1
00:00:34,952 --> 00:00:36,119
[narrator] For over a year,

2
00:00:36,495 --> 00:00:40,874
Julius Caesar has been chasing
Pompey Magnus across the Mediterranean

3
00:00:41,625 --> 00:00:46,460
in a civil war that's threatened
to destroy the Roman Republic.

4
00:00:49,700 --> 00:00:51,510
Now, on a field in Greece,

5
00:00:52,678 --> 00:00:57,570
Caesar, Mark Antony, and 22,000 soldiers

6
00:00:57,891 --> 00:01:01,311
face off against Pompey, Brutus,

7
00:01:02,437 --> 00:01:05,148
and their army of 45,000.

8
00:01:32,134 --> 00:01:33,927
Everything we've accomplished

9
00:01:34,970 --> 00:01:36,513
has led us to this moment.

10
00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:40,183
We've been outnumbered before,

11
00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:42,978
but it has never stopped us.

12
00:01:45,605 --> 00:01:47,240
We've fought for glory,

13
00:01:47,482 --> 00:01:48,400
but today...

14
00:01:49,526 --> 00:01:51,280
we fight for honor.

15
00:01:51,653 --> 00:01:52,487
Today,

16
00:01:54,239 --> 00:01:56,283
we show them who we are.

17
00:02:11,298 --> 00:02:15,969
Caesar and Pompey are Rome's
two greatest generals.

18
00:02:17,262 --> 00:02:21,990
And it's really a question as to whether
the old master, Pompey,

19
00:02:21,183 --> 00:02:26,104
is going to be upstaged
by the young rising star, Caesar.

20
00:02:27,814 --> 00:02:29,816
[soldier] First ranks, charge!

21
00:02:35,655 --> 00:02:36,531
[Antony] Listen up!

22
00:02:37,157 --> 00:02:38,330
This is it!

23
00:02:42,204 --> 00:02:43,330
Charge!

24
00:03:07,562 --> 00:03:09,940
[narrator]
Caesar's men hold their position.

25
00:03:12,275 --> 00:03:14,690
Maintain formation!

26
00:03:17,155 --> 00:03:19,616
[narrator]
But Pompey has a secret weapon...

27
00:03:20,450 --> 00:03:23,120
a cavalry with 7,000 men.

28
00:03:24,621 --> 00:03:26,581
Pompey is hoping

29
00:03:26,665 --> 00:03:30,544
that his magnificent cavalry outdoes
any cavalry that Caesar has.

30
00:03:30,627 --> 00:03:34,500
He's hoping that the cavalry can
win the day on the battlefield.

31
00:03:36,550 --> 00:03:37,384
Cavalry.

32
00:03:37,634 --> 00:03:39,428
Second ranks, to arms!

33
00:03:39,845 --> 00:03:41,221
[horn blows]

34
00:04:00,907 --> 00:04:04,161
[narrator] But Caesar is one step ahead
of Pompey.

35
00:04:06,370 --> 00:04:10,410
Caesar comes up with a really clever
counter to Pompey's cavalry.

36
00:04:10,917 --> 00:04:14,588
He holds some of his infantry men
in reserve,

37
00:04:14,880 --> 00:04:18,216
and he pivots them like a swinging door

38
00:04:19,301 --> 00:04:20,969
in the way of Pompey's cavalry,

39
00:04:21,520 --> 00:04:23,221
and they break the charge
of Pompey's cavalry.

40
00:04:24,514 --> 00:04:25,974
[Caesar] Send the reinforcements!

41
00:04:48,705 --> 00:04:51,333
[Strauss] Pompey's cavalry
do not recover from this,

42
00:04:51,875 --> 00:04:56,400
and that's pretty much the end
of Pompey's offensive in this battle.

43
00:04:57,470 --> 00:04:59,341
And now,
the initiative goes over to Caesar.

44
00:04:59,925 --> 00:05:01,301
Push forward!

45
00:05:07,980 --> 00:05:09,768
One of the big advantages that Caesar had

46
00:05:09,851 --> 00:05:13,939
was leading the same legions
that had just helped him conquer Gaul.

47
00:05:15,565 --> 00:05:17,817
They were well-trained,
they were well-disciplined.

48
00:05:18,777 --> 00:05:23,114
These guys were not just battle hardened,
they had been together with each other.

49
00:05:33,833 --> 00:05:35,710
[narrator] After just an hour of fighting,

50
00:05:37,837 --> 00:05:39,214
Pompey retreats.

51
00:05:42,551 --> 00:05:44,940
Caesar claims victory,

52
00:05:46,120 --> 00:05:48,390
killing 15,000 of Pompey's men,

53
00:05:51,590 --> 00:05:54,620
and taking another 20,000 as prisoners.

54
00:05:56,523 --> 00:06:00,443
[Toner] After the battle,
Caesar catches the rest of the senators

55
00:06:00,777 --> 00:06:02,487
and now he has what he wants.

56
00:06:02,737 --> 00:06:06,116
He has ultimate control of Roman politics.

57
00:06:19,838 --> 00:06:20,797
Where is he?

58
00:06:22,966 --> 00:06:23,967
Where is he?

59
00:06:27,596 --> 00:06:28,471
Where's Pompey?

60
00:06:29,931 --> 00:06:31,141
We've searched every tent.

