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[narrator]
Nearly six years after invading Gaul,

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00:00:30,739 --> 00:00:34,340
Julius Caesar has just one territory
left to conquer

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00:00:34,117 --> 00:00:37,370
before he can return to Rome
and claim his glory...

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00:00:37,996 --> 00:00:38,914
Alesia.

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00:00:41,667 --> 00:00:43,252
He builds a wall,

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00:00:43,710 --> 00:00:46,421
trapping 60,000 Gauls inside

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00:00:46,880 --> 00:00:50,500
led by their general Vercingetorix.

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00:00:52,261 --> 00:00:55,970
Less than a mile away,
behind a second wall,

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00:00:55,764 --> 00:01:00,269
are 120,000 soldiers from different tribes
across Gaul.

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00:01:04,940 --> 00:01:09,361
If Caesar and his army of 60,000 men
can't defend the walls...

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00:01:10,112 --> 00:01:11,947
Caesar will lose everything.

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00:01:19,538 --> 00:01:20,998
[Antony] Get to positions!

13
00:01:37,764 --> 00:01:39,766
[yelling]

14
00:01:47,816 --> 00:01:49,260
[horn blows]

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00:01:55,657 --> 00:01:57,659
Archers, nock!

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00:02:00,829 --> 00:02:01,788
Draw!

17
00:02:03,332 --> 00:02:04,166
Release!

18
00:02:10,172 --> 00:02:11,890
Draw!

19
00:02:13,500 --> 00:02:13,884
Release!

20
00:02:33,445 --> 00:02:35,906
[narrator] As Caesar's men
defend the outer wall,

21
00:02:40,350 --> 00:02:40,952
on the inside...

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00:02:41,661 --> 00:02:43,372
Ladders, now!

23
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[narrator]
...Vercingetorix makes his move.

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00:02:50,962 --> 00:02:51,797
Shields!

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00:03:10,399 --> 00:03:12,609
Breach! Outer wall!

26
00:03:14,903 --> 00:03:19,282
[narrator] The Romans secure the interior,
but the outer wall is breached.

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00:03:20,742 --> 00:03:21,910
Go!

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00:03:25,622 --> 00:03:31,712
The Gauls manage to discover
a weak point in the walls.

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00:03:39,520 --> 00:03:41,263
The Gauls identified this as a spot

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00:03:41,388 --> 00:03:44,150
that they could converge
all of their forces on

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and break the Roman siege lines.

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We need help!

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00:03:54,609 --> 00:03:56,361
Hold the wall!

34
00:04:00,157 --> 00:04:02,284
Get the reinforcements! Now!

35
00:04:03,326 --> 00:04:05,495
[horn blows]

36
00:04:11,293 --> 00:04:14,838
[narrator] But Caesar responds
with a stroke of military genius.

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00:04:16,965 --> 00:04:19,968
The Romans converged on that one spot
to protect it,

38
00:04:20,969 --> 00:04:23,972
and then Caesar led out
a cavalry detachment

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to come around the back
of the relief army.

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00:04:38,153 --> 00:04:41,781
The Gauls then believed that they had been
surrounded by the Romans,

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and caught in that pincer,
they disintegrated.

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The Gauls are retreating.

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[narrator] Against overwhelming odds,

44
00:04:56,588 --> 00:04:59,966
Julius Caesar and his men outlast
two armies

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in one of the greatest
military achievements in Roman history.

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After four days of fighting,

47
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and a hundred thousand dead,

48
00:06:48,740 --> 00:06:49,909
Caesar has done the impossible...

49
00:06:50,869 --> 00:06:52,621
defeating the Gauls at Alesia.

50
00:07:35,246 --> 00:07:37,749
[Duncan]
There was no hope for Vercingetorix.

51
00:07:41,503 --> 00:07:43,755
He knew that he couldn't carry on the war

52
00:07:45,590 --> 00:07:47,592
and he knew that he couldn't stay
inside the city

53
00:07:47,676 --> 00:07:49,177
because they would all starve to death.

54
00:08:10,730 --> 00:08:10,907
Please...

55
00:08:12,367 --> 00:08:14,577
spare the lives of my men.

56
00:08:16,663 --> 00:08:17,956
It's all I ask.

57
00:08:38,643 --> 00:08:39,936
Put him in chains.

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00:08:56,661 --> 00:09:01,820
[narrator] With Vercingetorix's surrender,
Caesar has won more than a battle...

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00:09:02,167 --> 00:09:04,419
he's conquered all of Gaul.

60
00:09:06,870 --> 00:09:11,509
The advantage that Vercingetorix's revolt
had for Caesar was that

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00:09:11,593 --> 00:09:17,682
it unified all of the forces in Gaul
under a single head and a single leader,

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00:09:17,766 --> 00:09:22,645
and it allowed Caesar to cut that head off
in one fell swoop.

