1 00:00:02,669 --> 00:00:05,839 {\an7}Tracy Borman: HOW DID CHARLES II BECOME MORE FAMOUS 2 00:00:05,881 --> 00:00:10,719 {\an7}\hFOR HIS SEXUAL ADVENTURES THAN FOR PERFORMING HIS ROYAL DUTIES? 3 00:00:10,761 --> 00:00:14,056 {\an7}WHO WERE THE MANY MISTRESSES \h\h\h\hWHO VISITED HIS BED? 4 00:00:14,097 --> 00:00:20,395 {\an7}\hAND WHY WAS ONE COURT OFFICIAL KNOWN AS THE ROYAL PIMP MASTER? 5 00:00:20,437 --> 00:00:23,273 {\an7}\h\h\hMan: CHARLES II WAS AN INDULGENT MAN. 6 00:00:23,315 --> 00:00:24,900 {\an7}HE WAS A DEBAUCHEROUS MAN. 7 00:00:24,942 --> 00:00:28,320 {\an7}HE RESTORED THE INSTITUTION \h\h\h\h\hOF THE MONARCHY, 8 00:00:28,362 --> 00:00:30,865 {\an7}\hAND HE BROUGHT A CERTAIN JOIE DE VIVRE TO SOCIETY. 9 00:00:30,906 --> 00:00:32,574 {\an7}[APPLAUSE] 10 00:00:32,616 --> 00:00:35,160 {\an7}Man: HERE’S A MAN WHO CAME ALONG WITH BAGS OF WIT AND CHARM, 11 00:00:35,202 --> 00:00:36,787 {\an7}LOTS OF COLOR. 12 00:00:36,828 --> 00:00:39,289 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hA BIT TOO DISTRACTED BY HIS MISTRESSES AND SPANIELS. 13 00:00:39,331 --> 00:00:41,583 {\an7}\h\h\hBUT HE BROUGHT BACK THE GRANDEUR TO MONARCHY. 14 00:00:41,625 --> 00:00:44,920 {\an7}HE RE-ESTABLISHED MONARCHY \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN BRITAIN. 15 00:00:44,962 --> 00:00:46,755 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWoman: HE WAS INCREDIBLY CHARMING. 16 00:00:46,797 --> 00:00:49,842 {\an7}HE WAS WITTY, HE WAS ERUDITE, 17 00:00:49,883 --> 00:00:52,677 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND HE WAS A VERY LIKEABLE PERSON. 18 00:00:52,719 --> 00:00:58,308 {\an7}\hHOWEVER, HE WAS NOT A VERY EFFECTIVE LEADER NECESSARILY. 19 00:01:00,352 --> 00:01:01,770 {\an7}Man: IF I HAD TO PICK \h\h\h\hTHREE THINGS 20 00:01:01,812 --> 00:01:04,982 {\an7}THAT SUMMED UP CHARLES II, \h\h\h\h\hHE WAS FECKLESS, 21 00:01:05,023 --> 00:01:08,360 {\an7}HE WAS SLOTHFUL, AND HE WAS LEWD IN HIS BEHAVIOR. 22 00:01:10,112 --> 00:01:12,698 {\an7}\hBorman: IN THIS EPISODE, I LOOK AT THE ERA’S FASHION 23 00:01:12,739 --> 00:01:15,575 {\an7}FOR INTIMATE WIGS AND CONDOMS. 24 00:01:15,617 --> 00:01:19,746 {\an7}I REVIEW THE GLORIOUS CLOTHES THAT CHARLES II ACTUALLY WORE. 25 00:01:19,788 --> 00:01:22,916 {\an7}I TASTE SOME OF THE ROYAL FOOD \h\h\hAND DRINK FROM THE TIME, 26 00:01:22,958 --> 00:01:27,129 {\an7}AND I EXAMINE THE SECRET TUNNEL \hTHAT LINKED THE THEATRE ROYAL 27 00:01:27,170 --> 00:01:29,297 {\an7}TO A BED CHAMBER ACROSS THE ROAD, 28 00:01:29,339 --> 00:01:33,260 {\an7}WHICH ALLOWED A ROYAL LIAISON \hWITH A CERTAIN NELL GWYNNE. 29 00:01:33,302 --> 00:01:35,304 {\an7}[LAUGHTER] 30 00:01:35,345 --> 00:01:37,180 {\an7}I’M TRACY BORMAN, 31 00:01:37,222 --> 00:01:40,100 {\an7}AND IN THIS EPISODE, I’M GOING TO TAKE YOU BEHIND THE SCENES, 32 00:01:40,142 --> 00:01:42,728 {\an7}TO FIND OUT WHAT REALLY WENT ON 33 00:01:42,769 --> 00:01:45,897 {\an7}IN THE PRIVATE LIFE OF KING CHARLES II. 34 00:01:50,110 --> 00:01:57,909 {\an7}♪ 35 00:01:57,951 --> 00:01:59,953 {\an7}IT’S MAY 1660. 36 00:01:59,995 --> 00:02:02,623 {\an7}AFTER TEN YEARS IN EXILE, 37 00:02:02,664 --> 00:02:05,500 {\an7}CHARLES STUART HAS BEEN INVITED \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBACK TO ENGLAND 38 00:02:05,542 --> 00:02:06,918 {\an7}FROM THE NETHERLANDS 39 00:02:06,960 --> 00:02:10,755 {\an7}TO RECLAIM HIS THRONE \hAS KING CHARLES II. 40 00:02:10,797 --> 00:02:12,924 {\an7}HERE IN LONDON, HE RECEIVES 41 00:02:12,966 --> 00:02:16,136 {\an7}\h\h\hAN ENTHUSIASTIC, EVEN ECSTATIC WELCOME. 42 00:02:16,178 --> 00:02:19,973 {\an7}IT SEEMS THAT PEOPLE ARE GLAD TO SEE THE RETURN OF THE MONARCHY 43 00:02:20,015 --> 00:02:25,521 {\an7}AFTER THE DARK AND UNHAPPY YEARS OF CROMWELL’S COMMONWEALTH. 44 00:02:25,562 --> 00:02:27,731 {\an7}Man: KING KING! 45 00:02:27,773 --> 00:02:30,567 {\an7}\h\hDominic Selwood: IN 1660 WHEN PARLIAMENT INVITED CHARLES BACK, 46 00:02:30,609 --> 00:02:32,194 {\an7}THERE WAS GENERAL EUPHORIA. 47 00:02:32,235 --> 00:02:34,654 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHERE HAD BEEN A VERY BUTTONED-DOWN PURITAN REGIME, 48 00:02:34,696 --> 00:02:36,114 {\an7}AND PEOPLE HAD HAD ENOUGH. 49 00:02:36,156 --> 00:02:37,699 {\an7}CHARLES CAME BACK FROM THE CONTINENT 50 00:02:37,741 --> 00:02:38,951 {\an7}WITH A CERTAIN AMOUNT \h\h\h\h\hOF GLAMOUR 51 00:02:38,992 --> 00:02:40,327 {\an7}AND A RELAXED ATTITUDE. 52 00:02:40,369 --> 00:02:43,497 {\an7}IT WENT DOWN VERY WELL. 53 00:02:43,538 --> 00:02:46,332 {\an7}Hallie Rubenhold: PEOPLE WERE \h\h\hDESPERATE FOR A CHANGE. 54 00:02:46,375 --> 00:02:49,712 {\an7}AND CHARLES, AS WE KNOW, \hREALLY BEGAN TO EMBODY 55 00:02:49,753 --> 00:02:51,838 {\an7}WHAT THE RESTORATION \h\h\hWAS ALL ABOUT. 56 00:02:51,880 --> 00:02:54,174 {\an7}IT WAS A LITTLE BIT MORE LAISSEZ-FAIRE. 57 00:02:54,216 --> 00:02:58,762 {\an7}YOU KNOW, IT WAS BAWDY, \hIT WAS LIGHT-HEARTED, 58 00:02:58,804 --> 00:03:01,724 {\an7}\h\hIT WAS ALL OF THE THINGS THAT PEOPLE WERE DEPRIVED OF 59 00:03:01,765 --> 00:03:04,017 {\an7}DURING THE CIVIL WARS. 60 00:03:04,059 --> 00:03:05,894 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hRebecca Rideal: CHARLES II IS REMEMBERED 61 00:03:05,936 --> 00:03:07,688 {\an7}AS BEING THE MERRY MONARCH \h\h\h\h\h\h\hWHO PRESIDED 62 00:03:07,729 --> 00:03:10,273 {\an7}OVER THIS COURT OF EXCESS \h\h\h\hAND LIBERTINISM. 63 00:03:10,315 --> 00:03:12,818 {\an7}\h\hBUT ACTUALLY, I THINK HE WAS REALLY SUCCESSFUL 64 00:03:12,859 --> 00:03:15,945 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIN GETTING A HANDLE OF THE ZEITGEIST OF THE TIME 65 00:03:15,987 --> 00:03:17,780 {\an7}AND NAVIGATING HIS WAY THROUGH 66 00:03:17,823 --> 00:03:19,241 {\an7}\hSOME OF THE MOST DEVASTATING THINGS 67 00:03:19,282 --> 00:03:20,700 {\an7}THAT COULD AFFECT ANY MONARCH-- 68 00:03:20,742 --> 00:03:22,786 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE GREAT PLAGUE, THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON, 69 00:03:22,828 --> 00:03:26,623 {\an7}\hAND A HUGE CRISIS OVER WHO WOULD BE HIS HEIR AFTERWARDS. 70 00:03:26,665 --> 00:03:32,212 {\an7}♪ 71 00:03:32,254 --> 00:03:33,964 {\an7}Borman: THERE WAS SOMETHING \h\h\h\hABOUT THE NEW KING 72 00:03:34,005 --> 00:03:35,798 {\an7}THAT WAS CERTAINLY NOT IN DOUBT. 73 00:03:35,841 --> 00:03:38,844 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THAT WAS HIS VERY HEALTHY LIBIDO. 74 00:03:38,885 --> 00:03:41,096 {\an7}\hIT’S SAID THAT DURING THE COURSE OF HIS LIFE, 75 00:03:41,138 --> 00:03:44,933 {\an7}\h\hCHARLES FATHERED AS MANY AS 17 ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN, 76 00:03:44,975 --> 00:03:47,895 {\an7}\h\h\hBY UP TO EIGHT DIFFERENT MISTRESSES. 77 00:03:51,606 --> 00:03:53,775 {\an7}DON JORDAN IS AN EXPERT 78 00:03:53,817 --> 00:03:58,488 {\an7}ON THE COMINGS AND GOINGS \h\h\hIN THE KING’S BED. 79 00:03:58,530 --> 00:04:00,866 {\an7}SO, DON, WHEN YOU THINK \h\hOF ROYAL SEX LIVES, 80 00:04:00,907 --> 00:04:03,118 {\an7}\h\hTHEY’RE USUALLY QUITE RITUALISTIC, AREN’T THEY. 81 00:04:03,160 --> 00:04:04,912 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHERE’S A LOT OF CEREMONY INVOLVED. 82 00:04:04,953 --> 00:04:06,955 {\an7}WAS IT LIKE THAT FOR CHARLES? 83 00:04:06,997 --> 00:04:08,790 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDon Jordan: I THINK CHARLES WAS THE KING 84 00:04:08,832 --> 00:04:11,126 {\an7}WHO ACTUALLY CHANGED \h\h\h\hALL OF THAT. 85 00:04:11,168 --> 00:04:13,504 {\an7}THERE WAS NOTHING RITUALISTIC \h\h\h\h\h\hABOUT IT AT ALL, 86 00:04:13,545 --> 00:04:14,963 {\an7}EXCEPT IF THERE WAS ANY RITUAL, 87 00:04:15,005 --> 00:04:19,551 {\an7}IT WAS THE ENDLESS PURSUIT \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF SEX. 88 00:04:19,593 --> 00:04:21,386 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHE WAS A MAN WHO ACTUALLY ENJOYED WOMEN, 89 00:04:21,428 --> 00:04:24,222 {\an7}HE ENJOYED THEIR COMPANY, AND HE CERTAINLY ENJOYED THE SEX. 90 00:04:24,264 --> 00:04:28,101 {\an7}AND HE PURSUED EVERY WOMAN \h\h\h\h\hHE COULD PURSUE, 91 00:04:28,143 --> 00:04:30,145 {\an7}\h\hAS LONG AS THEY WERE GOOD LOOKING. 92 00:04:30,187 --> 00:04:32,898 {\an7}Selwood: CHARLES’S LIBIDO \h\h\hWAS OFF THE SCALE. 93 00:04:32,939 --> 00:04:34,858 {\an7}MANY MONARCHS HAD MISTRESSES, 94 00:04:34,900 --> 00:04:36,944 {\an7}\hBUT CHARLES TOOK IT TO A WHOLE NEW LEVEL. 95 00:04:36,985 --> 00:04:40,489 {\an7}\h\hHE HAD MULTIPLE MISTRESSES AT THE SAME TIME, AND HIS WIFE. 96 00:04:40,530 --> 00:04:41,865 {\an7}AND HE OFTEN HAD THEM 97 00:04:41,907 --> 00:04:44,993 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWORKING WITH AND LIVING WITH EACH OTHER. 98 00:04:45,035 --> 00:04:48,789 {\an7}Rubenhold: HE FELT HIS PLACE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN SOCIETY, 99 00:04:48,830 --> 00:04:51,207 {\an7}HIS POWER, HIS MONEY, 100 00:04:51,249 --> 00:04:53,918 {\an7}ENTITLED HIM TO HAVE BASICALLY \h\h\h\h\h\hWHATEVER HE WANTED. 101 00:04:53,960 --> 00:04:57,172 {\an7}AND THIS WAS NO HOLDS BARRED \h\h\h\h\h\hIN TERMS OF SEX. 102 00:04:57,214 --> 00:05:01,635 {\an7}SO LIKE EVERY DESIRE, EVERY WHIM HE HAD, COULD BE SATISFIED. 103 00:05:01,676 --> 00:05:04,345 {\an7}\h\hMatt Green: IT WAS ALMOST AS THOUGH HE WASN’T MARRIED. 104 00:05:04,387 --> 00:05:07,348 {\an7}THE SHEER KIND OF ENTHUSIASM WITH WHICH HE THREW HIMSELF 105 00:05:07,390 --> 00:05:10,310 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hINTO ALL THESE EXTRAMARITAL RELATIONSHIPS. 106 00:05:10,352 --> 00:05:11,812 {\an7}AND HIS WHOLE COURT \hWAS AT IT AS WELL, 107 00:05:11,853 --> 00:05:13,396 {\an7}IT WAS A DECADENT COURT. 108 00:05:13,438 --> 00:05:15,649 {\an7}AND IN SOME WAYS THIS WAS \h\hA DELIBERATE RESPONSE 109 00:05:15,690 --> 00:05:19,527 {\an7}TO THE DRAB, MOURNFUL, \h\hLIFE-DENYING YEARS 110 00:05:19,569 --> 00:05:22,947 {\an7}OF MISERABLE PURITAN RULE WHICH \h\hHAD HAPPENED IN THE 1650s. 111 00:05:22,989 --> 00:05:24,908 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSO THERE WAS A POLITICAL DIMENSION 112 00:05:24,950 --> 00:05:27,119 {\an7}TO THE HEDONISM AS WELL. 113 00:05:30,121 --> 00:05:36,878 {\an7}♪ 114 00:05:36,920 --> 00:05:40,715 {\an7}\h\hBorman: CHARLES’S LEGENDARY SEXUAL APPETITE HAD TO BE SATED 115 00:05:40,757 --> 00:05:43,176 {\an7}BY ANY NUMBER OF OTHER WOMEN. 116 00:05:43,218 --> 00:05:46,930 {\an7}OF COURSE, THESE LIAISONS HAD TO BE VERY CAREFULLY PLANNED, 117 00:05:46,972 --> 00:05:50,184 {\an7}WHICH OFTEN MEANT SOMEONE \h\hAT COURT HELPING OUT. 118 00:05:50,225 --> 00:05:51,351 {\an7}BUT WHO? 119 00:05:51,393 --> 00:05:54,021 {\an7}STEP FORWARD WILLIAM CHIFFINCH. 