61
00:06:32,267 --> 00:06:33,268
He must have fled.

62
00:06:37,897 --> 00:06:40,900
Caesar gave one very clear instruction
to his men,

63
00:06:41,276 --> 00:06:44,362
and that was that should any of them
see Brutus on the battlefield,

64
00:06:44,487 --> 00:06:45,864
they were not to kill him.

65
00:06:51,360 --> 00:06:54,122
Part of the reason why he was so concerned
for Brutus

66
00:06:54,205 --> 00:06:57,208
might surely be that he was concerned
for Servilia as well,

67
00:06:57,292 --> 00:06:58,835
looking out for her interests.

68
00:06:59,210 --> 00:07:02,500
But another part might be that he was
genuinely concerned for Brutus

69
00:07:02,130 --> 00:07:04,924
that he wanted Brutus to side with him.

70
00:07:06,968 --> 00:07:09,679
[narrator] Caesar has won
the Battle of Pharsalus,

71
00:07:10,680 --> 00:07:13,160
but he knows he won't have control of Rome

72
00:07:13,933 --> 00:07:15,810
until Pompey is killed.

73
00:08:44,441 --> 00:08:47,861
Julius Caesar's victory in Greece
will not be complete

74
00:08:48,445 --> 00:08:51,990
until he captures his archrival, Pompey.

75
00:08:55,452 --> 00:08:57,871
[Brennan] As long as he remained alive,

76
00:08:58,705 --> 00:09:01,541
Pompey, even a hobbled Pompey
without much of an army,

77
00:09:02,542 --> 00:09:03,585
was a threat.

78
00:09:07,922 --> 00:09:10,300
One of his men says
he was headed towards Cyprus.

79
00:09:10,383 --> 00:09:11,968
Another claims he's gone to Africa.

80
00:09:12,844 --> 00:09:16,264
I suggest we split our forces.
We can each take a legion--

81
00:09:16,347 --> 00:09:17,515
You're not going.

82
00:09:18,580 --> 00:09:19,100
I need you in Rome.

83
00:09:20,351 --> 00:09:21,186
For what?

84
00:09:22,312 --> 00:09:24,147
I need someone there to maintain order.

85
00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:28,151
There are plenty of men more capable.
I can better serve you here.

86
00:09:29,652 --> 00:09:31,154
You're the only one I can trust.

87
00:09:33,239 --> 00:09:34,574
Take whatever men you need.

88
00:09:36,117 --> 00:09:37,202
What about Pompey?

89
00:09:38,661 --> 00:09:41,873
Knowing him, he'll attempt
to raise an army in the east.

90
00:09:43,416 --> 00:09:45,168
That's where he won his conquests.

91
00:09:45,919 --> 00:09:47,300
They'll remember him there.

92
00:09:47,796 --> 00:09:48,630
In Judea?

93
00:09:51,424 --> 00:09:52,383
Alexandria.

94
00:09:59,808 --> 00:10:05,980
[narrator] Alexandria is a port city
a thousand miles east of Rome, in Egypt,

95
00:10:06,439 --> 00:10:09,192
one of the strongest empires in the world.

96
00:10:12,862 --> 00:10:16,241
Egyptian civilization was extremely old.

97
00:10:16,324 --> 00:10:19,536
It had been there for thousands of years,
back to the pharaohs.

98
00:10:20,370 --> 00:10:22,705
The Romans were the new kids on the block.

99
00:10:26,543 --> 00:10:27,669
[narrator] For centuries,

100
00:10:27,752 --> 00:10:31,506
this ancient power has been one of Rome's
closest allies.

101
00:10:34,425 --> 00:10:41,150
Egypt was one of the richest regions
in the entire Mediterranean world.

102
00:10:41,933 --> 00:10:46,187
They had always been shipping money,
grain, and gold to Rome.

103
00:11:01,744 --> 00:11:04,289
[narrator] Pompey has a long history
with Egypt,

104
00:11:04,789 --> 00:11:07,375
and hopes to use it to defeat Caesar.

105
00:11:08,751 --> 00:11:12,714
A few years previously,
Pompey had loaned

106
00:11:12,797 --> 00:11:17,218
significant amounts of money
to the Egyptian Crown.

107
00:11:17,302 --> 00:11:21,347
This was why Pompey had fled to Egypt
in the first place.

108
00:11:21,723 --> 00:11:25,226
He knew that the Egyptian throne
still owed him that money,

109
00:11:25,310 --> 00:11:28,688
and he planned on using that debt
as leverage

110
00:11:28,938 --> 00:11:32,734
to get the Egyptians to support him
against Caesar.

111
00:11:36,279 --> 00:11:40,408
[narrator] This massive kingdom is ruled
by a fourteen-year-old boy

112
00:11:41,618 --> 00:11:42,827
named Ptolemy.

113
00:11:45,371 --> 00:11:46,998
[Strauss] Ptolemy was a boy king

114
00:11:47,290 --> 00:11:50,293
who had been left the crown by his father
in his will.

115
00:11:51,419 --> 00:11:54,470
It was quite usual in Egyptian society

116
00:11:54,339 --> 00:11:57,383
for a king to come to the throne
at a very early age.

117
00:12:23,743 --> 00:12:26,370
It's an honor to finally meet you,
Your Highness.