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[narrator] Caesar's victory transforms
the Roman Republic,

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expanding its territory
by 200,000 square miles.

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00:09:35,658 --> 00:09:39,454
Making it the largest single
military conquest in Roman history.

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00:09:42,874 --> 00:09:46,795
Julius Caesar stretches the Roman Empire
out all the way to the Atlantic Ocean.

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00:09:47,545 --> 00:09:49,714
Making essentially
that part of Europe Roman,

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00:09:50,480 --> 00:09:53,134
which would shape all of Europe
even today.

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00:09:55,762 --> 00:09:58,723
[narrator] Roman soldiers begin settling
this new territory,

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00:10:00,225 --> 00:10:04,437
which will eventually become cities,
like Paris and Geneva.

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00:10:06,147 --> 00:10:07,232
But for Caesar,

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the only thing on his mind
is returning to Rome.

73
00:10:26,840 --> 00:10:29,671
As Caesar returns home
to reclaim the power he once had,

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00:10:35,969 --> 00:10:38,596
he sends messengers ahead
with news of the battle,

75
00:10:41,349 --> 00:10:45,436
as well as gold and treasure
to be spent on the Roman people.

76
00:10:53,361 --> 00:10:58,740
There are huge festivals held in the city
to celebrate Caesar's success.

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00:11:02,745 --> 00:11:06,541
There are public banquets,
gladiatorial combats,

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00:11:07,542 --> 00:11:10,336
and there are distributions of free food,

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so that the people are well aware
that Caesar's success is good for them.

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[narrator] The festivities last
for 20 straight days,

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captivating the Roman people.

82
00:11:27,437 --> 00:11:32,358
[Duncan] The conquest of Gaul makes Caesar
the most popular person in Rome.

83
00:11:33,484 --> 00:11:36,237
These victories are massive.

84
00:11:36,321 --> 00:11:41,117
These victories make him famous,
these victories make him rich.

85
00:11:41,492 --> 00:11:45,380
He is by far the strongest man in Rome.

86
00:11:47,165 --> 00:11:50,840
[narrator] But not everyone is happy
with Caesar's success.

87
00:11:59,761 --> 00:12:02,722
Eight years after forcing Caesar
out of Rome,

88
00:12:04,570 --> 00:12:06,851
Pompey realizes he's made a big mistake.

89
00:12:10,521 --> 00:12:14,442
Pompey sees Caesar's new popularity
as a direct threat.

90
00:12:15,693 --> 00:12:20,365
Caesar is now perhaps more powerful
than the rest of the Senate put together.

91
00:12:22,330 --> 00:12:26,537
It was clear that the relationship
was coming under increasing strain.

92
00:12:32,210 --> 00:12:34,879
[narrator] If Pompey hopes to retain
any form of power

93
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he must get rid of Caesar...

94
00:12:38,508 --> 00:12:39,550
for good.

95
00:12:53,564 --> 00:12:54,774
[Pompey] Julius Caesar...

96
00:12:56,109 --> 00:12:58,778
he sent Rome to war
without our permission,

97
00:12:58,861 --> 00:13:02,198
illegally raised legions
without our approval.

98
00:13:05,243 --> 00:13:06,995
Butchered entire towns.

99
00:13:07,203 --> 00:13:10,707
Starved women and children.
Slaughtered hundreds of thousands.

100
00:13:10,915 --> 00:13:14,544
All so he could line his pockets
with the spoils of war.

101
00:13:16,546 --> 00:13:20,508
Caesar is a threat to our Republic.

102
00:13:24,470 --> 00:13:28,641
He's shown no regard for the Senate.
No regard for anyone but himself.

103
00:13:31,185 --> 00:13:36,566
We are all proud of the remarkable
achievements of our soldiers,

104
00:13:38,568 --> 00:13:41,779
but he must be held accountable
for his actions.

105
00:13:44,407 --> 00:13:48,244
He must be stripped of his command
immediately and ordered to return to Rome,

106
00:13:52,165 --> 00:13:54,459
where he will stand trial.

107
00:14:01,841 --> 00:14:04,302
[Ruggeri] Caesar had a lot of enemies
back home in Rome

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who saw how popular he was,

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00:14:06,846 --> 00:14:10,349
not only with the people but with the army
and what a brilliant commander he was.

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00:14:10,641 --> 00:14:14,979
And they were very concerned
that he was getting far too much power.

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00:14:18,691 --> 00:14:19,984
[magistrate] All those in favor?

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00:14:27,575 --> 00:14:29,285
[narrator] In a unanimous vote,

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00:14:29,368 --> 00:14:32,288
the Senate agrees to bring charges
against Caesar.

