1 00:00:34,952 --> 00:00:36,119 [narrator] For over a year, 2 00:00:36,495 --> 00:00:40,874 Julius Caesar has been chasing Pompey Magnus across the Mediterranean 3 00:00:41,625 --> 00:00:46,460 in a civil war that's threatened to destroy the Roman Republic. 4 00:00:49,700 --> 00:00:51,510 Now, on a field in Greece, 5 00:00:52,678 --> 00:00:57,570 Caesar, Mark Antony, and 22,000 soldiers 6 00:00:57,891 --> 00:01:01,311 face off against Pompey, Brutus, 7 00:01:02,437 --> 00:01:05,148 and their army of 45,000. 8 00:01:32,134 --> 00:01:33,927 Everything we've accomplished 9 00:01:34,970 --> 00:01:36,513 has led us to this moment. 10 00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:40,183 We've been outnumbered before, 11 00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:42,978 but it has never stopped us. 12 00:01:45,605 --> 00:01:47,240 We've fought for glory, 13 00:01:47,482 --> 00:01:48,400 but today... 14 00:01:49,526 --> 00:01:51,280 we fight for honor. 15 00:01:51,653 --> 00:01:52,487 Today, 16 00:01:54,239 --> 00:01:56,283 we show them who we are. 17 00:02:11,298 --> 00:02:15,969 Caesar and Pompey are Rome's two greatest generals. 18 00:02:17,262 --> 00:02:21,990 And it's really a question as to whether the old master, Pompey, 19 00:02:21,183 --> 00:02:26,104 is going to be upstaged by the young rising star, Caesar. 20 00:02:27,814 --> 00:02:29,816 [soldier] First ranks, charge! 21 00:02:35,655 --> 00:02:36,531 [Antony] Listen up! 22 00:02:37,157 --> 00:02:38,330 This is it! 23 00:02:42,204 --> 00:02:43,330 Charge! 24 00:03:07,562 --> 00:03:09,940 [narrator] Caesar's men hold their position. 25 00:03:12,275 --> 00:03:14,690 Maintain formation! 26 00:03:17,155 --> 00:03:19,616 [narrator] But Pompey has a secret weapon... 27 00:03:20,450 --> 00:03:23,120 a cavalry with 7,000 men. 28 00:03:24,621 --> 00:03:26,581 Pompey is hoping 29 00:03:26,665 --> 00:03:30,544 that his magnificent cavalry outdoes any cavalry that Caesar has. 30 00:03:30,627 --> 00:03:34,500 He's hoping that the cavalry can win the day on the battlefield. 31 00:03:36,550 --> 00:03:37,384 Cavalry. 32 00:03:37,634 --> 00:03:39,428 Second ranks, to arms! 33 00:03:39,845 --> 00:03:41,221 [horn blows] 34 00:04:00,907 --> 00:04:04,161 [narrator] But Caesar is one step ahead of Pompey. 35 00:04:06,370 --> 00:04:10,410 Caesar comes up with a really clever counter to Pompey's cavalry. 36 00:04:10,917 --> 00:04:14,588 He holds some of his infantry men in reserve, 37 00:04:14,880 --> 00:04:18,216 and he pivots them like a swinging door 38 00:04:19,301 --> 00:04:20,969 in the way of Pompey's cavalry, 39 00:04:21,520 --> 00:04:23,221 and they break the charge of Pompey's cavalry. 40 00:04:24,514 --> 00:04:25,974 [Caesar] Send the reinforcements! 41 00:04:48,705 --> 00:04:51,333 [Strauss] Pompey's cavalry do not recover from this, 42 00:04:51,875 --> 00:04:56,400 and that's pretty much the end of Pompey's offensive in this battle. 43 00:04:57,470 --> 00:04:59,341 And now, the initiative goes over to Caesar. 44 00:04:59,925 --> 00:05:01,301 Push forward! 45 00:05:07,980 --> 00:05:09,768 One of the big advantages that Caesar had 46 00:05:09,851 --> 00:05:13,939 was leading the same legions that had just helped him conquer Gaul. 47 00:05:15,565 --> 00:05:17,817 They were well-trained, they were well-disciplined. 48 00:05:18,777 --> 00:05:23,114 These guys were not just battle hardened, they had been together with each other. 49 00:05:33,833 --> 00:05:35,710 [narrator] After just an hour of fighting, 50 00:05:37,837 --> 00:05:39,214 Pompey retreats. 51 00:05:42,551 --> 00:05:44,940 Caesar claims victory, 52 00:05:46,120 --> 00:05:48,390 killing 15,000 of Pompey's men, 53 00:05:51,590 --> 00:05:54,620 and taking another 20,000 as prisoners. 54 00:05:56,523 --> 00:06:00,443 [Toner] After the battle, Caesar catches the rest of the senators 55 00:06:00,777 --> 00:06:02,487 and now he has what he wants. 56 00:06:02,737 --> 00:06:06,116 He has ultimate control of Roman politics. 57 00:06:19,838 --> 00:06:20,797 Where is he? 58 00:06:22,966 --> 00:06:23,967 Where is he? 59 00:06:27,596 --> 00:06:28,471 Where's Pompey? 