1 00:00:09,465 --> 00:00:12,798 For the kingdom of France and for God! 2 00:00:14,700 --> 00:00:15,900 The wars of religion 3 00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:18,804 fashioned the Europe we live in today. 4 00:00:18,804 --> 00:00:21,554 (dramatic music) 5 00:00:23,745 --> 00:00:25,920 I have the heart and the stomach of a king. 6 00:00:25,920 --> 00:00:27,220 In the 16th century, 7 00:00:27,220 --> 00:00:29,860 religion and power were inextricably linked 8 00:00:31,670 --> 00:00:33,080 (laughing) 9 00:00:33,080 --> 00:00:34,310 Ma'am, the Catholics are defying you. 10 00:00:34,310 --> 00:00:37,800 I will never marry this heretic, you hear me, never. 11 00:00:37,800 --> 00:00:39,163 What have you done Henry, 12 00:00:40,257 --> 00:00:41,741 what have you done to this kingdom? 13 00:00:41,741 --> 00:00:42,880 Promise he'll remain Catholic. 14 00:00:42,880 --> 00:00:44,973 At the time of the Renaissance, 15 00:00:45,851 --> 00:00:46,710 the rulers of Europe's most important nations 16 00:00:46,710 --> 00:00:49,300 rivaled each other's violence in the name of God. 17 00:00:49,300 --> 00:00:51,054 Kill them, yes. 18 00:00:51,054 --> 00:00:52,220 (screaming) 19 00:00:52,220 --> 00:00:53,751 Kill them all. 20 00:00:53,751 --> 00:00:55,050 (baby crying) 21 00:00:55,050 --> 00:00:56,356 God punishes heretics. 22 00:00:56,356 --> 00:00:57,189 (screaming) 23 00:00:57,189 --> 00:00:58,273 (lances crashing) 24 00:00:58,273 --> 00:00:59,690 (dramatic music) 25 00:00:59,690 --> 00:01:01,919 There must be another solution. 26 00:01:01,919 --> 00:01:05,240 She who must take the English throne. 27 00:01:05,240 --> 00:01:06,776 Plots. 28 00:01:06,776 --> 00:01:08,630 Your prince is offering me the crown of the Netherlands 29 00:01:08,630 --> 00:01:09,890 for an army. 30 00:01:09,890 --> 00:01:10,870 Betrayal. 31 00:01:10,870 --> 00:01:11,703 Oh, it can't be true. 32 00:01:11,703 --> 00:01:13,190 Jealousy and grief 33 00:01:14,132 --> 00:01:15,663 rocked the most powerful families. 34 00:01:17,120 --> 00:01:18,739 We cannot allow this. 35 00:01:18,739 --> 00:01:20,106 I admire your audacity. 36 00:01:20,106 --> 00:01:20,960 (Statue breaking) 37 00:01:20,960 --> 00:01:23,733 The pitiless game between power and faith. 38 00:01:25,953 --> 00:01:26,910 (screaming) 39 00:01:26,910 --> 00:01:29,583 Is the true history behind today's era. 40 00:01:31,435 --> 00:01:33,184 (dramatic music) 41 00:01:33,184 --> 00:01:35,934 (sword slashing) 42 00:01:41,710 --> 00:01:42,913 France had a new king. 43 00:01:45,520 --> 00:01:46,963 But his country was at war. 44 00:01:48,263 --> 00:01:50,900 (yelling) 45 00:01:50,900 --> 00:01:53,173 And his brother continued to betray him. 46 00:01:55,285 --> 00:01:59,143 In England, the virgin queen was in love. 47 00:01:59,143 --> 00:02:02,010 (laughing) 48 00:02:02,010 --> 00:02:04,700 While the King of Spain had a unique opportunity 49 00:02:04,700 --> 00:02:06,809 to expand his empire. 50 00:02:06,809 --> 00:02:09,580 Jealousy, sex and betrayal, 51 00:02:09,580 --> 00:02:11,903 have set Europe on the verge of explosion. 52 00:02:13,486 --> 00:02:16,236 (dramatic music) 53 00:02:59,700 --> 00:03:04,000 On February 13th, 1575, Henry Duke of Anjou 54 00:03:04,000 --> 00:03:06,260 and 3rd son of Henry II, 55 00:03:06,260 --> 00:03:09,633 was crowned in the Cathedral of Reims in eastern France. 56 00:03:14,560 --> 00:03:16,610 The same cathedral where his father 57 00:03:16,610 --> 00:03:18,323 and two brothers had been crowned. 58 00:03:24,210 --> 00:03:26,370 This was where almost every King of France 59 00:03:26,370 --> 00:03:28,783 had been crowned since the 9th century. 60 00:03:30,365 --> 00:03:33,115 (dramatic music) 61 00:03:42,790 --> 00:03:46,230 His beloved mother Catherine de Medici was in attendance, 62 00:03:46,230 --> 00:03:49,970 as were his younger brother Francis Duke of Alencon, 63 00:03:49,970 --> 00:03:52,165 his sister Margaret of Valois, known as Margot, 64 00:03:52,165 --> 00:03:55,960 and her husband Henry of Navarre. 65 00:03:55,960 --> 00:03:58,170 May the mediator of God and men 66 00:03:58,170 --> 00:04:01,573 make you a mediator of priests and of the people. 67 00:04:03,010 --> 00:04:05,082 It was an emotional day 68 00:04:05,082 --> 00:04:06,260 for Catherine de Medici, 69 00:04:06,260 --> 00:04:07,890 she made no secret of the fact 70 00:04:07,890 --> 00:04:09,897 that Henry was her favorite son. 71 00:04:16,710 --> 00:04:20,120 As the Cardinal of Guise placed Charlemagne's old crown 72 00:04:20,120 --> 00:04:21,423 on the young king's head, 73 00:04:23,426 --> 00:04:25,261 (ringing) (gasping) 74 00:04:25,261 --> 00:04:26,450 it slipped. 75 00:04:26,450 --> 00:04:28,890 (ominous music) 76 00:04:28,890 --> 00:04:30,270 And worse still, 77 00:04:30,270 --> 00:04:33,030 the holy ampulla containing the holy oil 78 00:04:33,030 --> 00:04:36,417 used in the baptism of Clovis didn't look right. 79 00:04:36,417 --> 00:04:39,084 (ominous music) 80 00:04:44,240 --> 00:04:46,770 For the superstitious in the gathering, 81 00:04:46,770 --> 00:04:51,462 these incidents did not bode well for the coming reign. 82 00:04:51,462 --> 00:04:54,212 (dramatic music) 83 00:05:03,998 --> 00:05:06,710 23 year old Henry III finally wore the crown 84 00:05:06,710 --> 00:05:08,423 he had coveted for years. 85 00:05:09,770 --> 00:05:11,623 But the task ahead was daunting. 