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00:14:43,341 --> 00:14:47,110
One of the men who sides with Pompey
is an ambitious senator...

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00:14:47,929 --> 00:14:49,347
named Marcus Brutus.

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00:14:52,475 --> 00:14:54,393
Brutus was Servilia's son,

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00:14:55,645 --> 00:14:57,939
and she, of course, was Caesar's mistress.

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00:15:02,693 --> 00:15:03,903
What's your name?

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00:15:05,363 --> 00:15:06,197
Brutus.

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00:15:10,243 --> 00:15:12,495
[narrator] Brutus grows up admiring Caesar

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00:15:13,746 --> 00:15:15,873
and considers him a father figure.

122
00:15:35,184 --> 00:15:36,269
Did you stand?

123
00:15:38,438 --> 00:15:39,689
It was unanimous.

124
00:15:41,482 --> 00:15:43,317
They've already selected his replacement.

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00:15:46,821 --> 00:15:48,239
I know you have feelings for him.

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00:15:50,825 --> 00:15:51,909
But I thought it best.

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00:15:54,453 --> 00:15:56,622
Then you did what you needed to do.

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00:16:00,501 --> 00:16:03,379
[narrator] While Brutus has a
personal loyalty to Caesar,

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00:16:03,921 --> 00:16:07,800
his mother raised him to always choose
the winning side.

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00:16:13,306 --> 00:16:15,600
[Tempest]
Brutus was very noble, he was ambitious,

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like any other man of his generation.

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00:16:19,687 --> 00:16:23,608
And like many Romans, Brutus's ambitions
would have been to get to the top.

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00:16:40,541 --> 00:16:42,430
[Mark Antony] Are you going to tell me?

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00:16:43,440 --> 00:16:44,712
I'm being stripped of my command.

135
00:16:45,838 --> 00:16:46,672
What?

136
00:16:48,216 --> 00:16:49,926
They're ordering me back to Rome

137
00:16:50,968 --> 00:16:52,136
to face charges.

138
00:16:52,970 --> 00:16:53,804
For what?

139
00:16:54,222 --> 00:16:56,349
Illegally levying troops.

140
00:16:57,934 --> 00:16:59,518
This is bullshit. Tell them no.

141
00:16:59,602 --> 00:17:00,937
And be forced into exile?

142
00:17:03,898 --> 00:17:06,567
You won't get a fair trial.
Pompey will make sure of that.

143
00:17:18,790 --> 00:17:19,163
Julia...

144
00:17:19,914 --> 00:17:21,207
has passed...

145
00:17:22,667 --> 00:17:24,850
during child birth.

146
00:17:30,508 --> 00:17:31,342
I'm sorry.

147
00:17:35,960 --> 00:17:36,130
I'll be outside

148
00:17:36,973 --> 00:17:37,974
if you need anything.

149
00:17:43,688 --> 00:17:48,317
[narrator] Caesar is blindsided
by the death of Julia, his only child.

150
00:17:50,152 --> 00:17:54,323
[Gillespie] When Julia died in childbirth,
Caesar was destroyed.

151
00:17:56,575 --> 00:17:58,119
She was his only daughter,

152
00:17:58,786 --> 00:18:03,749
and the heir not only to his fortune,
but also to his family's prestige.

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00:18:07,461 --> 00:18:09,880
[narrator] For the first time in his life,

154
00:18:09,463 --> 00:18:10,965
Caesar is alone in the world,

155
00:18:13,301 --> 00:18:16,512
and must decide if he'll accept
the senate's terms

156
00:18:16,595 --> 00:18:19,849
or ignore them
and march his troops into Rome.

157
00:18:36,532 --> 00:18:37,408
One!

158
00:18:38,159 --> 00:18:40,360
Two! Back!

159
00:18:40,745 --> 00:18:45,499
[Strauss] Caesar expected to come back
from his victories in Gaul to be acclaimed

160
00:18:45,583 --> 00:18:49,860
and then to be re-elected as consul
for a second time.

161
00:18:49,170 --> 00:18:51,339
Back! One!

162
00:18:51,422 --> 00:18:55,593
[Strauss] But his enemies in the Senate
were dead set against that happening,

163
00:18:55,676 --> 00:18:57,803
and Pompey was on their side.

164
00:18:59,960 --> 00:19:03,142
[soldier] One! Two! Back! Three!

165
00:19:05,770 --> 00:19:09,357
[narrator] Caesar and his troops
make it to the border of Gaul and Italy

166
00:19:09,982 --> 00:19:12,651
to a narrow river called the Rubicon.

167
00:19:21,619 --> 00:19:24,800
If Caesar crosses this boundary
with an army,

168
00:19:24,914 --> 00:19:26,165
in the eyes of the law,

169
00:19:27,410 --> 00:19:28,626
he'd be invading Rome.

