is,
whichever country it is.

597
00:52:06,260 --> 00:52:10,500
By early April,
New Orleans' coronavirus death rate

598
00:52:10,500 --> 00:52:12,860
was nearly three times
that of New York,

599
00:52:12,860 --> 00:52:16,820
with a population 20 times smaller.

600
00:52:21,540 --> 00:52:24,820
To be honest with you...
Sure, I want you to be.

601
00:52:24,820 --> 00:52:27,540
..I wanted to always play it down.

602
00:52:28,660 --> 00:52:31,060
I still like playing it down.
Yes.

603
00:52:31,060 --> 00:52:33,660
Because I don't want
to create a panic.

604
00:52:45,370 --> 00:52:47,850
MUSIC PLAYS

605
00:52:58,290 --> 00:53:04,810
In April, Wuhan was released
from a strict 76-day lockdown.

606
00:53:04,810 --> 00:53:08,610
It is almost ironic that China,
where this disease started in Wuhan,

607
00:53:08,610 --> 00:53:11,130
has had far fewer deaths

608
00:53:11,130 --> 00:53:14,730
than many other countries,
particularly in the West.

609
00:53:16,170 --> 00:53:19,530
By the spring,
new outbreaks in China

610
00:53:19,530 --> 00:53:21,730
were being ruthlessly dealt with.

611
00:53:21,730 --> 00:53:24,810
Suddenly, there is one million
or ten million tests, even,

612
00:53:24,810 --> 00:53:28,770
to find out what's going on,
isolate it and subdue it.

613
00:53:28,770 --> 00:53:31,650
And the consequence of that
is less deaths

614
00:53:31,650 --> 00:53:35,050
and the opening up of the economy
more rapidly.

615
00:53:37,090 --> 00:53:40,130
Having covered up the truth
back in January,

616
00:53:40,130 --> 00:53:43,770
China was now being praised
for helping scientists worldwide

617
00:53:43,770 --> 00:53:45,330
respond to the pandemic.

618
00:53:45,330 --> 00:53:49,010
The fact that Chinese scientists

619
00:53:49,010 --> 00:53:50,730
had sequenced the genome

620
00:53:50,730 --> 00:53:56,490
and made that available early on
was a statement of collaboration.

621
00:53:59,090 --> 00:54:02,730
And, in fact, allowed
diagnostic tests to be developed,

622
00:54:02,730 --> 00:54:07,090
allowed vaccines to be developed
and that's to be applauded.

623
00:54:11,450 --> 00:54:13,210
TRANSLATION

624
00:54:32,050 --> 00:54:36,770
'Welcome to Wuhan space crowd.'

625
00:54:36,770 --> 00:54:39,530
# Ba-ba-ba-ba-ba
Ba-ba-ba-ba-baa. #

626
00:54:39,530 --> 00:54:41,290
Three, two, one, go!

627
00:54:41,290 --> 00:54:42,930
DANCE MUSIC PLAYS

628
00:54:42,930 --> 00:54:47,010
As China opened up,
and its economy roared back to life,

629
00:54:47,010 --> 00:54:50,250
and as the search for a vaccine
progressed around the world,

630
00:54:50,250 --> 00:54:54,210
the virus was finding
new places to thrive.

631
00:55:09,650 --> 00:55:12,530
TRANSLATION

632
00:55:18,650 --> 00:55:21,690
The death toll started
rising dramatically,

633
00:55:21,690 --> 00:55:23,770
doubling in two months

634
00:55:23,770 --> 00:55:26,810
as it reached some of the
most vulnerable on the planet.

635
00:55:33,290 --> 00:55:35,650
Nobody is immune from this disease.

636
00:55:35,650 --> 00:55:39,650
The political and the economic elite
have been affected, too.

637
00:55:39,650 --> 00:55:40,970
But they are often

638
00:55:40,970 --> 00:55:43,890
moving it
from one country to another.

639
00:55:43,890 --> 00:55:46,370
And then spreading to the poor
in their countries.

640
00:55:49,210 --> 00:55:50,850
By the summer of 2020,

641
00:55:50,850 --> 00:55:55,170
the virus was spreading
most rapidly in South America...