86 00:05:12,730 --> 00:05:15,270 Henry had inherited a country in ruin, 87 00:05:15,270 --> 00:05:17,073 devastated by civil war. 88 00:05:18,440 --> 00:05:20,130 He knew he could count on his mother, 89 00:05:20,130 --> 00:05:22,450 Catherine de Medici, now 56 years old 90 00:05:22,450 --> 00:05:24,670 to help him rebuild his kingdom. 91 00:05:31,643 --> 00:05:34,143 (light music) 92 00:05:39,610 --> 00:05:42,260 A victorious military leader in his youth, 93 00:05:42,260 --> 00:05:45,933 once crowned the new King's behavior changed dramatically. 94 00:05:48,260 --> 00:05:50,090 Previously ungodly, 95 00:05:50,090 --> 00:05:52,843 the King suddenly became incredibly devout. 96 00:06:01,730 --> 00:06:03,470 But when not praying, 97 00:06:03,470 --> 00:06:06,454 Henry III delighted in the pleasures of the court. 98 00:06:06,454 --> 00:06:07,460 (laughing) 99 00:06:07,460 --> 00:06:08,293 Cheers. 100 00:06:09,245 --> 00:06:11,710 He sometimes lazed around for days 101 00:06:11,710 --> 00:06:13,580 surrounded by his favorites, 102 00:06:13,580 --> 00:06:15,073 who he called his mignon. 103 00:06:15,907 --> 00:06:18,157 (laughing) 104 00:06:20,360 --> 00:06:22,423 So I am now your king. 105 00:06:23,420 --> 00:06:27,843 I shall reward your fidelity, 106 00:06:31,000 --> 00:06:33,063 as well as your loyalty, 107 00:06:35,620 --> 00:06:37,163 and your dedication. 108 00:06:40,226 --> 00:06:42,078 (laughing) 109 00:06:42,078 --> 00:06:43,320 At this time, the walls of The Louvre 110 00:06:43,320 --> 00:06:46,350 were covered in offensive graffiti against the king. 111 00:06:46,350 --> 00:06:49,400 The behavior of Henry did not fit the image the French had 112 00:06:49,400 --> 00:06:50,643 of a strong ruler. 113 00:06:51,970 --> 00:06:54,550 Everyone thought he should be fighting heretics 114 00:06:54,550 --> 00:06:56,983 instead of wasting his time with his favorites. 115 00:06:58,270 --> 00:07:00,980 But while much maligned, the King of France 116 00:07:00,980 --> 00:07:03,663 was still perceived as a threat across the channel. 117 00:07:05,073 --> 00:07:07,740 (ominous music) 118 00:07:10,174 --> 00:07:12,924 (birds chirping) 119 00:07:14,221 --> 00:07:16,888 (ominous music) 120 00:07:23,420 --> 00:07:24,583 What news of France? 121 00:07:26,160 --> 00:07:29,040 In England, the Protestant Queen Elizabeth I 122 00:07:29,040 --> 00:07:31,873 kept the new King of France under close watch. 123 00:07:35,800 --> 00:07:37,840 Her spies reported that Henry 124 00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:40,850 was busy strengthening his ties with other Catholic rulers 125 00:07:40,850 --> 00:07:41,923 across Europe. 126 00:07:43,180 --> 00:07:44,603 He is worse than a demon! 127 00:07:46,710 --> 00:07:47,817 Eliabeth feared that Henry III 128 00:07:47,817 --> 00:07:50,880 and the King of Spain were plotting to overthrow her, 129 00:07:50,880 --> 00:07:53,750 and place her cousin, Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, 130 00:07:53,750 --> 00:07:55,033 on the English throne. 131 00:07:59,220 --> 00:08:00,523 I shall not accept it. 132 00:08:03,545 --> 00:08:06,300 (ominous music) 133 00:08:06,300 --> 00:08:08,532 To thwart them, 134 00:08:08,532 --> 00:08:10,423 Elizabeth continued to support Protestant rebels in Europe. 135 00:08:10,423 --> 00:08:13,653 Urging them to dethrone their Catholic rulers. 136 00:08:15,670 --> 00:08:18,290 While Spain and France are fighting in their own kingdoms, 137 00:08:18,290 --> 00:08:20,640 they will balk at giving my crown to that Scot. 138 00:08:22,150 --> 00:08:23,800 Take this to whom it may concern. 139 00:08:26,550 --> 00:08:29,760 Ever since her coronation 16 years ago, 140 00:08:29,760 --> 00:08:32,553 Elizabeth had been threatened by Catholics at home. 141 00:08:34,060 --> 00:08:37,503 They wanted to see Mary Stuart take her place on the throne. 142 00:08:42,600 --> 00:08:45,301 So for the past seven years, 143 00:08:45,301 --> 00:08:47,520 Eliabeth had held her troublesome cousin prisoner 144 00:08:47,520 --> 00:08:49,463 in a castle in northern England. 145 00:08:50,384 --> 00:08:53,051 (door clanking) 146 00:08:57,770 --> 00:09:00,370 Day after day, in front of her jailers, 147 00:09:00,370 --> 00:09:03,493 Mary Stuart feigned acceptance of her house arrest. 148 00:09:06,300 --> 00:09:08,790 But in the shadows, she was plotting 149 00:09:08,790 --> 00:09:10,440 with the Catholic rulers of Europe 150 00:09:10,440 --> 00:09:11,843 to secure her freedom. 151 00:09:15,970 --> 00:09:18,350 She often wrote coded diplomatic letters 152 00:09:18,350 --> 00:09:20,933 to the courts of France, Spain, and Rome. 153 00:09:22,839 --> 00:09:25,589 (dramatic music) 154 00:09:30,900 --> 00:09:33,090 The messages were passed to accomplices 155 00:09:34,870 --> 00:09:38,010 who visited her in various disguises 156 00:09:38,010 --> 00:09:40,033 before being transported to Europe. 157 00:09:46,110 --> 00:09:48,280 The plots only increased the tensions 158 00:09:48,280 --> 00:09:50,133 between England and France. 159 00:09:53,572 --> 00:09:56,322 (dramatic music) 160 00:10:02,470 --> 00:10:03,470 Across the channel, 161 00:10:03,470 --> 00:10:06,560 far from seeking to overthrow Queen Elizabeth, 162 00:10:06,560 --> 00:10:09,370 Catherine de Medici was eager to forge an alliance 163 00:10:09,370 --> 00:10:10,223 with her rival. 164 00:10:11,550 --> 00:10:12,940 Five years ago, 165 00:10:12,940 --> 00:10:16,233 Catherine suggested Elizabeth should marry her son Henry. 166 00:10:18,130 --> 00:10:20,730 But he refused to wed a Protestant. 167 00:10:20,730 --> 00:10:24,250 Choosing instead Louise of Lorraine Vaudemont, 168 00:10:24,250 --> 00:10:26,353 a young princess without fortune. 