1 00:00:07,439 --> 00:00:09,029 BIRDSONG 2 00:00:19,269 --> 00:00:20,709 BIRDS CALL 3 00:01:08,439 --> 00:01:12,319 There's something about mountains that draws you in 4 00:01:12,319 --> 00:01:14,669 Perhaps it's the challenge of the climb - 5 00:01:14,669 --> 00:01:18,229 a peak to conquer an achievement to relish 6 00:01:19,519 --> 00:01:21,469 Maybe it's the view from the top 7 00:01:21,469 --> 00:01:26,259 We so rarely get the chance to stop and take in the world around us 8 00:01:26,259 --> 00:01:30,109 It's good for our minds to focus on the distant horizon 9 00:01:31,399 --> 00:01:34,159 But it's also surely the air up here 10 00:01:35,549 --> 00:01:37,519 It's fresh it feels clean 11 00:01:37,519 --> 00:01:41,149 A lungful of mountain air makes you feel alive 12 00:01:41,149 --> 00:01:44,109 It's a sad indication of the state of the air 13 00:01:44,109 --> 00:01:46,839 that surrounds so many of us in our everyday lives 14 00:01:46,839 --> 00:01:49,319 that it doesn't feel like this 15 00:01:51,109 --> 00:01:55,549 We routinely talk about healthy food and clean water 16 00:01:56,679 --> 00:01:57,949 WH ISTLE BLOWS 17 00:01:57,949 --> 00:02:01,909 But how often do we spare a thought for what enters our lungs? 18 00:02:04,640 --> 00:02:10,099 We fill our lungs with six litres of air every minute on average 19 00:02:11,519 --> 00:02:14,829 Yet as a result of our activities today 20 00:02:14,829 --> 00:02:18,620 our atmosphere especially for those living in cities 21 00:02:18,620 --> 00:02:22,159 is carrying all sorts of unhealthy particles 22 00:02:22,159 --> 00:02:27,719 The World Health Organization calls air pollution the silent killer 23 00:02:27,719 --> 00:02:34,519 Globally 0 of us breathe unclear air every day 24 00:02:34,519 --> 00:02:38,239 Air pollution is proven to shorten our lifetimes 25 00:02:38,239 --> 00:02:39,809 and it hits the vulnerable - 26 00:02:39,809 --> 00:02:42,719 children the sick and the elderly - 27 00:02:42,719 --> 00:02:44,439 hardest of all 28 00:02:47,389 --> 00:02:51,159 That's why one of the five goals of the Earthshot Prize 29 00:02:51,159 --> 00:02:53,559 is to clean our air 30 00:02:54,829 --> 00:02:57,909 Every year until 200 31 00:02:57,909 --> 00:03:00,239 the prize will award 1 million 32 00:03:00,239 --> 00:03:04,959 to a project that will help us to achieve this goal 33 00:03:04,959 --> 00:03:09,959 I n this film we will explore the causes of air pollution 34 00:03:09,959 --> 00:03:13,029 and the toll it's taking on our health 35 00:03:15,439 --> 00:03:18,519 We meet people around the world 36 00:03:18,519 --> 00:03:21,039 working on innovative solutions 37 00:03:23,329 --> 00:03:26,679 And I 'll introduce you to the three finalists 38 00:03:26,679 --> 00:03:29,760 shortlisted for this year's Earthshot Prize 39 00:03:40,519 --> 00:03:43,479 Here to tell the story of how we can clean our air 40 00:03:43,479 --> 00:03:45,519 are Sir David Attenborough 41 00:03:45,519 --> 00:03:48,909 and the only member of our Earthshot Prize council 42 00:03:48,909 --> 00:03:52,559 to travel beyond the atmosphere we all share 43 00:03:52,559 --> 00:03:56,679 Japanese astronaut Naoko Yamazaki 44 00:03:56,679 --> 00:04:00,249 Yeah lke ths comng here. 45 00:04:02,119 --> 00:04:05,599 And just st. Lke ths. 46 00:06:20,189 --> 00:06:24,529 The air in Earth's atmosphere is fundamental to life 47 00:06:28,349 --> 00:06:33,359 Our life-sustaining air is a product of billions of years of evolution 48 00:06:33,359 --> 00:06:34,839 THU N DER RUMBLES 49 00:06:34,839 --> 00:06:40,919 Before life evolved the atmosphere was a toxic mix of methane hydrogen 50 00:06:40,919 --> 00:06:44,329 and high levels of carbon dioxide 51 00:06:47,839 --> 00:06:51,279 But as plants developed and started to photosynthesise 52 00:06:51,279 --> 00:06:56,919 they began to remove the toxins and flood the atmosphere with oxygen 53 00:06:56,919 --> 00:07:01,760 allowing the evolution of animals with high oxygen demands 54 00:07:01,760 --> 00:07:03,279 like ourselves 55 00:07:07,269 --> 00:07:10,319 and even turning the sky blue 56 00:07:12,349 --> 00:07:15,789 For much of Earth's history the gases in our atmosphere 57 00:07:15,789 --> 00:07:18,119 have remained broadly stable 58 00:07:19,999 --> 00:07:22,520 But over the last 200 years 59 00:07:22,520 --> 00:07:25,249 as humankind entered the I ndustrial Age 60 00:07:25,249 --> 00:07:28,199 our polluting activities 61 00:07:28,199 --> 00:07:31,770 have threatened the stability of our air quality 62 00:07:35,039 --> 00:07:39,999 Every year we emit up to 100 times the amount of carbon dioxide 63 00:07:39,999 --> 00:07:42,799 of all the volcanoes on Earth 64 00:07:46,199 --> 00:07:49,959 Our activities have been dirtying and poisoning the Earth's 65 00:07:49,959 --> 00:07:54,199 life-giving air to the point that we are choking ourselves 66 00:07:54,199 --> 00:07:58,679 and the natural world that helps to sustain us 67 00:07:58,679 --> 00:08:02,329 