1 00:00:02,333 --> 00:00:03,700 {\an7}SANJAYAN: WE'RE ALL FAMILIAR 2 00:00:03,733 --> 00:00:07,433 {\an8}WITH THE ICONIC AFRICAN WATERHOLE. 3 00:00:07,466 --> 00:00:09,733 {\an1}IN THE BAKING HEAT OF THE SAVANNA, 4 00:00:09,766 --> 00:00:12,200 {\an1}THEY LITERALLY TEEM WITH LIFE... 5 00:00:13,633 --> 00:00:15,500 BUT HOW DOES ONE ACTUALLY FUNCTION? 6 00:00:15,533 --> 00:00:17,133 [CHIRPING] 7 00:00:17,166 --> 00:00:20,266 {\an1}WHAT ARE THE POLITICS OF ANIMAL COEXISTENCE? 8 00:00:22,633 --> 00:00:25,666 AND WHO RULES WHEN THE HEAT IS ON? 9 00:00:30,833 --> 00:00:36,100 {\an1}TO FIND OUT, WE BUILT OUR VERY OWN AFRICAN WATERHOLE. 10 00:00:36,133 --> 00:00:37,166 {\an8}THIS WATERHOLE, 11 00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:38,200 {\an8}IT'S HUMAN-MADE. 12 00:00:38,233 --> 00:00:39,433 {\an7}WE'VE TEAMED UP WITH SOME 13 00:00:39,466 --> 00:00:40,600 {\an8}GREAT SCIENTISTS 14 00:00:40,633 --> 00:00:41,776 {\an1}AND CONSERVATIONISTS TO BRING 15 00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:44,200 {\an1}THIS MUCH-NEEDED WATER SOURCE 16 00:00:44,233 --> 00:00:47,266 {\an1}INTO THIS DRY, ARID LANDSCAPE. 17 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:52,300 {\an1}THIS IS A WATERHOLE WITH A DIFFERENCE. 18 00:00:52,333 --> 00:00:55,766 {\an1}WE HAVE A NEW AND TOTALLY EXCITING WAY OF KEEPING TRACK 19 00:00:55,800 --> 00:00:58,833 {\an1}OF WILDLIFE BIOLOGY AND DRAMA. 20 00:00:58,866 --> 00:01:00,600 {\an1}WE'VE GOT A HIDE HALF-SUBMERGED 21 00:01:00,633 --> 00:01:02,100 {\an1}RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE WATERHOLE, 22 00:01:02,133 --> 00:01:04,200 {\an1}AND WE'VE GOT REMOTE CAMERAS RIGGED UP 23 00:01:04,233 --> 00:01:08,166 {\an1}AROUND THE WATERHOLE KEEPING TRACK OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOR 24 00:01:08,200 --> 00:01:09,566 {\an1}LIKE NEVER BEFORE. 25 00:01:10,700 --> 00:01:12,166 [SNORTS] 26 00:01:12,200 --> 00:01:15,400 LAST TIME AT THE HOTTEST TIME OF YEAR... 27 00:01:15,433 --> 00:01:16,666 {\an1}[HYENAS CHATTERING] 28 00:01:16,700 --> 00:01:18,900 HYENAS RAN WILD. 29 00:01:18,933 --> 00:01:21,366 [HYENA BARKS] 30 00:01:21,400 --> 00:01:22,966 {\an1}OH, WOW! LOOK, LOOK, LOOK. 31 00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:24,666 {\an1}SO THE WHOLE CLAN OF HYENAS COME IN, 32 00:01:24,700 --> 00:01:25,942 {\an1}AND, WHAT, THEY'RE JUST PICKING ON HIM? 33 00:01:25,966 --> 00:01:27,933 [THUNDER] 34 00:01:27,966 --> 00:01:31,266 SANJAYAN: NOW, THE FIRST RAINS HAVE HIT, 35 00:01:31,300 --> 00:01:34,733 {\an1}AND THE WATERHOLE IS FACING ITS BIGGEST CHANGE YET. 36 00:01:38,400 --> 00:01:40,666 {\an1}THERE'S SO MUCH ACTION GOING ON RIGHT NOW. 37 00:01:40,700 --> 00:01:43,166 [SCREECHING] 38 00:01:43,200 --> 00:01:45,766 {\an1}SANJAYAN: AN EXPLOSION OF LIFE 39 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:48,533 {\an1}BRINGS NEW SPECIES TO THE SAVANNA. 40 00:01:50,900 --> 00:01:53,133 {\an1}FROM THIS ALTITUDE, I CAN SEE THE ENORMITY 41 00:01:53,166 --> 00:01:54,966 {\an1}OF THIS, THE SCALE OF THIS. 42 00:01:55,000 --> 00:01:57,500 {\an1}IT'S MIND-BOGGLING. 43 00:01:58,666 --> 00:02:03,566 {\an1}THESE DRAMATIC CHANGES HAVE A BIG IMPACT ON A HYENA CLAN. 44 00:02:05,966 --> 00:02:09,566 {\an1}YOU'VE GOT TO BE CAREFUL PUTTING YOUR HEAD INTO A HYENA DEN. 45 00:02:12,166 --> 00:02:14,200 {\an1}THIS IS THE STORY OF LIFE... 46 00:02:14,233 --> 00:02:15,800 [TRUMPETS] 47 00:02:15,833 --> 00:02:18,600 {\an1}AND DEATH AT THE WATERHOLE. 48 00:02:18,633 --> 00:02:23,233 {\an8}♪ 49 00:02:25,466 --> 00:02:28,566 {\an7}WE BUILT OUR WATERHOLE IN TANZANIA... 50 00:02:30,100 --> 00:02:33,200 300 MILES FROM THE EAST COAST OF AFRICA... 51 00:02:34,666 --> 00:02:37,733 {\an1}IN THE MWIBA WILDLIFE RESERVE. 52 00:02:37,766 --> 00:02:40,033 [THUNDER] 53 00:02:45,666 --> 00:02:48,466 {\an1}AFTER 5 TOUGH MONTHS OF DROUGHT, 54 00:02:48,500 --> 00:02:50,600 {\an1}THE RAINS ARE FINALLY HERE. 55 00:02:52,433 --> 00:02:55,333 MORE RAIN WILL FALL OVER THIS SEASON 56 00:02:55,366 --> 00:02:57,966 {\an1}THAN IN 6 MONTHS IN NEW YORK. 57 00:03:00,200 --> 00:03:01,900 WELL, WE'RE BACK, AND IT'S THE HEIGHT 58 00:03:01,933 --> 00:03:03,200 {\an1}OF THE RAINY SEASON. 59 00:03:03,233 --> 00:03:04,866 I'VE GOT AN UMBRELLA FOR A REASON. 60 00:03:04,900 --> 00:03:07,666 {\an1}IT'S PELTING DOWN WITH RAIN, AND WHEN IT RAINS, 61 00:03:07,700 --> 00:03:09,333 {\an1}I MEAN, REAL RAIN. 62 00:03:09,366 --> 00:03:11,566 {\an1}THIS STUFF IS FAST AND HARD, 63 00:03:11,600 --> 00:03:13,866 {\an1}IT COMES SUDDENLY, AND IT'S COLD RAIN, 64 00:03:13,900 --> 00:03:15,866 SO IT MUST BE COMING FROM WAY UP THERE, 65 00:03:15,900 --> 00:03:17,966 {\an1}AND IT JUST PELTS THE LANDSCAPE, 66 00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:20,366 {\an1}AND IT'S COMPLETELY TRANSFORMED EVERYTHING HERE. 67 00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:22,966 I MEAN, MWIBA WAS THIS DRY, DUSTY PLACE 68 00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:24,333 {\an1}THE LAST TIME I WAS HERE. 69 00:03:24,366 --> 00:03:26,966 {\an1}NOW WATER'S EVERYWHERE, 70 00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:30,133 LOADS OF GRASS, AND IT RAINS EVERY DAY. 71 00:03:30,166 --> 00:03:32,300 [HONKING] 72 00:03:34,666 --> 00:03:36,933 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: FOR 4 HOURS A DAY, 73 00:03:36,966 --> 00:03:39,433 IT BUCKETS DOWN. 74 00:03:39,466 --> 00:03:43,366 {\an1}THESE FREQUENT SHOWERS SUPERCHARGE PLANT LIFE, 75 00:03:43,400 --> 00:03:47,700 {\an1}AND OVER 200 SPECIES OF SAVANNA GRASS SPRING UP... 76 00:03:50,700 --> 00:03:53,966 {\an1}TURNING THE 130,000-ACRE RESERVE 77 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:58,200 {\an1}INTO A LUSH, ALL-YOU-CAN-EAT BUFFET FOR HERBIVORES. 78 00:04:02,266 --> 00:04:04,066 {\an1}IN THIS TIME OF PLENTY, 79 00:04:04,100 --> 00:04:06,833 {\an1}MANY ANIMALS NOW HAVE THEIR YOUNG. 80 00:04:11,233 --> 00:04:14,033 {\an1}OVER HALF A MILLION MAMMAL BABIES 81 00:04:14,066 --> 00:04:19,666 {\an1}AND COUNTLESS INSECTS ARE BORN ACROSS THE SERENGETI ECOSYSTEM. 82 00:04:26,166 --> 00:04:28,466 I WANT TO SEE HOW THIS POPULATION BOOM 83 00:04:28,500 --> 00:04:30,800 {\an1}AFFECTS LIFE AT THE WATERHOLE... 84 00:04:32,166 --> 00:04:34,233 {\an1}WHERE THE LOCAL ANIMALS ARE USED 85 00:04:34,266 --> 00:04:37,066 {\an1}TO HAVING THE PLACE ALL TO THEMSELVES. 86 00:04:40,033 --> 00:04:44,300 {\an1}THE GUIDES AND I ARE KEEPING WATCH FOR EVERY VISITOR 87 00:04:44,333 --> 00:04:49,433 {\an1}AND ADDING TO OUR SPECIES LIST THAT'S ALREADY AT 88. 88 00:04:54,266 --> 00:04:57,433 AT NIGHT, WE HAD OUR FIRST ARRIVALS, 89 00:04:57,466 --> 00:05:00,733 {\an1}A NEW HERD OF ELEPHANTS. 90 00:05:00,766 --> 00:05:03,700 THESE ELEPHANTS CAME TO DRINK AT THE WATERHOLE. 91 00:05:03,733 --> 00:05:07,000 LOOK AT THAT ONE FAR BACK, SEE? YEAH. 92 00:05:07,033 --> 00:05:08,966 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: LOCAL GUIDE ZAC MAHANGA 93 00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:12,833 {\an1}SPOTS THAT THIS HERD IS ABOUT TO GET BIGGER. 94 00:05:14,233 --> 00:05:16,166 {\an1}IT'S A HUGE FEMALE, RIGHT? 95 00:05:16,200 --> 00:05:18,866 ALL RIGHT, DID THAT ELEPHANT LOOK PREGNANT TO YOU? 96 00:05:18,900 --> 00:05:20,266 {\an1}YEAH, SEE THE SIZE OF THE BELLY. 97 00:05:20,300 --> 00:05:21,533 YEAH, YEAH. DEFINITELY. 98 00:05:21,566 --> 00:05:24,133 {\an1}SHE'S EXPECTING TO HAVE A BABY SOON. 99 00:05:25,300 --> 00:05:27,476 SO ELEPHANTS CAN HAVE BABIES ALMOST ANY TIME OF THE YEAR, RIGHT? 100 00:05:27,500 --> 00:05:28,900 {\an1}ANY TIME. BUT DO THEY TEND 101 00:05:28,933 --> 00:05:30,542 TO HAVE MORE BABIES DURING THE RAINY SEASON? 102 00:05:30,566 --> 00:05:32,766 {\an1}RAIN SEASON, I CAN AGREE, WE CAN SEE MANY BABIES 103 00:05:32,800 --> 00:05:34,166 {\an1}THIS TIME OF YEAR. 104 00:05:34,200 --> 00:05:35,733 SO TELL ME A LITTLE BIT 105 00:05:35,766 --> 00:05:37,733 ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE IN SIZE OF THOSE HERDS 106 00:05:37,766 --> 00:05:40,900 BETWEEN THE WET SEASON AND THE DRY SEASON. 107 00:05:40,933 --> 00:05:45,400 {\an1}DRY SEASON, YOU CAN FIND VERY SMALL NUMBERS IN THESE GROUPS, 108 00:05:45,433 --> 00:05:47,333 {\an1}BUT THE RAIN SEASON, THE NUMBER 109 00:05:47,366 --> 00:05:49,000 {\an1}GETTING BIGGER BECAUSE 110 00:05:49,033 --> 00:05:51,600 {\an1}OF THE AVAILABILITY OF FOOD AND WATER. 111 00:05:51,633 --> 00:05:54,700 SO THE SUPER HERDS FORM IN THE RAINY SEASON 112 00:05:54,733 --> 00:05:56,633 {\an5}BECAUSE LOTS OF FOOD, RIGHT? DEFINITELY. YES. 113 00:05:56,666 --> 00:05:58,900 IF YOU WANT TO SEE AN ELEPHANT FOR SURE... 114 00:05:58,933 --> 00:06:01,366 {\an1}UH-HUH. IN THIS PART OF AFRICA 115 00:06:01,400 --> 00:06:03,266 COME IN THE DRY SEASON. DRY SEASON. 116 00:06:03,300 --> 00:06:05,966 {\an1}THERE'S A BIG CHANCE YOU'LL FIND A GOOD NUMBERS OF ELEPHANTS. 117 00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:08,766 BECAUSE YOU CAN WAIT AT THE WATERHOLE LIKE WE DID... 118 00:06:08,800 --> 00:06:10,040 {\an1}YES. AND THE ELEPHANTS WILL COME. 119 00:06:10,066 --> 00:06:11,366 {\an1}ELEPHANT WILL COME DEFINITELY. 120 00:06:11,400 --> 00:06:13,033 {\an1}WE CAN GUARANTEE THAT. 121 00:06:13,066 --> 00:06:14,833 RAINY SEASON IS NOT THE GREAT TIME BECAUSE 122 00:06:14,866 --> 00:06:16,242 {\an1}THEY'VE SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE LANDSCAPE. 123 00:06:16,266 --> 00:06:17,300 {\an1}YES. 124 00:06:21,300 --> 00:06:23,833 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: ELEPHANTS AREN'T THE ONLY ONES. 125 00:06:23,866 --> 00:06:27,700 {\an1}ALL HERBIVORES ARE SPREADING OUT RIGHT NOW, 126 00:06:27,733 --> 00:06:29,433 {\an1}SO WE'VE GOT BOB POOLE, 127 00:06:29,466 --> 00:06:32,500 {\an1}OUR WILDLIFE CAMERAMAN, OUT ON PATROL. 128 00:06:34,600 --> 00:06:38,100 {\an1}3 MILES AWAY, HE'S FINDING OUT WHY FOR GIRAFFES 129 00:06:38,133 --> 00:06:40,933 {\an1}THIS IS THE SEASON FOR LOVE. 130 00:06:40,966 --> 00:06:43,300 POOLE: OK. NOW WATCH THIS FEMALE. 