170
00:19:33,172 --> 00:19:36,133
Caesar really had a choice to make.

171
00:19:37,343 --> 00:19:41,970
Do I give up, come back,
get prosecuted by my enemies,

172
00:19:41,305 --> 00:19:43,990
and be banished for life?

173
00:19:44,141 --> 00:19:44,975
Or...

174
00:19:45,267 --> 00:19:46,727
do I cross this boundary?

175
00:19:47,853 --> 00:19:50,773
Do I come into Italy

176
00:19:51,315 --> 00:19:54,860
and point this Roman army at Rome itself?

177
00:20:14,964 --> 00:20:17,133
[narrator] In January of 49 B.C.,

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00:20:18,134 --> 00:20:22,960
Caesar and his men,
the strongest legion in all of Rome,

179
00:20:22,972 --> 00:20:24,598
cross the Rubicon river.

180
00:20:27,977 --> 00:20:31,730
[Irvin] Crossing the Rubicon
officially began a civil war.

181
00:20:31,981 --> 00:20:34,942
Caesar was now
a rebellious military general

182
00:20:35,151 --> 00:20:38,571
leading Roman troops
against the city of Rome itself.

183
00:20:41,240 --> 00:20:42,825
Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon

184
00:20:42,908 --> 00:20:45,536
was really one of the pivotal events
in history.

185
00:20:46,162 --> 00:20:48,914
Caesar wasn't going to allow himself
to be pushed around

186
00:20:48,998 --> 00:20:52,293
and to be deprived of what he felt
was his due.

187
00:20:55,870 --> 00:20:58,700
[narrator] Crossing the Rubicon
is not only an act of war,

188
00:20:59,490 --> 00:21:01,802
it's the defining moment
in Caesar's career.

189
00:21:03,530 --> 00:21:04,764
And the core of his legacy.

190
00:21:06,432 --> 00:21:09,852
[Brennan] I think the fact that we still
have the phrase "crossing the Rubicon"

191
00:21:10,394 --> 00:21:14,690
has to do with the fact
that there was no u-turn.

192
00:21:14,774 --> 00:21:17,526
You could not cross the Rubicon,
then decide against it.

193
00:21:17,610 --> 00:21:21,710
He had committed himself and his troops
to marching on Rome

194
00:21:21,363 --> 00:21:23,157
and that's why it's remained
with us today.

195
00:21:28,245 --> 00:21:30,164
[narrator] Knowing he can't turn back,

196
00:21:30,414 --> 00:21:33,793
Caesar and 5,000 troops begin marching
toward Rome...

197
00:21:36,587 --> 00:21:38,500
to overtake the capital.

198
00:21:48,432 --> 00:21:51,143
You pressed us to issue an ultimatum.

199
00:21:51,769 --> 00:21:53,562
We should never had brought charges.

200
00:21:53,646 --> 00:21:56,732
He could sack Rome just as easily
as he took Gaul.

201
00:21:56,815 --> 00:21:58,670
We won't let that happen.

202
00:21:59,680 --> 00:22:02,947
Our armies outnumber Caesar's
three to one.

203
00:22:04,365 --> 00:22:05,783
[senator] So call them to Rome!

204
00:22:08,118 --> 00:22:09,203
We need to leave.

205
00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:12,581
Abandon Rome?

206
00:22:12,915 --> 00:22:14,750
For the time being, yes.

207
00:22:15,751 --> 00:22:18,870
I'll send word for my legions
to assemble in Greece.

208
00:22:18,170 --> 00:22:19,296
We'll meet them there.

209
00:22:19,672 --> 00:22:21,841
We're just giving Rome to Caesar?

210
00:22:24,218 --> 00:22:25,886
I'm not giving him anything.

211
00:22:35,479 --> 00:22:36,647
[narrator] For the senators,

212
00:22:37,398 --> 00:22:40,250
leaving Rome may look
like a desperate act,

213
00:22:42,236 --> 00:22:45,781
but Pompey knows he can't defeat Caesar
without an army.

214
00:22:48,330 --> 00:22:51,912
Pompey is a very resourceful general
and he has a plan.

215
00:22:52,538 --> 00:22:55,124
The plan is to pull out of Italy

216
00:22:55,207 --> 00:22:57,840
and make a stand in the east.

217
00:22:57,751 --> 00:23:02,673
To build up a new army,
and to use that army to fight Caesar.

218
00:23:08,530 --> 00:23:09,471
[narrator] Pompey asks his legions,

219
00:23:09,555 --> 00:23:12,990
scattered across Asia
and the Mediterranean,

220
00:23:12,349 --> 00:23:13,726
to meet him in Greece.