We're not unaware of this We do so in plain sight 68 00:08:02,329 --> 00:08:07,489 The main causes of air pollution are easy to identify 69 00:08:08,909 --> 00:08:13,879 And one is the reliance on polluting fuels to heat our homes 70 00:08:50,679 --> 00:08:52,959 I N DISTI NCT CHATTER I NSI DE 71 00:09:27,479 --> 00:09:30,689 Ulaanbaatar has regularly ranked 72 00:09:30,689 --> 00:09:34,359 as one of the world's most polluted cities 73 00:09:34,359 --> 00:09:38,479 I n recent years the migration of nomadic people from the countryside 74 00:09:38,479 --> 00:09:40,630 to the city has increased 75 00:09:40,630 --> 00:09:46,689 with many setting up residence in traditional homes called gers 76 00:09:46,689 --> 00:09:48,369 on the outskirts 77 00:09:50,149 --> 00:09:54,849 I n winter temperatures drop below -0 degrees centigrade 78 00:09:56,119 --> 00:09:59,119 And coal is one of the few affordable fuels 79 00:09:59,119 --> 00:10:03,760 for the people to heat their homes at these brutally cold times 80 00:10:06,229 --> 00:10:11,589 Coal is a fossil fuel, and it's one of the dirtiest 81 00:10:11,589 --> 00:10:15,879 When coal is burned it releases harmful airborne pollutants 82 00:10:15,879 --> 00:10:19,879 such as sulphur dioxide - a toxic gas - 83 00:10:19,879 --> 00:10:22,799 and particulates or tiny particles 84 00:10:22,799 --> 00:10:25,599 which are commonly associated with soot 85 00:10:28,569 --> 00:10:32,439 These pollutants lead to smog in the air 86 00:10:32,439 --> 00:10:34,359 and when breathed in 87 00:10:34,359 --> 00:10:37,359 can cause inflammation in the body 88 00:10:37,359 --> 00:10:40,229 and health issues that range from lung damage 89 00:10:40,229 --> 00:10:42,889 to heart disorders to cancer 90 00:10:46,439 --> 00:10:52,640 I n Ulaanbaatar around 00000 tonnes of coal is burned each winter 91 00:10:52,640 --> 00:10:56,159 inside homes across the city 92 00:10:56,159 --> 00:11:00,719 whilst huge power plants add to the already toxic air 93 00:11:02,229 --> 00:11:05,949 And for some the only option of employment 94 00:11:05,949 --> 00:11:10,729 is in the very industry that so greatly affects their lives 95 00:12:20,569 --> 00:12:22,029 DOG BARS 96 00:13:03,037 --> 00:13:06,717 Efforts have been made to replace raw coal 97 00:13:06,717 --> 00:13:11,487 with less polluting but more expensive refined coal briquettes 98 00:13:12,997 --> 00:13:15,528 But even at a subsidised price 99 00:13:15,528 --> 00:13:20,207 low- income families struggle to heat their homes safely 100 00:13:20,207 --> 00:13:22,157 Studies have shown that coal 101 00:13:22,157 --> 00:13:25,447 and other cheap polluting fuels like charcoal 102 00:13:25,447 --> 00:13:27,398 are used as a domestic fuel 103 00:13:27,398 --> 00:13:31,207 by more than two billion people around the world 104 00:13:33,367 --> 00:13:37,747 But such dense pollution is rarely seen in wealthier countries 105 00:13:37,747 --> 00:13:42,207 where coal burning is now mostly kept out of cities 106 00:13:42,207 --> 00:13:47,007 Here societies are changing to cleaner domestic fuels 107 00:13:47,007 --> 00:13:49,477 like natural gas and electricity 108 00:13:52,638 --> 00:13:55,037 Yet unclean air is here too 109 00:13:55,037 --> 00:13:57,648 due primarily to one thing 110 00:14:07,317 --> 00:14:10,687 o many chldren n my year had asthma. 111 00:14:14,237 --> 00:14:15,847 They would be comparng ther pumps 112 00:14:15,847 --> 00:14:17,677 they would be talkng about ther pumps. 113 00:14:17,677 --> 00:14:21,957 It was almost part of the culture to have asthma. 114 00:14:24,237 --> 00:14:25,757 I was aware that Ella had asthma 115 00:14:25,757 --> 00:14:28,648 but I wasnt aware of how serous t was. 116 00:14:30,607 --> 00:14:32,807 Ella Adoo- issi - Debrah 117 00:14:32,807 --> 00:14:36,757 died in 201 at the age of just nine 118 00:14:39,157 --> 00:14:41,477 An inquest into Ella's death 119 00:14:41,477 --> 00:14:46,677 revealed a pattern linking spikes in illegal levels of air pollution 120 00:14:46,677 --> 00:14:50,157 and the severity of her asthma attacks 121 00:14:50,157 --> 00:14:53,837 The inquest which took seven years to resolve 122 00:14:53,837 --> 00:14:57,877 made a landmark ruling in 2020 - 123 00:14:57,877 --> 00:15:01,007 for the first time in the U 124 00:15:01,007 --> 00:15:05,287 air pollution was recorded as a cause of death 125 00:15:06,747 --> 00:15:09,167 We were all part of the same communty. 126 00:15:10,927 --> 00:15:15,037 It was defntely a loss that we all collectvely felt 127 00:15:15,037 --> 00:15:18,007 when she passed away. 128 00:15:18,007 --> 00:15:21,648 Thnkng about t now ts honestly so shockng. 129 00:15:23,317 --> 00:15:27,197 How s ths not a red flag for everyone n our communty 130 00:15:27,197 --> 00:15:32,408 that so many chldren had asthma and ths ssue was very much lnked 131 00:15:32,408 --> 00:15:35,197 to the area that we lved n whch was hghly polluted? 