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{\an8}♪♪♪
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{\an7}[ Suspenseful music plays ]
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{\an8}♪♪♪
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-September 1519.
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{\an1}Ferdinand Magellan
sets out from Spain
6
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{\an1}on what would be the first
expedition around the world.
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{\an8}♪♪♪
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{\an1}Magellan sails in search
of a western sea route to Asia
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{\an1}and the Spice Islands.
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00:00:28,800 --> 00:00:32,200
{\an1}For Europeans, spices
from the other side of the world
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{\an1}are worth their weight in gold
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{\an1}and Magellan hopes his voyage
will lead to a
huge
payoff.
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{\an1}-Voyages of discovery
are propelled
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{\an1}by commercial greed,
by ambition.
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{\an1}-His obsession takes his crew
to distant shores
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{\an1}where no Europeans
had been before.
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{\an1}-So these are voyages
of the imagination,
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{\an1}as well as voyages of discovery.
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{\an1}-In the end, Magellan would
not complete the epic journey.
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{\an1}But members of his crew did,
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{\an1}setting the foundation
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{\an1}for global commerce
and colonization
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{\an1}that remains with us today.
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{\an1}After three long years at sea,
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{\an1}only a handful of survivors
returned to the Spanish harbor.
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{\an1}Their ship, laden with spices,
provided proof
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{\an1}that it is possible
to sail around the world.
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{\an1}It is a moment in history that
transformed global civilization.
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{\an8}♪♪♪
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{\an1}-"Secrets of the Dead"
was made possible in part by
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{\an1}contributions to your PBS
station from viewers like you.
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{\an8}♪♪♪
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{\an8}-At the beginning
of the 16th century,
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{\an7}Seville is the starting point
for Spanish expeditions
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{\an7}into the recently discovered
New World.
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{\an7}The sailors hope to find a more
efficient route to the Far East
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{\an7}so they can bring back
exotic goods
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{\an1}and extremely valuable spices --
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{\an1}cloves and nutmeg.
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{\an1}Determined to make his fortune,
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Portuguese sailor
Ferdinand Magellan tries
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{\an1}to convince his king
to sponsor a voyage
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{\an1}in search of a western sea route
to the Spice Islands.
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{\an1}But the king refuses.
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{\an7}-Dom Manuel is seeing Portugal
becoming a great power
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{\an7}and traveling to the Far East
by odd routes
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{\an1}really isn't very interesting.
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{\an1}He sees a vision which doesn't
involve Magellan's voyage.
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{\an1}-Desperate and embittered,
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{\an1}Magellan leaves Portugal
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{\an1}and offers his services
to its archenemy --
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Spain.
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{\an1}-Magellan is working
for the king of Spain
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{\an1}because the king of Portugal,
Dom Manuel,
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despises him,
has rejected his plans.
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{\an1}-His experience and energy
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quickly convince
the Spanish king
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{\an1}to fund his costly venture.
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00:03:01,533 --> 00:03:05,133
{\an1}-Just like today, if you want
backing for a big project,
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00:03:05,166 --> 00:03:07,333
{\an1}you have to promise
to find something
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00:03:07,366 --> 00:03:09,566
{\an1}worth spending your money on.
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{\an1}So it's about investment.
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{\an1}It's about organization.
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{\an1}It's about persuasion.
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{\an1}You've got to sell the vision.
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{\an1}And Magellan's success is he
sells the vision to Charles I
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{\an1}and that's his big breakthrough.
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{\an1}The Portuguese often said
Magellan was a traitor.
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He wasn't.
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He was rejected
by his own country
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{\an1}and, like many other Portuguese
mariners and navigators,
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he went off
to serve elsewhere --
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{\an1}in Spain, in England.
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{\an1}All over the world, Portuguese
navigators are serving.
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{\an1}-Magellan sets sail
from Seville's shipyard,
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{\an1}which today bears witness
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to centuries
of maritime history.
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{\an1}-Seville is the center
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{\an1}of the Spanish enterprise
of the Indies.
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{\an1}It's where Spain is organizing
all its great voyages.
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{\an1}The bureaucrats are here.
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{\an1}The money men are here.
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{\an1}The sailors are here.
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{\an1}The visionary navigators,
like Magellan, are here.
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{\an1}Indeed, we're just
outside the walls
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{\an1}of Old Seville, in the shipyard.
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{\an1}Magellan would've been here,
fitting out his ships.
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He would've had
that conversation
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{\an1}about getting his ship ready,
finding the men,
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right here,
right outside the old city.
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{\an1}-The voyages to the other side
of the world are just one facet
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{\an1}of a great shift happening
in Europe at the time.
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{\an1}-The 16th century is an age
of transformation.
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{\an1}Nicolaus Copernicus
has just placed the world,
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not at the center
of the universe,
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{\an1}but as part of the mechanics
of a much greater solar system.
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{\an1}Christopher Columbus
has discovered America,
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{\an1}although he thinks
it's still India.
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00:04:33,266 --> 00:04:34,633
{\an1}And Martin Luther is challenging
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{\an1}the Universal Church
of Western Europe.
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00:04:36,900 --> 00:04:39,933
{\an1}So this constellation
of little parochial places
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{\an1}has suddenly woken up
and realized
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{\an1}there's a whole wide world
out there to be discovered
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{\an1}and the 16th century will be
the Age of Discovery.
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{\an8}♪♪♪
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{\an1}-The goal of these
expeditions, however,
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is not to improve
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{\an1}the geographic understanding
of the world.
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{\an1}Power and money are at the heart
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{\an1}of these so-called voyages
of discovery.
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00:05:03,366 --> 00:05:05,933
{\an1}But the sailors do bring back
important knowledge
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{\an8}for scientists
and cartographers.
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{\an7}Magellan is convinced
he will find
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{\an1}an unknown passageway
at the tip of South America,
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00:05:15,466 --> 00:05:17,200
{\an1}and he isn't the only one
who believes
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{\an1}there is a southern route
around the continent.
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{\an8}♪♪♪
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{\an1}The Historical Museum
in Frankfurt has
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{\an1}in its collection a globe
that was made roughly five years
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{\an1}before
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Magellan's journey
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00:05:29,700 --> 00:05:34,066
and still puzzles
historians today.
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{\an7}-[ Speaking German ]
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{\an8}-[Interpreter]
In South America,
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{\an7}we see a route going
between the tip of the continent
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{\an1}and the land mass of Antarctica.
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{\an1}This passageway is puzzling.
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{\an1}How is this route going
around South America possible
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{\an1}on a globe from 1515,
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00:05:51,666 --> 00:05:53,933
{\an1}even though Magellan
didn't take this route
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{\an1}until five years later?
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00:05:59,833 --> 00:06:03,666
{\an1}-Each ship returning from the
newly found Western Hemisphere
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{\an1}brings with it more information
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{\an1}about the true shape
of the Earth.
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00:06:09,466 --> 00:06:11,700
-Very quickly,
the Spanish realized
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00:06:11,733 --> 00:06:13,466
they needed
to control knowledge.
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00:06:13,500 --> 00:06:16,333
{\an1}They needed to bring all
of the cartographic
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{\an1}understanding of the world
as it expanded
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00:06:18,966 --> 00:06:22,500
{\an1}inside Seville, to control it,
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00:06:22,533 --> 00:06:25,500
to limit it,
to stop other people having it,
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00:06:25,533 --> 00:06:27,500
{\an1}to make sure their people
knew where to go
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{\an1}and other people didn't.
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{\an8}♪♪♪
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{\an7}So they have a succession
of expert cartographers
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00:06:33,100 --> 00:06:35,166
working here,
taking all the information
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00:06:35,200 --> 00:06:37,200
coming back
from Columbus' voyages
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00:06:37,233 --> 00:06:38,633
{\an1}and, later, Magellan's voyages,
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{\an1}into the city, to be processed,
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{\an1}to record how much more we know,
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00:06:44,333 --> 00:06:47,100
year after year,
across the century.
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00:06:47,133 --> 00:06:49,466
So this is where
that knowledge expands.
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{\an1}Decade by decade, the map grows,
the details become finer,
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and, ultimately,
we have a map of the world
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{\an1}that we would recognize
being produced in this city.
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{\an8}♪♪♪
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00:07:00,966 --> 00:07:04,333
{\an1}-And finding a western sea route
to the Spice Islands
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{\an1}becomes a battle for control
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00:07:06,033 --> 00:07:08,533
{\an1}of the most lucrative trade
of the day.
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{\an8}♪♪♪
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00:07:12,266 --> 00:07:14,500
{\an1}Today, Ternate and Tidore,
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{\an1}the island hubs of the
16th-century spice trade,
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{\an1}are part of Indonesia.
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00:07:20,633 --> 00:07:23,333
Tidore,
less than six miles across,
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is the larger
of the two islands.
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{\an1}Despite their size,
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00:07:28,100 --> 00:07:31,700
{\an7}they were the center
of conflict for centuries.
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00:07:31,733 --> 00:07:34,700
{\an7}The fight for these islands'
resources began long
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{\an7}before Europeans came ashore,
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{\an1}as the crown prince
of Ternate explains.
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-[ Sniff ]
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{\an1}-[ Speaking native language ]
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{\an8}-[Interpreter]
The first to discover
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{\an8}cloves and nutmeg
were the Chinese.
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{\an8}They became
world trade commodities,
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{\an1}resulting in exchange
between China and Ternate,
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{\an1}more well-known as the
Spice Road or the Silk Road.
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-In Seville,
Magellan presses ahead,
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00:08:04,400 --> 00:08:06,200
{\an1}furnishing the fleet.
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{\an1}Five ships are readied,
and a crew mustered.
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A seasoned sailor
from the Basque region
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00:08:12,400 --> 00:08:13,500
{\an1}is part of the crew.
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-Next!
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00:08:17,066 --> 00:08:19,266
Name.
-Sebastián Elcano.
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00:08:19,300 --> 00:08:21,600
{\an8}♪♪♪
185
00:08:21,633 --> 00:08:26,566
{\an1}-Elcano signs on as a crewman
at the start of the expedition.
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00:08:26,600 --> 00:08:30,700
{\an1}But by the time he returns,
he will have become its leader,
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{\an1}guiding his ship across the
Indian Ocean and back to Spain.
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00:08:34,833 --> 00:08:39,433
{\an8}♪♪♪
189
00:08:39,466 --> 00:08:41,866
Elcano's family
has a long history
190
00:08:41,900 --> 00:08:43,633
{\an1}of shipping and shipbuilding.
191
00:08:43,666 --> 00:08:45,466
{\an8}♪♪♪
192
00:08:45,500 --> 00:08:48,666
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
193
00:08:48,700 --> 00:08:49,833
-[Interpreter]
We know that he came
194
00:08:49,866 --> 00:08:52,166
{\an1}from a very influential
family in Getaria,
195
00:08:52,200 --> 00:08:54,400
{\an1}that was in the ship business
and sea trade,
196
00:08:54,433 --> 00:08:58,433
{\an1}outfitting expeditions,
organizing transports.
197
00:08:58,466 --> 00:08:59,933
{\an7}And that's no coincidence,
198
00:08:59,966 --> 00:09:02,433
{\an7}since 80% of all ships
leaving Seville
199
00:09:02,466 --> 00:09:04,966
{\an7}in the 16th century,
bound for America,
200
00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:09,833
{\an1}were built in the Basque region.
201
00:09:09,866 --> 00:09:11,833
{\an1}[ Gulls squawking ]
202
00:09:11,866 --> 00:09:15,900
{\an1}-In Pasaia, not far
from Elcano's hometown,
203
00:09:15,933 --> 00:09:19,800
{\an1}a unique project is underway.
204
00:09:19,833 --> 00:09:24,800
{\an7}A team is building a replica
of a 16th-century galleon,
205
00:09:24,833 --> 00:09:28,866
{\an7}relying on the same methods
used nearly 500 years ago.
206
00:09:28,900 --> 00:09:34,666
{\an8}♪♪♪
207
00:09:34,700 --> 00:09:38,100
{\an7}-These ships were used
for the most fantastic trips
208
00:09:38,133 --> 00:09:39,900
{\an7}and adventures in the past.