118
00:12:28,456 --> 00:12:29,707
My name is Pompey Magnus.

119
00:12:29,791 --> 00:12:31,125
I know who you are.

120
00:12:32,502 --> 00:12:33,795
What do you want?

121
00:12:36,923 --> 00:12:38,549
As I'm sure you are aware,

122
00:12:38,633 --> 00:12:42,110
Rome is at war with a small,
but well-trained army of rebels.

123
00:12:42,762 --> 00:12:46,265
I've come here on behalf of the people
of Rome to ask for your support.

124
00:12:51,980 --> 00:12:52,814
How can I help?

125
00:12:53,731 --> 00:12:54,649
As we speak,

126
00:12:55,191 --> 00:12:57,777
I am raising new legions across Africa.

127
00:12:59,195 --> 00:13:02,730
But to ensure a swift
and decisive victory,

128
00:13:02,991 --> 00:13:06,327
I ask you that you pledge your armies
to fight on the side of Rome.

129
00:13:06,411 --> 00:13:08,413
To defeat a small band of rebels?

130
00:13:08,496 --> 00:13:10,164
We could use all the allies we have.

131
00:13:11,207 --> 00:13:13,100
We've drawn the rebels out of Italy,

132
00:13:13,751 --> 00:13:18,600
and concentrated their forces in an area
where it will be easier for us to attack.

133
00:13:19,900 --> 00:13:20,910
I'm impressed.

134
00:13:21,134 --> 00:13:23,386
But my regent tells me
that you've just suffered

135
00:13:23,469 --> 00:13:25,847
a devastating loss to Caesar in Greece.

136
00:13:29,851 --> 00:13:31,144
A minor setback.

137
00:13:35,106 --> 00:13:37,317
The Great Pompey Magnus,

138
00:13:38,443 --> 00:13:40,111
Conqueror of the East,

139
00:13:40,653 --> 00:13:42,613
Defeater of Spartacus...

140
00:13:43,781 --> 00:13:46,117
bowing down and begging for help.

141
00:13:53,332 --> 00:13:55,460
I know you're dealing with your own war.

142
00:13:56,440 --> 00:13:58,337
But we cannot let Rome fall.

143
00:13:58,504 --> 00:14:03,718
Once I defeat Caesar with your help,
I will return with my armies.

144
00:14:12,685 --> 00:14:15,521
[narrator] If Pompey gets the support
of King Ptolemy,

145
00:14:16,481 --> 00:14:19,250
he'll gain the upper hand against Caesar

146
00:14:20,234 --> 00:14:22,820
and threaten to take down
the Roman Republic.

147
00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:29,285
Egypt was an enormous source of anxiety,

148
00:14:29,786 --> 00:14:32,747
because Egypt played
a very important role

149
00:14:32,830 --> 00:14:34,415
in Rome's own food supply.

150
00:14:34,624 --> 00:14:37,376
By choking off the port of Alexandria,

151
00:14:37,460 --> 00:14:39,462
you could pretty much bring Rome
to its knees,

152
00:14:39,754 --> 00:14:41,339
so there was a lot of anxiety

153
00:14:41,422 --> 00:14:45,676
about having Pompey or any person of power
ensconced in Egypt.

154
00:14:53,559 --> 00:14:56,200
[narrator] To add to the instability
in Egypt,

155
00:14:56,813 --> 00:15:00,274
Ptolemy is already in the throes
of his own civil war.

156
00:15:01,859 --> 00:15:03,653
When Ptolemy's father had died

157
00:15:03,736 --> 00:15:06,697
he had actually appointed Ptolemy
as co-king

158
00:15:06,906 --> 00:15:10,535
with his sister and the two of them
had actually married,

159
00:15:11,244 --> 00:15:14,831
something which was perfectly normal
in Egyptian society.

160
00:15:15,832 --> 00:15:20,878
But the two of them had fallen out
and Ptolemy had been left as sole regent.

161
00:15:21,379 --> 00:15:22,964
And she had gone into hiding.

162
00:15:28,886 --> 00:15:32,723
[narrator] Caesar realizes how
unpredictable things are in Egypt.

163
00:15:33,558 --> 00:15:34,976
And for all he knows,

164
00:15:36,600 --> 00:15:38,396
he could be heading directly into a trap.

165
00:16:01,627 --> 00:16:03,254
Your Highness.

166
00:16:06,340 --> 00:16:08,134
If you're here to ask for my armies...

167
00:16:08,926 --> 00:16:09,886
you're too late.

168
00:16:36,329 --> 00:16:37,538
You look disappointed?

169
00:16:39,415 --> 00:16:40,416
Cover it up.

170
00:16:43,753 --> 00:16:44,712
Cover it up!

171
00:16:49,217 --> 00:16:50,510
[Strauss] Ptolemy kills Pompey

172
00:16:50,885 --> 00:16:54,388
and has his head presented to Caesar
when he arrives in Egypt,

173
00:16:55,560 --> 00:16:58,893
hoping, I think, that it would somehow
ingratiate himself with Caesar.

174
00:16:59,180 --> 00:17:00,937
But, in fact, Caesar is horrified.

175
00:17:01,395 --> 00:17:03,689
He's outraged that the great Roman general

176
00:17:03,981 --> 00:17:06,609
and indeed someone who had been
a relative of his

177
00:17:06,692 --> 00:17:09,403
suffers such a undignified fate.

