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           Australia,

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       A vast country of
 breathtaking natural beauty...

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   Teeming with extraordinary
      and iconic animals.

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      Meet the kangaroos.

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  With their long forelegs...

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     ..Distinctive bouncing
            gait...

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      ..And babies carried
          in pouches,

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       They are the most
    successful and sociable

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         Of the species
      known as marsupials.

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        These kangaroos,
     called eastern greys,

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     Populate the woodland,
      pasture and forests

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      Of the eastern side
         of australia.

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        And their lives
    are full of surprises...

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       ..Petty squabbles

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      And big boy brawls,

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         Companionship
      and social climbing,

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      Patient parenting...

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    And the bounciest babies
            of all.

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    This is the secret life
        of the kangaroo.

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           It's dawn
   in sundown national park,

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     A 61-square-mile area
          of woodland
        and open pasture

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  On the border of queensland
      and new south wales,
           australia.

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   Eastern grey kangaroo enid
       and her joey ella

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     Are preparing to leave
        the forest where
    they've spent the night.

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       They've been named
         by researchers

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    Who are documenting the
   lives and social behavior

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      Of the 300 kangaroos
          living here.

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  Ella is an at-foot joey - no
  longer in her mother's pouch

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      But still dependent
          on her mom.

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       Out on the pasture
        where they feed,

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       Another joey josie
         is taking milk
     from her mother julia.

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         As marsupials,
     kangaroos have pouches
      with mammary glands,

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        Where they raise
          their young.

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     Josie will have spent
  9 months in her mom's pouch

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       Before starting to
   spend time on the ground.

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     She'll gradually start
           to forage,

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    But will also still feed
        from her mother

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    Until she's fully weaned
         at 18 months.

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          Mom and joey
       may look relaxed,

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       But josie is still
          vulnerable.

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        An at-foot joey
     is not easily able to
   defend herself from attack

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    And she still needs her
     mother for protection.

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       Julia needs to be
          on her guard

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    And keep a constant eye
     on what's around her.

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      But mother and joey
      are far from alone.

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      They have protection
        all around them.

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   Julia will be making sure
       that they're never
          too far away

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   From their wider group of
   eastern grey kangaroos...

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       ..Known as a mob.

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    For kangaroos, a mob is
   like their social network.

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    It's a fluid arrangement

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   Where anything between two
     and a hundred animals

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   Cluster together to feed.

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    Members will come and go
        as they please,

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     Constantly shifting -
    even from hour to hour -

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        Depending on the
     availability of food.

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  Kangaroos don't necessarily
     live in family groups,

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     But males and females
   are part of the same mob,

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  And females who are related
often stay close to each other.

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   As well as moms and joeys,

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     There will be a number
            of males

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  Who compete with each other
       for mating rights.

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            (growls)

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   Here, there's teenage boy
    barney, who's not quite
          mating yet,

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     But stands showing off
       by trying to look
       as big as he can.

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     And nearby, cyclops -
     a distinctive-looking
          young male.

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    He's got a damaged eye,

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  But this doesn't affect his
 ability to vie for dominance.

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   This casual group in fact
 has benefits for all of them.

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    Grouping together gives
    the mob greater security
       against predators.

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        Kangaroos - and,
  in particular, young joeys -

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      Are at risk of being
     attacked by snakes...

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       ..Birds of prey...

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           ..Foxes...

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         ..And dingoes.

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   Australia's apex predator,
 the dingo, is a keen hunter...

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   And a kangaroo on its own
     can be an easy target.

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   A dingo can conceal itself
     in the undergrowth...

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   ..Then move at high speed.

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 Its powerful jaws can take out
 a vulnerable joey in moments.

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          Feeding out
      on the open pasture,

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    The kangaroos never know
          what threat
    could be lurking nearby.

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    As foraging herbivores,
      they all need to eat
    for many hours each day

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    To get enough nutrition
       from the grasses.

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      So group protection
          is essential

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   To maximize feeding time.

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       The kangaroos can
        collectively use

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       Their strong sense
    of hearing for danger...

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      ..Frequently raising
     their heads to check.

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          It's called
       shared vigilance.

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    The group relies on all
   its members keeping alert

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       To enable them all
      to feed more safely.

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       Adolescent barney
      may be showing off,

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       But he's also got
         a keen eye on
  what's going on around him.

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        He's part of the
     'bubble of awareness'

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  The mob sets up for safety.