209
00:09:39,933 --> 00:09:41,566
{\an7}You know, 500 years ago,
210
00:09:41,600 --> 00:09:44,633
{\an1}the only way humankind
could connect with the world
211
00:09:44,666 --> 00:09:47,266
{\an1}was with ships because there
was no other way
212
00:09:47,300 --> 00:09:50,800
of transportation
or communication, like nowadays.
213
00:09:50,833 --> 00:09:53,600
{\an1}So this was really
a magical object.
214
00:09:53,633 --> 00:09:56,466
{\an1}It was like a floating church
or cathedral, you know,
215
00:09:56,500 --> 00:10:01,300
{\an1}it was the most sophisticated
object that mankind could build.
216
00:10:01,333 --> 00:10:06,100
{\an1}And, still, it comes
from a few trees, you know.
217
00:10:06,133 --> 00:10:09,433
{\an1}You go to the forest with an ax,
you cut the trees,
218
00:10:09,466 --> 00:10:11,366
{\an1}and then, with your work
and your knowledge,
219
00:10:11,400 --> 00:10:16,033
{\an1}you are able to build what
could be considered a spaceship.
220
00:10:16,066 --> 00:10:19,400
{\an8}♪♪♪
221
00:10:19,433 --> 00:10:21,866
{\an1}-The forests bear witness
to the impact
222
00:10:21,900 --> 00:10:24,166
of shipbuilding
throughout the centuries.
223
00:10:24,200 --> 00:10:26,900
{\an8}♪♪♪
224
00:10:26,933 --> 00:10:28,533
{\an7}-As the Basque countries
are small,
225
00:10:28,566 --> 00:10:33,600
{\an7}they had to manage
the forests very wisely
226
00:10:33,633 --> 00:10:37,300
{\an1}and so they were keeping the
trees in the shape they needed.
227
00:10:37,333 --> 00:10:41,800
{\an1}So they leave them grow upwards,
like two, three meters
228
00:10:41,833 --> 00:10:45,533
{\an1}and then, from that height,
they would grow branches
229
00:10:45,566 --> 00:10:49,200
{\an1}in the shape they needed
for shipbuilding.
230
00:10:49,233 --> 00:10:56,233
{\an8}♪♪♪
231
00:10:56,266 --> 00:11:00,900
{\an1}Now, I cannot come to a forest
without looking at the trees,
232
00:11:00,933 --> 00:11:04,666
{\an1}like looking for naval timber
on their branches.
233
00:11:04,700 --> 00:11:07,233
{\an1}-The original ship
had three masts
234
00:11:07,266 --> 00:11:12,266
{\an7}and was used to transport whale
oil back to Spain from Canada.
235
00:11:12,300 --> 00:11:16,700
{\an7}Few written plans or blueprints
of this type of galleon remain,
236
00:11:16,733 --> 00:11:18,500
{\an1}but Agote and his team
want the ship
237
00:11:18,533 --> 00:11:21,900
{\an1}to be as authentic
to the period as possible.
238
00:11:21,933 --> 00:11:24,400
{\an1}The ropes, iron nails,
and other elements
239
00:11:24,433 --> 00:11:28,200
{\an7}have all been made using
historically accurate tools,
240
00:11:28,233 --> 00:11:32,066
{\an1}just like those of the
Basque builders 500 years ago,
241
00:11:32,100 --> 00:11:36,133
{\an1}who outfitted a fleet that
could sail around the world.
242
00:11:36,166 --> 00:11:38,200
{\an1}-In the 16th century,
the entire coast
243
00:11:38,233 --> 00:11:42,333
{\an1}was filled with shipyards.
244
00:11:42,366 --> 00:11:45,000
{\an1}It was the main specialty,
you know,
245
00:11:45,033 --> 00:11:48,500
{\an1}because of the iron mines,
because of the oak forests.
246
00:11:48,533 --> 00:11:51,466
{\an1}So it was a society
that was meant
247
00:11:51,500 --> 00:11:53,266
{\an1}to build ships in that time.
248
00:11:53,300 --> 00:11:55,566
{\an1}Hundreds of people,
highly specialized,
249
00:11:55,600 --> 00:11:59,200
{\an1}building several boats and ships
at the same time, you know,
250
00:11:59,233 --> 00:12:02,100
{\an1}and one of them was
the
Nao Victoria,
251
00:12:02,133 --> 00:12:04,566
{\an1}that was probably built
very quickly.
252
00:12:04,600 --> 00:12:08,000
{\an1}I would say maybe three months.
253
00:12:08,033 --> 00:12:11,166
{\an1}-On the 20th of September 1519,
254
00:12:11,200 --> 00:12:14,666
{\an1}the five expedition ships
finally leave Spain.
255
00:12:14,700 --> 00:12:16,833
{\an8}♪♪♪
256
00:12:16,866 --> 00:12:19,733
{\an1}Magellan has negotiated
a detailed contract
257
00:12:19,766 --> 00:12:21,533
{\an1}with the Spanish king,
258
00:12:21,566 --> 00:12:26,333
{\an1}guaranteeing himself a handsome
share in the expected profits
259
00:12:26,366 --> 00:12:29,233
and making him
captain general of the fleet.
260
00:12:29,266 --> 00:12:31,500
{\an8}♪♪♪
261
00:12:31,533 --> 00:12:33,833
{\an1}But Magellan's Portuguese roots
262
00:12:33,866 --> 00:12:36,800
create tension
with the mostly Spanish crew.
263
00:12:36,833 --> 00:12:41,866
{\an8}♪♪♪
264
00:12:41,900 --> 00:12:45,533
{\an7}-He's surrounded by Spanish
captains, Spanish officers.
265
00:12:45,566 --> 00:12:47,033
{\an7}Most of his crew are Spanish,
266
00:12:47,066 --> 00:12:51,400
{\an7}although there are Germans,
English, and others onboard.
267
00:12:51,433 --> 00:12:54,333
{\an1}He is not in command
of a national expedition
268
00:12:54,366 --> 00:12:57,100
{\an1}and many of the Spanish leaders
do not trust him
269
00:12:57,133 --> 00:13:00,133
{\an1}and they despise him,
as a Portuguese.
270
00:13:00,166 --> 00:13:01,833
{\an1}-Fearing espionage,
271
00:13:01,866 --> 00:13:05,333
{\an1}Magellan keeps the details
of his plans to himself,
272
00:13:05,366 --> 00:13:07,800
{\an1}refusing to share information
with crewmen.
273
00:13:07,833 --> 00:13:13,066
{\an8}♪♪♪
274
00:13:13,100 --> 00:13:14,533
{\an1}The Portuguese are determined
275
00:13:14,566 --> 00:13:18,600
{\an1}to protect their interests
in the Spice Islands.
276
00:13:18,633 --> 00:13:22,933
{\an1}Magellan is sailing
in treacherous waters.
277
00:13:22,966 --> 00:13:25,866
{\an1}Spain and Portugal
are bitter adversaries,
278
00:13:25,900 --> 00:13:28,633
{\an1}fighting for control
of the open seas.
279
00:13:28,666 --> 00:13:34,933
{\an8}♪♪♪
280
00:13:34,966 --> 00:13:38,500
{\an1}Brokered by the Pope,
the Treaty of Tordesillas
281
00:13:38,533 --> 00:13:42,966
divided the world
into east and west,
282
00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:44,666
{\an7}two hemispheres separated
283
00:13:44,700 --> 00:13:48,133
{\an7}by an imaginary line running
down the Atlantic.
284
00:13:48,166 --> 00:13:55,800
{\an8}♪♪♪
285
00:13:55,833 --> 00:13:57,700
{\an7}While the treaty clearly divides
286
00:13:57,733 --> 00:14:00,400
{\an8}Europe, Africa,
and the Americas,
287
00:14:00,433 --> 00:14:02,400
{\an7}the other side of the world,
288
00:14:02,433 --> 00:14:05,666
{\an7}where Asia, including the
Spice Islands is located,
289
00:14:05,700 --> 00:14:07,233
{\an8}remains unknown.
290
00:14:07,266 --> 00:14:09,466
{\an8}♪♪♪
291
00:14:09,500 --> 00:14:12,866
{\an7}Any hope of Spain controlling
the islands depends
292
00:14:12,900 --> 00:14:16,033
{\an7}on Magellan finding
a direct western sea route
293
00:14:16,066 --> 00:14:18,733
{\an7}in the half of the world
Spain possesses.
294
00:14:18,766 --> 00:14:21,266
{\an8}♪♪♪
295
00:14:21,300 --> 00:14:25,333
{\an7}For Magellan, the voyage
means a return to Asia.
296
00:14:25,366 --> 00:14:26,766
{\an1}As a young soldier,
297
00:14:26,800 --> 00:14:29,966
{\an1}he fought for Portugal
in the conquest of Malacca,
298
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:34,633
{\an1}an important trading post
near today's Singapore.
299
00:14:34,666 --> 00:14:36,700
{\an1}Magellan's confidence comes
300
00:14:36,733 --> 00:14:39,800
from his previous
seafaring experience.
301
00:14:39,833 --> 00:14:41,966
{\an1}-What Magellan brought
to this was all
302
00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:44,266
of the knowledge
the Portuguese already had
303
00:14:44,300 --> 00:14:47,266
of how to get
to the Spice Islands.
304
00:14:47,300 --> 00:14:50,666
{\an1}-He even brought a Malay slave
back to Europe with him,
305
00:14:50,700 --> 00:14:54,600
Henrique,
who joins him on this voyage.
306
00:14:54,633 --> 00:14:56,766
{\an1}On that initial trip to Asia,
307
00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:59,866
{\an1}Magellan did not visit
the Spice Islands,
308
00:14:59,900 --> 00:15:01,500
but his friend
and brother-in-arms
309
00:15:01,533 --> 00:15:04,166
{\an1}Francisco Serrao stayed behind
310
00:15:04,200 --> 00:15:06,066
{\an1}and sent letters back
to Magellan,
311
00:15:06,100 --> 00:15:08,866
{\an1}describing an island paradise.
312
00:15:08,900 --> 00:15:10,400
{\an8}♪♪♪
313
00:15:10,433 --> 00:15:11,833
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
314
00:15:11,866 --> 00:15:14,400
-[Interpreter]
These letters are
enormously important.
315
00:15:14,433 --> 00:15:16,800
{\an7}There's one letter
where Magellan asks Serrao
316
00:15:16,833 --> 00:15:17,900
{\an8}to wait for him.
317
00:15:17,933 --> 00:15:19,633
{\an8}He didn't know
how he would get there,
318
00:15:19,666 --> 00:15:23,633
{\an7}via Portugal or Castille,
but he would come at any cost.
319
00:15:23,666 --> 00:15:26,066
{\an1}Plus, the letters also tell
of the riches
320
00:15:26,100 --> 00:15:28,233
in the Moluccas
and the exotic islands,
321
00:15:28,266 --> 00:15:30,433
this paradise
where Serrao lives,
322
00:15:30,466 --> 00:15:33,266
{\an1}and, for Magellan, that probably
added to the attraction.
323
00:15:33,300 --> 00:15:35,866
{\an1}[ Waves crashing ]
324
00:15:35,900 --> 00:15:38,533
-Magellan's fleet
finds the winds needed
325
00:15:38,566 --> 00:15:42,000
{\an1}to carry them south
in the Atlantic.
326
00:15:42,033 --> 00:15:45,066
But then,
without consulting the crew,
327
00:15:45,100 --> 00:15:47,666
{\an7}he orders the ships
to change course,
328
00:15:47,700 --> 00:15:51,333
{\an7}off the Cape Verde Islands.
329
00:15:51,366 --> 00:15:53,733
{\an8}The ships sail
to the southeast,
330
00:15:53,766 --> 00:15:56,566
{\an7}rather than moving west,
directly for Brazil.
331
00:15:56,600 --> 00:15:59,800
{\an8}♪♪♪
332
00:15:59,833 --> 00:16:01,300
{\an1}Perhaps he wants to lose
333
00:16:01,333 --> 00:16:04,766
Portuguese ships
that might be chasing him,
334
00:16:04,800 --> 00:16:08,400
or is seeking
a more favorable wind.
335
00:16:08,433 --> 00:16:11,333
{\an1}The crew would've accepted
either explanation,
336
00:16:11,366 --> 00:16:15,466
{\an1}but Magellan's silence only
worsens relations between them.