642
00:55:56,730 --> 00:55:59,570
..in a way
not fully understood before.

643
00:56:04,410 --> 00:56:06,290
There has been this debate

644
00:56:06,290 --> 00:56:11,330
about the degree to which virus
can be airborne -

645
00:56:12,570 --> 00:56:15,330
"I will breathe it out
and infect you" -

646
00:56:15,330 --> 00:56:17,450
versus "it is on surfaces".

647
00:56:19,330 --> 00:56:22,130
The research has started to suggest

648
00:56:22,130 --> 00:56:24,650
that airborne spread
is more important.

649
00:56:26,850 --> 00:56:30,690
In South America,
as in some other parts of the world,

650
00:56:30,690 --> 00:56:32,610
you've got people
living on top of each other,

651
00:56:33,730 --> 00:56:36,770
often with poor ventilation indoors.

652
00:56:38,450 --> 00:56:41,170
This is just the perfect situation

653
00:56:41,170 --> 00:56:43,410
for rapid transmission
of the infection.

654
00:56:45,010 --> 00:56:47,930
Though Brazil says
it spent £9 billion

655
00:56:47,930 --> 00:56:52,490
on its COVID health response,
targeting care in poor areas,

656
00:56:52,490 --> 00:56:53,850
like Trump,

657
00:56:53,850 --> 00:56:58,610
the country's president has been
undermining health campaigns.

658
00:56:58,610 --> 00:57:01,210
TRANSLATION

659
00:57:25,610 --> 00:57:27,890
Michelle has lived in this favela,

660
00:57:27,890 --> 00:57:30,090
a poor neighbourhood
of Rio de Janeiro,

661
00:57:30,090 --> 00:57:32,930
for the past three decades.

662
00:57:35,210 --> 00:57:38,370
TRANSLATION

663
00:57:49,690 --> 00:57:53,330
Aged 42, Michelle's husband, Fabio,

664
00:57:53,330 --> 00:57:57,210
had to keep working as a truck
driver to support his family.

665
00:57:57,210 --> 00:58:01,490
# Just to hear you breathing. #

666
00:58:17,370 --> 00:58:21,570
In April, Fabio left
the favela in Rio on a job.

667
00:58:23,250 --> 00:58:26,530
TRANSLATION

668
00:58:33,090 --> 00:58:34,530
He struggled home

669
00:58:34,530 --> 00:58:38,970
and was taken to an ill-equipped,
overcrowded hospital.

670
00:58:43,250 --> 00:58:47,050
TRANSLATION

671
00:59:07,210 --> 00:59:09,410
Michelle trained as a nurse

672
00:59:09,410 --> 00:59:12,330
and thinks he might have got
better care at home.

673
00:59:41,770 --> 00:59:46,010
Fabio's mother was on a different
floor in the same hospital

674
00:59:46,010 --> 00:59:50,690
when she, too,
died from COVID-19 days earlier.

675
00:59:50,690 --> 00:59:53,530
His uncle was also
a victim of the virus.

676
01:00:15,210 --> 01:00:18,810
By June, as the death toll
was rising in South America,

677
01:00:18,810 --> 01:00:20,650
the UK and Europe

678
01:00:20,650 --> 01:00:24,810
were gradually easing restrictions
after the first lockdowns.

679
01:00:26,570 --> 01:00:30,130
The hope was that this would help
stem the effect

680
01:00:30,130 --> 01:00:32,970
of an unprecedented economic slump.

681
01:00:32,970 --> 01:00:34,690
A growing confidence

682
01:00:34,690 --> 01:00:38,530
that we will have a test,
track and trace operation

683
01:00:38,530 --> 01:00:40,770
that will be world-beating,

684
01:00:40,770 --> 01:00:44,370
and, yes, it will be in place,
it will be in place

685
01:00:44,370 --> 01:00:46,930
by June 1st.

686
01:00:46,930 --> 01:00:51,210
I can announce today
that for the month of August,

687
01:00:51,210 --> 01:00:53,410
we will give everyone in the country

688
01:00:53,410 --> 01:00:56,770
an Eat Out To Help Out discount.

689
01:00:58,290 --> 01:01:00,050
We could rephrase that,

690
01:01:00,050 --> 01:01:01,850
"Eat Out To Help Out The Virus",
actually.