120 00:05:54,062 --> 00:05:56,940 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hROYAL PAGE, KEEPER OF THE CLOSET, 121 00:05:56,982 --> 00:06:00,360 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE ROYAL PIMP MASTER. 122 00:06:00,402 --> 00:06:05,991 {\an7}♪ 123 00:06:06,032 --> 00:06:09,452 {\an7}SO, DON, TELL ME ABOUT THIS GUY \h\h\h\h\h\hWILLIAM CHIFFINCH. 124 00:06:09,494 --> 00:06:11,037 {\an7}Jordan: WELL, WILLIAM CHIFFINCH \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS REALLY 125 00:06:11,079 --> 00:06:13,123 {\an7}THE MOST IMPORTANT MAN \h\h\h\h\hIN THE PALACE 126 00:06:13,164 --> 00:06:14,666 {\an7}APART FROM THE KING, 127 00:06:14,708 --> 00:06:17,211 {\an7}IN TERMS OF WHAT ACTUALLY \hHAPPENED IN THE PALACE. 128 00:06:17,252 --> 00:06:20,422 {\an7}’CAUSE HE, HE LOOKED AFTER \h\h\hTHIS BACKSTAIRS AREA 129 00:06:20,463 --> 00:06:21,839 {\an7}THAT WE’RE IN NOW. 130 00:06:21,882 --> 00:06:25,344 {\an7}HIS JOB WAS REALLY, \h\hWAS TO PROCURE 131 00:06:25,385 --> 00:06:27,971 {\an7}A SECRET WORLD OF ENJOYMENT \h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR THE KING. 132 00:06:28,013 --> 00:06:30,724 {\an7}HE WAS THE MAN WHO BROUGHT \h\h\h\hTHE WOMEN FOR HIM, 133 00:06:30,765 --> 00:06:34,644 {\an7}AND THESE WOMEN WERE PROCURED BY CHIFFINCH INTO THIS AREA HERE, 134 00:06:34,686 --> 00:06:37,439 {\an7}THAT ONLY HE AND THE KING \h\h\h\h\hHAD ACCESS TO. 135 00:06:37,480 --> 00:06:39,816 {\an7}AND THEN THE OTHER SIDE \h\h\h\hOF THE PALACE, 136 00:06:39,858 --> 00:06:42,569 {\an7}THROUGH THE DOOR HERE \h\h\h\hON THIS SIDE, 137 00:06:42,611 --> 00:06:44,238 {\an7}WAS THE OFFICIAL PALACE. 138 00:06:44,279 --> 00:06:48,950 {\an7}THIS WAS THE EXTERNAL WORLD THAT OTHER PEOPLE WOULD SEE. 139 00:06:48,992 --> 00:06:50,327 {\an7}Tony McMahon: WILLIAM CHIFFINCH 140 00:06:50,368 --> 00:06:52,829 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWAS OFFICIALLY PAGE OF THE BACKSTAIRS, 141 00:06:52,871 --> 00:06:54,790 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSO A SERVANT WHO WOULD LOOK AFTER 142 00:06:54,831 --> 00:06:57,042 {\an7}THE KING’S MORE INTIMATE NEEDS. 143 00:06:57,083 --> 00:07:00,503 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND HE HAD APARTMENTS ADJOINING THE KING’S APARTMENTS. 144 00:07:00,545 --> 00:07:03,214 {\an7}WHAT HE WAS ACTUALLY KNOWN AS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE COURT 145 00:07:03,256 --> 00:07:05,675 {\an7}WAS THE PIMP MASTER GENERAL. 146 00:07:05,717 --> 00:07:06,968 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSelwood: HE NOT ONLY LOOKED AFTER 147 00:07:07,010 --> 00:07:08,303 {\an7}\h\hALL THE PEOPLE WHO CAME AND WENT, 148 00:07:08,345 --> 00:07:09,888 {\an7}\h\h\hWHICH MADE HIM A VERY IMPORTANT MAN. 149 00:07:09,930 --> 00:07:11,640 {\an7}BUT AS FAR AS CHARLES \h\h\hWAS CONCERNED, 150 00:07:11,681 --> 00:07:13,850 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hHIS MAIN ROLE WAS AS THE COURT PIMP. 151 00:07:13,892 --> 00:07:17,562 {\an7}\hHE USED TO TRAWL THE SLUMS OF LONDON 152 00:07:17,604 --> 00:07:19,731 {\an7}TO FIND THE YOUNG WOMEN \h\h\hTO BRING TO COURT 153 00:07:19,773 --> 00:07:22,609 {\an7}FOR CHARLES AND HIS COURTIERS. 154 00:07:22,651 --> 00:07:24,570 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMcMahon: HE PROCURED PROSTITUTES, 155 00:07:24,611 --> 00:07:26,613 {\an7}PROCURED UPPER CLASS COURTESANS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR THE KING, 156 00:07:26,655 --> 00:07:29,700 {\an7}ANYTHING THE KING WANTED \h\hON THE FEMALE STAKES. 157 00:07:29,741 --> 00:07:32,911 {\an7}AND HE ALSO HAD A DISCREET \hCOLLECTION OF PORNOGRAPHY 158 00:07:32,953 --> 00:07:35,539 {\an7}\h\hWHICH WERE DESCRIBED AS "THE BRAVE PICTURES," 159 00:07:35,580 --> 00:07:39,459 {\an7}WHICH THE KING AND HIS FRIENDS \h\hWOULD GO TO SEE IN PRIVATE. 160 00:07:39,501 --> 00:07:42,045 {\an7}\h\hRideal: WHAT HE ALSO DID WAS HE KEPT A LITTLE NETWORK 161 00:07:42,087 --> 00:07:45,424 {\an7}OF FRIENDS AND ALLIANCES \h\h\h\hWITHIN WHITEHALL, 162 00:07:45,465 --> 00:07:47,634 {\an7}AND HE WAS OFTEN ACCUSED \h\h\h\hOF BEING CORRUPT. 163 00:07:47,676 --> 00:07:51,555 {\an7}SAMUEL PEPYS SPEAKS OF GOING \h\h\hINTO THE KING’S CLOSET, 164 00:07:51,596 --> 00:07:53,681 {\an7}AT THE REQUEST OF CHIFFINCH, 165 00:07:53,723 --> 00:07:57,143 {\an7}AND SPEAKS ABOUT HOW HE WAS \h\hEATING PICKLED HERRING 166 00:07:57,185 --> 00:07:59,688 {\an7}AND DRINKING EXPENSIVE WINES. 167 00:07:59,729 --> 00:08:02,941 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSO CHIFFINCH WAS FREE WITH THE KING’S FOOD AND WINE, 168 00:08:02,983 --> 00:08:05,652 {\an7}BUT ALSO IN CHARGE OF HARVESTING 169 00:08:05,694 --> 00:08:09,740 {\an7}\hTHE VERY BEST MISTRESSES AND ONE-NIGHT STANDS FOR THE KING. 170 00:08:10,865 --> 00:08:20,166 {\an7}♪ 171 00:08:20,208 --> 00:08:21,751 {\an7}Borman: PROBABLY THE MOST FAMOUS 172 00:08:21,793 --> 00:08:23,920 {\an7}OF ALL KING CHARLES’S \h\h\h\h\hMISTRESSES, 173 00:08:23,962 --> 00:08:26,923 {\an7}AND THE ONE OF WHOM IT’S SAID \h\h\h\hTHAT HE NEVER TIRED, 174 00:08:26,965 --> 00:08:32,220 {\an7}WAS NELL GWYNNE, WHO WORKED HERE AT THE THEATRE ROYAL DRURY LANE. 175 00:08:32,262 --> 00:08:34,556 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSHE CERTAINLY HAD ALL THE ATTRIBUTES 176 00:08:34,597 --> 00:08:36,724 {\an7}THAT APPEALED TO THE ROYAL EYE. 177 00:08:36,766 --> 00:08:39,852 {\an7}SHE WAS PRETTY, WITTY \hAND THE LEAST GREEDY 178 00:08:39,894 --> 00:08:42,188 {\an7}OF ALL CHARLES’S MISTRESSES. 179 00:08:42,230 --> 00:08:45,567 {\an7}\h\hA LOT OF HER EARLY LIFE WAS SPENT IN THE LONDON SLUM AREAS 180 00:08:45,608 --> 00:08:48,236 {\an7}THAT ONCE SURROUNDED \h\hWHERE I AM NOW-- 181 00:08:48,278 --> 00:08:50,906 {\an7}MODERN-DAY COVENT GARDEN. 182 00:08:53,700 --> 00:08:55,076 {\an7}McMahon: NELL BASICALLY \h\h\h\h\hMADE A LIVING 183 00:08:55,118 --> 00:08:57,329 {\an7}\h\h\hSELLING ORANGES OUTSIDE THE THEATRE. 184 00:08:57,370 --> 00:09:00,874 {\an7}\hHER FAVORITE TRICK WAS TO PUT THE TRAY JUST UNDER HER BOSOMS, 185 00:09:00,915 --> 00:09:02,333 {\an7}SO THAT ORANGE SALES 186 00:09:02,375 --> 00:09:04,168 {\an7}WOULD PRESUMABLY BE BOOSTED \h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS A RESULT. 187 00:09:04,210 --> 00:09:06,838 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSHE WAS SPOTTED BY SOME OF THE ACTORS, 188 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:09,883 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND CHARLES, BEING A PATRON OF THE THEATRE, 189 00:09:09,924 --> 00:09:12,760 {\an7}\h\hTHEN SPOTTED HER HIMSELF, OR MAYBE CHIFFINCH GOT HER FOR HIM, 190 00:09:12,802 --> 00:09:15,805 {\an7}AND SHE BECAME ONE OF HIS FAVORITES. 191 00:09:15,847 --> 00:09:17,807 {\an7}Green: SHE GRAVITATED \h\hTOWARDS THE STAGE 192 00:09:17,849 --> 00:09:19,893 {\an7}AND EVENTUALLY BECAME \h\h\h\h\hAN ACTRESS. 193 00:09:19,934 --> 00:09:21,811 {\an7}AND IT WAS THERE IN COVENT GARDEN 194 00:09:21,853 --> 00:09:26,107 {\an7}THAT SHE CAUGHT THE KING’S EYE, AND HE SUMMONED HER TO HIS BOX. 195 00:09:26,149 --> 00:09:29,653 {\an7}AND ON ONE OCCASION HE ACTUALLY \h\h\hTOOK HER OUT FOR A MEAL, 196 00:09:29,694 --> 00:09:31,487 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE KING, THE KING’S BROTHER JAMES, 197 00:09:31,529 --> 00:09:33,364 {\an7}THEY WERE BOTH IN DISGUISE, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND HER. 198 00:09:33,406 --> 00:09:34,866 {\an7}AND AT THE END OF IT 199 00:09:34,908 --> 00:09:36,493 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEY REALIZED THEY DIDN’T HAVE ANY MONEY. 200 00:09:36,534 --> 00:09:39,912 {\an7}SO SHE HAD TO PAY FOR THESE \hKIND OF TWO ROYAL DINERS. 201 00:09:39,954 --> 00:09:41,789 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRubenhold: NELL GWYNNE WAS JUST FUN. 202 00:09:41,831 --> 00:09:43,416 {\an7}YOU KNOW, THERE WERE NO AIRS AND GRACES, 203 00:09:43,458 --> 00:09:46,962 {\an7}SHE WAS JUST UP FOR IT, \hSHE ENJOYED HERSELF. 204 00:09:47,003 --> 00:09:49,506 {\an7}THERE WAS JUST, THERE WAS \h\hNO FORMALITY TO THIS. 205 00:09:49,547 --> 00:09:53,051 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND YEAH, I MEAN, THAT WAS GREAT, WHY NOT? 206 00:09:56,304 --> 00:09:59,307 {\an7}Borman: SUCH WAS CHARLES’S \h\h\hINFATUATION WITH NELL 207 00:09:59,349 --> 00:10:02,519 {\an7}THAT HE’S SAID TO HAVE USED A SECRET TUNNEL TO MEET HER. 208 00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:05,396 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT NOT ONE LEADING TO THE WING OF A ROYAL PALACE. 209 00:10:05,438 --> 00:10:07,106 {\an7}NO, FAR FROM IT. 210 00:10:07,148 --> 00:10:10,652 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHIS ONE LEADS FROM THE THEATRE ROYAL OVER HERE, 211 00:10:10,693 --> 00:10:13,321 {\an7}\h\hUNDER THE ROAD AND INTO THIS PUB, 212 00:10:13,363 --> 00:10:17,576 {\an7}NOW APPROPRIATELY CALLED THE NELL OF OLD DRURY. 213 00:10:20,078 --> 00:10:25,792 {\an7}\h\hITS MANAGER, STEPHEN, AGREED TO SHOW ME AROUND. 214 00:10:25,834 --> 00:10:27,002 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hStephen Cleverley: TRACY, SO IF YOU’D JUST LIKE 215 00:10:27,043 --> 00:10:27,961 {\an7}TO COME THROUGH HERE, 216 00:10:28,002 --> 00:10:29,170 {\an7}JUST TURN THIS ON. 217 00:10:29,212 --> 00:10:31,005 {\an7}Borman: I’M EXCITED TO SEE THIS. 218 00:10:31,047 --> 00:10:35,218 {\an7}\hCleverley: SO THIS IS THE NELL OF OLD DRURY’S BEST KEPT SECRET. 219 00:10:35,260 --> 00:10:38,680 {\an7}\h\h\hBEHIND THIS DOOR IS WHERE THE TUNNEL IS, 220 00:10:38,721 --> 00:10:40,556 {\an7}WHERE CHARLES II CAME. 221 00:10:40,598 --> 00:10:41,891 {\an7}Borman: WOW, LOOK AT THAT! 222 00:10:41,933 --> 00:10:43,226 {\an7}Cleverley: AND IF YOU LOOK, \h\h\h\h\h\h\hYOU CAN SEE, 223 00:10:43,268 --> 00:10:46,688 {\an7}THIS IS ALL HERE, THE ORIGINAL ARCH. 224 00:10:46,729 --> 00:10:48,898 {\an7}\hBorman: AND WHERE WOULD THE TUNNEL HAVE ENDED UP? 225 00:10:48,940 --> 00:10:50,191 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCleverley: THE TUNNEL WOULD HAVE BEEN 226 00:10:50,233 --> 00:10:51,526 {\an7}JUST ON THE OTHER SIDE \h\h\h\hOF THE THEATRE, 227 00:10:51,568 --> 00:10:53,278 {\an7}JUST PAST THE BALLET ROOM \h\h\h\h\h\hON THIS SIDE. 228 00:10:53,319 --> 00:10:54,570 {\an7}\h\h\hBorman: SO CHARLES WOULD HAVE BEEN IN THERE 229 00:10:54,612 --> 00:10:56,864 {\an7}\h\h\hWATCHING A SHOW OF SOME DESCRIPTION, 230 00:10:56,906 --> 00:10:59,200 {\an7}\h\h\hMAYBE GETS A BIT BORED, OR IT’S DURING THE INTERVAL. 