337
00:16:15,500 --> 00:16:21,266
{\an8}♪♪♪
338
00:16:21,300 --> 00:16:25,233
{\an1}After two months at sea,
the ships reach South America.
339
00:16:25,266 --> 00:16:28,700
{\an8}♪♪♪
340
00:16:28,733 --> 00:16:30,466
{\an1}And, two months after that,
341
00:16:30,500 --> 00:16:34,766
{\an1}they sail into a huge passageway
opening toward the west.
342
00:16:34,800 --> 00:16:38,600
{\an8}♪♪♪
343
00:16:38,633 --> 00:16:42,600
{\an1}Magellan spends 15 days
exploring the passage.
344
00:16:42,633 --> 00:16:45,000
{\an1}Has he really found
the dreamed-of path
345
00:16:45,033 --> 00:16:48,633
{\an1}so quickly and so easily?
346
00:16:48,666 --> 00:16:50,666
{\an1}Is this the long-desired route
347
00:16:50,700 --> 00:16:52,866
to the riches
of the Spice Islands?
348
00:16:52,900 --> 00:17:02,633
{\an8}♪♪♪
349
00:17:02,666 --> 00:17:04,533
{\an1}Magellan has gambled
everything
350
00:17:04,566 --> 00:17:07,000
{\an1}on finding a passage
to the Pacific.
351
00:17:17,100 --> 00:17:20,133
But the water
on which the ship sails...
352
00:17:20,166 --> 00:17:21,366
-[ Spits ]
353
00:17:21,400 --> 00:17:23,733
{\an1}...is not an ocean.
354
00:17:23,766 --> 00:17:24,800
{\an7}-[ Speaking German ]
355
00:17:24,833 --> 00:17:26,400
{\an8}-[Interpreter]
Magellan was disappointed
356
00:17:26,433 --> 00:17:28,800
{\an7}to taste fresh water,
a sign that they were
357
00:17:28,833 --> 00:17:32,066
{\an7}in the huge mouth of a river
denying them a passage.
358
00:17:32,100 --> 00:17:34,000
{\an7}They had to turn around.
359
00:17:34,033 --> 00:17:36,633
{\an7}Today, we know it was
the Río de la Plata,
360
00:17:36,666 --> 00:17:40,100
{\an7}where seafarers had been before
and said they saw no land,
361
00:17:40,133 --> 00:17:45,733
{\an7}so it had to be a passage,
something Magellan also assumed.
362
00:17:45,766 --> 00:17:47,400
{\an1}-Sailors returning from sea
363
00:17:47,433 --> 00:17:50,000
{\an1}and sharing their experience
with cartographers
364
00:17:50,033 --> 00:17:53,066
{\an1}mistook the vast mouth
of the Río de la Plata
365
00:17:53,100 --> 00:17:57,033
{\an1}for the Southern Coast
of the South American continent.
366
00:17:57,066 --> 00:17:59,200
{\an1}Magellan is depending on maps
367
00:17:59,233 --> 00:18:02,266
that have only
limited information.
368
00:18:02,300 --> 00:18:05,700
{\an8}♪♪♪
369
00:18:05,733 --> 00:18:07,400
{\an1}Despite this setback,
370
00:18:07,433 --> 00:18:10,333
{\an1}Magellan continues
to push his fleet further
371
00:18:10,366 --> 00:18:12,166
{\an1}into unchartered waters,
372
00:18:12,200 --> 00:18:14,766
without any sign
of a westward passage.
373
00:18:14,800 --> 00:18:17,500
{\an8}♪♪♪
374
00:18:17,533 --> 00:18:20,133
{\an1}Morale begins to flag.
375
00:18:20,166 --> 00:18:23,833
{\an1}The climate becomes colder
and wetter.
376
00:18:23,866 --> 00:18:27,066
Winter has begun
in the Southern Hemisphere.
377
00:18:27,100 --> 00:18:28,800
{\an8}♪♪♪
378
00:18:28,833 --> 00:18:33,900
{\an1}This is the farthest south
any European has ever sailed.
379
00:18:33,933 --> 00:18:38,500
{\an1}Icy winds from Antarctica
make the crew miserable.
380
00:18:38,533 --> 00:18:41,500
Confidence --
in Magellan and in his belief
381
00:18:41,533 --> 00:18:44,166
{\an1}in a western sea route
to the Spice Islands --
382
00:18:44,200 --> 00:18:46,366
begins to fail.
383
00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:49,633
And then,
to everyone's despair,
384
00:18:49,666 --> 00:18:53,433
{\an1}Magellan makes another
shocking decision.
385
00:18:53,466 --> 00:18:55,033
{\an1}-At the end of the first
year's voyage,
386
00:18:55,066 --> 00:18:56,500
they've reached
the Bay of San Julián,
387
00:18:56,533 --> 00:18:58,633
{\an1}down on the South Coast
of America,
388
00:18:58,666 --> 00:19:00,433
and Magellan has
to tell his people --
389
00:19:00,466 --> 00:19:02,866
{\an1}who are exhausted, weary,
390
00:19:02,900 --> 00:19:06,433
{\an1}and slightly frightened
at being beyond the map --
391
00:19:06,466 --> 00:19:08,366
{\an1}they're going to have
to stay there for the winter.
392
00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:09,733
They're going
to have to overwinter
393
00:19:09,766 --> 00:19:12,100
{\an1}in an inhospitable,
unpleasant place,
394
00:19:12,133 --> 00:19:15,966
{\an1}when it would be so much easier
to just turn round and go home.
395
00:19:16,000 --> 00:19:17,833
{\an1}This is what leadership
looks like.
396
00:19:17,866 --> 00:19:19,700
{\an1}He has to persuade
these people --
397
00:19:19,733 --> 00:19:21,366
{\an1}many of whom don't trust him,
398
00:19:21,400 --> 00:19:23,033
{\an1}a lot of whom don't like him --
399
00:19:23,066 --> 00:19:24,433
that he's right;
400
00:19:24,466 --> 00:19:27,300
{\an1}that the king of Spain has given
him authority to do this;
401
00:19:27,333 --> 00:19:29,500
{\an1}and that, if they don't do
as they're told,
402
00:19:29,533 --> 00:19:31,833
{\an1}he will punish them.
403
00:19:31,866 --> 00:19:33,766
{\an1}-In the Bay of San Julián,
404
00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:35,833
{\an1}the crew reaches its limit
405
00:19:35,866 --> 00:19:38,000
and rebels.
406
00:19:38,033 --> 00:19:39,766
{\an1}A mutiny breaks out,
407
00:19:39,800 --> 00:19:43,433
{\an1}but Magellan and a handful
of loyal allies crush it
408
00:19:43,466 --> 00:19:45,866
{\an1}with ruthless brutality.
409
00:19:45,900 --> 00:19:50,700
{\an1}Magellan has the ringleader
of the mutiny executed.
410
00:19:50,733 --> 00:19:53,633
Sebastián Elcano
joined the mutiny
411
00:19:53,666 --> 00:19:58,066
{\an1}and awaits Magellan's sentence,
along with 40 other sailors.
412
00:19:58,100 --> 00:20:02,966
{\an8}♪♪♪
413
00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:04,900
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
414
00:20:04,933 --> 00:20:07,766
-[Interpreter]
Elcano supports this mutiny
against Magellan.
415
00:20:07,800 --> 00:20:10,033
{\an8}We know that.
416
00:20:10,066 --> 00:20:13,533
{\an8}And we also know
how this mutiny ends.
417
00:20:13,566 --> 00:20:16,100
{\an7}It looks as if Elcano
was demoted,
418
00:20:16,133 --> 00:20:20,233
{\an1}but, unlike others,
spared of any severe punishment.
419
00:20:20,266 --> 00:20:22,633
{\an1}This was quite reasonable,
since Magellan needed
420
00:20:22,666 --> 00:20:26,700
{\an1}the experienced sailors
who knew how to navigate.
421
00:20:26,733 --> 00:20:29,700
{\an1}And among those were
the so-called masters
422
00:20:29,733 --> 00:20:32,600
{\an1}and Elcano was such
a master sailor
423
00:20:32,633 --> 00:20:35,833
{\an1}and knew how to navigate
such ships.
424
00:20:35,866 --> 00:20:40,600
{\an1}And so, he may have been
demoted, but he's not killed.
425
00:20:40,633 --> 00:20:47,700
{\an1}But, naturally, relationships
were damaged and at a low.
426
00:20:51,333 --> 00:20:54,866
{\an1}-With this demotion,
Elcano temporarily disappears
427
00:20:54,900 --> 00:20:57,366
{\an1}from any of the voyage's
official records.
428
00:21:00,066 --> 00:21:01,900
{\an1}But, in just 12 months,
429
00:21:01,933 --> 00:21:04,766
{\an1}as he continues to sail
around the world,
430
00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:07,466
his fortunes
would change dramatically.
431
00:21:10,100 --> 00:21:12,166
{\an1}The fleet waits out the winter
432
00:21:12,200 --> 00:21:16,466
{\an1}and spends seven months
in San Julián.
433
00:21:16,500 --> 00:21:21,766
{\an1}A year after they left Spain,
the crew set sail again.
434
00:21:21,800 --> 00:21:24,266
{\an1}Magellan feels the pressure.
435
00:21:24,300 --> 00:21:26,933
{\an1}If he does not find
the passage soon,
436
00:21:26,966 --> 00:21:28,966
the voyage
will have been a waste.
437
00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:35,300
{\an8}♪♪♪
438
00:21:35,333 --> 00:21:38,366
{\an1}But, just two weeks
after they return to sea,
439
00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:41,400
{\an1}another broad channel
opens to the west.
440
00:21:41,433 --> 00:21:43,233
{\an8}♪♪♪
441
00:21:43,266 --> 00:21:45,766
{\an1}Knowing what happened
at the Río de la Plata,
442
00:21:45,800 --> 00:21:48,700
Magellan sends
two scouting ships ahead.
443
00:21:48,733 --> 00:21:50,466
{\an8}♪♪♪
444
00:21:50,500 --> 00:21:53,733
Those left behind
can do nothing but wait.
445
00:21:53,766 --> 00:21:57,200
{\an8}♪♪♪
446
00:21:57,233 --> 00:21:58,266
-iMiran!
447
00:21:58,300 --> 00:22:00,300
iMiran el barco!
448
00:22:00,333 --> 00:22:04,633
-Magellan knows
this is his last chance.
449
00:22:04,666 --> 00:22:07,600
{\an1}The crew will not accept
another disappointment.
450
00:22:07,633 --> 00:22:10,000
{\an8}♪♪♪
451
00:22:10,033 --> 00:22:11,600
{\an8}[ Two blasts ]
452
00:22:11,633 --> 00:22:17,600
{\an8}♪♪♪
453
00:22:17,633 --> 00:22:23,500
{\an8}♪♪♪
454
00:22:23,533 --> 00:22:25,266
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
-And that
455
00:22:25,300 --> 00:22:29,533
{\an1}is an extremely happy moment
for Magellan.
456
00:22:29,566 --> 00:22:32,200
{\an7}Of course he was extremely
excited about it.
457
00:22:32,233 --> 00:22:34,733
{\an7}I mean, there were
rebellions and mutinies
458
00:22:34,766 --> 00:22:36,866
{\an7}and he really had his share
of troubles,
459
00:22:36,900 --> 00:22:40,333
{\an1}caused by nature, itself,
but also by his own crew.
460
00:22:40,366 --> 00:22:44,633
{\an1}And so, at this moment, he was
vindicated as a good captain
461
00:22:44,666 --> 00:22:48,066
{\an1}because he had led his men
to a good destination
462
00:22:48,100 --> 00:22:49,500
{\an1}that can make them rich.
463
00:22:49,533 --> 00:22:52,400
{\an1}Basically, they were
at the doorstep to wealth
464
00:22:52,433 --> 00:23:00,300
{\an1}and that's why he was very,
very
465
00:22:52,433 --> 00:23:00,300
happy.
466
00:23:00,333 --> 00:23:04,066
{\an1}-Magellan has achieved
the first goal of the voyage --
467
00:23:04,100 --> 00:23:07,733
{\an1}finding a western route
to the Pacific.