691
01:01:03,530 --> 01:01:07,850
That Eat Out To Help Out campaign
led to further spread.

692
01:01:09,370 --> 01:01:11,690
Europe, and including Britain,

693
01:01:11,690 --> 01:01:13,330
opened its gates and said,
let's travel.

694
01:01:13,330 --> 01:01:14,810
They tried to recover the economy.

695
01:01:14,810 --> 01:01:19,410
Let's get what we can out of the
summer. Everyone started travelling.

696
01:01:19,410 --> 01:01:23,370
It's frustrating, cos we did
get down to pretty low levels.

697
01:01:23,370 --> 01:01:25,650
And if we had just been
a bit slower...

698
01:01:25,650 --> 01:01:30,330
We could, maybe, have got down,
you know, really, really low.

699
01:01:30,330 --> 01:01:35,370
At the time of the end of lockdown,
in July 2020,

700
01:01:35,370 --> 01:01:37,330
we needed an environment

701
01:01:37,330 --> 01:01:41,570
and an infrastructure
that would keep infections down.

702
01:01:41,570 --> 01:01:45,130
And the Test and Trace system
was completely failing.

703
01:01:59,450 --> 01:02:03,730
I have thousands of photos.
These are when we went to Poland.

704
01:02:03,730 --> 01:02:06,930
I was having an eye
on all of the lifeguards,

705
01:02:06,930 --> 01:02:10,290
so he decided to climb up
and show me what I was missing.

706
01:02:12,090 --> 01:02:14,210
But it really tells you
who this man was.

707
01:02:15,890 --> 01:02:18,690
Bob Pape, a 53-year-old lawyer,

708
01:02:18,690 --> 01:02:22,090
had been together
with Amanda for 11 years.

709
01:02:23,610 --> 01:02:25,850
As you can see
from that photo there,

710
01:02:25,850 --> 01:02:28,650
always wearing a Hawaiian shirt
every day,

711
01:02:28,650 --> 01:02:30,570
except when he was in court.

712
01:02:30,570 --> 01:02:32,770
In court was probably
when he was happiest,

713
01:02:32,770 --> 01:02:35,890
but second to that was probably
when he was in nature.

714
01:02:38,730 --> 01:02:41,490
'Bob, it is really going to break,
you muppet.'

715
01:02:41,490 --> 01:02:43,610
AMANDA LAUGHS

716
01:02:44,610 --> 01:02:46,970
Bob and Amanda loved to travel.

717
01:02:46,970 --> 01:02:49,410
But when the first lockdown ended,

718
01:02:49,410 --> 01:02:53,090
they decided to take
a break in England.

719
01:02:53,090 --> 01:02:55,690
Not overseas.

720
01:02:57,370 --> 01:03:00,250
Bob said that the government
wouldn't allow us to travel

721
01:03:00,250 --> 01:03:02,930
if it wasn't safe.

722
01:03:02,930 --> 01:03:07,730
I really thought it was way too soon
to let people do things.

723
01:03:07,730 --> 01:03:09,370
I thought it was nuts.

724
01:03:09,370 --> 01:03:12,170
It was Bob who desperately
wanted to go away.

725
01:03:13,970 --> 01:03:17,290
They took a trip
to the West Midlands.

726
01:03:17,290 --> 01:03:19,970
I should have turned round to Bob
before we went,

727
01:03:19,970 --> 01:03:22,290
and I should have said,
"We're not going."

728
01:03:24,170 --> 01:03:26,010
You want a cup of tea, Jazzy?

729
01:03:26,010 --> 01:03:27,490
No, I'm fine, thank you.
Good.

730
01:03:28,850 --> 01:03:31,970
Amanda's daughter Yasmine,
Bob's stepdaughter,

731
01:03:31,970 --> 01:03:34,170
was also on the trip.

732
01:03:34,170 --> 01:03:36,890
We did participate in
the Eat Out to Help Out scheme.

733
01:03:36,890 --> 01:03:38,450
Erm...

734
01:03:38,450 --> 01:03:42,250
I think that may have contributed
to the spread of coronavirus.