178
00:17:10,279 --> 00:17:11,155
Why?

179
00:17:11,572 --> 00:17:14,909
Since you're no longer at war,
you can help me fight mine.

180
00:17:15,868 --> 00:17:17,578
Now, we're allies.

181
00:17:19,622 --> 00:17:21,820
I need to get back to Rome.

182
00:17:21,666 --> 00:17:22,625
You owe me.

183
00:17:26,462 --> 00:17:28,422
Once things get settled in Rome,

184
00:17:29,632 --> 00:17:30,967
I'll do all I can.

185
00:17:38,391 --> 00:17:40,476
It wasn't a request.

186
00:17:41,852 --> 00:17:44,210
Keep him here until he changes his mind.

187
00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:08,379
[narrator] After two years chasing Pompey
across Italy and Greece,

188
00:18:08,921 --> 00:18:11,632
Julius Caesar is put under house arrest

189
00:18:12,466 --> 00:18:14,260
as he awaits his fate.

190
00:18:17,540 --> 00:18:20,224
Once Caesar found himself in Egypt,

191
00:18:20,308 --> 00:18:26,522
he became ensconced in a situation
of extraordinary civil unrest.

192
00:18:27,230 --> 00:18:31,270
Caesar himself essentially
became a prisoner in the city.

193
00:18:42,705 --> 00:18:44,810
I apologize about all this.

194
00:18:46,167 --> 00:18:47,585
Then let me go.

195
00:18:52,590 --> 00:18:55,343
I suggest you do as the Emperor requests.

196
00:18:56,135 --> 00:18:57,219
Lend him your armies,

197
00:18:57,595 --> 00:19:00,556
help him end this rebellion
against his sister.

198
00:19:00,723 --> 00:19:02,141
Let me talk to both of them.

199
00:19:03,601 --> 00:19:05,936
I'm sure I can resolve this whole thing...

200
00:19:06,854 --> 00:19:08,356
without any bloodshed.

201
00:19:10,316 --> 00:19:12,693
King Ptolemy isn't interested
in negotiating.

202
00:19:14,779 --> 00:19:17,281
Is that him talking, or you?

203
00:19:20,534 --> 00:19:24,380
You should make yourself comfortable.
You could be here a while.

204
00:19:30,378 --> 00:19:35,549
Caesar arrives in Egypt and underestimates
what the Egyptian reaction will be.

205
00:19:36,467 --> 00:19:39,303
He finds himself holed up in Alexandria,

206
00:19:39,470 --> 00:19:41,305
unable to do anything.

207
00:19:55,444 --> 00:19:58,739
[narrator] As Caesar weighs his decision
to support King Ptolemy,

208
00:20:01,325 --> 00:20:05,790
his newly won republic is spiraling
into chaos.

209
00:20:06,247 --> 00:20:09,250
Since Pompey and the senators
evacuated Rome,

210
00:20:10,420 --> 00:20:12,753
the city has been without
a functioning government.

211
00:20:13,337 --> 00:20:16,340
The biggest problem is the lack of food.

212
00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,431
The city of Rome by this point had
a population well over a million people.

213
00:20:23,848 --> 00:20:26,580
It required regular grain shipments

214
00:20:26,142 --> 00:20:28,978
from Sicily, from Egypt,
from other parts of the empire.

215
00:20:29,728 --> 00:20:31,981
The city simply could not sustain itself.

216
00:20:32,940 --> 00:20:35,943
And with no administrative apparatus,
with nobody in charge,

217
00:20:36,260 --> 00:20:38,320
the city was literally
eating itself alive.

218
00:20:40,364 --> 00:20:43,750
[narrator] While grain is still being
delivered to the city,

219
00:20:43,909 --> 00:20:46,287
it's no longer making it to the people,

220
00:20:47,371 --> 00:20:49,582
creating a firestorm.

221
00:20:57,256 --> 00:21:01,343
The man charged with maintaining order
is Mark Antony,

222
00:21:02,261 --> 00:21:03,512
a valiant soldier,

223
00:21:04,513 --> 00:21:07,160
but someone with no political ambitions.

224
00:21:08,642 --> 00:21:11,729
[Duncan] Mark Antony did not seem
to have a care in the world.

225
00:21:11,812 --> 00:21:14,356
He liked drinking, he liked gambling,
he liked women.

226
00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:18,110
And the Roman Republic was being run
quite badly.

227
00:21:20,863 --> 00:21:21,697
Sir...

228
00:21:22,615 --> 00:21:23,991
Another riot's broken out.

229
00:21:24,992 --> 00:21:26,452
Shipments are coming.

230
00:21:27,244 --> 00:21:28,454
Tell them to be patient.

231
00:21:29,663 --> 00:21:31,400
We have to do something.

232
00:21:31,999 --> 00:21:32,917
Break it up.

233
00:21:33,834 --> 00:21:35,544
Use force if necessary.

234
00:21:36,545 --> 00:21:37,630
-Sir--
-Do it.

235
00:21:45,471 --> 00:21:49,975
Mark Antony turns out to be a bad choice
to govern Rome in Caesar's absence.

236
00:21:50,809 --> 00:21:53,521
He's not able to deal with popular unrest.

