1 00:00:01,869 --> 00:00:03,738 {\an7}Narrator: FLYING JET AIRCRAFT 2 00:00:03,770 --> 00:00:06,573 {\an7}MEANS TAKING YOUR LIFE \h\h\h\hIN YOUR HANDS. 3 00:00:06,607 --> 00:00:07,808 {\an7}Man: SPEED BRAKE. 4 00:00:07,841 --> 00:00:10,444 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: AND WHEN THINGS GO WRONG, 5 00:00:10,477 --> 00:00:14,314 {\an7}THERE’S A CRUCIAL DEVICE \h\h\h\h\hPILOTS RELY ON. 6 00:00:14,348 --> 00:00:16,083 {\an7}THE EJECTION SEAT. 7 00:00:16,116 --> 00:00:17,884 {\an7}Man: ONCE I SAW THE NOSE \h\h\h\h\hSTART TO FALL, 8 00:00:17,918 --> 00:00:19,319 {\an7}I KNEW IT WAS TIME TO GET OUT. 9 00:00:22,623 --> 00:00:25,226 {\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: A SEAT THAT MAKES THE DIFFERENCE 10 00:00:25,259 --> 00:00:27,595 {\an7}BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH... 11 00:00:27,628 --> 00:00:29,296 {\an7}Woman: WE STARTED TO GET A LOT OF SMOKE AND FUMES 12 00:00:29,329 --> 00:00:30,363 {\an7}IN THE COCKPIT. 13 00:00:30,397 --> 00:00:32,266 {\an7}MY ONLY CHOICE IS TO EJECT. 14 00:00:32,299 --> 00:00:35,335 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: ...IN A FRACTION OF A SECOND. 15 00:00:35,369 --> 00:00:38,639 {\an7}\h\h\hMan: MY BODY WENT FROM 800 MILES AN HOUR 16 00:00:38,672 --> 00:00:41,475 {\an7}TO HANGING UNDER A PARACHUTE \hIN JUST OVER THREE SECONDS. 17 00:00:41,508 --> 00:00:42,843 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: IT’S AN INCREDIBLE STORY 18 00:00:42,876 --> 00:00:45,512 {\an7}OF INGENUITY AND BRAVERY. 19 00:00:45,546 --> 00:00:47,214 {\an7}FROM HUMBLE BEGINNINGS... 20 00:00:47,247 --> 00:00:49,316 {\an7}Man: FIRE! 21 00:00:49,349 --> 00:00:50,817 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: ...THE EJECTION SEAT HAS EVOLVED 22 00:00:50,851 --> 00:00:52,386 {\an7}INTO ONE OF THE WORLD’S 23 00:00:52,419 --> 00:00:56,857 {\an7}\hMOST SOPHISTICATED SURVIVAL MACHINES... 24 00:00:56,890 --> 00:00:58,658 {\an7}WITH ONE AIM: 25 00:00:58,692 --> 00:01:03,363 {\an7}TO SAVE THE LIVES OF AIRCREW \h\h\h\h\h\hAROUND THE WORLD. 26 00:01:03,397 --> 00:01:04,565 {\an7}Man: I’M ALIVE. 27 00:01:15,709 --> 00:01:20,714 {\an7}Narrator: JULY 23, 2010. 28 00:01:20,747 --> 00:01:24,050 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hPILOT BRIAN BEWS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN AIR FORCE 29 00:01:24,084 --> 00:01:27,154 {\an7}STEPS OUT TO FLY HIS CF-18 HORNET. 30 00:01:32,225 --> 00:01:35,495 {\an7}IT’S A FULL DRESS REHEARSAL \h\h\h\h\hFOR AN AIR SHOW. 31 00:01:35,529 --> 00:01:38,132 {\an7}\h\hAnnouncer: WATCH AS BRIAN PERFORMS HIS FIRST MANEUVER, 32 00:01:38,165 --> 00:01:41,301 {\an7}THE DIRTY ROLL ON TAKEOFF! 33 00:01:41,335 --> 00:01:42,303 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBrian Bews: WHEN I THINK BACK ON IT, 34 00:01:42,336 --> 00:01:43,204 {\an7}I SHOULD HAVE KNOWN \hSOMETHING WAS UP 35 00:01:43,236 --> 00:01:44,370 {\an7}WHEN I WENT TO STARBUCK’S 36 00:01:44,404 --> 00:01:47,807 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THEY FORGOT MY EXTRA FOAM ON MY LATTE. 37 00:01:47,841 --> 00:01:49,109 {\an7}Narrator: AS PART OF THE SHOW 38 00:01:49,142 --> 00:01:53,146 {\an7}HE’LL FLY HIS JET LOW AND SLOW, 39 00:01:53,180 --> 00:01:56,417 {\an7}\h\hA MANEUVER CALLED THE HIGH ALPHA PASS. 40 00:01:56,450 --> 00:01:59,453 {\an7}Man: TAKE YOUR TIME FOR THE HIGH ALPHA. 41 00:01:59,486 --> 00:02:01,588 {\an7}Bews: THE NOSE OF THE JET \h\h\h\hIS UP 25 DEGREES, 42 00:02:01,622 --> 00:02:03,691 {\an7}\hYET WE’RE FLYING STRAIGHT AND LEVEL. 43 00:02:03,724 --> 00:02:05,226 {\an7}THE LIFT FROM THE WINGS 44 00:02:05,258 --> 00:02:07,193 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THE COMBINATION OF THE THRUST FROM THE ENGINE 45 00:02:07,227 --> 00:02:09,296 {\an7}IS WHAT KEEPS THE JET AIRBORNE. 46 00:02:09,329 --> 00:02:12,132 {\an7}Narrator: FLYING JUST \h\h120 MILES AN HOUR 47 00:02:12,165 --> 00:02:14,501 {\an7}AT LESS THAN 200 FEET. 48 00:02:14,534 --> 00:02:16,736 {\an7}IT’S A DELICATE BALANCE. 49 00:02:16,770 --> 00:02:19,873 {\an7}Bews: FEEL IT BITE. \hTHERE SHE BITES. 50 00:02:19,906 --> 00:02:23,076 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT’S QUITE IMPRESSIVE TO SEE A SUPERSONIC FIGHTER JET 51 00:02:23,110 --> 00:02:26,013 {\an7}FLY THAT SLOW. 52 00:02:26,046 --> 00:02:27,981 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THEN, WITHOUT WARNING, 53 00:02:28,015 --> 00:02:29,617 {\an7}HIS RIGHT ENGINE FAILS. 54 00:02:29,650 --> 00:02:30,985 {\an7}[ALARM SOUNDS] 55 00:02:31,018 --> 00:02:36,123 {\an7}\h\hAS HIS HORNET LOSES THRUST AND ROLLS DANGEROUSLY DOWNWARDS, 56 00:02:36,156 --> 00:02:39,292 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBEWS FACES EVERY PILOT’S NIGHTMARE. 57 00:02:39,326 --> 00:02:42,496 {\an7}Bews: IT WAS ABOUT FOUR SECONDS OF TRYING TO FIGHT THE JET. 58 00:02:42,529 --> 00:02:44,097 {\an7}AND IT JUST WASN’T \h\hDOING ANYTHING. 59 00:02:44,131 --> 00:02:45,966 {\an7}IT WASN’T STOPPING THE ROLL. 60 00:02:45,999 --> 00:02:47,734 {\an7}\h\hComputer voice: ALTITUDE. ALTITUDE. 61 00:02:47,768 --> 00:02:49,136 {\an7}\hBews: ONCE I SAW THE NOSE OF THE JET 62 00:02:49,169 --> 00:02:50,704 {\an7}START TO FALL INTO THE GROUND, 63 00:02:50,737 --> 00:02:53,640 {\an7}I KNEW WHERE IT WAS GOING, AND IT WAS TIME TO GET OUT. 64 00:02:53,674 --> 00:02:54,909 {\an7}Computer voice: ALTITUDE. 65 00:02:57,077 --> 00:03:00,647 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: JUST SECONDS FROM IMPACT, 66 00:03:00,681 --> 00:03:04,118 {\an7}\hBEWS’ LIFE NOW RESTS WITH HIS EJECTION SEAT. 67 00:03:09,056 --> 00:03:14,161 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTODAY THE EJECTION SEAT IS A MODERN MARVEL OF AVIATION. 68 00:03:14,194 --> 00:03:16,630 {\an7}IN A CONSTANT EFFORT \h\hTO SAVE AIRCREW, 69 00:03:16,663 --> 00:03:22,002 {\an7}ITS DESIGN HAS UNDERGONE AN INCREDIBLE REVOLUTION, 70 00:03:22,035 --> 00:03:24,671 {\an7}FROM A BASIC SEAT.... 71 00:03:24,705 --> 00:03:25,906 {\an7}TO A $100,000 72 00:03:25,939 --> 00:03:29,843 {\an7}COMPUTER-CONTROLLED \h\hFLYING MACHINE. 73 00:03:29,876 --> 00:03:34,147 {\an7}\hA SEAT THAT PROPELS A PILOT CLEAR OF A STRICKEN AIRCRAFT 74 00:03:34,181 --> 00:03:37,317 {\an7}IN A FRACTION OF A SECOND. 75 00:03:37,350 --> 00:03:39,152 {\an7}THIS IS THE REMARKABLE STORY 76 00:03:39,186 --> 00:03:42,556 {\an7}OF THOSE WHO’VE RISKED \h\h\h\h\hLIFE AND LIMB 77 00:03:42,589 --> 00:03:45,392 {\an7}TO DEVELOP THE EJECTION SEAT, 78 00:03:45,425 --> 00:03:49,296 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THOSE WHOSE LIVES IT’S SAVED. 79 00:03:55,135 --> 00:04:01,608 {\an7}THE ORIGINS OF THE EJECTION SEAT BEGIN OVER A HUNDRED YEARS AGO. 80 00:04:01,641 --> 00:04:03,009 {\an7}TAKING TO THE SKIES 81 00:04:03,043 --> 00:04:06,580 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIS TO BECOME ONE OF OUR DEFINING ACHIEVEMENTS. 82 00:04:06,613 --> 00:04:08,281 {\an7}BUT WHEN THINGS GO WRONG, 83 00:04:08,315 --> 00:04:11,018 {\an7}PILOTS NEED A WAY OUT. 84 00:04:11,051 --> 00:04:12,719 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hJeff Duford: IN THE EARLY DAYS OF AVIATION, 85 00:04:12,753 --> 00:04:15,256 {\an7}GETTING OUT OF AN AIRPLANE \h\h\h\hWAS UNCOMPLICATED. 86 00:04:15,288 --> 00:04:17,056 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE AIRCRAFT DIDN’T EVEN HAVE CANOPIES. 87 00:04:17,090 --> 00:04:19,159 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSO IT WOULD BE VERY SIMPLY STANDING UP 88 00:04:19,192 --> 00:04:20,727 {\an7}AND JUMPING OVER THE SIDE. 89 00:04:20,761 --> 00:04:21,729 {\an7}THERE WAS TIME, 90 00:04:21,762 --> 00:04:23,697 {\an7}THE WIND FORCES WEREN’T EXTREME. 91 00:04:23,730 --> 00:04:27,234 {\an7}SO BAILING OUT WAS REALLY NOT \h\h\hTHAT MUCH OF A PROBLEM. 92 00:04:31,505 --> 00:04:35,676 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: BUT IN 1939, THE OUTBREAK OF WORLD WAR II 93 00:04:35,709 --> 00:04:40,681 {\an7}\h\h\h\hRAPIDLY CHANGES THE COURSE OF AVIATION. 94 00:04:40,714 --> 00:04:43,750 {\an7}\h\h\hONE OF THE WAR’S FIRST DEFINING BATTLES 95 00:04:43,784 --> 00:04:47,221 {\an7}TAKES PLACE NOT ON THE GROUND, 96 00:04:47,254 --> 00:04:48,489 {\an7}BUT IN THE AIR, 97 00:04:48,522 --> 00:04:51,825 {\an7}ABOVE SOUTHERN ENGLAND. 98 00:04:51,858 --> 00:04:53,593 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDuford: THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN PROVED 99 00:04:53,627 --> 00:04:56,230 {\an7}THAT YOU HAD TO HAVE \h\h\hAIR SUPERIORITY 100 00:04:56,263 --> 00:04:58,332 {\an7}IN MODERN BATTLE, PERIOD. 101 00:04:58,365 --> 00:05:00,300 {\an7}\h\h\hRichard Hallion: IF YOU CONTROL THE AIR, 102 00:05:00,333 --> 00:05:03,136 {\an7}EVERY OTHER AIR MISSION IS EASY. 103 00:05:03,170 --> 00:05:04,872 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE SECRET OF AIR SUPREMACY 104 00:05:04,905 --> 00:05:09,543 {\an7}LIES WITH FASTER PLANES. 105 00:05:09,576 --> 00:05:11,945 {\an7}BUT IT COMES AT A PRICE \h\h\h\hFOR THE PILOTS. 106 00:05:16,850 --> 00:05:21,321 {\an7}\h\hTHE FORCE OF AIR FLYING AT 300 OR 400 MILES AN HOUR 107 00:05:21,354 --> 00:05:25,258 {\an7}MAKES ESCAPING THE COCKPIT \h\h\h\hALMOST IMPOSSIBLE. 108 00:05:25,292 --> 00:05:26,994 {\an7}AND EVEN IF YOU CLEAR IT, 109 00:05:27,027 --> 00:05:30,330 {\an7}THE CHANCES OF SURVIVAL \h\h\h\h\h\h\hARE SLIM. 110 00:05:30,363 --> 00:05:31,698 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHallion: THE PROBLEM WITH AN AIRPLANE 111 00:05:31,731 --> 00:05:34,000 {\an7}IS THAT IF THE PILOT \hTRIES TO LEAP OUT, 112 00:05:34,034 --> 00:05:35,903 {\an7}\h\h\h\hHE IS IN RISK OF HITTING SOMETHING, 113 00:05:35,936 --> 00:05:40,908 {\an7}TYPICALLY THE HORIZONTAL TAIL, HITTING THE VERTICAL FIN. 114 00:05:40,941 --> 00:05:42,810 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: AND THE FASTER THE PLANE, 115 00:05:42,843 --> 00:05:47,514 {\an7}THE GREATER THE RISK \h\h\h\hOF COLLISION. 116 00:05:47,547 --> 00:05:49,949 {\an7}IN THE RACE FOR AIR SUPREMACY, 117 00:05:49,983 --> 00:05:55,021 {\an7}GERMAN ENGINEERS DESIGN SOME OF THE WORLD’S FASTEST PLANES. 