132 00:15:38,107 --> 00:15:41,167 Because you cant always see ar polluton 133 00:15:41,167 --> 00:15:44,607 the dangers of t often feel hdden or less severe. 134 00:15:49,677 --> 00:15:51,877 As with the burning of coal, 135 00:15:51,877 --> 00:15:55,967 the combustion of fossil fuels such as diesel and petroleum 136 00:15:55,967 --> 00:15:58,197 that power our transport 137 00:15:58,197 --> 00:16:03,247 also release dangerous gases and particulates into our air 138 00:16:06,837 --> 00:16:10,807 Nitrogen dioxide one of the pollutants emitted from vehicles 139 00:16:10,807 --> 00:16:13,997 can damage our lungs when breathed in 140 00:16:13,997 --> 00:16:18,367 and worsen pre-existing health problems such as asthma 141 00:16:20,567 --> 00:16:23,287 Particulate pollution from vehicles 142 00:16:23,287 --> 00:16:28,087 not only comes from the combustion of fossil fuels 143 00:16:28,087 --> 00:16:31,453 but from the wear and tear of brakes and tyres 144 00:16:31,453 --> 00:16:37,519 Emerging research shows that U FPs or ultrafine particles 145 00:16:37,519 --> 00:16:40,438 are especially dangerous to our health 146 00:16:43,158 --> 00:16:47,158 Measuring at less than 01 microns in diameter 147 00:16:47,158 --> 00:16:50,308 which is smaller than many airborne viruses 148 00:16:50,308 --> 00:16:55,519 the tiny size of these particulates makes them extremely inhalable 149 00:16:57,998 --> 00:17:01,368 Whether emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels 150 00:17:01,368 --> 00:17:03,998 or the wear and tear of brakes and tyres 151 00:17:03,998 --> 00:17:07,358 these particulates not only enter our lungs 152 00:17:07,358 --> 00:17:10,269 but are small enough to enter the bloodstream 153 00:17:10,269 --> 00:17:14,868 and can travel to different organs in the body 154 00:17:14,868 --> 00:17:20,828 the result of which can cause tissue damage inflammation of organs 155 00:17:20,828 --> 00:17:25,399 and lead to chronic health issues such as heart disease and strokes 156 00:17:27,519 --> 00:17:31,399 I m constantly thnkng about what s enterng my lungs 157 00:17:31,399 --> 00:17:33,718 when I m walkng down busy roads. 158 00:17:33,718 --> 00:17:38,748 How could my commute to school actually be harmng me? 159 00:17:38,748 --> 00:17:42,448 I wonder f my lungs capacty s reduced. 160 00:17:42,448 --> 00:17:45,158 I wonder f I m gong to have a shorter lve expectancy 161 00:17:45,158 --> 00:17:48,008 smply because of the ar that I m breathng rght now. 162 00:17:55,478 --> 00:17:58,758 There are so many ssues that come from ar polluton 163 00:17:58,758 --> 00:18:01,728 that mpact the development of chldren. 164 00:18:04,078 --> 00:18:07,038 Ar polluton s even found n placentas. 165 00:18:07,038 --> 00:18:10,038 It s affectng us before we are even born. 166 00:18:22,828 --> 00:18:29,628 My generaton has nherted a polluted and drty planet 167 00:18:29,628 --> 00:18:33,718 that t s now our role to fx and clean up. 168 00:18:33,718 --> 00:18:36,538 Because ts our lves that depend on t. 169 00:18:38,628 --> 00:18:43,598 The battle has begun in London to reduce polluting transport 170 00:18:43,598 --> 00:18:47,028 with an Ultra Low Emission one in the centre 171 00:18:47,028 --> 00:18:51,478 and support for a new generation of greener public transport 172 00:18:51,478 --> 00:18:52,798 BI E BELL RI NGS 173 00:18:52,798 --> 00:18:54,988 But children in cities around the world 174 00:18:54,988 --> 00:19:00,348 are still faced with harmful levels of airborne pollutants 175 00:19:00,348 --> 00:19:04,158 Children's developing bodies are particularly vulnerable 176 00:19:04,158 --> 00:19:06,399 to the impacts of air pollution 177 00:19:08,838 --> 00:19:12,438 The World Health Organization states that every day 178 00:19:12,438 --> 00:19:16,158 more than 0 of the world's children breathe air 179 00:19:16,158 --> 00:19:20,798 that is so polluted it puts their health and development at risk 180 00:19:22,478 --> 00:19:24,678 But it's not only the health of children 181 00:19:24,678 --> 00:19:28,748 nor the air quality in our cities that is a cause for concern 182 00:19:30,038 --> 00:19:34,348 The air around us has travelled for thousands of miles 183 00:19:34,348 --> 00:19:37,038 and on its journey across the planet 184 00:19:37,038 --> 00:19:39,988 it picks up particulates and toxic gases 185 00:19:39,988 --> 00:19:42,688 emitted from our polluting activities 186 00:19:42,688 --> 00:19:45,628 carrying them far from source 187 00:19:47,088 --> 00:19:50,598 The interconnectivity of our global air currents 188 00:19:50,598 --> 00:19:54,878 means that air pollution doesn't recognise borders 189 00:19:54,878 --> 00:19:57,908 so it doesn't matter where you live on Earth - 190 00:19:57,908 --> 00:20:01,158 in the city or far from it - 191 00:20:01,158 --> 00:20:05,318 air pollution will affect your life as the Sami reindeer herders 192 00:20:05,318 --> 00:20:09,328 from northern Scandinavia have experienced 193 00:20:14,968 --> 00:20:17,998 CATTLE BELL JANGLES 194 00:21:48,958 --> 00:21:53,838 Chernobyl was perhaps one of the worst single air pollution events 195 00:21:53,838 --> 00:21:56,438 in modern history 196 00:21:56,438 --> 00:21:59,328 On April the 2th 18 197 00:21:59,328 --> 00:22:01,768 the nuclear power plant exploded 198 00:22:01,768 --> 00:22:05,638 casting radioactive particles into the atmosphere 199 00:22:05,638 --> 00:22:07,168 BEEPI NG 200 00:22:07,168 --> 00:22:10,068 The plumes of deadly radioactive material 201 00:22:10,068 --> 00:22:12,768 spread hundreds of miles across Europe 202 00:22:12,768 --> 00:22:17,399 with devastating effects to communities and the natural world 203 00:22:41,708 --> 00:22:43,758 H ELICOPTER BUES 204 00:22:49,768 --> 00:22:52,518 Chernobyl was a unique event 205 00:22:54,068 --> 00:22:58,478 Yet data have shown that toxic gases like sulphur dioxide 206 00:22:58,478 --> 00:23:02,598 and particulates from industry and power generation 207 00:23:02,598 --> 00:23:06,318 are also carried in air currents around Europe 208 00:23:52,428 --> 00:23:56,968 The movement of air about the globe means that ultimately 209 00:23:56,968 --> 00:24:00,188 we share our air pollution with each other 210 00:24:00,188 --> 00:24:02,198 and with the natural world 211 00:24:06,114 --> 00:24:10,694 With each passing year we continue to emit particulates 212 00:24:10,694 --> 00:24:13,614 and toxic gases into our air 213 00:24:13,614 --> 00:24:17,964 Air pollution both indoors and outdoors 214 00:24:17,964 --> 00:24:24,004 is now a leading risk factor for death and disability worldwide 215 00:24:24,004 --> 00:24:30,214 Nine out of ten of us live our lives in an environment of unhealthy air 216 00:24:31,714 --> 00:24:35,084 The full effect of our air pollution on the natural world 217 00:24:35,084 --> 00:24:37,484 is still being assessed 218 00:24:37,484 --> 00:24:41,964 but studies have shown that the particulates we're adding to the air 219 00:24:41,964 --> 00:24:45,004 are making the atmosphere less transparent 220 00:24:45,004 --> 00:24:49,165 lowering the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface 221 00:24:49,165 --> 00:24:52,884 and causing an effect known as global dimming 222 00:24:54,694 --> 00:24:59,644 The dimmer sunlight at the surface can reduce evaporation 223 00:24:59,644 --> 00:25:04,285 impeding nature's water cycle and potentially lowering rainfall 224 00:25:04,285 --> 00:25:06,285 in some parts of the world 225 00:25:08,804 --> 00:25:13,734 Our dirtying of the air comes back to affect us all 226 00:25:13,734 --> 00:25:19,444 It causes premature deaths and by changing the patterns of rainfall, 227 00:25:19,444 --> 00:25:22,924 it may lead to droughts and failed harvests 228 00:25:25,364 --> 00:25:30,884 The next few decades are expected to bring a growth in cities 229 00:25:30,884 --> 00:25:35,884 of heavy industry and of vehicle use around the world 230 00:25:37,444 --> 00:25:39,594 How can we ensure that this can happen 231 00:25:39,594 --> 00:25:43,244 without making the air we share dirtier still? 232 00:26:51,594 --> 00:26:54,084 What the world needs 233 00:26:54,084 --> 00:26:57,934 s real bult examples 234 00:26:57,934 --> 00:27:00,524 of how to do thngs dfferently. 235 00:27:02,374 --> 00:27:05,804 My name s Bjarke I ngels. I m an archtect. 236 00:27:09,524 --> 00:27:12,814 Archtecture essentally s the art and scence 237 00:27:12,814 --> 00:27:17,374 of turnng fcton nto fact or turnng fantasy nto realty. 238 00:27:20,604 --> 00:27:23,724 O you can magne you know 239 00:27:23,724 --> 00:27:26,054 a power plant wth a sk slope on the roof 240 00:27:26,054 --> 00:27:28,214 and ten years later thats just how t s. 241 00:27:32,175 --> 00:27:34,854 Normally when you thnk about power plants 242 00:27:34,854 --> 00:27:39,684 or waste management facltes you thnk about gant eyesores 243 00:27:39,684 --> 00:27:44,094 but n ths case we could actually turn t nto a man made mountan 244 00:27:44,094 --> 00:27:47,425 a metre tall landscape 245 00:27:47,425 --> 00:27:53,674 as a way to change peoples mnds about what can a power plant be? 246 00:29:10,774 --> 00:29:14,804 When you take the elevator up to the top of the mountan 247 00:29:14,804 --> 00:29:18,814 you are actually lookng nto the belly of the beast 248 00:29:18,814 --> 00:29:21,084 or the nsde of the mountan. 249 00:29:21,084 --> 00:29:26,534 Half of the volume nsde the mountan s not the machnery 250 00:29:26,534 --> 00:29:28,604 that turns the waste nto energy 251 00:29:28,604 --> 00:29:32,934 ts actually the machnery that extracts and flters. 252 00:29:32,934 --> 00:29:36,444 A normal chmney represents the falures of our technology 253 00:29:36,444 --> 00:29:40,204 or our socety that ts essentally all the ar polluton 254 00:29:40,204 --> 00:29:42,124 that we sort of just leak out 255 00:29:42,124 --> 00:29:45,454 and f we buld the chmney hgh enough we hope t sort of goes away 256 00:29:45,454 --> 00:29:48,684 and dsappears and weve learned that t doesnt. 