237
00:21:53,979 --> 00:21:56,482
He's forced to resort
to the blunt instrument

238
00:21:56,565 --> 00:21:58,609
of sending troops into the Forum.

239
00:22:03,781 --> 00:22:05,908
[narrator] Under Mark Antony's command,

240
00:22:06,325 --> 00:22:08,244
over a hundred civilians are killed,

241
00:22:08,953 --> 00:22:11,121
including women and children.

242
00:22:12,164 --> 00:22:17,200
Proving Rome needs a leader like Caesar
now, more than ever.

243
00:22:45,489 --> 00:22:47,575
As Rome slides into turmoil,

244
00:22:48,492 --> 00:22:51,360
Caesar's refusal to support King Ptolemy

245
00:22:51,829 --> 00:22:53,247
is becoming unsafe.

246
00:23:29,450 --> 00:23:31,760
How long till the guards change?

247
00:23:33,996 --> 00:23:34,872
Who are you?

248
00:23:40,711 --> 00:23:41,795
Cleopatra.

249
00:23:46,500 --> 00:23:47,468
You refused to help my brother.

250
00:23:48,177 --> 00:23:49,110
Why?

251
00:23:50,429 --> 00:23:51,472
Why does it matter?

252
00:23:52,931 --> 00:23:53,932
I need to know.

253
00:23:56,852 --> 00:23:58,187
I didn't want to get involved.

254
00:24:03,108 --> 00:24:03,984
And now?

255
00:24:06,403 --> 00:24:07,446
I still don't.

256
00:24:10,366 --> 00:24:11,867
Even if I got you out of here?

257
00:24:16,163 --> 00:24:17,373
If I say no,

258
00:24:18,540 --> 00:24:20,292
I assume your guards will kill me?

259
00:24:20,876 --> 00:24:21,960
Probably.

260
00:24:23,462 --> 00:24:25,464
Then I don't have much of a choice then,
do I?

261
00:24:30,886 --> 00:24:33,180
Cleopatra was an intellectual.

262
00:24:33,263 --> 00:24:35,432
She was ambitious and she was driven.

263
00:24:35,516 --> 00:24:38,102
She desired power above all things,

264
00:24:38,185 --> 00:24:42,731
and through aligning herself with Caesar,
Cleopatra had everything to gain.

265
00:24:47,778 --> 00:24:49,238
[narrator] By freeing Caesar,

266
00:24:49,697 --> 00:24:52,282
Cleopatra hopes to strengthen her position

267
00:24:53,330 --> 00:24:55,953
in the war against her brother,
King Ptolemy.

268
00:24:57,413 --> 00:24:59,289
[Strauss] Cleopatra has lost out

269
00:24:59,957 --> 00:25:02,668
in the power struggles
in the royal family.

270
00:25:03,252 --> 00:25:07,470
But she finds a way to power,
and that way is called Julius Caesar.

271
00:25:10,926 --> 00:25:12,928
[narrator] Caesar backs the young queen,

272
00:25:13,679 --> 00:25:16,390
believing it will help him
and the Republic.

273
00:25:19,170 --> 00:25:22,146
[Strauss] There was something
in this relationship for each party.

274
00:25:22,479 --> 00:25:29,153
Caesar became convinced that Cleopatra
was a sure bet for stability in Egypt.

275
00:25:30,362 --> 00:25:34,742
Cleopatra, of course,
saw Caesar and his legionaries

276
00:25:34,825 --> 00:25:37,745
as her only road to power in Egypt.

277
00:25:42,374 --> 00:25:45,669
[narrator] Caesar sends for reinforcements
in Greece and Italy,

278
00:25:46,462 --> 00:25:49,470
and combined with Cleopatra's own troops

279
00:25:49,631 --> 00:25:52,176
devises a plan to defeat the king.

280
00:26:04,146 --> 00:26:06,230
In 47 B.C.,

281
00:26:06,982 --> 00:26:10,319
Caesar and Cleopatra's army of 20,000 men

282
00:26:11,690 --> 00:26:12,821
lays siege against Ptolemy

283
00:26:13,572 --> 00:26:15,574
in the city of Alexandria.

284
00:26:45,620 --> 00:26:47,640
After several months of fighting,

285
00:26:48,190 --> 00:26:50,818
King Ptolemy's forces are defeated.

286
00:26:52,528 --> 00:26:53,737
While escaping the city,

287
00:26:54,780 --> 00:26:56,782
Ptolemy drowns in the Nile...

288
00:26:59,340 --> 00:27:02,120
and Cleopatra takes full control
of the kingdom.

289
00:27:08,252 --> 00:27:10,546
Caesar can now return to Rome,

290
00:27:11,880 --> 00:27:15,801
but his alliance with Cleopatra
has become more than political.

291
00:27:18,530 --> 00:27:23,725
Cleopatra impresses Caesar with both
her political skills and her beauty.

292
00:27:24,101 --> 00:27:26,436
They quickly become allies and lovers.

293
00:27:27,312 --> 00:27:29,982
She was exactly the kind of woman
who would appeal

294
00:27:30,232 --> 00:27:33,110
to a man as brilliant as Julius Caesar.

295
00:27:54,464 --> 00:27:57,259
[narrator]
While Caesar enjoys his new role in Egypt,

296
00:27:57,759 --> 00:28:01,263
the troubles back home continue
to escalate.