118 00:05:55,055 --> 00:05:58,692 {\an7}\h\h\hAND AT THE SMITHSONIAN’S NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM, 119 00:05:58,725 --> 00:06:03,863 {\an7}THE DANGER FACING THEIR PILOTS IS CLEAR TO SEE. 120 00:06:03,897 --> 00:06:05,832 {\an7}Robert van der Linden: \hWELL, THE HEINKEL 219 121 00:06:05,866 --> 00:06:07,568 {\an7}\h\hWAS ONE OF THE FASTEST NIGHT-FIGHTERS OF THE WAR. 122 00:06:07,601 --> 00:06:09,770 {\an7}IT COULD DO WELL OVER \h\h400 MILES AN HOUR 123 00:06:09,803 --> 00:06:13,340 {\an7}AND WAS A DEVASTATINGLY \h\hEFFECTIVE FIGHTER. 124 00:06:13,373 --> 00:06:16,576 {\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: DESIGNED TO DESTROY ALLIED BOMBERS, 125 00:06:16,610 --> 00:06:18,278 {\an7}THE COCKPIT OF THE HEINKEL 219 126 00:06:18,311 --> 00:06:21,748 {\an7}IS RIGHT AT THE FRONT \h\hOF THE AIRCRAFT, 127 00:06:21,781 --> 00:06:25,752 {\an7}SO PILOTS CAN EASILY \h\h\hSCAN THE SKIES. 128 00:06:25,785 --> 00:06:27,186 {\an7}\hvan der Linden: THE PROBLEM WAS, 129 00:06:27,220 --> 00:06:29,789 {\an7}\hIF YOU CAN IMAGINE, THE WING IS INSTALLED RIGHT ABOUT HERE, 130 00:06:29,823 --> 00:06:32,259 {\an7}\hAND I’M ABOUT WHERE THE ENGINE WOULD BE. 131 00:06:32,292 --> 00:06:34,194 {\an7}AND IT WOULD HAVE A LARGE \hTHREE-BLADED PROPELLER 132 00:06:34,227 --> 00:06:37,097 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT WOULD BE SPINNING ON BOTH SIDES OF THE AIRPLANE, 133 00:06:37,130 --> 00:06:38,131 {\an7}WHICH MADE IT VERY DANGEROUS 134 00:06:38,164 --> 00:06:42,935 {\an7}JUST TO JUMP OUT OF THE AIRPLANE. 135 00:06:42,969 --> 00:06:46,439 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: AND THE LUFTWAFFE’S DORNIER 335 136 00:06:46,473 --> 00:06:49,443 {\an7}IS EVEN MORE LIFE-THREATENING. 137 00:06:49,476 --> 00:06:51,778 {\an7}van der Linden: THE DORNIER 335 HAS TWO ENGINES-- 138 00:06:51,811 --> 00:06:52,879 {\an7}ONE IN THE NOSE, 139 00:06:52,913 --> 00:06:55,115 {\an7}VERY LARGE ONE HERE, \h\hPROPELLER-DRIVEN. 140 00:06:55,148 --> 00:06:58,218 {\an7}\h\h\hBUT IT HAS ONE IN THE TAIL AS WELL. 141 00:06:58,251 --> 00:06:59,385 {\an7}AND THE CHALLENGE THERE 142 00:06:59,419 --> 00:07:01,254 {\an7}WAS TO GET OUT OF THIS \h\hVERY LARGE AIRPLANE 143 00:07:01,288 --> 00:07:04,558 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND MISS THE TAIL AND ALSO MISS THE PROPELLERS. 144 00:07:04,591 --> 00:07:05,892 {\an7}WITH THE ENGINE IN THE REAR, 145 00:07:05,926 --> 00:07:07,561 {\an7}GETTING OUT OF THE AIRPLANE \h\h\hWAS ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE 146 00:07:07,594 --> 00:07:12,199 {\an7}UNLESS YOU HAD SOME HELP. 147 00:07:12,232 --> 00:07:14,601 {\an7}Duford: SO, GERMANY LOOKED \hAT A NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS 148 00:07:14,634 --> 00:07:16,002 {\an7}FOR HOW TO GET AN AVIATOR 149 00:07:16,036 --> 00:07:17,404 {\an7}OUT OF AN AIRCRAFT. 150 00:07:17,437 --> 00:07:20,473 {\an7}AND ULTIMATELY THEY DECIDED \h\h\hON THE EJECTION SEAT 151 00:07:20,507 --> 00:07:23,343 {\an7}AS THE BEST SOLUTION. 152 00:07:23,376 --> 00:07:25,478 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: EVEN BEFORE HOSTILITIES, 153 00:07:25,512 --> 00:07:31,251 {\an7}\h\hGERMAN ENGINEERS HAD BEEN DESIGNING AN EJECTION SYSTEM. 154 00:07:31,284 --> 00:07:34,320 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT THE WAR MAKES IT MORE URGENT. 155 00:07:37,691 --> 00:07:38,959 {\an7}IN A VAULT 156 00:07:38,992 --> 00:07:41,695 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE, 157 00:07:41,728 --> 00:07:45,165 {\an7}JEFF DUFORD HAS UNCOVERED \h\h\h\hSECRET DOCUMENTS 158 00:07:45,198 --> 00:07:49,636 {\an7}\h\hPRODUCED BY GERMANY’S HEINKEL AIRCRAFT COMPANY. 159 00:07:49,669 --> 00:07:53,173 {\an7}Duford: THE ORIGINAL GERMAN DOCUMENT WAS MADE IN 1943. 160 00:07:53,206 --> 00:07:57,243 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHIS WAS TRANSLATED SHORTLY AFTER THE WAR ENDED. 161 00:07:57,277 --> 00:07:59,379 {\an7}\h\hNOW, I HAD NEVER SEEN THIS PARTICULAR DOCUMENT 162 00:07:59,412 --> 00:08:01,848 {\an7}BEFORE I STARTED DOING RESEARCH FOR THIS PRODUCTION, 163 00:08:01,881 --> 00:08:04,350 {\an7}BUT IT IS ABSOLUTELY \h\h\hAMAZING TO SEE. 164 00:08:04,384 --> 00:08:05,852 {\an7}THERE ARE SEVERAL FORMULAS 165 00:08:05,885 --> 00:08:09,455 {\an7}\h\h\h\hABOUT VELOCITIES AND FORCES, ACCELERATION. 166 00:08:09,489 --> 00:08:13,093 {\an7}AND THEN THIS ILLUSTRATION \h\h\h\h\hABSOLUTELY SHOWS 167 00:08:13,126 --> 00:08:16,096 {\an7}THAT THE GERMANS KNEW WHAT THEY WERE DOING WITH EJECTION SEATS. 168 00:08:16,129 --> 00:08:18,431 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT SHOWS THAT THE CRUX OF THE PROBLEM 169 00:08:18,465 --> 00:08:20,200 {\an7}IS EJECTING THE SEAT HIGH ENOUGH 170 00:08:20,233 --> 00:08:23,403 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT IT CLEARS THE TAIL OF THE AIRCRAFT. 171 00:08:23,436 --> 00:08:25,471 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: AFTER EXPERIMENTATION, 172 00:08:25,505 --> 00:08:29,609 {\an7}THE GERMANS DEVELOP THE FIRST \hOPERATIONAL EJECTION SEAT, 173 00:08:29,642 --> 00:08:32,278 {\an7}USING COMPRESSED GAS. 174 00:08:32,312 --> 00:08:34,214 {\an7}Duford: AND IT WORKED \h\h\hLIKE THE PISTON 175 00:08:34,247 --> 00:08:36,116 {\an7}IN THE ENGINE IN YOUR CAR. 176 00:08:36,149 --> 00:08:39,352 {\an7}THE CYLINDER IS ATTACHED \h\h\h\hTO THE AIRPLANE. 177 00:08:39,386 --> 00:08:41,622 {\an7}THE PISTON WAS ATTACHED \h\h\h\h\hTO THE SEAT. 178 00:08:41,654 --> 00:08:43,589 {\an7}THE COMPRESSED AIR WAS RELEASED, 179 00:08:43,623 --> 00:08:45,792 {\an7}WHICH PUSHES THE PISTON, 180 00:08:45,825 --> 00:08:49,762 {\an7}WHICH PUSHES THE SEAT OUT OF THE AIRPLANE. 181 00:08:49,796 --> 00:08:55,435 {\an7}\hNarrator: SOON EJECTION SEATS ARE SAVING LUFTWAFFE AIRCREW-- 182 00:08:55,468 --> 00:09:00,173 {\an7}MUCH TO THE SURPRISE AND CONFUSION OF THE ALLIES. 183 00:09:00,206 --> 00:09:02,909 {\an7}Hallion: IT SEEMED \hTHAT NAZI GERMANY 184 00:09:02,942 --> 00:09:04,944 {\an7}WAS ALMOST A MAGICIAN’S SHOP. 185 00:09:04,978 --> 00:09:08,014 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hPILOTS WERE LITERALLY POPPING OUT OF THEIR AIRPLANES. 186 00:09:08,048 --> 00:09:10,918 {\an7}Duford: SO, THE ALLIES WERE EXTREMELY CURIOUS. 187 00:09:10,950 --> 00:09:13,352 {\an7}WHAT ARE THESE GERMANS DOING? 188 00:09:13,386 --> 00:09:14,554 {\an7}Narrator: DURING THE WAR, 189 00:09:14,587 --> 00:09:19,692 {\an7}GERMANY’S EJECTION SEATS \hARE USED OVER 60 TIMES. 190 00:09:19,726 --> 00:09:24,664 {\an7}BUT AS THEIR DOCUMENTS SHOW, \hIT HAS SEVERE LIMITATIONS. 191 00:09:24,697 --> 00:09:26,465 {\an7}Duford: HERE’S THE BASIC PROBLEM OF EJECTION: 192 00:09:26,499 --> 00:09:29,268 {\an7}THE SEAT AND THE PILOT CAN’T RISE TOO QUICKLY, 193 00:09:29,302 --> 00:09:31,704 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOR ELSE THE PILOT WILL BE INJURED OR KILLED. 194 00:09:31,738 --> 00:09:35,108 {\an7}THE HUMAN BODY CAN ONLY \hHANDLE SO MUCH FORCE. 195 00:09:35,141 --> 00:09:37,710 {\an7}\h\hSO THERE’S THE ISSUE OF HOW QUICKLY THEY ACCELERATE 196 00:09:37,744 --> 00:09:39,312 {\an7}OUT OF THE COCKPIT. 197 00:09:39,345 --> 00:09:41,047 {\an7}\hNarrator: EJECTING THE PILOT FAST ENOUGH 198 00:09:41,081 --> 00:09:42,749 {\an7}WITHOUT CAUSING INJURY 199 00:09:42,782 --> 00:09:46,686 {\an7}IS A PROBLEM THAT WILL PLAGUE \h\hEJECTION SEAT DESIGNERS. 200 00:09:48,088 --> 00:09:52,392 {\an7}AND SOLVING IT COULD POTENTIALLY CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF THE WAR. 201 00:09:56,896 --> 00:09:58,398 {\an7}BUT THE GERMANS AREN’T ALONE 202 00:09:58,431 --> 00:10:01,801 {\an7}IN REALIZING THE NEED TO DEVELOP AN EJECTION SYSTEM. 203 00:10:04,604 --> 00:10:10,510 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE ALLIES ALSO SEE ITS LIFE-SAVING POTENTIAL. 204 00:10:10,543 --> 00:10:11,744 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHallion: ROYAL AIR FORCE FIGHTER COMMAND 205 00:10:11,778 --> 00:10:13,280 {\an7}HAD WON THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN, 206 00:10:13,313 --> 00:10:17,250 {\an7}BUT IT HAD ALSO TAKEN \h\hVERY HIGH LOSSES. 207 00:10:17,283 --> 00:10:19,919 {\an7}Duford: FIGHTER PILOTS \hARE NOT MANUFACTURED. 208 00:10:19,953 --> 00:10:21,922 {\an7}THEY HAVE TO BE DEVELOPED. 209 00:10:21,955 --> 00:10:24,257 {\an7}THEY HAVE TO BE TRAINED. 210 00:10:24,290 --> 00:10:26,926 {\an7}\h\h\h\hHallion: THEY REPRESENT A TREMENDOUS INVESTMENT IN TIME 211 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:30,363 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THE EXPERTISE THAT THEY HAVE ACCUMULATED. 212 00:10:30,396 --> 00:10:32,131 {\an7}Narrator: IN 1944, 213 00:10:32,165 --> 00:10:34,868 {\an7}\h\hBRITAIN’S MINISTRY OF AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION 214 00:10:34,901 --> 00:10:39,739 {\an7}LOOK FOR BRITISH ENGINEERS TO HELP SAVE THEIR PILOTS. 215 00:10:39,772 --> 00:10:42,241 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIRONICALLY, IT’S THE TRAGIC DEATH 216 00:10:42,275 --> 00:10:46,012 {\an7}OF PILOT AND AIRCRAFT DESIGNER CAPTAIN VALENTINE BAKER, 217 00:10:46,045 --> 00:10:47,780 {\an7}DURING A TEST FLIGHT, 218 00:10:47,814 --> 00:10:50,183 {\an7}THAT LEADS MINISTRY OFFICIALS 219 00:10:50,216 --> 00:10:54,220 {\an7}TO THE MARTIN-BAKER \hAIRCRAFT COMPANY. 220 00:10:54,254 --> 00:10:55,989 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAndrew Martin: THE DEATH OF CAPTAIN BAKER 221 00:10:56,022 --> 00:10:58,725 {\an7}\hWAS A TERRIBLE BLOW TO SIR JAMES MARTIN, 222 00:10:58,758 --> 00:11:00,026 {\an7}MY GRANDFATHER. 223 00:11:00,059 --> 00:11:01,460 {\an7}AND THAT, I BELIEVE, 224 00:11:01,494 --> 00:11:05,398 {\an7}WAS THE MOMENT THAT HE DECIDED TO FOCUS THE COMPANY’S RESOURCES 225 00:11:05,431 --> 00:11:09,335 {\an7}ON THE EJECTION SEAT. 226 00:11:09,369 --> 00:11:10,503 {\an7}Narrator: UNLIKE THE GERMANS, 227 00:11:10,537 --> 00:11:13,507 {\an7}WHO FIRST USED COMPRESSED GAS \h\h\h\h\h\hTO EJECT PILOTS, 228 00:11:13,540 --> 00:11:19,946 {\an7}MARTIN-BAKER ENGINEERS DECIDE TO USE SOMETHING FAR MORE VOLATILE. 229 00:11:19,979 --> 00:11:24,083 {\an7}\hTHEIR SEAT CONTAINS EXPLOSIVE CARTRIDGES. 230 00:11:24,117 --> 00:11:28,021 {\an7}\h\h\hMan: THE EJECTOR RAM IS SITUATED BEHIND THE SEAT 231 00:11:28,054 --> 00:11:31,491 {\an7}\h\h\hAND IS ACTUATED BY A CORDITE CHARGE. 