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    Researchers here define
       any animals within
     50 feet of each other

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         As being part
        of the same mob.

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       Within that space,
    the kangaroos will react
   to each other's movements,

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   Alerting others to danger.

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    Female kangaroo stripes

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         Stops chewing
      and raises her head.

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          A sign that
      she's on high alert.

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   Kangaroo eyesight is poor
          but stripes
     has excellent hearing

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    And can swivel her ears
    in different directions

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    Without moving her head.

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      Stripes is the first
            to move.

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    As soon as one kangaroo
       bolts, it triggers
      a mass departure...

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       ..And all of them
       take off at speed.

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     Kangaroos are the only
         large animals

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         To use hopping
    as a means of locomotion

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       And eastern greys'
       powerful hind legs

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    Can propel them at up to
       39 miles an hour.

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     So the mob can quickly
  scarper from open grassland

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       To the protection
      of the woods nearby.

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        Adult kangaroos
      instinctively trust
     the safety of the mob.

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     But joeys testing out
       their independence

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      Can pose a challenge
       for their mothers.

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      It's midmorning and
  julia's peacefully feeding,

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  With her joey josie nearby.

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      Josie is distracted
     by two other kangaroos
      greeting each other.

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        Kangaroo kissing
    is thought to be a sign
     of social acceptance.

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   Curious josie doesn't wait
        for her mother.

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        Within seconds,
          josie is out
   of julia's immediate gaze

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     And now she's at risk.

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       On a nearby tree,
    there's a large goanna,

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     A carnivorous reptile
   almost three feet long...

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     ..And with sharp teeth
           and claws.

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       It can unhinge its
           lower jaw

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       To make easy prey
    of a joey of this size.

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      Reproductive females
           are often

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       The most vigilant
           kangaroos.

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   Julia is quick to realize
      that josie has moved
      too far for safety.

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    She springs into action.

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   This time, josie's lucky.

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         And now julia
       is staying close.

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   While kangaroos are always
        alert to danger,

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   A mob can learn to adjust
          its behavior

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     Depending on the level
           of threat.

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   The anglesea golf course,
      south of melbourne,

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   Is home to a large colony

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           Of around
      250 eastern greys...

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      ..Who make good use
   of the well-kept greens...

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        ..And don't seem
          too troubled
  by the presence of golfers.

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       Among the anglesea
      kangaroo population

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     Are five-year-old male
            captain,

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      Four-year-old female
            teni...

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   ..And teni's one-year-old
             joey.

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    Teni is one of a number
          of kangaroos

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        Being monitored
      on the golf course,

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          So she wears
      an identity collar.

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    Although, like the rest
          of the mob,

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      Captain and teni are
   completely wild kangaroos,

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   They have learned to live
       in close proximity
          to humans...

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     And flying golf balls.

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      These grassy spaces

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       Give the kangaroos
       excellent grazing

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     And the lack of cover
   means fewer predators too,

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     So the mob can forage
          for longer.

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      Scientists have been
            studying

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        The mob behavior
       of these kangaroos

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    And they have discovered

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     That captain and teni
       are very unusual.

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  They appear to be a couple.

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     Usually after mating,
   the male has little to do

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     With either the female
        or any offspring

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   And males will often move
     between different mobs

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        In search of new
        mating partners.

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      But captain and teni
    are constantly together.

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     Captain is most likely
           the father

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   Of teni's at-foot joey...

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   ..As well as the next joey

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    That is clearly visible
        in teni's pouch.

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   A tight little family unit
           like this

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         Is rarely seen
    in kangaroo mob society.

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         Their behavior
      could be the result

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 Of the protective environment
      of the golf course.

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     And it seems that they
    look out for each other

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   More than wilder kangaroos
             would.

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    Teni has been separated
          from the mob

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    By researchers, who want
  to give her a health check.

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00:16:58,634 --> 00:17:01,019
      Captain and the joey
        watch anxiously.

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00:17:07,977 --> 00:17:10,144
   Sensing potential danger,

184
00:17:10,155 --> 00:17:13,072
     Captain leads the joey
   away from the golf course.

185
00:17:24,335 --> 00:17:26,085
     The joey sticks close.

186
00:18:10,298 --> 00:18:12,215
    And captain seems to be
       keeping an eye out

187
00:18:12,291 --> 00:18:14,300
    For the young kangaroo,

188
00:18:14,377 --> 00:18:17,386
     Something a large male
    would never normally do.