735
01:03:42,250 --> 01:03:44,090
This bit's not cooked.
Yes.

736
01:03:44,090 --> 01:03:45,690
Not nice if it's not cooked.

737
01:03:45,690 --> 01:03:49,490
Then shortly after returning home,
they all fell sick.

738
01:03:49,490 --> 01:03:51,810
That's ready.

739
01:03:51,810 --> 01:03:56,890
They tested positive, and expected
Track and Trace to get in touch.

740
01:03:56,890 --> 01:04:00,090
Track and Trace,
if it was efficiently executed...

741
01:04:02,170 --> 01:04:04,690
..it could have prevented Bob
from getting infected,

742
01:04:04,690 --> 01:04:06,930
and... I can imagine
it could have prevented

743
01:04:06,930 --> 01:04:10,970
many people from getting infected.

744
01:04:10,970 --> 01:04:13,010
Track and Trace didn't call

745
01:04:13,010 --> 01:04:16,650
until nine days after
they had tested positive.

746
01:04:16,650 --> 01:04:18,850
Bob never even got traced at all.

747
01:04:18,850 --> 01:04:21,250
He could have been going out
spreading it everywhere.

748
01:04:23,850 --> 01:04:25,810
Bob was admitted to hospital,

749
01:04:25,810 --> 01:04:30,050
but discharged when a doctor thought
it was safe to do so.

750
01:04:30,050 --> 01:04:32,730
But he was still sick.

751
01:04:34,290 --> 01:04:37,890
I tried to speak to him
and tell him how much I loved him,

752
01:04:37,890 --> 01:04:41,890
and that I would make him proud
with my uni.

753
01:04:41,890 --> 01:04:44,690
And he was just saying
that he would always be proud.

754
01:04:44,690 --> 01:04:49,090
And then I left the room and...

755
01:04:49,090 --> 01:04:52,530
never got to speak to him again.

756
01:05:04,290 --> 01:05:08,730
Bob was taken back into the hospital
and put on a ventilator.

757
01:05:10,090 --> 01:05:15,810
This is the video of just before
they turned off Bob's life support.

758
01:05:19,330 --> 01:05:22,930
He fought so hard and for so long.

759
01:05:33,090 --> 01:05:35,530
Bob died in late September,

760
01:05:35,530 --> 01:05:40,370
just as the virus was creating
many new victims across the UK.

761
01:05:40,370 --> 01:05:44,130
When September came and all of
these extra risk factors came in,

762
01:05:44,130 --> 01:05:46,330
of universities, schools,
going back to work

763
01:05:46,330 --> 01:05:48,570
and colder weather,
we broke our testing system.

764
01:05:48,570 --> 01:05:50,810
I mean, we're blind.

765
01:05:50,810 --> 01:05:53,450
We can't see where it's spreading,
we can't tell who's getting it,

766
01:05:53,450 --> 01:05:55,490
we can't tell how fast it's going.

767
01:05:55,490 --> 01:05:56,850
SIRENS

768
01:05:56,850 --> 01:05:59,770
Not surprisingly, a few weeks later,

769
01:05:59,770 --> 01:06:03,850
those infections in young adults
spread to the elderly,

770
01:06:03,850 --> 01:06:06,090
leading to more admissions
into hospital.

771
01:06:09,490 --> 01:06:11,850
All of this was predictable.

772
01:06:15,690 --> 01:06:17,970
Britain wasn't alone.

773
01:06:17,970 --> 01:06:20,050
Ten months into the outbreak,

774
01:06:20,050 --> 01:06:25,290
less then a quarter of countries
were succeeding in beating COVID-19.

775
01:06:26,930 --> 01:06:28,970
By the year's end,

776
01:06:28,970 --> 01:06:32,130
the virus across much
of the Western world was reigniting.

777
01:06:32,130 --> 01:06:37,850
And in some places, mutating
into even more infectious strains.

778
01:07:04,980 --> 01:07:06,860
We're now in 2021,

779
01:07:06,860 --> 01:07:11,700
a year after the first
identification of this virus.

780
01:07:11,700 --> 01:07:17,580
It has infected many millions
of people worldwide.

781
01:07:17,580 --> 01:07:19,380
High mortality.