232 00:11:31,524 --> 00:11:34,961 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: IT’S DUBBED "THE BANG SEAT." 233 00:11:34,994 --> 00:11:38,431 {\an7}\hDuford: BANG SEATS SHOOT THE SEAT OUT OF AN AIRPLANE 234 00:11:38,464 --> 00:11:40,466 {\an7}LIKE SHOOTING A BULLET \h\h\h\h\hOUT OF A GUN. 235 00:11:40,500 --> 00:11:42,602 {\an7}IT’S VIOLENT, AND IT’S SHORT. 236 00:11:42,635 --> 00:11:46,339 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: EXPLOSIVES ARE POTENTIALLY MORE RISKY. 237 00:11:46,372 --> 00:11:51,043 {\an7}TO UNDERSTAND HOW RISKY \hREQUIRES A VOLUNTEER. 238 00:11:51,077 --> 00:11:54,147 {\an7}Martin: BERNARD LYNCH WORKED \h\hAS AN ENGINEERING FITTER. 239 00:11:54,180 --> 00:11:57,350 {\an7}HE WAS A LARGER-THAN-LIFE FIGURE BY ALL ACCOUNTS 240 00:11:57,383 --> 00:12:02,288 {\an7}AND BRAVELY VOLUNTEERED \hTO BE THE GUINEA PIG. 241 00:12:02,322 --> 00:12:04,958 {\an7}Narrator: THE SEAT’S EXPLOSIVES 242 00:12:04,991 --> 00:12:09,829 {\an7}ARE TRIGGERED BY PULLING DOWN \h\hA PROTECTIVE FACE BLIND. 243 00:12:09,862 --> 00:12:12,098 {\an7}[EXPLOSION] 244 00:12:12,131 --> 00:12:16,502 {\an7}Narrator: LYNCH MAKES A SERIES OF GRUELING TESTS. 245 00:12:16,536 --> 00:12:18,204 {\an7}LIKE A HUMAN CANNONBALL... 246 00:12:18,238 --> 00:12:19,940 {\an7}[EXPLOSION] 247 00:12:19,973 --> 00:12:22,676 {\an7}HE’S THRUST HARDER AND FASTER... 248 00:12:22,709 --> 00:12:23,977 {\an7}[EXPLOSION] 249 00:12:24,010 --> 00:12:26,613 {\an7}\h\h...UNTIL THE PAIN BECOMES TOO INTENSE. 250 00:12:26,646 --> 00:12:28,748 {\an7}[EXPLOSION] 251 00:12:28,781 --> 00:12:32,318 {\an7}\hBUT HIS ENDURANCE PROVES INVALUABLE. 252 00:12:35,421 --> 00:12:38,524 {\an7}AT THE AIRCREW BIODYNAMICS \h\h\h\hAND PROTECTION UNIT 253 00:12:38,558 --> 00:12:41,528 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAT THE UNITED STATES WRIGHT PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, 254 00:12:41,561 --> 00:12:44,731 {\an7}CHRIS PERRY UNDERSTANDS WHY. 255 00:12:44,764 --> 00:12:46,065 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hChris Perry: FOR THE DESIGN OF THE SEAT 256 00:12:46,099 --> 00:12:48,134 {\an7}TO WORK PROPERLY, 257 00:12:48,167 --> 00:12:50,870 {\an7}YOU HAVE TO BALANCE THE ENERGY THAT THE SEAT GENERATES 258 00:12:50,903 --> 00:12:52,838 {\an7}TO PUSH THE PILOT OUT 259 00:12:52,872 --> 00:12:55,375 {\an7}WITH THE ENERGY THAT WE KNOW \h\h\hTHAT WILL CAUSE DAMAGE 260 00:12:55,408 --> 00:12:58,244 {\an7}TO THE SPINE. 261 00:12:58,278 --> 00:13:00,380 {\an7}Narrator: AS THE SEAT ACCELERATES UPWARDS, 262 00:13:00,413 --> 00:13:03,182 {\an7}\h\h\h\hGRAVITY PULLS THE PILOT DOWNWARDS, 263 00:13:03,216 --> 00:13:06,720 {\an7}COMPRESSING THE SPINE. 264 00:13:06,753 --> 00:13:10,056 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE SPEED AT WHICH THE PROPULSIVE FORCE IS APPLIED 265 00:13:10,089 --> 00:13:12,124 {\an7}IS CRITICAL. 266 00:13:12,158 --> 00:13:14,394 {\an7}APPLY THE FORCE TOO QUICKLY, 267 00:13:14,427 --> 00:13:17,263 {\an7}AND THE SPINE WON’T HAVE TIME \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO ABSORB IT, 268 00:13:17,297 --> 00:13:20,500 {\an7}RESULTING IN INJURY. 269 00:13:20,533 --> 00:13:23,803 {\an7}Perry: MEANING RUPTURED DISCS \h\hAND FRACTURED VERTEBRAE, 270 00:13:23,836 --> 00:13:26,238 {\an7}\h\hWHICH CAN OBVIOUSLY BE VERY PAINFUL FOR THE PILOT. 271 00:13:26,272 --> 00:13:28,641 {\an7}AND IF THE FRACTURES \hARE SEVERE ENOUGH, 272 00:13:28,675 --> 00:13:32,746 {\an7}\h\hYOU CAN GET SEVERED SPINE, WHICH COULD LEAD TO PARALYSIS. 273 00:13:32,779 --> 00:13:34,681 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE OTHER CRITICAL FACTOR 274 00:13:34,714 --> 00:13:37,050 {\an7}IS POSTURE. 275 00:13:37,083 --> 00:13:40,053 {\an7}IF THE HEAD, NECK, AND SPINE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hARE STRAIGHT, 276 00:13:40,086 --> 00:13:42,455 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHEN THE FORCE DUE TO THE SEAT’S ACCELERATION 277 00:13:42,488 --> 00:13:45,858 {\an7}CAN MOVE DOWN THE SPINE. 278 00:13:45,892 --> 00:13:48,261 {\an7}BUT IF THE SPINE IS CURVED, 279 00:13:48,294 --> 00:13:51,164 {\an7}THAT FORCE CAN STRETCH VERTEBRAE OUT OF ALIGNMENT, 280 00:13:51,197 --> 00:13:54,534 {\an7}LEADING TO INJURY. 281 00:13:54,567 --> 00:13:56,736 {\an7}INCREDIBLY, 282 00:13:56,769 --> 00:14:00,906 {\an7}LYNCH’S BRAVERY DOESN’T STOP \h\h\hWITH THE GROUND TESTS. 283 00:14:00,940 --> 00:14:04,410 {\an7}ON JULY 24, 1946, 284 00:14:04,444 --> 00:14:07,213 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHE VOLUNTEERS FOR THE FIRST AERIAL TEST 285 00:14:07,246 --> 00:14:10,182 {\an7}OF MARTIN-BAKER’S EJECTION SEAT. 286 00:14:10,216 --> 00:14:13,052 {\an7}Martin: BERNARD, WHILE SMOKING ONE OR TWO CIGARETTES, 287 00:14:13,086 --> 00:14:15,989 {\an7}\h\h\hBRAVELY STRODE OUT TO THE GLOSTER METEOR F3, 288 00:14:16,022 --> 00:14:18,224 {\an7}\h\hSTRAPPED HIMSELF IN THE EJECTION SEAT. 289 00:14:18,257 --> 00:14:22,061 {\an7}\h\hA SHORT WAVE OF THE HAND, AND THE AIRCRAFT TAXIED AWAY. 290 00:14:22,095 --> 00:14:24,931 {\an7}\h\hNarrator: TRAVELING OVER 300 MILES AN HOUR, 291 00:14:24,964 --> 00:14:27,333 {\an7}AT AROUND 8,000 FEET, 292 00:14:27,367 --> 00:14:31,004 {\an7}\h\h\h\hLYNCH EJECTS OUT OF THE AIRCRAFT. 293 00:14:31,037 --> 00:14:34,240 {\an7}Martin: HE THEN HAD TO MANUALLY SEPARATE HIMSELF FROM THE SEAT, 294 00:14:34,273 --> 00:14:35,941 {\an7}FALL CLEAR OF THE SEAT, 295 00:14:35,975 --> 00:14:38,544 {\an7}\hAND THEN MANUALLY PULL HIS PARACHUTE. 296 00:14:38,578 --> 00:14:41,881 {\an7}AND THAT WHOLE PROCESS TOOK AROUND 30 SECONDS. 297 00:14:41,914 --> 00:14:44,884 {\an7}HE SAFELY DESCENDED \h\h\hTO THE GROUND 298 00:14:44,917 --> 00:14:48,154 {\an7}AND WAS GREETED AS A HERO. 299 00:14:48,187 --> 00:14:50,856 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: LYNCH DOESN’T EJECT JUST ONCE, 300 00:14:50,890 --> 00:14:53,659 {\an7}BUT 30 TIMES, 301 00:14:53,693 --> 00:14:55,495 {\an7}ALLOWING MARTIN-BAKER 302 00:14:55,528 --> 00:14:59,132 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTO PRODUCE THEIR FIRST FLIGHT PRODUCTION EJECTION SEAT, 303 00:14:59,165 --> 00:15:02,168 {\an7}THE MB-MARK 1. 304 00:15:02,201 --> 00:15:03,436 {\an7}Duford: WHEN YOU LOOK \h\h\hAT THE HISTORY 305 00:15:03,469 --> 00:15:06,472 {\an7}OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EJECTION SEATS, 306 00:15:06,506 --> 00:15:09,009 {\an7}THERE ARE INDIVIDUALS WHO REALLY STAND OUT, 307 00:15:09,041 --> 00:15:11,510 {\an7}THERE ARE INDIVIDUALS WHO \h\h\hRISKED THEIR LIVES, 308 00:15:11,544 --> 00:15:13,446 {\an7}THEY RISKED THEIR HEALTH. 309 00:15:13,479 --> 00:15:18,484 {\an7}ONE OF THE EARLY ONES \hWAS BERNARD LYNCH. 310 00:15:18,518 --> 00:15:20,320 {\an7}Narrator: DESPITE ITS SUCCESS, 311 00:15:20,353 --> 00:15:26,626 {\an7}\hTHE MB-MARK 1 COMES TOO LATE TO HELP PILOTS DURING THE WAR. 312 00:15:26,659 --> 00:15:28,694 {\an7}EVEN SO, 313 00:15:28,728 --> 00:15:31,264 {\an7}\hTHE ENGINEERS ARE ABOUT TO REALIZE THE POTENTIAL 314 00:15:31,297 --> 00:15:34,600 {\an7}OF EJECTION SEATS. 315 00:15:34,634 --> 00:15:39,139 {\an7}MAY 30, 1949, CENTRAL ENGLAND. 316 00:15:39,172 --> 00:15:41,641 {\an7}PILOT JO LANCASTER IS TESTING 317 00:15:41,674 --> 00:15:46,012 {\an7}\hTHE EXPERIMENTAL A.W.52 FLYING WING 318 00:15:46,045 --> 00:15:50,016 {\an7}TO SEE HOW IT HANDLES \h\h\hAT HIGH SPEED. 319 00:15:50,049 --> 00:15:51,751 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hJo Lancaster: I WAS TO INCREASE THE SPEED 320 00:15:51,784 --> 00:15:56,255 {\an7}\hTO SOMETHING LIKE 330 MILES AN HOUR, 321 00:15:56,289 --> 00:16:02,796 {\an7}AND AN OSCILLATION IN PITCH SET IN VERY, VERY QUICKLY. 322 00:16:02,829 --> 00:16:06,499 {\an7}\hNarrator: SUDDENLY JO’S BEING THROWN UP AND DOWN OVER SIX FEET 323 00:16:06,532 --> 00:16:10,269 {\an7}EVERY ONE AND A HALF SECONDS. 324 00:16:10,303 --> 00:16:11,471 {\an7}Lancaster: THE RESULT OF THAT 325 00:16:11,504 --> 00:16:14,607 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWAS THAT I BECAME COMPLETELY DISORIENTATED. 326 00:16:14,640 --> 00:16:17,443 {\an7}THERE WAS A HUGE NOISE GOING ON. 327 00:16:17,477 --> 00:16:19,946 {\an7}I THOUGHT THE AIRCRAFT \h\h\hWAS BREAKING UP. 328 00:16:19,979 --> 00:16:25,318 {\an7}AND I THINK IT WAS JUST INSTINCT THAT TOLD ME TO EJECT. 329 00:16:25,351 --> 00:16:27,553 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: JO PULLS DOWN HIS FACE BLIND, 330 00:16:27,587 --> 00:16:30,557 {\an7}\h\hFIRING HIS SEAT’S EXPLOSIVE CATAPULTS, 331 00:16:30,590 --> 00:16:34,227 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hEJECTING HIM AWAY FROM HIS CRIPPLED AIRCRAFT. 332 00:16:34,260 --> 00:16:37,430 {\an7}SOON AFTER THAT, \hHE BLACKS OUT. 333 00:16:37,463 --> 00:16:38,764 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLancaster: THEN I CAME TO MY SENSES 334 00:16:38,798 --> 00:16:42,435 {\an7}AND REALIZED THAT I HAD TO \h\h\h\hRELEASE MY HARNESS, 335 00:16:42,468 --> 00:16:45,004 {\an7}LEAVE THE SEAT, 336 00:16:45,037 --> 00:16:49,308 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THEN PULL THE PARACHUTE RIPCORD. 337 00:16:49,342 --> 00:16:52,078 {\an7}AS SOON AS THE CANOPY DEPLOYED, 338 00:16:52,111 --> 00:16:56,282 {\an7}\h\h\hI SAW THE SEAT GO FLASHING PAST ME. 339 00:16:56,315 --> 00:16:59,785 {\an7}I LANDED VERY BADLY, DAMAGED MY SHOULDER. 340 00:16:59,819 --> 00:17:04,290 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hUH, BUT OTHERWISE I WAS ABLE TO GET UP AND WALK. 341 00:17:04,323 --> 00:17:06,025 {\an7}Narrator: JO LANCASTER 342 00:17:06,058 --> 00:17:10,696 {\an7}\h\h\hBECOMES BRITAIN’S FIRST SUCCESSFUL EMERGENCY EJECTEE, 343 00:17:10,730 --> 00:17:14,200 {\an7}AND THE ENGINEERS ARE ECSTATIC. 344 00:17:14,233 --> 00:17:16,435 {\an7}Martin: THERE WAS A GREAT CHEER AROUND THE SITE. 345 00:17:16,469 --> 00:17:18,805 {\an7}AND MY GRANDFATHER AND THE WHOLE TEAM 346 00:17:18,838 --> 00:17:20,173 {\an7}WERE RIGHTLY PROUD 347 00:17:20,206 --> 00:17:23,242 {\an7}\h\h\hTHAT A SEAT THAT HAD BEEN DESIGNED BY HIMSELF AND HIS TEAM 348 00:17:23,276 --> 00:17:25,645 {\an7}SUCCESSFULLY SAVED A LIFE. 349 00:17:29,315 --> 00:17:31,517 {\an7}Narrator: BUT THE RAPID \h\h\hPACE OF AVIATION 350 00:17:31,551 --> 00:17:37,090 {\an7}MEANS EJECTION SEAT ENGINEERS CAN’T REST ON THEIR LAURELS. 