189
00:18:30,318 --> 00:18:33,111
       They end up in the
           playground
      of a nearby school.

190
00:18:46,501 --> 00:18:49,127
      They seem unsettled
         without teni.

191
00:19:23,946 --> 00:19:25,696
         Captain sticks
         with the joey

192
00:19:25,707 --> 00:19:28,291
     Until he deems it safe
    to return to the green.

193
00:19:31,880 --> 00:19:36,007
    And this unconventional
   family group is reunited.

194
00:20:21,170 --> 00:20:23,262
        Back at sundown,

195
00:20:23,389 --> 00:20:25,223
   Stripes appears to be ill.

196
00:20:39,188 --> 00:20:41,364
     She's an older female,

197
00:20:41,532 --> 00:20:44,116
   But still has another joey
   just visible in her pouch.

198
00:20:45,611 --> 00:20:48,037
   She's lying with her head
         on the ground.

199
00:20:48,114 --> 00:20:51,832
       In this position,
     she can't be vigilant
      for possible danger.

200
00:20:54,462 --> 00:20:57,797
     It's a tell-tale sign
    that something is wrong.

201
00:21:15,733 --> 00:21:17,975
     She seems to be cold,

202
00:21:17,986 --> 00:21:20,569
    Wrapping her arms around
     herself to keep warm.

203
00:21:25,034 --> 00:21:29,745
        One of stripes'
    regular mob mates naomi
        lies beside her.

204
00:21:33,159 --> 00:21:35,743
         While mobs are
      fluid arrangements,

205
00:21:35,753 --> 00:21:38,504
       Kangaroos can show
       social preferences

206
00:21:38,581 --> 00:21:42,300
   And females in particular
  can form bonds with others.

207
00:21:47,757 --> 00:21:50,182
     Naomi's presence gives
   some protection to stripes

208
00:21:50,259 --> 00:21:52,059
    While she's laying low.

209
00:22:03,189 --> 00:22:05,573
     Kangaroo mobs are not
       territory-based...

210
00:22:06,609 --> 00:22:10,119
   But many female kangaroos
     like stripes and naomi

211
00:22:10,196 --> 00:22:14,081
    Will stick to a regular
          feeding area
     of around 37 acres...

212
00:22:15,126 --> 00:22:17,126
    ..Known as a home range.

213
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   This may widen, depending
        on how much food
    and water are available.

214
00:22:33,019 --> 00:22:34,968
    Sticking to a home range

215
00:22:34,979 --> 00:22:37,563
   Ensures that the kangaroos
     can draw on experience

216
00:22:37,640 --> 00:22:40,733
    To optimize the time and
    energy needed to forage.

217
00:22:48,984 --> 00:22:51,235
     Mobs are often made up
          of kangaroos

218
00:22:51,245 --> 00:22:54,705
   Whose home ranges overlap
           as part of
   the wider social network.

219
00:23:01,664 --> 00:23:05,049
     But that doesn't mean
     that all their social
    interaction is friendly.

220
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       Females don't have
          a hierarchy,

221
00:23:14,602 --> 00:23:16,685
       But those that are
         more assertive

222
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        Can gain access
   to better food or space...

223
00:23:23,602 --> 00:23:26,946
  ..Or, in high temperatures,
        areas of shade.

224
00:23:44,298 --> 00:23:46,549
      As a new dawn breaks
         over sundown,

225
00:23:46,634 --> 00:23:49,593
    Delilah is searching for
    the best spot to forage.

226
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      Arriving at the edge
         of the forest,

227
00:23:57,895 --> 00:23:59,728
    She reacts at the sight

228
00:23:59,805 --> 00:24:01,814
      Of another kangaroo
      who's already there.

229
00:24:03,726 --> 00:24:06,569
       Aggression between
   kangaroos is often vocal.

230
00:24:06,645 --> 00:24:07,987
            (growls)

231
00:24:08,063 --> 00:24:10,147
      A female will growl
      if another kangaroo

232
00:24:10,158 --> 00:24:12,149
      Who's not one of her
        usual mob mates

233
00:24:12,160 --> 00:24:14,243
         Tries to feed
        too near to her.

234
00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:16,245
            (growls)

235
00:24:17,239 --> 00:24:18,456
        Delilah growls.