131 00:06:43,333 --> 00:06:44,933 IT'S INCREDIBLE. 132 00:06:47,366 --> 00:06:49,333 {\an1}SHE COMES UP TO THE MALE, 133 00:06:49,366 --> 00:06:52,300 {\an1}AND SHE RUBS HER NECK AGAINST HIS LIKE THAT. 134 00:06:53,666 --> 00:06:57,466 {\an1}IT'S DEFINITELY A SIGN OF AFFECTION OR INTEREST. 135 00:06:59,800 --> 00:07:01,909 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: GIRAFFES HAVE BEEN DRINKING AT OUR WATERHOLE 136 00:07:01,933 --> 00:07:03,866 {\an1}FOR THE PAST 5 MONTHS... 137 00:07:05,333 --> 00:07:07,700 {\an1}BUT NOW THEY'VE GOT OTHER THINGS ON THEIR MIND 138 00:07:07,733 --> 00:07:11,533 AS EXCITED MALES TRY TO SNIFF OUT A MATE. 139 00:07:13,166 --> 00:07:17,533 {\an1}POOLE: SO THE MALE GIRAFFE RIGHT NOW IS TRYING TO DETERMINE 140 00:07:17,566 --> 00:07:20,833 {\an1}WHETHER THE FEMALE IN FRONT OF HIM IS IN THE PEAK OF ESTRUS. 141 00:07:23,633 --> 00:07:27,200 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: ESTRUS CYCLES OCCUR EVERY TWO WEEKS, 142 00:07:27,233 --> 00:07:29,300 {\an1}BUT A FEMALE'S ONLY FERTILE 143 00:07:29,333 --> 00:07:32,533 {\an1}FOR 4 DAYS OR LESS DURING THIS TIME... 144 00:07:34,500 --> 00:07:38,200 {\an1}SO THE MALES HAVE TO GET THEIR TIMING JUST RIGHT. 145 00:07:40,766 --> 00:07:43,166 {\an1}POOLE: SHE GIVES OFF PHEROMONES, 146 00:07:43,200 --> 00:07:45,466 WHICH HE SENSES THROUGH SENSORS THAT ARE 147 00:07:45,500 --> 00:07:48,100 {\an1}IN THE TOP OF HIS LIP THERE. 148 00:07:49,933 --> 00:07:53,100 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: GIRAFFES CAN MATE YEAR-ROUND, 149 00:07:53,133 --> 00:07:56,133 {\an1}BUT RESEARCH SHOWS THAT PASSIONS RUN HIGHEST 150 00:07:56,166 --> 00:07:58,466 {\an1}WHEN FOOD IS MOST ABUNDANT. 151 00:07:59,633 --> 00:08:01,333 [ZEBRA SNORTS] 152 00:08:01,366 --> 00:08:04,066 {\an1}POOLE: ALL THE LEAVES ARE SO PLUMP RIGHT NOW. 153 00:08:05,766 --> 00:08:10,433 {\an1}I CAN SEE THE WAY THAT THEY USE THE TONGUE TO STRIP THE LEAVES 154 00:08:10,466 --> 00:08:15,400 {\an1}OFF THE TWIG, WHICH IS OF COURSE LOADED WITH THESE BIG THORNS, 155 00:08:15,433 --> 00:08:19,000 {\an1}AND EVERYTHING AROUND HERE HAS A THORN ON IT. 156 00:08:19,033 --> 00:08:21,166 IN FACT, THIS PLACE IS CALLED MWIBA, 157 00:08:21,200 --> 00:08:24,600 WHICH LITERALLY MEANS "THORN" IN SWAHILI. 158 00:08:26,033 --> 00:08:28,076 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: ALL THIS FOOD MEANS THAT OTHER MEMBERS 159 00:08:28,100 --> 00:08:31,366 {\an1}OF THE WATERHOLE COMMUNITY, LIKE ZEBRA, 160 00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:33,800 {\an1}ARE GETTING VERY FRISKY, 161 00:08:33,833 --> 00:08:35,266 {\an1}AND SOMETIMES, COMPETITION 162 00:08:35,300 --> 00:08:38,533 BETWEEN STALLIONS CAN GET PHYSICAL. 163 00:08:38,566 --> 00:08:40,466 {\an1}POOLE: LOOK AT THIS. 164 00:08:40,500 --> 00:08:42,400 {\an1}THERE'S SO MUCH ACTION GOING ON RIGHT NOW, 165 00:08:42,433 --> 00:08:43,800 {\an1}THAT THE STALLION HERE 166 00:08:43,833 --> 00:08:46,366 IS RACING AROUND, TRYING TO ROUND UP 167 00:08:46,400 --> 00:08:48,966 {\an1}THESE ZEBRA FEMALES, AND YOU CAN SEE HIM 168 00:08:49,000 --> 00:08:51,966 {\an1}RACING ACROSS IN FRONT OF US RIGHT NOW. 169 00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:56,500 {\an1}AND NOW HE'S COMING BACK TO PROBABLY HIS HAREM RIGHT THERE. 170 00:08:56,533 --> 00:08:59,000 {\an1}THE YOUNG MALES HAVE TO STRUGGLE FOR DOMINANCE. 171 00:08:59,033 --> 00:09:02,800 {\an1}HE COULD GET KICKED OUT BY ANOTHER STALLION. 172 00:09:02,833 --> 00:09:04,866 {\an1}THESE ARE VERY SOCIAL ANIMALS. 173 00:09:04,900 --> 00:09:07,400 {\an1}THEY LIVE IN FAMILY GROUPS, AND THEY HAVE AN ORDER, 174 00:09:07,433 --> 00:09:10,866 A PECKING ORDER ESSENTIALLY JUST LIKE HORSES DO. 175 00:09:10,900 --> 00:09:14,666 {\an1}THEY'RE CONSTANTLY HAVING TO PUT EACH OTHER IN THEIR PLACE. 176 00:09:14,700 --> 00:09:17,666 {\an1}SO THERE'S A LOT OF FIGHTING AND TESTING 177 00:09:17,700 --> 00:09:20,066 {\an1}AND ALL KINDS OF ACTION GOING ON 178 00:09:20,100 --> 00:09:23,533 {\an1}ALL THE TIME TO SORT OF REALLY WORK ON WHO'S WHO 179 00:09:23,566 --> 00:09:27,966 {\an1}IN THE FAMILY AND WHERE THEY SIT IN TERMS OF THE PECKING ORDER. 180 00:09:30,200 --> 00:09:33,033 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: AND SOME HAVE ALREADY HAD THEIR YOUNG. 181 00:09:34,366 --> 00:09:37,300 {\an1}THIS FOAL IS JUST A MONTH OLD. 182 00:09:39,266 --> 00:09:41,600 {\an1}POOLE: THE LITTLE FOAL TO THE RIGHT WOULD BE 183 00:09:41,633 --> 00:09:46,066 HIS FIRST FOAL OF THIS RAINY SEASON. 184 00:09:46,100 --> 00:09:49,033 {\an1}THE LITTLE ONES ARE SO CUTE. 185 00:09:51,200 --> 00:09:53,076 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: THE ABUNDANCE OF CALORIES AVAILABLE 186 00:09:53,100 --> 00:09:58,333 {\an1}AT THIS MOMENT MEANS MOTHERS PRODUCE LOTS AND LOTS OF MILK, 187 00:09:58,366 --> 00:10:00,200 {\an1}AND WHEN BABIES ARE READY, 188 00:10:00,233 --> 00:10:02,700 THERE'S GRASS ALL AROUND THE WATERHOLE. 189 00:10:02,733 --> 00:10:04,966 {\an1}WAITING TO BE GRAZED. 190 00:10:10,866 --> 00:10:12,566 {\an1}DURING THE DRY SEASON, 191 00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:15,633 {\an1}THERE WAS A HYENA CLAN THAT WAS DOMINATING LIFE HERE, 192 00:10:15,666 --> 00:10:18,600 BUT NOW THEY SEEM TO HAVE DISAPPEARED. 193 00:10:20,466 --> 00:10:23,166 IN THEIR ABSENCE, THE WATERHOLE COMMUNITY 194 00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:25,633 {\an1}IS RECLAIMING THE SITE. 195 00:10:27,500 --> 00:10:29,100 VERVET MONKEYS... 196 00:10:32,266 --> 00:10:33,900 GIRAFFE... 197 00:10:35,300 --> 00:10:36,500 IMPALA... 198 00:10:39,166 --> 00:10:40,366 ELEPHANT... 199 00:10:40,400 --> 00:10:42,133 [GRUNTS] 200 00:10:42,166 --> 00:10:43,900 [HUFFS] 201 00:10:43,933 --> 00:10:48,100 {\an1}AND AN ANIMAL FAMILY THAT LIVES IN THE TREES NEARBY. 202 00:10:48,133 --> 00:10:50,600 SO WE GOT BABOONS NOW JUST COME IN. 203 00:10:50,633 --> 00:10:53,533 [BABOONS GRUNTING AND CHATTERING] 204 00:10:53,566 --> 00:10:55,933 {\an1}THEY'LL EAT SEEDS, THEY'LL EAT SHOOTS, 205 00:10:55,966 --> 00:10:59,200 {\an1}THEY'LL EAT INSECTS, REALLY ANYTHING THEY CAN FIND. 206 00:10:59,233 --> 00:11:02,633 THEY'RE SPENDING OVER HALF THEIR DAY FEEDING 207 00:11:02,666 --> 00:11:04,600 {\an1}AND DON'T FEED SUPER ACTIVELY. 208 00:11:04,633 --> 00:11:08,066 {\an1}THEY JUST SORT OF GRAZE OR NIBBLE THROUGHOUT THE DAY 209 00:11:08,100 --> 00:11:09,666 {\an1}IS MORE LIKE HOW THEY FEED, 210 00:11:09,700 --> 00:11:11,142 {\an1}AND THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT THEY'RE DOING HERE. 211 00:11:11,166 --> 00:11:12,766 {\an1}THEY'RE SORT OF WALKING ACROSS THE MEADOW 212 00:11:12,800 --> 00:11:15,400 {\an1}AND THEN STRIPPING GRASS SEEDS OFF THE STALKS. 213 00:11:19,566 --> 00:11:23,666 {\an1}THE WATERHOLE WAS VITAL FOR THIS TROOP IN THE DRY SEASON. 214 00:11:25,533 --> 00:11:29,333 NOW IT PROVIDES A RELIABLE SUPPLY OF FOOD... 215 00:11:31,633 --> 00:11:34,033 {\an1}ALL ON THEIR DOORSTEP... 216 00:11:36,733 --> 00:11:39,166 {\an1}BUT IT'S NOT EXACTLY EASY FOR BABOONS 217 00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:43,966 {\an1}TO MAKE A REAL MEAL OUT OF FIDDLY GRASS STALKS. 218 00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:46,933 {\an1}SEE? LOOK AT THAT. QUITE A DELICATE OPERATION. 219 00:11:46,966 --> 00:11:49,966 {\an1}I MEAN, EACH OF THOSE GRASS SEED HEADS MUST BE 220 00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:52,700 {\an1}THE SIZE OF A PINHEAD, SO QUITE SMALL. 221 00:11:52,733 --> 00:11:55,700 {\an1}IT MUST TAKE HUNDREDS AND HUNDREDS AND HUNDREDS 222 00:11:55,733 --> 00:11:59,966 {\an1}OF THOSE GRASS STALKS TO FILL UP A BABOON'S BELLY. 223 00:12:02,500 --> 00:12:05,100 {\an1}SANJAYAN: YOU MIGHT EVEN THINK, "WHY BOTHER?" 224 00:12:07,866 --> 00:12:10,666 {\an1}GRASS IS ALSO PACKED WITH WATER, 225 00:12:10,700 --> 00:12:12,933 SO THE BABOONS ARE GETTING NUTRITION 226 00:12:12,966 --> 00:12:16,333 AND HYDRATION WITH EACH MOUTHFUL. 227 00:12:17,766 --> 00:12:20,433 {\an1}THE OTHER THING THAT STRIKES YOU WHEN YOU SEE BABOONS 228 00:12:20,466 --> 00:12:22,933 ON A GRASS PLAIN, ON A MEADOW LIKE THIS FEEDING IS 229 00:12:22,966 --> 00:12:26,600 {\an1}THAT, UNLIKE ALL THE OTHER ANIMALS THAT SHOW UP HERE, 230 00:12:26,633 --> 00:12:29,966 {\an1}THEY DON'T HAVE TO PUT THEIR HEADS DOWN IN ORDER TO FEED. 231 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:34,233 {\an1}THEY'VE GOT HANDS AND THUMBS, AND SO THEY CAN PICK UP FOOD, 232 00:12:34,266 --> 00:12:37,200 AND THEY CAN FEED WHILE KEEPING THEIR HEAD UP, 233 00:12:37,233 --> 00:12:38,933 {\an1}AND THAT'S A DISTINCT ADVANTAGE 234 00:12:38,966 --> 00:12:43,266 {\an1}THAT PRIMATES REALLY HAVE, AND IT ALLOWS THEM TO FEED 235 00:12:43,300 --> 00:12:46,833 {\an1}IN THE OPEN WHILE STILL WATCHING OUT FOR PREDATORS 236 00:12:46,866 --> 00:12:49,266 AND STILL KEEPING TRACK OF EACH OTHER. 237 00:12:50,700 --> 00:12:54,966 {\an1}THEY ALSO PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THIS ECOSYSTEM BY PULLING UP 238 00:12:55,000 --> 00:12:56,766 {\an1}THE GRASS, EATING IT, 239 00:12:56,800 --> 00:12:59,766 {\an1}AND LETTING NATURE TAKE ITS COURSE, 240 00:12:59,800 --> 00:13:03,400 DISPERSING SEEDS ALL OVER THE PLACE, 241 00:13:03,433 --> 00:13:07,733 {\an1}HELPING THE SITE STAY LUSH FOR THE NEXT GENERATION. 242 00:13:14,900 --> 00:13:17,733 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: THIS IS A SURPRISING TURN OF EVENTS. 243 00:13:19,233 --> 00:13:22,933 {\an1}LAST SEASON, VERY FEW ANIMALS WERE COMING IN 244 00:13:22,966 --> 00:13:27,366 {\an1}BECAUSE THE AREA WAS UNDER THE CONTROL OF AN APEX PREDATOR. 245 00:13:29,366 --> 00:13:34,566 {\an1}MEMBERS OF A SPOTTED HYENA CLAN WERE THE DOMINANT FORCE. 