468
00:23:07,766 --> 00:23:10,900
{\an1}But then, he quickly suffers
another setback.
469
00:23:10,933 --> 00:23:13,233
{\an1}The
San Antonio
and her crew
470
00:23:13,266 --> 00:23:15,533
disappear.
471
00:23:15,566 --> 00:23:18,400
{\an1}It's a devastating loss.
472
00:23:18,433 --> 00:23:20,766
{\an1}The ship was the largest
in the fleet
473
00:23:20,800 --> 00:23:25,333
{\an1}and carried indispensable
equipment and vital provisions.
474
00:23:25,366 --> 00:23:28,500
{\an1}And the
San Antonio
made its way back to Spain,
475
00:23:28,533 --> 00:23:32,400
{\an1}with disastrous consequences
for Magellan.
476
00:23:32,433 --> 00:23:34,166
-The desertion
of the
San Antonio
477
00:23:34,200 --> 00:23:36,600
{\an1}has two terrible consequences.
478
00:23:36,633 --> 00:23:38,400
{\an7}Magellan runs out of food,
479
00:23:38,433 --> 00:23:41,600
{\an7}but, more importantly,
it gets back to Spain,
480
00:23:41,633 --> 00:23:44,800
{\an7}there's a court-martial,
and the Portuguese hear
481
00:23:44,833 --> 00:23:47,233
that Magellan
has entered the Pacific.
482
00:23:47,266 --> 00:23:50,033
{\an1}From this point on,
Magellan is a hunted man.
483
00:23:50,066 --> 00:23:51,866
{\an1}The Portuguese are
out to stop him
484
00:23:51,900 --> 00:23:53,666
{\an1}and they are not going
to do anything,
485
00:23:53,700 --> 00:23:57,400
{\an1}other than kill every last
person onboard this expedition.
486
00:23:57,433 --> 00:23:59,300
This is a secret
they need to preserve.
487
00:23:59,333 --> 00:24:01,866
{\an1}The Spice Islands are the source
of their wealth.
488
00:24:01,900 --> 00:24:03,033
{\an1}They will kill everybody.
489
00:24:03,066 --> 00:24:05,966
{\an8}♪♪♪
490
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:08,166
{\an1}-The problems continue.
491
00:24:08,200 --> 00:24:10,666
{\an1}A ship runs aground.
492
00:24:10,700 --> 00:24:14,166
{\an1}The three remaining ships sail
slowly through the rocky maze
493
00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:15,733
{\an1}of what today are called
494
00:24:15,766 --> 00:24:18,966
{\an1}the Straits of Magellan.
495
00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:20,700
{\an1}Antonio Pigafetta,
496
00:24:20,733 --> 00:24:23,400
{\an1}one of the men who made
the complete voyage,
497
00:24:23,433 --> 00:24:27,200
{\an1}chronicled what he observed
aboard the ship.
498
00:24:27,233 --> 00:24:28,733
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
499
00:24:28,766 --> 00:24:32,433
{\an1}-Pigafetta's story is
of
great
interest to us,
500
00:24:32,466 --> 00:24:34,300
{\an1}since he is the first to write
501
00:24:34,333 --> 00:24:42,033
{\an1}about the indigenous people
he met up north in Patagonia.
502
00:24:42,066 --> 00:24:44,466
{\an1}And also, when passing
through the strait,
503
00:24:44,500 --> 00:24:47,800
{\an1}Magellan describes signs
of people in Terra del Fuego.
504
00:24:47,833 --> 00:24:54,466
{\an1}He saw fire and columns
of smoke everywhere.
505
00:24:54,500 --> 00:24:58,133
{\an1}-He gives this barren stretch
of land its name --
506
00:24:58,166 --> 00:25:01,900
{\an1}Tierra del Fuego,
"Land of Fire."
507
00:25:03,666 --> 00:25:07,466
{\an1}Even now, 500 years later,
Magellan is celebrated
508
00:25:07,500 --> 00:25:12,800
{\an1}for discovering Tierra del Fuego
and the straits.
509
00:25:12,833 --> 00:25:14,500
{\an1}But little attention
has been paid
510
00:25:14,533 --> 00:25:17,266
to the fate
of the indigenous population,
511
00:25:17,300 --> 00:25:19,900
{\an1}who had lived there
for thousands of years
512
00:25:19,933 --> 00:25:24,000
{\an1}and included the Kawésqar,
Selk'nam, and Yaghan people.
513
00:25:24,033 --> 00:25:25,300
{\an8}♪♪♪
514
00:25:25,333 --> 00:25:26,733
{\an7}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
515
00:25:26,766 --> 00:25:28,733
{\an8}-[Interpreter]
We are not celebrating
516
00:25:28,766 --> 00:25:32,966
{\an7}the 500-year anniversary,
517
00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:36,000
since it marks
the ensuing disappearance
518
00:25:36,033 --> 00:25:39,566
{\an1}of ancient civilizations,
519
00:25:39,600 --> 00:25:43,500
{\an1}rape, death, arrests, poisoning,
520
00:25:43,533 --> 00:25:46,366
and the vanishing
of ethnic identities.
521
00:25:46,400 --> 00:25:49,933
{\an1}And this place was not called
Magellan's,
522
00:25:49,966 --> 00:25:54,866
but Kawésqar,
a part of the Kawésqar land.
523
00:25:57,033 --> 00:25:58,966
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
524
00:25:59,000 --> 00:26:03,766
-[Interpreter]
The Europeans have not
discovered anything at all.
525
00:26:03,800 --> 00:26:05,800
{\an1}They kidnapped the locals
526
00:26:05,833 --> 00:26:08,800
and dragged them
to various places,
527
00:26:08,833 --> 00:26:15,533
even Germany,
to be part of a human zoo.
528
00:26:15,566 --> 00:26:17,700
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
529
00:26:17,733 --> 00:26:19,166
-[Interpreter]
In the process,
530
00:26:19,200 --> 00:26:22,766
{\an1}the people were taken
away from their culture
531
00:26:22,800 --> 00:26:24,466
{\an1}and this happened in an area
532
00:26:24,500 --> 00:26:28,066
{\an1}where the Kawésqar,
who did not speak Spanish,
533
00:26:28,100 --> 00:26:33,000
{\an1}did not understand
the newly established order.
534
00:26:33,033 --> 00:26:38,966
{\an1}Many were shot and driven
from their temporary campsites.
535
00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:40,233
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
536
00:26:40,266 --> 00:26:41,366
-[Interpreter]
But since the Kawésqar
537
00:26:41,400 --> 00:26:44,100
{\an1}were excellent navigators,
538
00:26:44,133 --> 00:26:46,533
many were able
to escape that mission.
539
00:26:46,566 --> 00:26:50,833
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
540
00:26:50,866 --> 00:26:53,300
-[Interpreter]
But this is what was here before
541
00:26:53,333 --> 00:26:56,766
and even shortly
after Magellan came here
542
00:26:56,800 --> 00:27:01,200
{\an1}and he presumed to be
called a discoverer.
543
00:27:01,233 --> 00:27:05,733
{\an1}-Today, these people
celebrate their heritage.
544
00:27:05,766 --> 00:27:07,866
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
545
00:27:07,900 --> 00:27:12,733
-[Interpreter]
I am proud to have
this ancestral lineage
546
00:27:12,766 --> 00:27:17,833
{\an1}and it fills me with energy
as well, as it manifests.
547
00:27:17,866 --> 00:27:21,066
{\an1}-Historian Andrew Lambert
offers an explanation
548
00:27:21,100 --> 00:27:25,300
{\an1}for the Europeans' violent
and oppressive colonial tactics.
549
00:27:25,333 --> 00:27:27,166
{\an1}-Now, we look at the world
to understand.
550
00:27:27,200 --> 00:27:29,400
{\an1}They looked at the world
to control, to subjugate,
551
00:27:29,433 --> 00:27:30,700
and to exploit.
552
00:27:30,733 --> 00:27:33,266
{\an1}That it's the right and duty
of Christian Europeans
553
00:27:33,300 --> 00:27:36,800
{\an1}to dominate the world, at the
expense of all other peoples,
554
00:27:36,833 --> 00:27:40,166
{\an1}and everybody else they meet
must convert to their faiths,
555
00:27:40,200 --> 00:27:42,833
{\an1}follow their rules,
obey their orders.
556
00:27:42,866 --> 00:27:47,933
{\an1}It's a whole different world
and Magellan is of that world.
557
00:27:47,966 --> 00:27:50,066
-The Spanish hope
to use the passage
558
00:27:50,100 --> 00:27:54,033
to defend their
Pacific territories.
559
00:27:54,066 --> 00:27:55,966
They attempted
to establish a settlement
560
00:27:56,000 --> 00:27:57,500
{\an1}on the north shore
of the straits
561
00:27:57,533 --> 00:28:00,233
several times
over the next 50 years.
562
00:28:03,300 --> 00:28:08,433
{\an1}The country sent dozens of ships
and
thousands
of soldiers.
563
00:28:08,466 --> 00:28:10,533
{\an1}The results were disastrous.
564
00:28:10,566 --> 00:28:14,766
{\an1}-[ Conversing in Spanish ]
565
00:28:14,800 --> 00:28:16,366
{\an7}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
566
00:28:16,400 --> 00:28:18,233
{\an8}-[Interpreter]
And then, the fatal ending --
567
00:28:18,266 --> 00:28:22,566
{\an7}within the space of a few years,
they were all dead.
568
00:28:22,600 --> 00:28:23,900
{\an1}There were two survivors
569
00:28:23,933 --> 00:28:28,333
and, in the end,
only one of them was left.
570
00:28:28,366 --> 00:28:33,200
{\an1}They christened the city
Port of Hunger, Famine.
571
00:28:33,233 --> 00:28:35,300
{\an1}Different designations
were used on maps,
572
00:28:35,333 --> 00:28:37,466
{\an1}but they all referred
to either hunger,
573
00:28:37,500 --> 00:28:43,033
{\an1}bad luck, failure, or misery.
574
00:28:45,666 --> 00:28:49,366
-But Magellan
must keep sailing west.
575
00:28:49,400 --> 00:28:53,300
{\an1}Facing dwindling provisions
and the loss of two ships,
576
00:28:53,333 --> 00:28:55,466
he cannot afford
to spend much time
577
00:28:55,500 --> 00:28:59,166
{\an1}at the southern tip
of the Americas.
578
00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:01,133
{\an1}And, after four weeks,
579
00:29:01,166 --> 00:29:03,266
the vastness
of the Pacific Ocean
580
00:29:03,300 --> 00:29:07,333
stretches
before Magellan's fleet.
581
00:29:07,366 --> 00:29:09,366
{\an1}-The discovery of the passage
582
00:29:09,400 --> 00:29:12,100
faces Magellan
with a huge problem.
583
00:29:12,133 --> 00:29:14,166
{\an1}He thinks the islands
that he's heading for
584
00:29:14,200 --> 00:29:17,233
{\an1}are a few weeks away, so,
instead of stopping
585
00:29:17,266 --> 00:29:21,433
{\an1}and gathering as much provision
as he can on the coast,
586
00:29:21,466 --> 00:29:22,833
{\an1}he decides to take a risk.
587
00:29:22,866 --> 00:29:23,900
{\an1}They'll just set off.
588
00:29:23,933 --> 00:29:26,400
They'll go now
and it'll be fine.
589
00:29:26,433 --> 00:29:28,066
{\an1}They'll arrive in the
Spice Islands.
590
00:29:28,100 --> 00:29:29,233
{\an1}His friend lives there.
591
00:29:29,266 --> 00:29:30,366
{\an1}They will pick up supplies.
592
00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:31,500
It'll be good.
593
00:29:31,533 --> 00:29:33,666
{\an1}So he takes a big decision
594
00:29:33,700 --> 00:29:36,066
and, this time,
it's the wrong decision
595
00:29:36,100 --> 00:29:38,866
{\an1}and it's going to cost
a lot of men their lives.
596
00:29:38,900 --> 00:29:41,000
{\an1}It's going to compromise
the expedition
597
00:29:41,033 --> 00:29:43,500
{\an1}and it could've led
to an absolute disaster.