221
00:23:14,935 --> 00:23:18,630
while forcing each senator,
including Brutus,

222
00:23:18,230 --> 00:23:20,524
to choose a side in this civil war.

223
00:23:33,871 --> 00:23:35,289
You don't think I should go.

224
00:23:36,999 --> 00:23:38,420
Why do you say that?

225
00:23:39,501 --> 00:23:40,753
This isn't personal.

226
00:23:41,337 --> 00:23:45,257
Pompey has the support of the Senate,
the clear military advantage... leave us.

227
00:23:52,431 --> 00:23:53,599
This is the right move.

228
00:23:56,180 --> 00:23:57,610
Are you asking?

229
00:24:00,773 --> 00:24:02,858
Pompey is the better choice.

230
00:24:04,680 --> 00:24:06,280
And even if Caesar wins,

231
00:24:06,737 --> 00:24:07,780
he won't hurt you.

232
00:24:09,239 --> 00:24:10,366
Trust yourself.

233
00:24:12,910 --> 00:24:13,744
I should go.

234
00:24:19,625 --> 00:24:20,626
Be careful.

235
00:24:40,854 --> 00:24:43,982
[narrator]
On the 17th of January, 49 B.C.,

236
00:24:45,150 --> 00:24:48,153
Pompey and most of the Senate
abandon Rome,

237
00:24:49,780 --> 00:24:52,740
leaving the capital without a government.

238
00:24:54,576 --> 00:24:56,537
[Irvin] Nobody was in charge in the city.

239
00:24:57,790 --> 00:25:00,666
The Senate was in shambles,
no assemblies were being called.

240
00:25:01,709 --> 00:25:06,714
Street gangs were essentially
in control of large portions of the city.

241
00:25:09,425 --> 00:25:11,135
[narrator] With the city in chaos,

242
00:25:11,635 --> 00:25:14,388
Caesar could easily take control of Rome.

243
00:25:17,474 --> 00:25:20,185
and that's exactly what Pompey
wants him to do.

244
00:25:28,235 --> 00:25:31,238
He's taking this route to Brundisium.

245
00:25:31,697 --> 00:25:33,657
That's where he'll set sail for Greece.

246
00:25:33,907 --> 00:25:35,750
What about Rome?

247
00:25:35,784 --> 00:25:37,494
We can deal with Rome later.

248
00:25:37,953 --> 00:25:40,873
He's left the city wide open,
we should take it now, while we still can.

249
00:25:40,956 --> 00:25:42,291
Rome's not the priority.

250
00:25:43,792 --> 00:25:45,878
Stopping Pompey from reaching his armies.

251
00:25:46,670 --> 00:25:47,880
That's the priority.

252
00:25:49,882 --> 00:25:51,717
We'll march through the night
to make up time.

253
00:25:51,800 --> 00:25:52,926
Then we'll cut through here--

254
00:25:53,100 --> 00:25:55,804
But if we take Rome,
we can fortify the city limits.

255
00:25:55,888 --> 00:25:57,140
Block him out.

256
00:25:57,389 --> 00:26:01,810
If Pompey reaches Greece,
he'll strengthen his forces tenfold.

257
00:26:02,853 --> 00:26:05,439
Rome can't be defended
against an army of that size.

258
00:26:07,274 --> 00:26:09,359
We're changing course to Brundisium...

259
00:26:10,319 --> 00:26:11,153
now.

260
00:26:14,281 --> 00:26:15,866
Break camp, we're on the move!

261
00:26:17,576 --> 00:26:18,660
On your feet!

262
00:26:23,791 --> 00:26:25,751
[narrator] While the city is unguarded,

263
00:26:27,440 --> 00:26:32,910
Caesar understands that taking Rome
 is not as important as stopping Pompey.

264
00:26:47,564 --> 00:26:50,275
Pompey and the Senate are traveling
to Brundisium,

265
00:26:50,359 --> 00:26:52,486
a port city in southern Italy.

266
00:26:55,447 --> 00:26:59,340
When they arrive, they'll sail to Greece,
to build up their army.

267
00:27:00,619 --> 00:27:04,164
If Caesar and his men can get
to Brundisium first,

268
00:27:04,373 --> 00:27:07,584
Pompey will be forced
to fight or surrender.

269
00:27:10,587 --> 00:27:15,425
But the challenge is enormous,
as Pompey has a head start of 200 miles.

270
00:27:17,940 --> 00:27:21,515
To close the gap, Caesar's men will need
to march at an unforgiving pace.

271
00:27:24,351 --> 00:27:27,271
[Strauss] Caesar is a very bold leader.

272
00:27:27,813 --> 00:27:32,776
His hallmark is speed, he always wants
to get his army there first.

273
00:27:32,860 --> 00:27:35,779
He's constantly pushing.