236
00:24:19,167 --> 00:24:22,251
           (growling)

237
00:24:29,919 --> 00:24:32,470
     To enforce the point,
        she gives chase.

238
00:24:45,776 --> 00:24:47,026
            (coughs)

239
00:24:47,102 --> 00:24:49,737
    A cough is the kangaroo
      sign of submission.

240
00:24:57,196 --> 00:24:59,246
            (grunts)

241
00:25:01,042 --> 00:25:03,200
      The other kangaroo's
            retreat

242
00:25:03,211 --> 00:25:05,836
   Means that delilah has won
       the feeding spot.

243
00:25:32,648 --> 00:25:34,573
   Meanwhile, male kangaroos

244
00:25:34,650 --> 00:25:37,901
    Have a much more obvious
      dominance hierarchy
         than females,

245
00:25:37,912 --> 00:25:41,330
     Based around size and
  their ability to win mates.

246
00:25:45,244 --> 00:25:47,169
  Males will move around more

247
00:25:47,246 --> 00:25:49,838
          And some of
       the largest males
    are only seen at sundown

248
00:25:49,915 --> 00:25:52,091
          During peak
        breeding season.

249
00:25:55,263 --> 00:25:57,179
     Younger males will vie
         for supremacy,

250
00:25:57,256 --> 00:26:00,140
    Trying to work their way
     up the pecking order.

251
00:26:04,772 --> 00:26:06,605
         As they reach
    their adolescent years,

252
00:26:06,732 --> 00:26:10,434
      They will gradually
     move further away from
    their mom's home ranges

253
00:26:10,444 --> 00:26:13,153
    And will spend more time
     checking out females.

254
00:26:17,034 --> 00:26:19,743
         Larger stature
     indicates higher rank.

255
00:26:25,876 --> 00:26:29,128
       Barney and cyclops
      haven't yet reached
    the big, beefy standard

256
00:26:29,204 --> 00:26:31,130
   Of full-blown adult males.

257
00:26:32,967 --> 00:26:35,384
   But they'll certainly take
       every opportunity

258
00:26:35,461 --> 00:26:37,595
       To show the others
    that they mean business.

259
00:26:38,889 --> 00:26:41,798
        Standing tall -
    called a 'high stand' -

260
00:26:41,809 --> 00:26:44,643
       Is a primary show
         of dominance.

261
00:26:48,983 --> 00:26:52,610
       While ostentatious
           scratching
   is another show of power.

262
00:27:02,163 --> 00:27:04,830
      The males will keep
   a close eye on each other.

263
00:27:07,409 --> 00:27:09,710
   And when one tries a move
       on the females...

264
00:27:13,007 --> 00:27:15,674
       ..Another will use
  aggression to warn him off.

265
00:27:15,801 --> 00:27:17,635
            (growls)

266
00:27:45,456 --> 00:27:48,281
         Early morning
   and adolescent male xavier

267
00:27:48,334 --> 00:27:50,793
        Is in the forest
      with a young female.

268
00:27:58,135 --> 00:28:01,428
     Males will often cluck
      at female kangaroos
    to show their interest.

269
00:28:02,556 --> 00:28:04,515
            (clucks)

270
00:28:10,564 --> 00:28:12,731
   He's not quite big enough
          to mate yet,

271
00:28:12,858 --> 00:28:14,775
    But that won't stop him
            trying.

272
00:28:16,395 --> 00:28:19,479
   So he sticks close to her,
  clucking wherever she goes.

273
00:28:19,490 --> 00:28:21,198
            (clucks)

274
00:28:23,485 --> 00:28:28,330
      (continues clucking)

275
00:28:40,010 --> 00:28:41,844
        These kangaroos
       are part of a mob

276
00:28:41,920 --> 00:28:43,846
  That heads over to the dam.

277
00:29:00,105 --> 00:29:03,866
   Kangaroos are well adapted
       to go several days
        without drinking

278
00:29:03,951 --> 00:29:05,525
    In the hot, dry summer.

279
00:29:06,612 --> 00:29:09,455
      But when more water
          is available
   during the cooler months,

280
00:29:09,531 --> 00:29:11,373
    They'll drink regularly.

281
00:29:30,644 --> 00:29:33,604
    Cyclops is also drinking
       at the water hole.

282
00:29:35,474 --> 00:29:36,982
        And he's tense.

283
00:29:40,029 --> 00:29:42,646
    It's windy, which makes
     the kangaroos nervous.