782
01:07:19,380 --> 01:07:20,500
SIRENS

783
01:07:21,900 --> 01:07:24,860
The point of viruses
is to replicate themselves,

784
01:07:24,860 --> 01:07:26,900
to keep surviving.

785
01:07:26,900 --> 01:07:30,540
As it replicates more,
it can develop more mutations,

786
01:07:30,540 --> 01:07:32,220
continuing to evolve,

787
01:07:32,220 --> 01:07:35,380
to transmit even better
and better in humans.

788
01:07:36,660 --> 01:07:38,500
If we had an effective way

789
01:07:38,500 --> 01:07:41,860
of really, significantly,
reducing transmission,

790
01:07:41,860 --> 01:07:43,780
as has been done
in many countries in the world,

791
01:07:43,780 --> 01:07:45,860
then, of course, immediately,

792
01:07:45,860 --> 01:07:49,100
we reduce the risks
of these mutants emerging.

793
01:07:53,420 --> 01:07:55,100
Across the world,

794
01:07:55,100 --> 01:07:59,620
around 10,000 a day
are now dying from the virus,

795
01:07:59,620 --> 01:08:02,980
the overwhelming majority
in the Western world.

796
01:08:02,980 --> 01:08:07,220
What we perhaps learnt is
that there can be a conflict

797
01:08:07,220 --> 01:08:12,460
between the individual versus
your responsibility to society.

798
01:08:13,540 --> 01:08:16,300
And the ability for the East

799
01:08:16,300 --> 01:08:21,180
to have dealt better than the West
may be related to that.

800
01:08:21,180 --> 01:08:24,140
And the conflict
between individual and society

801
01:08:24,140 --> 01:08:27,420
is so well-illustrated
in the United States.

802
01:08:29,340 --> 01:08:32,500
The virus continues to kill
thousands each day

803
01:08:32,500 --> 01:08:35,340
in the world's richest nation.

804
01:08:36,420 --> 01:08:40,220
One victim made a heartfelt plea
to fellow Americans.

805
01:08:41,300 --> 01:08:45,300
Never in my life
did I ever think that I...

806
01:08:45,300 --> 01:08:50,500
would be fighting for my breath.

807
01:08:52,420 --> 01:08:55,300
Put your masks on!

808
01:08:56,460 --> 01:09:00,940
Don't go out if you don't have to.

809
01:09:03,580 --> 01:09:07,780
But despite the evidence of
the virus's continuing devastation,

810
01:09:07,780 --> 01:09:10,380
many are still in denial.

811
01:09:11,540 --> 01:09:13,740
In our church,
people vote with their feet,

812
01:09:13,740 --> 01:09:16,700
that's why this crowd keeps growing
every Sunday morning.

813
01:09:16,700 --> 01:09:18,380
It keeps growing
every Sunday morning.

814
01:09:18,380 --> 01:09:22,140
We're gonna stand with the church
that never closed.

815
01:09:22,140 --> 01:09:27,260
Pastor Tony Spell has kept his
church open throughout the pandemic,

816
01:09:27,260 --> 01:09:31,420
holding huge gatherings in defiance
of public health restrictions.

817
01:09:34,060 --> 01:09:37,260
So the civil liberties
that are being taken from us

818
01:09:37,260 --> 01:09:39,820
is people's livelihoods.

819
01:09:39,820 --> 01:09:43,340
Business owners in my church
have lost their businesses.

820
01:09:43,340 --> 01:09:46,220
Breadwinners in our church
have lost their jobs.

821
01:09:46,220 --> 01:09:49,900
I will fill my church
and the gates of hell

822
01:09:49,900 --> 01:09:52,780
shall not prevail against it!

823
01:09:53,940 --> 01:09:57,180
Masks dehumanise people.

824
01:09:59,060 --> 01:10:00,340
Show me the science.

825
01:10:00,340 --> 01:10:03,060
After six months of no masking
in our church,

826
01:10:03,060 --> 01:10:05,100
why aren't we all dead?

827
01:10:05,100 --> 01:10:07,900
Why isn't this Death Tabernacle,
instead of Life Tabernacle?

828
01:10:09,300 --> 01:10:10,500
I hear you.