598
00:29:45,866 --> 00:29:47,933
{\an1}-Magellan believes
the Spice Islands
599
00:29:47,966 --> 00:29:51,933
are roughly
600 nautical miles away.
600
00:29:51,966 --> 00:29:56,233
{\an1}In reality, the actual distance
is 30 times that --
601
00:29:56,266 --> 00:30:01,300
{\an1}20,000
602
00:29:56,266 --> 00:30:01,300
nautical miles lie
between him and his destination.
603
00:30:01,333 --> 00:30:02,933
{\an1}-So it's a question of scale.
604
00:30:02,966 --> 00:30:05,066
{\an1}His world is half the size
of the real world
605
00:30:05,100 --> 00:30:09,100
{\an1}and that nearly destroyed
his expedition.
606
00:30:09,133 --> 00:30:14,933
{\an1}-The Pacific becomes a graveyard
for Magellan's crew.
607
00:30:14,966 --> 00:30:18,200
{\an1}Pigafetta, the voyage's
chronicler, writes,
608
00:30:18,233 --> 00:30:20,833
{\an7}"And we ate all biscuit
turned to powder,
609
00:30:20,866 --> 00:30:23,933
{\an8}all full of worms
and stinking of urine,
610
00:30:23,966 --> 00:30:27,966
{\an1}which the rats made on it,
having eaten the good.
611
00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:32,033
{\an1}And we drank water impure
and yellow.
612
00:30:32,066 --> 00:30:35,333
{\an1}And every time someone
had drawn his last breath,
613
00:30:35,366 --> 00:30:39,500
{\an1}Magellan quickly committed
their bodies to the sea.
614
00:30:39,533 --> 00:30:43,533
{\an1}He probably feared some of his
crew could turn into cannibals.
615
00:30:43,566 --> 00:30:45,000
{\an8}♪♪♪
616
00:30:45,033 --> 00:30:46,066
{\an8}-[ Grunts ]
617
00:30:46,100 --> 00:30:51,800
{\an8}♪♪♪
618
00:30:51,833 --> 00:30:53,866
-Magellan doesn't
understand why,
619
00:30:53,900 --> 00:30:57,266
{\an1}after two months in the
scorching heat of the Pacific,
620
00:30:57,300 --> 00:31:01,033
{\an1}they have not reached land.
621
00:31:01,066 --> 00:31:04,200
{\an1}Where are the eagerly
awaited Spice Islands?
622
00:31:04,233 --> 00:31:07,266
{\an1}-[ Hyperventilating ]
623
00:31:07,300 --> 00:31:09,400
{\an8}♪♪♪
624
00:31:09,433 --> 00:31:11,733
{\an1}-Guided by the Sun
and the stars,
625
00:31:11,766 --> 00:31:15,700
{\an1}Magellan is able to determine
the latitude of his position.
626
00:31:15,733 --> 00:31:17,200
{\an1}He knows, relatively well,
627
00:31:17,233 --> 00:31:21,033
{\an1}his exact position north
or south on the globe.
628
00:31:21,066 --> 00:31:22,433
{\an1}What he cannot measure
629
00:31:22,466 --> 00:31:26,766
{\an1}is his east-west position,
his longitude.
630
00:31:26,800 --> 00:31:29,566
{\an1}-This proves critical
in Magellan's voyage
631
00:31:29,600 --> 00:31:32,100
{\an1}because, as he leaves
the Magellan Straits,
632
00:31:32,133 --> 00:31:34,866
{\an1}he thinks he's only a few days,
maybe a week or two,
633
00:31:34,900 --> 00:31:36,433
{\an1}away from the Spice Islands,
634
00:31:36,466 --> 00:31:38,133
so he's looking
for those islands
635
00:31:38,166 --> 00:31:39,366
{\an1}day after day after day,
636
00:31:39,400 --> 00:31:41,033
{\an1}and they're not going
to be there.
637
00:31:41,066 --> 00:31:43,666
{\an1}He's about to cross
the biggest ocean in the world
638
00:31:43,700 --> 00:31:46,033
{\an1}and he thinks it's a pond.
639
00:31:46,066 --> 00:31:48,200
{\an1}The irony, ultimately,
of Magellan, is
640
00:31:48,233 --> 00:31:51,166
{\an1}he proves his point,
but he has to go
way
beyond
641
00:31:51,200 --> 00:31:53,166
what he expected
would be necessary.
642
00:31:53,200 --> 00:31:54,666
{\an1}He has to take his men,
643
00:31:54,700 --> 00:31:57,333
{\an1}not just to the jaws of death,
but beyond.
644
00:31:57,366 --> 00:31:58,600
{\an1}He has to take them through that
645
00:31:58,633 --> 00:32:00,300
and bring them
out the other side.
646
00:32:00,333 --> 00:32:03,433
{\an1}It's a tremendous feat
of human endurance,
647
00:32:03,466 --> 00:32:06,533
but, above all,
of compelling leadership.
648
00:32:06,566 --> 00:32:15,466
{\an8}♪♪♪
649
00:32:15,500 --> 00:32:19,233
-Land! Land ahoy!
650
00:32:19,266 --> 00:32:20,800
Land ahoy!
651
00:32:20,833 --> 00:32:23,700
{\an8}♪♪♪
652
00:32:23,733 --> 00:32:27,033
{\an1}-On March 16, 1521,
653
00:32:27,066 --> 00:32:30,100
a year and a half
after leaving Spain,
654
00:32:30,133 --> 00:32:33,266
{\an1}Magellan's emaciated crew
make landfall.
655
00:32:33,300 --> 00:32:37,500
{\an8}♪♪♪
656
00:32:37,533 --> 00:32:40,400
{\an1}They spent 100 days drifting
through the Pacific
657
00:32:40,433 --> 00:32:42,333
{\an1}before casting anchor
on the shores
658
00:32:42,366 --> 00:32:44,966
of what are today
the Philippine Islands.
659
00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:47,533
{\an8}♪♪♪
660
00:32:47,566 --> 00:32:49,366
{\an1}For Magellan and his crew,
661
00:32:49,400 --> 00:32:52,266
the islands feel
like heaven on Earth,
662
00:32:52,300 --> 00:32:54,800
{\an1}even though they still don't
know where they've landed.
663
00:32:54,833 --> 00:33:03,900
{\an8}♪♪♪
664
00:33:03,933 --> 00:33:08,300
{\an1}Magellan is sure they must be
close to the Spice Islands,
665
00:33:08,333 --> 00:33:11,833
{\an1}but that also means
the Portuguese could be nearby,
666
00:33:11,866 --> 00:33:14,633
{\an1}coming from the other direction.
667
00:33:14,666 --> 00:33:16,700
If they find him,
they will stop him
668
00:33:16,733 --> 00:33:19,433
from laying claim
to the islands' resources,
669
00:33:19,466 --> 00:33:22,533
as negotiated
by the Treaty of Tordesillas.
670
00:33:22,566 --> 00:33:25,233
{\an1}-The great problem with the
Treaty of Tordesillas is
671
00:33:25,266 --> 00:33:26,600
{\an1}they knew where the Atlantic was
672
00:33:26,633 --> 00:33:29,300
{\an1}and they divided it very neatly
down the middle.
673
00:33:29,333 --> 00:33:31,066
The problem was,
on the other side of the globe,
674
00:33:31,100 --> 00:33:33,400
{\an1}nobody really knew
how big the world was
675
00:33:33,433 --> 00:33:34,700
{\an1}or where the line came,
676
00:33:34,733 --> 00:33:37,533
so nobody knew
who owned the Spice Islands.
677
00:33:37,566 --> 00:33:39,533
The most valuable
real estate on Earth was
678
00:33:39,566 --> 00:33:41,833
{\an1}in unknown territory.
679
00:33:41,866 --> 00:33:46,100
{\an1}Claiming it and owning it
would be the key to success,
680
00:33:46,133 --> 00:33:47,833
{\an1}but proving that would lead
681
00:33:47,866 --> 00:33:51,133
{\an1}to many misfortunes
along the way.
682
00:33:51,166 --> 00:33:52,533
-When successful,
683
00:33:52,566 --> 00:33:56,566
{\an1}these voyages of discovery
become part of history.
684
00:33:56,600 --> 00:34:03,000
{\an1}But far more often, they ended
in failure and the loss of life.
685
00:34:03,033 --> 00:34:05,400
{\an1}As soon as the crewmen
regained their strength,
686
00:34:05,433 --> 00:34:07,966
{\an1}Magellan set sail again.
687
00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:09,666
{\an1}On the Island of Cebu,
688
00:34:09,700 --> 00:34:12,233
{\an1}he forges an alliance
with its ruler
689
00:34:12,266 --> 00:34:14,700
and is drawn
into a local conflict.
690
00:34:14,733 --> 00:34:19,133
{\an8}♪♪♪
691
00:34:19,166 --> 00:34:23,900
{\an1}To demonstrate the superiority
of his religion and his power,
692
00:34:23,933 --> 00:34:26,000
Magellan decides
to make an example
693
00:34:26,033 --> 00:34:29,200
{\an1}of the local rebels' leader,
Lapulapu.
694
00:34:29,233 --> 00:34:32,200
-[Shouting]
695
00:34:32,233 --> 00:34:36,266
{\an8}♪♪♪
696
00:34:36,300 --> 00:34:38,233
{\an1}-Hoping to impress
the new allies
697
00:34:38,266 --> 00:34:40,700
{\an1}with the military skill
of his men,
698
00:34:40,733 --> 00:34:43,833
Magellan declines
the offer of reinforcements.
699
00:34:43,866 --> 00:34:45,733
-[ Grunting ]
700
00:34:45,766 --> 00:34:51,333
{\an8}♪♪♪
701
00:34:51,366 --> 00:34:53,666
-But Magellan
deeply underestimates
702
00:34:53,700 --> 00:34:56,600
{\an1}the men he is fighting.
703
00:34:56,633 --> 00:34:59,466
{\an1}Lapulapu is a keen
strategic thinker
704
00:34:59,500 --> 00:35:01,966
{\an1}and battle-hardened warrior.
705
00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:05,666
{\an1}Each of his tattoos symbolizes
a victorious battle.
706
00:35:05,700 --> 00:35:13,833
{\an8}♪♪♪
707
00:35:13,866 --> 00:35:15,000
{\an8}[ Gunshot ]
708
00:35:15,033 --> 00:35:23,600
{\an8}♪♪♪
709
00:35:23,633 --> 00:35:32,000
{\an8}♪♪♪
710
00:35:32,033 --> 00:35:36,666
{\an1}Ultimately, Magellan's
overconfidence proves fatal.
711
00:35:36,700 --> 00:35:41,033
{\an8}♪♪♪
712
00:35:41,066 --> 00:35:44,566
{\an1}On April 27, 1521,
713
00:35:44,600 --> 00:35:49,566
{\an1}he dies without ever having
reached the Spice Islands.
714
00:35:49,600 --> 00:35:50,800
{\an1}-After Magellan's death,
715
00:35:50,833 --> 00:35:53,433
{\an1}the Spanish leaders
were ambushed.
716
00:35:53,466 --> 00:35:56,000
{\an1}They were wiped out
717
00:35:56,033 --> 00:35:57,800
{\an8}and this left
just one man standing
718
00:35:57,833 --> 00:36:00,533
{\an7}who could really take
the expedition back home again.
719
00:36:00,566 --> 00:36:03,300
{\an8}It was the sailor
Sebastián Elcano, the Basque.
720
00:36:03,333 --> 00:36:05,066
He was the man
who would ultimately have
721
00:36:05,100 --> 00:36:06,666
{\an1}to bring the expedition home
722
00:36:06,700 --> 00:36:08,866
{\an1}because everybody else
in a leadership role
723
00:36:08,900 --> 00:36:10,966
{\an1}had been killed or had died.
724
00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:14,800
{\an8}♪♪♪
725
00:36:14,833 --> 00:36:16,466
{\an7}-With the death of Magellan
726
00:36:16,500 --> 00:36:19,600
{\an8}and most of the
high-ranking officers,
727
00:36:19,633 --> 00:36:23,200
{\an7}Sebastián Elcano must now
lead the expedition.