257 00:29:50,504 --> 00:29:53,364 Whereas n ths case the Copenhageners can now 258 00:29:53,364 --> 00:29:57,404 actually alpne sk n the mddle of a country that has no mountans 259 00:29:57,404 --> 00:30:01,934 because the power plant that turns our waste nto electrcty 260 00:30:01,934 --> 00:30:05,654 and dstrct heatng s so clean that you almost have 261 00:30:05,654 --> 00:30:08,654 fresh mountan ar on top of t. 262 00:30:11,014 --> 00:30:14,094 I m not sayng that all power plants should be skable 263 00:30:14,094 --> 00:30:18,175 but the technologes that are nsde CopenHll 264 00:30:18,175 --> 00:30:20,404 of course are scalable. 265 00:30:24,864 --> 00:30:26,934 Ustanable buldngs clean technology 266 00:30:26,934 --> 00:30:31,045 allows you to magne a much more exctng and nvtng cty 267 00:30:31,045 --> 00:30:33,484 than one where you really have to stay far away 268 00:30:33,484 --> 00:30:36,045 from all the sort of drty ndustry. 269 00:30:37,444 --> 00:30:42,024 Ustanablty should not only be a knd of moral mperatve 270 00:30:42,024 --> 00:30:46,175 or lets say call t necessary sacrfce. 271 00:30:46,175 --> 00:30:52,014 I love that dea that ts almost radcally changng the expectaton 272 00:30:52,014 --> 00:30:54,734 for what the future mght hold. 273 00:31:11,814 --> 00:31:15,175 N EI L ARMSTRONG Houston the Eagle has landed 274 00:31:15,175 --> 00:31:18,614 That's one small step for man 275 00:31:18,614 --> 00:31:21,534 One giant leap for mankind 276 00:32:40,175 --> 00:32:42,974 If you ever stop and look at a tyre... 277 00:32:46,045 --> 00:32:49,334 Its somethng that s so ordnary that I thnk a lot of us 278 00:32:49,334 --> 00:32:52,974 dont really take the tme to look at 279 00:32:52,974 --> 00:32:56,614 but lke theyre a huge lke object 280 00:32:56,614 --> 00:33:00,974 lke rollng around our ctes all the tme wearng down. 281 00:33:03,254 --> 00:33:04,664 I m obhan Anderson. 282 00:33:04,664 --> 00:33:07,324 I m one of the four cofounders of The Tyre Collectve. 283 00:33:11,004 --> 00:33:14,124 We all decded to work together to focus on polluton 284 00:33:14,124 --> 00:33:17,734 because we felt lke t was somethng where we could ntervene 285 00:33:17,734 --> 00:33:21,614 and really make a tangble mpact. 286 00:33:21,614 --> 00:33:25,254 I n ctes weve become really focused on ar polluton 287 00:33:25,254 --> 00:33:27,764 from talppe emssons. 288 00:33:30,264 --> 00:33:32,024 But we know that vehcles 289 00:33:32,024 --> 00:33:34,534 when they drve accelerate brake and corner... 290 00:33:37,324 --> 00:33:40,305 ...they produce these thngs called nonexhaust emssons 291 00:33:40,305 --> 00:33:44,045 whch s very fne partcles that can become arborne 292 00:33:44,045 --> 00:33:45,904 and tyre wear contrbutes to that. 293 00:34:08,124 --> 00:34:12,854 To try and vsualse how much dfferent vehcles produce 294 00:34:12,854 --> 00:34:17,374 we were actually able to track the longest bus route n London. 295 00:34:19,564 --> 00:34:22,214 And then we calculated the total amount of tyre wear 296 00:34:22,214 --> 00:34:24,824 that was produced n hours from that 297 00:34:24,824 --> 00:34:28,534 and t produced a cube that was about the se of a grapefrut. 298 00:34:28,534 --> 00:34:30,894 It was really bg. and t completely shocked us. 299 00:34:45,484 --> 00:34:48,175 I thnk about every car that you see on the road 300 00:34:48,175 --> 00:34:51,254 and magnng that thats whats comng off of that car 301 00:34:51,254 --> 00:34:55,344 gong nto our ar and nto our water. 302 00:34:58,484 --> 00:35:00,264 That was one of the startng ponts 303 00:35:00,264 --> 00:35:03,185 that convnced us that we needed to do somethng about ths. 304 00:35:06,974 --> 00:35:09,774 We wanted to make an mpact now 305 00:35:09,774 --> 00:35:13,384 before more could be added to the envronment. 306 00:35:13,384 --> 00:35:15,854 When these partcles are created 307 00:35:15,854 --> 00:35:17,694 f you magne a spnnng wheel 308 00:35:17,694 --> 00:35:20,454 as they come off rght at the ground at the contact patch 309 00:35:20,454 --> 00:35:23,484 theyre actually charged due to the frcton of the road. 310 00:35:23,484 --> 00:35:25,925 And what ths s means s as theyre flyng through the ar 311 00:35:25,925 --> 00:35:28,564 we can actually use electrostatcs... 312 00:35:28,564 --> 00:35:31,764 ...to capture and attract them. 313 00:35:31,764 --> 00:35:34,704 Rght now were creatng a retrofttable devce 314 00:35:34,704 --> 00:35:37,844 so ths would be able to go on any vehcle. 315 00:35:37,844 --> 00:35:41,504 Omethng lke a box behnd the wheel. 316 00:35:41,504 --> 00:35:43,744 From there we are actually able to store them 317 00:35:43,744 --> 00:35:47,211 n a dfferent storage tank n our devce 318 00:35:47,211 --> 00:35:49,641 where they can be removed and collected. 319 00:35:54,541 --> 00:35:56,571 Rght now s the perfect tme 320 00:35:56,571 --> 00:36:00,401 to try and create systemc change thats needed. 