169 00:10:29,580 --> 00:10:31,520 Catherine then offered Elizabeth the hand 170 00:10:31,520 --> 00:10:34,460 of her youngest son Francis, Duke of Alencon. 171 00:10:35,886 --> 00:10:38,636 (dramatic music) 172 00:10:56,885 --> 00:10:57,718 (laughing) 173 00:10:57,718 --> 00:11:00,712 It was a union that Elizabeth initially refused. 174 00:11:00,712 --> 00:11:05,712 But her advisors urged her to reconsider the marriage. 175 00:11:05,910 --> 00:11:10,100 Francis unlike Henry, was known to be a moderate Catholic, 176 00:11:10,100 --> 00:11:13,293 and therefore a far better match for the Protestant Queen. 177 00:11:20,170 --> 00:11:22,773 But Francis of Alencon was no prince charming, 178 00:11:23,630 --> 00:11:26,313 he suffered from a slight deformity of the spine. 179 00:11:29,690 --> 00:11:34,540 Surly and devious, Francis, who everyone called Monsieur, 180 00:11:34,540 --> 00:11:36,900 was hungry for power, and extremely jealous 181 00:11:36,900 --> 00:11:38,850 of his older brother, King Henry. 182 00:11:38,850 --> 00:11:40,980 He felt cheated of the honors and riches 183 00:11:40,980 --> 00:11:42,580 he believed were his birthright. 184 00:11:44,156 --> 00:11:46,906 (dramatic music) 185 00:11:50,640 --> 00:11:53,840 The new King of France knew to be wary of his brother, 186 00:11:53,840 --> 00:11:57,120 and others, because Francis of Alencon 187 00:11:57,120 --> 00:11:59,883 was not the only dissident in the royal court. 188 00:12:02,600 --> 00:12:05,210 Three years earlier, their sister Margot, 189 00:12:05,210 --> 00:12:08,340 married Henry of Bourbon, King of Navarre, 190 00:12:08,340 --> 00:12:10,470 forced to become Catholic in the aftermath 191 00:12:10,470 --> 00:12:12,740 of the Saint Bartholomew's Massacre. 192 00:12:12,740 --> 00:12:15,903 Navarre remained however, a fervent Protestant. 193 00:12:17,123 --> 00:12:19,873 (dramatic music) 194 00:12:31,110 --> 00:12:33,440 The King suspected that his brother Francis 195 00:12:33,440 --> 00:12:36,160 and Navarre were supporting the Protestants, 196 00:12:36,160 --> 00:12:38,620 with Margot's full complicity. 197 00:12:38,620 --> 00:12:40,010 To prevent their mistake, 198 00:12:40,010 --> 00:12:42,773 King Henry placed them all under house arrest. 199 00:12:44,940 --> 00:12:46,810 Within the royal family, 200 00:12:46,810 --> 00:12:49,423 the atmosphere was incredibly tense. 201 00:12:51,230 --> 00:12:52,563 Do not be fooled. 202 00:12:53,400 --> 00:12:55,633 Remember my son that you are the King. 203 00:12:57,980 --> 00:13:00,630 With the help of his ever faithful Mignon, 204 00:13:00,630 --> 00:13:03,670 Henry III tried to find a way to drive a wedge 205 00:13:03,670 --> 00:13:05,433 between the disloyal trio. 206 00:13:07,360 --> 00:13:09,753 That is an excellent idea my friend. 207 00:13:11,519 --> 00:13:14,269 (dramatic music) 208 00:13:27,050 --> 00:13:29,190 His idea was to use the charms 209 00:13:29,190 --> 00:13:32,933 of a pretty young noble woman, named Charlotte of Sauve. 210 00:13:36,965 --> 00:13:39,548 (door opening) 211 00:13:41,350 --> 00:13:44,100 (romantic music) 212 00:13:46,910 --> 00:13:48,073 You are divine. 213 00:14:01,655 --> 00:14:02,693 Charlotte's mission 214 00:14:02,693 --> 00:14:04,910 was to seduce Francis, the King's brother. 215 00:14:06,459 --> 00:14:09,709 (light romantic music) 216 00:14:27,591 --> 00:14:30,258 (ominous music) 217 00:14:57,446 --> 00:14:59,029 You're beautiful. 218 00:15:10,070 --> 00:15:10,903 Navarre's infidelity 219 00:15:10,903 --> 00:15:12,833 was a blow to his wife Margot. 220 00:15:13,710 --> 00:15:15,900 She had really never been in love with Navarre, 221 00:15:15,900 --> 00:15:18,003 but she felt utterly betrayed. 222 00:15:20,190 --> 00:15:22,570 Now three years into her marriage, 223 00:15:22,570 --> 00:15:24,283 things were at breaking point. 224 00:15:28,403 --> 00:15:31,330 (light music) 225 00:15:31,330 --> 00:15:32,990 Under the rule of Charles the 9th, 226 00:15:32,990 --> 00:15:35,963 the Court of France was a hotbed of political intrigue. 227 00:15:36,830 --> 00:15:40,230 During this period, the intrigues were amorous, 228 00:15:40,230 --> 00:15:42,923 the air was heavy with jealousy and hatred. 229 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:46,900 Navarre described his daily life 230 00:15:46,900 --> 00:15:50,493 in a letter to his cousin dated 1575. 231 00:15:52,250 --> 00:15:54,030 The court is the strangest thing 232 00:15:54,030 --> 00:15:55,053 you've ever seen. 233 00:15:56,870 --> 00:16:00,323 We're almost constantly poised to cut each other's throats, 234 00:16:02,077 --> 00:16:06,180 we carry daggers and wear coats of armor. 235 00:16:06,180 --> 00:16:08,253 Not from breastplates beneath our capes. 236 00:16:10,590 --> 00:16:12,800 King Henry's plan had worked, 237 00:16:12,800 --> 00:16:14,333 divide and conquer. 238 00:16:15,371 --> 00:16:18,121 (dramatic music) 239 00:16:19,500 --> 00:16:21,500 But behind the scenes in court, 240 00:16:21,500 --> 00:16:24,460 Catherine de Medici wanted to reconcile her sons, 241 00:16:24,460 --> 00:16:26,790 she believed that unity was strength. 242 00:16:26,790 --> 00:16:28,260 She pleaded with King Henry 243 00:16:28,260 --> 00:16:30,163 to grant his brother more freedom. 244 00:16:31,690 --> 00:16:35,363 Francis for his part promised not to attempt any escape. 245 00:16:39,095 --> 00:16:41,845 (dramatic music) 246 00:16:43,950 --> 00:16:47,280 On the night of September 15, 1575, 247 00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:49,770 the newly liberated Francis of Alencon 248 00:16:49,770 --> 00:16:50,870 seized the opportunity 249 00:16:50,870 --> 00:16:53,153 to visit one of his mistresses in Paris. 