728
00:36:29,300 --> 00:36:32,566
{\an1}After the mutiny a year earlier,
in San Julián,
729
00:36:32,600 --> 00:36:34,100
{\an1}this is the first time
730
00:36:34,133 --> 00:36:37,000
{\an1}Elcano is mentioned again
in official records.
731
00:36:37,033 --> 00:36:41,833
{\an8}♪♪♪
732
00:36:41,866 --> 00:36:45,500
{\an1}His first decision is
to leave the
Concepción,
733
00:36:45,533 --> 00:36:48,700
{\an1}the third remaining ship,
behind.
734
00:36:48,733 --> 00:36:51,833
{\an1}It is not fit for the challenges
of the voyage to come.
735
00:36:51,866 --> 00:36:57,700
{\an8}♪♪♪
736
00:36:57,733 --> 00:36:59,800
{\an1}Once empty of supplies,
737
00:36:59,833 --> 00:37:02,900
{\an1}the crew sinks the ship
off the Philippines,
738
00:37:02,933 --> 00:37:05,133
leaving no trace
of their presence.
739
00:37:05,166 --> 00:37:10,266
{\an8}♪♪♪
740
00:37:10,300 --> 00:37:13,733
Elcano sails on
with the two remaining ships,
741
00:37:13,766 --> 00:37:16,000
{\an1}the
Trinidad
and the
Victoria.
742
00:37:16,033 --> 00:37:18,466
{\an8}♪♪♪
743
00:37:18,500 --> 00:37:21,866
{\an1}The search for the Spice Islands
continues unsuccessfully
744
00:37:21,900 --> 00:37:23,566
{\an1}for another two months.
745
00:37:23,600 --> 00:37:27,966
{\an8}♪♪♪
746
00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:31,933
{\an1}And then, more than two years
into the voyage,
747
00:37:31,966 --> 00:37:34,866
{\an1}the long-searched-for
destination appears
748
00:37:34,900 --> 00:37:37,533
on the horizon --
749
00:37:37,566 --> 00:37:39,200
{\an1}the Spice Islands,
750
00:37:39,233 --> 00:37:41,933
{\an1}with their promise
of immense wealth.
751
00:37:41,966 --> 00:37:46,100
{\an8}♪♪♪
752
00:37:46,133 --> 00:37:50,300
{\an7}Pigafetta recorded this moment
in his travel diary.
753
00:37:50,333 --> 00:37:54,233
{\an8}"On Friday,
the 8th of November 1521,
754
00:37:54,266 --> 00:37:57,633
{\an7}we entered the port
of an island called Tidore
755
00:37:57,666 --> 00:38:00,633
{\an1}and, after anchoring
in a depth of 20 fathoms,
756
00:38:00,666 --> 00:38:03,133
we discharged
all our artillery."
757
00:38:03,166 --> 00:38:06,200
{\an8}♪♪♪
758
00:38:06,233 --> 00:38:11,266
{\an1}The arrival of the Europeans
begins centuries of colonization
759
00:38:11,300 --> 00:38:13,533
{\an1}and memories of Elcano
and the sailors
760
00:38:13,566 --> 00:38:17,166
remain vivid
on the small island today.
761
00:38:17,200 --> 00:38:20,600
{\an1}-[ Speaking native language ]
762
00:38:20,633 --> 00:38:24,966
-[Interpreter]
When the
Trinidad
and
Victoria
entered Matara Bay,
763
00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:27,166
{\an7}they knew that the capital
of Tidore
764
00:38:27,200 --> 00:38:30,933
{\an7}was located here in Maluku
765
00:38:30,966 --> 00:38:33,600
{\an7}and that's why Sebastián Elcano
766
00:38:33,633 --> 00:38:36,466
{\an1}ordered 20 cannon shots
to honor them.
767
00:38:36,500 --> 00:38:40,533
{\an1}-[ Speaking native language ]
768
00:38:40,566 --> 00:38:45,666
{\an1}-Sultan al-Mansur appeared
and he lifted his hands up.
769
00:38:45,700 --> 00:38:48,400
{\an1}A long time before,
he'd had a dream
770
00:38:48,433 --> 00:38:49,700
{\an1}and it came true --
771
00:38:49,733 --> 00:38:52,633
the Europeans,
particularly the Spaniards,
772
00:38:52,666 --> 00:38:56,200
{\an1}will bring prosperity.
773
00:38:56,233 --> 00:38:57,733
{\an1}-But is the Europeans
774
00:38:57,766 --> 00:39:01,600
{\an1}who benefit the most
from this new prosperity.
775
00:39:01,633 --> 00:39:05,033
{\an1}At that time, the spices
could fetch a purchase price
776
00:39:05,066 --> 00:39:10,366
{\an1}easily multiplied by 1,000
when sold to Europeans markets.
777
00:39:10,400 --> 00:39:14,566
{\an1}The profit margins
were astronomical
778
00:39:14,600 --> 00:39:16,466
{\an1}and the tiny volcanic islands
779
00:39:16,500 --> 00:39:19,166
become part
of the global conflict
780
00:39:19,200 --> 00:39:21,200
{\an1}between Spain and Portugal.
781
00:39:22,533 --> 00:39:24,466
{\an1}-[ Speaking native language ]
-[Interpreter] The Portuguese
782
00:39:24,500 --> 00:39:28,600
{\an1}were already on Ternate in 1512.
783
00:39:28,633 --> 00:39:33,266
Ten years later,
the Spaniards arrived at Tidore.
784
00:39:33,300 --> 00:39:35,733
{\an1}Although the two islands
are right net to each other,
785
00:39:35,766 --> 00:39:39,233
{\an1}there has always been
a great rivalry.
786
00:39:39,266 --> 00:39:44,000
{\an1}Tidore and Ternate were enemies
at that time.
787
00:39:44,033 --> 00:39:46,433
-The arrival
of the warring Europeans
788
00:39:46,466 --> 00:39:51,266
{\an1}only emphasizes the conflict
between the two islands.
789
00:39:51,300 --> 00:39:54,566
{\an1}Today's crown prince of Ternate
is a direct descendant
790
00:39:54,600 --> 00:39:58,600
{\an1}of the family that's ruled
the island since Elcano arrived.
791
00:39:58,633 --> 00:40:00,366
{\an1}The current heir to the throne
792
00:40:00,400 --> 00:40:03,333
{\an1}views the initial encounters
with Europeans
793
00:40:03,366 --> 00:40:07,166
{\an1}as a meeting of exchange,
not domination.
794
00:40:07,200 --> 00:40:09,100
{\an1}-[ Speaking native language ]
-[Interpreter] It just happened
795
00:40:09,133 --> 00:40:12,666
{\an1}that the trigger for interaction
among us and the Europeans
796
00:40:12,700 --> 00:40:15,200
{\an7}were cloves and nutmeg.
797
00:40:15,233 --> 00:40:17,400
{\an7}When they arrived in search
of these spices,
798
00:40:17,433 --> 00:40:20,066
{\an7}they also brought over
technologies.
799
00:40:20,100 --> 00:40:23,233
{\an7}But that doesn't mean they came
to a primitive country.
800
00:40:23,266 --> 00:40:26,833
{\an1}No, we were civilized,
just like the Europeans.
801
00:40:26,866 --> 00:40:28,400
{\an1}If anything, back then,
802
00:40:28,433 --> 00:40:32,533
{\an1}the Europeans were still
in the Dark Age.
803
00:40:33,900 --> 00:40:36,133
{\an1}-[ Speaking native language ]
804
00:40:36,166 --> 00:40:38,333
-[Interpreter]
We know that, back then,
our civilization,
805
00:40:38,366 --> 00:40:41,366
{\an1}in terms of technology,
was still simple.
806
00:40:41,400 --> 00:40:44,433
{\an1}Our swords were still short.
807
00:40:44,466 --> 00:40:45,966
{\an1}After the Europeans came,
808
00:40:46,000 --> 00:40:49,066
we were able
to create long ones.
809
00:40:49,100 --> 00:40:50,933
{\an1}Our ships were small.
810
00:40:50,966 --> 00:40:52,400
{\an1}After the Europeans came,
811
00:40:52,433 --> 00:40:55,633
{\an1}we were able to build
a big ship named
Kagunga.
812
00:40:55,666 --> 00:40:58,133
{\an1}Kagunga
813
00:40:55,666 --> 00:40:58,133
is a big ship
from Ternate,
814
00:40:58,166 --> 00:41:01,000
a battleship
that is quite large.
815
00:41:01,033 --> 00:41:03,566
{\an1}This is what is inevitable
about human interaction.
816
00:41:03,600 --> 00:41:05,266
{\an1}It can't be denied
that humans need
817
00:41:05,300 --> 00:41:09,233
{\an1}to know and interact
with each other.
818
00:41:09,266 --> 00:41:12,433
{\an1}-Global trade for the
Spice Islands' commodities
819
00:41:12,466 --> 00:41:14,800
{\an1}had existed for centuries,
820
00:41:14,833 --> 00:41:17,666
but the Europeans
brought changes.
821
00:41:17,700 --> 00:41:19,533
{\an1}-[ Speaking native language ]
822
00:41:19,566 --> 00:41:22,500
-[Interpreter]
Ternate was so famous
for its cloves and nutmeg
823
00:41:22,533 --> 00:41:23,800
{\an1}that the Europeans,
824
00:41:23,833 --> 00:41:27,733
{\an1}Chinese, and Arabs came here.
825
00:41:27,766 --> 00:41:29,400
{\an1}But it was the Europeans
who wanted
826
00:41:29,433 --> 00:41:32,300
{\an1}to occupy and monopolize
the spice trade
827
00:41:32,333 --> 00:41:36,800
{\an1}and that's the beginning of the
Colonial Era in Indonesia.
828
00:41:36,833 --> 00:41:38,900
{\an1}Once the Portuguese
conquered Ternate
829
00:41:38,933 --> 00:41:40,933
{\an1}and monopolized the spice trade,
830
00:41:40,966 --> 00:41:46,600
{\an1}they wanted to keep
the location a secret.
831
00:41:46,633 --> 00:41:49,400
-With the arrival
of the Spanish on Tidore,
832
00:41:49,433 --> 00:41:52,433
{\an1}the secrecy is over.
833
00:41:52,466 --> 00:41:55,433
Elcano is lucky
the Portuguese base on Ternate
834
00:41:55,466 --> 00:41:58,100
{\an1}has just been deserted
835
00:41:58,133 --> 00:42:01,366
{\an1}and there is no trace
of Francisco Serrao,
836
00:42:01,400 --> 00:42:05,933
{\an1}whose letters drove Magellan
halfway around the world.
837
00:42:05,966 --> 00:42:07,033
{\an7}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
-[Interpreter] We really
838
00:42:07,066 --> 00:42:09,433
{\an7}cannot say that the story
has a happy end
839
00:42:09,466 --> 00:42:12,033
{\an7}because the two protagonists
have never met.
840
00:42:12,066 --> 00:42:15,366
{\an1}As we know, Magellan died
in the Battle of Mactan
841
00:42:15,400 --> 00:42:17,866
and Serrao died
at about the same time.
842
00:42:17,900 --> 00:42:19,800
{\an1}It's possible that Serrao
was poisoned
843
00:42:19,833 --> 00:42:22,900
in a conspiracy
against the Sultan of Ternate.
844
00:42:22,933 --> 00:42:27,600
{\an1}In the end, these two pen pals
never managed to meet.
845
00:42:31,433 --> 00:42:35,200
{\an1}-Finding the Portuguese trading
post on Ternate deserted,
846
00:42:35,233 --> 00:42:37,300
{\an1}Elcano is relieved he
and his men
847
00:42:37,333 --> 00:42:41,333
{\an1}will not be forced
to fight their rivals.
848
00:42:41,366 --> 00:42:44,400
{\an1}But he knows the Portuguese
fleet is hunting him
849
00:42:44,433 --> 00:42:48,100
{\an1}and could show up at any time.
850
00:42:48,133 --> 00:42:53,266
{\an1}He and the crew immediately
secure the island's spice crops.
851
00:42:53,300 --> 00:42:56,766
{\an1}The men are dazzled
by what they see --
852
00:42:56,800 --> 00:43:01,600
{\an1}more cloves and nutmeg
than they ever dared dream.