231 00:10:59,242 --> 00:11:00,660 {\an7}WALK THROUGH THE TUNNEL... 232 00:11:00,702 --> 00:11:01,995 {\an7}Cleverley: YES, COMES THROUGH \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE TUNNEL 233 00:11:02,036 --> 00:11:03,412 {\an7}AND THEN MEETS HIS MISTRESS, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNELL GWYNNE. 234 00:11:03,454 --> 00:11:04,914 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBorman: HERE IN THIS CELLAR OR...? 235 00:11:04,956 --> 00:11:06,124 {\an7}Cleverley: NO, I WOULD IMAGINE \h\h\h\h\h\hIT WOULD HAVE BEEN 236 00:11:06,166 --> 00:11:07,751 {\an7}IN ONE OF THE BEDROOMS UPSTAIRS. 237 00:11:07,792 --> 00:11:10,044 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHIS ISN’T EXACTLY THE MOST ROMANTIC SETTING. 238 00:11:10,086 --> 00:11:11,879 {\an7}Borman: INDEED. Cleverley: YEAH. 239 00:11:11,921 --> 00:11:14,799 {\an7}\hBorman: SO HE’S DONE THE DEED, AND THEN GOES BACK PRESUMABLY... 240 00:11:14,841 --> 00:11:16,217 {\an7}Cleverley: GOES BACK OVER \h\h\h\hTO WATCH THE END 241 00:11:16,259 --> 00:11:17,802 {\an7}OF THE PERFORMANCE. 242 00:11:17,844 --> 00:11:19,929 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBorman: JOB DONE. Cleverley: JOB DONE, EXACTLY. 243 00:11:23,099 --> 00:11:26,644 {\an7}\hRubenhold: WHEN THE KING WAS AT DRURY LANE AT THE THEATRE, 244 00:11:26,686 --> 00:11:28,897 {\an7}HE WOULD GO AND MEET \h\h\h\hNELL GWYNNE. 245 00:11:28,938 --> 00:11:32,692 {\an7}AND SHE WAS WAITING FOR HIM IN WHAT IS A PUB ACROSS THE ROAD. 246 00:11:32,734 --> 00:11:35,487 {\an7}\h\hAND THERE WAS ACTUALLY A SECRET TUNNEL UNDERNEATH, 247 00:11:35,528 --> 00:11:37,822 {\an7}THAT LINKED THE TWO BUILDINGS. 248 00:11:37,864 --> 00:11:40,241 {\an7}AND HE WOULD TRAVERSE THAT, \h\hAND GO UP AND FIND HER, 249 00:11:40,283 --> 00:11:41,993 {\an7}AND HAVE SEX WITH HER, 250 00:11:42,035 --> 00:11:43,828 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND THEN COME BACK BEFORE THE END OF THE PLAY 251 00:11:43,870 --> 00:11:45,789 {\an7}SO HE COULD APPLAUD \hAND BE SEEN THERE. 252 00:11:45,830 --> 00:11:49,834 {\an7}AND NOBODY WOULD KNOW \hWHAT WAS GOING ON. 253 00:11:49,876 --> 00:11:53,004 {\an7}McMahon: I THINK CHARLES II’S FASCINATION FOR LOWBORN WOMEN 254 00:11:53,046 --> 00:11:54,923 {\an7}\hIS SOMETHING YOU SEE WITH A LOT OF MONARCHS, 255 00:11:54,964 --> 00:11:58,259 {\an7}BECAUSE THEY’VE GOT THAT WHOLE STIFLING ENVIRONMENT IN COURT. 256 00:11:58,301 --> 00:12:01,387 {\an7}\h\hSO NELL GWYNNE, FOR HIM, IT WAS A TASTE OF REAL LIFE, 257 00:12:01,429 --> 00:12:02,931 {\an7}AND IT WAS A BIT OF EXCITEMENT. 258 00:12:02,972 --> 00:12:04,682 {\an7}AND HE COULD GO AND MEET THEM \h\h\h\h\hOUT IN THE STREET. 259 00:12:04,724 --> 00:12:06,476 {\an7}AND THE STREETS OF LONDON \h\hHERE ABOUT THAT TIME 260 00:12:06,517 --> 00:12:09,395 {\an7}\hWERE PRETTY RACY, FILTHY, DEGENERATE, 261 00:12:09,437 --> 00:12:13,191 {\an7}\h\h\hEXACTLY THE SORT OF THING A BORED MONARCH WAS GONNA LIKE. 262 00:12:13,233 --> 00:12:18,321 {\an7}♪ 263 00:12:18,363 --> 00:12:20,532 {\an7}\h\hBorman: ALTHOUGH NELL WASN’T NEARLY AS GRASPING 264 00:12:20,573 --> 00:12:22,575 {\an7}AS SOME OF HER RIVAL MISTRESSES, 265 00:12:22,617 --> 00:12:26,121 {\an7}SHE DID DO QUITE WELL OUT OF HER RELATIONSHIP WITH THE KING. 266 00:12:26,162 --> 00:12:28,790 {\an7}THIS IS 79 PALL MALL, 267 00:12:28,831 --> 00:12:31,667 {\an7}THE SITE OF HER FINAL \h\hLONDON RESIDENCE. 268 00:12:31,709 --> 00:12:34,128 {\an7}\h\h\hIT WAS ORIGINALLY A RED BRICK TOWNHOUSE. 269 00:12:34,170 --> 00:12:37,006 {\an7}SHE MOVED HERE IN 1671, 270 00:12:37,048 --> 00:12:40,343 {\an7}AND THE FREEHOLD WAS CONFERRED \h\h\hTO HER FIVE YEARS LATER. 271 00:12:40,385 --> 00:12:46,057 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS HER MAIN HOME FOR THE REST OF HER SHORT LIFE. 272 00:12:46,099 --> 00:12:51,438 {\an7}\h\h\hNELL DIED IN 1687, AT JUST 37 YEARS OF AGE, 273 00:12:51,479 --> 00:12:54,524 {\an7}PROBABLY FROM THE EFFECTS \h\h\h\h\h\hOF SYPHILIS. 274 00:12:54,565 --> 00:12:56,859 {\an7}NOT ONLY HAD SHE WON \h\h\hA SPECIAL PLACE 275 00:12:56,901 --> 00:12:59,320 {\an7}IN THE HEART OF KING CHARLES II, 276 00:12:59,362 --> 00:13:05,326 {\an7}SHE HAD ALSO CARVED OUT A NICHE \h\h\h\h\h\hIN POPULAR MEMORY. 277 00:13:05,368 --> 00:13:07,912 {\an7}Rubenhold: NELL WAS REALLY \h\hA FAVORITE OF CHARLES’S 278 00:13:07,954 --> 00:13:11,833 {\an7}FOR A LARGE PART OF HER LIFE, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND HIS LIFE. 279 00:13:11,874 --> 00:13:18,422 {\an7}AND CONSIDERING THAT SHE STARTED FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE HEAP, 280 00:13:18,464 --> 00:13:23,636 {\an7}SHE DID PHENOMENALLY WELL \h\hSOCIALLY, FINANCIALLY 281 00:13:23,678 --> 00:13:25,972 {\an7}BY CHARLES. 282 00:13:26,014 --> 00:13:27,891 {\an7}Green: THERE WAS AN ELEMENT \h\h\h\h\hOF COMPANIONSHIP. 283 00:13:27,932 --> 00:13:29,350 {\an7}BUT IF IT HAD JUST BEEN 284 00:13:29,392 --> 00:13:32,353 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA SEXUAL KIND OF WHAM, BAM, THANK YOU, MA’AM, 285 00:13:32,395 --> 00:13:33,730 {\an7}IF I CAN PUT IT LIKE THAT, 286 00:13:33,771 --> 00:13:35,022 {\an7}\h\h\hTHEN I DON’T THINK HE WOULD HAVE BOUGHT HER 287 00:13:35,064 --> 00:13:37,108 {\an7}A BEAUTIFUL TOWNHOUSE \h\h\h\hIN PALL MALL. 288 00:13:37,150 --> 00:13:43,573 {\an7}♪ 289 00:13:43,614 --> 00:13:46,909 {\an7}Borman: BUT ALTHOUGH NELL GWYNNE WAS BY FAR THE MOST FAMOUS 290 00:13:46,951 --> 00:13:48,870 {\an7}OF ALL THE KING’S MISTRESSES, 291 00:13:48,911 --> 00:13:51,372 {\an7}A LADY WHO REFUSED TO BE ONE 292 00:13:51,414 --> 00:13:55,585 {\an7}WAS TO UNWITTINGLY BECOME \h\hSIMILARLY WELL KNOWN. 293 00:13:55,626 --> 00:13:59,672 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSHE WAS FRANCES STUART, DUCHESS OF RICHMOND AND LENNOX, 294 00:13:59,714 --> 00:14:03,843 {\an7}A FAMED BEAUTY WHO APPARENTLY \h\h\hWENT AGAINST THE TREND 295 00:14:03,885 --> 00:14:07,514 {\an7}AND CONSISTENTLY DEFIED \h\hCHARLES’S ADVANCES, 296 00:14:07,555 --> 00:14:12,393 {\an7}WHICH MUST HAVE DRIVEN THE KING \h\h\h\hEVEN WILDER WITH LUST. 297 00:14:14,896 --> 00:14:16,356 {\an7}THE LOVELORN CHARLES 298 00:14:16,397 --> 00:14:18,566 {\an7}COMMISSIONED A PORTRAIT \h\h\h\h\h\hOF FRANCES, 299 00:14:18,608 --> 00:14:21,528 {\an7}COMPLETE WITH HELMET \h\h\h\hAND TRIDENT. 300 00:14:21,569 --> 00:14:25,114 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND IT WAS THIS IMAGE OF THE KING’S NEARLY MISTRESS 301 00:14:25,156 --> 00:14:30,828 {\an7}THAT APPEARED ON BRITISH COINAGE FOR MORE THAN 300 YEARS. 302 00:14:30,870 --> 00:14:32,872 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMcMahon: SAMUEL PEPYS, THE DIARIST, SAYS 303 00:14:32,914 --> 00:14:35,583 {\an7}THAT SHE WAS ONE OF THE MOST \h\hBEAUTIFUL WOMEN AT COURT, 304 00:14:35,625 --> 00:14:37,335 {\an7}I MEAN, ABSOLUTELY STUNNING, 305 00:14:37,377 --> 00:14:39,504 {\an7}SO MUCH SO THAT CHARLES \h\hGOT HER DRESSED UP 306 00:14:39,545 --> 00:14:42,089 {\an7}IN A TRIDENT AND A HELMET, 307 00:14:42,131 --> 00:14:45,426 {\an7}\h\h\hAND SHE WAS ACTUALLY THE BRITANNIA ON THE COINS 308 00:14:45,468 --> 00:14:48,721 {\an7}\hTHAT WERE IN CIRCULATION IN BRITAIN FROM THE 1670s 309 00:14:48,763 --> 00:14:50,348 {\an7}ALL THE WAY THROUGH \h\h\hTO THE 1970s. 310 00:14:50,390 --> 00:14:53,560 {\an7}SHE WAS BRITANNIA ON THE COIN. 311 00:14:53,601 --> 00:14:55,728 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSelwood: FRANCES STUART WAS FIRST INTRODUCED TO CHARLES 312 00:14:55,770 --> 00:14:57,355 {\an7}WHEN SHE WAS YOUNG, 14, 313 00:14:57,397 --> 00:15:00,358 {\an7}AND CHARLES WAS COMPLETELY \h\h\h\h\hSMITTEN WITH HER. 314 00:15:00,400 --> 00:15:02,944 {\an7}BUT SHE NEVER LET HIM \h\hGET CLOSE TO HER. 315 00:15:02,985 --> 00:15:05,779 {\an7}SHE WAS CLEVER ENOUGH TO REALIZE THAT TO MAINTAIN HER INFLUENCE, 316 00:15:05,822 --> 00:15:07,574 {\an7}WHICH SHE ALREADY HAD, 317 00:15:07,615 --> 00:15:10,243 {\an7}SHE COULDN’T BETTER HER POSITION BY SLEEPING WITH THE KING. 318 00:15:10,284 --> 00:15:13,370 {\an7}SO SHE FLIRTED WITH HIM \h\h\h\h\h\hFOR YEARS. 319 00:15:16,290 --> 00:15:18,834 {\an7}♪ 320 00:15:18,876 --> 00:15:21,879 {\an7}Borman: THE DARK PURITAN YEARS \h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE COMMONWEALTH 321 00:15:21,921 --> 00:15:23,881 {\an7}REALLY WERE A THING OF THE PAST, 322 00:15:23,923 --> 00:15:25,800 {\an7}AND CERTAIN PARTS OF SOCIETY 323 00:15:25,842 --> 00:15:28,845 {\an7}READILY EMBRACED THE NEW FREEDOM. 324 00:15:28,886 --> 00:15:31,263 {\an7}IT WAS SAID THAT THE COURT \h\h\h\h\h\hOF KING CHARLES 325 00:15:31,305 --> 00:15:34,308 {\an7}WAS A REFLECTION OF HOW THINGS \h\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE AT THE TIME. 326 00:15:34,350 --> 00:15:36,060 {\an7}WHICH MAY HAVE BEEN TRUE, 327 00:15:36,102 --> 00:15:40,064 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT EVEN ROYAL COURTS AREN’T IMMUNE TO HEALTH RISKS, 328 00:15:40,106 --> 00:15:43,568 {\an7}ESPECIALLY SEXUAL HEALTH RISKS. 329 00:15:47,280 --> 00:15:49,783 {\an7}McMahon: CHARLES OBVIOUSLY \h\hWAS IN EXILE FOR YEARS, 330 00:15:49,824 --> 00:15:51,909 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN YOU’RE EXILED FOR YEARS 331 00:15:51,951 --> 00:15:53,578 {\an7}IN ROYAL COURTS? 332 00:15:53,619 --> 00:15:56,705 {\an7}\h\h\h\hYOU’RE BASICALLY HAVING A GOOD TIME, YOU’RE VERY BORED. 333 00:15:56,747 --> 00:15:59,208 {\an7}\h\hTHE THING IS, WHEN HE CAME INTO POWER AS KING CHARLES II, 334 00:15:59,250 --> 00:16:00,960 {\an7}HE CARRIED ON DOING \h\hALL THE THINGS 335 00:16:01,002 --> 00:16:03,213 {\an7}THAT A BORED PERSON IN EXILE \h\h\h\h\h\hWERE GOING TO DO. 336 00:16:03,254 --> 00:16:05,923 {\an7}SO HE HAD ALL HIS MISTRESSES, \h\h\h\hHE DID HIS GAMBLING, 337 00:16:05,965 --> 00:16:07,467 {\an7}HE WENT TO THE THEATRE. 338 00:16:07,508 --> 00:16:11,971 {\an7}\h\h\h\hHE JUST CARRIED ON, WHILE THIS TIME BEING KING. 339 00:16:12,013 --> 00:16:15,391 {\an7}Rubenhold: THEY BELIEVED THAT \hYOU LIVE LIFE IN THE MOMENT. 340 00:16:15,433 --> 00:16:16,935 {\an7}NOBODY EXPECTED TO LEAD 341 00:16:16,976 --> 00:16:20,354 {\an7}THESE LONG, SORT OF HEALTHY \hLIFESTYLES THAT WE HAVE, 342 00:16:20,396 --> 00:16:22,481 {\an7}WHERE EVERYBODY’S VERY CAUTIOUS \h\h\h\h\h\hABOUT WHAT THEY EAT 343 00:16:22,523 --> 00:16:26,944 {\an7}AND HOW THEY CONDUCT THEMSELVES \h\h\h\h\h\hIN TERMS OF HEALTH. 344 00:16:26,986 --> 00:16:28,488 {\an7}IN THE 17th CENTURY, 345 00:16:28,529 --> 00:16:30,614 {\an7}YOU DIDN’T KNOW IF YOU COULD BE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDEAD TOMORROW. 