250 00:16:55,260 --> 00:16:57,903 But the lovely lady's residence had two exits. 251 00:16:59,052 --> 00:17:01,802 (dramatic music) 252 00:17:16,232 --> 00:17:20,732 The King of Frances' younger brother just slipped out. 253 00:17:25,950 --> 00:17:27,500 At nine o'clock that evening, 254 00:17:27,500 --> 00:17:30,200 the king heard that Monsieur had escaped. 255 00:17:30,200 --> 00:17:32,453 Henry flew into a violent rage. 256 00:17:34,560 --> 00:17:35,393 He was convinced 257 00:17:35,393 --> 00:17:38,590 that his brother would now join the Malcontent, 258 00:17:38,590 --> 00:17:40,270 a group of hard line Catholics 259 00:17:40,270 --> 00:17:42,833 and Protestants opposed to his reign. 260 00:17:51,610 --> 00:17:53,540 Henry. My Lord 261 00:17:53,540 --> 00:17:55,200 My dear Friend. 262 00:17:55,200 --> 00:17:57,190 In Dreux, Francis of Alencon 263 00:17:57,190 --> 00:17:59,800 went to meet Henry of Bourbon Conde, 264 00:17:59,800 --> 00:18:03,130 the leader of the Huguenots, France's Protestants. 265 00:18:03,130 --> 00:18:03,963 How right you are. 266 00:18:03,963 --> 00:18:05,950 Francis was not a Protestant, 267 00:18:05,950 --> 00:18:08,520 but he was ready to fight for religious freedom 268 00:18:08,520 --> 00:18:11,300 if it meant he could use the Huguenot's power and wealth 269 00:18:11,300 --> 00:18:13,255 to force his brother to grant him honors 270 00:18:13,255 --> 00:18:16,193 and privileges in keeping with his standing. 271 00:18:19,840 --> 00:18:22,240 Henry of Bourbon, the Prince of Conde, 272 00:18:22,240 --> 00:18:25,410 was 23 years old when he succeeded his father, 273 00:18:25,410 --> 00:18:26,930 Louis Bourbon. 274 00:18:26,930 --> 00:18:29,973 He had died at the Battle of Jarnac six years earlier. 275 00:18:31,958 --> 00:18:35,070 A resolute Calvinist, the Prince of Conde 276 00:18:35,070 --> 00:18:36,780 was an accomplished military leader 277 00:18:36,780 --> 00:18:39,433 who had taken a key role in the Protestant movement. 278 00:18:40,881 --> 00:18:43,631 (dramatic music) 279 00:18:50,070 --> 00:18:52,740 In Germany, Conde had recruited soldiers 280 00:18:52,740 --> 00:18:54,803 ready to fight for the Protestant cause. 281 00:18:56,940 --> 00:19:00,870 He was now able to count on 30,000 men to invade France, 282 00:19:00,870 --> 00:19:03,803 and obtain what diplomacy had failed to achieve. 283 00:19:15,930 --> 00:19:17,840 Three days after his escape, 284 00:19:17,840 --> 00:19:20,633 Francis sent his brother a solemn declaration. 285 00:19:25,450 --> 00:19:27,320 In the name of the common good, 286 00:19:27,320 --> 00:19:30,000 he demanded religious freedom for all, 287 00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:31,690 and permission for Protestants 288 00:19:31,690 --> 00:19:33,673 to practice their faith in public. 289 00:19:37,730 --> 00:19:40,963 Furious, Henry III considered his response. 290 00:19:41,973 --> 00:19:45,223 (dramatic organ music) 291 00:19:57,180 --> 00:19:59,297 He was determined to declare war on his brother 292 00:19:59,297 --> 00:20:00,733 and the Prince of Conde. 293 00:20:01,930 --> 00:20:04,680 But the catastrophic state of France's finances 294 00:20:04,680 --> 00:20:07,883 threatened to plunge the kingdom into an unwinnable war. 295 00:20:16,200 --> 00:20:17,890 You have no choice, you must relent 296 00:20:17,890 --> 00:20:19,840 and give way to your brother's demands. 297 00:20:21,110 --> 00:20:23,263 I'll do my utmost to make him see reason. 298 00:20:24,582 --> 00:20:26,193 Trust me, I beg you. 299 00:20:33,744 --> 00:20:34,929 (dogs barking) 300 00:20:34,929 --> 00:20:38,690 (trumpets sounding) 301 00:20:38,690 --> 00:20:41,170 On February 3, 1576, 302 00:20:41,170 --> 00:20:44,013 the situation became even worse for King Henry. 303 00:20:48,500 --> 00:20:50,930 Four months after his brother's escape, 304 00:20:50,930 --> 00:20:53,130 his brother-in-law Henry of Navarre 305 00:20:53,130 --> 00:20:55,163 fled Paris while out hunting. 306 00:20:57,399 --> 00:20:59,982 (dogs barking) 307 00:21:02,003 --> 00:21:04,753 (dramatic music) 308 00:21:05,980 --> 00:21:09,350 After four years locked behind the walls of The Louvre, 309 00:21:09,350 --> 00:21:12,363 he rode to the stronghold of Navarre and Albrecht, Nerac. 310 00:21:14,275 --> 00:21:17,025 (dramatic music) 311 00:21:24,860 --> 00:21:27,890 Once safe, Navarre renounced Catholicism. 312 00:21:27,890 --> 00:21:29,800 After all he was forced to embrace it 313 00:21:29,800 --> 00:21:31,590 to save his own skin, 314 00:21:31,590 --> 00:21:33,673 after the Saint Bartholomew's Massacre. 315 00:21:43,860 --> 00:21:46,690 France was on the brink of chaos. 316 00:21:46,690 --> 00:21:50,000 For Catherine de Medici, it was now a matter of urgency 317 00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:51,720 to reconcile her sons. 318 00:21:51,720 --> 00:21:54,313 She invited them to sign a peace agreement. 319 00:21:57,300 --> 00:22:00,040 Preserved in the National Archives in Paris 320 00:22:00,040 --> 00:22:02,310 is the Edict of Boulogne, 321 00:22:02,310 --> 00:22:05,513 better known at the time as the Peace of Monsieur. 322 00:22:06,380 --> 00:22:08,040 At the request of his brother, 323 00:22:08,040 --> 00:22:10,230 King Henry agreed to allow Protestants 324 00:22:10,230 --> 00:22:13,123 to freely practice their faith throughout the kingdom. 