297
00:28:29,333 --> 00:28:31,126
Riots are breaking out in Rome.

298
00:28:32,753 --> 00:28:34,755
Antony's lost control of the situation.

299
00:28:36,381 --> 00:28:37,507
Then replace him.

300
00:28:39,134 --> 00:28:40,218
I have to get back.

301
00:28:41,428 --> 00:28:43,889
To tend to your duties
as a glorified senator?

302
00:28:44,681 --> 00:28:45,807
I'll be consul.

303
00:28:46,350 --> 00:28:47,768
A chairman for the Senate?

304
00:28:51,563 --> 00:28:52,940
If that's what you want, then go.

305
00:28:54,816 --> 00:28:57,486
But if you're looking for real power,
you won't find it in Rome.

306
00:29:01,823 --> 00:29:02,783
Stay with me

307
00:29:03,325 --> 00:29:05,953
and we'll will rule Egypt together
as King and Queen.

308
00:29:08,372 --> 00:29:11,917
Why are you so determined
to keep me out of Rome?

309
00:29:12,840 --> 00:29:13,669
-I'm not.
-I think you are.

310
00:29:14,544 --> 00:29:16,546
And I think you have been this whole time.

311
00:29:16,713 --> 00:29:17,547
Why would I?

312
00:29:19,490 --> 00:29:20,467
To weaken Rome?

313
00:29:21,551 --> 00:29:23,470
Hold onto power? You tell me.

314
00:29:23,553 --> 00:29:25,639
What exactly are you accusing me of?

315
00:29:25,722 --> 00:29:27,224
I know when I'm being used.

316
00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:29,977
So now I'm using you?

317
00:29:30,143 --> 00:29:30,978
Aren't you?

318
00:29:39,861 --> 00:29:42,531
[Strauss] Caesar ultimately
has to return to Rome

319
00:29:42,614 --> 00:29:45,617
because that's where the government is,
that's where the power is.

320
00:29:45,993 --> 00:29:49,790
Caesar has to arrange Roman politics,

321
00:29:50,122 --> 00:29:53,917
but you can't settle Roman politics
without going to Rome.

322
00:30:06,847 --> 00:30:10,559
[narrator] It's been 12 years since Caesar
was forced out of Rome.

323
00:30:13,353 --> 00:30:15,147
Now, he's heading home

324
00:30:16,523 --> 00:30:19,776
to save the city that's fallen into chaos.

325
00:30:22,154 --> 00:30:25,730
Caesar needs to win back
the people to his side

326
00:30:25,157 --> 00:30:28,368
who may have become disgruntled
after being treated

327
00:30:28,452 --> 00:30:31,380
in such a heavy-handed way
by Mark Antony.

328
00:31:19,586 --> 00:31:20,754
Get out.

329
00:31:33,767 --> 00:31:36,895
I trusted you to maintain order.

330
00:31:37,354 --> 00:31:38,271
And I did.

331
00:31:39,640 --> 00:31:41,566
If you did,
the people wouldn't be protesting.

332
00:31:41,650 --> 00:31:45,403
They're protesting because your war
left them without a Senate.

333
00:31:45,487 --> 00:31:47,405
How could you bring my army into Rome?

334
00:31:47,489 --> 00:31:48,615
People were rioting.

335
00:31:48,698 --> 00:31:51,409
-Because they were hungry.
-You told me to maintain order.

336
00:31:51,493 --> 00:31:53,120
-What was I supposed to do?
-Feed them!

337
00:31:53,203 --> 00:31:54,287
I broke up the riots.

338
00:31:54,371 --> 00:31:57,374
-You killed women and children.
-I did what you told me to do.

339
00:31:57,457 --> 00:31:58,708
I would have helped them!

340
00:32:02,170 --> 00:32:03,880
Then maybe you should have been here.

341
00:32:04,756 --> 00:32:05,590
Not in Egypt.

342
00:32:06,591 --> 00:32:07,425
Here.

343
00:32:09,100 --> 00:32:10,137
I should have been here.

344
00:32:12,514 --> 00:32:14,474
But don't blame me for what you did.

345
00:32:22,774 --> 00:32:24,734
[narrator] To save Rome from collapsing,

346
00:32:25,944 --> 00:32:28,280
Caesar will have to rebuild
the government.

347
00:32:38,390 --> 00:32:41,918
He calls a meeting with all the senators
who sided with Pompey

348
00:32:43,300 --> 00:32:44,963
to determine their fate.

349
00:33:08,278 --> 00:33:10,697
You had the power to end this war.

350
00:33:13,825 --> 00:33:15,243
And you did nothing.

351
00:33:19,122 --> 00:33:20,874
And that makes you guilty.

352
00:33:23,668 --> 00:33:24,502
All of you.

353
00:33:28,465 --> 00:33:31,176
Roman blood is on your hands.

354
00:33:36,431 --> 00:33:37,807
You stood by...

355
00:33:39,601 --> 00:33:41,353
and let one of your own

356
00:33:42,854 --> 00:33:45,607
become consumed by greed and power.

357
00:33:47,901 --> 00:33:48,735
Why?

358
00:33:50,403 --> 00:33:51,238
Fear?

359
00:33:53,740 --> 00:33:55,367
Fear of retribution?