246 00:13:34,600 --> 00:13:37,966 {\an1}[HYENAS CHATTERING AND GRUNTING] 247 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:40,100 {\an1}I'VE BEEN LOOKING BACK OVER OUR DATA, 248 00:13:40,133 --> 00:13:43,666 {\an7}AND IT PAINTS A CLEAR PICTURE. 249 00:13:43,700 --> 00:13:46,333 {\an7}SO THE LAST TIME I WAS HERE, THERE WERE HYENAS 250 00:13:46,366 --> 00:13:47,933 {\an7}VIRTUALLY EVERY DAY. 251 00:13:47,966 --> 00:13:51,300 {\an8}IN THE MONTHS OF OCTOBER, NOVEMBER, 252 00:13:51,333 --> 00:13:54,633 {\an7}ESSENTIALLY A TWO-MONTH PERIOD, WE HAD 73 VISITS 253 00:13:54,666 --> 00:13:58,300 {\an7}BY HYENAS TO THIS WATERHOLE, WHICH IS PRETTY ASTONISHING, 254 00:13:58,333 --> 00:14:00,566 {\an7}AND I SHOULDN'T SAY DAY BECAUSE IT TURNS OUT 255 00:14:00,600 --> 00:14:02,366 {\an7}THAT VIRTUALLY EVERY HYENA THAT CAME 256 00:14:02,400 --> 00:14:04,366 {\an7}TO THIS WATERHOLE CAME AT NIGHT. 257 00:14:04,400 --> 00:14:07,233 {\an1}SOMETHING LIKE 96% OF ALL THOSE VISITS 258 00:14:07,266 --> 00:14:10,966 {\an1}THAT WE RECORDED WERE AT NIGHT AND NOT REALLY DURING THE DAY, 259 00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:13,833 AND THAT IS A MARKED CONTRAST TO NOW. 260 00:14:13,866 --> 00:14:15,266 {\an1}THERE'S HYENAS AROUND, 261 00:14:15,300 --> 00:14:16,476 BUT THEY'RE NOT COMING TO THE WATERHOLE. 262 00:14:16,500 --> 00:14:18,266 {\an1}WE CAN HEAR THEM AT NIGHT. 263 00:14:18,300 --> 00:14:19,866 {\an1}SO THEY'RE IN THE AREA, 264 00:14:19,900 --> 00:14:22,266 {\an1}BUT THEY'RE NOT COMING TO OUR WATERHOLE, 265 00:14:22,300 --> 00:14:25,266 {\an1}AND IT'S VERY LIKELY BECAUSE OF ALL THIS RAIN 266 00:14:25,300 --> 00:14:26,666 {\an1}ALL THE SCENTS ARE WASHED AWAY, 267 00:14:26,700 --> 00:14:28,266 THE PREY ANIMALS AREN'T CONGREGATING 268 00:14:28,300 --> 00:14:29,966 {\an1}BY THE WATERHOLES ANYMORE, 269 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:33,833 {\an1}SO AS SIGNPOSTS OR GROCERY STORES FOR PREDATORS, 270 00:14:33,866 --> 00:14:37,266 {\an1}WATERHOLES ARE NOT SO GREAT IN THE WET SEASON. 271 00:14:40,466 --> 00:14:43,566 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: BUT WHAT ARE THE CLAN UP TO NOW? 272 00:14:43,600 --> 00:14:45,233 {\an1}TO FIND OUT, I RETURNED 273 00:14:45,266 --> 00:14:48,666 TO THEIR DEN SITE JUST OVER A MILE AWAY. 274 00:14:53,133 --> 00:14:55,333 {\an1}SO A COUPLE MONTHS AGO 275 00:14:55,366 --> 00:14:57,833 WHEN I WAS HERE IN THE HOT SEASON, 276 00:14:57,866 --> 00:15:01,400 {\an1}THIS IS WHERE THE HYENAS HAD DENNED UP, 277 00:15:01,433 --> 00:15:03,166 AND I REMEMBER SITTING RIGHT HERE 278 00:15:03,200 --> 00:15:05,000 {\an1}WATCHING THESE HYENA PUPS 279 00:15:05,033 --> 00:15:10,266 {\an1}COME OUT OF THAT HOLE, AND WE'VE LEFT A CAMERA BEHIND 280 00:15:10,300 --> 00:15:12,000 SO I CAN GO AND LOOK AT THE FOOTAGE 281 00:15:12,033 --> 00:15:15,433 AND SEE WHAT'S BEEN GOING ON EXACTLY HERE, 282 00:15:15,466 --> 00:15:17,266 BUT THE GROUND 283 00:15:17,300 --> 00:15:20,433 AROUND THE DEN DOESN'T LOOK VERY USED. 284 00:15:22,166 --> 00:15:23,700 GOT TO BE CAREFUL PUTTING YOUR HEAD 285 00:15:23,733 --> 00:15:25,900 INTO A HYENA DEN. 286 00:15:25,933 --> 00:15:26,966 OH, WOW. 287 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:29,800 {\an1}OH, WOW. THIS IS... 288 00:15:32,966 --> 00:15:36,366 LOOK AT THIS. THIS IS ACTUALLY KIND OF COOL 289 00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:39,566 {\an1}THAT THAT IS WHERE THOSE PUPS WERE COMING UP, 290 00:15:39,600 --> 00:15:42,600 {\an1}AND I DON'T THINK IT'S BEING USED RIGHT NOW BECAUSE 291 00:15:42,633 --> 00:15:45,433 {\an1}I DON'T SEE ANY CLAW MARKS. 292 00:15:45,466 --> 00:15:47,266 {\an1}DO YOU KNOW WHO IS USING IT? 293 00:15:47,300 --> 00:15:50,000 {\an1}MAYBE A PORCUPINE BECAUSE THERE'S A COUPLE 294 00:15:50,033 --> 00:15:54,366 {\an1}OF PORCUPINE QUILLS RIGHT BY THE ENTRANCE. 295 00:15:54,400 --> 00:15:57,433 OH, I CAN... I CAN SEE THE PORCUPINE. 296 00:15:57,466 --> 00:16:00,666 {\an1}I CAN ACTUALLY SEE THE PORCUPINE IN THERE. 297 00:16:00,700 --> 00:16:03,000 [WHISPERING] THAT'S THE EDGE. 298 00:16:03,033 --> 00:16:06,300 {\an1}IT'S REALLY GOOD NEWS THAT THERE'S A PORCUPINE IN THERE. 299 00:16:06,333 --> 00:16:08,342 {\an1}I MEAN, I'M SURE NOW THAT THE HYENAS ARE NOT IN THERE 300 00:16:08,366 --> 00:16:10,533 {\an1}BECAUSE THEY'RE NOT GOING TO WANT TO SHARE THEIR HOME 301 00:16:10,566 --> 00:16:13,933 {\an1}WITH SUCH A, WELL, POINTY CUSTOMER, 302 00:16:13,966 --> 00:16:15,533 {\an1}BUT IT MEANS THAT THIS BURROW 303 00:16:15,566 --> 00:16:18,000 IS GOING TO REMAIN ACTIVE AND IN USE 304 00:16:18,033 --> 00:16:20,766 {\an1}THROUGH THIS RAINY SEASON, AND I BET YOU NEXT YEAR 305 00:16:20,800 --> 00:16:23,433 {\an1}THE HYENAS WILL BE BACK AND WILL BE DENNING IN HERE. 306 00:16:25,233 --> 00:16:27,333 {\an1}ALL RIGHT. I'M GOING TO LEAVE THIS GUY 307 00:16:27,366 --> 00:16:30,233 TO HAVE HIS REST, BUT IT REALLY IS GREAT 308 00:16:30,266 --> 00:16:34,700 {\an1}THAT THESE BIG TERMITE MOUNDS CONTINUE TO HAVE LIFE. 309 00:16:34,733 --> 00:16:36,766 {\an1}I MEAN, THAT'S JUST SO FANTASTIC 310 00:16:36,800 --> 00:16:39,200 {\an1}BECAUSE THE TERMITES FIRST USE THEM, 311 00:16:39,233 --> 00:16:41,533 {\an1}THEN ANIMALS USE THEM, HYENAS ARE USING THEM, 312 00:16:41,566 --> 00:16:45,766 {\an1}AND NOW AT LEAST ONE PORCUPINE, MAYBE MORE, ARE IN THERE, 313 00:16:45,800 --> 00:16:47,042 AND THEY'LL KEEP COMING BACK HERE, 314 00:16:47,066 --> 00:16:49,966 {\an1}SO BEST TO LEAVE HIM ALONE. 315 00:16:54,100 --> 00:17:02,100 ♪ 316 00:17:03,666 --> 00:17:05,566 SO I WANT TO TAKE A LOOK AT WHAT WAS 317 00:17:05,600 --> 00:17:09,466 {\an1}ON THE CAMERA TRAP THAT WE LEFT OVER THERE AND SEE IF I CAN 318 00:17:09,500 --> 00:17:11,633 {\an1}PICK UP ANY OF THOSE PORCUPINES. 319 00:17:11,666 --> 00:17:14,400 {\an1}A GIRAFFE CAME RIGHT BY. 320 00:17:14,433 --> 00:17:16,200 LOOK AT THAT. 321 00:17:16,233 --> 00:17:20,766 THAT'S COOL. OK. OH, LOOK AT THIS. 322 00:17:22,233 --> 00:17:24,800 THERE'S A HYENA, AND THERE'S A HUGE PORCUPINE 323 00:17:24,833 --> 00:17:26,433 {\an1}WITH THE QUILLS ALL ERECT. 324 00:17:26,466 --> 00:17:28,100 THAT PORCUPINE LOOKS LIKE IT'S 325 00:17:28,133 --> 00:17:29,833 {\an1}THE SIZE OF THAT HYENA PUP, 326 00:17:29,866 --> 00:17:32,300 {\an1}AND IT JUST CHASED IT OFF, AND YOU'D THINK A HYENA 327 00:17:32,333 --> 00:17:34,466 {\an1}WOULD MAKE GOOD WORK OF IT. 328 00:17:34,500 --> 00:17:36,633 {\an1}BUT, BOY, IT'S INCREDIBLE. 329 00:17:36,666 --> 00:17:38,900 {\an1}PORCUPINES OFTEN LIKE TO HANG AROUND HYENAS 330 00:17:38,933 --> 00:17:40,966 {\an1}BECAUSE THEY LIKE TO NIBBLE ON BONES. 331 00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:43,433 PORCUPINES DO IT FOR THE CALCIUM, 332 00:17:43,466 --> 00:17:47,466 {\an1}AND SO PORCUPINES KNOW THAT WHEREVER THERE ARE HYENAS 333 00:17:47,500 --> 00:17:49,766 {\an1}THERE'S GONNA BE BONES. 334 00:17:49,800 --> 00:17:54,166 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: IT'S UNLIKELY A FEW SMALL PORCUPINE WOULD SCARE THEM AWAY, 335 00:17:54,200 --> 00:17:58,066 {\an1}AND A BIGGER PROBLEM FOR THE HYENA IS REVEALED. 336 00:17:58,100 --> 00:18:00,266 HMM. WOW! 337 00:18:00,300 --> 00:18:02,066 A LOT OF BUFFALO. 338 00:18:02,100 --> 00:18:05,700 LOT OF BUFFALO ALL OVER THE PLACE. 339 00:18:05,733 --> 00:18:07,166 {\an1}BIG HERD OF BUFFALO. 340 00:18:07,200 --> 00:18:11,900 IT LOOKED LIKE THEY JUST TRAMPLED 341 00:18:11,933 --> 00:18:14,300 {\an1}THROUGH THIS ENTIRE AREA. 342 00:18:14,333 --> 00:18:16,166 BUFFALOES DON'T REALLY LIKE HYENAS, 343 00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:17,933 AND BUFFALOES GET VERY TERRITORIAL, 344 00:18:17,966 --> 00:18:19,842 {\an1}AND IF THEY KNOW THAT THERE ARE PREDATORS IN THE AREA, 345 00:18:19,866 --> 00:18:22,633 {\an1}THEY WILL THEY WILL DO THEIR BEST TO CHASE THEM OFF 346 00:18:22,666 --> 00:18:25,166 IF THEY CAN, AND THAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN... 347 00:18:25,200 --> 00:18:27,800 MIGHT HAVE BEEN WHAT HAPPENED HERE, 348 00:18:27,833 --> 00:18:31,033 THAT THIS DEN GOT EVENTUALLY ABANDONED 349 00:18:31,066 --> 00:18:35,166 {\an1}BECAUSE A HERD OF BUFFALOES JUST TRAMPLED IT AND TOOK IT OVER. 350 00:18:35,200 --> 00:18:37,276 {\an1}WHEN I WALKED AROUND THERE, YOU COULD DEFINITELY FIND 351 00:18:37,300 --> 00:18:39,033 FRAGMENTS OF BUFFALO BONE AROUND HERE, 352 00:18:39,066 --> 00:18:42,433 {\an1}SO THESE HYENAS ARE DEFINITELY EATING BUFFALO, 353 00:18:42,466 --> 00:18:46,700 {\an1}AND SO THE BUFFALOES PROBABLY DON'T WANT THEM IN THEIR MIDST, 354 00:18:46,733 --> 00:18:50,533 {\an1}AND IT PRETTY MUCH SEEMS THAT AFTER THE BUFFALO SHOWED UP 355 00:18:50,566 --> 00:18:52,133 {\an1}THE DEN GOES QUIET 356 00:18:52,166 --> 00:18:55,466 AND WE DON'T SEE A LOT MORE ACTIVITY AFTER THAT. 357 00:18:55,500 --> 00:18:58,133 AND SO SHE COULD HAVE MOVED THEM. 358 00:18:58,166 --> 00:19:01,300 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: HYENA CLANS OFTEN HAVE NETWORKS OF DENS 359 00:19:01,333 --> 00:19:03,600 {\an1}DOTTED AROUND THE SAVANNA. 360 00:19:03,633 --> 00:19:08,133 {\an1}ONLY TIME WILL TELL IF THEY WILL EVER RETURN TO THE WATERHOLE. 361 00:19:09,300 --> 00:19:12,733 {\an1}I'LL BET THEY'LL BE BACK NEXT DRY SEASON. 362 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:22,800 ♪ 363 00:19:22,833 --> 00:19:25,966 WITHOUT HYENA DOMINATING THE WATERHOLE, 364 00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:28,966 {\an1}ANOTHER SPECIES HAS TAKEN OVER. 365 00:19:30,333 --> 00:19:32,433 [HONKING] 366 00:19:37,633 --> 00:19:38,766 {\an1}THEY'RE COMMON GEESE. 367 00:19:38,800 --> 00:19:41,033 {\an1}THEY'RE FOUND THROUGHOUT AFRICA. 368 00:19:44,900 --> 00:19:46,866 {\an1}THEY'RE USUALLY IN PAIRS OR IN SMALL FLOCKS, 369 00:19:46,900 --> 00:19:49,666 BUT THERE'S BEEN A PAIR THAT'S REALLY TAKEN OVER 370 00:19:49,700 --> 00:19:52,766 THIS WATERHOLE, AND THESE GEESE LIVE HERE. 371 00:19:52,800 --> 00:19:56,366 {\an1}THIS IS THEIR WATERHOLE, AND I WOULDN'T BE SURPRISED IF 372 00:19:56,400 --> 00:19:57,900 {\an1}THEY HAVE A NEST SOMEWHERE. 