325 00:22:14,010 --> 00:22:17,560 Henry also agreed to give Francis a healthy pension, 326 00:22:17,560 --> 00:22:19,860 and the title Duke of Anjou. 327 00:22:19,860 --> 00:22:22,530 The peace of Monsieur attracted the attention 328 00:22:22,530 --> 00:22:24,573 of Protestants throughout Europe. 329 00:22:25,461 --> 00:22:28,128 (driving music) 330 00:22:29,310 --> 00:22:31,753 In their eyes, Francis was a hero. 331 00:22:37,070 --> 00:22:39,610 Soon afterwards, Francis received the messenger 332 00:22:39,610 --> 00:22:42,330 from William of Nassau, Prince of Orange, 333 00:22:42,330 --> 00:22:44,223 leader of the Flemish rebels. 334 00:22:46,470 --> 00:22:48,860 Your prince is offering me the Crown of the Netherlands 335 00:22:48,860 --> 00:22:50,260 for an army? 336 00:22:50,260 --> 00:22:52,090 William of Orange refused to accept 337 00:22:52,090 --> 00:22:54,380 the Spanish occupation of his country, 338 00:22:54,380 --> 00:22:55,610 and for the last 10 years, 339 00:22:55,610 --> 00:22:57,560 had been fighting for independence. 340 00:22:57,560 --> 00:22:59,771 He wanted to enlist Francis' support. 341 00:22:59,771 --> 00:23:02,070 He promised him the throne of The Netherlands, 342 00:23:02,070 --> 00:23:05,503 if he agreed to help drive out Phillip II of Spain. 343 00:23:07,670 --> 00:23:09,743 This was a very tempting offer. 344 00:23:13,100 --> 00:23:14,470 But the Flemish would have to wait 345 00:23:14,470 --> 00:23:16,643 for the hero they so desperately wanted. 346 00:23:21,970 --> 00:23:24,400 Because in France, the Peace of Monsieur 347 00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:27,180 had unleashed the fury of the Catholics. 348 00:23:27,180 --> 00:23:29,160 Catholic leagues began to spring up 349 00:23:29,160 --> 00:23:30,350 throughout the kingdom. 350 00:23:30,350 --> 00:23:33,490 Nobles and peasants united in defense of their faith, 351 00:23:33,490 --> 00:23:37,253 their single objective, to overturn the Peace of Monsieur. 352 00:23:42,130 --> 00:23:45,320 Henry of Guise was the leader of the Catholic League. 353 00:23:45,320 --> 00:23:47,530 Ultra-Catholic, and power hungry, 354 00:23:47,530 --> 00:23:50,370 this young man of 27 years was hellbent 355 00:23:50,370 --> 00:23:53,460 on avenging the death of his father, Francis of Guise, 356 00:23:53,460 --> 00:23:56,533 who had been murdered by Protestants four years earlier. 357 00:24:00,860 --> 00:24:03,427 Henry of Guise was so popular among Catholics 358 00:24:03,427 --> 00:24:06,447 that the King of France was wary of him. 359 00:24:06,447 --> 00:24:09,197 (dramatic music) 360 00:24:14,470 --> 00:24:17,380 Propaganda pamphlets were regularly distributed, 361 00:24:17,380 --> 00:24:21,230 denouncing the weak and corrupt house of Valois. 362 00:24:21,230 --> 00:24:24,142 They claimed that the Guise, descendants of Charlemagne, 363 00:24:24,142 --> 00:24:26,770 were the legitimate rulers of France, 364 00:24:26,770 --> 00:24:29,363 ready to lead the fight against heretics. 365 00:24:30,278 --> 00:24:33,010 (paper crumbling) 366 00:24:33,010 --> 00:24:36,500 To crush the revolt, King Henry decided to make himself 367 00:24:36,500 --> 00:24:37,840 head of the Catholic League, 368 00:24:37,840 --> 00:24:41,533 and to that end, ask his brother Francis for help. 369 00:24:54,220 --> 00:24:57,510 Francis had every reason to help his brother the King, 370 00:24:57,510 --> 00:25:01,003 after all, he was now titled, rich and powerful. 371 00:25:06,800 --> 00:25:09,850 Francis had forced the King to agree to Protestant worship 372 00:25:09,850 --> 00:25:14,180 throughout the kingdom, but now acquiesced without protest. 373 00:25:14,180 --> 00:25:16,420 On January 3, 1577, 374 00:25:16,420 --> 00:25:18,963 Henry III canceled the Peace of Monsieur. 375 00:25:23,610 --> 00:25:26,670 Two religions would no longer be tolerated. 376 00:25:26,670 --> 00:25:29,963 The King intended to totally purge his kingdom of heresy. 377 00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:38,109 For the sixth time in 15 years, 378 00:25:38,109 --> 00:25:41,173 France was plunged into Civil War. 379 00:25:44,250 --> 00:25:49,250 On May 2, 1577, under the orders of Francis Duke of Anjou, 380 00:25:49,510 --> 00:25:52,570 royalist troops destroyed the Huguenot bastion 381 00:25:52,570 --> 00:25:54,500 of Cherrette di Luar. 382 00:25:54,500 --> 00:25:56,822 A month later, on June 12, 1577, 383 00:25:56,822 --> 00:26:00,583 the city of Espoir in Auvergne was destroyed. 384 00:26:02,880 --> 00:26:05,673 3000 innocent Protestants were murdered. 385 00:26:07,820 --> 00:26:11,420 Francis, who had once defended the Huguenot cause, 386 00:26:11,420 --> 00:26:13,113 was now their sworn enemy. 387 00:26:27,669 --> 00:26:30,169 (regal music) 388 00:26:33,480 --> 00:26:35,350 At the Chateau de Chinonclau, 389 00:26:35,350 --> 00:26:37,280 where the royal court was based, 390 00:26:37,280 --> 00:26:39,230 Catherine de Medici organized a party 391 00:26:39,230 --> 00:26:41,653 to celebrate her sons' reconciliation. 392 00:26:43,758 --> 00:26:45,320 Then she said did not look like each other. 393 00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:46,450 For the occasion, 394 00:26:46,450 --> 00:26:49,843 Chinonclau was renamed the Chateau of Good News. 395 00:26:53,777 --> 00:26:56,040 I would like to raise my glass to this fabulous. 396 00:26:56,040 --> 00:26:57,650 The court was once again 397 00:26:57,650 --> 00:26:58,973 a place of entertainment. 398 00:27:00,130 --> 00:27:02,090 I'm glad you've seen sense brother. 