60 00:06:29,931 --> 00:06:31,141 We've searched every tent. 61 00:06:32,267 --> 00:06:33,268 He must have fled. 62 00:06:37,897 --> 00:06:40,900 Caesar gave one very clear instruction to his men, 63 00:06:41,276 --> 00:06:44,362 and that was that should any of them see Brutus on the battlefield, 64 00:06:44,487 --> 00:06:45,864 they were not to kill him. 65 00:06:51,360 --> 00:06:54,122 Part of the reason why he was so concerned for Brutus 66 00:06:54,205 --> 00:06:57,208 might surely be that he was concerned for Servilia as well, 67 00:06:57,292 --> 00:06:58,835 looking out for her interests. 68 00:06:59,210 --> 00:07:02,500 But another part might be that he was genuinely concerned for Brutus 69 00:07:02,130 --> 00:07:04,924 that he wanted Brutus to side with him. 70 00:07:06,968 --> 00:07:09,679 [narrator] Caesar has won the Battle of Pharsalus, 71 00:07:10,680 --> 00:07:13,160 but he knows he won't have control of Rome 72 00:07:13,933 --> 00:07:15,810 until Pompey is killed. 73 00:08:44,441 --> 00:08:47,861 Julius Caesar's victory in Greece will not be complete 74 00:08:48,445 --> 00:08:51,990 until he captures his archrival, Pompey. 75 00:08:55,452 --> 00:08:57,871 [Brennan] As long as he remained alive, 76 00:08:58,705 --> 00:09:01,541 Pompey, even a hobbled Pompey without much of an army, 77 00:09:02,542 --> 00:09:03,585 was a threat. 78 00:09:07,922 --> 00:09:10,300 One of his men says he was headed towards Cyprus. 79 00:09:10,383 --> 00:09:11,968 Another claims he's gone to Africa. 80 00:09:12,844 --> 00:09:16,264 I suggest we split our forces. We can each take a legion-- 81 00:09:16,347 --> 00:09:17,515 You're not going. 82 00:09:18,580 --> 00:09:19,100 I need you in Rome. 83 00:09:20,351 --> 00:09:21,186 For what? 84 00:09:22,312 --> 00:09:24,147 I need someone there to maintain order. 85 00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:28,151 There are plenty of men more capable. I can better serve you here. 86 00:09:29,652 --> 00:09:31,154 You're the only one I can trust. 87 00:09:33,239 --> 00:09:34,574 Take whatever men you need. 88 00:09:36,117 --> 00:09:37,202 What about Pompey? 89 00:09:38,661 --> 00:09:41,873 Knowing him, he'll attempt to raise an army in the east. 90 00:09:43,416 --> 00:09:45,168 That's where he won his conquests. 91 00:09:45,919 --> 00:09:47,300 They'll remember him there. 92 00:09:47,796 --> 00:09:48,630 In Judea? 93 00:09:51,424 --> 00:09:52,383 Alexandria. 94 00:09:59,808 --> 00:10:05,980 [narrator] Alexandria is a port city a thousand miles east of Rome, in Egypt, 95 00:10:06,439 --> 00:10:09,192 one of the strongest empires in the world. 96 00:10:12,862 --> 00:10:16,241 Egyptian civilization was extremely old. 97 00:10:16,324 --> 00:10:19,536 It had been there for thousands of years, back to the pharaohs. 98 00:10:20,370 --> 00:10:22,705 The Romans were the new kids on the block. 99 00:10:26,543 --> 00:10:27,669 [narrator] For centuries, 100 00:10:27,752 --> 00:10:31,506 this ancient power has been one of Rome's closest allies. 101 00:10:34,425 --> 00:10:41,150 Egypt was one of the richest regions in the entire Mediterranean world. 102 00:10:41,933 --> 00:10:46,187 They had always been shipping money, grain, and gold to Rome. 103 00:11:01,744 --> 00:11:04,289 [narrator] Pompey has a long history with Egypt, 104 00:11:04,789 --> 00:11:07,375 and hopes to use it to defeat Caesar. 105 00:11:08,751 --> 00:11:12,714 A few years previously, Pompey had loaned 106 00:11:12,797 --> 00:11:17,218 significant amounts of money to the Egyptian Crown. 107 00:11:17,302 --> 00:11:21,347 This was why Pompey had fled to Egypt in the first place. 108 00:11:21,723 --> 00:11:25,226 He knew that the Egyptian throne still owed him that money, 109 00:11:25,310 --> 00:11:28,688 and he planned on using that debt as leverage 110 00:11:28,938 --> 00:11:32,734 to get the Egyptians to support him against Caesar. 111 00:11:36,279 --> 00:11:40,408 [narrator] This massive kingdom is ruled by a fourteen-year-old boy 112 00:11:41,618 --> 00:11:42,827 named Ptolemy. 113 00:11:45,371 --> 00:11:46,998 [Strauss] Ptolemy was a boy king 114 00:11:47,290 --> 00:11:50,293 who had been left the crown by his father in his will. 115 00:11:51,419 --> 00:11:54,470 It was quite usual in Egyptian society 116 00:11:54,339 --> 00:11:57,383 for a king to come to the throne at a very early age. 117 00:12:23,743 --> 00:12:26,370 It's an honor to finally meet you, Your Highness. 118 00:12:28,456 --> 00:12:29,707 My name is Pompey Magnus. 