373 00:19:57,933 --> 00:19:59,666 {\an1}THEY FEED SOMETIMES IN THE WATER, 374 00:19:59,700 --> 00:20:03,400 {\an1}BUT OFTENTIMES, YOU SEE THEM GRAZING ON GRASS HEADS 375 00:20:03,433 --> 00:20:07,200 {\an1}AND FORBS ON THE EDGE OF MEADOWS AND PLAINS LIKE THIS. 376 00:20:07,233 --> 00:20:10,933 [HONKING] 377 00:20:10,966 --> 00:20:14,800 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: THIS ISN'T THE FIRST TIME WE'VE SEEN THIS POWER COUPLE. 378 00:20:14,833 --> 00:20:17,000 [HONKING] 379 00:20:19,600 --> 00:20:22,833 {\an1}THEY STARTED VISITING LAST SEASON AND WERE QUICK 380 00:20:22,866 --> 00:20:24,766 {\an1}TO MAKE THEIR PRESENCE KNOWN. 381 00:20:29,566 --> 00:20:32,766 {\an1}SINCE THEN, THEY HAVE BEEN REGULAR VISITORS... 382 00:20:34,133 --> 00:20:36,933 {\an1}AND THEY'VE PROVED THAT THEY'RE NOT TO BE MESSED WITH. 383 00:20:36,966 --> 00:20:39,200 [SQUAWKING] 384 00:20:39,233 --> 00:20:42,400 {\an1}WHEN ANOTHER GOOSE CAME IN TO CHECK OUT THE NEW WATERHOLE, 385 00:20:42,433 --> 00:20:46,333 {\an1}OUR MALE MADE IT CLEAR THIS WATERHOLE WAS NOT FOR SHARING. 386 00:20:46,366 --> 00:20:50,233 {\an1}[SCREECHES] 387 00:20:50,266 --> 00:20:52,966 EVEN THE ARRIVAL OF A MARTIAL EAGLE, 388 00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:56,766 {\an1}A PREDATOR THAT CAN TAKE PREY AS LARGE AS A BABY ANTELOPE, 389 00:20:56,800 --> 00:20:58,500 {\an1}DIDN'T PUT THEM OFF. 390 00:21:02,333 --> 00:21:04,300 [HYENA YOWLING] 391 00:21:04,333 --> 00:21:06,900 {\an1}AND NEITHER DID THE HYENA. 392 00:21:06,933 --> 00:21:10,500 [GEESE HONKING, HYENAS GRUNTING] 393 00:21:10,533 --> 00:21:12,433 AFTER TWO MONTHS, 394 00:21:12,466 --> 00:21:15,166 THESE GEESE HAVE SECURED THEIR PLACE 395 00:21:15,200 --> 00:21:17,666 AS THE MONARCHS OF THE WATERHOLE. 396 00:21:20,800 --> 00:21:22,866 LOTS OF ANIMALS ARE COMING TO THE WATERHOLE, 397 00:21:22,900 --> 00:21:25,500 {\an1}BUT THESE GEESE HAVE REALLY MADE THIS THEIR HOME. 398 00:21:25,533 --> 00:21:27,900 {\an1}THEY'RE ONE OF THE FIRST ANIMALS THAT SHOWED UP, 399 00:21:27,933 --> 00:21:31,066 {\an1}AND THEY'VE BEEN HERE EVERY TIME I'VE BEEN HERE. 400 00:21:33,966 --> 00:21:36,500 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: THE DOMINANT SPECIES AT THE WATERHOLE 401 00:21:36,533 --> 00:21:40,833 {\an1}HAVE CHANGED WITH EACH SEASON, BUT THERE'S ONE REGULAR 402 00:21:40,866 --> 00:21:44,066 I THOUGHT I WOULD DEFINITELY SEE THIS TIME AROUND. 403 00:21:46,100 --> 00:21:50,166 {\an1}A HUGE CAPE BUFFALO HERD WERE USING THEIR SHEER NUMBERS 404 00:21:50,200 --> 00:21:52,433 {\an1}TO MUSCLE OUT THE COMPETITION. 405 00:21:53,666 --> 00:21:57,433 {\an1}NOW THEY'RE NOWHERE TO BE FOUND, 406 00:21:57,466 --> 00:22:00,533 SO I HEAD OUT WITH BOB TO LOOK FOR THEM. 407 00:22:04,333 --> 00:22:08,366 {\an1}YOU CAN SMELL THEM, I MEAN, REALLY SMELL THEM. 408 00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:12,133 POOLE: I'M GOING... I'M GOING TO STOP RIGHT HERE ON THIS SAND. 409 00:22:13,900 --> 00:22:16,466 {\an1}THERE MUST BE OVER A HUNDRED BUFFALO 410 00:22:16,500 --> 00:22:19,166 {\an1}JUST SPREAD ACROSS HERE, AND SOME OF THEM ARE REALLY CLOSE, 411 00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:22,566 {\an1}AND WHAT'S SO GREAT IS THAT THESE ARE THE MAIN CHARACTERS 412 00:22:22,600 --> 00:22:24,833 {\an1}THAT WE'VE BEEN SEEING OVER AND OVER AGAIN, RIGHT, 413 00:22:24,866 --> 00:22:26,200 {\an1}AT THE WATERHOLE. 414 00:22:26,233 --> 00:22:29,566 {\an1}NUMBER-ONE VISITATION HAS BEEN BUFFALO. 415 00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:32,033 YEAH. IT'S THIS AMAZING GRASS 416 00:22:32,066 --> 00:22:34,233 {\an1}THAT'S BROUGHT THEM OUT BECAUSE OTHERWISE THEY'RE 417 00:22:34,266 --> 00:22:35,766 {\an1}REALLY IN THE THICK BUSH. 418 00:22:35,800 --> 00:22:37,209 {\an1}THEY DON'T REALLY COME OUT TILL NIGHT. 419 00:22:37,233 --> 00:22:39,666 THEIR HERD'S SPLIT IN TWO RIGHT NOW. 420 00:22:39,700 --> 00:22:42,200 THEY BOTH WANT TO HEAD FOR THE FOREST. 421 00:22:42,233 --> 00:22:45,100 {\an1}THAT'S A LITTLE BIT OF A STAMPEDE THERE. 422 00:22:45,133 --> 00:22:47,366 {\an1}BEEN SEEING BUFFALO ALL THE TIME AT THE WATERHOLE, RIGHT? 423 00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:48,576 {\an1}THEY'RE THE NUMBER-ONE CHARACTER. 424 00:22:48,600 --> 00:22:50,300 {\an1}WE KNOW THE DATA SHOWS 425 00:22:50,333 --> 00:22:52,866 {\an1}THAT THE NUMBER-ONE ANIMAL AT THE WATERHOLE ARE BUFFALOES, 426 00:22:52,900 --> 00:22:54,900 {\an1}BUT EVERY TIME I'VE BEEN HERE, 427 00:22:54,933 --> 00:22:56,309 {\an1}BUFFALOES HAVE COME TO THE WATERHOLE, 428 00:22:56,333 --> 00:22:58,100 {\an1}BUT IT'S ALWAYS AT NIGHT, 429 00:22:58,133 --> 00:23:01,633 {\an1}AND BOB AND I DROVE INTO THIS GLADE AND, BANG, RAN 430 00:23:01,666 --> 00:23:03,500 {\an1}INTO WELL OVER A HUNDRED BUFFALO. 431 00:23:03,533 --> 00:23:05,300 {\an1}THEY'RE ACTUALLY SCATTERED ALL THROUGH HERE. 432 00:23:05,333 --> 00:23:08,233 {\an1}THERE'S TWO HERDS BOTH SIDES OF THIS... 433 00:23:08,266 --> 00:23:11,433 {\an1}THIS LITTLE FOREST GLADE, AND IT'S THIS GRASS, 434 00:23:11,466 --> 00:23:13,566 {\an1}THE RAINY SEASON, ALL THIS GRASS, 435 00:23:13,600 --> 00:23:15,566 {\an1}THAT'S WHAT'S MADE THE BUFFALO COME OUT 436 00:23:15,600 --> 00:23:17,700 {\an1}DURING THE DAYLIGHT HOURS. 437 00:23:17,733 --> 00:23:20,600 {\an1}AND SO IT'S KIND OF A COOL THING FOR US TO SEE THIS, 438 00:23:20,633 --> 00:23:23,933 {\an1}TO SEE HOW CHANGE IN THE WEATHER 439 00:23:23,966 --> 00:23:26,766 {\an1}AND THE RAINS HAVE REALLY PROMPTED AN ANIMAL 440 00:23:26,800 --> 00:23:29,400 {\an1}THAT USUALLY IS IN THE THICK BUSH 441 00:23:29,433 --> 00:23:32,233 {\an1}TO COME OUT IN THE OPEN DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS. 442 00:23:33,500 --> 00:23:36,033 {\an1}YOU KNOW, THESE ARE FORMIDABLE ANIMALS. 443 00:23:36,066 --> 00:23:38,833 {\an1}ACTUALLY TODAY, TODAY SOMEONE 444 00:23:38,866 --> 00:23:42,366 {\an1}ON THIS RESERVE GOT HURT BY A BUFFALO, 445 00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:44,109 {\an1}SO YOU REALLY DON'T WANT TO RUN INTO A BUFFALO. 446 00:23:44,133 --> 00:23:46,900 {\an1}I MEAN, THEY'RE INCREDIBLY POWERFUL, 447 00:23:46,933 --> 00:23:49,866 {\an1}AND THEY HANG OUT IN BIG GROUPS LIKE THIS, 448 00:23:49,900 --> 00:23:53,333 {\an1}AND THE PREDATORS THAT GO AFTER THEM, THE HYENAS AND THE LIONS, 449 00:23:53,366 --> 00:23:55,733 {\an1}THEY REALLY HAVE TO BE TOUGH, TOUGH ANIMALS 450 00:23:55,766 --> 00:23:57,633 {\an1}AND IN BIG, BIG GROUP SIZES 451 00:23:57,666 --> 00:23:59,466 {\an1}TO BE ABLE TO TAKE DOWN A BUFFALO. 452 00:23:59,500 --> 00:24:02,000 POOLE: SANJAYAN, SEE THE WAY THAT THEY'RE LOOKING AT YOU NOW? 453 00:24:02,033 --> 00:24:04,333 {\an1}YEAH. THIS IS THEIR BEHAVIOR, RIGHT? 454 00:24:04,366 --> 00:24:06,466 {\an1}YEAH. WHEN THEY SENSE A THREAT, 455 00:24:06,500 --> 00:24:09,633 RATHER THAN RUN AWAY, THEY OFTEN START COMING AT IT, 456 00:24:09,666 --> 00:24:11,266 AND THAT'S WHY, YOU KNOW... 457 00:24:11,300 --> 00:24:13,533 THEY'RE NOT FAST ANIMALS. 458 00:24:13,566 --> 00:24:16,266 THEIR ONLY ALTERNATIVE IS TO FIGHT, RIGHT? 459 00:24:16,300 --> 00:24:18,633 SO THEN THEY'RE GROUPED TOGETHER, AND BOTH SIDES 460 00:24:18,666 --> 00:24:21,933 START COMING BACK TOWARDS US NOW IF YOU WATCH, 461 00:24:21,966 --> 00:24:24,076 AND THAT'S KIND OF, I THINK, WHAT'S HAPPENING RIGHT NOW. 462 00:24:24,100 --> 00:24:25,733 YOU SEE THEY BOTH HAVE MOVED AT LEAST 463 00:24:25,766 --> 00:24:28,600 20 METERS CLOSER TO US IN THE LAST 5 MINUTES, 464 00:24:28,633 --> 00:24:30,166 AND THEY'RE GOING TO KEEP DOING THAT. 465 00:24:30,200 --> 00:24:32,200 [INSECTS BUZZING] 466 00:24:32,233 --> 00:24:34,433 {\an1}POOLE: HOW INCREDIBLE. SUNSET AND TO HAVE THEM 467 00:24:34,466 --> 00:24:36,700 {\an1}COME OUT IN THE OPEN LIKE THIS. YEAH. 468 00:24:36,733 --> 00:24:38,433 {\an1}GOSH. IT'S COCKTAIL HOUR, BOB, 469 00:24:38,466 --> 00:24:40,033 AND THAT'S WHEN THE BUFFALOES COME OUT. 470 00:24:40,066 --> 00:24:43,500 {\an1}AMAZING FOOTAGE. SO GOOD TO BE HERE WITH YOU, MAN. 471 00:24:45,000 --> 00:24:48,266 JUST STUNNING. YEAH. 472 00:24:48,300 --> 00:24:50,400 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: EVERY SINGLE BIG ANIMAL SPECIES 473 00:24:50,433 --> 00:24:53,666 THAT WAS COMING TO OUR WATERHOLE DAILY, 474 00:24:53,700 --> 00:24:58,033 {\an1}LIKE CAPE BUFFALO, ARE NOW ON THE MOVE... 475 00:24:58,066 --> 00:25:01,866 {\an1}AND IT'S ALL BEING DRIVEN BY THE GREEN STUFF. 476 00:25:11,800 --> 00:25:14,366 {\an1}THESE GRASSES REALLY COME TO LIFE IN THE RAINY SEASON. 477 00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:18,500 {\an1}I'VE WALKED BY RIGHT HERE WEEKS AND WEEKS AND WEEKS 478 00:25:18,533 --> 00:25:21,733 {\an1}AND NEVER PAID THIS BIT OF WHAT LOOKED LIKE BARE EARTH 479 00:25:21,766 --> 00:25:24,833 MUCH MIND, BUT NOW WITH THE RAINS, 480 00:25:24,866 --> 00:25:29,266 {\an1}IT JUST COMES TO LIFE, AND YOU REALLY REALIZE THAT 481 00:25:29,300 --> 00:25:32,466 {\an1}GRASSES ARE SUCH A HUGE PART OF THIS ECOSYSTEM. 482 00:25:32,500 --> 00:25:34,133 I MEAN, THEY'RE THE SAVANNAS OF AFRICA. 483 00:25:34,166 --> 00:25:36,333 {\an1}ABOUT HALF OF AFRICA IS SAVANNAS, 484 00:25:36,366 --> 00:25:38,900 {\an1}AND THESE SAVANNA GRASS IN AFRICA ARE REALLY SPECIAL, 485 00:25:38,933 --> 00:25:42,400 {\an1}AND THEY JUST DRIVE THE ENTIRE ECOSYSTEM. 486 00:25:42,433 --> 00:25:46,133 {\an1}IN THE DRY SEASON, MOST OF THESE GRASSES ARE COMPLETELY LOST 487 00:25:46,166 --> 00:25:48,800 {\an1}ON YOU IF YOU WALK BY HERE BECAUSE MOST OF THEIR BIOMASS 488 00:25:48,833 --> 00:25:50,600 {\an1}IS ACTUALLY UNDERGROUND. 