351 00:17:37,123 --> 00:17:38,791 {\an7}CAPTAIN CHUCK YEAGER 352 00:17:38,824 --> 00:17:41,327 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hPAVES THE WAY FOR MUCH FASTER AIRCRAFT 353 00:17:41,360 --> 00:17:42,962 {\an7}\h\h\hWHEN HE BREAKS THE SOUND BARRIER... 354 00:17:42,995 --> 00:17:44,063 {\an7}[BOOM] 355 00:17:44,096 --> 00:17:47,166 {\an7}...IN OCTOBER 1947. 356 00:17:47,199 --> 00:17:49,301 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHallion: WITH SUPERSONIC FLIGHT, 357 00:17:49,335 --> 00:17:51,037 {\an7}NOW ONE HAD TO BE CONCERNED 358 00:17:51,070 --> 00:17:53,639 {\an7}ABOUT GETTING THE PILOT \h\h\h\hOUT OF AIRCRAFT 359 00:17:53,673 --> 00:17:56,943 {\an7}THAT WERE MOVING MUCH FASTER. 360 00:17:56,976 --> 00:17:59,512 {\an7}Narrator: IT’S THE SAME PROBLEM ENGINEERS FIRST ENCOUNTERED 361 00:17:59,545 --> 00:18:02,148 {\an7}DURING WORLD WAR II, 362 00:18:02,181 --> 00:18:05,518 {\an7}ONLY NOW TAIL FINS \hARE MUCH TALLER, 363 00:18:05,551 --> 00:18:09,455 {\an7}\h\h\hAS THIS F-102 DELTA DAGGER SHOWS. 364 00:18:09,488 --> 00:18:11,924 {\an7}\h\h\hDuford: THIS TAIL IS ABSOLUTELY ENORMOUS 365 00:18:11,958 --> 00:18:13,026 {\an7}AND KNIFE-EDGE SHAPE. 366 00:18:13,059 --> 00:18:15,929 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE PILOT, GOING AT SUPERSONIC SPEED, 367 00:18:15,962 --> 00:18:17,964 {\an7}HAD TO CLEAR THAT TAIL. 368 00:18:17,997 --> 00:18:19,499 {\an7}\h\hHallion: ONCE AGAIN WE SEE THAT CHALLENGE, 369 00:18:19,532 --> 00:18:21,167 {\an7}HOW DO WE KEEP THE PILOT 370 00:18:21,200 --> 00:18:23,069 {\an7}FROM HITTING THE STRUCTURE \h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE VEHICLE? 371 00:18:23,102 --> 00:18:27,506 {\an7}\h\h\h\hHOW DO WE GET THE PILOT HIGH ENOUGH FROM THAT AIRPLANE? 372 00:18:27,540 --> 00:18:29,842 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE SIMPLE SOLUTION SHOULD BE 373 00:18:29,875 --> 00:18:32,845 {\an7}TO ADD MORE EXPLOSIVES \h\h\h\h\hTO THE SEAT. 374 00:18:32,878 --> 00:18:36,315 {\an7}Duford: THE EJECTION SEAT HAS TO EJECT FAST ENOUGH 375 00:18:36,349 --> 00:18:38,918 {\an7}TO CLEAR THE TAIL OF THE AIRCRAFT. 376 00:18:38,951 --> 00:18:41,353 {\an7}BUT THE FASTER IT GOES, 377 00:18:41,387 --> 00:18:44,724 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE LESS LIKELY THE PILOT IS GOING TO SURVIVE. 378 00:18:44,757 --> 00:18:47,226 {\an7}Narrator: WITH BANG SEATS \hALREADY EJECTING PILOTS 379 00:18:47,259 --> 00:18:49,695 {\an7}AT THE LIMITS OF HUMAN SAFETY, 380 00:18:49,729 --> 00:18:51,431 {\an7}SUPERSONIC JETS 381 00:18:51,464 --> 00:18:55,101 {\an7}\h\hPRESENT A SEEMINGLY INSURMOUNTABLE PROBLEM. 382 00:18:58,337 --> 00:19:00,306 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDuford: SO IT BASICALLY CAME DOWN TO, 383 00:19:00,339 --> 00:19:04,176 {\an7}IF YOU CAN’T GO UP, \h\h\hTHEN GO DOWN. 384 00:19:04,210 --> 00:19:07,046 {\an7}Narrator: IT’S A NOVEL IDEA. 385 00:19:07,079 --> 00:19:11,817 {\an7}\hDROPPING AIRCREW DOWNWARDS AVOIDS THE JET STRIKING THEM, 386 00:19:11,851 --> 00:19:14,020 {\an7}NO MATTER HOW FAST \h\hIT’S TRAVELING. 387 00:19:16,956 --> 00:19:22,128 {\an7}THE NEW DOWNWARD SEAT IS FITTED TO THE F-104 STARFIGHTER JET. 388 00:19:22,161 --> 00:19:25,231 {\an7}BUT IT HAD ONE FATAL FLAW... 389 00:19:25,264 --> 00:19:28,834 {\an7}FOR PILOTS EJECTING \hAT LOW ALTITUDE. 390 00:19:28,868 --> 00:19:31,137 {\an7}Duford: THERE WERE AT LEAST \h\h\h\h20 AIR FORCE PILOTS 391 00:19:31,170 --> 00:19:32,204 {\an7}WHO WERE KILLED, 392 00:19:32,238 --> 00:19:34,440 {\an7}\hAND IN PARTICULAR ONE NOTABLE PILOT, 393 00:19:34,473 --> 00:19:37,009 {\an7}IVAN KINCHELOE. 394 00:19:37,043 --> 00:19:39,812 {\an7}Narrator: KINCHELOE WAS A HERO OF THE KOREAN WAR 395 00:19:39,845 --> 00:19:42,381 {\an7}AND AN ACE TEST PILOT. 396 00:19:42,415 --> 00:19:47,654 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT IN JULY 1958, HE GETS INTO DIFFICULTY. 397 00:19:47,687 --> 00:19:49,689 {\an7}Hallion: HE TRIED DESPERATELY \h\h\h\hTO ROLL THE AIRCRAFT 398 00:19:49,722 --> 00:19:50,990 {\an7}SO THAT THE SEAT WOULD GO UP, 399 00:19:51,023 --> 00:19:53,559 {\an7}BUT WAS NOT ABLE TO DO IT IN TIME. 400 00:19:53,592 --> 00:19:56,462 {\an7}\h\hDuford: HE WAS KILLED AT LOW LEVEL IN AN F-104, 401 00:19:56,495 --> 00:19:59,465 {\an7}USING A DOWNWARD EJECTION SEAT. 402 00:19:59,498 --> 00:20:01,266 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: KINCHELOE’S TRAGIC DEATH 403 00:20:01,300 --> 00:20:03,602 {\an7}SHOCKS THE AIR FORCE FRATERNITY, 404 00:20:03,636 --> 00:20:06,839 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hENDING THE IDEA OF DOWNWARD EJECTION SEATS. 405 00:20:10,109 --> 00:20:14,614 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF EJECTING RAPIDLY WITHOUT INJURY, 406 00:20:14,647 --> 00:20:17,917 {\an7}IT’S BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD. 407 00:20:17,950 --> 00:20:19,084 {\an7}IN ENGLAND, 408 00:20:19,118 --> 00:20:21,654 {\an7}ENGINEERS AT THE MARTIN-BAKER \h\h\h\h\h\hAIRCRAFT COMPANY 409 00:20:21,687 --> 00:20:25,424 {\an7}THINK THEY HAVE A SOLUTION: 410 00:20:25,458 --> 00:20:27,994 {\an7}ROCKET MOTORS. 411 00:20:28,027 --> 00:20:29,862 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMartin: THE ENGINEERING TEAM REALIZED 412 00:20:29,895 --> 00:20:32,831 {\an7}THAT AN UNDER-SEAT ROCKET MOTOR ATTACHED TO THE SEAT 413 00:20:32,865 --> 00:20:34,834 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWOULD SOLVE A LOT OF THE PROBLEMS 414 00:20:34,867 --> 00:20:37,336 {\an7}THAT THEY WERE BEING FACED WITH. 415 00:20:37,369 --> 00:20:40,906 {\an7}Narrator: ROCKET MOTORS ALLOW \h\hFOR A HIGHER TRAJECTORY, 416 00:20:40,940 --> 00:20:44,143 {\an7}BUT WITH A RELATIVELY GRADUAL ACCELERATION. 417 00:20:44,176 --> 00:20:46,912 {\an7}Perry: SO YOU HAD A NICE BALANCE 418 00:20:46,946 --> 00:20:49,382 {\an7}OF YOU’RE GETTING THE SEAT \h\hAWAY FROM THE AIRCRAFT, 419 00:20:49,415 --> 00:20:51,651 {\an7}AND YOU’RE NOT PROVIDING \h\h\h\h\hSO MUCH ENERGY 420 00:20:51,684 --> 00:20:55,021 {\an7}\hTHAT YOU’RE DAMAGING THE SPINE OF THE PILOT. 421 00:20:55,054 --> 00:20:59,892 {\an7}\h\h\h\hDuford: THE CHANGE FROM EXPLOSIVES TO ROCKETS 422 00:20:59,925 --> 00:21:01,760 {\an7}WAS REVOLUTIONARY. 423 00:21:01,794 --> 00:21:03,296 {\an7}[WHIZZING] 424 00:21:03,329 --> 00:21:06,666 {\an7}Narrator: BUT SUCCESSFULLY \hESCAPING A SUPERSONIC JET 425 00:21:06,699 --> 00:21:09,869 {\an7}IS JUST THE FIRST PART \h\h\h\hOF THE PROBLEM. 426 00:21:09,902 --> 00:21:12,371 {\an7}\h\h\h\hPerry: WHEN A PILOT EJECTS OUT OF HIS AIRCRAFT 427 00:21:12,404 --> 00:21:14,973 {\an7}AT A SUPERSONIC SPEED, 428 00:21:15,007 --> 00:21:16,609 {\an7}ALL HELL BREAKS LOOSE. 429 00:21:16,642 --> 00:21:20,880 {\an7}THE BODY IS NO LONGER PROTECTED FROM AERODYNAMIC FORCES. 430 00:21:20,913 --> 00:21:23,182 {\an7}Narrator: SLAMMING INTO THE AIR AT HIGH SPEED, 431 00:21:23,215 --> 00:21:28,887 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hPILOTS EXPERIENCE A MASSIVE DECELERATION FORCE. 432 00:21:28,921 --> 00:21:31,557 {\an7}\h\h\h\hAND AT THE DAWN OF THE SUPERSONIC AGE, 433 00:21:31,590 --> 00:21:36,762 {\an7}\hNOBODY KNOWS HOW MUCH THE BODY CAN WITHSTAND. 434 00:21:36,796 --> 00:21:40,333 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT ONE MAN IS DETERMINED TO FIND OUT-- 435 00:21:40,366 --> 00:21:42,034 {\an7}CAPTAIN JOHN STAPP. 436 00:21:42,067 --> 00:21:44,469 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hDuford: JOHN STAPP IS ANOTHER ONE OF THOSE FIGURES 437 00:21:44,503 --> 00:21:47,006 {\an7}WHO IS ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL \h\h\h\hTO THE DEVELOPMENT 438 00:21:47,039 --> 00:21:51,410 {\an7}OF SAFE AND EFFECTIVE \h\h\hEJECTION SEATS. 439 00:21:51,443 --> 00:21:54,413 {\an7}Hallion: OF ALL THE AVIATION \h\hRESEARCHERS WE THINK OF, 440 00:21:54,446 --> 00:21:58,350 {\an7}I THINK HE WAS REALLY THE MOST REMARKABLE. 441 00:21:58,384 --> 00:22:01,087 {\an7}Narrator: AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE 442 00:22:01,120 --> 00:22:03,923 {\an7}IS A STORAGE HANGAR. 443 00:22:03,956 --> 00:22:10,162 {\an7}\h\h\h\hINSIDE LIES THE REASON JOHN STAPP IS SO REVERED TODAY. 444 00:22:10,196 --> 00:22:12,899 {\an7}\h\hDuford: AND JUST BEHIND THIS OLD CAR, HERE IT IS-- 445 00:22:12,932 --> 00:22:15,668 {\an7}JOHN STAPP’S ROCKET SLED. 446 00:22:15,701 --> 00:22:18,604 {\an7}\hTHIS IS A TRULY SIGNIFICANT PIECE 447 00:22:18,637 --> 00:22:21,673 {\an7}OF EJECTION SEAT HISTORY. 448 00:22:21,707 --> 00:22:23,642 {\an7}Narrator: STAPP’S INTERESTED 449 00:22:23,676 --> 00:22:27,380 {\an7}IN HOW RAPID DECELERATION \h\h\h\hAFFECTS THE BODY. 450 00:22:27,413 --> 00:22:29,582 {\an7}\h\h\hHIS CURIOSITY LEADS HIM TO DESIGN 451 00:22:29,615 --> 00:22:34,386 {\an7}SOME OF THE MOST EXTREME HUMAN EXPERIMENTS EVER UNDERTAKEN. 452 00:22:34,420 --> 00:22:37,523 {\an7}\h\hDuford: NOW, NORMALLY THIS COVER WASN’T ON IT. 453 00:22:37,556 --> 00:22:40,159 {\an7}HE WOULD HAVE THE FULL WINDBLAST IN HIS FACE. 454 00:22:40,192 --> 00:22:43,629 {\an7}AND THEN IF WE COME AROUND \h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO THE BACK, 455 00:22:43,662 --> 00:22:45,864 {\an7}\h\hTHESE ROCKETS TOGETHER HAD A THRUST THAT WAS EQUAL 456 00:22:45,898 --> 00:22:47,800 {\an7}TO A TYPICAL JET FIGHTER \h\h\h\h\h\hAT THE TIME-- 457 00:22:47,833 --> 00:22:50,602 {\an7}4,000 POUNDS OF THRUST. 458 00:22:50,636 --> 00:22:52,471 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: AT OVER 200 MILES PER HOUR, 459 00:22:52,504 --> 00:22:55,640 {\an7}STAPP’S FIRST SLED, \h\hTHE GEE-WHIZZ, 460 00:22:55,674 --> 00:22:57,409 {\an7}IS FAST... 461 00:22:57,443 --> 00:23:00,947 {\an7}BUT NOWHERE NEAR AS FAST \hAS SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT. 462 00:23:00,980 --> 00:23:03,449 {\an7}Duford: THEN WHAT DOES HE DO? 463 00:23:03,482 --> 00:23:08,120 {\an7}HE CREATES ANOTHER SLED THAT CAN GO MORE THAN 600 MILES AN HOUR. 464 00:23:08,153 --> 00:23:11,123 {\an7}Man: COLONEL STAPP WILL COME FROM OVER 600 MILES PER HOUR 465 00:23:11,156 --> 00:23:12,424 {\an7}TO A STOP 466 00:23:12,458 --> 00:23:14,827 {\an7}IN LESS THAN 1 1/2 SECONDS. 