119 00:12:29,791 --> 00:12:31,125 I know who you are. 120 00:12:32,502 --> 00:12:33,795 What do you want? 121 00:12:36,923 --> 00:12:38,549 As I'm sure you are aware, 122 00:12:38,633 --> 00:12:42,110 Rome is at war with a small, but well-trained army of rebels. 123 00:12:42,762 --> 00:12:46,265 I've come here on behalf of the people of Rome to ask for your support. 124 00:12:51,980 --> 00:12:52,814 How can I help? 125 00:12:53,731 --> 00:12:54,649 As we speak, 126 00:12:55,191 --> 00:12:57,777 I am raising new legions across Africa. 127 00:12:59,195 --> 00:13:02,730 But to ensure a swift and decisive victory, 128 00:13:02,991 --> 00:13:06,327 I ask you that you pledge your armies to fight on the side of Rome. 129 00:13:06,411 --> 00:13:08,413 To defeat a small band of rebels? 130 00:13:08,496 --> 00:13:10,164 We could use all the allies we have. 131 00:13:11,207 --> 00:13:13,100 We've drawn the rebels out of Italy, 132 00:13:13,751 --> 00:13:18,600 and concentrated their forces in an area where it will be easier for us to attack. 133 00:13:19,900 --> 00:13:20,910 I'm impressed. 134 00:13:21,134 --> 00:13:23,386 But my regent tells me that you've just suffered 135 00:13:23,469 --> 00:13:25,847 a devastating loss to Caesar in Greece. 136 00:13:29,851 --> 00:13:31,144 A minor setback. 137 00:13:35,106 --> 00:13:37,317 The Great Pompey Magnus, 138 00:13:38,443 --> 00:13:40,111 Conqueror of the East, 139 00:13:40,653 --> 00:13:42,613 Defeater of Spartacus... 140 00:13:43,781 --> 00:13:46,117 bowing down and begging for help. 141 00:13:53,332 --> 00:13:55,460 I know you're dealing with your own war. 142 00:13:56,440 --> 00:13:58,337 But we cannot let Rome fall. 143 00:13:58,504 --> 00:14:03,718 Once I defeat Caesar with your help, I will return with my armies. 144 00:14:12,685 --> 00:14:15,521 [narrator] If Pompey gets the support of King Ptolemy, 145 00:14:16,481 --> 00:14:19,250 he'll gain the upper hand against Caesar 146 00:14:20,234 --> 00:14:22,820 and threaten to take down the Roman Republic. 147 00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:29,285 Egypt was an enormous source of anxiety, 148 00:14:29,786 --> 00:14:32,747 because Egypt played a very important role 149 00:14:32,830 --> 00:14:34,415 in Rome's own food supply. 150 00:14:34,624 --> 00:14:37,376 By choking off the port of Alexandria, 151 00:14:37,460 --> 00:14:39,462 you could pretty much bring Rome to its knees, 152 00:14:39,754 --> 00:14:41,339 so there was a lot of anxiety 153 00:14:41,422 --> 00:14:45,676 about having Pompey or any person of power ensconced in Egypt. 154 00:14:53,559 --> 00:14:56,200 [narrator] To add to the instability in Egypt, 155 00:14:56,813 --> 00:15:00,274 Ptolemy is already in the throes of his own civil war. 156 00:15:01,859 --> 00:15:03,653 When Ptolemy's father had died 157 00:15:03,736 --> 00:15:06,697 he had actually appointed Ptolemy as co-king 158 00:15:06,906 --> 00:15:10,535 with his sister and the two of them had actually married, 159 00:15:11,244 --> 00:15:14,831 something which was perfectly normal in Egyptian society. 160 00:15:15,832 --> 00:15:20,878 But the two of them had fallen out and Ptolemy had been left as sole regent. 161 00:15:21,379 --> 00:15:22,964 And she had gone into hiding. 162 00:15:28,886 --> 00:15:32,723 [narrator] Caesar realizes how unpredictable things are in Egypt. 163 00:15:33,558 --> 00:15:34,976 And for all he knows, 164 00:15:36,600 --> 00:15:38,396 he could be heading directly into a trap. 165 00:16:01,627 --> 00:16:03,254 Your Highness. 166 00:16:06,340 --> 00:16:08,134 If you're here to ask for my armies... 167 00:16:08,926 --> 00:16:09,886 you're too late. 168 00:16:36,329 --> 00:16:37,538 You look disappointed? 169 00:16:39,415 --> 00:16:40,416 Cover it up. 170 00:16:43,753 --> 00:16:44,712 Cover it up! 171 00:16:49,217 --> 00:16:50,510 [Strauss] Ptolemy kills Pompey 172 00:16:50,885 --> 00:16:54,388 and has his head presented to Caesar when he arrives in Egypt, 173 00:16:55,560 --> 00:16:58,893 hoping, I think, that it would somehow ingratiate himself with Caesar. 174 00:16:59,180 --> 00:17:00,937 But, in fact, Caesar is horrified. 175 00:17:01,395 --> 00:17:03,689 He's outraged that the great Roman general 176 00:17:03,981 --> 00:17:06,609 and indeed someone who had been a relative of his 177 00:17:06,692 --> 00:17:09,403 suffers such a undignified fate. 178 00:17:10,279 --> 00:17:11,155 Why? 179 00:17:11,572 --> 00:17:14,909 Since you're no longer at war, you can help me fight mine. 180 00:17:15,868 --> 00:17:17,578 Now, we're allies. 