321 00:36:02,101 --> 00:36:04,891 As were shftng towards electrc vehcles 322 00:36:04,891 --> 00:36:08,281 we defntely need to make sure that we really are consderng 323 00:36:08,281 --> 00:36:11,101 every source of polluton n that transton. 324 00:36:14,932 --> 00:36:18,201 I really hope that the technology that were developng wll be 325 00:36:18,201 --> 00:36:22,531 on every vehcle out there that has a wheel or a tyre 326 00:36:22,531 --> 00:36:26,821 to make sure that ths polluton s really stopped. 327 00:41:35,211 --> 00:41:37,171 My name is Esther An 328 00:41:37,171 --> 00:41:41,981 I 'm the Chief Sustainability Officer at City Developments Limited 329 00:41:41,981 --> 00:41:48,451 Sustainability has always been at the heart of the way we design 330 00:41:49,942 --> 00:41:53,881 I will say that I am passionate about all things sustainability 331 00:41:53,881 --> 00:41:55,791 It's kind of like an addiction 332 00:41:58,802 --> 00:42:02,301 Building our cities sustainably with nature in mind 333 00:42:02,301 --> 00:42:04,691 can make a huge impact 334 00:42:04,691 --> 00:42:07,101 especially on our air quality 335 00:42:11,521 --> 00:42:16,161 But sadly many urban cities have become concrete jungles 336 00:42:16,161 --> 00:42:18,421 with buildings towering all over 337 00:42:19,812 --> 00:42:24,981 We all know that plants absorb carbon and help to filter toxins 338 00:42:24,981 --> 00:42:28,251 They are nature's greatest air purifier 339 00:42:30,141 --> 00:42:34,651 We need to really appreciate nature and tap into the energy 340 00:42:34,651 --> 00:42:38,581 and positivity that nature can provide us 341 00:42:38,581 --> 00:42:41,501 We must adopt biophilic design 342 00:42:41,501 --> 00:42:44,661 in the way we design and build our infrastructure 343 00:44:18,091 --> 00:44:21,781 If you can adopt biophilic design in your infrastructure 344 00:44:21,781 --> 00:44:24,431 and in your building it's definitely you know 345 00:44:24,431 --> 00:44:28,861 benefitting users and making everyone happier healthier 346 00:44:28,861 --> 00:44:30,531 and even more productive 347 00:44:33,891 --> 00:44:37,812 Biophilia literally means a love of nature 348 00:44:39,371 --> 00:44:43,091 It is about living in harmony with 349 00:44:43,091 --> 00:44:46,812 and also embracing nature - not fighting it 350 00:44:49,692 --> 00:44:52,861 Today Singapore has gone one step further 351 00:44:52,861 --> 00:44:56,692 to set its sight on becoming a city in nature 352 00:46:04,861 --> 00:46:09,051 This is the world we want for our future generations 353 00:46:09,051 --> 00:46:13,531 a world that you know you have clean air blue sky 354 00:46:13,531 --> 00:46:16,692 and happiness and health for everyone 355 00:48:00,461 --> 00:48:03,901 Our shared air could be made far cleaner and healthier 356 00:48:03,901 --> 00:48:08,261 if we put our collective energies and minds to the task 357 00:48:08,261 --> 00:48:11,611 The Earthshot Prize is here to recognise those efforts 358 00:48:11,611 --> 00:48:15,251 by rewarding and supporting the most innovative ideas 359 00:48:15,251 --> 00:48:18,061 to bring this inspiring ambition to pass 360 00:48:18,061 --> 00:48:21,771 And here are the finalists of the first-ever Earthshot Prize 361 00:48:21,771 --> 00:48:24,591 to clean our air 362 00:48:24,591 --> 00:48:28,051 We head to I ndia to meet the young designer of an ironing cart 363 00:48:28,051 --> 00:48:31,611 that uses solar panels instead of polluting fuel 364 00:48:33,491 --> 00:48:35,901 I ndia is currently grappling 365 00:48:35,901 --> 00:48:38,671 with significant air pollution in its cities 366 00:48:38,671 --> 00:48:42,581 The bad air quality has a long list of causes 367 00:48:42,581 --> 00:48:46,261 One is the burning of polluting fuels like charcoal on the streets 368 00:48:46,261 --> 00:48:49,700 by the country's estimated ten million ironing vendors 369 00:48:52,651 --> 00:48:56,810 At just 1 years old Vinisha Umashankar 370 00:48:56,810 --> 00:48:59,230 a student from Tamil Nadu 371 00:48:59,230 --> 00:49:02,911 has come up with the beginnings of a clean solution 372 00:49:02,911 --> 00:49:05,630 The story started when I was years old 373 00:49:05,630 --> 00:49:09,430 and I was just comng back home from school 374 00:49:09,430 --> 00:49:12,300 and I notced the ronng vendors n my street usng charcoal. 375 00:49:13,810 --> 00:49:15,870 I knew there was somethng wrong about t 376 00:49:15,870 --> 00:49:19,140 so I dd a bt of research and I fgured out 377 00:49:19,140 --> 00:49:22,870 that charcoal causes ar polluton respratory dseases 378 00:49:22,870 --> 00:49:27,020 and all of ths s lnked to clmate change. 