360
00:33:59,120 --> 00:34:02,415
This Republic cannot function
without a Senate.

361
00:34:05,430 --> 00:34:10,298
And clearly, this Senate cannot function
under fear of retribution.

362
00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:24,688
Let this serve as an example.

363
00:34:28,240 --> 00:34:30,944
There will be no vengeance.

364
00:34:34,948 --> 00:34:36,157
You may take your seats.

365
00:34:42,372 --> 00:34:46,501
Caesar decided, for his part,
to have a program of clemency;

366
00:34:46,710 --> 00:34:48,336
he was going to forgive people

367
00:34:48,420 --> 00:34:50,588
and incorporate them
within his own circle.

368
00:34:51,506 --> 00:34:53,633
In so doing, he could strengthen his hand,

369
00:34:53,842 --> 00:34:57,512
because he could bring to his side
some of the noble Romans,

370
00:34:57,595 --> 00:35:00,515
so it would make his cause
look all the better again.

371
00:35:03,601 --> 00:35:05,353
[narrator] But Caesar's forgiveness

372
00:35:05,770 --> 00:35:07,814
doesn't come without a price.

373
00:35:10,108 --> 00:35:11,943
For more than four centuries,

374
00:35:12,694 --> 00:35:15,488
the Senate has guided Rome
through times of prosperity,

375
00:35:16,114 --> 00:35:17,532
and times of struggle.

376
00:35:18,325 --> 00:35:20,350
Now is a time to rebuild.

377
00:35:20,994 --> 00:35:23,121
We can earn back the trust of the people,

378
00:35:23,204 --> 00:35:25,707
but it will take time,
and it will take effort.

379
00:35:26,875 --> 00:35:29,961
It is with Rome's interests in mind
that I hereby...

380
00:35:31,379 --> 00:35:33,506
nominate Julius Caesar...

381
00:35:34,549 --> 00:35:36,801
to serve as dictator

382
00:35:37,802 --> 00:35:39,846
for the next ten years...

383
00:35:42,557 --> 00:35:45,226
to help guide us back to a path of honor,

384
00:35:46,227 --> 00:35:49,898
and lead Rome to the great future
it deserves.

385
00:35:57,300 --> 00:35:59,240
I graciously accept this honor,

386
00:36:00,950 --> 00:36:03,953
and the enormous responsibility
that comes with it...

387
00:36:06,247 --> 00:36:08,249
should the nomination be confirmed.

388
00:36:11,127 --> 00:36:12,337
All those in favor?

389
00:36:20,178 --> 00:36:24,641
Caesar resurrects an office
that had really fallen into disuse,

390
00:36:24,724 --> 00:36:26,393
which is the dictatorship.

391
00:36:28,812 --> 00:36:31,856
This is one man,
for a limited amount of time,

392
00:36:32,230 --> 00:36:34,401
holds absolute sole authority.

393
00:36:36,945 --> 00:36:39,322
[Brennan] The dictator was--
Started off life

394
00:36:39,406 --> 00:36:42,409
as an emergency office only to be held
for six months.

395
00:36:44,202 --> 00:36:48,810
It was almost a primeval feature
of the Roman republican constitution.

396
00:36:48,581 --> 00:36:51,126
Caesar held this office,
not for a military emergency,

397
00:36:51,209 --> 00:36:53,860
but for reconstituting the Roman state.

398
00:36:55,130 --> 00:36:57,257
To put it back together in such a way

399
00:36:57,340 --> 00:37:01,344
that he would have
an unassailable position at the very top,

400
00:37:01,428 --> 00:37:02,846
and this was extremely un-Roman.

401
00:37:05,724 --> 00:37:09,477
It was a real slap in the face
not just to the Senate,

402
00:37:09,561 --> 00:37:12,630
but to the entire idea of the Republic.

403
00:37:17,110 --> 00:37:18,570
The vote is unanimous.

404
00:37:21,531 --> 00:37:24,701
[narrator] By appointing himself dictator
for ten years,

405
00:37:25,410 --> 00:37:28,163
Caesar ignores the rules
of the constitution,

406
00:37:29,205 --> 00:37:31,708
allowing him more time
to fix the Republic.

407
00:37:39,700 --> 00:37:41,551
[Duncan] Caesar had a keen sense

408
00:37:41,634 --> 00:37:45,472
of what was working in the Republic,
and what was not working.

409
00:37:46,139 --> 00:37:49,767
Economic inequality.
The Senate was filled with corruption.

410
00:37:49,976 --> 00:37:52,437
The calendar had completely fallen
out of whack,

411
00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:56,941
their ability to keep time had even
fallen into a deplorable state.

412
00:37:58,276 --> 00:38:01,654
Caesar, he could see all of it,
he could see what needed to be done.

413
00:38:01,738 --> 00:38:03,782
Him assuming dictatorial power

414
00:38:03,948 --> 00:38:06,576
allowed him to make reforms

415
00:38:06,659 --> 00:38:09,913
that had not been able
to be carried forth.

416
00:38:12,749 --> 00:38:16,419
[narrator] Caesar's first order
of business is to feed a population

417
00:38:16,544 --> 00:38:18,421
that's on the brink of starvation.

418
00:38:19,589 --> 00:38:24,385
So he creates a new distribution system
that delivers grain to the people.