181 00:17:19,622 --> 00:17:21,820 I need to get back to Rome. 182 00:17:21,666 --> 00:17:22,625 You owe me. 183 00:17:26,462 --> 00:17:28,422 Once things get settled in Rome, 184 00:17:29,632 --> 00:17:30,967 I'll do all I can. 185 00:17:38,391 --> 00:17:40,476 It wasn't a request. 186 00:17:41,852 --> 00:17:44,210 Keep him here until he changes his mind. 187 00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:08,379 [narrator] After two years chasing Pompey across Italy and Greece, 188 00:18:08,921 --> 00:18:11,632 Julius Caesar is put under house arrest 189 00:18:12,466 --> 00:18:14,260 as he awaits his fate. 190 00:18:17,540 --> 00:18:20,224 Once Caesar found himself in Egypt, 191 00:18:20,308 --> 00:18:26,522 he became ensconced in a situation of extraordinary civil unrest. 192 00:18:27,230 --> 00:18:31,270 Caesar himself essentially became a prisoner in the city. 193 00:18:42,705 --> 00:18:44,810 I apologize about all this. 194 00:18:46,167 --> 00:18:47,585 Then let me go. 195 00:18:52,590 --> 00:18:55,343 I suggest you do as the Emperor requests. 196 00:18:56,135 --> 00:18:57,219 Lend him your armies, 197 00:18:57,595 --> 00:19:00,556 help him end this rebellion against his sister. 198 00:19:00,723 --> 00:19:02,141 Let me talk to both of them. 199 00:19:03,601 --> 00:19:05,936 I'm sure I can resolve this whole thing... 200 00:19:06,854 --> 00:19:08,356 without any bloodshed. 201 00:19:10,316 --> 00:19:12,693 King Ptolemy isn't interested in negotiating. 202 00:19:14,779 --> 00:19:17,281 Is that him talking, or you? 203 00:19:20,534 --> 00:19:24,380 You should make yourself comfortable. You could be here a while. 204 00:19:30,378 --> 00:19:35,549 Caesar arrives in Egypt and underestimates what the Egyptian reaction will be. 205 00:19:36,467 --> 00:19:39,303 He finds himself holed up in Alexandria, 206 00:19:39,470 --> 00:19:41,305 unable to do anything. 207 00:19:55,444 --> 00:19:58,739 [narrator] As Caesar weighs his decision to support King Ptolemy, 208 00:20:01,325 --> 00:20:05,790 his newly won republic is spiraling into chaos. 209 00:20:06,247 --> 00:20:09,250 Since Pompey and the senators evacuated Rome, 210 00:20:10,420 --> 00:20:12,753 the city has been without a functioning government. 211 00:20:13,337 --> 00:20:16,340 The biggest problem is the lack of food. 212 00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,431 The city of Rome by this point had a population well over a million people. 213 00:20:23,848 --> 00:20:26,580 It required regular grain shipments 214 00:20:26,142 --> 00:20:28,978 from Sicily, from Egypt, from other parts of the empire. 215 00:20:29,728 --> 00:20:31,981 The city simply could not sustain itself. 216 00:20:32,940 --> 00:20:35,943 And with no administrative apparatus, with nobody in charge, 217 00:20:36,260 --> 00:20:38,320 the city was literally eating itself alive. 218 00:20:40,364 --> 00:20:43,750 [narrator] While grain is still being delivered to the city, 219 00:20:43,909 --> 00:20:46,287 it's no longer making it to the people, 220 00:20:47,371 --> 00:20:49,582 creating a firestorm. 221 00:20:57,256 --> 00:21:01,343 The man charged with maintaining order is Mark Antony, 222 00:21:02,261 --> 00:21:03,512 a valiant soldier, 223 00:21:04,513 --> 00:21:07,160 but someone with no political ambitions. 224 00:21:08,642 --> 00:21:11,729 [Duncan] Mark Antony did not seem to have a care in the world. 225 00:21:11,812 --> 00:21:14,356 He liked drinking, he liked gambling, he liked women. 226 00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:18,110 And the Roman Republic was being run quite badly. 227 00:21:20,863 --> 00:21:21,697 Sir... 228 00:21:22,615 --> 00:21:23,991 Another riot's broken out. 229 00:21:24,992 --> 00:21:26,452 Shipments are coming. 230 00:21:27,244 --> 00:21:28,454 Tell them to be patient. 231 00:21:29,663 --> 00:21:31,400 We have to do something. 232 00:21:31,999 --> 00:21:32,917 Break it up. 233 00:21:33,834 --> 00:21:35,544 Use force if necessary. 234 00:21:36,545 --> 00:21:37,630 -Sir-- -Do it. 235 00:21:45,471 --> 00:21:49,975 Mark Antony turns out to be a bad choice to govern Rome in Caesar's absence. 236 00:21:50,809 --> 00:21:53,521 He's not able to deal with popular unrest. 237 00:21:53,979 --> 00:21:56,482 He's forced to resort to the blunt instrument 238 00:21:56,565 --> 00:21:58,609 of sending troops into the Forum. 