379 00:49:27,020 --> 00:49:31,791 I n 201 with a lot of homework as well as the attention and support 380 00:49:31,791 --> 00:49:34,781 of I ndia's National I nnovation Foundation 381 00:49:34,781 --> 00:49:38,820 Vinisha came up with her winning design for a solar ironing cart 382 00:49:40,140 --> 00:49:42,661 The cart has solar panels forming its roof 383 00:49:42,661 --> 00:49:45,620 and these are connected to a battery 384 00:49:45,620 --> 00:49:49,911 It takes around five hours of bright sunshine to fully charge 385 00:49:49,911 --> 00:49:52,791 And this powers the iron for six hours 386 00:49:52,791 --> 00:49:55,460 It even has a mobile phone charging point 387 00:49:55,460 --> 00:49:57,990 meaning street vendors can gain extra income 388 00:49:57,990 --> 00:50:01,070 by selling their stored solar energy 389 00:50:01,070 --> 00:50:04,940 The benefts of the cart beng moble s that the ronng vendors 390 00:50:04,940 --> 00:50:08,100 dont need to stay statonary n one place. 391 00:50:08,100 --> 00:50:12,180 I nstead they can move across town and cover a larger area 392 00:50:12,180 --> 00:50:15,260 thus expandng ther customer base. 393 00:50:15,260 --> 00:50:19,590 Vinisha's idea represents one specific application 394 00:50:19,590 --> 00:50:22,460 but its significance is that it proves a point - 395 00:50:22,460 --> 00:50:28,170 wherever we use polluting fuels we can swap them for clean energy 396 00:50:28,170 --> 00:50:31,990 With more funding she wants to mass- produce the carts cheaply 397 00:50:31,990 --> 00:50:34,791 so that street vendors using charcoal in I ndia 398 00:50:34,791 --> 00:50:38,170 the rest of Asia and Africa can also benefit 399 00:50:40,020 --> 00:50:44,300 Vinisha deserves her place on this list because she's an inspiration 400 00:50:44,300 --> 00:50:47,860 Proof that you're never too young to see a problem take action 401 00:50:47,860 --> 00:50:49,710 and innovate 402 00:50:49,710 --> 00:50:51,860 Now theres just one last feature 403 00:50:51,860 --> 00:50:55,270 a very loud horn to let you know that the ronng vendor 404 00:50:55,270 --> 00:50:57,740 s now n your street. 405 00:50:57,740 --> 00:50:59,350 HORN HON S 406 00:51:01,300 --> 00:51:02,661 Our next finalist 407 00:51:02,661 --> 00:51:06,000 has helped transform China's air quality in recent years 408 00:51:06,000 --> 00:51:10,460 with an app that enables the naming and shaming of the worst polluters 409 00:51:12,100 --> 00:51:16,430 For many years China has been the world's biggest manufacturer 410 00:51:16,430 --> 00:51:20,810 with a reputation for exceptionally high levels of air pollution 411 00:51:20,810 --> 00:51:24,380 The people of China desperately needed to get their blue skies back 412 00:51:24,380 --> 00:51:26,620 and a former journalist Ma J un 413 00:51:26,620 --> 00:51:30,350 decided to use an app to let them do so 414 00:51:30,350 --> 00:51:32,350 urng the smoggy season 415 00:51:32,350 --> 00:51:35,590 checkng the ar qualty s lke checkng the weather. 416 00:51:35,590 --> 00:51:38,020 Our users can fnd out 417 00:51:38,020 --> 00:51:41,300 whether they should wear a mask open the wndow 418 00:51:41,300 --> 00:51:45,380 or whether ts safe to send ther chldren outsde to play. 419 00:51:45,380 --> 00:51:50,460 Or f ts not they can fgure out who s pollutng and tweet t. 420 00:51:51,870 --> 00:51:54,180 When China began to release the emissions data 421 00:51:54,180 --> 00:51:56,100 for thousands of factories 422 00:51:57,710 --> 00:52:02,220 Ma J un placed it all on a map in an app 423 00:52:02,220 --> 00:52:05,990 revealing to everyone when and where the air was dirty 424 00:52:05,990 --> 00:52:08,360 and who was making it dirty 425 00:52:08,360 --> 00:52:12,170 Its a way for us to tap nto transparency 426 00:52:12,170 --> 00:52:14,260 and nformaton technologes 427 00:52:14,260 --> 00:52:18,970 to empower mllons of people to jon the clean up efforts. 428 00:52:18,970 --> 00:52:22,300 Ordinary citizens can use the app to call out polluters 429 00:52:22,300 --> 00:52:24,990 and major brands are using the app to monitor 430 00:52:24,990 --> 00:52:28,020 and improve the environmental performance of their suppliers 431 00:52:30,380 --> 00:52:33,180 The app is making the polluters change their ways 432 00:52:34,980 --> 00:52:37,100 I n just one case 433 00:52:37,100 --> 00:52:42,420 a major lsted steel plant spent more than bllon 434 00:52:42,420 --> 00:52:46,110 to make a very deep cut of ts emsson. 435 00:52:46,110 --> 00:52:48,260 With more than ten million downloads 436 00:52:48,260 --> 00:52:51,860 the app has already had a huge impact 437 00:52:51,860 --> 00:52:55,980 To date it has led to reduced pollution at more than 10000 438 00:52:55,980 --> 00:52:58,661 of China's most seriously polluting factories 439 00:53:01,260 --> 00:53:03,791 So now the blue skies are coming back to China 440 00:53:05,140 --> 00:53:07,610 But Ma J un doesn't want to stop there 441 00:53:09,180 --> 00:53:12,620 He now has plans to develop the app 442 00:53:12,620 --> 00:53:14,791 for other polluted parts of the world 443 00:53:16,870 --> 00:53:21,220 I hope more people n the world can see the value of the combnaton of 444 00:53:21,220 --> 00:53:26,541 technology transparency and publc partcpaton and be more hopeful 445 00:53:26,541 --> 00:53:30,750 to jon the