467 00:23:14,860 --> 00:23:17,963 {\an7}THREE, TWO, ONE... 468 00:23:17,997 --> 00:23:21,067 {\an7}FIRE! 469 00:23:21,100 --> 00:23:22,868 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: STAPP DRAMATICALLY SIMULATES 470 00:23:22,902 --> 00:23:25,872 {\an7}\hTHE DECELERATION A PILOT WOULD FEEL 471 00:23:25,905 --> 00:23:30,109 {\an7}AS HE EJECTS AT HIGH SPEED. 472 00:23:30,142 --> 00:23:32,344 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hPerry: HE WAS EXPOSING HIMSELF 473 00:23:32,378 --> 00:23:35,548 {\an7}TO ENERGY LEVELS THAT NOBODY THOUGHT WOULD BE SURVIVABLE. 474 00:23:35,581 --> 00:23:37,983 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHallion: HE WAS RISKING HIS OWN LIFE. 475 00:23:38,017 --> 00:23:42,054 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHE WOULD RECEIVE VIOLENT, POUNDING PUNISHMENT 476 00:23:42,087 --> 00:23:46,458 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hFROM THE G LOADINGS OF MAKING THOSE ABRUPT STOPS. 477 00:23:46,492 --> 00:23:50,096 {\an7}Perry: HE ENDED UP WITH BROKEN BONES AND SOME BROKEN RIBS, 478 00:23:50,129 --> 00:23:52,198 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND HE RUPTURED ALL THE CAPILLARIES IN HIS EYEBALLS 479 00:23:52,231 --> 00:23:54,200 {\an7}FROM HIS TEST. 480 00:23:54,233 --> 00:23:55,601 {\an7}Man: FOUR, THREE... 481 00:23:55,634 --> 00:23:57,536 {\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: STAPP’S FINAL RUN 482 00:23:57,569 --> 00:24:02,707 {\an7}SUBJECTS HIM TO AN INCREDIBLE \h\h\hFORCE OF ALMOST 40 Gs-- 483 00:24:02,741 --> 00:24:05,210 {\an7}OVER TWICE WHAT’S CONSIDERED \h\h\h\h\h\hTHE LETHAL LIMIT. 484 00:24:08,948 --> 00:24:09,949 {\an7}HE LIVES, 485 00:24:09,982 --> 00:24:12,551 {\an7}\h\hPROVING EJECTING AT SUPERSONIC SPEEDS 486 00:24:12,584 --> 00:24:14,186 {\an7}IS SURVIVABLE. 487 00:24:18,157 --> 00:24:24,930 {\an7}BUT PERSUADING PILOTS WOULD TAKE AN EQUALLY DEATH-DEFYING EVENT. 488 00:24:24,964 --> 00:24:31,337 {\an7}FEBRUARY 26, 1955, \h\h\hLOS ANGELES. 489 00:24:31,370 --> 00:24:36,809 {\an7}TEST PILOT GEORGE SMITH PREPARES TO FLY THE NEW SUPER SABRE JET. 490 00:24:39,445 --> 00:24:42,315 {\an7}\hHallion: HE WAS FLYING A PRODUCTION TEST FLIGHT 491 00:24:42,348 --> 00:24:44,417 {\an7}IN A NEW NORTH AMERICAN FIGHTER, THE F-100, 492 00:24:44,450 --> 00:24:46,585 {\an7}AND HE HAD A CONTROL PROBLEM 493 00:24:46,618 --> 00:24:48,487 {\an7}THAT CAUSED THE AIRCRAFT \h\h\h\h\h\hTO PITCH OVER 494 00:24:48,520 --> 00:24:51,390 {\an7}\h\hAND ACCELERATE AT VERY HIGH SPEED. 495 00:24:51,423 --> 00:24:54,159 {\an7}Duford: HE WAS GOING FASTER \hTHAN THE SPEED OF SOUND, 496 00:24:54,193 --> 00:24:56,662 {\an7}STRAIGHT AT THE EARTH, 497 00:24:56,695 --> 00:24:58,497 {\an7}AND HE WAS IN REAL TROUBLE. 498 00:25:01,100 --> 00:25:04,804 {\an7}AND AT 6,000 FEET, HE EJECTED. 499 00:25:07,239 --> 00:25:10,142 {\an7}Hallion: SMITH EJECTED \hAT VERY LOW ALTITUDE 500 00:25:10,175 --> 00:25:12,611 {\an7}INTO VERY DENSE AIR. 501 00:25:12,644 --> 00:25:15,380 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: AT 777 MILES AN HOUR-- 502 00:25:15,414 --> 00:25:17,349 {\an7}FASTER THAN SOUND-- 503 00:25:17,383 --> 00:25:23,256 {\an7}HE’S SUBJECTED TO A DECELERATING FORCE OF ALMOST 40 Gs. 504 00:25:23,288 --> 00:25:28,093 {\an7}THE SUDDEN DECREASE IN PRESSURE CAUSES HIS ENTIRE BODY TO SWELL. 505 00:25:28,127 --> 00:25:31,397 {\an7}\h\h\hDuford: IN FACT, HE WAS SO BLOATED FROM THE WINDBLAST 506 00:25:31,430 --> 00:25:33,465 {\an7}THAT WHEN HE LANDED IN THE WATER BELOW, 507 00:25:33,499 --> 00:25:35,901 {\an7}HE ACTUALLY FLOATED. 508 00:25:35,934 --> 00:25:39,538 {\an7}Narrator: SMITH’S EJECTION PROVES JOHN STAPP IS RIGHT. 509 00:25:39,571 --> 00:25:41,706 {\an7}WITH AN EJECTION SEAT, 510 00:25:41,740 --> 00:25:45,911 {\an7}SURVIVING AT SUPERSONIC SPEEDS IS POSSIBLE. 511 00:25:45,944 --> 00:25:47,479 {\an7}\h\hMan: ANY MEMORIES OF THAT LAST FLIGHT? 512 00:25:47,513 --> 00:25:48,814 {\an7}\h\h\h\hGeorge Smith: WELL, UP TO THE POINT I EJECTED. 513 00:25:48,847 --> 00:25:50,849 {\an7}AFTER THAT MY MEMORY’S A BLANK. 514 00:25:50,883 --> 00:25:52,685 {\an7}I GUESS I’M PRETTY LUCKY \h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO BE HERE. 515 00:25:52,718 --> 00:25:53,852 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDuford: IT SEEMED TO BE A MIRACLE 516 00:25:53,886 --> 00:25:56,589 {\an7}\h\h\hTHAT HE SURVIVED A SUPERSONIC EJECTION. 517 00:25:56,622 --> 00:25:58,891 {\an7}AND IF GEORGE SMITH CAN SURVIVE, 518 00:25:58,924 --> 00:26:03,529 {\an7}\hTHEN OTHER PILOTS COULD SURVIVE, TOO. 519 00:26:03,562 --> 00:26:04,663 {\an7}Narrator: IT’S A BREAKTHROUGH 520 00:26:04,696 --> 00:26:09,834 {\an7}\h\h\hTHAT PROVES VITAL IN THE YEARS TO FOLLOW. 521 00:26:09,868 --> 00:26:14,706 {\an7}\h\h\hTHE 1950s SEE INCREASING TENSIONS BETWEEN EAST AND WEST, 522 00:26:14,740 --> 00:26:16,775 {\an7}ESCALATING A COLD WAR, 523 00:26:16,809 --> 00:26:23,582 {\an7}WHERE ONCE AGAIN AIR SUPERIORITY AND PILOT SURVIVAL IS CRITICAL, 524 00:26:23,615 --> 00:26:27,652 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hUPPING THE STAKES FOR EJECTION SEAT DESIGNERS. 525 00:26:27,686 --> 00:26:30,255 {\an7}\h\hDuford: EVERY LEAP IN AIRFRAME TECHNOLOGY, 526 00:26:30,289 --> 00:26:32,024 {\an7}PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY 527 00:26:32,057 --> 00:26:38,297 {\an7}\h\h\h\hALSO DEMANDED A LEAP IN EJECTION SEAT TECHNOLOGY. 528 00:26:38,330 --> 00:26:39,832 {\an7}Announcer: TODAY, THE PROBLEM \h\h\h\hOF GETTING THE PILOT 529 00:26:39,865 --> 00:26:41,800 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hSAFELY OUT OF A SUPERSONIC INTERCEPTOR 530 00:26:41,834 --> 00:26:44,704 {\an7}AT EXTREME ALTITUDES AND HIGH MACH NUMBERS 531 00:26:44,736 --> 00:26:47,572 {\an7}IS A GROWING CHALLENGE. 532 00:26:47,606 --> 00:26:51,210 {\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: A CHALLENGE THAT STRETCHES THE INGENUITY 533 00:26:51,243 --> 00:26:53,312 {\an7}OF EJECTION SEAT ENGINEERS 534 00:26:53,345 --> 00:26:56,615 {\an7}\h\h\hINTO THE REALMS OF BLUE-SKY THINKING. 535 00:26:56,648 --> 00:27:00,452 {\an7}[EXPLOSION] 536 00:27:02,254 --> 00:27:05,924 {\an7}\hAT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE 537 00:27:05,958 --> 00:27:08,260 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIS AN EXAMPLE OF JUST HOW SOPHISTICATED 538 00:27:08,293 --> 00:27:12,497 {\an7}THE DESIGNS WOULD BECOME. 539 00:27:12,531 --> 00:27:14,633 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDuford: THE B-58, WHICH IS RIGHT BEHIND ME HERE, 540 00:27:14,666 --> 00:27:16,434 {\an7}COULD FLY MORE THAN TWICE 541 00:27:16,468 --> 00:27:17,936 {\an7}THE SPEED OF SOUND. 542 00:27:17,970 --> 00:27:22,208 {\an7}THE ENVIRONMENT AT THAT SPEED \h\h\hWAS ABSOLUTELY DEADLY. 543 00:27:22,241 --> 00:27:24,643 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: ARMED WITH NUCLEAR WARHEADS, 544 00:27:24,676 --> 00:27:30,482 {\an7}THE B-58 FLIES AT AN ALTITUDE \h\h\h\hOF OVER 50,000 FEET, 545 00:27:30,516 --> 00:27:32,551 {\an7}WHERE THERE’S LITTLE AIR 546 00:27:32,584 --> 00:27:36,188 {\an7}\hAND THE TEMPERATURE IS MINUS 70 DEGREES. 547 00:27:36,221 --> 00:27:39,024 {\an7}THE CHALLENGE OF PROTECTING \h\h\h\hITS THREE-MAN CREW 548 00:27:39,057 --> 00:27:43,995 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hFALLS TO DESIGNERS AT STANLEY AVIATION IN DENVER. 549 00:27:44,029 --> 00:27:47,132 {\an7}THEIR SOLUTION: 550 00:27:47,166 --> 00:27:50,236 {\an7}A CAPSULE THAT COMPLETELY COCOONS EACH CREW MEMBER 551 00:27:50,269 --> 00:27:52,238 {\an7}ON EJECTION. 552 00:27:52,271 --> 00:27:54,373 {\an7}Duford: IT WORKED \hBY A CLAMSHELL. 553 00:27:54,406 --> 00:27:56,808 {\an7}THERE’S THREE PIECES HERE, 554 00:27:56,842 --> 00:28:00,679 {\an7}AND THESE CLAMSHELL DOORS WOULD CLOSE IN LESS THAN A SECOND... 555 00:28:00,712 --> 00:28:03,582 {\an7}\hMan: THE RESTRAINING STRAPS PULL HIM BACK INTO THE SEAT, 556 00:28:03,615 --> 00:28:07,486 {\an7}AND THE KNEES AND LEGS FOLD UP. 557 00:28:07,519 --> 00:28:10,889 {\an7}Duford: ENCAPSULATING THE AIRMAN IN A PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT 558 00:28:10,923 --> 00:28:14,059 {\an7}THAT WAS PRESSURIZED AND CONTAINED OXYGEN. 559 00:28:14,092 --> 00:28:16,595 {\an7}Man: THE PILOT WAITS \h\hFOR THE EJECTIONS 560 00:28:16,628 --> 00:28:18,063 {\an7}OF THE OTHER CREW MEMBERS 561 00:28:18,096 --> 00:28:21,232 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THEN PULLS HIS OWN EJECTION HANDLE. 562 00:28:24,269 --> 00:28:26,304 {\an7}Duford: THEN A PARACHUTE \h\h\h\h\h\hWOULD DEPLOY, 563 00:28:26,338 --> 00:28:27,706 {\an7}AND IT WOULD COME DOWN. 564 00:28:27,739 --> 00:28:31,243 {\an7}IT EVEN HAD FLOTATION CUSHIONS IF IT LANDED IN THE WATER. 565 00:28:31,276 --> 00:28:34,546 {\an7}\h\hNarrator: THE B-58 CAPSULE IS USED SUCCESSFULLY NINE TIMES 566 00:28:34,580 --> 00:28:36,749 {\an7}DURING THE COLD WAR, 567 00:28:36,782 --> 00:28:38,517 {\an7}BUT IT COMES AT A COST. 568 00:28:38,550 --> 00:28:41,053 {\an7}\h\h\h\hDuford: IT WAS DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN, 569 00:28:41,086 --> 00:28:44,222 {\an7}AND PERHAPS, MOST IMPORTANTLY, IT WEIGHED ABOUT 500 POUNDS, 570 00:28:44,256 --> 00:28:45,657 {\an7}WHICH WAS MORE THAN \h\h\hTWICE AS MUCH 571 00:28:45,691 --> 00:28:47,760 {\an7}AS A TYPICAL EJECTION SEAT. 572 00:28:47,793 --> 00:28:51,330 {\an7}SO, FOR THOSE REASONS, WE DON’T SEE THESE EJECTION CAPSULES 573 00:28:51,363 --> 00:28:53,031 {\an7}ON FUTURE AIRCRAFT. 574 00:28:57,936 --> 00:28:59,905 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: BUT AS THE COLD WAR DEEPENS, 575 00:28:59,938 --> 00:29:05,544 {\an7}\h\hDESIGNERS SEEK NEW WAYS TO IMPROVE PILOT SURVIVAL. 576 00:29:05,577 --> 00:29:06,912 {\an7}Duford: IT’S REMARKABLE 577 00:29:06,945 --> 00:29:10,148 {\an7}JUST HOW MUCH OF AN INFLUENCE \h\h\h\h\h\hTHE COLD WAR WAS 578 00:29:10,182 --> 00:29:14,720 {\an7}ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EJECTION SEATS. 579 00:29:14,753 --> 00:29:17,356 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: OVER THE LAST 40 YEARS, 580 00:29:17,389 --> 00:29:20,959 {\an7}\h\hRAY CARTER AT THE AEROSPACE ENGINEERING TEST ESTABLISHMENT 581 00:29:20,993 --> 00:29:23,128 {\an7}AT THE ROYAL CANADIAN AIR FORCE 582 00:29:23,161 --> 00:29:28,166 {\an7}\h\h\hHAS PLAYED A VITAL ROLE IN IMPROVING EJECTION SEATS. 