239 00:22:03,781 --> 00:22:05,908 [narrator] Under Mark Antony's command, 240 00:22:06,325 --> 00:22:08,244 over a hundred civilians are killed, 241 00:22:08,953 --> 00:22:11,121 including women and children. 242 00:22:12,164 --> 00:22:17,200 Proving Rome needs a leader like Caesar now, more than ever. 243 00:22:45,489 --> 00:22:47,575 As Rome slides into turmoil, 244 00:22:48,492 --> 00:22:51,360 Caesar's refusal to support King Ptolemy 245 00:22:51,829 --> 00:22:53,247 is becoming unsafe. 246 00:23:29,450 --> 00:23:31,760 How long till the guards change? 247 00:23:33,996 --> 00:23:34,872 Who are you? 248 00:23:40,711 --> 00:23:41,795 Cleopatra. 249 00:23:46,500 --> 00:23:47,468 You refused to help my brother. 250 00:23:48,177 --> 00:23:49,110 Why? 251 00:23:50,429 --> 00:23:51,472 Why does it matter? 252 00:23:52,931 --> 00:23:53,932 I need to know. 253 00:23:56,852 --> 00:23:58,187 I didn't want to get involved. 254 00:24:03,108 --> 00:24:03,984 And now? 255 00:24:06,403 --> 00:24:07,446 I still don't. 256 00:24:10,366 --> 00:24:11,867 Even if I got you out of here? 257 00:24:16,163 --> 00:24:17,373 If I say no, 258 00:24:18,540 --> 00:24:20,292 I assume your guards will kill me? 259 00:24:20,876 --> 00:24:21,960 Probably. 260 00:24:23,462 --> 00:24:25,464 Then I don't have much of a choice then, do I? 261 00:24:30,886 --> 00:24:33,180 Cleopatra was an intellectual. 262 00:24:33,263 --> 00:24:35,432 She was ambitious and she was driven. 263 00:24:35,516 --> 00:24:38,102 She desired power above all things, 264 00:24:38,185 --> 00:24:42,731 and through aligning herself with Caesar, Cleopatra had everything to gain. 265 00:24:47,778 --> 00:24:49,238 [narrator] By freeing Caesar, 266 00:24:49,697 --> 00:24:52,282 Cleopatra hopes to strengthen her position 267 00:24:53,330 --> 00:24:55,953 in the war against her brother, King Ptolemy. 268 00:24:57,413 --> 00:24:59,289 [Strauss] Cleopatra has lost out 269 00:24:59,957 --> 00:25:02,668 in the power struggles in the royal family. 270 00:25:03,252 --> 00:25:07,470 But she finds a way to power, and that way is called Julius Caesar. 271 00:25:10,926 --> 00:25:12,928 [narrator] Caesar backs the young queen, 272 00:25:13,679 --> 00:25:16,390 believing it will help him and the Republic. 273 00:25:19,170 --> 00:25:22,146 [Strauss] There was something in this relationship for each party. 274 00:25:22,479 --> 00:25:29,153 Caesar became convinced that Cleopatra was a sure bet for stability in Egypt. 275 00:25:30,362 --> 00:25:34,742 Cleopatra, of course, saw Caesar and his legionaries 276 00:25:34,825 --> 00:25:37,745 as her only road to power in Egypt. 277 00:25:42,374 --> 00:25:45,669 [narrator] Caesar sends for reinforcements in Greece and Italy, 278 00:25:46,462 --> 00:25:49,470 and combined with Cleopatra's own troops 279 00:25:49,631 --> 00:25:52,176 devises a plan to defeat the king. 280 00:26:04,146 --> 00:26:06,230 In 47 B.C., 281 00:26:06,982 --> 00:26:10,319 Caesar and Cleopatra's army of 20,000 men 282 00:26:11,690 --> 00:26:12,821 lays siege against Ptolemy 283 00:26:13,572 --> 00:26:15,574 in the city of Alexandria. 284 00:26:45,620 --> 00:26:47,640 After several months of fighting, 285 00:26:48,190 --> 00:26:50,818 King Ptolemy's forces are defeated. 286 00:26:52,528 --> 00:26:53,737 While escaping the city, 287 00:26:54,780 --> 00:26:56,782 Ptolemy drowns in the Nile... 288 00:26:59,340 --> 00:27:02,120 and Cleopatra takes full control of the kingdom. 289 00:27:08,252 --> 00:27:10,546 Caesar can now return to Rome, 290 00:27:11,880 --> 00:27:15,801 but his alliance with Cleopatra has become more than political. 291 00:27:18,530 --> 00:27:23,725 Cleopatra impresses Caesar with both her political skills and her beauty. 292 00:27:24,101 --> 00:27:26,436 They quickly become allies and lovers. 293 00:27:27,312 --> 00:27:29,982 She was exactly the kind of woman who would appeal 294 00:27:30,232 --> 00:27:33,110 to a man as brilliant as Julius Caesar. 295 00:27:54,464 --> 00:27:57,259 [narrator] While Caesar enjoys his new role in Egypt, 296 00:27:57,759 --> 00:28:01,263 the troubles back home continue to escalate. 297 00:28:29,333 --> 00:28:31,126 Riots are breaking out in Rome. 298 00:28:32,753 --> 00:28:34,755 Antony's lost control of the situation. 