274
00:27:36,738 --> 00:27:40,868
As a general, Caesar will be
where you don't want him to be.

275
00:27:41,118 --> 00:27:43,871
He seems to have
limitless amounts of energy.

276
00:27:48,625 --> 00:27:50,377
[narrator] As they reach Corfinium,

277
00:27:51,128 --> 00:27:54,548
Caesar and his army trail Pompey
by just 30 miles.

278
00:28:21,825 --> 00:28:23,535
After three months of marching,

279
00:28:24,661 --> 00:28:27,247
Caesar and his men arrive in Brundisium.

280
00:28:30,709 --> 00:28:31,960
But they're too late.

281
00:28:48,644 --> 00:28:50,187
Pompey has slipped away.

282
00:28:53,148 --> 00:28:54,983
But Caesar refuses to give up.

283
00:29:01,657 --> 00:29:04,618
So he orders his men
to begin building ships.

284
00:29:06,360 --> 00:29:07,412
What's the latest estimate?

285
00:29:07,496 --> 00:29:08,497
Two months.

286
00:29:08,997 --> 00:29:11,500
-It's not good enough.
-The men are working as fast as they can.

287
00:29:11,583 --> 00:29:12,876
We don't have two months.

288
00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:14,252
We can only push them so hard.

289
00:29:15,450 --> 00:29:15,963
Ships take time.

290
00:29:16,630 --> 00:29:18,256
Trust me, you'll want them built right.

291
00:29:20,634 --> 00:29:21,635
Just get it done.

292
00:29:30,852 --> 00:29:33,271
[soldier] One! Two!

293
00:29:33,355 --> 00:29:34,481
Three!

294
00:29:36,191 --> 00:29:39,277
One! Two! Three!

295
00:29:42,781 --> 00:29:45,330
[narrator]
While Caesar constructs his fleet,

296
00:29:46,201 --> 00:29:47,536
Pompey builds an army,

297
00:29:50,956 --> 00:29:53,959
as troops from Asia and Syria
arrive in Greece

298
00:29:54,420 --> 00:29:56,211
to fight for their celebrated leader.

299
00:30:01,174 --> 00:30:02,968
[Duncan] Pompey has at his disposal

300
00:30:03,218 --> 00:30:06,930
these men who have all
personally pledged to Pompey

301
00:30:07,140 --> 00:30:08,682
that if he should come calling,

302
00:30:08,765 --> 00:30:12,190
that they will raise men, money,
material, whatever.

303
00:30:12,519 --> 00:30:14,730
He will be able to call essentially
on the resources

304
00:30:14,813 --> 00:30:18,900
of the entire eastern Mediterranean
to battle against Caesar.

305
00:30:22,779 --> 00:30:24,281
[narrator] Back in Brundisium,

306
00:30:25,741 --> 00:30:28,994
Caesar's men have been building ships
for nearly two months,

307
00:30:30,662 --> 00:30:33,665
but they've only built enough
to carry half his army.

308
00:30:35,959 --> 00:30:38,712
And Caesar realizes time is running out.

309
00:30:42,490 --> 00:30:45,343
Caesar knows that he needs
to push the envelope,

310
00:30:45,427 --> 00:30:48,972
knows that if he lets Pompey go on
for much longer, that...

311
00:30:49,389 --> 00:30:52,601
those forces arrayed against him
will just get bigger and bigger.

312
00:30:56,630 --> 00:30:58,398
[narrator] Leaving Mark Antony
to finish the fleet,

313
00:30:59,775 --> 00:31:01,485
Caesar sets off for Greece

314
00:31:02,110 --> 00:31:03,904
with only half his troops.

315
00:31:05,947 --> 00:31:09,493
When Caesar left Italy
to go over to Greece,

316
00:31:09,576 --> 00:31:12,790
this left him dangerously exposed.

317
00:31:12,162 --> 00:31:14,247
Probably he should not have done it.

318
00:31:15,457 --> 00:31:17,334
But Caesar needs to force this battle.

319
00:31:27,552 --> 00:31:29,960
[narrator] After two days,

320
00:31:30,263 --> 00:31:33,809
Caesar and his army of 11,000 men
arrive in Greece

321
00:31:35,143 --> 00:31:36,937
and begin preparing for battle.

322
00:31:38,271 --> 00:31:40,230
But Caesar quickly realizes

323
00:31:41,691 --> 00:31:44,694
that Pompey's army is far greater
than he imagined.

324
00:31:47,572 --> 00:31:49,908
A force four times the size of his,

325
00:31:52,452 --> 00:31:55,380
that grows larger and stronger each day.

326
00:32:00,710 --> 00:32:03,839
We'll blockade here, then through here.
Cut their supply lines,

327
00:32:04,381 --> 00:32:05,465
then starve them out.