284
00:29:45,484 --> 00:29:48,076
  It means they are less able
      to hear other sounds

285
00:29:48,153 --> 00:29:49,995
     Which could alert them
           to danger.

286
00:30:08,757 --> 00:30:10,933
     To add to his tension,

287
00:30:11,009 --> 00:30:13,811
   Cyclops has spotted xavier
       wooing the female.

288
00:30:15,514 --> 00:30:17,681
       Both males are of
        similar stature,

289
00:30:17,691 --> 00:30:21,193
        So cyclops could
         challenge him
  for the female's attention.

290
00:30:26,108 --> 00:30:27,866
            (clucks)

291
00:30:27,993 --> 00:30:30,110
        Xavier launches
   a fresh round of clucking.

292
00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:35,457
            (clucks)

293
00:30:41,632 --> 00:30:44,383
         Cyclops moves
    to assert his dominance.

294
00:30:58,807 --> 00:31:00,899
   He barks loudly at xavier.

295
00:31:01,068 --> 00:31:02,943
            (barks)

296
00:31:25,134 --> 00:31:27,167
            (barks)

297
00:31:27,177 --> 00:31:30,012
      Cyclops' aggression
           is enough
     to establish dominance

298
00:31:30,088 --> 00:31:31,889
      And xavier retreats.

299
00:31:34,259 --> 00:31:37,144
  He moves to a safe distance
        from cyclops...

300
00:31:38,597 --> 00:31:40,981
       ..Who stands guard
       to keep him away.

301
00:31:46,521 --> 00:31:48,947
      She may not be ready
     to mate either of them

302
00:31:49,074 --> 00:31:52,200
   But cyclops is still going
  to practice his power play.

303
00:32:11,129 --> 00:32:13,722
  Having won her grazing spot
            earlier,

304
00:32:13,799 --> 00:32:16,516
  Delilah is taking some time
          to groom...

305
00:32:18,896 --> 00:32:20,804
     ..Checking for ticks,

306
00:32:20,814 --> 00:32:22,981
        Which can embed
     themselves in her fur.

307
00:32:41,493 --> 00:32:44,670
  But as soon as she sets off
  in search of more foraging,

308
00:32:44,746 --> 00:32:48,048
   She's quickly got another
  young female in her sights.

309
00:33:13,450 --> 00:33:15,450
       Delilah moves in,

310
00:33:15,527 --> 00:33:17,452
        Threatening her
          with growls.

311
00:33:18,455 --> 00:33:20,080
            (growls)

312
00:33:24,837 --> 00:33:26,253
            (growls)

313
00:33:30,259 --> 00:33:32,092
           (growling)

314
00:33:33,712 --> 00:33:35,345
           (growling)

315
00:33:36,381 --> 00:33:39,349
    But aggression like this
    doesn't always pay off.

316
00:33:41,228 --> 00:33:43,061
            (growls)

317
00:33:46,483 --> 00:33:48,808
    When the other kangaroo
       stands her ground,

318
00:33:48,819 --> 00:33:50,902
       Delilah gives up.

319
00:34:08,330 --> 00:34:10,672
       She simply has to
      continue her feeding

320
00:34:10,749 --> 00:34:13,133
          With another
        kangaroo nearby.

321
00:34:39,194 --> 00:34:42,829
   Male and female kangaroos
          might fight
    over different things...

322
00:34:44,950 --> 00:34:47,283
    ..But when food sources
          get scarce,

323
00:34:47,294 --> 00:34:50,295
     The aggression between
   all of them can intensify.

324
00:34:52,624 --> 00:34:55,458
           It's dusk
   and the mob has descended

325
00:34:55,469 --> 00:34:58,545
       On an area of soil
   rich in salt and minerals,

326
00:34:58,555 --> 00:35:00,138
     Known as a salt lick.

327
00:35:15,897 --> 00:35:19,324
   While the kangaroos' diet
  is mostly grass and plants,

328
00:35:19,401 --> 00:35:21,568
      They nibble the soil
         in these pits

329
00:35:21,578 --> 00:35:23,829
          To replenish
    the nutrients they need.

330
00:35:31,755 --> 00:35:34,330
      Kangaroos are unable
           to sweat,

331
00:35:34,341 --> 00:35:36,883
         So in summer,
     they lick their arms.