efforts to brng back those blue skes. 446 00:53:30,750 --> 00:53:35,150 Blue Map App shows the potential impact of new technology 447 00:53:35,150 --> 00:53:39,610 and the online community and teaches the world a lesson - 448 00:53:39,610 --> 00:53:43,180 that clever innovation combined with public participation 449 00:53:43,180 --> 00:53:45,310 is a recipe for progress 450 00:53:48,620 --> 00:53:51,950 For our final idea we head back to I ndia 451 00:53:51,950 --> 00:53:54,740 to learn about the Takachar machine 452 00:53:54,740 --> 00:53:57,620 a portable device that can safely burn crop waste 453 00:53:57,620 --> 00:54:00,620 to deal with a key source of air pollution in I ndia 454 00:54:02,340 --> 00:54:06,500 Each year huge amounts of crop residues are burnt by rural farmers 455 00:54:06,500 --> 00:54:10,150 in I ndia leading to urban smog in nearby cities 456 00:54:11,801 --> 00:54:15,100 A young engineer decided to take action 457 00:54:15,100 --> 00:54:17,510 I ve been experencng 458 00:54:17,510 --> 00:54:21,460 poor qualty of ar snce chldhood. 459 00:54:21,460 --> 00:54:24,020 Open burnng of crop resdues 460 00:54:24,020 --> 00:54:27,820 contrbute about of the smog 461 00:54:27,820 --> 00:54:31,690 and they take the already bad qualty of ar 462 00:54:31,690 --> 00:54:33,820 to an extremely poor level. 463 00:54:33,820 --> 00:54:38,510 What we have found s that farmers do not want to burn 464 00:54:38,510 --> 00:54:40,310 ths agrcultural waste 465 00:54:40,310 --> 00:54:42,910 and also are aware of the smoke problem 466 00:54:42,910 --> 00:54:44,860 as t affects ther famles as well. 467 00:54:44,860 --> 00:54:47,340 But due to lack of alternatves 468 00:54:47,340 --> 00:54:50,310 they have no other choce but to burn them n the open. 469 00:54:51,440 --> 00:54:54,470 Vidyut co-developed the Takachar machine 470 00:54:54,470 --> 00:54:57,340 which uses a low-oxygen burning technique 471 00:54:57,340 --> 00:54:59,700 to not only reduce pollution 472 00:54:59,700 --> 00:55:05,150 but also convert the farmers' waste into valuable fertiliser and fuels 473 00:55:05,150 --> 00:55:08,830 And because it's portable it can do so right in the fields 474 00:55:13,180 --> 00:55:16,900 We feed n agrcultural waste lke rce straw coconut shells 475 00:55:16,900 --> 00:55:19,150 nto the machne. 476 00:55:19,150 --> 00:55:21,980 The agrculture waste then undergo torrefacton 477 00:55:21,980 --> 00:55:24,180 whch s essentally roastng the bomass 478 00:55:24,180 --> 00:55:26,590 between degrees Celsus. 479 00:55:26,590 --> 00:55:31,510 This process superheats the residues while starving them of oxygen 480 00:55:31,510 --> 00:55:34,610 producing much less smoke and emissions 481 00:55:34,610 --> 00:55:37,870 It then gets converted to a carbon rch materal 482 00:55:37,870 --> 00:55:42,060 and gets collected n a box ready to be stored and packaged. 483 00:55:42,060 --> 00:55:45,980 The carbon- rich product is used by the farmers as fuel, 484 00:55:45,980 --> 00:55:48,780 fertiliser or sold to industry for factory 485 00:55:48,780 --> 00:55:50,950 and domestic water filtration 486 00:55:52,970 --> 00:55:57,030 It can consume up to kg per hour of agrcultural and forest waste 487 00:55:57,030 --> 00:56:00,770 so f you run t for ten hours a day ts capacty s two tonnes. 488 00:56:00,770 --> 00:56:04,470 Takachar are providing a meaningful solution 489 00:56:04,470 --> 00:56:06,980 that benefits both farmers and the planet 490 00:56:10,110 --> 00:56:13,340 If scaled up they believe they have the potential to increase 491 00:56:13,340 --> 00:56:15,421 the income of rural communities 492 00:56:15,421 --> 00:56:19,030 while improving the air quality of 200 million people 493 00:56:21,510 --> 00:56:23,310 These incredible solutions 494 00:56:23,310 --> 00:56:27,780 could ultimately improve the lives of so many of us 495 00:56:29,500 --> 00:56:32,870 One of these projects will soon win the Earthshot Prize 496 00:56:32,870 --> 00:56:36,900 and get the support platform and resources it needs 497 00:56:36,900 --> 00:56:38,900 to take the initiative to scale 498 00:56:41,020 --> 00:56:45,230 Humans can achieve remarkable things when we set our minds to it 499 00:56:48,190 --> 00:56:49,780 HORN HON S 500 00:56:52,140 --> 00:56:54,030 I n the next episode 501 00:56:54,030 --> 00:56:57,910 we will learn how we may achieve the fourth Earthshot 502 00:56:57,910 --> 00:57:00,820 and revive our oceans 503 00:57:00,820 --> 00:57:03,230 We'll discover a fishing community in Mexico 504 00:57:03,230 --> 00:57:06,830 that has quadrupled its marine life in 15 years 505 00:57:06,830 --> 00:57:09,780 meet sniffer dogs helping us to understand and halt 506 00:57:09,780 --> 00:57:11,780 our poisoning of the seas 507 00:57:11,780 --> 00:57:14,750 and find people all over the world who are demonstrating 508 00:57:14,750 --> 00:57:18,990 just how quickly and spectacularly the oceans can recover - 509 00:57:18,990 --> 00:57:20,470 if we let them