853
00:43:01,633 --> 00:43:07,300
{\an8}♪♪♪
854
00:43:07,333 --> 00:43:10,066
{\an7}Today, the nutmeg harvest
takes place
855
00:43:10,100 --> 00:43:13,800
{\an7}in much the same way
it did 500 years ago
856
00:43:13,833 --> 00:43:15,166
{\an1}and, as a commodity traded
857
00:43:15,200 --> 00:43:17,733
{\an1}on stock exchanges
around the world,
858
00:43:17,766 --> 00:43:20,333
{\an1}it still has the power
to enrich people.
859
00:43:20,366 --> 00:43:23,033
{\an8}♪♪♪
860
00:43:23,066 --> 00:43:24,733
{\an1}Half a millennia later,
861
00:43:24,766 --> 00:43:26,433
{\an1}spices continue to be one
862
00:43:26,466 --> 00:43:28,766
{\an1}of the most important
sources of income
863
00:43:28,800 --> 00:43:30,400
{\an1}for the island population.
864
00:43:30,433 --> 00:43:31,933
{\an8}♪♪♪
865
00:43:31,966 --> 00:43:33,466
{\an1}-[ Speaking native language ]
-[Interpreter] In my shop,
866
00:43:33,500 --> 00:43:35,266
the amount
of one-year-old nutmeg
867
00:43:35,300 --> 00:43:37,766
{\an1}could be more than 100 tons.
868
00:43:37,800 --> 00:43:40,666
{\an7}As for cloves, it depends
on the harvest season.
869
00:43:40,700 --> 00:43:43,566
{\an7}During harvest season,
I could get up to 10 containers,
870
00:43:43,600 --> 00:43:45,600
{\an1}even 20 containers.
871
00:43:45,633 --> 00:43:48,533
{\an1}-Elcano and his men
quickly get to work.
872
00:43:48,566 --> 00:43:50,400
{\an1}-[ Speaking native language ]
873
00:43:50,433 --> 00:43:53,333
-[Interpreter]
Antonio Pigafetta writes
in his report
874
00:43:53,366 --> 00:43:56,166
{\an1}that they succeeded in filling
the holds of the two ships,
875
00:43:56,200 --> 00:43:59,833
{\an1}the
Trinidad
and the
Victoria,
within only 40 days.
876
00:43:59,866 --> 00:44:04,400
{\an1}-[ Speaking native language ]
877
00:44:04,433 --> 00:44:10,800
-[Interpreter]
And so Tidore became
a Spanish trading center.
878
00:44:10,833 --> 00:44:12,933
{\an1}-Elcano has made good
on the promise
879
00:44:12,966 --> 00:44:15,833
Magellan made
to the Spanish crown.
880
00:44:15,866 --> 00:44:18,400
He establishes
direct trading relations
881
00:44:18,433 --> 00:44:21,166
{\an1}with the royal family on Tidore.
882
00:44:21,200 --> 00:44:25,933
{\an1}After that, he wants to sail
home as quickly as possible.
883
00:44:25,966 --> 00:44:29,066
But he is faced
with a difficult decision.
884
00:44:29,100 --> 00:44:32,466
{\an1}-He can go back the way he came,
but he's a sensible fellow.
885
00:44:32,500 --> 00:44:33,633
{\an1}He doesn't want to do that.
886
00:44:33,666 --> 00:44:36,000
It's dangerous.
It's a long way.
887
00:44:36,033 --> 00:44:39,566
{\an1}So he sets off the way that
the Portuguese would've gone --
888
00:44:39,600 --> 00:44:42,600
{\an1}Spice Islands, Indian Ocean,
south of Africa,
889
00:44:42,633 --> 00:44:45,800
up the Atlantic,
back into Seville.
890
00:44:45,833 --> 00:44:49,666
{\an1}-He decides to split up the two
remaining ships in his fleet.
891
00:44:49,700 --> 00:44:52,966
{\an1}The
Trinidad
will sail east,
back through the Pacific;
892
00:44:53,000 --> 00:44:55,200
and the
Victoria
will take its chances,
893
00:44:55,233 --> 00:44:58,533
sailing westward,
into enemy territory.
894
00:44:58,566 --> 00:45:03,033
{\an7}-So Elcano, I think he was
in a very desperate situation
895
00:45:03,066 --> 00:45:05,400
{\an7}and that's there because he
understood the Pacific,
896
00:45:05,433 --> 00:45:06,733
{\an7}so it was going to be
very difficult
897
00:45:06,766 --> 00:45:09,066
to go back home
through the Pacific.
898
00:45:09,100 --> 00:45:12,633
{\an1}So it is only then
that Elcano decided
899
00:45:12,666 --> 00:45:15,333
{\an1}to face the circumnavigation
of the world.
900
00:45:15,366 --> 00:45:18,533
{\an1}-Elcano knows they must sail
halfway around the world,
901
00:45:18,566 --> 00:45:21,433
{\an1}through Portuguese
sovereign territory,
902
00:45:21,466 --> 00:45:24,133
{\an1}and the hunt has already begun.
903
00:45:24,166 --> 00:45:26,966
{\an1}-The Portuguese, if they
catch him, they'll kill him.
904
00:45:27,000 --> 00:45:28,966
{\an1}They'll sink the ship, they'll
kill all the people onboard,
905
00:45:29,000 --> 00:45:31,633
{\an1}and they'll take the spices home
and sell them for themselves.
906
00:45:31,666 --> 00:45:35,233
{\an1}So he's sailing through enemy
waters, quite literally.
907
00:45:35,266 --> 00:45:38,966
Outside Europe,
Spain and Portugal are at war.
908
00:45:39,000 --> 00:45:41,733
-While Elcano
tries his luck going west,
909
00:45:41,766 --> 00:45:43,900
{\an1}the
Trinidad
fails
at her attempt
910
00:45:43,933 --> 00:45:46,366
{\an1}to cross the Pacific again.
911
00:45:46,400 --> 00:45:48,933
{\an1}Violent storms batter the ship.
912
00:45:48,966 --> 00:45:52,433
{\an1}Utterly exhausted, they try
to go back to the Spice Islands.
913
00:45:52,466 --> 00:45:53,566
{\an1}But, in the meantime,
914
00:45:53,600 --> 00:45:55,733
{\an1}the Portuguese fleet
has arrived there --
915
00:45:55,766 --> 00:45:58,100
{\an1}a catastrophe for the Spanish.
916
00:45:58,133 --> 00:46:03,433
{\an1}-So the
Trinidad
had to return,
very damaged by the storms,
917
00:46:03,466 --> 00:46:04,866
{\an1}to the Spice Islands
918
00:46:04,900 --> 00:46:09,533
{\an1}and she was, right away,
captured by the Portuguese.
919
00:46:09,566 --> 00:46:14,766
{\an1}They took her near the fortress
to take all the valuable items,
920
00:46:14,800 --> 00:46:18,200
{\an1}like the anchors and the masts
and the sails
921
00:46:18,233 --> 00:46:21,166
{\an1}and also part of the timber
of the ship,
922
00:46:21,200 --> 00:46:24,566
{\an1}to build a fortress.
923
00:46:24,600 --> 00:46:28,233
{\an1}Afterwards, the
Trinidad
sank right there,
924
00:46:28,266 --> 00:46:29,800
{\an1}very close to the shore.
925
00:46:29,833 --> 00:46:32,833
{\an1}We had a very fair idea
of where she can be
926
00:46:32,866 --> 00:46:35,200
and I hope
that she will be found.
927
00:46:35,233 --> 00:46:36,900
{\an1}-[ Speaking native language ]
928
00:46:36,933 --> 00:46:40,333
{\an7}-Today, the Indonesian Ministry
of Marine Affairs
929
00:46:40,366 --> 00:46:41,800
{\an7}is leading an expedition
930
00:46:41,833 --> 00:46:45,533
{\an7}to find out the fate
of the
Trinidad.
931
00:46:45,566 --> 00:46:48,433
{\an1}-We are conducting a marine
archeology survey.
932
00:46:48,466 --> 00:46:51,766
{\an1}We want to find a shipwreck site
933
00:46:51,800 --> 00:46:55,366
{\an1}that is the
Trinidad
shipwreck,
a Spanish shipwreck,
934
00:46:55,400 --> 00:47:01,266
{\an1}and it's said that
Trinidad
sank in front of Kastela.
935
00:47:01,300 --> 00:47:05,600
{\an7}We want to find the coral reef
in front of the port
936
00:47:05,633 --> 00:47:10,533
{\an7}because the archives mentioned
that the
Trinidad
937
00:47:10,566 --> 00:47:16,500
{\an1}smashed the coral reef
and then it caught a storm.
938
00:47:16,533 --> 00:47:18,900
{\an1}So we have to find
the reef, first,
939
00:47:18,933 --> 00:47:24,166
{\an1}so we will have a clue
where
Trinidad
sank.
940
00:47:24,200 --> 00:47:27,633
{\an1}[ Speaking native language ]
941
00:47:27,666 --> 00:47:29,466
{\an1}-The search is made
more difficult
942
00:47:29,500 --> 00:47:30,900
{\an1}by the fact that the seabed
943
00:47:30,933 --> 00:47:33,933
{\an1}has sunk considerably
since the 16th century.
944
00:47:37,066 --> 00:47:38,133
As a result,
945
00:47:38,166 --> 00:47:40,600
{\an1}the remains of the former
Portuguese fort
946
00:47:40,633 --> 00:47:43,400
are not located
at the shore anymore,
947
00:47:43,433 --> 00:47:44,800
{\an1}but at the bottom of the sea.
948
00:47:44,833 --> 00:47:47,333
{\an8}♪♪♪
949
00:47:47,366 --> 00:47:52,066
{\an7}-So our diving team,
they mentioned that, underwater,
950
00:47:52,100 --> 00:47:57,666
{\an7}they found like a structure,
the ruins.
951
00:47:57,700 --> 00:48:02,533
{\an1}Looks like similar
with the Kastela Fort
952
00:48:02,566 --> 00:48:06,966
{\an1}and also, they found like
a passage or a tunnel,
953
00:48:07,000 --> 00:48:10,400
{\an1}the channel and the water,
between the reef.
954
00:48:12,900 --> 00:48:14,666
-It is likely
that the bigger ships had
955
00:48:14,700 --> 00:48:17,500
{\an1}to anchor outside the reef.
956
00:48:17,533 --> 00:48:19,466
{\an1}Only small dinghies
would've been able
957
00:48:19,500 --> 00:48:22,166
{\an1}to shuttle back and forth
through a manmade breach
958
00:48:22,200 --> 00:48:24,300
{\an1}to unload the ships.
959
00:48:24,333 --> 00:48:26,800
-So, later on,
we can do the things
960
00:48:26,833 --> 00:48:32,133
{\an1}to prove this is a part
of the Kastela Fort, or not.
961
00:48:32,166 --> 00:48:34,633
{\an8}♪♪♪
962
00:48:34,666 --> 00:48:38,566
{\an1}-If the archeological findings
confirm the historical accounts
963
00:48:38,600 --> 00:48:41,066
{\an1}of a harbor entrance
through the reef,
964
00:48:41,100 --> 00:48:43,766
{\an1}the team will return
to continue its search
965
00:48:43,800 --> 00:48:45,433
{\an1}for the wreck of the
Trinidad.
966
00:48:45,466 --> 00:48:52,733
{\an8}♪♪♪
967
00:48:52,766 --> 00:48:54,666
With the sinking
of the
Trinidad,
968
00:48:54,700 --> 00:48:59,366
{\an1}Elcano's ship is now
the expedition's only hope.
969
00:48:59,400 --> 00:49:01,833
In order to avoid
the Portuguese,
970
00:49:01,866 --> 00:49:03,800
he sails
the Southern Indian Ocean
971
00:49:03,833 --> 00:49:07,700
for four months,
without making landfall once.
972
00:49:07,733 --> 00:49:09,366
{\an8}♪♪♪
973
00:49:09,400 --> 00:49:12,400
{\an8}Hunger and scurvy
decimate the crew,
974
00:49:12,433 --> 00:49:15,900
{\an8}and the ship
is barely seaworthy.
975
00:49:15,933 --> 00:49:17,066
{\an1}By the end of the voyage,
976
00:49:17,100 --> 00:49:19,833
{\an1}the crew must pump out water
around the clock.