332
00:35:37,919 --> 00:35:41,304
    The evaporation of their
       saliva helps shed
       excess body heat.

333
00:35:44,101 --> 00:35:46,643
        This could lead
      to salt deficiency.

334
00:35:49,347 --> 00:35:51,273
      There is little salt
           in grass,

335
00:35:51,349 --> 00:35:53,266
        Whereas the soil
       in these pit areas

336
00:35:53,277 --> 00:35:55,193
         Has been found
           to be high

337
00:35:55,270 --> 00:35:57,154
            In salt,
     sulfur and magnesium.

338
00:36:34,392 --> 00:36:37,319
     But there are only two
  areas like this in sundown,

339
00:36:37,395 --> 00:36:40,572
    Meaning that the 'licks'
   can be fiercely contested,

340
00:36:40,649 --> 00:36:44,451
   Especially as there's only
        room at each pit
   for one or two at a time.

341
00:36:52,920 --> 00:36:55,837
  And once a kangaroo has got
    control of a salt lick,

342
00:36:55,914 --> 00:36:57,839
    Aggression clearly pays.

343
00:37:00,752 --> 00:37:02,594
            (growls)

344
00:37:03,597 --> 00:37:07,015
      Delilah has got the
  best position in the center
        of the salt pit.

345
00:37:07,092 --> 00:37:09,017
            (growls)

346
00:37:18,603 --> 00:37:21,529
          She's older
      and slightly bigger
    than the other females.

347
00:37:23,784 --> 00:37:25,784
            (growls)

348
00:37:28,446 --> 00:37:30,872
        And by adopting
      an aggressive stance

349
00:37:30,949 --> 00:37:33,533
     And growling whenever
   they attempt to approach,

350
00:37:33,543 --> 00:37:36,878
   She can prevent the others
          from feeding
      at the same time...

351
00:37:40,467 --> 00:37:42,968
    ..Ensuring all the more
          for herself.

352
00:37:50,552 --> 00:37:52,894
        This is not due
        to a hierarchy.

353
00:37:54,139 --> 00:37:55,972
        Researchers here
          have noticed

354
00:37:55,983 --> 00:37:59,901
      That some kangaroos
        simply have more
    assertive personalities.

355
00:38:00,988 --> 00:38:03,321
     And that older females
         in particular

356
00:38:03,573 --> 00:38:05,448
     Can be more intolerant
           of others.

357
00:38:13,500 --> 00:38:15,500
            (growls)

358
00:38:18,547 --> 00:38:20,338
            (growls)

359
00:38:20,415 --> 00:38:23,341
   The other females' failure
        to retreat fully

360
00:38:23,468 --> 00:38:26,052
        Prompts delilah
  to escalate her aggression.

361
00:38:49,861 --> 00:38:51,778
            (growls)

362
00:38:51,788 --> 00:38:55,415
          Batting the
       others away proves
     an effective strategy.

363
00:39:06,961 --> 00:39:09,095
            (growls)

364
00:39:10,057 --> 00:39:12,640
       Delilah's repeated
      domineering behavior

365
00:39:12,717 --> 00:39:16,353
     Ensures that the more
      submissive kangaroos
        don't retaliate.

366
00:39:22,486 --> 00:39:24,644
        Her intimidation
         of the others

367
00:39:24,654 --> 00:39:27,864
     Means she can keep the
   salt lick all to herself.

368
00:39:47,636 --> 00:39:51,754
   At the other pit, josie is
   trying to feed from julia.

369
00:39:54,592 --> 00:39:57,093
    By growling and batting
         her joey away,

370
00:39:57,104 --> 00:39:58,928
    Julia could be signaling

371
00:39:58,939 --> 00:40:00,730
      That she wants josie
            to wean.

372
00:40:05,019 --> 00:40:06,694
     Over at delilah's pit,

373
00:40:06,780 --> 00:40:09,114
   Her domination of the lick
    is proving short-lived.

374
00:40:17,874 --> 00:40:19,866
            (growls)

375
00:40:19,876 --> 00:40:23,920
   This kangaroo is refusing
       to be deterred by
    delilah's scare tactics.

376
00:40:27,217 --> 00:40:29,050
            (growls)

377
00:40:33,548 --> 00:40:35,807
            (growls)

378
00:40:36,643 --> 00:40:38,685
     (growls aggressively)

379
00:40:41,064 --> 00:40:44,441
     Proof that standing up
    to a bully can pay off.