489 00:25:50,633 --> 00:25:52,600 {\an1}IT'S IN THEIR ROOTS, PROTECTING THEMSELVES, 490 00:25:52,633 --> 00:25:55,033 STILL ALIVE, WHEREAS ABOVE GROUND 491 00:25:55,066 --> 00:25:56,800 {\an1}IT JUST LOOKS COMPLETELY DEAD, 492 00:25:56,833 --> 00:25:59,666 {\an1}AND THEN IN THE WET SEASON, THEY QUICKLY CHANGE THAT, 493 00:25:59,700 --> 00:26:04,933 {\an1}AND THEY PUT ALL OF THE LIFE ABOVE GROUND AND QUICKLY GROW. 494 00:26:04,966 --> 00:26:08,833 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: REMEMBER, FOR 5 MONTHS, THERE'S BEEN VERY LITTLE TO EAT, 495 00:26:08,866 --> 00:26:12,000 {\an1}SO NOW IS THE TIME TO BINGE. 496 00:26:13,166 --> 00:26:14,766 NOW AS THIS GRASS STARTS TO GROW, 497 00:26:14,800 --> 00:26:16,566 {\an1}IT STARTS ATTRACTING HERBIVORES, 498 00:26:16,600 --> 00:26:20,166 {\an1}AND WILDEBEEST, WHICH ARE NOW MOVING INTO THIS AREA, 499 00:26:20,200 --> 00:26:22,766 {\an1}ARE REALLY ATTRACTED BY SHORT GRASS. 500 00:26:22,800 --> 00:26:25,333 {\an1}YOU KNOW, THE BIG HERDS OF MIGRATING WILDEBEEST 501 00:26:25,366 --> 00:26:28,933 ARE REALLY DRAWN TO THIS PART OF THE WORLD 502 00:26:28,966 --> 00:26:30,700 {\an1}DURING THE RAINY SEASON 503 00:26:30,733 --> 00:26:34,566 BECAUSE OF THAT YOUNG GRASS GROWTH. 504 00:26:34,600 --> 00:26:36,666 {\an1}SO THIS ENDLESS CYCLE OF MIGRATION 505 00:26:36,700 --> 00:26:38,366 THAT YOU SEE OF THE WILDEBEESTS COMING 506 00:26:38,400 --> 00:26:40,566 INTO THE SOUTHERN SERENGETI AND THEN MOVING 507 00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:43,866 NORTH INTO KENYA AND THEN BACK AGAIN EVERY YEAR, 508 00:26:43,900 --> 00:26:46,900 {\an1}1.2 MILLION STRONG, 509 00:26:46,933 --> 00:26:49,700 THAT'S ALL DRIVEN BY THE GROWTH OF GRASS 510 00:26:49,733 --> 00:26:52,433 AND THE RAINS THAT COME THAT SPUR IT ON. 511 00:26:54,166 --> 00:26:58,366 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: AND GUESS WHAT. THE WORLD-FAMOUS WILDEBEEST MIGRATION 512 00:26:58,400 --> 00:27:02,633 {\an1}IS HEADING IN THIS DIRECTION, LOOKING FOR GRASS. 513 00:27:02,666 --> 00:27:04,633 {\an1}THEY'VE BEEN MAKING AN EPIC JOURNEY 514 00:27:04,666 --> 00:27:07,966 {\an1}250 MILES SOUTH FROM KENYA. 515 00:27:11,100 --> 00:27:14,733 {\an1}TOGETHER, THEY CAN DRINK 3 MILLION GALLONS OF WATER 516 00:27:14,766 --> 00:27:19,066 {\an1}AND EAT UP TO 4,000 TONS OF GRASS EVERY DAY. 517 00:27:22,433 --> 00:27:25,600 {\an1}TO GET A SENSE OF THE IMPACT THEY'RE HAVING ON THE AREA 518 00:27:25,633 --> 00:27:29,933 {\an1}AND OUR WATERHOLE COMMUNITY, I'M TAKING TO THE AIR. 519 00:27:32,133 --> 00:27:34,100 {\an1}FROM THIS ALTITUDE, I CAN SEE THE ENORMITY 520 00:27:34,133 --> 00:27:36,400 {\an1}OF THIS, THE SCALE OF THIS. 521 00:27:36,433 --> 00:27:38,200 {\an1}IT'S MIND-BOGGLING. 522 00:27:38,233 --> 00:27:41,666 {\an1}THERE'S WILDEBEEST QUITE LITERALLY FROM THERE 523 00:27:41,700 --> 00:27:45,566 {\an1}ALL THE WAY ACROSS THE HORIZON, ALL THE WAY BEHIND ME, 524 00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:49,133 {\an1}AND REALLY JUST AS FAR AS THE EYE CAN SEE. 525 00:27:53,833 --> 00:27:55,500 FROM HERE, I PROBABLY AM LOOKING 526 00:27:55,533 --> 00:28:01,000 {\an1}AT MAYBE 30,000 WILDEBEEST, 40,000 WILDEBEEST, 527 00:28:01,033 --> 00:28:06,366 {\an1}BUT THIS IS JUST A SMALL PART OF THE 1.5 MILLION WILDEBEEST 528 00:28:06,400 --> 00:28:10,033 {\an1}THAT MAKE IT OUT HERE ON THEIR ANNUAL MIGRATION. 529 00:28:10,066 --> 00:28:14,000 {\an1}ALL THESE ANIMALS ARE STREAMING TOWARDS THE WATERHOLE... 530 00:28:15,966 --> 00:28:17,600 {\an1}AND JUST THEIR SHEER PRESENCE 531 00:28:17,633 --> 00:28:20,233 {\an1}IS ALREADY AFFECTING ANIMAL BEHAVIOR. 532 00:28:22,466 --> 00:28:24,633 {\an1}WE'RE NOT VERY FAR FROM OUR WATERHOLE. 533 00:28:24,666 --> 00:28:26,733 AN HOUR'S DRIVE, AND I'LL HIT OUR WATERHOLE. 534 00:28:26,766 --> 00:28:29,366 {\an1}MAYBE WE'RE 20, 30 MILES AWAY. 535 00:28:37,066 --> 00:28:39,933 {\an7}THE PREDATORS THAT USED TO HANG AROUND OUR WATERHOLE 536 00:28:39,966 --> 00:28:45,300 {\an1}MUST BE TEMPTED TO BE OUT HERE WITH THIS ENORMOUS BANQUET. 537 00:28:47,366 --> 00:28:52,166 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: I BET YOU THAT OUR HYENA CLAN IS NOW SOMEWHERE DOWN THERE, 538 00:28:52,200 --> 00:28:55,600 {\an1}TRACKING THIS MIGRATION FOR AN EASY MEAL. 539 00:28:57,433 --> 00:28:59,966 {\an1}GETTING EYE TO EYE WITH THIS HERD REVEALS 540 00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:04,000 {\an1}WHY THIS HUGE NUMBER OF ANIMALS HAVE TO KEEP MOVING. 541 00:29:05,466 --> 00:29:07,233 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THESE WILDEBEEST, 542 00:29:07,266 --> 00:29:09,333 THEY'RE ALMOST CONSTANTLY EATING. 543 00:29:09,366 --> 00:29:13,300 {\an1}NOW GRASS TURNS OUT NOT TO BE THAT NUTRITIOUS. 544 00:29:13,333 --> 00:29:16,300 {\an1}YOU'VE GOT TO EAT A LOT OF GRASS IN ORDER TO EXTRACT ENERGY, 545 00:29:16,333 --> 00:29:20,400 {\an1}AND FOR WILDEBEEST, IT'S ABOUT 6.5% OF THEIR BODY WEIGHT, 546 00:29:20,433 --> 00:29:22,900 {\an1}QUITE A LOT OF GRASS THAT THEY HAVE TO EAT. 547 00:29:22,933 --> 00:29:25,200 {\an1}A 500-, 600-POUND WILDEBEEST 548 00:29:25,233 --> 00:29:28,900 WILL HAVE TO EAT, LIKE, 50 POUNDS OF GRASS A DAY, 549 00:29:28,933 --> 00:29:32,533 {\an1}AND THAT MEANS THEY HAVE TO CONSTANTLY KEEP MOVING. 550 00:29:32,566 --> 00:29:36,066 {\an1}HEAD DOWN, EAT, MOVE, HEAD DOWN, EAT, MOVE, 551 00:29:36,100 --> 00:29:37,466 {\an1}AND THAT'S REALLY WHAT THEY DO, 552 00:29:37,500 --> 00:29:39,933 AND THEY DO THAT IN HUGE NUMBERS. 553 00:29:41,233 --> 00:29:43,600 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: BECAUSE WILDEBEEST HAVE NO LEADER, 554 00:29:43,633 --> 00:29:46,866 {\an1}THE MIGRATING HERD OFTEN BREAKS UP INTO SMALLER GROUPS 555 00:29:46,900 --> 00:29:50,233 {\an1}THAT CIRCLE THE MAIN MEGA HERD. 556 00:29:51,966 --> 00:29:56,300 {\an1}BY SPLITTING, THEY DO HAVE SOME PROTECTION FROM PREDATORS... 557 00:29:57,600 --> 00:30:00,600 BUT THERE'S NO AVOIDING THE RISK. 558 00:30:04,500 --> 00:30:07,933 {\an1}NOW WITH THAT ALSO COMES THE PREDATORS, 559 00:30:07,966 --> 00:30:10,966 {\an1}THE PREDATORS THAT DOMINATED OUR LANDSCAPE, 560 00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:13,566 OUR WATERHOLE, WHERE THEY SAT AND WAITED 561 00:30:13,600 --> 00:30:16,666 {\an1}FOR FOOD TO COME TO THEM, ARE NOW OUT AND ABOUT 562 00:30:16,700 --> 00:30:21,966 {\an1}IN THIS HUGE LANDSCAPE, HUNTING LOOKING FOR THESE WILDEBEEST. 563 00:30:22,000 --> 00:30:24,800 {\an1}WE HAVEN'T SEEN ANY LIONS YET SO FAR, 564 00:30:24,833 --> 00:30:27,033 {\an1}BUT WE KNOW THAT THERE ARE PREDATORS AROUND BECAUSE 565 00:30:27,066 --> 00:30:29,033 {\an1}WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE TOP OF THE TREES, 566 00:30:29,066 --> 00:30:31,466 {\an1}YOU CAN SEE VULTURES, AND THOSE VULTURES ARE 567 00:30:31,500 --> 00:30:34,500 {\an1}JUST HERE BECAUSE THEY KNOW THERE'S A MEAL TO BE HAD. 568 00:30:34,533 --> 00:30:37,633 WHEN YOU HAVE 1.5 MILLION WILDEBEEST, 569 00:30:37,666 --> 00:30:40,700 {\an1}YOU KNOW THAT SOME ARE GOING TO DIE TODAY. 570 00:30:46,166 --> 00:30:49,200 {\an1}IT LOOKS LIKE THIS YEAR THE MIGRATION IS GOING TO SKIRT 571 00:30:49,233 --> 00:30:50,966 {\an1}AROUND OUR WATERHOLE... 572 00:30:55,833 --> 00:30:57,233 {\an1}BUT THEY'VE DEFINITELY PULLED 573 00:30:57,266 --> 00:30:59,800 {\an1}A LOT OF PREDATORS OUT OF THE AREA... 574 00:31:01,300 --> 00:31:04,366 {\an1}AND THAT HAS TURNED OUR WATERHOLE INTO A SAFE HAVEN 575 00:31:04,400 --> 00:31:06,266 FOR MANY SPECIES. 576 00:31:06,300 --> 00:31:07,800 {\an1}[WILDEBEEST GRUNTING] 577 00:31:10,933 --> 00:31:13,800 {\an1}THE ENDLESS BANQUET OF GRASS AND FLOWERS 578 00:31:13,833 --> 00:31:17,033 ISN'T JUST BRINGING IN THE BIG STUFF. 579 00:31:17,066 --> 00:31:19,333 {\an1}IT'S ALSO ATTRACTING AN EXCITING ARRAY 580 00:31:19,366 --> 00:31:22,033 {\an1}OF INSECT LIFE TO THE WATERHOLE. 581 00:31:22,066 --> 00:31:24,266 [BUZZING] 582 00:31:27,933 --> 00:31:29,633 {\an1}THE WANDERING GLIDER MIGRATES 583 00:31:29,666 --> 00:31:34,433 {\an1}A STAGGERING 11,000 MILES FROM INDIA TO AFRICA, 584 00:31:34,466 --> 00:31:37,700 {\an1}FURTHER THAN ANY OTHER INSECT. 585 00:31:40,700 --> 00:31:43,900 AND THEY'RE NOT THE ONLY NEW ARRIVALS. 586 00:31:45,366 --> 00:31:47,933 {\an1}BUSH CRICKETS CAN HAVE ANTENNAE 587 00:31:47,966 --> 00:31:50,766 THAT ARE LONGER THAN THEIR ENTIRE BODY. 588 00:31:56,133 --> 00:32:00,900 {\an7}THE COMMON DIADEM BUTTERFLY MALE IS BLACK WITH WHITE SPOTS... 589 00:32:04,233 --> 00:32:06,466 {\an1}BUT THE FEMALE IS MAINLY ORANGE, 590 00:32:06,500 --> 00:32:10,700 {\an1}MIMICKING A TOXIC BUTTERFLY TO AVOID BEING EATEN. 591 00:32:14,733 --> 00:32:18,066 {\an1}OUR FILMING HIDE PERCHED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE WATER 592 00:32:18,100 --> 00:32:19,933 {\an1}IS ALSO PROVIDING A HOME 593 00:32:19,966 --> 00:32:22,733 {\an1}TO ONE INCREDIBLE INSECT, 594 00:32:22,766 --> 00:32:25,866 {\an1}ALTHOUGH I AM HAPPY TO WATCH FROM AFAR. 595 00:32:27,566 --> 00:32:29,933 {\an1}SO ONE OF THE REASONS I HAVEN'T GONE... 596 00:32:29,966 --> 00:32:31,800 {\an1}SPENT A LOT OF TIME IN THERE IN THAT HIDE 597 00:32:31,833 --> 00:32:35,500 {\an1}RIGHT NOW IS THERE'S ALSO A WASP NEST IN THERE, 598 00:32:35,533 --> 00:32:38,100 {\an1}AND THE WASPS HAVE FOUND THE CEILING OF THE HIDE 599 00:32:38,133 --> 00:32:42,200 {\an1}TO BE SORT OF A DRY PLACE, AND THEY BUILT A NEST THERE, 600 00:32:42,233 --> 00:32:46,766 {\an1}AND I THINK THEY'VE GOT LARVAE INSIDE THOSE TUBES, 601 00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:49,666 AND THEY'RE GONNA HATCH AT SOME POINT. 602 00:32:49,700 --> 00:32:51,333 OH, THAT'S... IS THAT A DIFFERENT ONE? 603 00:32:51,366 --> 00:32:52,742 MAN: DIFFERENT ONE. THERE ARE 3 IN THERE. 604 00:32:52,766 --> 00:32:55,100 {\an1}3 NESTS OF PAPER WASP IN THE HIDE. 605 00:32:55,133 --> 00:32:57,400 {\an1}THAT'S INCREDIBLE. 