399 00:27:02,090 --> 00:27:04,623 Well, who am I to contradict the King? 400 00:27:06,163 --> 00:27:08,680 (glasses clinking) 401 00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:10,330 The Valois were now united 402 00:27:10,330 --> 00:27:13,110 against the Huguenots, but short of money, 403 00:27:13,110 --> 00:27:14,603 the fighting had to stop. 404 00:27:16,940 --> 00:27:18,380 With no clear winner, 405 00:27:18,380 --> 00:27:21,450 six months into this latest religious war, 406 00:27:21,450 --> 00:27:24,523 Catholics and Protestants were forced to make peace. 407 00:27:26,610 --> 00:27:31,510 On September 14, 1577, a new agreement was signed. 408 00:27:31,510 --> 00:27:32,860 It prohibited the formation 409 00:27:32,860 --> 00:27:35,023 of any form of league in the kingdom. 410 00:27:37,770 --> 00:27:40,273 Officially, France was at peace. 411 00:27:44,120 --> 00:27:45,620 But at court, 412 00:27:45,620 --> 00:27:48,980 Henry and Francis were very wary of one another. 413 00:27:51,568 --> 00:27:54,235 (ominous music) 414 00:28:03,340 --> 00:28:06,210 Henry suspected his brother wanted to switch sides 415 00:28:06,210 --> 00:28:09,073 and secretly harbor designs on the Dutch crown. 416 00:28:10,650 --> 00:28:11,870 He knew the Flemish rebels 417 00:28:11,870 --> 00:28:14,220 had asked Francis to raise an army 418 00:28:14,220 --> 00:28:16,853 to free them from the Catholic Spanish occupation, 419 00:28:19,050 --> 00:28:22,473 which would plunge France into a war against Spain. 420 00:28:28,130 --> 00:28:29,722 To test his suspicions, 421 00:28:29,722 --> 00:28:33,060 the King decided to pay his brother a surprise visit 422 00:28:33,060 --> 00:28:34,410 in the middle of the night. 423 00:28:44,082 --> 00:28:46,180 What are you doing? 424 00:28:46,180 --> 00:28:50,018 I know my brother that you intend to betray me. 425 00:28:50,018 --> 00:28:52,460 Go on, search everything. 426 00:28:52,460 --> 00:28:55,383 I forbid it, I won't allow it. 427 00:28:55,383 --> 00:28:56,790 Tell him to stop immediately. 428 00:28:56,790 --> 00:28:58,417 You forbid it (laughing) 429 00:28:58,417 --> 00:29:00,480 You have no business here, these are my private quarters. 430 00:29:00,480 --> 00:29:02,919 Get off me. Get out of my room. 431 00:29:02,919 --> 00:29:04,352 You demon, you may be the King, 432 00:29:04,352 --> 00:29:05,803 but I am the brother of the King 433 00:29:05,803 --> 00:29:07,361 Yes but I am the King. and I deserve respect. 434 00:29:07,361 --> 00:29:08,194 I deserve a little bit more regard 435 00:29:08,194 --> 00:29:09,043 Let go of me. 436 00:29:10,042 --> 00:29:12,542 Stop that immediately Henry. 437 00:29:14,483 --> 00:29:16,883 Have you taken leave of your senses? 438 00:29:18,889 --> 00:29:21,639 (dramatic music) 439 00:29:22,610 --> 00:29:24,570 Mad with rage, the King was sure 440 00:29:24,570 --> 00:29:27,020 he had found evidence of his brother's treachery. 441 00:29:31,030 --> 00:29:34,590 But it was only a love letter from his mistress. 442 00:29:34,590 --> 00:29:36,440 Nevertheless, Francis realized 443 00:29:36,440 --> 00:29:38,977 that his life was in serious danger. 444 00:29:38,977 --> 00:29:41,644 (ominous music) 445 00:29:47,080 --> 00:29:50,023 Four days later, he fled through the window, 446 00:29:52,930 --> 00:29:54,563 and headed for The Netherlands. 447 00:29:57,320 --> 00:30:00,620 On the way, Francis of Anjou gathered together an army, 448 00:30:00,620 --> 00:30:04,260 and in July 1578, he arrived in Mons, 449 00:30:04,260 --> 00:30:05,940 in what is now Belgium. 450 00:30:05,940 --> 00:30:08,440 But his supply of money was running low, 451 00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:11,130 and he did not have enough to feed his men. 452 00:30:11,130 --> 00:30:13,410 His half-starved army began to plunder the very towns 453 00:30:13,410 --> 00:30:15,613 and villages they were meant to protect. 454 00:30:21,926 --> 00:30:23,150 In the eyes of the Flemish, 455 00:30:23,150 --> 00:30:26,110 Francis was no longer the longed for savior 456 00:30:26,110 --> 00:30:27,836 to fight the King of Spain's armies. 457 00:30:27,836 --> 00:30:30,586 (dramatic music) 458 00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:40,120 A year after hie escape, 459 00:30:40,120 --> 00:30:42,573 a contrite Francis returned to France. 460 00:30:50,920 --> 00:30:52,453 I await your apology. 461 00:30:56,490 --> 00:30:59,680 I pray that his highness, in his great mercy, 462 00:30:59,680 --> 00:31:01,703 will grant me forgiveness. 463 00:31:06,040 --> 00:31:08,320 Henry III was furious. 464 00:31:08,320 --> 00:31:10,570 His brother narrowly avoided starting a war 465 00:31:10,570 --> 00:31:12,123 between Spain and France. 466 00:31:14,810 --> 00:31:17,980 But for the King's mother, her young son's mistakes 467 00:31:17,980 --> 00:31:19,663 were not her main concern. 468 00:31:20,690 --> 00:31:21,830 The most pressing matter, 469 00:31:21,830 --> 00:31:24,100 was producing a Catholic heir to the throne 470 00:31:24,100 --> 00:31:25,670 for the House of Valois, 471 00:31:25,670 --> 00:31:28,980 which had ruled France for 250 years. 472 00:31:28,980 --> 00:31:32,663 But after four years, Henry's marriage was still childless. 473 00:31:35,150 --> 00:31:38,040 If Francis, heir to the throne was also to die 474 00:31:38,040 --> 00:31:39,930 without providing an heir, 475 00:31:39,930 --> 00:31:41,300 the French crown would pass 476 00:31:41,300 --> 00:31:43,483 to the Protestant Henry of Navarre. 477 00:31:46,200 --> 00:31:48,190 After all, Henry of Navarre 478 00:31:48,190 --> 00:31:50,313 was the next in line to the throne. 