299 00:28:36,381 --> 00:28:37,507 Then replace him. 300 00:28:39,134 --> 00:28:40,218 I have to get back. 301 00:28:41,428 --> 00:28:43,889 To tend to your duties as a glorified senator? 302 00:28:44,681 --> 00:28:45,807 I'll be consul. 303 00:28:46,350 --> 00:28:47,768 A chairman for the Senate? 304 00:28:51,563 --> 00:28:52,940 If that's what you want, then go. 305 00:28:54,816 --> 00:28:57,486 But if you're looking for real power, you won't find it in Rome. 306 00:29:01,823 --> 00:29:02,783 Stay with me 307 00:29:03,325 --> 00:29:05,953 and we'll will rule Egypt together as King and Queen. 308 00:29:08,372 --> 00:29:11,917 Why are you so determined to keep me out of Rome? 309 00:29:12,840 --> 00:29:13,669 -I'm not. -I think you are. 310 00:29:14,544 --> 00:29:16,546 And I think you have been this whole time. 311 00:29:16,713 --> 00:29:17,547 Why would I? 312 00:29:19,490 --> 00:29:20,467 To weaken Rome? 313 00:29:21,551 --> 00:29:23,470 Hold onto power? You tell me. 314 00:29:23,553 --> 00:29:25,639 What exactly are you accusing me of? 315 00:29:25,722 --> 00:29:27,224 I know when I'm being used. 316 00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:29,977 So now I'm using you? 317 00:29:30,143 --> 00:29:30,978 Aren't you? 318 00:29:39,861 --> 00:29:42,531 [Strauss] Caesar ultimately has to return to Rome 319 00:29:42,614 --> 00:29:45,617 because that's where the government is, that's where the power is. 320 00:29:45,993 --> 00:29:49,790 Caesar has to arrange Roman politics, 321 00:29:50,122 --> 00:29:53,917 but you can't settle Roman politics without going to Rome. 322 00:30:06,847 --> 00:30:10,559 [narrator] It's been 12 years since Caesar was forced out of Rome. 323 00:30:13,353 --> 00:30:15,147 Now, he's heading home 324 00:30:16,523 --> 00:30:19,776 to save the city that's fallen into chaos. 325 00:30:22,154 --> 00:30:25,730 Caesar needs to win back the people to his side 326 00:30:25,157 --> 00:30:28,368 who may have become disgruntled after being treated 327 00:30:28,452 --> 00:30:31,380 in such a heavy-handed way by Mark Antony. 328 00:31:19,586 --> 00:31:20,754 Get out. 329 00:31:33,767 --> 00:31:36,895 I trusted you to maintain order. 330 00:31:37,354 --> 00:31:38,271 And I did. 331 00:31:39,640 --> 00:31:41,566 If you did, the people wouldn't be protesting. 332 00:31:41,650 --> 00:31:45,403 They're protesting because your war left them without a Senate. 333 00:31:45,487 --> 00:31:47,405 How could you bring my army into Rome? 334 00:31:47,489 --> 00:31:48,615 People were rioting. 335 00:31:48,698 --> 00:31:51,409 -Because they were hungry. -You told me to maintain order. 336 00:31:51,493 --> 00:31:53,120 -What was I supposed to do? -Feed them! 337 00:31:53,203 --> 00:31:54,287 I broke up the riots. 338 00:31:54,371 --> 00:31:57,374 -You killed women and children. -I did what you told me to do. 339 00:31:57,457 --> 00:31:58,708 I would have helped them! 340 00:32:02,170 --> 00:32:03,880 Then maybe you should have been here. 341 00:32:04,756 --> 00:32:05,590 Not in Egypt. 342 00:32:06,591 --> 00:32:07,425 Here. 343 00:32:09,100 --> 00:32:10,137 I should have been here. 344 00:32:12,514 --> 00:32:14,474 But don't blame me for what you did. 345 00:32:22,774 --> 00:32:24,734 [narrator] To save Rome from collapsing, 346 00:32:25,944 --> 00:32:28,280 Caesar will have to rebuild the government. 347 00:32:38,390 --> 00:32:41,918 He calls a meeting with all the senators who sided with Pompey 348 00:32:43,300 --> 00:32:44,963 to determine their fate. 349 00:33:08,278 --> 00:33:10,697 You had the power to end this war. 350 00:33:13,825 --> 00:33:15,243 And you did nothing. 351 00:33:19,122 --> 00:33:20,874 And that makes you guilty. 352 00:33:23,668 --> 00:33:24,502 All of you. 353 00:33:28,465 --> 00:33:31,176 Roman blood is on your hands. 354 00:33:36,431 --> 00:33:37,807 You stood by... 355 00:33:39,601 --> 00:33:41,353 and let one of your own 356 00:33:42,854 --> 00:33:45,607 become consumed by greed and power. 357 00:33:47,901 --> 00:33:48,735 Why? 358 00:33:50,403 --> 00:33:51,238 Fear? 359 00:33:53,740 --> 00:33:55,367 Fear of retribution? 360 00:33:59,120 --> 00:34:02,415 This Republic cannot function without a Senate. 361 00:34:05,430 --> 00:34:10,298 And clearly, this Senate cannot function under fear of retribution. 362 00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:24,688 Let this serve as an example. 363 00:34:28,240 --> 00:34:30,944 There will be no vengeance. 