1 00:00:05,418 --> 00:00:10,538 1.8 million tonnes of plastic are being made in the UK 2 00:00:10,538 --> 00:00:13,779 and a third of it is being made right here. 3 00:00:13,779 --> 00:00:18,208 Every three seconds, you're bagging up 25 kilos of plastic. 4 00:00:18,208 --> 00:00:22,099 On this bagging unit. There's another one behind us. 5 00:00:25,489 --> 00:00:28,139 Billions and billions and billions 6 00:00:28,139 --> 00:00:30,569 of tiny pellets of plastic 7 00:00:30,569 --> 00:00:34,619 leaving this factory - today, tomorrow, every single day. 8 00:00:35,779 --> 00:00:39,139 Where are they going to end up? 9 00:00:39,139 --> 00:00:42,929 So far, in our war on plastic, Anita and I have challenged 10 00:00:42,929 --> 00:00:45,849 a street to ditch their single use plastic. 11 00:00:45,849 --> 00:00:47,739 So, are you up for it? 12 00:00:47,739 --> 00:00:49,288 ALL: Yes! 13 00:00:49,288 --> 00:00:51,338 And she's taken their frustrations... 14 00:00:51,338 --> 00:00:52,739 H .66. 15 00:00:52,739 --> 00:00:54,288 Oh, God. I spent 69p. 16 00:00:54,288 --> 00:00:57,619 ...to the companies who are churning it out. 17 00:00:57,619 --> 00:01:00,185 Hi. 18 00:01:00,185 --> 00:01:02,708 We will make sure we've got a competitive price. 19 00:01:02,708 --> 00:01:05,387 What does "competitive" mean? 20 00:01:05,387 --> 00:01:08,108 It's like some dystopian nightmare. 21 00:01:08,108 --> 00:01:12,538 I've been finding out how we can fix our recycling system. 22 00:01:12,538 --> 00:01:17,148 Plastic waste that I found in Malaysia from the UK. 23 00:01:17,148 --> 00:01:18,818 Yes, that's terrible. 24 00:01:18,818 --> 00:01:21,618 And now I want to know if big business 25 00:01:21,618 --> 00:01:23,148 is ready to reduce the pile. 26 00:01:23,148 --> 00:01:25,458 The absolute amount of plastic could double. 27 00:01:28,788 --> 00:01:31,387 Anita joins two young campaigners 28 00:01:31,387 --> 00:01:33,948 tackling plastic giveaway toys. 29 00:01:33,948 --> 00:01:37,228 We want to speak to the sustainability department. 30 00:01:37,228 --> 00:01:38,507 They can't, I'm afraid. 31 00:01:38,507 --> 00:01:41,948 We can't speak to anybody? I'll talk to you outside. 32 00:01:41,948 --> 00:01:45,098 And as our street experiment reaches its climax... 33 00:01:47,028 --> 00:01:52,148 ...we both discover how much we can all do to kick our plastic habit. 34 00:01:52,148 --> 00:01:54,177 So, shall we do the results? Shall we do the count? 35 00:01:57,387 --> 00:02:00,458 Here it comes... 36 00:02:06,177 --> 00:02:09,148 ANITA: Hugh and I kicked off the experiment with the residents 37 00:02:09,148 --> 00:02:13,387 of 22 houses on a street in East Bristol three months ago. 38 00:02:13,387 --> 00:02:17,507 Here's some baskets for you all, get going. 39 00:02:17,507 --> 00:02:19,788 We counted all their single use plastic - 40 00:02:19,788 --> 00:02:22,708 the packaging that contains our everyday essentials 41 00:02:22,708 --> 00:02:26,068 for just a few clays or weeks before we throw it away. 42 00:02:28,148 --> 00:02:31,538 From the total, we estimated the amount in our homes 43 00:02:31,538 --> 00:02:33,507 across the whole country. 44 00:02:33,507 --> 00:02:36,978 19.5 billion... 45 00:02:36,978 --> 00:02:38,948 ...bits of single use plastic 46 00:02:38,948 --> 00:02:41,708 in houses up and down the country today. 47 00:02:41,708 --> 00:02:43,588 That's not cool. 48 00:02:43,588 --> 00:02:46,538 The Streets have been trying to reduce the amounts of this plastic 49 00:02:46,538 --> 00:02:48,028 in their lives, 50 00:02:48,028 --> 00:02:50,618 tackling it in the kitchen... 51 00:02:50,618 --> 00:02:53,348 Go on, press it. Hey! Oops, there you go. 52 00:02:53,348 --> 00:02:54,898 ...and in the bathroom. 53 00:02:54,898 --> 00:02:59,618 That whole side of the bath was covered in plastic bottles. 54 00:02:59,618 --> 00:03:02,148 Stuff that we weren't really using, as well. 55 00:03:07,348 --> 00:03:10,177 Now, in the final month of the experiment, 56 00:03:10,177 --> 00:03:13,618 the street are looking at how plastic is ingrained in family life. 57 00:03:16,708 --> 00:03:19,788 At least two thirds of toys are made from plastic - 58 00:03:19,788 --> 00:03:22,588 taking advantage of it being a colourful, durable 59 00:03:22,588 --> 00:03:23,978 and cheap material. 