479 00:31:51,150 --> 00:31:53,340 He was a descendant of the Capsaicin Kings, 480 00:31:53,340 --> 00:31:55,293 and a cousin to the House of Valois. 481 00:31:57,900 --> 00:32:00,030 Their most recent common ancestor, 482 00:32:00,030 --> 00:32:02,603 dated back to the reign of King Saint Louis. 483 00:32:05,870 --> 00:32:09,430 So if Henry III couldn't produce a son and heir, 484 00:32:09,430 --> 00:32:11,793 then it was up to his brother Francis. 485 00:32:12,641 --> 00:32:15,391 (waves crashing) 486 00:32:19,730 --> 00:32:22,430 Catherine de Medici revived the marriage talks 487 00:32:22,430 --> 00:32:24,040 she began eight years earlier 488 00:32:24,040 --> 00:32:25,890 with the Queen of England, Elizabeth. 489 00:32:28,830 --> 00:32:32,050 (flute music) 490 00:32:32,050 --> 00:32:35,428 Queen Elizabeth was now 46, not old, 491 00:32:35,428 --> 00:32:38,480 but not young either by Tudor standards. 492 00:32:38,480 --> 00:32:40,360 Her doctors assured Catherine de Medici 493 00:32:40,360 --> 00:32:43,430 that she was still able to bear a child. 494 00:32:43,430 --> 00:32:45,920 After months of diplomatic negotiations, 495 00:32:45,920 --> 00:32:48,943 Francis and Elizabeth were to officially meet. 496 00:32:54,670 --> 00:32:57,650 On August 17, 1579, 497 00:32:57,650 --> 00:32:59,760 the younger brother of the King of France 498 00:32:59,760 --> 00:33:02,210 was ushered into the Queen of England's presence. 499 00:33:11,060 --> 00:33:13,640 Madam, I could not be more delighted 500 00:33:13,640 --> 00:33:14,963 to make your acquaintance. 501 00:33:17,939 --> 00:33:18,940 (laughing) 502 00:33:18,940 --> 00:33:20,120 Thank you for welcoming me. 503 00:33:20,120 --> 00:33:21,220 Charming, is he not? 504 00:33:24,620 --> 00:33:26,520 Despite their great age difference, 505 00:33:26,520 --> 00:33:29,693 Elizabeth immediately fell under the spell of Francis. 506 00:33:30,537 --> 00:33:31,520 I am pleased to hear this. 507 00:33:31,520 --> 00:33:32,950 The 24 year old Francis 508 00:33:32,950 --> 00:33:36,470 made up for his physical deformity with charm and wit. 509 00:33:36,470 --> 00:33:38,203 Elizabeth seemed bewitched. 510 00:33:39,990 --> 00:33:42,490 (regal music) 511 00:33:47,350 --> 00:33:49,900 (laughing) 512 00:33:49,900 --> 00:33:52,860 Elizabeth nicknamed Francis, The Frog, 513 00:33:52,860 --> 00:33:55,743 and declared that no man was ever more pleasant. 514 00:33:57,600 --> 00:34:00,203 For two weeks, the couple were inseparable. 515 00:34:04,050 --> 00:34:06,530 (door opening) 516 00:34:06,530 --> 00:34:07,363 My queen. 517 00:34:08,710 --> 00:34:10,010 Frog Prince. 518 00:34:10,010 --> 00:34:12,090 I have heard word from Paris, 519 00:34:12,090 --> 00:34:13,880 I must leave immediately. 520 00:34:13,880 --> 00:34:14,940 So soon? 521 00:34:14,940 --> 00:34:16,412 Yes. 522 00:34:16,412 --> 00:34:18,290 Francis' visit was broken off abruptly, 523 00:34:18,290 --> 00:34:21,020 when he heard news of the death of one of his friends. 524 00:34:21,020 --> 00:34:22,010 When will you return? 525 00:34:22,010 --> 00:34:24,080 As soon as possible, I swear it, 526 00:34:24,080 --> 00:34:25,563 we shall meet again. 527 00:34:26,630 --> 00:34:27,463 Farewell. 528 00:34:30,030 --> 00:34:32,400 On August 29, he left for France, 529 00:34:32,400 --> 00:34:34,890 from where he sent letters in English to Elizabeth, 530 00:34:34,890 --> 00:34:38,113 which is said, could set water on fire. 531 00:34:41,239 --> 00:34:43,420 [Francis Voiceover] On the brink of this troublesome sea, 532 00:34:43,420 --> 00:34:45,993 I kiss your feet. 533 00:34:49,690 --> 00:34:51,300 Elizabeth was so sad 534 00:34:51,300 --> 00:34:53,510 at the departure of her French prince, 535 00:34:53,510 --> 00:34:55,340 that she wrote a poem entitled 536 00:34:56,453 --> 00:34:58,899 Words on the Departure of Monsieur. 537 00:34:58,899 --> 00:34:59,732 [Elizabeth Voiceover] I grieve, 538 00:34:59,732 --> 00:35:01,713 and dare not show my discontent. 539 00:35:03,290 --> 00:35:06,763 I love, and yet am forced to seem to hate. 540 00:35:07,790 --> 00:35:11,053 I do, yet dare not say I never meant. 541 00:35:12,490 --> 00:35:14,748 I am and not, 542 00:35:14,748 --> 00:35:18,040 I freeze and yet am burned. 543 00:35:18,040 --> 00:35:20,843 Since from myself, another self I turned. 544 00:35:24,340 --> 00:35:25,440 Everything suggested 545 00:35:25,440 --> 00:35:27,710 that for the first time in her life, 546 00:35:27,710 --> 00:35:30,373 Elizabeth was seriously considering marriage. 547 00:35:33,160 --> 00:35:35,000 But the prospect of a foreign king 548 00:35:35,000 --> 00:35:37,140 was met with dismay by the English, 549 00:35:37,140 --> 00:35:38,390 they threatened to rebel. 550 00:35:39,471 --> 00:35:42,221 (dramatic music) 551 00:35:47,120 --> 00:35:50,830 In the autumn, anti-French feeling was running high. 552 00:35:50,830 --> 00:35:53,363 Pamphlets were circulating around the country. 553 00:36:01,540 --> 00:36:04,930 In response on September 27th, the Queen proclaimed 554 00:36:04,930 --> 00:36:07,560 that she would no longer tolerate any insult 555 00:36:07,560 --> 00:36:10,323 to foreign princes, England's allies. 556 00:36:11,620 --> 00:36:14,213 And that she would marry whoever she pleased. 557 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:30,251 But wedding plans between Elizabeth and Francis 558 00:36:30,251 --> 00:36:31,910 were suddenly put on hold 559 00:36:31,910 --> 00:36:34,873 by events over 2000 kilometers from London. 