380
00:40:58,156 --> 00:41:00,457
      Out on the pasture,
   things are more peaceful.

381
00:41:01,668 --> 00:41:03,460
    Stripes is on the mend.

382
00:41:05,255 --> 00:41:07,079
    She's back on her feet.

383
00:41:09,676 --> 00:41:13,011
   Mothers groom their joeys
         in preparation
      for the night ahead.

384
00:41:20,937 --> 00:41:24,814
     And the other members
    of the mob get in their
   last grazing before dark.

385
00:41:29,279 --> 00:41:31,270
    They'll spend the night
         in the forest,

386
00:41:31,281 --> 00:41:33,698
   Sleeping and then foraging
      in the early hours.

387
00:41:39,948 --> 00:41:41,831
        But as nightfall
         approaches...

388
00:41:43,376 --> 00:41:45,126
         ..The struggle
        at the salt lick

389
00:41:45,203 --> 00:41:47,003
         Shows no sign
         of dying down.

390
00:41:51,042 --> 00:41:53,134
         And when males
      join in the action,

391
00:41:53,211 --> 00:41:55,261
  The dynamic quickly shifts.

392
00:41:58,058 --> 00:42:00,058
         Cyclops joins
         delilah's pit.

393
00:42:03,304 --> 00:42:05,104
     And she defers to him.

394
00:42:06,650 --> 00:42:09,058
       At julia's pit...

395
00:42:09,069 --> 00:42:11,569
            (growls)

396
00:42:11,696 --> 00:42:16,533
    ..Her irritation at her
    joey's repeated attempts
     to suckle is mounting.

397
00:42:20,705 --> 00:42:22,580
           This time,
     josie gets a smack...

398
00:42:23,750 --> 00:42:25,708
     ..Before mom calls it
            a night.

399
00:42:38,098 --> 00:42:40,181
     Delilah wastes no time

400
00:42:40,258 --> 00:42:42,225
          In moving in
     on the vacated space.

401
00:42:58,868 --> 00:43:02,036
     Cyclops might be able
    to dominate the females

402
00:43:03,031 --> 00:43:05,790
      But another male is
  watching from the sidelines.

403
00:43:07,377 --> 00:43:09,043
            Barney.

404
00:43:18,054 --> 00:43:19,887
            (growls)

405
00:43:21,549 --> 00:43:23,808
            (growls)

406
00:43:27,480 --> 00:43:29,731
            (growls)

407
00:43:29,807 --> 00:43:33,568
  His growls as he approaches
         show that he's
    exerting his authority -

408
00:43:33,645 --> 00:43:35,486
    And expects submission.

409
00:43:35,563 --> 00:43:37,447
     (growling intensifies)

410
00:44:06,853 --> 00:44:09,103
            (growls)

411
00:44:16,354 --> 00:44:18,780
     (growls aggressively)

412
00:44:22,285 --> 00:44:25,953
      Cyclops' attempts at
       getting rid of him
          are futile.

413
00:44:35,548 --> 00:44:39,509
   Shaking his ears is a way
           of showing
       he means business.

414
00:44:51,973 --> 00:44:53,806
        Cyclops retreats

415
00:44:53,817 --> 00:44:55,775
        To join delilah
       on the sidelines.

416
00:45:20,927 --> 00:45:24,011
   But once barney's asserted
    himself as top kangaroo,

417
00:45:24,088 --> 00:45:26,723
   He's willing to let others
       feed from his pit.

418
00:45:27,842 --> 00:45:31,561
 And some of the other females
   get their chance at last.

419
00:45:57,547 --> 00:46:00,122
   Life as a kangaroo is full

420
00:46:00,133 --> 00:46:03,384
     Of surprising dangers,
    dramas, risks and rows.

421
00:46:04,554 --> 00:46:07,805
   But at the end of the day,
 and away from the salt licks,

422
00:46:08,016 --> 00:46:10,057
       Calm is restored.

423
00:46:13,646 --> 00:46:17,190
  The kangaroos can return to
  the safety of the forest...

424
00:46:22,071 --> 00:46:24,572
      ..And a quiet night
         ahead of them

425
00:46:24,649 --> 00:46:28,326
        As peace-loving,
   grass-munching herbivores
           once more.

426
00:47:04,030 --> 00:47:14,038
               ♪♪

427
00:47:14,115 --> 00:47:19,043
               ♪♪