346 00:16:30,656 --> 00:16:32,783 {\an7}SO TAKE YOUR PLEASURE \h\h\hWHILE YOU CAN. 347 00:16:32,825 --> 00:16:35,244 {\an7}PICK YOUR ROSEBUDS \h\hWHILE YOU MAY. 348 00:16:38,748 --> 00:16:44,087 {\an7}Borman: THIS IS SOHO, THE HEART OF LONDON’S SEX INDUSTRY TODAY. 349 00:16:44,128 --> 00:16:48,174 {\an7}IN STUART TIMES, PROSTITUTION \h\hWAS SIMPLY A FACT OF LIFE 350 00:16:48,216 --> 00:16:49,843 {\an7}IN THE CAPITAL, 351 00:16:49,884 --> 00:16:54,097 {\an7}\h\hWITH JUST ABOUT ANYTHING AVAILABLE TO SUIT ANY BUDGET. 352 00:16:54,138 --> 00:16:57,850 {\an7}WITH IT CAME THE PROBLEM \h\hOF VENEREAL DISEASE. 353 00:16:57,892 --> 00:17:01,020 {\an7}SO PROSTITUTES WOULD PROBABLY \h\h\h\hHAVE HAD TO MAKE USE 354 00:17:01,062 --> 00:17:04,399 {\an7}OF ONE OF THE TRADE’S \hMORE CURIOUS ITEMS, 355 00:17:04,440 --> 00:17:06,150 {\an7}THE MERKIN WIG. 356 00:17:06,192 --> 00:17:07,485 {\an7}AND WHAT’S A MERKIN? 357 00:17:07,527 --> 00:17:10,030 {\an7}WELL, IT’S A WIG THAT COVERS 358 00:17:10,071 --> 00:17:13,157 {\an7}CERTAIN OTHER PARTS \h\hOF THE ANATOMY. 359 00:17:16,744 --> 00:17:18,579 {\an7}MAYBE IT’S NOT TOO SURPRISING 360 00:17:18,621 --> 00:17:22,458 {\an7}THAT DISEASES LIKE SYPHILIS \h\h\h\hWERE RIFE AT COURT. 361 00:17:22,500 --> 00:17:26,546 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE KING EVEN HAD HIS PERSONAL POX DOCTOR. 362 00:17:26,587 --> 00:17:30,216 {\an7}I’M HERE AT A NOTORIOUS \hMEMBERS CLUB IN SOHO 363 00:17:30,258 --> 00:17:32,343 {\an7}TO MEET DR. ROSEMARY LEONARD 364 00:17:32,385 --> 00:17:37,473 {\an7}AND FIND OUT A LITTLE MORE ABOUT HOW SEXUAL DISEASES WERE TREATED 365 00:17:37,515 --> 00:17:41,394 {\an7}AT THE COURT OF KING CHARLES II. 366 00:17:41,435 --> 00:17:43,729 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSO, ROSEMARY, WE HAVE QUITE AN INTRIGUING COLLECTION 367 00:17:43,771 --> 00:17:44,981 {\an7}OF ITEMS HERE, DON’T WE? 368 00:17:45,022 --> 00:17:46,565 {\an7}CAN YOU TALK ME THROUGH \h\h\h\h\h\hSOME OF IT? 369 00:17:46,607 --> 00:17:49,193 {\an7}Rosemary Leonard: YES, THIS IS \h\h\h\h\hTHE STATE OF THE ART 370 00:17:49,235 --> 00:17:51,946 {\an7}FOR THE APOTHECARY IN JACOBEAN TIMES. 371 00:17:51,988 --> 00:17:55,325 {\an7}THERE WERE THINGS THEY COULD DO \hTO TRY AND PROTECT THEMSELVES 372 00:17:55,366 --> 00:17:57,702 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM GETTING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES 373 00:17:57,743 --> 00:18:00,663 {\an7}AND ALSO, ONE PRESUMES, \hTO STOP PREGNANCIES. 374 00:18:00,705 --> 00:18:06,127 {\an7}\hSO THIS IS A JACOBEAN SORT OF PROTECTIVE, ONE MIGHT SAY. 375 00:18:06,168 --> 00:18:07,920 {\an7}AND THIS WAS TIED ON. 376 00:18:07,962 --> 00:18:09,464 {\an7}I MEAN, YOU CAN’T \hIMAGINE IT NOW. 377 00:18:09,505 --> 00:18:11,799 {\an7}I MEAN, YOU’D THINK IT WOULD \h\hWORK AS A CONTRACEPTIVE, 378 00:18:11,841 --> 00:18:14,260 {\an7}BECAUSE THEY ACTUALLY WOULDN’T \h\h\h\hWANT TO DO IT ANYMORE. 379 00:18:14,302 --> 00:18:17,222 {\an7}BUT IT WAS ACTUALLY TIED ON TO TRY AND KEEP IT IN PLACE. 380 00:18:17,263 --> 00:18:18,723 {\an7}\hBorman: I WAS GONNA SAY, OTHERWISE YOU WOULD IMAGINE 381 00:18:18,764 --> 00:18:20,766 {\an7}\h\hTHAT WOULD STAY ON FOR ABOUT TWO SECONDS. 382 00:18:20,808 --> 00:18:22,184 {\an7}Leonard: NO, I CAN’T THINK \h\h\h\h\hIT WORKED AT ALL. 383 00:18:22,226 --> 00:18:23,436 {\an7}I SHOULD JUST THINK IT CAME OFF. 384 00:18:23,477 --> 00:18:24,895 {\an7}Borman: ABSOLUTELY. 385 00:18:24,937 --> 00:18:26,355 {\an7}\hLeonard: SO PERHAPS THAT’S WHAT HAPPENED. 386 00:18:26,397 --> 00:18:30,234 {\an7}SO THEY THEN ALSO HAD THE LARGER, YOU KNOW, 387 00:18:30,276 --> 00:18:31,652 {\an7}MORE ROBUST VERSION. 388 00:18:31,694 --> 00:18:32,904 {\an7}Borman: A DELUXE VERSION, \h\h\h\h\h\h\hHERE WE GO. 389 00:18:32,945 --> 00:18:34,738 {\an7}Leonard: THE DELUXE VERSION. 390 00:18:34,780 --> 00:18:36,407 {\an7}Borman: AND WHAT IS THIS MADE \hOUT OF? IT’S PRETTY THICK. 391 00:18:36,449 --> 00:18:37,742 {\an7}Leonard: IT IS VERY THICK. 392 00:18:37,783 --> 00:18:39,326 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIT’S MADE OUT OF ANIMAL INTESTINE. 393 00:18:39,368 --> 00:18:41,787 {\an7}SHEEP’S INTESTINE, \hCOW’S INTESTINE. 394 00:18:41,829 --> 00:18:43,080 {\an7}THEY WOULD PULL THEM ON, 395 00:18:43,122 --> 00:18:44,832 {\an7}TIE THEM AT THE TOP \hAND PULL THEM ON. 396 00:18:44,874 --> 00:18:46,125 {\an7}Borman: I HARDLY DARE ASK, 397 00:18:46,167 --> 00:18:47,960 {\an7}BUT WOULD IT HAVE BEEN USED \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hONLY ONCE? 398 00:18:48,002 --> 00:18:49,587 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLeonard: WELL, WE DON’T REALLY KNOW. 399 00:18:49,629 --> 00:18:51,798 {\an7}\h\h\hBUT I WOULD PRESUME AN UPPER CLASS GENTLEMAN, 400 00:18:51,839 --> 00:18:54,342 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hOR THE KING, WOULD HAVE A GOOD SUPPLY. 401 00:18:54,383 --> 00:18:57,219 {\an7}BUT PEOPLE OF LESSER MEANS, \h\h\h\h\h\h\hPROBABLY YES, 402 00:18:57,261 --> 00:19:00,598 {\an7}\hTHEY WOULD RINSE THEM OUT, WASH THEM AND USE THEM AGAIN. 403 00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:02,267 {\an7}Borman: I’M GONNA QUICKLY HAND \h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHIS BACK TO YOU, 404 00:19:02,308 --> 00:19:05,269 {\an7}SO WE CAN PASS ON. 405 00:19:05,311 --> 00:19:08,105 {\an7}\h\h\h\hRubenhold: ONE WAY YOU COULD PROTECT YOURSELF 406 00:19:08,147 --> 00:19:13,694 {\an7}\h\hWAS TO USE A FAIRLY NEW INVENTION CALLED A CONDON, 407 00:19:13,736 --> 00:19:15,988 {\an7}OR A CONDOM AS WE WOULD KNOW IT. 408 00:19:16,030 --> 00:19:20,701 {\an7}AND AT THIS TIME, THEY WERE MADE LARGELY FROM EITHER SHEEP’S GUT 409 00:19:20,743 --> 00:19:23,788 {\an7}\h\h\hOR ANOTHER TYPE OF ANIMAL INTESTINE, 410 00:19:23,829 --> 00:19:26,373 {\an7}AND THEY COULD BE WASHED OUT \h\h\h\h\h\hAND REUSED AGAIN. 411 00:19:26,415 --> 00:19:30,669 {\an7}\h\h\h\hOR THEY WERE MADE OUT OF A VERY FINE LINEN CLOTH AS WELL. 412 00:19:30,711 --> 00:19:33,964 {\an7}AGAIN, WASHED OUT AND REUSED. 413 00:19:35,966 --> 00:19:37,593 {\an7}Borman: SO WHAT’S NEXT? 414 00:19:37,635 --> 00:19:40,680 {\an7}Leonard: SO DESPITE USING CONTRACEPTIVES PROTECTION, 415 00:19:40,721 --> 00:19:45,142 {\an7}POX WAS RIFE, AND THEY WOULD \hGET LESIONS ON THEIR SKIN. 416 00:19:45,184 --> 00:19:47,978 {\an7}SO THEY WOULD TRY AND TREAT THEM 417 00:19:48,020 --> 00:19:52,816 {\an7}WITH A WONDERFUL POULTICE \h\h\h\h\hOF FROG’S SKIN. 418 00:19:52,858 --> 00:19:56,904 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hYOU MIXED IT UP WITH ANIMAL LARD, THAT’S ANIMAL FAT, 419 00:19:56,946 --> 00:20:02,702 {\an7}YOU MADE A POULTICE, AND RUB IT \h\h\h\hON TO THE POXY LESIONS. 420 00:20:02,743 --> 00:20:05,537 {\an7}SO EVEN WHEN THE POX HAD HEALED, 421 00:20:05,579 --> 00:20:09,583 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WOULD DESTROY THE LOOK OF THEIR PUBIC AREA, 422 00:20:09,625 --> 00:20:10,835 {\an7}THEY’D HAVE SCARRING. 423 00:20:10,876 --> 00:20:12,628 {\an7}SO THEY USED THESE. 424 00:20:12,670 --> 00:20:14,213 {\an7}Borman: THE FAMOUS MERKIN. 425 00:20:14,255 --> 00:20:15,631 {\an7}Leonard: YEAH. 426 00:20:15,673 --> 00:20:17,133 {\an7}\hBorman: THE PUBIC WIG, JUST TO COVER IT ALL UP. 427 00:20:17,174 --> 00:20:18,759 {\an7}Leonard: COVER IT ALL UP. 428 00:20:18,801 --> 00:20:22,138 {\an7}\h\hAND ALSO HAVING A LOT OF PUBIC HAIR WAS, UNLIKE TODAY, 429 00:20:22,179 --> 00:20:24,848 {\an7}\hIT WAS REGARDED AS BEING VERY SEXUALLY ATTRACTIVE. 430 00:20:24,890 --> 00:20:26,475 {\an7}Borman: REALLY? FASHIONS HAVE CHANGED THAT MUCH. 431 00:20:26,517 --> 00:20:28,019 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLeonard: FASHIONS HAVE CHANGED, YES. 432 00:20:28,060 --> 00:20:30,062 {\an7}\h\hBorman: NOW, WOULD THIS HAVE BEEN REAL PUBIC HAIR? 433 00:20:30,104 --> 00:20:31,939 {\an7}\h\h\hLeonard: AFRAID SO, YES, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN. 434 00:20:31,981 --> 00:20:33,816 {\an7}AND THEY TIED THEM ON. 435 00:20:33,858 --> 00:20:35,651 {\an7}\hBorman: RIGHT. ONE WOULD IMAGINE 436 00:20:35,693 --> 00:20:38,696 {\an7}\hTHEY MIGHT NOT HAVE STAYED IN PLACE THROUGHOUT, BUT... 437 00:20:38,738 --> 00:20:40,448 {\an7}\h\h\h\hLeonard: YEAH, YOU COULD IMAGINE THEM 438 00:20:40,489 --> 00:20:43,534 {\an7}GOING SOMEWHERE WHERE THEY... \hYES, IN THE WRONG POSITION. 439 00:20:43,576 --> 00:20:46,370 {\an7}Rideal: WOMEN AND PROSTITUTES \hAND SOMETIMES MEN AS WELL, 440 00:20:46,412 --> 00:20:48,623 {\an7}\hIF THEY WANTED TO HIDE THE SYMPTOMS OF VENEREAL DISEASE, 441 00:20:48,664 --> 00:20:53,878 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEY’D WEAR A MERKIN, WHICH WAS BASICALLY A PUBIC WIG. 442 00:20:53,919 --> 00:20:56,880 {\an7}AND THEY WORE THEM TO HIDE \hTHESE GROTESQUE SYMPTOMS 443 00:20:56,922 --> 00:20:59,633 {\an7}THAT THEY WOULD HAVE CONTRACTED. 444 00:20:59,675 --> 00:21:01,218 {\an7}McMahon: IT COULD BE LICE, 445 00:21:01,260 --> 00:21:03,179 {\an7}IT COULD BE SYMPTOMS \h\hOF POOR HYGIENE. 446 00:21:03,220 --> 00:21:05,389 {\an7}BUT MORE LIKELY IT WOULD BE \h\h\h\h\hVENEREAL DISEASE, 447 00:21:05,431 --> 00:21:06,974 {\an7}SO THEY WERE HIDING THAT AWAY. 448 00:21:07,016 --> 00:21:09,185 {\an7}SO IT WILL PROBABLY BE MADE \h\h\hOF HAIR, ANIMAL HAIR, 449 00:21:09,226 --> 00:21:11,812 {\an7}\h\hMAYBE HUMAN HAIR, MAYBE THEIR OWN HAIR. 450 00:21:11,854 --> 00:21:13,189 {\an7}BUT IT COULD ALSO BE SOFT CLOTH. 451 00:21:13,230 --> 00:21:15,441 {\an7}I MEAN, IT MAY HAVE BEEN DECORATIVE ON OCCASION, 452 00:21:15,483 --> 00:21:16,693 {\an7}IT MAY HAVE BEEN JOKEY. 453 00:21:16,734 --> 00:21:18,611 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT I THINK IN THE MAJORITY OF CASES 454 00:21:18,652 --> 00:21:23,157 {\an7}IT WAS TO HIDE SOMETHING DOWN BELOW THAT WASN’T QUITE RIGHT. 455 00:21:23,199 --> 00:21:28,246 {\an7}♪ 456 00:21:28,287 --> 00:21:30,539 {\an7}Borman: KING CHARLES II \h\h\h\hHAD OTHER LOVES 457 00:21:30,581 --> 00:21:32,249 {\an7}BESIDES WOMEN, OF COURSE. 458 00:21:32,291 --> 00:21:36,086 {\an7}\h\hHORSE RACING WAS ONE, AND ANOTHER WAS HIS DOGS. 459 00:21:36,128 --> 00:21:38,881 {\an7}THE KING WAS VERY FOND OF THE SPANIEL BREED, 460 00:21:38,923 --> 00:21:41,134 {\an7}AND IT’S SAID THAT HE NEVER \h\h\h\h\h\h\hWENT ANYWHERE 461 00:21:41,175 --> 00:21:43,761 {\an7}WITHOUT AT LEAST THREE OF THEM \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT HIS HEELS. 