419
00:38:25,762 --> 00:38:27,972
And he puts on a series of games,

420
00:38:28,515 --> 00:38:31,100
where gladiators fight to the death.

421
00:38:32,477 --> 00:38:35,146
[Irvin] The gladiatorial games
that Caesar celebrated

422
00:38:35,230 --> 00:38:39,901
was on a massive scale that the Romans had
only seen a couple of times previously.

423
00:38:39,984 --> 00:38:42,278
But it was really Julius Caesar himself

424
00:38:42,570 --> 00:38:46,115
who had perfected the use
of gladiator contests

425
00:38:46,199 --> 00:38:49,285
as a way of mobilizing popular opinion.

426
00:38:51,287 --> 00:38:54,400
[narrator] These reforms bring stability
back to Rome

427
00:38:54,958 --> 00:38:57,627
and earn Caesar the love of the people,

428
00:38:58,545 --> 00:39:01,381
something he's desired his entire career.

429
00:39:04,968 --> 00:39:07,720
Cesar wanted the support
of the Roman people.

430
00:39:07,887 --> 00:39:10,932
He wanted to be seen
as a legitimate ruler.

431
00:39:11,307 --> 00:39:15,228
He didn't want to be seen
as a simple military tyrant.

432
00:39:19,148 --> 00:39:21,818
[narrator] While Caesar puts himself
above the Senate,

433
00:39:23,403 --> 00:39:26,720
he still needs them to execute his orders.

434
00:39:29,330 --> 00:39:34,956
So he invites many of the younger nobles,
 like Brutus, to help draft his policies.

435
00:39:36,374 --> 00:39:39,919
[Strauss] Caesar is particularly eager
to bring Brutus to his side.

436
00:39:40,295 --> 00:39:43,840
For one thing, of course,
Brutus is the son of Caesar's

437
00:39:44,700 --> 00:39:46,593
longtime mistress, Servilia.

438
00:39:47,343 --> 00:39:52,980
But the other thing is that Brutus
in some sense is Mr. Rome.

439
00:39:52,557 --> 00:39:55,643
Brutus, as the man who has the ancestry

440
00:39:55,727 --> 00:39:59,630
and a man who is universally respected
by the Roman people,

441
00:39:59,147 --> 00:40:02,984
having Brutus on your side
is a very valuable card to play,

442
00:40:03,192 --> 00:40:04,986
and Caesar wants to play it to the full.

443
00:40:06,905 --> 00:40:09,991
The Republic's changing.
We need to change with it.

444
00:40:11,200 --> 00:40:12,827
That's something Pompey never accepted.

445
00:40:15,163 --> 00:40:18,333
And yet you sided with him and not me.

446
00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:20,251
Why?

447
00:40:23,671 --> 00:40:25,600
He had a larger army.

448
00:40:25,923 --> 00:40:27,300
More experience.

449
00:40:27,675 --> 00:40:28,885
The support of the Senate.

450
00:40:30,595 --> 00:40:32,130
And I didn't think you could win.

451
00:40:38,394 --> 00:40:41,481
Honesty is very hard to come by.

452
00:40:43,316 --> 00:40:44,484
Especially in the Senate.

453
00:40:48,571 --> 00:40:51,824
There are very few who understand
what needs to be done,

454
00:40:51,908 --> 00:40:54,160
and even fewer who I trust.

455
00:40:58,706 --> 00:41:00,124
I want you...

456
00:41:01,167 --> 00:41:04,295
to oversee affairs here and in Gaul,

457
00:41:05,880 --> 00:41:09,592
make sure the local magistrates
are implementing the new laws.

458
00:41:11,520 --> 00:41:13,179
And of course you'll need some authority,

459
00:41:14,555 --> 00:41:16,724
so I'll be appointing you governor.

460
00:41:18,643 --> 00:41:19,560
That's quite an honor.

461
00:41:20,645 --> 00:41:21,688
Then it's settled.

462
00:41:22,146 --> 00:41:24,899
It's just I don't think I'm eligible.
I haven't held high enough office.

463
00:41:24,983 --> 00:41:26,985
I'll make sure the Senate approves
your appointment.

464
00:41:34,992 --> 00:41:38,663
Caesar had given Brutus
some preferential treatment.

465
00:41:38,746 --> 00:41:41,374
No doubt regard for Servilia,
his mistress--

466
00:41:41,958 --> 00:41:44,850
Even though their affair
seems to have ended,

467
00:41:44,377 --> 00:41:47,500
they still had a strong friendship
which lasted a long time.

468
00:42:02,610 --> 00:42:03,187
You look well.

469
00:42:13,448 --> 00:42:15,366
Aren't you going to offer me any wine?

470
00:42:15,950 --> 00:42:17,118
Yes, of course.

471
00:42:25,126 --> 00:42:26,502
How was Egypt?

472
00:42:28,463 --> 00:42:29,380
Memorable?

473
00:42:31,466 --> 00:42:33,551
I'm sure the pyramids were breathtaking.

474
00:42:48,941 --> 00:42:50,260
It's good to see you.

475
00:42:52,700 --> 00:42:53,863
I just wanted to say thank you.

476
00:42:55,490 --> 00:42:56,324
For what?

477
00:42:57,366 --> 00:42:59,368
Sparing Brutus's life.

478
00:43:09,378 --> 00:43:10,755
Get help, now!