328
00:32:06,550 --> 00:32:08,260
-Thoughts?
-Good work.

329
00:32:11,120 --> 00:32:11,847
Sir...

330
00:32:13,348 --> 00:32:14,850
Caesar's forces have been spotted.

331
00:32:17,644 --> 00:32:18,728
Caesar's here?

332
00:32:19,187 --> 00:32:21,731
Their camp is just beyond the ridge line,
less than a mile away.

333
00:32:23,150 --> 00:32:23,984
How many men?

334
00:32:24,568 --> 00:32:26,736
Scout's estimate was only half
what we expected.

335
00:32:37,380 --> 00:32:37,956
What do we do now?

336
00:32:40,417 --> 00:32:42,169
Send the scouts to track them down.

337
00:32:42,794 --> 00:32:43,628
Yes sir.

338
00:32:48,383 --> 00:32:49,217
Go.

339
00:32:56,641 --> 00:32:59,102
[narrator] While Pompey may have
the larger army,

340
00:32:59,978 --> 00:33:03,356
he knows what Caesar's achieved
against greater odds.

341
00:33:05,358 --> 00:33:07,444
[Duncan]
Pompey has the numerical advantage

342
00:33:08,280 --> 00:33:12,407
but even then, he doesn't necessarily want
to fight a battle with Caesar.

343
00:33:13,740 --> 00:33:17,162
It had been quite a long time since Pompey
had actually led troops in battle.

344
00:33:24,252 --> 00:33:27,797
[narrator] Pompey arranges a meeting
to convince Caesar not to fight.

345
00:33:32,344 --> 00:33:36,848
It's been ten years since these former
friends and partners have seen each other.

346
00:34:00,372 --> 00:34:01,456
It's good to see you,

347
00:34:03,250 --> 00:34:05,460
though I wish it were under
different circumstances.

348
00:34:07,963 --> 00:34:09,714
I never congratulated you on Gaul.

349
00:34:11,675 --> 00:34:12,717
I was impressed.

350
00:34:15,950 --> 00:34:17,931
I assume you called me here
to negotiate a truce?

351
00:34:18,140 --> 00:34:19,641
I called you here as a courtesy.

352
00:34:21,768 --> 00:34:22,936
To offer you a way out.

353
00:34:23,937 --> 00:34:26,606
Disband your armies
and drop the all the charges,

354
00:34:27,565 --> 00:34:29,317
and I'll tell my men to stand down.

355
00:34:31,486 --> 00:34:32,654
Why would I do that?

356
00:34:32,737 --> 00:34:33,947
Because you're afraid.

357
00:34:35,907 --> 00:34:37,951
You're afraid your men aren't ready...

358
00:34:40,453 --> 00:34:42,706
afraid you're not as sharp
as you used to be.

359
00:34:43,790 --> 00:34:45,500
And that's why you called me here.

360
00:34:47,669 --> 00:34:49,379
Your men are better trained.

361
00:34:50,755 --> 00:34:53,717
But they don't stand a chance
against the size of my army.

362
00:34:55,302 --> 00:34:56,386
So what's your offer?

363
00:35:00,560 --> 00:35:03,893
Order your men to lay down their arms
and surrender themselves to my legions.

364
00:35:04,769 --> 00:35:06,563
Then you'll return to Rome to face trial.

365
00:35:07,272 --> 00:35:09,107
I'll make sure the courts
are lenient on you,

366
00:35:09,190 --> 00:35:10,817
but you'll never hold office again.

367
00:35:12,652 --> 00:35:15,447
Or you can die on the battlefield
alongside your men...

368
00:35:18,283 --> 00:35:19,326
the choice is yours.

369
00:35:22,537 --> 00:35:24,289
I'll need a day or two to think it over.

370
00:35:24,372 --> 00:35:27,420
So you can wait
for the rest of your forces to arrive?

371
00:35:32,130 --> 00:35:33,298
Consider my offer.

372
00:35:37,802 --> 00:35:38,845
My grandchild...

373
00:35:42,557 --> 00:35:45,310
a boy... or girl?

374
00:35:47,270 --> 00:35:48,188
It was a boy.

375
00:36:11,461 --> 00:36:13,922
[narrator] Caesar's forces
are more battle tested,

376
00:36:14,964 --> 00:36:16,466
but with only half an army,

377
00:36:17,217 --> 00:36:19,219
he stands little chance of victory.

378
00:36:21,888 --> 00:36:22,722
Any word?

379
00:36:23,560 --> 00:36:23,890
Not yet.

380
00:36:26,142 --> 00:36:28,103
[Duncan]
There was really good reason to think

381
00:36:28,186 --> 00:36:31,189
that Pompey would be able to not just
outnumber Caesar,

382
00:36:31,272 --> 00:36:33,358
but massively outnumber Caesar.