462 00:21:43,803 --> 00:21:46,055 {\an7}THE DOWNSIDE WAS THE MESS. 463 00:21:46,096 --> 00:21:49,641 {\an7}APPARENTLY IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE \hTO WALK IN A STRAIGHT LINE 464 00:21:49,683 --> 00:21:52,477 {\an7}\h\h\h\hACROSS THE FLOORS OF THE KING’S RESIDENCES. 465 00:21:52,520 --> 00:21:54,856 {\an7}\h\hTHEY WERE ALSO GREAT FLEA MAGNETS, 466 00:21:54,897 --> 00:21:57,400 {\an7}AND IT’S SAID THAT PEOPLE TOOK THEM INTO THEIR BEDS 467 00:21:57,441 --> 00:22:01,236 {\an7}SO THAT THE FLEAS WOULD BITE \h\h\h\hTHE DOG AND NOT THEM. 468 00:22:03,239 --> 00:22:04,907 {\an7}Green: HE DIDN’T DISCIPLINE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE DOGS, 469 00:22:04,949 --> 00:22:07,160 {\an7}SO THEY WOULD JUST FOUL \h\h\h\h\h\hEVERYWHERE. 470 00:22:07,201 --> 00:22:08,619 {\an7}SO THE WHOLE KIND OF... 471 00:22:08,661 --> 00:22:11,789 {\an7}ALL THESE BEAUTIFUL STAIRCASES \h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND GILDED ROOMS 472 00:22:11,831 --> 00:22:13,291 {\an7}WERE JUST KIND OF ICED 473 00:22:13,332 --> 00:22:16,126 {\an7}IN THIS KIND OF DISGUSTING SORT \h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF DOG EXCREMENT. 474 00:22:16,168 --> 00:22:18,545 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND IT WAS SEEN AS SORT OF LIKE SYMBOLIC 475 00:22:18,587 --> 00:22:22,299 {\an7}OF THE KIND OF MORAL FILTH \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE DAY. 476 00:22:22,341 --> 00:22:25,344 {\an7}\hRubenhold: CHARLES’S MAIN OBJECTIVE IN LIFE 477 00:22:25,386 --> 00:22:28,848 {\an7}\h\h\hWAS TO PLAY THINGS AS CAREFULLY AS HE COULD. 478 00:22:28,889 --> 00:22:32,726 {\an7}AND SEX, AND EXTRAVAGANT \hLIFESTYLE, AND EATING, 479 00:22:32,768 --> 00:22:34,103 {\an7}AND ALL OF THIS TYPE OF THING, 480 00:22:34,144 --> 00:22:36,813 {\an7}WAS THIS INCREDIBLE DISTRACTION FOR HIM, 481 00:22:36,856 --> 00:22:38,399 {\an7}WHICH MEANT THAT HE DIDN’T HAVE TO THINK 482 00:22:38,440 --> 00:22:41,443 {\an7}ABOUT THE PROBLEMS OF THE COURT, OF THE COUNTRY. 483 00:22:41,485 --> 00:22:44,279 {\an7}IT WAS TOTAL ESCAPISM. 484 00:22:45,155 --> 00:22:51,703 {\an7}♪ 485 00:22:51,745 --> 00:22:55,123 {\an7}Borman: ANOTHER OF CHARLES’S \h\h\h\hGREAT LOVES WAS FOOD. 486 00:22:55,165 --> 00:23:00,337 {\an7}\hMEAL TIMES WERE FILLED WITH RITUAL AND CEREMONY. 487 00:23:00,379 --> 00:23:03,841 {\an7}FOOD HISTORIAN IVAN DAY \hHAS AGREED TO MEET ME 488 00:23:03,883 --> 00:23:07,220 {\an7}AT THE HISTORIC 15th CENTURY \h\h\h\h\hLONG CRENDON MANOR 489 00:23:07,261 --> 00:23:08,888 {\an7}IN BUCKINGHAMSHIRE 490 00:23:08,929 --> 00:23:13,267 {\an7}TO TALK ME THROUGH AND SHOW ME \h\h\h\hJUST WHAT THE KING ATE. 491 00:23:20,733 --> 00:23:22,193 {\an7}Ivan Day: TRACY, I’VE GOT HERE 492 00:23:22,234 --> 00:23:25,696 {\an7}A REALLY REMARKABLE BIT \h\hOF BRITISH HISTORY, 493 00:23:25,738 --> 00:23:30,034 {\an7}\h\hWHICH IS A BOOK, PUBLISHED DURING THE REIGN OF CHARLES II, 494 00:23:30,075 --> 00:23:33,579 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE ORDER OF THE GARTER. 495 00:23:33,621 --> 00:23:38,376 {\an7}AND DURING HIS REIGN, OF COURSE, KING CHARLES II 496 00:23:38,417 --> 00:23:40,878 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWAS THE CHIEF PIXIE OF THE ORDER OF THE GARTER. 497 00:23:40,920 --> 00:23:44,632 {\an7}\hBorman: AND THERE HE IS IN ALL HIS SPLENDOR. 498 00:23:44,673 --> 00:23:48,385 {\an7}Day: WHY WE’RE FOCUSED ON IT IS, A BIT FURTHER BACK IN THE BOOK, 499 00:23:48,427 --> 00:23:54,058 {\an7}IS AN ACCOUNT OF A FEAST HELD AT WINDSOR IN 1671. 500 00:23:54,099 --> 00:23:57,936 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND AT THAT MEAL, WE HAVE THE FIRST RECORD OF ICE CREAM... 501 00:23:57,978 --> 00:23:59,062 {\an7}Borman: OH, HOW WONDERFUL. 502 00:23:59,104 --> 00:24:00,897 {\an7}Day: ...BEING SERVED. SO... 503 00:24:00,940 --> 00:24:02,733 {\an7}Borman: WOW! LOOK AT THAT! 504 00:24:02,775 --> 00:24:07,405 {\an7}THAT’S AMAZING TO SEE A MEAL \h\hIN SUCH DETAIL LIKE THAT. 505 00:24:07,446 --> 00:24:09,698 {\an7}Day: WELL, IT’S ABOUT AS REGAL \h\h\hAS YOU CAN GET, ISN’T IT? 506 00:24:09,740 --> 00:24:11,909 {\an7}THIS IS ST. GEORGE’S HALL. 507 00:24:11,951 --> 00:24:13,536 {\an7}Borman: THERE AT THE TOP TABLE, 508 00:24:13,577 --> 00:24:15,704 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hI PRESUME THAT’S THE MAN HIMSELF, THAT’S CHARLES. 509 00:24:15,746 --> 00:24:18,415 {\an7}Day: NO, HE’S SITTING ALONE \hUNDER A CANOPY OF STATE, 510 00:24:18,457 --> 00:24:20,751 {\an7}AND ALL THESE PEOPLE AROUND HIM \h\h\h\h\h\h\hARE SERVING HIM. 511 00:24:20,793 --> 00:24:22,670 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE KNIGHTS ARE ALL SITTING HERE, 512 00:24:22,711 --> 00:24:26,423 {\an7}AND THEY’RE PROBABLY CONSUMING THE FIRST COURSE OF THE MEAL. 513 00:24:26,465 --> 00:24:30,094 {\an7}AND THERE WERE TWO MAIN COURSES \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE FEAST, 514 00:24:30,135 --> 00:24:34,306 {\an7}\h\hAND WE ALSO HAVE THE MENU, THE BILL OF FARE FOR THAT MEAL. 515 00:24:34,348 --> 00:24:37,476 {\an7}YOU’VE GOT THESE SAVORY DISHES, \h\h\h\h\h\hLOBSTERS AND THINGS 516 00:24:37,518 --> 00:24:40,730 {\an7}\h\hTHAT COULD BE COOKED VERY QUICKLY, GAME BIRDS. 517 00:24:40,771 --> 00:24:43,524 {\an7}AND THEN AFTERWARDS \hI GUESS THEY HAD 518 00:24:43,565 --> 00:24:47,110 {\an7}WHAT WAS THE EQUIVALENT OF OUR MODERN AFTER-DINNER CHOCOLATE, 519 00:24:47,152 --> 00:24:50,280 {\an7}WHICH WAS A DESSERT, BUT THEY \h\h\hCALLED IT THE BANQUET. 520 00:24:50,322 --> 00:24:52,574 {\an7}Borman: SO NOT A GREAT FEAST \h\hAS THE WORD CONJURES UP? 521 00:24:52,616 --> 00:24:55,619 {\an7}\h\h\h\hDay: NO, IT HAD A TOTALLY DIFFERENT MEANING IN THOSE DAYS. 522 00:24:55,661 --> 00:24:59,582 {\an7}PROBABLY THE MOST LUXURIOUS ITEM IS ONE PLATE OF ICE CREAM. 523 00:24:59,623 --> 00:25:00,958 {\an7}Borman: WOW! 524 00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:03,211 {\an7}Day: AND THAT REALLY IS THE FIRST RECORD 525 00:25:03,252 --> 00:25:05,671 {\an7}OF ICE CREAM BEING SERVED \h\h\h\hIN BRITAIN, YEAH. 526 00:25:05,713 --> 00:25:08,424 {\an7}Borman: THAT’S EXTRAORDINARY. 527 00:25:08,465 --> 00:25:10,008 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRubenhold: BECAUSE CHARLES WAS A KING, 528 00:25:10,050 --> 00:25:12,010 {\an7}HIS TABLE WAS ALWAYS EXTREMELY WELL LAID. 529 00:25:12,052 --> 00:25:14,888 {\an7}AND IN THE 17th CENTURY, \hTHAT MEANT A MULTITUDE 530 00:25:14,930 --> 00:25:17,975 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hOF DIFFERENT DISHES PUT ON THE TABLE ALL TOGETHER. 531 00:25:18,017 --> 00:25:21,771 {\an7}\h\h\hYOU KNOW, HE COULD HAVE 20, 30 DISHES LAID BEFORE HIM 532 00:25:21,812 --> 00:25:27,901 {\an7}OF MEATS AND PIES AND PUDDINGS \hAND REALLY SUMPTUOUS THINGS. 533 00:25:27,943 --> 00:25:33,157 {\an7}HE DIDN’T HAVE TO EAT EVERYTHING THAT WAS PUT BEFORE HIM. 534 00:25:33,198 --> 00:25:35,033 {\an7}McMahon: HE WOULD SIT THERE \hHAVING LITTLE BITS OF THIS 535 00:25:35,075 --> 00:25:36,034 {\an7}AND LITTLE BITS OF THAT. 536 00:25:36,076 --> 00:25:37,869 {\an7}EVEN THE ACT OF WASTING FOOD 537 00:25:37,911 --> 00:25:39,579 {\an7}WAS SOMETHING THAT ONLY \h\h\hA KING COULD DO. 538 00:25:39,621 --> 00:25:43,041 {\an7}\h\h\hBECAUSE WHO ELSE IN SOCIETY COULD WASTE THAT AMOUNT OF FOOD? 539 00:25:46,587 --> 00:25:50,299 {\an7}\h\h\hDay: YOU’D NEED A HOLLYWOOD BUDGET TO DO THIS AUTHENTICALLY. 540 00:25:50,340 --> 00:25:54,553 {\an7}BUT I’VE HAD A GO AT REPLICATING CHARLES’S DESSERT, 541 00:25:54,595 --> 00:25:56,097 {\an7}OR BANQUET COURSE. 542 00:25:56,138 --> 00:25:57,848 {\an7}Borman: WOW! 543 00:25:57,890 --> 00:26:00,351 {\an7}ALL OF THIS JUST FOR ONE MAN. \h\h\h\hTHAT’S EXTRAORDINARY. 544 00:26:00,392 --> 00:26:02,394 {\an7}SO, IVAN, WHERE DO I START? 545 00:26:02,436 --> 00:26:03,854 {\an7}Day: WELL, I THINK \h\hYOU SHOULD TRY 546 00:26:03,896 --> 00:26:05,689 {\an7}ONE OF THE OLDEST DISHES \hOF THE BANQUET COURSE, 547 00:26:05,731 --> 00:26:08,609 {\an7}WHICH IS THIS VERY LIGHT THING \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCALLED A WAFER. 548 00:26:08,650 --> 00:26:10,944 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBorman: LOVELY, IT’S BEAUTIFULLY DECORATED. 549 00:26:10,986 --> 00:26:12,863 {\an7}Day: MADE IN 17th CENTURY \h\h\h\h\hWAFERING IRONS. 550 00:26:12,905 --> 00:26:15,074 {\an7}Borman: AHH. 551 00:26:15,115 --> 00:26:16,742 {\an7}MMM. OH, THAT’S NICE. 552 00:26:16,784 --> 00:26:19,996 {\an7}\h\h\hIT’S NOT TOO SWEET, BUT STILL A NICE FLAVOR. 553 00:26:20,037 --> 00:26:22,581 {\an7}OKAY, AND NOW THIS \h\hLOOKS GLORIOUS. 554 00:26:22,623 --> 00:26:26,919 {\an7}Day: WELL, THIS IS A SYLLABUB IN A 17th CENTURY SYLLABUB GLASS. 555 00:26:26,960 --> 00:26:30,964 {\an7}\hAND YOU FIRST OF ALL DRANK THE LIQUID FROM THE BOTTOM, 556 00:26:31,006 --> 00:26:32,549 {\an7}BY SUCKING IT THROUGH THE SPOUT. 557 00:26:32,591 --> 00:26:34,259 {\an7}THAT’S NOT LIKE A TEA POT, \h\h\hIT’S NOT FOR POURING, 558 00:26:34,301 --> 00:26:35,344 {\an7}IT’S FOR SUCKING. 559 00:26:35,385 --> 00:26:37,178 {\an7}SO HERE WE GO. 560 00:26:37,221 --> 00:26:39,306 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBorman: HUH! AND IT REALLY WORKS. 561 00:26:39,348 --> 00:26:40,808 {\an7}\hDay: AND YOU GET STRONG ALCOHOLIC, 562 00:26:40,849 --> 00:26:43,060 {\an7}AND THEN YOU EAT THE REST OF IT \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS SPOON MEAT. 563 00:26:43,102 --> 00:26:46,147 {\an7}\hBorman: AH, SO A LITTLE BIT OF CREAM TO FOLLOW THE BOOZE. 564 00:26:46,188 --> 00:26:47,147 {\an7}Day: YEAH. 565 00:26:47,189 --> 00:26:48,148 {\an7}Borman: WONDERFUL. 566 00:26:48,190 --> 00:26:49,900 {\an7}WHAT’S ON THIS VERY... 567 00:26:49,942 --> 00:26:52,069 {\an7}\hDay: WELL, THERE’S AN ARRAY OF WHITE AND RED GINGERBREADS 568 00:26:52,111 --> 00:26:53,779 {\an7}AND BLACK GINGERBREAD. 569 00:26:53,821 --> 00:26:56,032 {\an7}AND THEN THESE ARE CALLED \h\h\h\h\h\hPIPPIN KNOTS, 570 00:26:56,073 --> 00:26:57,283 {\an7}THEY’RE MADE FROM APPLES. 571 00:26:57,324 --> 00:26:58,742 {\an7}AND THEN THIS ONE, 572 00:26:58,784 --> 00:27:01,829 {\an7}WHICH IS THE MOST DANGEROUS FOOD ON THE TABLE, 573 00:27:01,870 --> 00:27:05,374 {\an7}\hTHIS IS THE VIAGRA OF THE STUART PERIOD. 574 00:27:05,415 --> 00:27:06,541 {\an7}Borman: OH, REALLY. 575 00:27:06,583 --> 00:27:08,293 {\an7}Day: IT’S CANDIED RINGO ROOT, 576 00:27:08,335 --> 00:27:11,046 {\an7}\h\hAND IT WAS CONSIDERED TO BE THE MOST POWERFUL APHRODISIAC, 577 00:27:11,088 --> 00:27:12,923 {\an7}PRETTY SUITED TO THIS PARTICULAR MERRY MONARCH, 578 00:27:12,965 --> 00:27:14,717 {\an7}I WOULD HAVE THOUGHT. 