606 00:32:58,800 --> 00:33:01,166 {\an1}YOU KNOW, THESE WASPS ARE PREDATORY WASPS, 607 00:33:01,200 --> 00:33:04,766 {\an1}SO THEY'RE FINDING THINGS LIKE INSECT LARVAE THAT THEY'RE 608 00:33:04,800 --> 00:33:06,733 BRINGING BACK, AND THEY'LL END UP FEEDING 609 00:33:06,766 --> 00:33:10,466 {\an1}THE BABIES WITH THAT. 610 00:33:10,500 --> 00:33:13,300 [BUZZING] 611 00:33:13,333 --> 00:33:16,533 {\an1}I'VE MADE IT SORT OF MY LIFE TO AVOID WASPS, TO BE HONEST, 612 00:33:16,566 --> 00:33:19,000 {\an1}AND AS A KID, I GOT STUNG BY THEM QUITE BADLY, 613 00:33:19,033 --> 00:33:20,800 AND I WAS SLIGHTLY FEARFUL OF THEM, 614 00:33:20,833 --> 00:33:23,333 {\an1}SO IT'S QUITE NICE TO SIT HERE IN THE GALLERY 615 00:33:23,366 --> 00:33:26,133 {\an1}AND WATCH THESE WASPS AT WORK IN OUR HIDE 616 00:33:26,166 --> 00:33:27,733 {\an1}IN KIND OF EXQUISITE DETAIL. 617 00:33:27,766 --> 00:33:29,433 THEY'RE ACTUALLY QUITE BEAUTIFUL. 618 00:33:29,466 --> 00:33:32,200 {\an1}THESE ARE FEMALE QUEENS BASICALLY 619 00:33:32,233 --> 00:33:34,666 TRYING TO GET THEIR BABIES, THEIR LARVAE 620 00:33:34,700 --> 00:33:37,166 {\an1}TO HATCH AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE, 621 00:33:37,200 --> 00:33:38,533 {\an1}AND SHE FEEDS THEM. 622 00:33:38,566 --> 00:33:40,366 THERE'S A LOT OF PARENTAL CARE. 623 00:33:40,400 --> 00:33:42,900 {\an1}YOU THINK ABOUT A WASP OR AN INSECT 624 00:33:42,933 --> 00:33:44,476 {\an1}AND YOU THINK, "WELL, HOW MUCH PARENTAL CARE 625 00:33:44,500 --> 00:33:47,433 COULD THEY GIVE?" BUT IT'S REALLY AMAZING 626 00:33:47,466 --> 00:33:49,333 HOW MUCH ATTENTION THEY WILL PAY. 627 00:33:49,366 --> 00:33:51,800 SO FIRST OF ALL, SHE'S PICKED THE PERFECT PLACE 628 00:33:51,833 --> 00:33:53,433 FOR THESE NESTS. 629 00:33:53,466 --> 00:33:55,833 {\an1}I MEAN, THEY'RE ON THE UNDERSIDE OF A HIDE, 630 00:33:55,866 --> 00:33:57,833 {\an1}WHICH SHE HAS TO GET TO BY FLYING 631 00:33:57,866 --> 00:34:00,766 {\an1}OVER WATER AND THEN DUCKING THROUGH, YOU KNOW, 632 00:34:00,800 --> 00:34:03,333 {\an1}SORT OF THE WINDOW, BUT SHE ALSO HAS TO FEED THEM, 633 00:34:03,366 --> 00:34:06,966 {\an1}AND WHAT THEY FEED ON IS INSECT PREY, 634 00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:10,700 {\an1}WHICH SHE'LL BRING BACK IN HER MOUTH AND THEN FEED THE LARVAE, 635 00:34:10,733 --> 00:34:14,400 {\an1}TEMPTING THEM OUT TO COME OUT OF THEIR NEST BY GENTLY 636 00:34:14,433 --> 00:34:18,133 {\an1}SCRATCHING ON IT TO GIVE THEM A SIGNAL THAT SHE'S AROUND 637 00:34:18,166 --> 00:34:20,566 {\an1}AND THEN GIVE THEM FOOD. 638 00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:23,666 {\an1}I'M TOLD THAT THIS TIME OF THE YEAR 639 00:34:23,700 --> 00:34:25,333 WHEN THEY'VE GOT NESTS LIKE THIS, 640 00:34:25,366 --> 00:34:27,933 {\an1}THEY'RE ACTUALLY NOT THAT DANGEROUS 641 00:34:27,966 --> 00:34:31,066 {\an1}BECAUSE THEY'RE JUST TRYING TO BE CALM, 642 00:34:31,100 --> 00:34:32,766 {\an1}PROTECT THEIR BABIES, 643 00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:34,966 {\an1}AND BASICALLY GET THEM HATCHED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE 644 00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:37,633 SO THAT SHE'S NO LONGER TIED TO THIS NEST. 645 00:34:37,666 --> 00:34:40,433 {\an1}BUT I DON'T THINK I'M GOING TO REALLY TEST THAT OUT, 646 00:34:40,466 --> 00:34:41,966 {\an1}AND I'M QUITE HAPPY TO WATCH 647 00:34:42,000 --> 00:34:44,400 {\an1}THESE PAPER WASPS FROM OUT HERE. 648 00:34:48,100 --> 00:34:50,276 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: IT'S GREAT TO SEE THIS PLACE BECOME 649 00:34:50,300 --> 00:34:52,833 {\an1}A HOME FOR SO MANY SPECIES. 650 00:34:55,133 --> 00:34:58,933 {\an1}THE LONG-TERM AIM FOR THIS WATERHOLE IS TO PROVIDE WATER 651 00:34:58,966 --> 00:35:01,000 FOR ANIMALS 652 00:35:01,033 --> 00:35:04,766 BUT ALSO HELP REDUCE HUMAN WILDLIFE CONFLICT. 653 00:35:08,066 --> 00:35:10,633 WHILE MWIBA IS A PROTECTED RESERVE, 654 00:35:10,666 --> 00:35:13,666 {\an1}PEOPLE LIVE ON THE OUTSKIRTS. 655 00:35:13,700 --> 00:35:15,566 {\an1}THERE'S CONFLICT OVER WATER 656 00:35:15,600 --> 00:35:18,833 WITH ANIMALS LIKE ELEPHANTS IN THE DRY SEASON, 657 00:35:18,866 --> 00:35:21,133 {\an1}SO I'M INTERESTED TO SEE WHAT IS HAPPENING NOW. 658 00:35:21,166 --> 00:35:23,500 {\an1}QUITE A PRETTY FIELD. YEAH. 659 00:35:26,700 --> 00:35:28,733 JUST 10 MILES FROM THE WATERHOLE 660 00:35:28,766 --> 00:35:32,300 {\an1}IS A VILLAGE THAT HAS AN ONGOING ELEPHANT PROBLEM. 661 00:35:32,333 --> 00:35:34,500 MAN: THIS IS OUR CHIEF. SANJAYAN: OK. 662 00:35:34,533 --> 00:35:35,942 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: I'VE COME AT THE INVITATION 663 00:35:35,966 --> 00:35:38,300 OF VILLAGE CHIEF KASOMI IFAGELO, 664 00:35:38,333 --> 00:35:40,933 {\an1}WHO RUNS ONE OF THE BIGGEST FARMS IN THE AREA. 665 00:35:40,966 --> 00:35:43,400 THIS IS OUR CHIEF OF THE VILLAGE. 666 00:35:43,433 --> 00:35:45,176 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: SYLVESTER, A LOCAL GUIDE, 667 00:35:45,200 --> 00:35:47,966 IS MY TRANSLATOR. 668 00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:50,000 SANJAYAN: AND WHAT ARE THEY GROWING HERE? 669 00:35:50,033 --> 00:35:52,333 {\an7}[SPEAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE] 670 00:36:05,200 --> 00:36:07,033 {\an8}AND THE VILLAGE IS VERY CLOSE 671 00:36:07,066 --> 00:36:08,566 {\an8}TO MWIBA, RIGHT, IT'S IN THE MIDDLE 672 00:36:08,600 --> 00:36:12,300 OF ALL THIS CONSERVATION AREAS, 673 00:36:12,333 --> 00:36:14,366 ALL AROUND IT. YES, YES, YES. 674 00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:18,233 SO THEY MUST HAVE ELEPHANT OR BUFFALO 675 00:36:18,266 --> 00:36:19,733 COMING INTO THE CROPS. 676 00:36:53,433 --> 00:36:55,566 {\an8}IS THE PROBLEM WORSE 677 00:36:55,600 --> 00:36:58,233 {\an8}IN THE DRY SEASON OR THE WET SEASON? 678 00:37:09,166 --> 00:37:11,066 {\an8}SO THE MORE DANGER IS WHEN THERE'S 679 00:37:11,100 --> 00:37:12,309 {\an5}A BIG GROUP OF ELEPHANT. BIG GROUP, YEAH. 680 00:37:12,333 --> 00:37:13,633 HOW BIG CAN THE GROUPS BE 681 00:37:13,666 --> 00:37:15,233 IN THE WET SEASON? 682 00:37:27,000 --> 00:37:28,833 {\an8}80 ELEPHANTS? YES, YES. 683 00:37:28,866 --> 00:37:30,409 CAN YOU IMAGINE WHAT 80 ELEPHANTS WOULD LOOK LIKE 684 00:37:30,433 --> 00:37:32,200 GOING THROUGH HERE? YEAH, SURE. 685 00:37:32,233 --> 00:37:34,066 [ROOSTER CROWING] 686 00:37:34,100 --> 00:37:36,542 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: THE HOPE IS THAT EVENTUALLY OUR WATERHOLE 687 00:37:36,566 --> 00:37:39,700 {\an1}WILL HELP KEEP ELEPHANTS MOSTLY IN THE RESERVE... 688 00:37:39,733 --> 00:37:41,933 [CLUCKING] 689 00:37:41,966 --> 00:37:44,633 {\an1}BUT IN THE MEANTIME, A CONSERVATION OFFICER 690 00:37:44,666 --> 00:37:47,300 HAS COME UP WITH INVENTIVE SOLUTIONS 691 00:37:47,333 --> 00:37:49,333 {\an1}TO KEEP ELEPHANTS AWAY. 692 00:37:49,366 --> 00:37:51,866 {\an1}HIS NAME IS SEEJA SOLUMU. 693 00:37:51,900 --> 00:37:54,966 OK. SO WHAT DOES HE USE TO CHASE ELEPHANTS? 694 00:37:55,000 --> 00:37:56,600 {\an1}[SPEAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE] 695 00:37:56,633 --> 00:37:57,733 [HONK] 696 00:37:57,766 --> 00:37:58,966 {\an8}JEEZ. 697 00:38:04,733 --> 00:38:06,000 {\an7}CHA CHA CHA! 698 00:38:26,300 --> 00:38:28,200 {\an7}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: WHEN HORNS ARE NOT ENOUGH, 699 00:38:28,233 --> 00:38:31,066 SEEJA PULLS OUT THE BIG GUNS. 700 00:38:31,100 --> 00:38:33,833 {\an1}OUT HERE, IT'S NOT WHAT YOU MIGHT THINK. 701 00:38:33,866 --> 00:38:36,400 {\an1}SO THIS THEY'RE TOLD TO CARRY... 702 00:38:36,433 --> 00:38:38,666 HE ACTUALLY HAS... OH, A CONDOM. 703 00:38:38,700 --> 00:38:40,333 CONDOM. HA HA HA! 704 00:38:40,366 --> 00:38:41,600 THAT'S THE FIRST IN THE SHOW. 705 00:38:41,633 --> 00:38:43,266 ANOTHER USE OF CONDOM. 706 00:38:43,300 --> 00:38:44,933 I GUESS SO. 707 00:38:44,966 --> 00:38:46,542 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: BY PUTTING A FIRECRACKER 708 00:38:46,566 --> 00:38:48,700 {\an1}AND SOME CHILI POWDER IN A CONDOM... WOW! 709 00:38:48,733 --> 00:38:52,300 {\an1}SEEJA IS TRYING TO USE SOUND AND SMELL 710 00:38:52,333 --> 00:38:54,400 {\an1}TO SCARE ELEPHANTS AWAY. 711 00:38:54,433 --> 00:38:56,566 {\an1}[SPEAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE] 712 00:38:56,600 --> 00:38:58,133 KIND OF WHAT'S INGENIOUS ABOUT THIS 713 00:38:58,166 --> 00:39:00,466 IS THAT THEY'RE MAKING ALL OF THIS 714 00:39:00,500 --> 00:39:02,166 FROM THINGS THAT THEY CAN GET LOCALLY, 715 00:39:02,200 --> 00:39:03,966 AND I ACTUALLY REALLY LIKE THAT. 716 00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:06,633 YOU CAN BUY A CONDOM IN ANY DRUG STORE AROUND HERE. 717 00:39:06,666 --> 00:39:08,466 YOU KNOW, FIRECRACKERS ARE WELL AVAILABLE, 718 00:39:08,500 --> 00:39:10,633 AND THEY'RE USING LOCAL CHILI AND LOCAL SAND. 719 00:39:10,666 --> 00:39:12,766 SO IT'S NOT VERY HIGH-TECH, 720 00:39:12,800 --> 00:39:14,966 BUT IT'S AVAILABLE TO VILLAGERS. 721 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:16,966 THAT'S PROBABLY WHAT MAKES IT MOST EFFECTIVE. 722 00:39:17,000 --> 00:39:18,666 LOOK AT THAT. 723 00:39:18,700 --> 00:39:20,533 YOU KNOW, THERE'S A NUMBER OF JOKES 724 00:39:20,566 --> 00:39:22,100 RUNNING THROUGH MY HEAD RIGHT NOW, 725 00:39:22,133 --> 00:39:24,200 ALL OF THEM PROBABLY NOT USEFUL. 726 00:39:26,800 --> 00:39:28,366 {\an3}WOW! 727 00:39:28,400 --> 00:39:30,600 {\an1}OK. SO THE CHILI BOMB IS READY. 728 00:39:30,633 --> 00:39:32,966 {\an1}[SPEAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE] 729 00:39:43,900 --> 00:39:45,766 {\an8}THE SAND WILL SPREAD IT, 730 00:39:45,800 --> 00:39:47,366 {\an7}AND THE CHILIES... 731 00:39:50,066 --> 00:39:52,133 {\an8}WE'RE GONNA HAVE TO GO LIGHT IT SOMEWHERE. 732 00:39:52,166 --> 00:39:53,333 NOT HERE. 733 00:39:53,366 --> 00:39:54,633 NO. WE HAVE TO. 734 00:39:54,666 --> 00:39:57,133 YOU CANNOT... THAT IS IMPOSSIBLE 735 00:39:57,166 --> 00:39:58,766 TO NOT LIGHT THIS THING. 