364 00:34:34,948 --> 00:34:36,157 You may take your seats. 365 00:34:42,372 --> 00:34:46,501 Caesar decided, for his part, to have a program of clemency; 366 00:34:46,710 --> 00:34:48,336 he was going to forgive people 367 00:34:48,420 --> 00:34:50,588 and incorporate them within his own circle. 368 00:34:51,506 --> 00:34:53,633 In so doing, he could strengthen his hand, 369 00:34:53,842 --> 00:34:57,512 because he could bring to his side some of the noble Romans, 370 00:34:57,595 --> 00:35:00,515 so it would make his cause look all the better again. 371 00:35:03,601 --> 00:35:05,353 [narrator] But Caesar's forgiveness 372 00:35:05,770 --> 00:35:07,814 doesn't come without a price. 373 00:35:10,108 --> 00:35:11,943 For more than four centuries, 374 00:35:12,694 --> 00:35:15,488 the Senate has guided Rome through times of prosperity, 375 00:35:16,114 --> 00:35:17,532 and times of struggle. 376 00:35:18,325 --> 00:35:20,350 Now is a time to rebuild. 377 00:35:20,994 --> 00:35:23,121 We can earn back the trust of the people, 378 00:35:23,204 --> 00:35:25,707 but it will take time, and it will take effort. 379 00:35:26,875 --> 00:35:29,961 It is with Rome's interests in mind that I hereby... 380 00:35:31,379 --> 00:35:33,506 nominate Julius Caesar... 381 00:35:34,549 --> 00:35:36,801 to serve as dictator 382 00:35:37,802 --> 00:35:39,846 for the next ten years... 383 00:35:42,557 --> 00:35:45,226 to help guide us back to a path of honor, 384 00:35:46,227 --> 00:35:49,898 and lead Rome to the great future it deserves. 385 00:35:57,300 --> 00:35:59,240 I graciously accept this honor, 386 00:36:00,950 --> 00:36:03,953 and the enormous responsibility that comes with it... 387 00:36:06,247 --> 00:36:08,249 should the nomination be confirmed. 388 00:36:11,127 --> 00:36:12,337 All those in favor? 389 00:36:20,178 --> 00:36:24,641 Caesar resurrects an office that had really fallen into disuse, 390 00:36:24,724 --> 00:36:26,393 which is the dictatorship. 391 00:36:28,812 --> 00:36:31,856 This is one man, for a limited amount of time, 392 00:36:32,230 --> 00:36:34,401 holds absolute sole authority. 393 00:36:36,945 --> 00:36:39,322 [Brennan] The dictator was-- Started off life 394 00:36:39,406 --> 00:36:42,409 as an emergency office only to be held for six months. 395 00:36:44,202 --> 00:36:48,810 It was almost a primeval feature of the Roman republican constitution. 396 00:36:48,581 --> 00:36:51,126 Caesar held this office, not for a military emergency, 397 00:36:51,209 --> 00:36:53,860 but for reconstituting the Roman state. 398 00:36:55,130 --> 00:36:57,257 To put it back together in such a way 399 00:36:57,340 --> 00:37:01,344 that he would have an unassailable position at the very top, 400 00:37:01,428 --> 00:37:02,846 and this was extremely un-Roman. 401 00:37:05,724 --> 00:37:09,477 It was a real slap in the face not just to the Senate, 402 00:37:09,561 --> 00:37:12,630 but to the entire idea of the Republic. 403 00:37:17,110 --> 00:37:18,570 The vote is unanimous. 404 00:37:21,531 --> 00:37:24,701 [narrator] By appointing himself dictator for ten years, 405 00:37:25,410 --> 00:37:28,163 Caesar ignores the rules of the constitution, 406 00:37:29,205 --> 00:37:31,708 allowing him more time to fix the Republic. 407 00:37:39,700 --> 00:37:41,551 [Duncan] Caesar had a keen sense 408 00:37:41,634 --> 00:37:45,472 of what was working in the Republic, and what was not working. 409 00:37:46,139 --> 00:37:49,767 Economic inequality. The Senate was filled with corruption. 410 00:37:49,976 --> 00:37:52,437 The calendar had completely fallen out of whack, 411 00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:56,941 their ability to keep time had even fallen into a deplorable state. 412 00:37:58,276 --> 00:38:01,654 Caesar, he could see all of it, he could see what needed to be done. 413 00:38:01,738 --> 00:38:03,782 Him assuming dictatorial power 414 00:38:03,948 --> 00:38:06,576 allowed him to make reforms 415 00:38:06,659 --> 00:38:09,913 that had not been able to be carried forth. 416 00:38:12,749 --> 00:38:16,419 [narrator] Caesar's first order of business is to feed a population 417 00:38:16,544 --> 00:38:18,421 that's on the brink of starvation. 418 00:38:19,589 --> 00:38:24,385 So he creates a new distribution system that delivers grain to the people. 419 00:38:25,762 --> 00:38:27,972 And he puts on a series of games, 420 00:38:28,515 --> 00:38:31,100 where gladiators fight to the death. 