583 00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:29,268 {\an7}Ray Carter: A BIG BREAKTHROUGH 584 00:29:29,301 --> 00:29:30,903 {\an7}IN EJECTION SEAT TECHNOLOGY 585 00:29:30,936 --> 00:29:32,771 {\an7}WAS AUTOMATION. 586 00:29:32,804 --> 00:29:35,040 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: SEAT LIMB RESTRAINT AUTOMATION 587 00:29:35,073 --> 00:29:38,176 {\an7}\h\h\hIS DRIVEN BY THE NEED TO PROTECT A PILOT’S LIMBS 588 00:29:38,210 --> 00:29:40,312 {\an7}WHEN EJECTING AT RAPID SPEEDS. 589 00:29:40,345 --> 00:29:43,014 {\an7}Carter: YOU CAN IMAGINE STICKING YOUR ARM OUT OF YOUR CAR 590 00:29:43,048 --> 00:29:44,283 {\an7}AT 60 MILES AN HOUR. 591 00:29:44,316 --> 00:29:45,751 {\an7}IT WANTS TO PULL BACKWARDS. 592 00:29:45,784 --> 00:29:48,053 {\an7}\h\h\hIF YOU DO THAT AT 600 MILES AN HOUR, 593 00:29:48,086 --> 00:29:49,321 {\an7}YOU’RE GONNA START \h\hBREAKING LIMBS, 594 00:29:49,354 --> 00:29:51,156 {\an7}\h\h\h\hYOU’RE GONNA DISLOCATE SHOULDERS, 595 00:29:51,189 --> 00:29:53,491 {\an7}\h\h\hYOU’RE GONNA HAVE ALL KINDS OF PROBLEMS. 596 00:29:53,525 --> 00:29:56,028 {\an7}Perry: LET’S TEST. 597 00:29:56,061 --> 00:29:57,729 {\an7}Narrator: TO DEMONSTRATE, 598 00:29:57,763 --> 00:29:59,398 {\an7}BIOMEDICAL ENGINEER CHRIS PERRY 599 00:29:59,431 --> 00:30:02,801 {\an7}AND HIS TEAM AT WRIGHT PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE 600 00:30:02,834 --> 00:30:05,070 {\an7}RUN A TEST ON A DUMMY \h\hFOR OUR CAMERAS. 601 00:30:05,103 --> 00:30:07,505 {\an7}Man: THREE, TWO, ONE... 602 00:30:10,042 --> 00:30:13,212 {\an7}Narrator: DELIBERATELY LEAVING ITS LIMBS UNRESTRAINED, 603 00:30:13,245 --> 00:30:16,515 {\an7}IT’S CLEAR TO SEE THE INJURIES THAT PILOTS RISK. 604 00:30:20,285 --> 00:30:21,820 {\an7}Carter: SO, AUTOMATION \h\hHAS TAKEN OVER NOW. 605 00:30:21,853 --> 00:30:23,588 {\an7}IT PULLS YOUR LEGS BACK, 606 00:30:23,622 --> 00:30:26,792 {\an7}\hAND THE CALVES ARE PUSHED INTO THESE CALF GUARDS HERE 607 00:30:26,825 --> 00:30:28,293 {\an7}TO PREVENT ANY LEG FLAILING, 608 00:30:28,327 --> 00:30:31,163 {\an7}AND IT SECURES THEM TIGHTLY TO THE BUCKET OF THE SEAT. 609 00:30:31,196 --> 00:30:33,999 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hARM RESTRAINTS AVOID THAT FROM HAPPENING 610 00:30:34,032 --> 00:30:36,167 {\an7}\h\h\h\hBY PULLING YOUR ARMS INTO THE CENTER OF YOUR CHEST 611 00:30:36,201 --> 00:30:37,636 {\an7}AND HOLDING THEM THERE 612 00:30:37,669 --> 00:30:40,772 {\an7}\h\hUNTIL THEY’RE BALLISTICALLY RELEASED AS THE PARACHUTE OPENS. 613 00:30:40,806 --> 00:30:42,341 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: OTHER AUTOMATED FEATURES 614 00:30:42,374 --> 00:30:45,244 {\an7}HAVE ALSO BEEN BUILT INTO EJECTION SEATS: 615 00:30:45,277 --> 00:30:48,814 {\an7}AUTOMATIC STABILIZATION DEVICES. 616 00:30:48,847 --> 00:30:51,550 {\an7}AUTOMATIC SEAT SEPARATORS. 617 00:30:51,583 --> 00:30:55,220 {\an7}AND AUTOMATIC DROGUE CHUTE \hAND PARACHUTE DEPLOYMENT. 618 00:30:55,253 --> 00:30:58,957 {\an7}ALL INCREASE THE CHANCES \h\h\hOF PILOT SURVIVAL, 619 00:30:58,990 --> 00:31:01,326 {\an7}EVEN IN THE HARSHEST \h\h\h\hENVIRONMENTS. 620 00:31:04,196 --> 00:31:06,799 {\an7}EX-MILITARY PILOT BRIAN UDELL 621 00:31:06,832 --> 00:31:11,670 {\an7}\h\h\h\hIS LIVING TESTAMENT TO THE INGENUITY OF THESE CHANGES. 622 00:31:11,703 --> 00:31:15,173 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWITHOUT THEM, HE WOULDN’T BE HERE. 623 00:31:15,207 --> 00:31:17,309 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBrian Udell: THE STRIKE EAGLE THAT I FLEW 624 00:31:17,342 --> 00:31:20,579 {\an7}WAS THE NEWEST, MOST ADVANCED \h\h\h\hFIGHTER IN THE WORLD. 625 00:31:20,612 --> 00:31:23,281 {\an7}AND WHEN WE STARTED THAT AIRCRAFT UP THAT EVENING, 626 00:31:23,315 --> 00:31:25,884 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE COMPUTERS DIDN’T WANT TO COME TO WORK. 627 00:31:25,917 --> 00:31:28,319 {\an7}MAINTENANCE COULDN’T FIND \h\hANY SEVERE PROBLEMS, 628 00:31:28,353 --> 00:31:31,289 {\an7}SO THE AIRPLANE MUST BE GOOD. 629 00:31:31,323 --> 00:31:34,026 {\an7}Narrator: BUT AS BRIAN \hIS ABOUT TO FIND OUT, 630 00:31:34,059 --> 00:31:38,297 {\an7}\h\hTHE COMPUTERS ON BOARD HIS F-15 ARE FAR FROM GOOD. 631 00:31:38,330 --> 00:31:40,199 {\an7}Udell: THE FIRST INDICATION \h\h\hTHAT I HAD A PROBLEM 632 00:31:40,232 --> 00:31:42,501 {\an7}WAS I COULD HEAR THE WIND RUSHING OVER THE CANOPY. 633 00:31:42,534 --> 00:31:44,436 {\an7}I KNEW THIS AIRPLANE \h\hWAS GETTING FAST, 634 00:31:44,469 --> 00:31:46,171 {\an7}\h\hBUT WHAT I’M SEEING IN MY HEADS-UP DISPLAY 635 00:31:46,204 --> 00:31:47,672 {\an7}DOESN’T MAKE SENSE. 636 00:31:47,706 --> 00:31:51,243 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: UDELL IS UNSURE HOW FAST HE’S ACTUALLY FLYING. 637 00:31:51,276 --> 00:31:53,278 {\an7}Udell: SO I BROUGHT UP \hAN ATTITUDE INDICATOR 638 00:31:53,311 --> 00:31:55,613 {\an7}\hON A COLOR DISPLAY DOWN BETWEEN MY LEGS, 639 00:31:55,647 --> 00:31:57,682 {\an7}AND WHEN I LOOKED DOWN, 640 00:31:57,716 --> 00:32:01,453 {\an7}\h\hI SAW THE AIRCRAFT SCREAMING AT THE WATER. 641 00:32:01,486 --> 00:32:04,356 {\an7}THAT’S WHERE MY LIFE \h\hCHANGED FOREVER. 642 00:32:04,389 --> 00:32:06,258 {\an7}IT’S NIGHT, IT’S PITCH BLACK, 643 00:32:06,291 --> 00:32:09,161 {\an7}THERE’S NO MOON, NO STARS, \h\hNO DISCERNIBLE HORIZON, 644 00:32:09,194 --> 00:32:11,196 {\an7}AND I’VE GOT A LIMITED TIME \hTO TRY TO FIGURE THIS OUT 645 00:32:11,229 --> 00:32:12,564 {\an7}AND MAKE A DECISION. 646 00:32:12,597 --> 00:32:14,265 {\an7}AS I SAW 10,000 FEET GO BY 647 00:32:14,299 --> 00:32:16,301 {\an7}AND I KNEW THAT WE WOULD \h\h\h\h\hHIT THE WATER, 648 00:32:16,334 --> 00:32:17,869 {\an7}I COMMANDED THE EJECTION-- 649 00:32:17,903 --> 00:32:19,204 {\an7}EJECT, EJECT, EJECT-- 650 00:32:19,237 --> 00:32:21,506 {\an7}GOT IN THE BODY POSITION \hAND PULLED THE HANDLES. 651 00:32:21,540 --> 00:32:24,943 {\an7}IN THAT LENGTH OF TIME, \h\h4,000 FEET WENT BY. 652 00:32:24,976 --> 00:32:28,646 {\an7}Narrator: UDELL IS TRAVELING \h\hALMOST 800 MILES PER HOUR 653 00:32:28,680 --> 00:32:30,549 {\an7}WHEN HE SLAMS INTO THE AIR 654 00:32:30,582 --> 00:32:35,387 {\an7}BARELY 1,500 FEET ABOVE THE OCEAN. 655 00:32:35,420 --> 00:32:37,522 {\an7}\hUdell: HAD I WAITED EVEN A THIRD OF A SECOND LONGER 656 00:32:37,556 --> 00:32:38,991 {\an7}TO PULL THE HANDLES, 657 00:32:39,024 --> 00:32:41,960 {\an7}I WOULD HAVE IMPACTED THE WATER STILL IN MY EJECTION SEAT. 658 00:32:41,993 --> 00:32:43,228 {\an7}Perry: WHEN BRIAN EJECTED 659 00:32:43,261 --> 00:32:46,898 {\an7}AT SUPERSONIC SPEED AT A LOW ALTITUDE, 660 00:32:46,932 --> 00:32:51,136 {\an7}\h\h\hHE EXPOSED HIS BODY TO A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF ENERGY 661 00:32:51,169 --> 00:32:54,205 {\an7}BECAUSE OF THE HIGHER \hDENSITY OF THE AIR. 662 00:32:54,239 --> 00:32:58,076 {\an7}Udell: THE DECELERATION FORCES WERE UPWARDS OF 50 Gs. 663 00:32:58,109 --> 00:33:00,478 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE HUMAN BODY IS NOT DESIGNED TO HANDLE THAT. 664 00:33:00,512 --> 00:33:03,582 {\an7}IT NORMALLY JUST RIPS YOU APART. 665 00:33:03,615 --> 00:33:05,250 {\an7}Perry: TO DESCRIBE, 666 00:33:05,283 --> 00:33:08,019 {\an7}\h\hTHAT WOULD BE JUMPING OFF A CLIFF SEVERAL HUNDRED FEET 667 00:33:08,053 --> 00:33:10,622 {\an7}AND LANDING IN THE WATER \h\h\h\h\hPANCAKE-STYLE. 668 00:33:10,655 --> 00:33:13,158 {\an7}Udell: THE WINDBLAST IMMEDIATELY SNATCHED MY HELMET FROM MY HEAD. 669 00:33:13,191 --> 00:33:15,460 {\an7}IT BROKE ALL THE BLOOD VESSELS IN MY HEAD AND FACE. 670 00:33:15,494 --> 00:33:18,130 {\an7}MY HEAD, FROM THE PRESSURE, 671 00:33:18,163 --> 00:33:20,165 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS SWOLLEN THE SIZE OF A BASKETBALL. 672 00:33:20,198 --> 00:33:22,634 {\an7}MY LIPS WERE THE SIZE \h\h\h\hOF CUCUMBERS. 673 00:33:22,667 --> 00:33:25,203 {\an7}MY EYEBALLS, ALL THE BLOOD \h\h\hVESSELS WERE BROKEN. 674 00:33:25,237 --> 00:33:26,638 {\an7}Narrator: SEVERELY INJURED, 675 00:33:26,671 --> 00:33:30,575 {\an7}BRIAN RELIES ON THE SEAT’S RAPID AUTOMATED SEQUENCERS 676 00:33:30,609 --> 00:33:32,010 {\an7}TO SAVE HIS LIFE. 677 00:33:32,043 --> 00:33:33,978 {\an7}Udell: IT SEPARATED ME \h\hFROM THE AIRCRAFT. 678 00:33:34,012 --> 00:33:36,515 {\an7}IT DEPLOYED A DRAG-CHUTE \h\h\h\hTO SLOW ME DOWN. 679 00:33:36,548 --> 00:33:38,016 {\an7}IT SEPARATED ME FROM THE SEAT, 680 00:33:38,049 --> 00:33:41,185 {\an7}GAVE ME MY MAIN CANOPY BEFORE I HIT THE WATER. 681 00:33:41,219 --> 00:33:45,123 {\an7}MY BODY WENT FROM 800 MILES AN HOUR 682 00:33:45,156 --> 00:33:48,259 {\an7}TO HANGING UNDER A PARACHUTE \hIN JUST OVER THREE SECONDS. 683 00:33:50,462 --> 00:33:52,564 {\an7}Narrator: 20 YEARS ON, 684 00:33:52,597 --> 00:33:54,399 {\an7}BRIAN STILL HOLDS THE RECORD 685 00:33:54,432 --> 00:33:58,469 {\an7}AS THE FASTEST SURVIVING \h\h\h\h\hEJECTEE ALIVE, 686 00:33:58,503 --> 00:34:04,275 {\an7}\h\hTHANKS TO THE INGENUITY OF EJECTION SEAT ENGINEERS. 687 00:34:04,309 --> 00:34:07,913 {\an7}Udell: I’M ALIVE. 688 00:34:07,946 --> 00:34:10,382 {\an7}UH... 689 00:34:10,415 --> 00:34:13,351 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hYOU KNOW, THERE’S A LOT OF PEOPLE 690 00:34:13,385 --> 00:34:17,122 {\an7}\hTHAT PUT IN A LOT OF EFFORT AND WORK 691 00:34:17,155 --> 00:34:19,524 {\an7}TO SAVE PEOPLE LIKE ME. 692 00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:24,896 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: EJECTING FROM SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT 693 00:34:24,930 --> 00:34:26,732 {\an7}IS TECHNICALLY CHALLENGING, 694 00:34:26,765 --> 00:34:31,270 {\an7}BUT IN REALITY, IT’S RARE. 695 00:34:31,303 --> 00:34:32,971 {\an7}BUT THERE’S A PART OF FLYING 696 00:34:33,004 --> 00:34:35,507 {\an7}WHERE THE NEED TO GET OUT \hOF A STRICKEN AIRCRAFT 697 00:34:35,540 --> 00:34:37,942 {\an7}IS FAR MORE FREQUENT: 698 00:34:37,976 --> 00:34:40,779 {\an7}FLYING LOW AND SLOW. 699 00:34:43,014 --> 00:34:46,584 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA PILOT EJECTING IN AN EMERGENCY DURING LANDING 700 00:34:46,618 --> 00:34:49,888 {\an7}\h\hFACES A NUMBER OF ADDED PROBLEMS. 