829
01:10:19,980 --> 01:10:22,620
It's not gone well
in the United States.

830
01:10:22,620 --> 01:10:25,740
Failure in leadership
and the cult of the individual.

831
01:10:27,500 --> 01:10:30,740
The disease became
a political statement.

832
01:10:30,740 --> 01:10:33,700
We weren't actually seeing analysis

833
01:10:33,700 --> 01:10:37,580
of what you should do based on
science, knowledge and medicine,

834
01:10:37,580 --> 01:10:39,780
it was based on politics.

835
01:11:07,460 --> 01:11:09,900
The response to a pandemic

836
01:11:09,900 --> 01:11:13,820
is based around trust
and a collective will.

837
01:11:15,220 --> 01:11:20,300
Those countries that have done best
have been where people understand

838
01:11:20,300 --> 01:11:25,180
how they can act
to stop the virus spreading.

839
01:11:36,060 --> 01:11:42,100
Taiwan has really been the standout
success story in the pandemic.

840
01:11:42,100 --> 01:11:46,660
It was monitoring
what was happening in China,

841
01:11:46,660 --> 01:11:49,220
it closed its borders,

842
01:11:49,220 --> 01:11:54,300
it had a central control centre
that had been set up after SARS

843
01:11:54,300 --> 01:11:56,580
that could spring into action
very quickly.

844
01:11:58,100 --> 01:12:01,140
Taiwan has essentially been planning
for this pandemic

845
01:12:01,140 --> 01:12:03,620
for the last 20 years, at least.

846
01:12:16,020 --> 01:12:19,180
This is what we wanted to spend
our retirement doing,

847
01:12:19,180 --> 01:12:21,060
walking and visiting.

848
01:12:23,260 --> 01:12:27,220
Losing him at 53... it's not right.

849
01:12:30,700 --> 01:12:33,260
I can't even come here any more
and enjoy it.

850
01:12:34,460 --> 01:12:38,460
Too many memories. Much too raw.

851
01:12:38,460 --> 01:12:40,980
Not while people are still dying.

852
01:13:16,740 --> 01:13:20,020
We have vaccines coming down
the track.

853
01:13:20,020 --> 01:13:22,060
That's a great success.

854
01:13:22,060 --> 01:13:24,500
However, it comes with challenges.

855
01:13:24,500 --> 01:13:29,820
As long as there is COVID-19
circulating widely

856
01:13:29,820 --> 01:13:35,540
in any part of the world,
then we all remain at risk.

857
01:13:36,580 --> 01:13:40,620
Mutations develop
when a virus replicates,

858
01:13:40,620 --> 01:13:45,380
so we've got to limit
ongoing transmission.

859
01:13:45,380 --> 01:13:49,180
It is unclear whether the vaccines,
as they stand,

860
01:13:49,180 --> 01:13:52,740
will be sufficient
to develop herd immunity.

861
01:13:55,100 --> 01:13:58,740
It's looking like
we will be with this virus

862
01:13:58,740 --> 01:14:01,740
for a long, long time.

863
01:14:05,020 --> 01:14:09,020
The World Health Organisation
has launched an investigation

864
01:14:09,020 --> 01:14:12,060
into the origins of the virus.

865
01:14:12,060 --> 01:14:15,660
The link between animals and humans
will be key.

866
01:14:20,380 --> 01:14:23,500
China now denies
that the Wuhan seafood market,

867
01:14:23,500 --> 01:14:28,260
or a nearby government laboratory,
was the source of the outbreak,

868
01:14:28,260 --> 01:14:32,420
and suggests the virus could have
originated in another country.

869
01:14:49,860 --> 01:14:56,140
The way in which this coronavirus
became COVID-19,

870
01:14:56,140 --> 01:15:00,300
transmission from animals to humans
is going on all the time.

871
01:15:02,780 --> 01:15:08,180
Live animal trading around the world
that fosters this is continuing.

872
01:15:08,180 --> 01:15:09,980
And therefore,
we've got to expect...

873
01:15:13,140 --> 01:15:15,420
..that this will happen again.

874
01:15:15,420 --> 01:15:18,900
BATS SQUEAK

875
01:15:26,220 --> 01:15:29,100
Subtitles by accessibility@itv.com