579 00:27:14,758 --> 00:27:16,385 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBorman: WELL, NOW YOU’VE SET IT UP, I’VE GOT TO TRY THIS. 580 00:27:16,426 --> 00:27:18,011 {\an7}Day: I’M STEPPING WELL BACK. 581 00:27:18,053 --> 00:27:20,764 {\an7}Borman: [LAUGHS] I CAN’T ACCOUNT FOR MY ACTIONS AFTER THIS. 582 00:27:22,933 --> 00:27:24,476 {\an7}THAT’S VERY UNUSUAL. 583 00:27:24,518 --> 00:27:27,229 {\an7}IT’S KIND OF LIKE PARSNIP. 584 00:27:27,271 --> 00:27:29,064 {\an7}I’M GETTING NOT WHAT I WAS \h\h\h\h\hEXPECTING AT ALL. 585 00:27:29,106 --> 00:27:31,025 {\an7}Day: YEAH, SOMETIMES CALLED SEA PARSNIP. 586 00:27:31,066 --> 00:27:32,818 {\an7}Borman: MMM. 587 00:27:32,860 --> 00:27:34,987 {\an7}Day: WHAT YOU’RE EATING IT WITH IS A THING CALLED A SUCKET FORK. 588 00:27:35,028 --> 00:27:37,906 {\an7}SO YOU CAN EAT SOMETHING STICKY \h\h\hLIKE THAT WITH THE FORK. 589 00:27:37,948 --> 00:27:40,826 {\an7}AND THEN WHY DON’T YOU TRY \h\h\hCHARLES’S ICE CREAM? 590 00:27:40,868 --> 00:27:43,204 {\an7}\h\hBorman: THIS IS REALLY THE SHOWSTOPPER, ISN’T IT? 591 00:27:43,245 --> 00:27:45,539 {\an7}THE ICE CREAM. 592 00:27:45,581 --> 00:27:47,917 {\an7}LOVELY. 593 00:27:47,958 --> 00:27:51,003 {\an7}MMM, THAT IS DELICIOUS. 594 00:27:51,044 --> 00:27:53,505 {\an7}IT’S VERY DELICATELY FLAVORED. 595 00:27:53,547 --> 00:27:55,007 {\an7}WHAT IS THAT THAT I’M TASTING? 596 00:27:55,048 --> 00:27:56,841 {\an7}Day: IT’S ORANGE FLOWER WATER, 597 00:27:56,884 --> 00:28:00,304 {\an7}WHICH WAS REALLY THE PERFUME \hOF THE COURT OF LOUIS XIV. 598 00:28:00,345 --> 00:28:02,639 {\an7}Borman: OF COURSE, YES, HE LOVED ORANGE FLOWER, DIDN’T HE. 599 00:28:02,681 --> 00:28:04,391 {\an7}WELL, THAT’S ABSOLUTELY \h\h\h\h\h\hBEAUTIFUL. 600 00:28:04,433 --> 00:28:07,144 {\an7}VERY DELICATE FLAVOR. 601 00:28:07,186 --> 00:28:08,896 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMcMahon: ONE OF HIS FAVORITE FOODS 602 00:28:08,937 --> 00:28:11,231 {\an7}WAS SOMETHING CALLED \hEGG AND AMBERGRIS. 603 00:28:11,273 --> 00:28:14,401 {\an7}AND AMBERGRIS IS BASICALLY \h\h\h\h\h\h\hWASTE MATTER 604 00:28:14,443 --> 00:28:17,738 {\an7}THAT WHALES BARF UP OR DEFECATE. 605 00:28:17,779 --> 00:28:19,823 {\an7}\h\hAND IT BASICALLY INCLUDES SQUID BEAKS 606 00:28:19,865 --> 00:28:21,241 {\an7}AND ALL SORTS OF HORRIBLE STUFF. 607 00:28:21,283 --> 00:28:23,911 {\an7}BUT IT SMELLS FOUL \hWHEN IT’S FOUND, 608 00:28:23,952 --> 00:28:25,996 {\an7}\h\hBUT THEN ACQUIRES A VERY PUNGENT ODOR. 609 00:28:26,038 --> 00:28:28,082 {\an7}\hAND CHARLES LOVED HAVING THIS CHOPPED UP WITH EGG. 610 00:28:28,123 --> 00:28:30,500 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS ONE OF HIS FAVORITE MEALS, 611 00:28:30,542 --> 00:28:32,919 {\an7}AND I HAVE TO SAY IT SOUNDS \h\hABSOLUTELY DISGUSTING, 612 00:28:32,961 --> 00:28:35,464 {\an7}BUT THAT’S WHAT HE LIKED. 613 00:28:35,505 --> 00:28:36,464 {\an7}Day: WHY DON’T YOU TRY \h\h\h\h\hONE OF THESE? 614 00:28:36,506 --> 00:28:38,258 {\an7}THIS IS CALLED BANE BREAD. 615 00:28:38,300 --> 00:28:39,760 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWE DON’T KNOW WHY IT’S CALLED THAT, 616 00:28:39,801 --> 00:28:41,845 {\an7}\h\h\hBUT IT’S ABSOLUTELY SPECTACULARLY DELICIOUS. 617 00:28:41,887 --> 00:28:42,930 {\an7}Borman: MMM. 618 00:28:42,971 --> 00:28:45,223 {\an7}Day: VERY CRISP. \h\hBorman: MMM. 619 00:28:45,265 --> 00:28:47,476 {\an7}Day: MADE FROM ALMONDS... \h\h\h\hBorman: OH, YEAH. 620 00:28:47,517 --> 00:28:48,893 {\an7}\hDay: AND YOU SHOULD GET SOME ROSE WATER IN THERE. 621 00:28:48,936 --> 00:28:50,813 {\an7}Borman: MMM, AGAIN, IT’S GOT \h\h\h\h\h\h\hA SIMILAR TASTE 622 00:28:50,854 --> 00:28:52,939 {\an7}\h\hTO THE ICE CREAM, THAT VERY FRAGRANT... 623 00:28:52,981 --> 00:28:55,650 {\an7}\hDay: THEY LOVE THE FLAVOR OF PERFUMES, IT’S EXTRAORDINARY. 624 00:28:55,692 --> 00:28:57,694 {\an7}\h\hBorman: MMM, MMM, NO, THAT’S DELICIOUS. 625 00:28:57,736 --> 00:28:59,363 {\an7}Day: MM-HMM. 626 00:28:59,404 --> 00:29:02,365 {\an7}Borman: AND HERE AT THE END, \hWE HAVE SOMETHING HEALTHY. 627 00:29:02,407 --> 00:29:05,035 {\an7}A LARGE DISH OF ORANGES. 628 00:29:05,077 --> 00:29:06,328 {\an7}Day: WELL, OF COURSE, \hYOU HAVE TO REMEMBER 629 00:29:06,370 --> 00:29:07,746 {\an7}THAT HIS MISTRESS NELL GWYNNE 630 00:29:07,788 --> 00:29:09,498 {\an7}WAS SELLING THESE IN COVENT GARDEN. 631 00:29:09,539 --> 00:29:12,417 {\an7}Borman: AH, SO THIS IS A LITTLE \h\h\hREFERENCE TO HER PERHAPS. 632 00:29:12,459 --> 00:29:13,835 {\an7}HOW FANTASTIC. 633 00:29:13,877 --> 00:29:16,171 {\an7}WELL, THANK YOU FOR SHOWING ME \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hALL OF THIS. 634 00:29:16,213 --> 00:29:19,133 {\an7}\hI MEAN, I KNOW YOU SAID THIS IS A REDUCED VERSION 635 00:29:19,174 --> 00:29:21,093 {\an7}OF ONE OF CHARLES’S BANQUETS. 636 00:29:21,134 --> 00:29:23,219 {\an7}BUT I JUST FIND IT \hHARD TO BELIEVE, 637 00:29:23,262 --> 00:29:25,681 {\an7}ALL OF THIS JUST FOR ONE MAN. 638 00:29:25,722 --> 00:29:27,140 {\an7}Day: NOT A MAN, A KING. 639 00:29:27,182 --> 00:29:28,684 {\an7}Borman: AND A VERY PAMPERED ONE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT THAT. 640 00:29:28,725 --> 00:29:29,893 {\an7}Day: YEAH. 641 00:29:29,935 --> 00:29:37,359 {\an7}♪ 642 00:29:37,401 --> 00:29:39,320 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBorman: AS WELL AS HIS LOVE OF FOOD, 643 00:29:39,361 --> 00:29:41,738 {\an7}CHARLES WAS A BIT OF A DANDY. 644 00:29:41,780 --> 00:29:43,282 {\an7}HE WAS FASHION CONSCIOUS 645 00:29:43,323 --> 00:29:46,618 {\an7}AND LIKED TO LOOK HIS BEST \h\h\h\h\hFROM HEAD TO TOE. 646 00:29:46,660 --> 00:29:49,204 {\an7}IT’S NOT THAT WELL KNOWN \h\hTHAT HE WAS THE FIRST 647 00:29:49,246 --> 00:29:52,207 {\an7}TO MAKE THE THREE-PIECE SUIT \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFASHIONABLE. 648 00:29:52,249 --> 00:29:54,752 {\an7}HISTORICAL COSTUMIER \h\h\h\hMARK GRIFFIN 649 00:29:54,793 --> 00:29:57,379 {\an7}HAS AGREED TO SHOW ME \h\hWHAT KING CHARLES 650 00:29:57,421 --> 00:30:01,508 {\an7}AND OTHER FASHIONABLE MEN AND WOMEN IN THE MID-17th CENTURY 651 00:30:01,550 --> 00:30:03,302 {\an7}WERE WEARING. 652 00:30:05,887 --> 00:30:09,641 {\an7}SO, MARK, YOUR MAJESTY, LOOKING \h\hRESPLENDENT ALREADY TODAY. 653 00:30:09,683 --> 00:30:11,310 {\an7}\hCAN YOU TALK ME THROUGH WHAT THE KING IS WEARING? 654 00:30:11,351 --> 00:30:12,602 {\an7}Mark Griffin: HI, TRACY, YES. 655 00:30:12,644 --> 00:30:14,604 {\an7}WELL, RIGHT FROM THE VERY START, 656 00:30:14,646 --> 00:30:16,314 {\an7}HE’S GOT A NEW WONDERFUL \h\h\h\h\h\hFASHION ITEM, 657 00:30:16,356 --> 00:30:18,191 {\an7}THE HEELED SHOES HE’S WEARING. 658 00:30:18,233 --> 00:30:19,443 {\an7}THEY’RE ACTUALLY NOT MADE \h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN A PAIR, 659 00:30:19,484 --> 00:30:20,777 {\an7}THEY’RE STRAIGHT-LASTED, 660 00:30:20,819 --> 00:30:22,154 {\an7}SO HE COULD WEAR THEM \h\h\hON EITHER SIDE. 661 00:30:22,195 --> 00:30:24,197 {\an7}BUT HE’S GOT BUCKLES ON THAT HE CAN INTERCHANGE. 662 00:30:24,239 --> 00:30:27,117 {\an7}THEY CAN HAVE BOWS AND THINGS \h\h\h\h\h\hAUGMENTING THEM. 663 00:30:27,159 --> 00:30:29,119 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEN HE’S GOT HIS FINE SILK STOCKINGS ON, 664 00:30:29,161 --> 00:30:30,704 {\an7}I WOULDN’T SUGGEST \h\hYOU FEEL THEM, 665 00:30:30,746 --> 00:30:33,332 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT THEY ARE OF THE FINEST QUALITY. 666 00:30:33,373 --> 00:30:35,584 {\an7}THEN WE HAVE, MOVING ON \h\h\hTO HIS BREECHES, 667 00:30:35,625 --> 00:30:39,337 {\an7}WHICH ARE MADE OF VELVET, \h\hPROBABLY FROM ITALY. 668 00:30:39,379 --> 00:30:42,632 {\an7}UM, MAYBE VENETIAN, UM, SO VERY, VERY EXPENSIVE. 669 00:30:42,674 --> 00:30:44,509 {\an7}I MEAN, HIS BREECHES ALONE \h\h\h\h\h\hARE WORTH MORE 670 00:30:44,551 --> 00:30:46,178 {\an7}THAN MOST PEOPLE WILL EARN \h\h\h\hIN THEIR LIFETIME. 671 00:30:46,219 --> 00:30:48,012 {\an7}SO VERY, VERY EXPENSIVE. 672 00:30:48,055 --> 00:30:53,143 {\an7}\h\hTHEN HE’S WEARING A SHIRT OF FINEST HOLLAND LAWN LINEN. 673 00:30:53,185 --> 00:30:56,397 {\an7}\h\h\hIT IS ALMOST LIKE SILK, IT’S VERY, VERY FINE INDEED, 674 00:30:56,438 --> 00:31:00,984 {\an7}AND IT’S GOT SOME EXTREMELY FINE LACE ON THERE AS WELL. 675 00:31:01,026 --> 00:31:03,487 {\an7}Borman: SO WHAT DO WE HAVE NEXT \h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE REPERTOIRE? 676 00:31:03,528 --> 00:31:05,405 {\an7}Day: WELL, NEXT IS A NEW FASHION 677 00:31:05,447 --> 00:31:07,991 {\an7}THAT CHARLES HAS DISCOVERED \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN FRANCE. 678 00:31:08,033 --> 00:31:09,660 {\an7}THIS IS THE WAISTCOAT. 679 00:31:09,701 --> 00:31:12,037 {\an7}\h\hHE HASN’T INVENTED IT, BUT HE WILL POPULARIZE IT. 680 00:31:12,079 --> 00:31:14,915 {\an7}SO WE’RE ACTUALLY GETTING THE START OF THE THREE-PIECE SUIT. 681 00:31:14,956 --> 00:31:18,418 {\an7}Borman: AH! IT ALL STARTS HERE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH CHARLES. 682 00:31:18,460 --> 00:31:20,921 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hRubenhold: CHARLES LOVED CLOTHING, 683 00:31:20,962 --> 00:31:23,006 {\an7}AND HE LOVED EXTRAVAGANCE. 684 00:31:23,048 --> 00:31:27,219 {\an7}AND ONE OF THE THINGS WHICH HE \h\h\hWAS SAID TO HAVE INVENTED 685 00:31:27,260 --> 00:31:31,431 {\an7}WAS THE ENGLISH WAISTCOAT, 686 00:31:31,473 --> 00:31:36,228 {\an7}WHICH SURPRISINGLY \h\hWAS VERY PLAIN. 687 00:31:36,269 --> 00:31:40,523 {\an7}BUT HE ORNAMENTED HIMSELF \h\h\h\h\hIN OTHER WAYS. 688 00:31:40,565 --> 00:31:43,818 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIT WAS VERY IMPORTANT THAT HE BE SEEN TO BE WEARING 689 00:31:43,860 --> 00:31:47,322 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHESE VERY SUMPTUOUS, LUXURIOUS THINGS AND FABRICS, 690 00:31:47,364 --> 00:31:51,910 {\an7}BECAUSE THE CLOTHES \hPORTRAYED POWER. 691 00:31:51,952 --> 00:31:54,580 {\an7}\hGreen: THIS WAS ALL PART OF THE THEATRE OF THE AGE. 692 00:31:54,621 --> 00:31:57,624 {\an7}\h\hYOU KNOW, HE SAW LONDON AS ONE SORT OF GIANT STAGE 693 00:31:57,666 --> 00:31:59,835 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hON WHICH HE MUST KIND OF APPEAR AND PERFORM. 694 00:31:59,876 --> 00:32:01,586 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND YOU KNOW, IF HE’D LOOK SCRUFFY, 695 00:32:01,628 --> 00:32:03,171 {\an7}OR IF HE HADN’T CUT \h\hA FINE FIGURE, 696 00:32:03,213 --> 00:32:06,216 {\an7}THEN THAT WOULD HAVE BLEMISHED \h\h\h\h\h\hHIS POWER SOMEWHAT. 697 00:32:06,258 --> 00:32:11,972 {\an7}\h\h\hSO HE WAS THE FIRST KIND OF DANDYISH KING IN MANY WAYS. 698 00:32:12,013 --> 00:32:14,432 {\an7}\hGriffin: WELL, NOW WE COME TO THE PIECE DE RESISTANCE. 