560 00:36:39,859 --> 00:36:42,442 (bell tolling) 561 00:36:44,546 --> 00:36:47,046 (organ music) 562 00:36:50,670 --> 00:36:53,990 In 1580, Cardinal King Henry of Portugal 563 00:36:53,990 --> 00:36:55,563 died without an heir. 564 00:36:58,170 --> 00:37:01,230 Every sovereign in Europe, including Catherine de Medici 565 00:37:01,230 --> 00:37:03,493 was eager to seize the vacant throne, 566 00:37:05,420 --> 00:37:09,060 but all were blindsided by a much stronger monarch, 567 00:37:09,060 --> 00:37:10,853 King Phillip II of Spain. 568 00:37:13,390 --> 00:37:16,960 He had long dreamed of uniting his kingdom with Portugal, 569 00:37:16,960 --> 00:37:19,313 using military means if necessary. 570 00:37:22,680 --> 00:37:24,520 But to seize Portugal, 571 00:37:24,520 --> 00:37:27,270 Phillip II must first reassign some of his troops 572 00:37:27,270 --> 00:37:29,250 stationed in Flanders. 573 00:37:29,250 --> 00:37:31,440 This left far fewer Spanish soldiers 574 00:37:31,440 --> 00:37:32,883 defending The Netherlands. 575 00:37:33,850 --> 00:37:36,300 Francis of Anjou saw his chance, 576 00:37:36,300 --> 00:37:38,453 and planned to profit from the situation. 577 00:37:42,840 --> 00:37:45,420 Francis went to the aid of the Flemish, 578 00:37:45,420 --> 00:37:47,364 after all, they had promised him their throne, 579 00:37:47,364 --> 00:37:49,763 if he helped them overthrow Spain. 580 00:37:50,709 --> 00:37:52,595 (yelling) 581 00:37:52,595 --> 00:37:54,350 (swords clanging) 582 00:37:54,350 --> 00:37:56,823 In 1581, he attacked Cambrai, 583 00:37:58,410 --> 00:38:00,090 a city in northern France, 584 00:38:00,090 --> 00:38:01,833 ruled at the time by the Spanish. 585 00:38:04,052 --> 00:38:07,090 (fire crackling) 586 00:38:07,090 --> 00:38:09,893 The offensive was a success. 587 00:38:10,850 --> 00:38:14,740 But once again, lack of money cut short Francis' march 588 00:38:14,740 --> 00:38:16,503 to the Spanish ruled Netherlands. 589 00:38:17,347 --> 00:38:20,097 (dramatic music) 590 00:38:23,400 --> 00:38:25,373 He turned to the French king for help. 591 00:38:29,166 --> 00:38:31,916 (dramatic music) 592 00:39:06,740 --> 00:39:09,560 But his request for assistance fell on deaf ears, 593 00:39:09,560 --> 00:39:11,483 both in France and in England. 594 00:39:14,270 --> 00:39:17,300 Even Elizabeth reluctant to get bogged down 595 00:39:17,300 --> 00:39:21,023 in a costly war against Spain, refused to send money. 596 00:39:22,731 --> 00:39:25,481 (dramatic music) 597 00:39:31,863 --> 00:39:34,113 (coughing) 598 00:39:37,060 --> 00:39:40,233 By mid-autumn, Francis could no longer feed his men. 599 00:39:41,660 --> 00:39:42,823 They grew desperate. 600 00:39:46,550 --> 00:39:50,710 On January 17, 1583, he ordered his troops 601 00:39:50,710 --> 00:39:52,973 to attack the Citadel of Antwerp. 602 00:39:56,170 --> 00:39:57,670 But inside the city, 603 00:39:57,670 --> 00:40:00,680 the furious Flemish resolved to destroy the French invaders 604 00:40:00,680 --> 00:40:02,219 once and for all. 605 00:40:02,219 --> 00:40:04,386 (yelling) 606 00:40:05,760 --> 00:40:07,250 Trapped in narrow alleyways, 607 00:40:07,250 --> 00:40:09,453 Francis' men were quickly defeated. 608 00:40:11,300 --> 00:40:14,074 Get out, get out, get out! 609 00:40:14,074 --> 00:40:16,241 (yelling) 610 00:40:20,030 --> 00:40:21,850 The King's brother managed to escape 611 00:40:21,850 --> 00:40:24,683 with his life, but abandoned his men to their fate. 612 00:40:26,052 --> 00:40:28,802 (dramatic music) 613 00:40:40,529 --> 00:40:42,810 More than 1000 soldiers died that day, 614 00:40:42,810 --> 00:40:44,463 hundreds more were captured. 615 00:40:57,100 --> 00:40:58,330 The catastrophe of Antwerp 616 00:40:58,330 --> 00:41:01,923 was the death knell for Francis of Anjou's military career. 617 00:41:02,772 --> 00:41:05,522 (birds chirping) 618 00:41:09,026 --> 00:41:11,193 (gasping) 619 00:41:16,160 --> 00:41:19,023 For Francis, the defeat was too much to bear. 620 00:41:19,960 --> 00:41:22,000 No sooner was he back home in France, 621 00:41:22,000 --> 00:41:23,613 when he fell seriously ill. 622 00:41:26,985 --> 00:41:29,152 Hello brother. 623 00:41:39,780 --> 00:41:40,683 My little monkey. 624 00:41:43,550 --> 00:41:45,717 (gasping) 625 00:41:55,820 --> 00:42:00,560 On June 10, 1584, Francis died of tuberculosis, 626 00:42:00,560 --> 00:42:02,013 he was 30 years old. 627 00:42:16,840 --> 00:42:20,813 The next day in London, Elizabeth was given the news. 628 00:42:22,562 --> 00:42:24,729 (sobbing) 629 00:42:27,334 --> 00:42:30,251 (melancholy music) 630 00:42:37,370 --> 00:42:40,223 She reportedly wept for three whole weeks. 631 00:42:47,260 --> 00:42:49,840 For six months, she was inconsolable, 632 00:42:49,840 --> 00:42:52,250 and described herself to the French ambassador 633 00:42:52,250 --> 00:42:55,023 as like a widow who has lost her husband. 634 00:43:12,230 --> 00:43:15,880 In France, Catherine de Medici too, was devastated 635 00:43:15,880 --> 00:43:17,263 by the death of Francis. 636 00:43:22,140 --> 00:43:24,494 With the passing of her youngest son, 637 00:43:24,494 --> 00:43:27,530 she knew that the future of the House of Valois 638 00:43:27,530 --> 00:43:28,733 was now in peril. 639 00:43:31,210 --> 00:43:34,490 If Henry III did not produce a son and heir, 640 00:43:34,490 --> 00:43:35,850 the next King of France 641 00:43:35,850 --> 00:43:37,933 would be the Protestant Henry of Navarre. 642 00:43:42,090 --> 00:43:45,623 The battle to save the Valois dynasty was about to begin. 643 00:43:49,826 --> 00:43:52,576 (dramatic music)