701 00:34:49,921 --> 00:34:54,325 {\an7}THE FIRST IS CALLED \h\hTHE SINK RATE. 702 00:34:54,359 --> 00:34:57,629 {\an7}Carter: IF YOU THINK OF YOURSELF FLYING ON A COMMERCIAL AIRLINE 703 00:34:57,662 --> 00:34:59,330 {\an7}AND YOU’RE COMING IN \h\h\hFOR A LANDING, 704 00:34:59,364 --> 00:35:01,199 {\an7}YOU FEEL THE PIT OF YOUR STOMACH MOVING A BIT. 705 00:35:01,232 --> 00:35:03,301 {\an7}WELL, THAT’S THE AIRCRAFT \hFALLING OUT OF THE SKY, 706 00:35:03,335 --> 00:35:04,770 {\an7}LITERALLY TO THE RUNWAY. 707 00:35:04,803 --> 00:35:06,538 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: AS A PLANE DESCENDS, 708 00:35:06,571 --> 00:35:09,374 {\an7}THE PILOT IS FALLING, TOO. 709 00:35:09,407 --> 00:35:10,575 {\an7}IF HE EJECTS, 710 00:35:10,609 --> 00:35:13,078 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHE’LL NEED AN EXTRA PROPULSIVE KICK 711 00:35:13,111 --> 00:35:16,815 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO OVERCOME THIS DOWNWARD MOTION. 712 00:35:16,848 --> 00:35:19,751 {\an7}Duford: SO NOT ONLY DOES IT HAVE TO GO UP TO COUNTERACT GRAVITY; 713 00:35:19,784 --> 00:35:23,721 {\an7}IT’S GOT TO GO OUT TO COUNTERACT THE SINK OF THE AIRCRAFT. 714 00:35:23,755 --> 00:35:26,958 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE SECOND PROBLEM IS PITCH. 715 00:35:26,992 --> 00:35:28,260 {\an7}ON TAKEOFF OR LANDING, 716 00:35:28,293 --> 00:35:31,096 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE COCKPIT IS RARELY HORIZONTAL. 717 00:35:31,129 --> 00:35:32,197 {\an7}DURING EJECTION, 718 00:35:32,230 --> 00:35:34,799 {\an7}IF THE SEAT DOESN’T CORRECT FOR PITCH, 719 00:35:34,833 --> 00:35:38,770 {\an7}IT CAN END UP TUMBLING. 720 00:35:38,803 --> 00:35:43,441 {\an7}THE LAST CHALLENGE IS DEPLOYING THE SEAT’S PARACHUTE. 721 00:35:43,475 --> 00:35:44,943 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDuford: THE PROBLEM WITH LOW AND SLOW, 722 00:35:44,976 --> 00:35:47,011 {\an7}OR EVEN BEING ON THE GROUND, 723 00:35:47,045 --> 00:35:49,548 {\an7}IS THAT THE PILOT HAS TO BE \h\h\h\hEJECTED HIGH ENOUGH 724 00:35:49,581 --> 00:35:51,950 {\an7}FOR THE PARACHUTE CANOPY \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO OPEN. 725 00:35:51,983 --> 00:35:54,652 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIF IT’S TOO LOW, THE PILOT WILL HIT THE GROUND 726 00:35:54,686 --> 00:35:57,889 {\an7}BEFORE THE PARACHUTE \h\h\hCAN CATCH THEM. 727 00:35:57,922 --> 00:36:00,925 {\an7}Narrator: JULY 2010. 728 00:36:00,959 --> 00:36:03,228 {\an7}CANADIAN PILOT BRIAN BEWS 729 00:36:03,261 --> 00:36:07,398 {\an7}IS ABOUT TO FACE THE DANGERS \h\hOF EJECTING LOW AND SLOW. 730 00:36:07,432 --> 00:36:09,401 {\an7}Bews: FEEL IT BITE. 731 00:36:09,434 --> 00:36:11,436 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: REHEARSING FOR AN AIR SHOW, 732 00:36:11,469 --> 00:36:14,939 {\an7}\h\hHE’S FLYING LESS THAN 200 FEET ABOVE THE GROUND 733 00:36:14,973 --> 00:36:16,842 {\an7}WHEN ONE OF HIS ENGINES FAIL. 734 00:36:16,875 --> 00:36:18,910 {\an7}[ALARM SOUNDS] 735 00:36:18,943 --> 00:36:22,413 {\an7}\h\hBews: YOU PULL THE EJECTION HANDLE HERE BETWEEN YOUR LEGS... 736 00:36:22,447 --> 00:36:24,983 {\an7}\h\hComputer voice: ALTITUDE. ALTITUDE. 737 00:36:25,016 --> 00:36:26,117 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBews: THE FIRST THING THAT HAPPENS 738 00:36:26,151 --> 00:36:27,953 {\an7}IS THE CANOPY IS EJECTED. 739 00:36:27,986 --> 00:36:29,588 {\an7}\hAND THEN THE SEAT GOES UP THE RAILS. 740 00:36:29,621 --> 00:36:32,724 {\an7}AT THE TOP OF THE RAILS, THE ROCKET MOTORS LIGHT. 741 00:36:32,757 --> 00:36:35,093 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hDuford: THE KEY TO OVERCOMING THE PROBLEM 742 00:36:35,126 --> 00:36:36,728 {\an7}OF LOW ALTITUDE EJECTION 743 00:36:36,761 --> 00:36:38,763 {\an7}IS ROCKETS. 744 00:36:38,797 --> 00:36:41,099 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THESE REMARKABLE IMAGES 745 00:36:41,132 --> 00:36:44,202 {\an7}REVEAL HOW ROCKET MOTORS \h\h\h\h\hIN BRIAN’S SEAT 746 00:36:44,235 --> 00:36:47,572 {\an7}REACT TO HIS DEADLY PREDICAMENT. 747 00:36:47,605 --> 00:36:49,006 {\an7}HIS JET HAS ROLLED, 748 00:36:49,040 --> 00:36:53,077 {\an7}AND HE’S ALMOST HORIZONTAL \h\h\h\h\h\hWHEN HE EJECTS. 749 00:36:53,111 --> 00:36:59,117 {\an7}BUT ROCKETS WITH MOVABLE NOZZLES PROVIDE DIRECTIONAL THRUST, 750 00:36:59,150 --> 00:37:00,885 {\an7}AND AS THIS PICTURE SHOWS, 751 00:37:00,919 --> 00:37:02,988 {\an7}THEY SOON UPRIGHT HIM. 752 00:37:07,158 --> 00:37:09,727 {\an7}AND AT SUCH LOW ALTITUDE, 753 00:37:09,761 --> 00:37:13,031 {\an7}ROCKETS ARE USED TO RAPIDLY \h\h\hDEPLOY HIS PARACHUTE. 754 00:37:13,064 --> 00:37:14,399 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBews: IT’S A ROCKET-ASSISTED PARACHUTE 755 00:37:14,432 --> 00:37:16,200 {\an7}SO IT ACTUALLY HAS \hA ROCKET ON THERE 756 00:37:16,234 --> 00:37:20,205 {\an7}\h\hWHICH DRAGS THE PARACHUTE OUT OF ITS BAG VERY QUICKLY. 757 00:37:20,238 --> 00:37:23,041 {\an7}Narrator: THE SEQUENCE \h\hOF AUTOMATED EVENTS 758 00:37:23,074 --> 00:37:25,209 {\an7}HAPPENS IN AN INSTANT. 759 00:37:25,243 --> 00:37:27,145 {\an7}[EXPLOSIONS] 760 00:37:27,178 --> 00:37:29,981 {\an7}Man: WHOA, WHOA, WHOA. 761 00:37:30,014 --> 00:37:33,251 {\an7}Man: BRIAN, I HOPE \hYOU’RE OK, BUDDY. 762 00:37:33,284 --> 00:37:35,720 {\an7}I GOT EVERYTHING ON TAPE. 763 00:37:35,754 --> 00:37:38,991 {\an7}Bews: AND THE ONE THING \hTHAT REALLY STRUCK ME 764 00:37:39,023 --> 00:37:40,558 {\an7}WAS IT JUST HAPPENED SO FAST. 765 00:37:40,592 --> 00:37:43,161 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSO, FROM HAVING A FULLY SERVICEABLE JET 766 00:37:43,194 --> 00:37:44,862 {\an7}UNTIL BEING IN A PARACHUTE 767 00:37:44,896 --> 00:37:47,065 {\an7}WAS ONLY ABOUT A SECOND OR TWO. 768 00:37:47,098 --> 00:37:48,833 {\an7}Narrator: THE CANADIAN AIR FORCE MIGHT HAVE LOST 769 00:37:48,867 --> 00:37:52,237 {\an7}A MULTI-MILLION-DOLLAR \h\h\h\h\hJET FIGHTER, 770 00:37:52,270 --> 00:37:57,075 {\an7}\hBUT ITS EJECTION SEAT SAVES THE MOST VALUABLE COMPONENT: 771 00:37:57,108 --> 00:37:59,310 {\an7}THE PILOT. 772 00:37:59,344 --> 00:38:03,048 {\an7}Bews: I, UH, I SURVIVED, \h\h\h\hAND ALL IS WELL. 773 00:38:03,081 --> 00:38:05,383 {\an7}[EXPLOSION] 774 00:38:09,354 --> 00:38:10,956 {\an7}Narrator: AUTOMATED ROCKETS 775 00:38:10,989 --> 00:38:14,125 {\an7}HAVE REVOLUTIONIZED THE EJECTION SEAT, 776 00:38:14,159 --> 00:38:18,397 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTURNING IT INTO A MANEUVERABLE FLYING MACHINE. 777 00:38:18,429 --> 00:38:20,197 {\an7}\h\hBUT THERE’S ONE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT 778 00:38:20,231 --> 00:38:22,967 {\an7}IN THE EJECTION SEAT STORY... 779 00:38:23,001 --> 00:38:24,803 {\an7}A CRITICAL COMPONENT 780 00:38:24,836 --> 00:38:29,274 {\an7}THAT ALLOWS EJECTION SEATS \hTO THINK FOR THEMSELVES. 781 00:38:34,813 --> 00:38:40,552 {\an7}TODAY, PILOTS PUSH THE LIMITS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF AVIATION, 782 00:38:40,585 --> 00:38:42,353 {\an7}CHALLENGING ENGINEERS 783 00:38:42,387 --> 00:38:48,526 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO DESIGN EVER MORE SOPHISTICATED EJECTION SEATS. 784 00:38:48,560 --> 00:38:50,929 {\an7}Duford: IT’S IMPOSSIBLE \h\hFOR THE HUMAN MIND 785 00:38:50,962 --> 00:38:53,398 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTO TAKE IN ALL OF THE DIFFERENT CONDITIONS 786 00:38:53,431 --> 00:38:55,800 {\an7}THAT ARE GOING ON IN AN AIRCRAFT IN AN EMERGENCY. 787 00:38:55,834 --> 00:38:57,536 {\an7}IT’S ALL JUST TOO FAST. 788 00:38:57,569 --> 00:38:59,004 {\an7}Man: TUCK UNDER, ROLL. 789 00:38:59,037 --> 00:39:01,439 {\an7}Narrator: PERHAPS THE MOST \h\hSIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENT 790 00:39:01,472 --> 00:39:03,341 {\an7}IN EJECTION SEAT TECHNOLOGY 791 00:39:03,374 --> 00:39:06,043 {\an7}HAS BEEN USING THESE. 792 00:39:06,077 --> 00:39:08,146 {\an7}\h\h\hMICROPROCESSORS ALLOW THE DEVELOPMENT 793 00:39:08,179 --> 00:39:10,648 {\an7}OF A NEW BREED OF SEAT: 794 00:39:10,682 --> 00:39:12,884 {\an7}THE SMART SEAT. 795 00:39:12,917 --> 00:39:15,520 {\an7}Duford: A SMART SEAT USES A MICROPROCESSOR 796 00:39:15,553 --> 00:39:17,455 {\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT TAKES IN ALL THIS INFORMATION, 797 00:39:17,488 --> 00:39:20,157 {\an7}VIRTUALLY INSTANTANEOUSLY 798 00:39:20,191 --> 00:39:23,928 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hSETS THE SEAT IN THE BEST CONFIGURATION 799 00:39:23,962 --> 00:39:27,566 {\an7}THAT HAS THE MOST LIKELIHOOD OF SAVING THAT PILOT’S LIFE. 800 00:39:31,169 --> 00:39:35,106 {\an7}Narrator: MARCH 3, 2006. 801 00:39:35,139 --> 00:39:38,509 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCYNTHIA LISA AND HER THREE NAVY CREW MEMBERS 802 00:39:38,543 --> 00:39:40,912 {\an7}\h\h\hARE PRACTICING LOW FLYING MANEUVERS 803 00:39:40,945 --> 00:39:42,947 {\an7}IN THEIR PROWLER JET, 804 00:39:42,981 --> 00:39:47,919 {\an7}\h\h\hAN AIRCRAFT EQUIPPED WITH SMART SEAT TECHNOLOGY. 805 00:39:47,952 --> 00:39:50,421 {\an7}\hCynthia Lisa: WE WERE FLYING ALONG NORMALLY, 806 00:39:50,455 --> 00:39:52,023 {\an7}PRETTY MUCH STRAIGHT AND LEVEL. 807 00:39:52,056 --> 00:39:57,128 {\an7}WHEN WE CAME UP OVER THE RIDGE, WE HEARD A LOUD WHINING SOUND. 808 00:39:57,161 --> 00:40:00,765 {\an7}Narrator: ONE OF THE PROWLER’S ENGINES DISINTEGRATES. 809 00:40:00,798 --> 00:40:04,101 {\an7}\hAS CYNTHIA PULLS BACK ON THE STICK TO CLIMB, 810 00:40:04,135 --> 00:40:07,672 {\an7}THE AIRCRAFT STARTS TO SHUDDER. 811 00:40:07,705 --> 00:40:10,374 {\an7}SHE SEES SMOKE IN THE COCKPIT. 812 00:40:10,408 --> 00:40:13,144 {\an7}Lisa: AFTER THAT, THE JET STARTS TO KIND OF ROLL TO THE LEFT 813 00:40:13,177 --> 00:40:15,880 {\an7}\hAND THE NOSE STARTS TO DROP A LITTLE BIT. 814 00:40:15,914 --> 00:40:18,250 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: AS IT STARTS TO LOSE HEIGHT, 815 00:40:18,283 --> 00:40:21,386 {\an7}\h\h\h\hCYNTHIA FIGHTS TO CONTROL THE PROWLER. 816 00:40:21,419 --> 00:40:23,087 {\an7}\h\h\hLisa: I LOOKED OUTSIDE THE COCKPIT, 817 00:40:23,121 --> 00:40:24,956 {\an7}AND I SEE THE GROUND \hREALLY RUSHING UP. 818 00:40:24,989 --> 00:40:26,424 {\an7}SO, AT THIS POINT, 819 00:40:26,457 --> 00:40:28,326 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hI HAVE NO CONTROL FROM THE STICK OR THE RUDDER. 