736 00:39:58,800 --> 00:40:02,300 WE WILL ACTUALLY, UH, CHASE AWAY PEOPLE HERE. 737 00:40:02,333 --> 00:40:04,133 I DON'T CARE HOW FAR WE HAVE TO GO. 738 00:40:04,166 --> 00:40:06,766 THERE'S NO WAY WE'RE NOT LIGHTING THAT. 739 00:40:06,800 --> 00:40:09,300 {\an1}HA HA! HA HA HA! 740 00:40:09,333 --> 00:40:10,966 WITH THESE PEPPER CONDOM BOMBS, 741 00:40:11,000 --> 00:40:13,566 {\an1}THE TRICK APPARENTLY IS THAT YOU HAVE TO 742 00:40:13,600 --> 00:40:16,466 {\an1}HOIST IT HIGH IN THE AIR SO THAT ONCE 743 00:40:16,500 --> 00:40:18,133 {\an1}IT GETS DOWN THERE IT BLOWS UP. 744 00:40:18,166 --> 00:40:20,066 {\an1}OTHERWISE, IF YOU JUST CHUCK IT STRAIGHT OUT, 745 00:40:20,100 --> 00:40:21,800 {\an1}IT'LL JUST SIT THERE FOR A WHILE 746 00:40:21,833 --> 00:40:23,500 {\an1}BEFORE THE FUSE BURNS DOWN. 747 00:40:23,533 --> 00:40:26,866 {\an1}SO THERE'S A WHOLE SCIENCE OF ARCING THIS THING OVER 748 00:40:26,900 --> 00:40:29,500 TO GET IT TO NEAR WHERE THE ELEPHANT IS 749 00:40:29,533 --> 00:40:32,800 {\an1}SO JUST AS IT'S COMING DOWN IT EXPLODES. 750 00:40:35,933 --> 00:40:39,366 OH! 751 00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:41,400 {\an1}NO BOOM. SYLVESTER: NOTHING. 752 00:40:43,500 --> 00:40:46,200 SANJAYAN: MOTHER OF GOD. 753 00:40:46,233 --> 00:40:48,833 NOTHING. 754 00:40:48,866 --> 00:40:50,542 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: I THINK IT'S SAFE TO SAY 755 00:40:50,566 --> 00:40:52,666 {\an1}THAT NO ELEPHANTS, OR CONDOMS FOR THAT MATTER, 756 00:40:52,700 --> 00:40:54,633 WERE HARMED DURING THIS FILMING. 757 00:40:54,666 --> 00:40:56,766 {\an1}SANJAYAN: WE'LL JUST DO IT IN POST. 758 00:40:56,800 --> 00:40:58,733 [LAUGHTER] 759 00:40:58,766 --> 00:41:00,442 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: HERE'S WHAT SHOULD HAVE HAPPENED. 760 00:41:00,466 --> 00:41:01,900 [TAPE REWINDING] 761 00:41:01,933 --> 00:41:03,566 {\an1}[FLICKING LIGHTER] 762 00:41:06,700 --> 00:41:08,300 [CRACK] 763 00:41:08,333 --> 00:41:09,742 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: A BIG NOISE LOUD ENOUGH 764 00:41:09,766 --> 00:41:11,766 {\an1}TO PUT OFF ANY ELEPHANTS IN THE AREA 765 00:41:11,800 --> 00:41:13,700 {\an1}BUT NOT ACTUALLY HARM THEM, 766 00:41:13,733 --> 00:41:17,400 {\an1}SAVING THEIR LIVES AND THE VILLAGERS' CROPS. 767 00:41:20,300 --> 00:41:26,266 ♪ 768 00:41:26,300 --> 00:41:27,866 {\an1}BACK AT THE WATERHOLE, 769 00:41:27,900 --> 00:41:30,733 {\an1}THERE'S A DIFFERENT EXPLOSION GOING ON... 770 00:41:33,266 --> 00:41:35,966 {\an1}AN EXPLOSION OF INSECT LIFE. 771 00:41:38,733 --> 00:41:41,933 {\an1}HOVERFLIES ARE HARMLESS, BUT THEY MIMIC WASPS 772 00:41:41,966 --> 00:41:45,266 AND STINGING BEES TO WARD OFF PREDATORS. 773 00:41:47,400 --> 00:41:51,666 {\an1}LEAF ROLLER MOTHS PUPATE FROM INSIDE A ROLLED-UP LEAF 774 00:41:51,700 --> 00:41:55,033 SEALED SHUT WITH THE CATERPILLAR SILK. 775 00:41:59,466 --> 00:42:03,666 NEW INSECT LIFE IS ATTRACTING MORE BIRD SPECIES, 776 00:42:03,700 --> 00:42:06,966 {\an1}INCLUDING ONE THAT HAS DECIDED TO BE ROOMMATES 777 00:42:07,000 --> 00:42:10,066 {\an7}WITH PAPER WASPS IN OUR HIDE. 778 00:42:10,100 --> 00:42:12,466 {\an7}WE GOT A PAIR OF SWALLOWS THAT HAVE MADE 779 00:42:12,500 --> 00:42:15,500 {\an7}OUR HIDE BY THE WATERHOLE THEIR OWN HOME. 780 00:42:17,100 --> 00:42:18,809 {\an7}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: EARLY IN THE DRY SEASON, 781 00:42:18,833 --> 00:42:21,700 {\an7}OUR CAMERAS CAPTURED THE MOMENT WHEN THESE SWALLOWS 782 00:42:21,733 --> 00:42:25,200 {\an7}WERE FIRST CHOOSING WHERE TO BUILD A NEST. 783 00:42:27,466 --> 00:42:31,133 {\an7}THESE SWALLOWS TYPICALLY NEST UNDER BRIDGES FOR PROTECTION, 784 00:42:31,166 --> 00:42:35,400 {\an7}AND THE ROOF OF OUR HIDE OFFERS A GREAT ALTERNATIVE. 785 00:42:37,133 --> 00:42:41,700 {\an7}OUR WATERHOLE ALSO PROVIDED THE BUILDING MATERIALS. 786 00:42:41,733 --> 00:42:44,500 {\an8}THEY CONSTRUCT THEIR NESTS FROM MUD, 787 00:42:44,533 --> 00:42:47,733 {\an8}AND YOU CAN SEE THIS ONE'S BEAK FULL OF MUD 788 00:42:47,766 --> 00:42:50,366 {\an8}DECIDING WHERE TO START PLASTERING. 789 00:42:50,400 --> 00:42:53,366 {\an8}[CHIRPING] 790 00:42:53,400 --> 00:42:55,500 {\an1}REALLY A BEAUTIFUL SWALLOW. 791 00:42:55,533 --> 00:42:57,300 {\an1}USUALLY SWIFTS AND SWALLOWS, 792 00:42:57,333 --> 00:42:59,900 {\an1}YOU SEE THEM IN FLIGHT, THEY'RE QUITE HIGH UP, 793 00:42:59,933 --> 00:43:01,766 {\an1}AND THEY JUST LOOK LIKE SILHOUETTES 794 00:43:01,800 --> 00:43:04,400 {\an1}LIKE LITTLE FIGHTER JETS ZOOMING ACROSS THE SKY, 795 00:43:04,433 --> 00:43:07,033 BUT THESE ONES ARE PROBABLY, I THINK, 796 00:43:07,066 --> 00:43:09,733 {\an1}THE PRETTIEST SWALLOWS THAT YOU CAN FIND AROUND HERE. 797 00:43:09,766 --> 00:43:11,433 THEY HAVE REALLY DISTINCT MARKINGS. 798 00:43:11,466 --> 00:43:13,833 {\an1}THEY HAVE JUST WONDERFUL STRIPES UNDER THEIR BELLY 799 00:43:13,866 --> 00:43:16,300 {\an1}AND THEIR CHIN AND THEN A REAL RED HEAD 800 00:43:16,333 --> 00:43:19,933 {\an1}AND THEN THESE V-SHAPED TAIL. 801 00:43:19,966 --> 00:43:22,533 THEY'RE CALLED THE LESSER STRIPED SWALLOW, 802 00:43:22,566 --> 00:43:26,600 {\an1}AND THEY'RE NOT RESIDENT HERE. THEY'RE ACTUALLY MIGRANTS HERE. 803 00:43:26,633 --> 00:43:30,100 {\an1}THEY LIVE IN SOUTHERN PART OF AFRICA IN, LIKE, SOUTH AFRICA, 804 00:43:30,133 --> 00:43:31,900 {\an1}AND THEN THEY MAKE THEIR WAY FURTHER NORTH 805 00:43:31,933 --> 00:43:36,033 {\an1}ALL THE WAY UP HERE TO TANZANIA, WHERE THEY BREED. 806 00:43:38,400 --> 00:43:40,033 WE DON'T YET KNOW HOW MANY CHICKS 807 00:43:40,066 --> 00:43:44,600 ARE IN THE NEST, BUT THE PARENTS ARE FLAT-OUT. 808 00:43:44,633 --> 00:43:47,900 WE SEE THEM BRING BACK FOOD EVERY 20 MINUTES. 809 00:43:47,933 --> 00:43:51,100 {\an1}ONE THING THAT WE'RE NOT SHORT OF RIGHT NOW ARE BUGS. 810 00:43:51,133 --> 00:43:52,900 I MEAN, THEY'RE JUST EVERYWHERE, 811 00:43:52,933 --> 00:43:56,333 {\an1}AND THE MOST NUISANCE BUGS THAT YOU FIND ARE REALLY FLIES 812 00:43:56,366 --> 00:43:59,800 {\an1}THAT ARE HERE REALLY ATTRACTED BY THE MIGRATION 813 00:43:59,833 --> 00:44:02,666 THAT'S HAPPENING SORT OF ALL AROUND US, 814 00:44:02,700 --> 00:44:05,033 AND THAT'S WHAT THESE GUYS ARE AFTER. 815 00:44:05,066 --> 00:44:06,966 I MEAN, THESE SWALLOWS AND SWIFTS CATCH 816 00:44:07,000 --> 00:44:10,300 {\an1}INSECTS ON THE WING, USUALLY QUITE HIGH UP IN THE AIR, 817 00:44:10,333 --> 00:44:13,633 {\an1}AND THERE'S SUCH A PROFUSION OF INSECT LIFE RIGHT NOW 818 00:44:13,666 --> 00:44:16,433 {\an1}THAT IT'S NOT GOING TO BE ANY PROBLEM FOR THESE SWALLOWS 819 00:44:16,466 --> 00:44:19,066 {\an1}TO FEED THEIR BABIES. 820 00:44:21,900 --> 00:44:25,500 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: EVEN BETTER, SINCE SWALLOWS RETURN TO THE SAME NEST SITE 821 00:44:25,533 --> 00:44:27,466 YEAR AFTER YEAR, 822 00:44:27,500 --> 00:44:31,500 {\an1}OUR HIDE COULD WELL BE THEIR HOME LONG INTO THE FUTURE. 823 00:44:36,633 --> 00:44:40,266 OUR SPECIES LIST IS NOW APPROACHING 100. 824 00:44:41,966 --> 00:44:45,600 {\an1}THE NUMBER AND VARIETY OF SPECIES IS IMPRESSIVE 825 00:44:45,633 --> 00:44:48,866 {\an1}CONSIDERING THE WATERHOLE IS JUST 6 MONTHS OLD... 826 00:44:51,100 --> 00:44:52,700 {\an1}BUT HOW DOES IT COMPARE 827 00:44:52,733 --> 00:44:55,566 TO A NATURALLY OCCURRING WATER SOURCE? 828 00:44:57,933 --> 00:45:00,966 {\an1}MWIBA IS PART OF ONE OF THE OLDEST ECOSYSTEMS 829 00:45:01,000 --> 00:45:04,900 {\an1}ON EARTH, THE SERENGETI, 830 00:45:04,933 --> 00:45:07,466 {\an8}AND 4 MILES FROM OUR WATERHOLE IS ONE 831 00:45:07,500 --> 00:45:10,233 {\an8}OF THE OLDEST WATER POINTS ON THE RESERVE. 832 00:45:10,266 --> 00:45:12,633 {\an7}IT'S CALLED SELE SPRINGS. 833 00:45:15,633 --> 00:45:17,566 {\an7}IT'S HUNDREDS OF YEARS OLD 834 00:45:17,600 --> 00:45:20,633 {\an7}BUT ALMOST DISAPPEARED IN THE DRY SEASON. 835 00:45:22,633 --> 00:45:26,366 {\an1}THANKS TO THE RECENT RAINS, IT'S FULL AGAIN. 836 00:45:29,800 --> 00:45:32,566 {\an1}TO FIND OUT HOW THIS ANCIENT SPRING CONTRASTS 837 00:45:32,600 --> 00:45:34,666 {\an1}TO OUR FLEDGLING WATERHOLE, 838 00:45:34,700 --> 00:45:37,566 WE'VE BROUGHT IN DR. MEREDITH PALMER. 839 00:45:39,000 --> 00:45:41,633 {\an1}SHE'S BEEN STUDYING THE SERENGETI ECOSYSTEM 840 00:45:41,666 --> 00:45:44,566 {\an1}FOR OVER A DECADE, AND SHE'S BEEN USING 841 00:45:44,600 --> 00:45:46,633 {\an1}CAMERA TRAPS AT SELE SPRINGS 842 00:45:46,666 --> 00:45:49,366 TO GATHER DATA OVER THE PAST 6 MONTHS. 843 00:45:49,400 --> 00:45:51,033 {\an1}PALMER: SO HERE IF WE'RE FOCUSING 844 00:45:51,066 --> 00:45:53,366 {\an1}ON THE MAMMAL SPECIES SHOWING UP AT EACH SITE, 845 00:45:53,400 --> 00:45:56,033 {\an1}WE CAN SEE THAT HERE AT SELE SPRINGS 846 00:45:56,066 --> 00:45:59,733 {\an1}WE HAVE VERY SIMILAR NUMBERS OF MAMMALS SHOWING UP. 847 00:45:59,766 --> 00:46:01,900 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: INCREDIBLY, OUR WATERHOLE 848 00:46:01,933 --> 00:46:05,966 {\an1}IS ALREADY SUSTAINING AS MANY SPECIES AS SELE... 849 00:46:07,833 --> 00:46:09,366 {\an1}AND THERE ARE SOME ANIMALS 850 00:46:09,400 --> 00:46:12,566 {\an1}THAT ARE ONLY COMING TO OUR NEW WATERHOLE. 851 00:46:14,633 --> 00:46:17,233 {\an7}WE'RE GETTING MORE MONGOOSE, 852 00:46:17,266 --> 00:46:20,800 {\an7}PORCUPINE, RABBITS SPRING HARES, 853 00:46:20,833 --> 00:46:22,833 {\an7}A LOT MORE MONKEYS HERE. 854 00:46:24,433 --> 00:46:26,100 {\an1}AT OUR WATERHOLE ON THE OTHER HAND, 855 00:46:26,133 --> 00:46:28,133 {\an1}WE'RE GETTING SERVALS. 856 00:46:29,333 --> 00:46:33,100 {\an1}WE HAVE THINGS LIKE WATERBUCK, KUDU, 857 00:46:33,133 --> 00:46:35,500 {\an1}BUT WE DON'T SEE THEM AT SELE SPRINGS. 858 00:46:38,766 --> 00:46:40,609 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: DR. PALMER'S RESEARCH IS ALSO 859 00:46:40,633 --> 00:46:43,400 {\an1}SHOWING THAT WILDLIFE IS BEHAVING DIFFERENTLY 860 00:46:43,433 --> 00:46:45,000 AT EACH SITE. 861 00:46:51,433 --> 00:46:54,133 {\an1}DESPITE IT BEING NEW IN THE LANDSCAPE, 862 00:46:54,166 --> 00:46:56,333 THE ANIMALS ARE MORE COMFORTABLE DRINKING 863 00:46:56,366 --> 00:46:59,466 {\an1}AT OUR WATERHOLE THEN AT SELE. 864 00:46:59,500 --> 00:47:02,566 {\an1}PALMER: SO IMPALA ARE SPENDING FAR MORE TIME THERE 865 00:47:02,600 --> 00:47:04,500 {\an1}THAN THEY ARE AT SELE. 866 00:47:04,533 --> 00:47:07,200 {\an1}WE CAN SEE THE SAME WITH GIRAFFE. 