699 00:32:14,474 --> 00:32:16,351 {\an7}THIS IS THE NEXT THING \h\h\hI’M GONNA PUT ON. 700 00:32:16,393 --> 00:32:19,396 {\an7}A NICE LONG COAT, \hAGAIN IN VELVET, 701 00:32:19,438 --> 00:32:26,195 {\an7}AND WE’RE STARTING TO DECORATE \h\h\h\h\hWITH EVEN MORE BOWS. 702 00:32:26,236 --> 00:32:30,407 {\an7}THERE’S SILK HERE, \hTHERE’S RIBBONS, 703 00:32:30,449 --> 00:32:31,909 {\an7}THERE’S GOLD FOIL, 704 00:32:31,950 --> 00:32:34,619 {\an7}THERE ARE LITTLE TINY METALLIC FOIL SEQUINS, 705 00:32:34,661 --> 00:32:38,165 {\an7}EVERYTHING SHOWING HIM OFF \h\hAS THE CENTER OF POWER. 706 00:32:38,206 --> 00:32:40,917 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBorman: AND IMAGINE HOW IT WOULD HAVE CAUGHT THE LIGHT, 707 00:32:40,959 --> 00:32:43,420 {\an7}YOU KNOW, HIS PALACE \h\hIS ALL CANDLELIT, 708 00:32:43,462 --> 00:32:46,632 {\an7}\h\hTHERE’S LOTS OF KIND OF GOLD THREAD, SILVER THERE. 709 00:32:46,673 --> 00:32:49,551 {\an7}IT MUST HAVE JUST SPARKLED. 710 00:32:49,593 --> 00:32:52,429 {\an7}McMahon: MEN, DURING CHARLES’S \h\h\h\h\h\h\hPERIOD AT COURT, 711 00:32:52,471 --> 00:32:55,224 {\an7}PROBABLY SPENT MORE TIME GETTING THEMSELVES READY THAN WOMEN. 712 00:32:55,265 --> 00:32:56,683 {\an7}AND THEY WORE MAKEUP, 713 00:32:56,725 --> 00:32:59,269 {\an7}AND THEY WORE EXTREMELY \h\hLUXURIANT CLOTHING. 714 00:32:59,311 --> 00:33:02,856 {\an7}\h\hSO CHARLES, FOR HIM, IT WAS UNACCEPTABLE TO APPEAR IN COURT 715 00:33:02,898 --> 00:33:05,234 {\an7}UNTIL HE’D BEEN MADE UP \hTO THE NINES, FRANKLY, 716 00:33:05,275 --> 00:33:07,861 {\an7}IN ALL HIS LACES, IN ALL HIS SILKS, 717 00:33:07,903 --> 00:33:10,239 {\an7}WITH HIS MASSIVE WIG ON. 718 00:33:10,280 --> 00:33:11,948 {\an7}\hAND THAT WAS THE WAY THE KING HAD TO APPEAR. 719 00:33:11,990 --> 00:33:13,575 {\an7}\hIT WOULD HAVE BEEN UNACCEPTABLE FOR HIM 720 00:33:13,617 --> 00:33:17,454 {\an7}TO JUST SIMPLY LOPE IN IN CHINOS AND A PAIR OF SNEAKERS. 721 00:33:20,165 --> 00:33:21,541 {\an7}\h\hBorman: SO, MARK, WHAT SORT OF WEAPONRY 722 00:33:21,583 --> 00:33:23,168 {\an7}WOULD THE KING HAVE HAD? 723 00:33:23,210 --> 00:33:25,295 {\an7}Griffin: WELL, HE’S A MAN OF ACTION, A MILITARY MAN, 724 00:33:25,337 --> 00:33:27,548 {\an7}BUT HE DOES WANT SOMETHING THAT’S A BIT MORE GENTEEL. 725 00:33:27,589 --> 00:33:29,299 {\an7}IT’S A GENTLEMAN’S SWORD. 726 00:33:29,341 --> 00:33:32,135 {\an7}THIS IS A SMALL SWORD, SO IT’S \hGOT A LOVELY WIRE-BOUND HILT 727 00:33:32,177 --> 00:33:33,887 {\an7}WITH LOVELY CHISELED WORK ON IT, 728 00:33:33,929 --> 00:33:36,098 {\an7}THE HEIGHT OF BAROQUE FASHION, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBASICALLY. 729 00:33:36,139 --> 00:33:37,974 {\an7}AND HE IS GOING TO NEED THIS, 730 00:33:38,016 --> 00:33:41,728 {\an7}BECAUSE OUT AND ABOUT, 731 00:33:41,770 --> 00:33:44,356 {\an7}HE MAY WELL BE SET UPON \h\h\h\h\hBY FOOTPADS. 732 00:33:44,397 --> 00:33:47,400 {\an7}\h\hSO HE STILL NEEDS TO BE ABLE TO FENCE, 733 00:33:47,442 --> 00:33:49,110 {\an7}WHICH WAS A VERY, VERY POPULAR \h\h\h\h\h\hSPORT AT THE TIME. 734 00:33:49,152 --> 00:33:51,446 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hI MEAN, CHARLES HAD POPULARIZED THE THEATRE, 735 00:33:51,488 --> 00:33:53,240 {\an7}YACHT RACING, HORSE RACING, 736 00:33:53,281 --> 00:33:56,159 {\an7}BUT STILL FENCING WAS A VERY, VERY POPULAR EXERCISE FOR MEN. 737 00:33:56,201 --> 00:33:58,495 {\an7}\h\h\hBorman: SO HE LOOKS PRETTY MUCH READY TO ME. 738 00:33:58,537 --> 00:34:00,080 {\an7}Griffin: YES, WE HAVE... 739 00:34:00,121 --> 00:34:03,708 {\an7}IF HE’S GOING OUT AND ABOUT, \h\h\h\hWE HAVE THIS MANTLE, 740 00:34:03,750 --> 00:34:05,502 {\an7}AGAIN MORE VELVET, 741 00:34:05,544 --> 00:34:09,173 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE COLLAR LACED WITH A VERY FINE BIT OF RIBBON, 742 00:34:09,214 --> 00:34:10,674 {\an7}AND SOME MORE LACE. 743 00:34:10,715 --> 00:34:12,383 {\an7}Borman: BEAUTIFUL. 744 00:34:12,425 --> 00:34:14,802 {\an7}IT DOES SEEM LIKE, ADMITTEDLY \hTHIS IS THE KING, OF COURSE, 745 00:34:14,844 --> 00:34:16,596 {\an7}\hSO HE’S GONNA BE SPLENDIDLY DRESSED. 746 00:34:16,638 --> 00:34:20,809 {\an7}BUT IS IT THE CASE THAT MEN ARE \hTHE KIND OF PEACOCKS AT COURT, 747 00:34:20,850 --> 00:34:22,518 {\an7}AND THEY OUTSHINE THE WOMEN 748 00:34:22,561 --> 00:34:25,230 {\an7}WITH ALL OF THESE KIND OF LAYERS AND DIFFERENT FABRICS? 749 00:34:25,272 --> 00:34:31,487 {\an7}\h\hGriffin: BOTH SIDES ARE VYING FOR LOOKING AS FINE AS POSSIBLE. 750 00:34:31,528 --> 00:34:34,156 {\an7}I MEAN, BUT LOOKING \h\h\hAT PORTRAITS 751 00:34:34,197 --> 00:34:35,407 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND LOOKING AT THE AMOUNT OF WORK 752 00:34:35,448 --> 00:34:36,741 {\an7}THAT GOES INTO MEN’S COSTUMES, 753 00:34:36,783 --> 00:34:38,326 {\an7}I THINK THEY’RE THE ONES 754 00:34:38,368 --> 00:34:44,124 {\an7}\hSPENDING THE VAST AMOUNT OF MONEY ON THEIR CLOTHING. 755 00:34:44,165 --> 00:34:47,085 {\an7}Borman: SO HERE HE IS \hIN ALL HIS FINERY. 756 00:34:47,127 --> 00:34:50,130 {\an7}\hHE’S GOT HIS BROCADE AND THE VELVET CLOAK, 757 00:34:50,171 --> 00:34:51,964 {\an7}THE SWORD ALL READY. 758 00:34:52,007 --> 00:34:54,051 {\an7}HE’S SET TO GO FORTH. 759 00:34:54,092 --> 00:35:07,814 {\an7}♪ 760 00:35:07,856 --> 00:35:10,901 {\an7}Borman: FOR OTHER GLIMPSES OF THE REAL KING CHARLES, 761 00:35:10,942 --> 00:35:14,070 {\an7}WE’RE INDEBTED TO ANOTHER FAMOUS NAME FROM THE ERA-- 762 00:35:14,112 --> 00:35:16,573 {\an7}THE DIARIST SAMUEL PEPYS. 763 00:35:16,615 --> 00:35:17,991 {\an7}IT’S SOMETIMES FORGOTTEN 764 00:35:18,033 --> 00:35:20,452 {\an7}THAT CHARLES’S REIGN \h\h\h\hWAS BLIGHTED 765 00:35:20,493 --> 00:35:23,830 {\an7}BY TWO OF BRITISH HISTORY’S \h\h\hGREATEST DISASTERS-- 766 00:35:23,872 --> 00:35:26,416 {\an7}THE GREAT PLAGUE OF 1665 767 00:35:26,458 --> 00:35:29,920 {\an7}AND THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN 1666. 768 00:35:29,961 --> 00:35:33,465 {\an7}PEPYS RECORDED BOTH IN HIS FAMOUS DIARY, 769 00:35:33,506 --> 00:35:36,217 {\an7}\hAND IT PROVIDES US WITH VIVID PICTURES 770 00:35:36,259 --> 00:35:38,303 {\an7}OF A PRETTY TERRIBLE TIME, 771 00:35:38,345 --> 00:35:43,892 {\an7}AND ESPECIALLY CHARLES’S DIRECT \h\h\hAND PERSONAL INVOLVEMENT. 772 00:35:43,933 --> 00:35:47,478 {\an7}Green: THE PLAGUE \hARRIVED IN 1665, 773 00:35:47,520 --> 00:35:51,107 {\an7}IT KILLED 100,000 PEOPLE \h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN LONDON. 774 00:35:51,149 --> 00:35:53,401 {\an7}BUT ANYONE WITH ANY MONEY, \h\h\h\h\h\h\hI.E. CHARLES, 775 00:35:53,443 --> 00:35:55,570 {\an7}\hJUST GOT THE HELL OUT AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE. 776 00:35:55,612 --> 00:35:57,447 {\an7}YOU KNOW, AT THE FIRST SIGNS \h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE PLAGUE, 777 00:35:57,489 --> 00:35:58,991 {\an7}HE LEFT WITH HIS ENTIRE COURT. 778 00:35:59,032 --> 00:36:01,493 {\an7}HE ACTUALLY ABANDONED \h\h\h\hTHE CAPITAL. 779 00:36:01,534 --> 00:36:03,077 {\an7}McMahon: PEOPLE IN LONDON \h\h\h\h\h\h\hKNEW THIS, 780 00:36:03,119 --> 00:36:05,705 {\an7}THEY KNEW THAT THE KING HAD GONE AND ALL THE ARISTOCRACY. 781 00:36:05,747 --> 00:36:08,458 {\an7}AND IN FACT THERE WERE RIOTS IN LONDON DURING THE PLAGUE. 782 00:36:08,500 --> 00:36:11,253 {\an7}AND PEOPLE WHO’D BEEN LOCKED UP IN THEIR HOUSES WITH THE PLAGUE, 783 00:36:11,294 --> 00:36:12,796 {\an7}AND THE RED CROSS PUT ON, 784 00:36:12,837 --> 00:36:15,298 {\an7}\h\hWERE ACTUALLY LET OUT, WHICH WAS AGAINST THE LAW. 785 00:36:15,340 --> 00:36:18,134 {\an7}BUT IT WAS PEOPLE WHO WERE FED UP WITH THE KNOWLEDGE 786 00:36:18,176 --> 00:36:20,512 {\an7}THAT WHILE THEY WERE DYING \h\h\h\h\hIN THE THOUSANDS 787 00:36:20,553 --> 00:36:22,138 {\an7}WITHIN THE CITY WALLS, 788 00:36:22,180 --> 00:36:24,849 {\an7}THE KING AND ALL HIS COURT WERE CARRYING ON AS USUAL 789 00:36:24,891 --> 00:36:29,771 {\an7}UP IN HAMPTON COURT \h\h\hOR IN OXFORD. 790 00:36:29,813 --> 00:36:32,899 {\an7}Borman: THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE WERE DYING EVERY SINGLE DAY 791 00:36:32,941 --> 00:36:34,401 {\an7}FROM THE PLAGUE. 792 00:36:34,442 --> 00:36:36,903 {\an7}AND THERE WAS ALMOST NOTHING \h\h\h\h\hTHAT COULD BE DONE, 793 00:36:36,945 --> 00:36:41,283 {\an7}\hAPART FROM ISOLATING THOSE UNLUCKY ENOUGH TO CATCH IT. 794 00:36:41,324 --> 00:36:47,872 {\an7}\hSOMEWHERE HAD TO BE FOUND TO BURY THE VAST NUMBERS OF DEAD. 795 00:36:47,914 --> 00:36:52,210 {\an7}THIS IS BUNHILL ROW CEMETERY \h\h\hIN THE CITY OF LONDON, 796 00:36:52,252 --> 00:36:55,005 {\an7}WHICH WAS DESIGNATED \hAS A BURIAL GROUND 797 00:36:55,046 --> 00:36:58,383 {\an7}FOR LONDON’S INCREASING NUMBER \h\h\h\h\h\hOF PLAGUE VICTIMS. 798 00:36:58,425 --> 00:37:01,428 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBUBONIC PLAGUE WAS A TERRIBLE DISEASE 799 00:37:01,469 --> 00:37:03,221 {\an7}THAT SLOWLY INFECTED THE BODY, 800 00:37:03,263 --> 00:37:07,726 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hCOVERING VICTIMS WITH VERY PAINFUL SORES AND LESIONS, 801 00:37:07,767 --> 00:37:09,936 {\an7}GRADUALLY DRAINING THEM OF LIFE, 802 00:37:09,978 --> 00:37:12,772 {\an7}UNTIL THEY LITERALLY \h\h\h\hROTTED AWAY. 803 00:37:12,814 --> 00:37:17,277 {\an7}\h\hTHE PLAGUE DEVASTATED THE POPULATION OF LONDON. 804 00:37:17,318 --> 00:37:19,904 {\an7}Green: ALL OVER THE CITY, AND PARTICULARLY ON ITS OUTSKIRTS, 805 00:37:19,946 --> 00:37:21,448 {\an7}AS BUNHILL ROW IS, 806 00:37:21,489 --> 00:37:23,700 {\an7}YOU’VE GOT THESE FRIGHTENING \h\h\h\hLANTERN-FRAMED PITS, 807 00:37:23,742 --> 00:37:24,952 {\an7}\hWHERE THE BODIES WOULD ACCUMULATE, 808 00:37:24,993 --> 00:37:26,369 {\an7}THE DEAD CART WOULD ARRIVE. 809 00:37:26,411 --> 00:37:28,079 {\an7}THEY’D SHOOT THE BONES \h\h\h\h\hINTO THE PIT. 810 00:37:28,121 --> 00:37:30,290 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hPEOPLE USED TO RUN THROUGH THE STREETS SCREAMING 811 00:37:30,331 --> 00:37:32,500 {\an7}\hAND ACTUALLY KISSING PEOPLE TO TRY AND SPREAD THE PLAGUE, 812 00:37:32,542 --> 00:37:35,628 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND THEN THEY’D DIVE INTO THE BONES BEFORE THEY WERE DEAD, 813 00:37:35,670 --> 00:37:39,966 {\an7}AND JUST WAIT FOR DEATH AMONGST \hTHOSE WHO WERE ALREADY DEAD. 814 00:37:40,008 --> 00:37:41,593 {\an7}McMahon: THERE WERE HUNDREDS \h\h\hOF BODIES PUT IN THERE, 815 00:37:41,634 --> 00:37:44,554 {\an7}\hAND OFTEN VERY CLOSE TO THE GROUND SURFACE. 