820 00:40:28,359 --> 00:40:30,828 {\an7}I CAN’T RIGHT THE AIRCRAFT. 821 00:40:30,862 --> 00:40:32,897 {\an7}\h\hAND I HAVE THE FIRE, WHICH WAS THE SMOKE AND FUMES IN IT. 822 00:40:32,931 --> 00:40:36,201 {\an7}I SAID, "I DON’T HAVE IT. \h\hEJECT, EJECT, EJECT." 823 00:40:40,204 --> 00:40:41,806 {\an7}Narrator: PULLING THE HANDLE 824 00:40:41,839 --> 00:40:44,308 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hINITIATES AN ELECTRONIC SEQUENCER 825 00:40:44,342 --> 00:40:47,846 {\an7}WHICH EJECTS ALL FOUR CREW \h\h\h\h\h\hAUTOMATICALLY, 826 00:40:47,879 --> 00:40:50,815 {\an7}AND CYNTHIA IS LAST TO GO. 827 00:40:50,848 --> 00:40:53,451 {\an7}Lisa: AND I REMEMBER \h\hTHE RIGHT SEATER, 828 00:40:53,484 --> 00:40:55,720 {\an7}YOU KNOW, AS HE STARTED \h\hTO GO UP THE RAILS, 829 00:40:55,753 --> 00:40:58,556 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hI THOUGHT, OK, I’M GOING TO BE NEXT. 830 00:40:58,589 --> 00:41:02,226 {\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: EACH SEAT EJECTS 0.4 SECONDS APART, 831 00:41:02,260 --> 00:41:06,898 {\an7}IN SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS TO AVOID COLLISION. 832 00:41:06,931 --> 00:41:11,002 {\an7}ONCE AIRBORNE, THE SMART SEATS ASSESS THE SITUATION 833 00:41:11,035 --> 00:41:15,273 {\an7}\h\h\hTO SELECT THE BEST COMPUTERIZED FLYING MODE. 834 00:41:15,306 --> 00:41:17,175 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDuford: WHAT THE MICROCHIP ALLOWS 835 00:41:17,208 --> 00:41:20,578 {\an7}IS SENSORS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT ALL THESE DIFFERENT THINGS. 836 00:41:20,611 --> 00:41:22,413 {\an7}HOW MUCH DOES THE PILOT WEIGH? 837 00:41:22,447 --> 00:41:23,982 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHallion: IT’S SENSING SINK RATE, 838 00:41:24,015 --> 00:41:25,583 {\an7}IT’S SENSING ATTITUDE, 839 00:41:25,616 --> 00:41:27,418 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT’S SENSING ROLL, PITCH, AND YAW RATE. 840 00:41:27,452 --> 00:41:29,621 {\an7}Duford: WHAT ALTITUDE \hIS THE AIRCRAFT AT? 841 00:41:29,654 --> 00:41:30,989 {\an7}HOW FAST IS IT GOING? 842 00:41:31,022 --> 00:41:32,457 {\an7}Hallion: AND THEN IT’S FIGURING 843 00:41:32,490 --> 00:41:35,426 {\an7}\h\h\hWHAT IS THE BEST WAY FOR ME TO ORIENT THIS SEAT 844 00:41:35,460 --> 00:41:38,363 {\an7}THROUGH MY LITTLE ROCKET THRUSTERS? 845 00:41:38,396 --> 00:41:39,530 {\an7}Narrator: IN JUST SECONDS, 846 00:41:39,564 --> 00:41:42,500 {\an7}\h\hTHE MICROPROCESSORS CALCULATE AND INSTRUCT 847 00:41:42,533 --> 00:41:45,736 {\an7}\h\hA PRECISE SERIES OF AUTOMATED ACTIONS, 848 00:41:45,770 --> 00:41:50,808 {\an7}\h\h\h\hSAVING THE LIVES OF ALL FOUR CREW MEMBERS. 849 00:41:50,842 --> 00:41:52,677 {\an7}Lisa: IT ALL HAPPENED TREMENDOUSLY QUICKLY. 850 00:41:52,710 --> 00:41:55,646 {\an7}I CANNOT BELIEVE I JUST EJECTED OUT OF AN AIRPLANE, 851 00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:57,682 {\an7}AND THANK GOD THAT SEAT WORKED. 852 00:42:01,052 --> 00:42:04,289 {\an7}Narrator: THE REVOLUTION \h\h\hIN MICROTECHNOLOGY 853 00:42:04,322 --> 00:42:06,724 {\an7}ALLOWS EJECTION SEAT ENGINEERS 854 00:42:06,758 --> 00:42:11,463 {\an7}\h\hTO KEEP PACE WITH THE RAPID DEVELOPMENT IN AVIATION TODAY, 855 00:42:11,496 --> 00:42:18,403 {\an7}EQUIPPING A NEW GENERATION OF AIRCRAFT LIKE THE F-35. 856 00:42:18,436 --> 00:42:20,471 {\an7}\hSteve David: THE US16E IS THE MOST ADVANCED SEAT 857 00:42:20,505 --> 00:42:22,507 {\an7}THAT MARTIN-BAKER \hEVER DEVELOPED, 858 00:42:22,540 --> 00:42:24,909 {\an7}TO MEET THE DEMANDING \h\h\h\hREQUIREMENTS 859 00:42:24,942 --> 00:42:28,446 {\an7}FROM THE JOINT STRIKE \h\hFIGHTER PROGRAM. 860 00:42:28,479 --> 00:42:30,748 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THIS NEW BREED OF JET FIGHTER 861 00:42:30,782 --> 00:42:33,051 {\an7}REQUIRES A SEAT TO SAVE A PILOT 862 00:42:33,084 --> 00:42:35,153 {\an7}WHETHER FLYING FAST OR SLOW, 863 00:42:35,186 --> 00:42:37,188 {\an7}HIGH OR LOW, 864 00:42:37,221 --> 00:42:41,525 {\an7}OR EVEN IF THEY’RE STATIONARY. 865 00:42:41,559 --> 00:42:45,196 {\an7}ONE VERSION FOR THE U.S. MARINES IS SO ADVANCED, 866 00:42:45,229 --> 00:42:47,698 {\an7}IT CAN EJECT PILOTS \h\h\hAUTOMATICALLY 867 00:42:47,732 --> 00:42:53,338 {\an7}\hIF THE PLANE SENSES THE PILOT CAN’T RECOVER FROM AN EMERGENCY. 868 00:42:53,371 --> 00:42:56,274 {\an7}David: THE AUTO EJECT SYSTEM \h\h\h\hIS TOTALLY AUTOMATIC, 869 00:42:56,307 --> 00:42:58,776 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWITHOUT THE PILOT HAVING MADE A MANUAL ATTEMPT 870 00:42:58,810 --> 00:43:00,178 {\an7}AT THE FIRING HANDLE. 871 00:43:00,211 --> 00:43:02,613 {\an7}AND THE PILOT WILL NOT KNOW THAT HE’LL HAVE BEEN EJECTED OUT 872 00:43:02,647 --> 00:43:03,781 {\an7}UNTIL HE’S ON THE PARACHUTE. 873 00:43:03,815 --> 00:43:07,419 {\an7}AND THAT IS A UNIQUE FEATURE OF THIS SEAT. 874 00:43:07,452 --> 00:43:10,121 {\an7}Narrator: COMPUTING POWER 875 00:43:10,154 --> 00:43:12,623 {\an7}\h\h\hHAS ALSO INCREASED PARACHUTE RELEASE SPEEDS 876 00:43:12,657 --> 00:43:14,792 {\an7}A HUNDRED TIMES. 877 00:43:14,826 --> 00:43:19,130 {\an7}David: SINCE JO LANCASTER \h\hEJECTED IN MAY 1949, 878 00:43:19,163 --> 00:43:20,865 {\an7}THE PARACHUTE INFLATION TIME 879 00:43:20,898 --> 00:43:22,833 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHAS GONE FROM SOMETHING LIKE 30 SECONDS 880 00:43:22,867 --> 00:43:25,269 {\an7}WITH A MANUAL BAILOUT TIME 881 00:43:25,303 --> 00:43:29,073 {\an7}TO .3 OF A SECOND. 882 00:43:29,107 --> 00:43:30,909 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: THESE ADVANCES ARE CRITICAL 883 00:43:30,942 --> 00:43:34,512 {\an7}\h\hIN HELPING THE SURVIVAL OF COUNTLESS FUTURE PILOTS. 884 00:43:38,149 --> 00:43:40,351 {\an7}SINCE THE 1940s, 885 00:43:40,384 --> 00:43:43,420 {\an7}EJECTION SEAT ENGINEERS \h\h\hAROUND THE WORLD 886 00:43:43,454 --> 00:43:46,958 {\an7}HAVE SAVED OVER 10,000 LIVES. 887 00:43:46,991 --> 00:43:49,026 {\an7}Lancaster: ON THIS WALL \h\h\hWE HAVE THE NAMES 888 00:43:49,060 --> 00:43:54,933 {\an7}OF EVERY MARTIN-BAKER EJECTEE \h\h\hUP TO THE PRESENT TIME. 889 00:43:54,966 --> 00:43:56,468 {\an7}SEE THAT THEY HAIL 890 00:43:56,501 --> 00:44:00,038 {\an7}FROM PRACTICALLY EVERY CORNER \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE WORLD. 891 00:44:00,071 --> 00:44:05,043 {\an7}AND I HAPPEN TO BE NUMBER ONE, AND I’M RIGHT UP AT THE TOP, 892 00:44:05,076 --> 00:44:06,711 {\an7}RIGHT THERE. 893 00:44:10,715 --> 00:44:12,283 {\an7}Martin: JO, HOW ARE YOU? 894 00:44:12,316 --> 00:44:13,350 {\an7}Lancaster: MORNING, ANDREW. 895 00:44:13,384 --> 00:44:14,785 {\an7}Martin: WELCOME BACK \h\hTO MARTIN-BAKER. 896 00:44:14,819 --> 00:44:16,220 {\an7}\h\hVERY NICE TO SEE YOU AGAIN. Lancaster: HONORED TO BE HERE. 897 00:44:16,254 --> 00:44:17,455 {\an7}Martin: WE’VE GOT A SURPRISE \h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR YOU TODAY. 898 00:44:17,488 --> 00:44:18,589 {\an7}Lancaster: REALLY? 899 00:44:18,623 --> 00:44:19,924 {\an7}Martin: WE’VE JUST COMPLETED \h\h\h\h\h\hTHIS NEW MUSEUM, 900 00:44:19,957 --> 00:44:21,625 {\an7}AND RIGHT AT THE FOREFRONT OF IT 901 00:44:21,659 --> 00:44:23,861 {\an7}IS SOMETHING THAT YOU \h\h\hMAY RECOGNIZE. 902 00:44:23,895 --> 00:44:25,196 {\an7}Lancaster: GOOD GRACIOUS. 903 00:44:25,229 --> 00:44:27,364 {\an7}\h\h\hMartin: THE SEAT THAT YOU STRAPPED INTO 904 00:44:27,398 --> 00:44:29,634 {\an7}\hNEARLY 66 YEARS AGO THAT FATEFUL MORNING. 905 00:44:29,667 --> 00:44:30,902 {\an7}[LAUGHS] 906 00:44:30,935 --> 00:44:33,438 {\an7}\h\hDOES SEEING THE SEAT BRING BACK SOME MEMORIES? 907 00:44:33,471 --> 00:44:35,640 {\an7}Lancaster: UH, WELL, YES, IT’S A LONG TIME 908 00:44:35,673 --> 00:44:38,609 {\an7}SINCE I SAW ONE LIKE THIS. 909 00:44:38,643 --> 00:44:40,879 {\an7}OH, IT’S A BIT NARROW. 910 00:44:40,912 --> 00:44:42,814 {\an7}Martin: THE TECHNOLOGY’S \h\hMOVED ON QUITE A LOT 911 00:44:42,847 --> 00:44:46,584 {\an7}SINCE YOU SAT IN THAT SEAT \h\h\hALL THOSE YEARS AGO. 912 00:44:46,617 --> 00:44:51,388 {\an7}\h\hNarrator: AND SURVIVORS FROM ALL ERAS SHARE THE SAME EMOTION. 913 00:44:51,422 --> 00:44:54,225 {\an7}Lancaster: I WAS JUST GRATEFUL \h\h\h\h\hFOR HAVING SURVIVED. 914 00:44:54,258 --> 00:44:58,763 {\an7}I’VE NOW HAD 66 GOOD YEARS \h\h\h\h\h\hOF EXTRA TIME, 915 00:44:58,796 --> 00:45:00,331 {\an7}AND COUNTING. 916 00:45:00,364 --> 00:45:02,433 {\an7}Bews: TO BE THAT CLOSE TO DYING 917 00:45:02,466 --> 00:45:04,301 {\an7}\h\hAND YET HAVING A SEAT LIKE THIS... 918 00:45:04,335 --> 00:45:07,004 {\an7}\hTHANK YOU FOR BUILDING SUCH AN AMAZING PRODUCT. 919 00:45:07,038 --> 00:45:08,706 {\an7}IT’S PHENOMENAL. 920 00:45:08,739 --> 00:45:10,908 {\an7}Udell: THE WORK YOU DO 921 00:45:10,942 --> 00:45:13,578 {\an7}SAVES LIVES AND SAVES FAMILIES. 922 00:45:13,611 --> 00:45:15,646 {\an7}THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 923 00:45:15,680 --> 00:45:18,483 {\an7}Martin: WE’RE SO VERY LUCKY \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO DO A JOB 924 00:45:18,516 --> 00:45:21,786 {\an7}THAT LEADS TO LIVES BEING SAVED 925 00:45:21,819 --> 00:45:23,721 {\an7}\h\hAND BRAVE AIRCREW FROM AROUND THE WORLD 926 00:45:23,754 --> 00:45:26,257 {\an7}BEING ABLE TO RETURN HOME \h\hTO THEIR LOVED ONES. 927 00:45:26,290 --> 00:45:27,691 {\an7}Lisa: IT’S KIND OF LIKE \h\h\h\hA BIT OF MAGIC 928 00:45:27,725 --> 00:45:31,128 {\an7}\h\hTHAT YOU DON’T EVER THINK YOU’RE GOING TO HAVE TO USE. 929 00:45:31,162 --> 00:45:32,563 {\an7}HOW DO YOU THANK PEOPLE? 930 00:45:32,597 --> 00:45:36,267 {\an7}HOW DO YOU THANK ANYBODY FOR THAT? 931 00:45:36,300 --> 00:45:37,668 {\an7}Narrator: THE EJECTION SEAT 932 00:45:37,702 --> 00:45:41,372 {\an7}IS A REMARKABLE PIECE \h\h\hOF ENGINEERING 933 00:45:41,405 --> 00:45:44,241 {\an7}\h\h\h\hWHICH CHANGED THE FACE OF AVIATION, 934 00:45:44,275 --> 00:45:46,644 {\an7}MAKING SURVIVAL IN THE SKIES 935 00:45:46,677 --> 00:45:50,214 {\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA REALITY FOR THOUSANDS OF AIRCREW 936 00:45:50,248 --> 00:45:54,319 {\an7}AND ONE THAT WILL SAFEGUARD \hTHE PILOTS OF THE FUTURE.