421 00:38:32,477 --> 00:38:35,146 [Irvin] The gladiatorial games that Caesar celebrated 422 00:38:35,230 --> 00:38:39,901 was on a massive scale that the Romans had only seen a couple of times previously. 423 00:38:39,984 --> 00:38:42,278 But it was really Julius Caesar himself 424 00:38:42,570 --> 00:38:46,115 who had perfected the use of gladiator contests 425 00:38:46,199 --> 00:38:49,285 as a way of mobilizing popular opinion. 426 00:38:51,287 --> 00:38:54,400 [narrator] These reforms bring stability back to Rome 427 00:38:54,958 --> 00:38:57,627 and earn Caesar the love of the people, 428 00:38:58,545 --> 00:39:01,381 something he's desired his entire career. 429 00:39:04,968 --> 00:39:07,720 Cesar wanted the support of the Roman people. 430 00:39:07,887 --> 00:39:10,932 He wanted to be seen as a legitimate ruler. 431 00:39:11,307 --> 00:39:15,228 He didn't want to be seen as a simple military tyrant. 432 00:39:19,148 --> 00:39:21,818 [narrator] While Caesar puts himself above the Senate, 433 00:39:23,403 --> 00:39:26,720 he still needs them to execute his orders. 434 00:39:29,330 --> 00:39:34,956 So he invites many of the younger nobles, like Brutus, to help draft his policies. 435 00:39:36,374 --> 00:39:39,919 [Strauss] Caesar is particularly eager to bring Brutus to his side. 436 00:39:40,295 --> 00:39:43,840 For one thing, of course, Brutus is the son of Caesar's 437 00:39:44,700 --> 00:39:46,593 longtime mistress, Servilia. 438 00:39:47,343 --> 00:39:52,980 But the other thing is that Brutus in some sense is Mr. Rome. 439 00:39:52,557 --> 00:39:55,643 Brutus, as the man who has the ancestry 440 00:39:55,727 --> 00:39:59,630 and a man who is universally respected by the Roman people, 441 00:39:59,147 --> 00:40:02,984 having Brutus on your side is a very valuable card to play, 442 00:40:03,192 --> 00:40:04,986 and Caesar wants to play it to the full. 443 00:40:06,905 --> 00:40:09,991 The Republic's changing. We need to change with it. 444 00:40:11,200 --> 00:40:12,827 That's something Pompey never accepted. 445 00:40:15,163 --> 00:40:18,333 And yet you sided with him and not me. 446 00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:20,251 Why? 447 00:40:23,671 --> 00:40:25,600 He had a larger army. 448 00:40:25,923 --> 00:40:27,300 More experience. 449 00:40:27,675 --> 00:40:28,885 The support of the Senate. 450 00:40:30,595 --> 00:40:32,130 And I didn't think you could win. 451 00:40:38,394 --> 00:40:41,481 Honesty is very hard to come by. 452 00:40:43,316 --> 00:40:44,484 Especially in the Senate. 453 00:40:48,571 --> 00:40:51,824 There are very few who understand what needs to be done, 454 00:40:51,908 --> 00:40:54,160 and even fewer who I trust. 455 00:40:58,706 --> 00:41:00,124 I want you... 456 00:41:01,167 --> 00:41:04,295 to oversee affairs here and in Gaul, 457 00:41:05,880 --> 00:41:09,592 make sure the local magistrates are implementing the new laws. 458 00:41:11,520 --> 00:41:13,179 And of course you'll need some authority, 459 00:41:14,555 --> 00:41:16,724 so I'll be appointing you governor. 460 00:41:18,643 --> 00:41:19,560 That's quite an honor. 461 00:41:20,645 --> 00:41:21,688 Then it's settled. 462 00:41:22,146 --> 00:41:24,899 It's just I don't think I'm eligible. I haven't held high enough office. 463 00:41:24,983 --> 00:41:26,985 I'll make sure the Senate approves your appointment. 464 00:41:34,992 --> 00:41:38,663 Caesar had given Brutus some preferential treatment. 465 00:41:38,746 --> 00:41:41,374 No doubt regard for Servilia, his mistress-- 466 00:41:41,958 --> 00:41:44,850 Even though their affair seems to have ended, 467 00:41:44,377 --> 00:41:47,500 they still had a strong friendship which lasted a long time. 468 00:42:02,610 --> 00:42:03,187 You look well. 469 00:42:13,448 --> 00:42:15,366 Aren't you going to offer me any wine? 470 00:42:15,950 --> 00:42:17,118 Yes, of course. 471 00:42:25,126 --> 00:42:26,502 How was Egypt? 472 00:42:28,463 --> 00:42:29,380 Memorable? 473 00:42:31,466 --> 00:42:33,551 I'm sure the pyramids were breathtaking. 474 00:42:48,941 --> 00:42:50,260 It's good to see you. 475 00:42:52,700 --> 00:42:53,863 I just wanted to say thank you. 476 00:42:55,490 --> 00:42:56,324 For what? 477 00:42:57,366 --> 00:42:59,368 Sparing Brutus's life. 478 00:43:09,378 --> 00:43:10,755 Get help, now!