867 00:47:08,833 --> 00:47:10,342 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: AT OUR WATERHOLE, 868 00:47:10,366 --> 00:47:14,133 {\an1}IMPALA STAY FOR AROUND HALF AN HOUR... 869 00:47:14,166 --> 00:47:15,700 {\an1}TWICE THE LENGTH OF TIME 870 00:47:15,733 --> 00:47:18,400 THEY SPEND AT THE NATURAL SPRINGS. 871 00:47:19,866 --> 00:47:23,200 THAT'S THE SAME FOR ZEBRA AND GIRAFFE. 872 00:47:25,766 --> 00:47:26,966 WHY DO YOU THINK THAT IS? 873 00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:28,666 {\an1}COULD BE A SAFETY ISSUE. 874 00:47:28,700 --> 00:47:31,033 {\an1}OUR WATERHOLE IS A LITTLE BIT MORE OPEN. 875 00:47:31,066 --> 00:47:32,866 {\an1}YOU CAN SEE THE PREDATORS COMING, 876 00:47:32,900 --> 00:47:36,100 {\an1}AND THEY MIGHT FEEL SAFER TO STAY LONGER. 877 00:47:40,066 --> 00:47:43,033 {\an1}SANJAYAN: BY WORKING WITH MWIBA AND THE LOCAL COMMUNITY 878 00:47:43,066 --> 00:47:46,166 {\an1}TO BUILD OUR WATERHOLE IN AN OPEN AREA, 879 00:47:46,200 --> 00:47:50,033 {\an1}WE'VE MADE IT A SAFER PLACE FOR MANY ANIMALS TO VISIT. 880 00:47:51,600 --> 00:47:55,133 {\an1}PREDATORS HAVE FEWER CHANCES TO HIDE, 881 00:47:55,166 --> 00:47:57,733 AND AS A RESULT, A LOT OF SPECIES 882 00:47:57,766 --> 00:48:02,433 {\an1}SEEM TO BE TAKING THEIR TIME AT THIS BRAND-NEW WATER SOURCE. 883 00:48:06,466 --> 00:48:09,266 WHAT IS SURPRISING, I MEAN, IT REALLY IS KIND OF STUNNING TO ME 884 00:48:09,300 --> 00:48:12,033 THAT, YOU KNOW, WE COULD PUT A WATERHOLE IN 885 00:48:12,066 --> 00:48:14,600 IN A PLACE THAT DIDN'T HAVE WATER BEFORE... 886 00:48:14,633 --> 00:48:16,100 {\an1}MM-HMM. AND SO QUICKLY GET 887 00:48:16,133 --> 00:48:19,100 THE SAME NUMBER OF SPECIES ROUGHLY, 888 00:48:19,133 --> 00:48:20,933 NOT NECESSARILY THE EXACT SAME SPECIES, 889 00:48:20,966 --> 00:48:23,533 BUT THAT ANIMALS DO FIND THEM AND START USING IT 890 00:48:23,566 --> 00:48:24,942 PRETTY QUICKLY, PARTICULARLY THE BIG ONES. 891 00:48:24,966 --> 00:48:26,800 {\an1}YEAH, I THINK IT'S AMAZING HOW QUICKLY 892 00:48:26,833 --> 00:48:28,400 {\an1}THE COMMUNITY ASSEMBLED 893 00:48:28,433 --> 00:48:31,200 {\an1}AT OUR WATERHOLE, HOW MANY ANIMALS WE GOT 894 00:48:31,233 --> 00:48:33,100 {\an1}AND HOW SOON THEY SHOWED UP. 895 00:48:33,133 --> 00:48:35,233 {\an1}WE'RE SEEING THE SAME FORCES SHAPE 896 00:48:35,266 --> 00:48:37,500 {\an1}ANIMAL BEHAVIOR AT OUR WATERHOLE 897 00:48:37,533 --> 00:48:40,000 {\an1}AND AT OTHER WATERHOLES LIKE THIS, 898 00:48:40,033 --> 00:48:42,933 {\an1}AND EVEN THOUGH IT'S STILL AN EXPERIMENT IN PROGRESS, 899 00:48:42,966 --> 00:48:45,066 {\an1}THE COMMUNITY IS STILL JOSTLING 900 00:48:45,100 --> 00:48:47,733 {\an1}AND ASSEMBLING AND BECOMING A WATERHOLE. 901 00:48:47,766 --> 00:48:50,533 {\an1}HAVING THE OPPORTUNITY TO LOOK THROUGH ALL THIS DATA 902 00:48:50,566 --> 00:48:54,466 {\an1}AND AT SUCH A FINE SCALE HAS JUST BEEN REALLY FASCINATING. 903 00:48:54,500 --> 00:48:56,000 I GUESS ONE THING IT TELLS ME THAT 904 00:48:56,033 --> 00:48:59,533 IN A LANDSCAPE THAT IS PATCHY WITH RESPECT 905 00:48:59,566 --> 00:49:01,466 TO WATER... WATER SOURCES 906 00:49:01,500 --> 00:49:03,766 ARE THERE ONE DAY AND GONE THE NEXT... 907 00:49:03,800 --> 00:49:06,100 ANIMALS IN THIS PART OF AFRICA ARE 908 00:49:06,133 --> 00:49:07,700 SUPREMELY ADAPTED. 909 00:49:07,733 --> 00:49:09,033 {\an1}YEAH. CHANGING THEIR BEHAVIOR 910 00:49:09,066 --> 00:49:10,633 TO FIT THE LOCAL CONDITIONS 911 00:49:10,666 --> 00:49:12,633 AND TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OPPORTUNITY. 912 00:49:12,666 --> 00:49:13,833 {\an1}EXACTLY. 913 00:49:13,866 --> 00:49:15,033 IT'S KIND OF COOL. 914 00:49:15,066 --> 00:49:16,333 {\an1}YEAH. YEAH. HEH HEH. 915 00:49:24,033 --> 00:49:26,533 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: IT'S OUR LAST DAY... 916 00:49:26,566 --> 00:49:30,066 {\an1}AND WE'RE STILL ADDING NEW ANIMALS TO THE SPECIES LIST. 917 00:49:33,466 --> 00:49:37,166 {\an1}THE HOOPOE IS NAMED AFTER ITS DISTINCT CALL 918 00:49:37,200 --> 00:49:40,000 {\an1}THAT SOUNDS A BIT LIKE "HOOP HOOP." 919 00:49:40,033 --> 00:49:41,966 [HOOP HOOP] 920 00:49:42,000 --> 00:49:45,700 {\an7}THE WOODLAND KINGFISHER IS ONE OF MANY KINGFISHER SPECIES 921 00:49:45,733 --> 00:49:47,733 {\an7}THAT DON'T JUST EAT FISH. 922 00:49:47,766 --> 00:49:51,966 {\an7}THEY ALSO HUNT INSECTS, FROGS, AND EVEN SNAKES... 923 00:49:53,300 --> 00:49:56,666 {\an1}AND THE RUFOUS-TAILED WEAVER. IS A MONOGAMOUS BIRD 924 00:49:56,700 --> 00:49:59,633 {\an1}THAT IS ONLY FOUND HERE IN EAST AFRICA 925 00:49:59,666 --> 00:50:02,000 {\an1}AND NOWHERE ELSE IN THE WORLD. 926 00:50:05,366 --> 00:50:08,533 {\an1}WE'VE BEEN RECORDING A HUGE VARIETY OF WILDLIFE 927 00:50:08,566 --> 00:50:10,533 {\an1}OVER THE LAST 6 MONTHS... 928 00:50:13,766 --> 00:50:17,466 {\an1}SO LET'S DRILL INTO THE DATA TO SEE HOW THIS WATERHOLE 929 00:50:17,500 --> 00:50:20,033 {\an1}ACTUALLY FUNCTIONED OVER TIME. 930 00:50:22,900 --> 00:50:25,266 YOU KNOW, WE HAD SOMETHING LIKE 1,400 HOURS 931 00:50:25,300 --> 00:50:28,066 OF CAMERA DATA, OF OBSERVATION 932 00:50:28,100 --> 00:50:30,533 {\an1}THAT GAVE US ALMOST 800 MAMMAL SIGHTINGS 933 00:50:30,566 --> 00:50:35,233 {\an1}AT THIS WATERHOLE, WHICH IS AN ASTONISHING DATA SET. 934 00:50:35,266 --> 00:50:36,600 [HUFFS] 935 00:50:38,300 --> 00:50:40,533 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: BEYOND ALL EXPECTATIONS, 936 00:50:40,566 --> 00:50:46,633 {\an1}WE HAD NO LESS THAN 105 SPECIES VISITING OUR WATERHOLE, 937 00:50:46,666 --> 00:50:50,066 AND THE DATA GIVES US SOME GREAT INSIGHT. 938 00:50:51,766 --> 00:50:55,066 {\an1}THE BIGGEST HERD AWARD GOES TO CAPE BUFFALO. 939 00:50:55,100 --> 00:50:57,533 THEY REGULARLY TOOK OVER THE WATERHOLE 940 00:50:57,566 --> 00:51:00,600 {\an1}WITH OVER 80 INDIVIDUALS AT A TIME... 941 00:51:02,000 --> 00:51:05,666 {\an1}BUT THEY DIDN'T SPEND THE MOST AMOUNT OF TIME DRINKING. 942 00:51:06,933 --> 00:51:10,000 CLOCKING UP AN IMPRESSIVE 19 HOURS, 943 00:51:10,033 --> 00:51:12,900 {\an1}IMPALAS TAKE THAT CROWN. 944 00:51:14,400 --> 00:51:17,566 {\an1}THEY LOVED THE SAFETY PROVIDED BY THE OPEN LANDSCAPE 945 00:51:17,600 --> 00:51:19,333 {\an1}AROUND THE WATERHOLE. 946 00:51:21,166 --> 00:51:24,033 {\an1}OF ALL THE ANIMALS THAT SHOWED UP, THERE WAS 947 00:51:24,066 --> 00:51:28,833 {\an1}ONE SPECIES THAT CAME TO OUR WATERHOLE MORE THAN ANY OTHER, 948 00:51:28,866 --> 00:51:31,966 AND IT'S NOT WHO YOU MIGHT THINK. 949 00:51:32,000 --> 00:51:33,466 {\an1}[ELEPHANT TRUMPETS] 950 00:51:33,500 --> 00:51:36,500 THE TOP VISITOR TO THE WATERHOLE WAS... 951 00:51:36,533 --> 00:51:39,133 {\an1}[HYENA CHATTERING] 952 00:51:39,166 --> 00:51:40,766 SPOTTED HYENA. 953 00:51:42,533 --> 00:51:45,633 {\an1}IT TURNS OUT THAT BUFFALOES AND HYENAS 954 00:51:45,666 --> 00:51:47,533 {\an1}REALLY DOMINATED THIS WATERHOLE. 955 00:51:47,566 --> 00:51:50,300 {\an1}THEY CAME OVER AND OVER AGAIN. 956 00:51:50,333 --> 00:51:52,100 {\an1}I MIGHT HAVE GUESSED BUFFALOES. 957 00:51:52,133 --> 00:51:54,166 I WOULD HAVE NEVER GUESSED HYENAS. 958 00:51:56,600 --> 00:51:59,833 {\an1}SANJAYAN, VOICE-OVER: I'D ALWAYS ASSUMED THAT WATER-DEPENDENT HERBIVORES 959 00:51:59,866 --> 00:52:03,033 {\an1}WOULD VISIT THE WATERHOLE THE MOST, 960 00:52:03,066 --> 00:52:04,866 BUT IT'S ACTUALLY GREAT NEWS THAT 961 00:52:04,900 --> 00:52:07,200 {\an1}HYENAS CAME SO FREQUENTLY. 962 00:52:08,733 --> 00:52:11,133 {\an1}SCIENTISTS KNOW THAT THEY CAN EAT ANIMALS THAT 963 00:52:11,166 --> 00:52:13,466 {\an1}HAVE DIED FROM DISEASE, 964 00:52:13,500 --> 00:52:17,200 {\an1}DISEASE THAT MIGHT PROVE DEADLY TO OTHER SPECIES. 965 00:52:20,033 --> 00:52:24,033 {\an1}THEIR STOMACH ACID AND IMMUNE SYSTEM IS SO STRONG, 966 00:52:24,066 --> 00:52:27,700 {\an1}THEY CAN EVEN DIGEST ANTHRAX AND SURVIVE. 967 00:52:31,566 --> 00:52:34,366 IF THEY RETURN, HYENAS WILL HELP KEEP 968 00:52:34,400 --> 00:52:39,166 {\an1}THIS NEW ECOSYSTEM HEALTHY, ACTING AS THE CLEANUP CREW, 969 00:52:39,200 --> 00:52:43,033 EATING CARCASSES THAT COULD SPREAD DISEASE. 970 00:52:47,866 --> 00:52:52,833 {\an1}THIS HAS BEEN AN INCREDIBLE EXPERIMENT ON A GRAND SCALE. 971 00:52:52,866 --> 00:52:55,933 {\an1}WE'VE HAD A RARE CHANCE TO SEE A WHOLE COMMUNITY 972 00:52:55,966 --> 00:52:59,200 {\an1}OF WILDLIFE TAKING SHAPE AROUND A WATERHOLE 973 00:52:59,233 --> 00:53:03,133 {\an1}THAT JUST 6 MONTHS AGO DIDN'T EVEN EXIST. 974 00:53:04,733 --> 00:53:07,733 {\an1}AND THE GREAT THING IS, IT'S HERE TO STAY. 975 00:53:09,333 --> 00:53:12,500 IT WILL BENEFIT FUTURE GENERATIONS OF WILDLIFE 976 00:53:12,533 --> 00:53:16,266 {\an1}AND ALSO THE PEOPLE THAT SHARE THIS LAND. 977 00:53:19,466 --> 00:53:21,900 WE BASICALLY DUG A HOLE, FILLED IT WITH WATER 978 00:53:21,933 --> 00:53:24,900 {\an1}TO SEE WHAT WOULD HAPPEN. 979 00:53:24,933 --> 00:53:26,966 IT'S FANTASTIC IS THAT A WHOLE COMMUNITY 980 00:53:27,000 --> 00:53:29,366 OF ANIMALS, A WHOLE ECOSYSTEM NOW 981 00:53:29,400 --> 00:53:31,933 HAS DEVELOPED AROUND OUR WATERHOLE, 982 00:53:31,966 --> 00:53:39,033 {\an1}AND MANY SPECIES AROUND HERE NOW CALL THIS WATERHOLE THEIR HOME. 983 00:53:39,066 --> 00:53:40,066 ♪ 984 00:53:41,433 --> 00:53:43,433 {\an8}♪ 985 00:53:46,600 --> 00:53:48,066 {\an8}TO ORDER "LIFE AT THE WATERHOLE" 986 00:53:48,100 --> 00:53:49,066 {\an8}ON DVD. 987 00:53:49,100 --> 00:53:50,733 {\an8}VISIT SHOP.PBS.ORG 988 00:53:50,766 --> 00:53:53,566 {\an8}OR CALL 1-800-PLAY-PBS 989 00:53:53,600 --> 00:53:56,766 {\an8}THIS PROGRAM IS ALSO AVAILABLE ON AMAZON PRIME VIDEO 990 00:53:58,766 --> 00:54:04,833 {\an8}♪ 991 00:54:06,833 --> 00:54:08,833 {\an8}♪