383
00:36:33,942 --> 00:36:37,987
Whatever couple of legions Caesar has
will never be able to withstand that.

384
00:36:52,252 --> 00:36:54,421
[narrator] Caesar is facing certain death

385
00:36:56,464 --> 00:36:59,426
when Mark Antony finally arrives
in Greece.

386
00:37:04,681 --> 00:37:06,182
[Duncan]
Caesar was a brilliant general.

387
00:37:07,183 --> 00:37:09,811
But it wasn't until Mark Antony was able

388
00:37:09,894 --> 00:37:13,481
to successfully ferry the other half
of the army over to Greece,

389
00:37:13,565 --> 00:37:17,569
that Caesar even stood any chance
of facing off Pompey.

390
00:37:26,953 --> 00:37:28,455
Send the weakest to the front.

391
00:37:29,289 --> 00:37:31,166
Keep the more experienced in reserve.

392
00:37:32,751 --> 00:37:34,335
Caesar's forces just arrived.

393
00:37:36,838 --> 00:37:37,714
The rest of them.

394
00:37:52,353 --> 00:37:53,188
It's fine.

395
00:37:55,732 --> 00:37:57,233
I want Caesar confident.

396
00:37:58,318 --> 00:37:59,903
That makes him predictable.

397
00:38:02,906 --> 00:38:04,407
Where do you have our cavalry?

398
00:38:05,740 --> 00:38:05,909
Divided...

399
00:38:06,826 --> 00:38:07,952
along the flanks.

400
00:38:10,747 --> 00:38:11,581
Good.

401
00:38:11,664 --> 00:38:13,333
[narrator] Even with a full army,

402
00:38:13,666 --> 00:38:16,878
Pompey still has a two to one advantage
over Caesar.

403
00:38:20,548 --> 00:38:23,176
His infantry is here, here, and here.

404
00:38:23,259 --> 00:38:24,930
How many?

405
00:38:24,260 --> 00:38:26,638
Four legions at the front.
Three more on either side.

406
00:38:26,721 --> 00:38:28,973
He'll try to divide our ranks
or surround us.

407
00:38:31,476 --> 00:38:34,437
[narrator] Outnumbered, Caesar comes up
with a strategy

408
00:38:34,521 --> 00:38:36,606
to help defeat Pompey's men.

409
00:38:37,941 --> 00:38:40,193
His cavalry is divided
along the perimeter,

410
00:38:41,319 --> 00:38:42,278
so keep an eye on them.

411
00:38:48,451 --> 00:38:51,788
[narrator] It's been over a year
since Caesar crossed the Rubicon.

412
00:38:52,413 --> 00:38:53,248
And now,

413
00:38:53,456 --> 00:38:57,669
he's about to face his greatest rival
on the battlefield.

414
00:39:10,181 --> 00:39:11,570
[Pompey] Today,

415
00:39:11,849 --> 00:39:13,309
we face an army of traitors,

416
00:39:14,519 --> 00:39:16,200
driven by greed

417
00:39:16,854 --> 00:39:17,689
and power.

418
00:39:19,858 --> 00:39:22,193
You are here to defend the Republic.

419
00:39:23,736 --> 00:39:27,699
You are here to fight
for the future of Rome.

420
00:39:31,661 --> 00:39:32,704
We...

421
00:39:33,955 --> 00:39:35,415
will overpower their ranks,

422
00:39:36,749 --> 00:39:38,501
we will destroy their forces,

423
00:39:39,878 --> 00:39:41,870
and when we are done,

424
00:39:42,589 --> 00:39:45,592
not a single one of them
will be left standing.

425
00:39:50,638 --> 00:39:52,307
I accept no other outcome...

426
00:39:55,560 --> 00:39:57,353
only victory!

427
00:40:13,953 --> 00:40:15,747
[Duncan] Pompey and Caesar

428
00:40:15,830 --> 00:40:20,100
are two of the greatest generals
in Roman history,

429
00:40:20,460 --> 00:40:23,400
and they were now facing each other.

430
00:40:23,838 --> 00:40:28,217
So, you're looking at two titans
really squaring off,

431
00:40:28,968 --> 00:40:31,929
and deciding the fate
of the Roman Republic.

432
00:40:33,848 --> 00:40:37,101
[narrator] The winner will be named
Rome's greatest general,

433
00:40:37,769 --> 00:40:40,313
and the ruler of what will one day become

434
00:40:40,897 --> 00:40:43,483
the world's most powerful empire.

435
00:40:44,609 --> 00:40:46,611
First ranks, charge!

436
00:40:53,340 --> 00:40:54,770
Charge!

437
00:40:54,160 --> 00:40:55,995
Charge!