977
00:49:19,866 --> 00:49:22,100
{\an8}♪♪♪
978
00:49:22,133 --> 00:49:25,666
{\an1}On September 6, 1522,
979
00:49:25,700 --> 00:49:28,600
{\an1}nine months after leaving
the Spice Islands,
980
00:49:28,633 --> 00:49:31,533
Sebastián Elcano
miraculously sails
981
00:49:31,566 --> 00:49:35,100
into the port
of Sanlúcar de Barrameda,
982
00:49:35,133 --> 00:49:38,966
{\an1}as one of only 18 survivors.
983
00:49:39,000 --> 00:49:40,833
{\an1}Magellan is generally credited
984
00:49:40,866 --> 00:49:43,700
{\an1}as the first person to sail
around the world,
985
00:49:43,733 --> 00:49:46,900
{\an1}despite dying halfway
through the trip.
986
00:49:46,933 --> 00:49:49,666
{\an1}But what about Sebastián Elcano,
987
00:49:49,700 --> 00:49:53,466
{\an1}the man who actually completed
the entire voyage?
988
00:49:53,500 --> 00:49:56,966
{\an1}Some years ago, a unique
written document turned up
989
00:49:57,000 --> 00:49:59,300
{\an1}in a private Basque archive --
990
00:49:59,333 --> 00:50:02,366
{\an1}a handwritten letter
that Sebastián Elcano sent
991
00:50:02,400 --> 00:50:04,933
{\an1}to his king upon his return.
992
00:50:04,966 --> 00:50:06,166
{\an7}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
-[Interpreter] It was really
993
00:50:06,200 --> 00:50:09,500
{\an7}emotional because,
within four or five seconds,
994
00:50:09,533 --> 00:50:12,800
{\an7}I realize that it's
the letter from Elcano,
995
00:50:12,833 --> 00:50:14,866
{\an1}that it's the original letter.
996
00:50:14,900 --> 00:50:17,466
What shall I say?
I start sweating
997
00:50:17,500 --> 00:50:20,766
{\an1}and all the people in the
archives standing around me.
998
00:50:20,800 --> 00:50:24,700
{\an1}I'm holding the letter
and saying, "Look what I found!"
999
00:50:24,733 --> 00:50:27,533
{\an1}How can it be possible that
the letter is now being found,
1000
00:50:27,566 --> 00:50:29,433
{\an1}after several centuries?
1001
00:50:29,466 --> 00:50:32,933
I mean, everybody
believed it to be lost.
1002
00:50:36,233 --> 00:50:37,433
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
-[Interpreter] You can't just
1003
00:50:37,466 --> 00:50:39,900
read this like,
"We sailed around the globe
1004
00:50:39,933 --> 00:50:44,033
{\an1}and then we were here
and there" -- no, no.
1005
00:50:44,066 --> 00:50:46,366
{\an1}He returns with a ship
so ravaged,
1006
00:50:46,400 --> 00:50:48,033
{\an1}that it was just about to sink.
1007
00:50:48,066 --> 00:50:51,666
{\an1}That's how damaged it was.
1008
00:50:51,700 --> 00:50:53,866
{\an1}A week longer, and it goes down.
1009
00:50:53,900 --> 00:50:56,633
{\an1}The ship is loaded,
but absolutely ruined.
1010
00:50:56,666 --> 00:50:59,800
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
1011
00:50:59,833 --> 00:51:01,533
-[Interpreter]
Elcano reports in his letter
1012
00:51:01,566 --> 00:51:04,933
{\an1}that they had to bail out water
for more than 30 days.
1013
00:51:04,966 --> 00:51:09,366
A week more,
and no one would've arrived.
1014
00:51:09,400 --> 00:51:16,000
{\an1}There would've been no
circumnavigation of the world.
1015
00:51:16,033 --> 00:51:17,933
{\an8}♪♪♪
1016
00:51:17,966 --> 00:51:19,233
-Upon arrival,
1017
00:51:19,266 --> 00:51:23,500
25 tons of spices
are unloaded from the
Victoria.
1018
00:51:23,533 --> 00:51:25,833
{\an8}♪♪♪
1019
00:51:25,866 --> 00:51:28,900
{\an1}Elcano and his crew
are rewarded handsomely
1020
00:51:28,933 --> 00:51:30,600
{\an1}and the investors make a profit
1021
00:51:30,633 --> 00:51:33,133
{\an1}off the cloves, cinnamon,
and nutmeg,
1022
00:51:33,166 --> 00:51:36,500
despite the loss
of four of the five ships
1023
00:51:36,533 --> 00:51:39,933
{\an1}and the deaths of 200 sailors.
1024
00:51:39,966 --> 00:51:43,300
{\an1}-In some ways, this is a very
unusual expedition of discovery.
1025
00:51:43,333 --> 00:51:45,233
{\an7}They actually made
a slight profit.
1026
00:51:45,266 --> 00:51:47,700
{\an7}Despite losing three
of the ships,
1027
00:51:47,733 --> 00:51:50,400
{\an7}despite coming back
with very few people,
1028
00:51:50,433 --> 00:51:54,700
{\an1}the spices on the
Victoria
paid off the costs,
1029
00:51:54,733 --> 00:51:56,800
so the investors
got their money back.
1030
00:51:56,833 --> 00:51:58,433
{\an1}Nobody made a windfall profit.
1031
00:51:58,466 --> 00:52:01,300
{\an1}The men didn't get
particularly well-paid,
1032
00:52:01,333 --> 00:52:03,766
{\an1}but they did set off
to do it all over again.
1033
00:52:03,800 --> 00:52:06,600
{\an8}♪♪♪
1034
00:52:06,633 --> 00:52:08,400
{\an1}-Elcano is knighted
1035
00:52:08,433 --> 00:52:11,733
{\an1}and the king grants him
his own coat of arms,
1036
00:52:11,766 --> 00:52:14,833
{\an1}emblazoned with spices, a globe,
1037
00:52:14,866 --> 00:52:19,266
and the words
Primus circumdedisti me,
1038
00:52:19,300 --> 00:52:23,533
{\an1}"You were the first
to circumnavigate me."
1039
00:52:23,566 --> 00:52:26,600
And, still,
his name rarely appears
1040
00:52:26,633 --> 00:52:28,633
{\an1}in today's history books.
1041
00:52:28,666 --> 00:52:31,200
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
1042
00:52:31,233 --> 00:52:33,166
{\an8}-[Interpreter]
He is, indeed, a tragic hero.
1043
00:52:33,200 --> 00:52:35,900
{\an7}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
1044
00:52:35,933 --> 00:52:37,033
{\an7}-[Interpreter] In part,
1045
00:52:37,066 --> 00:52:39,633
{\an1}he only has himself to blame
for this tragedy
1046
00:52:39,666 --> 00:52:42,633
{\an1}because, when he returned
after sailing around the world
1047
00:52:42,666 --> 00:52:46,600
{\an1}and was given the title
Primus circumdedisti me
1048
00:52:46,633 --> 00:52:48,666
{\an1}and his own coat of arms,
1049
00:52:48,700 --> 00:52:50,033
{\an1}in this moment of glory,
1050
00:52:50,066 --> 00:52:54,133
he fails to write
or publish a book.
1051
00:52:54,166 --> 00:52:55,900
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
1052
00:52:55,933 --> 00:52:58,733
-[Interpreter]
The printing press was
the Internet of those days.
1053
00:52:58,766 --> 00:53:00,833
{\an1}-[ Speaking Spanish ]
1054
00:53:00,866 --> 00:53:02,600
-[Interpreter]
Instead, he was trying
to assemble
1055
00:53:02,633 --> 00:53:05,566
a new expedition
to the Moluccas and back,
1056
00:53:05,600 --> 00:53:12,400
{\an1}to establish and secure
the sea route for good.
1057
00:53:12,433 --> 00:53:15,900
{\an1}However, another member
of the expedition,
1058
00:53:15,933 --> 00:53:19,466
{\an1}Antonio Pigafetta,
writes a book
1059
00:53:19,500 --> 00:53:23,000
{\an1}and he does something
very peculiar.
1060
00:53:23,033 --> 00:53:25,666
{\an1}He doesn't mention Elcano
at all.
1061
00:53:25,700 --> 00:53:30,200
{\an1}Not a single word.
1062
00:53:30,233 --> 00:53:33,466
{\an1}-Four years later,
Sebastián Elcano sets off
1063
00:53:33,500 --> 00:53:37,266
{\an1}for the Spice Islands
for the second time.
1064
00:53:37,300 --> 00:53:39,333
{\an1}He dies on this voyage
1065
00:53:39,366 --> 00:53:43,433
{\an1}and is erased from humanity's
collective memory.
1066
00:53:43,466 --> 00:53:46,600
{\an1}The passage found at the
southern tip of South America
1067
00:53:46,633 --> 00:53:49,500
{\an1}proves too dangerous
to be of much use.
1068
00:53:49,533 --> 00:53:53,500
{\an1}Despite the great sacrifices
made to find the Spice Islands,
1069
00:53:53,533 --> 00:53:56,366
{\an1}the Spanish only possess them
for a few years
1070
00:53:56,400 --> 00:53:59,100
{\an1}before selling them
to the Portuguese.
1071
00:53:59,133 --> 00:54:02,633
{\an1}The islands would go on to be
Dutch and British territories
1072
00:54:02,666 --> 00:54:05,366
{\an1}for the next 350 years,
1073
00:54:05,400 --> 00:54:09,800
{\an1}until Indonesia declared
its independence in 1950.
1074
00:54:09,833 --> 00:54:12,666
{\an1}But the significance
of Magellan and Elcano's voyage
1075
00:54:12,700 --> 00:54:15,433
is still felt
half a millennia later.
1076
00:54:15,466 --> 00:54:16,833
-Even at the end
of the expedition,
1077
00:54:16,866 --> 00:54:19,233
{\an1}with only 18 crew left standing,
1078
00:54:19,266 --> 00:54:21,666
{\an1}these men are still recording
data in their log books.
1079
00:54:21,700 --> 00:54:24,433
{\an1}They're taking an accurate
record of every single day,
1080
00:54:24,466 --> 00:54:26,000
{\an1}every single position.
1081
00:54:26,033 --> 00:54:27,266
{\an1}And, when they get back
to Seville,
1082
00:54:27,300 --> 00:54:29,666
{\an1}they realize they've lost a day,
1083
00:54:29,700 --> 00:54:31,466
{\an1}and that information
is priceless.
1084
00:54:31,500 --> 00:54:34,000
It proves
that the Earth is round,
1085
00:54:34,033 --> 00:54:36,900
{\an1}that it's rotating
through space,
1086
00:54:36,933 --> 00:54:39,066
{\an1}and this breakthrough
changes the way
1087
00:54:39,100 --> 00:54:41,566
{\an1}16th-century men see the Earth.
1088
00:54:41,600 --> 00:54:43,366
{\an1}They begin to understand
what's going on.
1089
00:54:43,400 --> 00:54:47,566
{\an1}They begin to understand our
place in the planetary system --
1090
00:54:47,600 --> 00:54:50,833
{\an1}not just the size of the Earth,
but the place of the Earth.
1091
00:54:50,866 --> 00:54:53,200
That, perhaps,
is Magellan's greatest legacy.
1092
00:54:53,233 --> 00:54:57,333
{\an1}[ Poignant tune plays ]
1093
00:54:57,366 --> 00:54:59,900
{\an7}-With Magellan's voyage
came an understanding
1094
00:54:59,933 --> 00:55:02,500
{\an7}of the true shape of the Earth
1095
00:55:02,533 --> 00:55:05,466
{\an7}and the beginnings of what,
today, we call
1096
00:55:05,500 --> 00:55:08,700
{\an8}globalization.
1097
00:55:08,733 --> 00:55:11,033
{\an7}The Earth remains immense,
1098
00:55:11,066 --> 00:55:14,900
{\an7}but, thanks to explorers,
like Magellan and Elcano,
1099
00:55:14,933 --> 00:55:16,300
{\an7}it is now connected.
1100
00:55:16,333 --> 00:55:25,600
{\an8}♪♪♪
1101
00:55:25,633 --> 00:55:29,866
{\an8}♪♪♪