816 00:37:44,596 --> 00:37:47,682 {\an7}AND THERE WAS NO TIME TO POUR \h\hQUICK LIME ON THE BODIES 817 00:37:47,724 --> 00:37:49,684 {\an7}OR TREAT THEM IN ANY WAY. 818 00:37:49,726 --> 00:37:50,977 {\an7}AND IT WAS SAID AT THE TIME 819 00:37:51,019 --> 00:37:54,022 {\an7}THAT A SWEET SICKLY SMELL \h\h\h\hHUNG OVER LONDON 820 00:37:54,063 --> 00:37:56,065 {\an7}BECAUSE THESE BODIES \h\hWERE EVERYWHERE, 821 00:37:56,107 --> 00:37:58,610 {\an7}NOT FAR FROM THE SURFACE, \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hROTTING. 822 00:38:02,197 --> 00:38:04,491 {\an7}Borman: IF THE PLAGUE \hWASN’T BAD ENOUGH, 823 00:38:04,532 --> 00:38:10,580 {\an7}LONDONERS HAD TO ENDURE A SECOND GREAT DISASTER IN 1666. 824 00:38:10,622 --> 00:38:14,042 {\an7}IN SEPTEMBER THAT YEAR, \h\h\hA FIRE BROKE OUT 825 00:38:14,083 --> 00:38:18,004 {\an7}AT A SMALL BAKERY \hIN PUDDING LANE. 826 00:38:18,046 --> 00:38:21,424 {\an7}AT FIRST, NOBODY SEEMED \h\h\h\hUNDULY ALARMED. 827 00:38:21,466 --> 00:38:23,885 {\an7}\hTHE MAYOR OF LONDON, SIR THOMAS BLOODWORTH, 828 00:38:23,927 --> 00:38:25,887 {\an7}FAMOUSLY OBSERVED THAT A WOMAN 829 00:38:25,929 --> 00:38:29,558 {\an7}\h\hWOULD BE ABLE TO DOUSE THE FLAMES NATURALLY, SO TO SPEAK. 830 00:38:29,599 --> 00:38:34,312 {\an7}\h\hBUT THE FLAMES TOOK HOLD, AND SOON THE WHOLE CITY WAS BURNING. 831 00:38:34,354 --> 00:38:35,981 {\an7}SAMUEL PEPYS WATCHED THE FIRE 832 00:38:36,022 --> 00:38:39,859 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM RIGHT HERE ATOP ALL HALLOWS BY THE TOWER CHURCH, 833 00:38:39,901 --> 00:38:42,153 {\an7}NEXT TO THE TOWER OF LONDON. 834 00:38:42,195 --> 00:38:46,241 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHE WROTE, "5th OF SEPTEMBER, 1666. 835 00:38:46,282 --> 00:38:49,202 {\an7}\h\hI UPPED THE TOP OF BARKING STEEPLE, 836 00:38:49,244 --> 00:38:53,540 {\an7}AND THERE SAW THE SADDEST SIGHT \hOF DESOLATION THAT I EVER SAW. 837 00:38:53,581 --> 00:38:57,543 {\an7}\hEVERYWHERE GREAT FIRES, OIL CELLARS AND BRIMSTONE 838 00:38:57,585 --> 00:38:59,462 {\an7}AND OTHER THINGS BURNING. 839 00:38:59,504 --> 00:39:04,884 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE FIRE BEING SPREAD AS FAR AS I COULD SEE IT." 840 00:39:04,926 --> 00:39:08,263 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hGreen: SAMUEL PEPYS WAS THE FOREMOST DIARIST OF THE AGE. 841 00:39:08,304 --> 00:39:11,307 {\an7}\hHE LEAVES INCREDIBLY VIVID ACCOUNTS OF THE GREAT FIRE. 842 00:39:11,349 --> 00:39:13,184 {\an7}AND HE USED TO CLIMB \h\h\hUP ALL HALLOWS 843 00:39:13,226 --> 00:39:14,978 {\an7}BY THE TOWER OF LONDON 844 00:39:15,019 --> 00:39:18,773 {\an7}\hAND WATCH JUST ENTIRE STREETS, BUILDINGS, PALACES, MONASTERIES 845 00:39:18,815 --> 00:39:22,360 {\an7}\h\h\hJUST BE DEVOURED IN ONE ENORMOUS FLAME. 846 00:39:22,402 --> 00:39:24,404 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WITHOUT HIS EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT, 847 00:39:24,445 --> 00:39:27,657 {\an7}\h\hI’M NOT SURE WE’D HAVE SUCH A SORT OF SOUND SENSE 848 00:39:27,699 --> 00:39:31,411 {\an7}OF THE SCALE AND TRAGEDY \h\hOF THAT CATASTROPHE. 849 00:39:31,452 --> 00:39:37,083 {\an7}♪ 850 00:39:37,125 --> 00:39:39,753 {\an7}Borman: AS THE FIRE GOT \hMORE OUT OF CONTROL, 851 00:39:39,794 --> 00:39:42,755 {\an7}KING CHARLES AND HIS BROTHER \h\h\h\hJAMES, DUKE OF YORK, 852 00:39:42,797 --> 00:39:47,010 {\an7}TRAVELED ON HORSEBACK TO JOIN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE FLAMES. 853 00:39:47,051 --> 00:39:49,053 {\an7}AT THE END OF A LONG DAY, 854 00:39:49,095 --> 00:39:53,224 {\an7}THE TWO ROYAL VOLUNTEER FIREMEN \h\h\h\hWERE MUDDY AND SWEATY, 855 00:39:53,266 --> 00:39:56,060 {\an7}THEIR FACES BLACKENED \h\h\h\h\hWITH SMOKE. 856 00:39:56,102 --> 00:39:58,479 {\an7}James: HERE! HERE! 857 00:39:58,521 --> 00:40:00,565 {\an7}[SHOUTING] 858 00:40:00,607 --> 00:40:02,943 {\an7}Rubenhold: CHARLES II REALLY SHOWED WHAT HE WAS MADE OF, 859 00:40:02,984 --> 00:40:06,446 {\an7}\h\hIN TERMS OF BEING THE PEOPLE’S MONARCH 860 00:40:06,487 --> 00:40:08,197 {\an7}DURING THE FIRE OF LONDON, 861 00:40:08,239 --> 00:40:12,744 {\an7}\hWHEN HE AND THE DUKE OF YORK WENT OUT TO THE FIRE DIRECTLY, 862 00:40:12,785 --> 00:40:15,413 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND LITERALLY ROLLED UP HIS SLEEVES 863 00:40:15,455 --> 00:40:18,917 {\an7}AND TRIED TO HELP PUT THE FIRE OUT. 864 00:40:18,958 --> 00:40:21,461 {\an7}McMahon: HE WENT DOWN THERE, \h\h\h\h\h\hREDEEMED HIMSELF, 865 00:40:21,502 --> 00:40:23,921 {\an7}STOOD THERE WITH LONDONERS, \h\hSHARED THEIR SUFFERING, 866 00:40:23,963 --> 00:40:28,301 {\an7}\hCAME AWAY COVERED IN MUD AND BLOOD AFTER SAVING BUILDINGS. 867 00:40:28,343 --> 00:40:30,053 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRideal: IF HE HADN’T GOT INVOLVED, 868 00:40:30,094 --> 00:40:32,972 {\an7}\h\hTHE REPERCUSSIONS WOULD HAVE BEEN HUGE. 869 00:40:33,014 --> 00:40:34,891 {\an7}HE WAS THE LEADER \hOF THE COUNTRY, 870 00:40:34,933 --> 00:40:36,560 {\an7}HE NEEDED TO BE INVOLVED 871 00:40:36,601 --> 00:40:39,020 {\an7}IN FIGHTING THE GREAT FIRE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF LONDON. 872 00:40:41,648 --> 00:40:44,693 {\an7}\h\h\hBorman: BRUCE HOAD IS A FORMER DEPUTY FIRE CHIEF 873 00:40:44,734 --> 00:40:48,279 {\an7}\h\hWHO HAS CO-WRITTEN A BOOK ON THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON. 874 00:40:50,448 --> 00:40:54,702 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSO IS THIS TYPICAL OF A 17th CENTURY LONDON STREET? 875 00:40:54,744 --> 00:40:57,247 {\an7}\h\hBruce Hoad: WELL, ABSOLUTELY TYPICAL, OTHER THAN FOR THE FACT 876 00:40:57,288 --> 00:40:59,040 {\an7}THAT THIS IS BUILT OF STONE, 877 00:40:59,082 --> 00:41:01,751 {\an7}AND WE’D HAVE BEEN LOOKING AT TIMBER BUILDINGS THEN. 878 00:41:01,793 --> 00:41:02,961 {\an7}Borman: BUT AS CLOSE AS THAT? 879 00:41:03,002 --> 00:41:04,754 {\an7}Hoad: ABSOLUTELY, YES. 880 00:41:04,796 --> 00:41:06,673 {\an7}ALMOST TOUCHING AT THE TOP, 881 00:41:06,714 --> 00:41:08,925 {\an7}AND FROM A FIREFIGHTER’S \h\h\h\h\hPOINT OF VIEW, 882 00:41:08,967 --> 00:41:10,802 {\an7}AN ABSOLUTE NIGHTMARE. 883 00:41:10,843 --> 00:41:13,095 {\an7}BECAUSE, AS WE ARE NOW, 884 00:41:13,137 --> 00:41:15,890 {\an7}YOU CAN ONLY SEE THE LENGTH \h\h\h\h\hOF THE ALLEYWAY. 885 00:41:15,932 --> 00:41:17,767 {\an7}YOU DON’T KNOW WHAT’S HAPPENING \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBEHIND YOU. 886 00:41:17,809 --> 00:41:20,061 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE FIRE COULD BE BREAKING OUT ANYWHERE. 887 00:41:20,103 --> 00:41:21,688 {\an7}Borman: YEAH. 888 00:41:21,729 --> 00:41:23,606 {\an7}\hHoad: IT WOULD’VE BEEN INCREDIBLY HOT AND SMOKY, 889 00:41:23,648 --> 00:41:25,525 {\an7}EXTREMELY UNCOMFORTABLE. 890 00:41:25,566 --> 00:41:28,027 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBorman: AND IN TERMS OF CASUALTIES, 891 00:41:28,069 --> 00:41:30,071 {\an7}WHAT SORT OF NUMBERS \h\h\hARE WE TALKING? 892 00:41:30,113 --> 00:41:33,700 {\an7}Hoad: WELL, SURPRISINGLY, THERE WERE ONLY SIX DEATHS 893 00:41:33,741 --> 00:41:36,535 {\an7}\h\h\h\hOFFICIALLY RECORDED AND ATTRIBUTED TO THE FIRE. 894 00:41:36,577 --> 00:41:39,413 {\an7}Borman: SO IN FACT WORD SPREAD \h\hEVEN QUICKER THAN THE FIRE? 895 00:41:39,455 --> 00:41:42,124 {\an7}Hoad: YES, IT DID, AND IT GAVE \h\h\h\hPEOPLE THE OPPORTUNITY 896 00:41:42,166 --> 00:41:44,335 {\an7}TO EVACUATE AND GET AWAY \h\h\h\h\hFROM THE FLAMES 897 00:41:44,377 --> 00:41:47,213 {\an7}BEFORE THEY WERE REACHED. 898 00:41:47,255 --> 00:41:48,923 {\an7}Rideal: THERE WERE A NUMBER \h\h\hOF WAYS TO FIGHT FIRE 899 00:41:48,965 --> 00:41:50,425 {\an7}IN THE 17th CENTURY. 900 00:41:50,466 --> 00:41:52,218 {\an7}SO THERE WERE FIRE ENGINES, 901 00:41:52,260 --> 00:41:54,846 {\an7}\hBUT THEY’RE NOT FIRE ENGINES THAT WE WOULD UNDERSTAND TODAY. 902 00:41:54,887 --> 00:41:58,599 {\an7}\h\hTHEY WERE BASICALLY CARTS WITH HUGE BUCKETS ON THE TOP, 903 00:41:58,641 --> 00:42:01,310 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT YOU COULD PUMP AND WATER WOULD SQUIRT OUT. 904 00:42:01,352 --> 00:42:05,147 {\an7}NEVER REALLY ENOUGH TO FULLY END A FIRE. 905 00:42:05,189 --> 00:42:08,776 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHoad: CHARLES, JAMES, PEPYS, PENN, 906 00:42:08,818 --> 00:42:11,112 {\an7}THEY WERE ALL PRESENTED \h\h\h\h\h\hWITH A FIRE 907 00:42:11,154 --> 00:42:15,241 {\an7}THAT WAS WAY BEYOND CONTROL \h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT THAT TIME. 908 00:42:15,283 --> 00:42:18,411 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND ACTUALLY THROUGH EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP 909 00:42:18,453 --> 00:42:20,830 {\an7}THEY DID MANAGE TO BRING THE FIRE UNDER CONTROL, 910 00:42:20,872 --> 00:42:23,917 {\an7}BUT ONLY WHEN DRASTIC ACTION \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS TAKEN, 911 00:42:23,958 --> 00:42:28,004 {\an7}\hAND THEY ACTUALLY THEN STARTED TO BLOW HOUSES UP WITH DYNAMITE. 912 00:42:28,046 --> 00:42:31,925 {\an7}AND THAT WOULDN’T HAVE HAPPENED \hWITHOUT SOME FIRM LEADERSHIP, 913 00:42:31,966 --> 00:42:35,219 {\an7}ON THE PART OF CHARLES AND HIS BROTHER JAMES. 914 00:42:35,261 --> 00:42:38,639 {\an7}♪ 915 00:42:38,681 --> 00:42:41,976 {\an7}Borman: KING CHARLES WAS NEVER \h\hONE TO PUT AFFAIRS OF STATE 916 00:42:42,018 --> 00:42:44,020 {\an7}BEFORE AFFAIRS OF THE HEART. 917 00:42:44,062 --> 00:42:46,273 {\an7}BUT HE WAS ACTUALLY VERY CAPABLE 918 00:42:46,314 --> 00:42:48,608 {\an7}WHEN HE SET HIS MIND \h\h\h\hTO BUSINESS. 919 00:42:48,649 --> 00:42:51,068 {\an7}\h\hSOMEHOW, THOUGH, MORE PRESSING MATTERS 920 00:42:51,110 --> 00:42:53,070 {\an7}JUST SEEMED TO GET IN THE WAY, 921 00:42:53,112 --> 00:42:55,698 {\an7}MAINLY IN THE SHAPE OF A WOMAN. 922 00:42:55,740 --> 00:42:58,368 {\an7}HE WAS A POPULAR, \hWELL-LOVED KING 923 00:42:58,409 --> 00:43:00,244 {\an7}WHO WAS GENUINELY MOURNED 924 00:43:00,286 --> 00:43:06,167 {\an7}\h\hWHEN, AGED 54, HE DIED A DIFFICULT DEATH IN 1685. 925 00:43:06,209 --> 00:43:08,044 {\an7}ALWAYS A SECRET CATHOLIC, 926 00:43:08,086 --> 00:43:11,381 {\an7}HE WAS RETURNED TO THE FAITH \h\h\h\h\h\hON HIS DEATHBED. 927 00:43:11,422 --> 00:43:13,257 {\an7}JOHN EVELYN SAID OF CHARLES 928 00:43:13,299 --> 00:43:16,636 {\an7}THAT "HE WAS A PRINCE OF MANY GREAT VIRTUES, 929 00:43:16,677 --> 00:43:18,637 {\an7}AND MANY GREAT IMPERFECTIONS, 930 00:43:18,679 --> 00:43:20,723 {\an7}BUT NOT BLOODY OR CRUEL." 931 00:43:20,765 --> 00:43:23,768 {\an7}WHICH IS PROBABLY A SUITABLE EPITAPH 932 00:43:23,810 --> 00:43:27,272 {\an7}\h\hAND ONE HE MIGHT WELL HAVE CHOSEN FOR HIMSELF.