60 00:03:23,978 --> 00:03:25,948 Whoo! 61 00:03:25,948 --> 00:03:27,177 This is you, Ma. 62 00:03:27,177 --> 00:03:29,427 What does it do? 63 00:03:29,427 --> 00:03:32,818 Since starting the experiment, Jackson's mum Carlene 64 00:03:32,818 --> 00:03:34,818 has been more aware of the number 65 00:03:34,818 --> 00:03:37,618 of plastic toys he no longer uses. 66 00:03:37,618 --> 00:03:40,738 It's unavoidable, I suppose, when you've got family members 67 00:03:40,738 --> 00:03:42,228 who just buy stuff. 68 00:03:42,228 --> 00:03:45,738 It can be a little bit frustrating when you see how much toys he has. 69 00:03:45,738 --> 00:03:48,148 You've got two of those, haven't you? Yeah. 70 00:03:48,148 --> 00:03:50,538 We're going to make a box of toys that you don't play with, 71 00:03:50,538 --> 00:03:52,458 is that OK? Yeah. Right. 72 00:03:52,458 --> 00:03:55,818 So, do you want to help Mummy choose your toys up upstairs? 73 00:03:55,818 --> 00:03:58,148 74 00:03:58,148 --> 00:04:00,458 Most of his toys up here, he doesn't play with. 75 00:04:00,458 --> 00:04:02,898 Over a quarter of parents admit to throwing away toys 76 00:04:02,898 --> 00:04:05,738 that are in perfect working order. 77 00:04:05,738 --> 00:04:08,148 But Carlene has a different plan. 78 00:04:08,148 --> 00:04:10,177 Bye-bye, Mr Potato Head. 79 00:04:10,177 --> 00:04:11,507 Say, "See you later, mate." 80 00:04:11,507 --> 00:04:12,818 See you later, mate. 81 00:04:12,818 --> 00:04:14,538 In the box. 82 00:04:14,538 --> 00:04:15,898 83 00:04:15,898 --> 00:04:18,948 He had a little bit of a Despicable Me moment. 84 00:04:18,948 --> 00:04:21,948 These are all McDonald's. Shall we get rid of these toys? Yeah. 85 00:04:21,948 --> 00:04:23,588 You don't want to keep them? No. 86 00:04:23,588 --> 00:04:25,427 Shall we give that away, Jackson, 87 00:04:25,427 --> 00:04:27,228 or do you want to keep that one keep back? 88 00:04:27,228 --> 00:04:28,588 Keep that one. Keep your car? 89 00:04:28,588 --> 00:04:30,348 Yeah. Beep-beep! 90 00:04:31,507 --> 00:04:34,348 Carlene's arranged to meet up with a group of friends 91 00:04:34,348 --> 00:04:35,788 for a toy swap. 92 00:04:35,788 --> 00:04:38,348 Hi, Jackson! Hi, Carlene! 93 00:04:38,348 --> 00:04:41,348 You know I'm going to leave with nothing. 94 00:04:41,348 --> 00:04:43,427 Fuzzy felt faces?! 95 00:04:43,427 --> 00:04:44,898 \ I love this. I 96 00:04:44,898 --> 00:04:49,348 That's so cute. I might have a little peruse for my nephew. 97 00:04:49,348 --> 00:04:51,277 It's a way of clearing out our house, 98 00:04:51,277 --> 00:04:53,888 cutting down the amount of plastic that we would normally buy. 99 00:04:53,888 --> 00:04:55,808 It's quite a nice get-together as well. 100 00:04:55,808 --> 00:04:59,688 A win-win situation for everyone. Yeah. She loves Peppa Pig! 101 00:04:59,688 --> 00:05:04,638 Plastic's durability means that toys can last a long time 102 00:05:04,638 --> 00:05:08,277 and many of Jackson's are already finding a new home. 103 00:05:08,277 --> 00:05:10,647 They've got such a short window of using these things, 104 00:05:10,647 --> 00:05:13,277 but they're really useful when they're at that stage. Yeah. 105 00:05:13,277 --> 00:05:15,088 Oh, look at that! 106 00:05:15,088 --> 00:05:17,968 But are all toys a good use of plastic? 107 00:05:19,327 --> 00:05:22,118 So, these were like McDonald's ones. 108 00:05:22,118 --> 00:05:23,397 I don't think so. No. 109 00:05:23,397 --> 00:05:25,638 In our house, they kind of end up in pieces 110 00:05:25,638 --> 00:05:27,638 and then end up in the bin quite quickly, so... 111 00:05:27,638 --> 00:05:30,168 ...we don't need any more plastic like that. Are you sure? 112 00:05:30,168 --> 00:05:31,688 OK. That's fine. 113 00:05:31,688 --> 00:05:34,168 Back they go. Not going to be offended. 114 00:05:35,277 --> 00:05:40,608 Every year, hundreds of millions of toys are given away in the UK 115 00:05:40,608 --> 00:05:41,808 to help sell products. 116 00:05:42,998 --> 00:05:44,558 They're hidden in chocolates... 117 00:05:44,558 --> 00:05:46,918 Nine times out of ten, with the toys, you open it up, make it 118 00:05:46,918 --> 00:05:50,277 and then, within about 30 seconds, they break anyway. 119 00:05:50,277 --> 00:05:53,008 ...pasted to the front of kids' magazines... 120 00:05:53,008 --> 00:05:54,248 \That".l 121 00:05:54,248 --> 00:05:56,248 ...is going to be for you to catch your little bug. 122 00:05:56,248 --> 00:05:58,478 \ Oh. Uh-0h.l 123 00:05:58,478 --> 00:06:00,688 It's been open about 30 seconds. 124 00:06:00,688 --> 00:06:02,808 Rocky managed to break it. 125 00:06:04,968 --> 00:06:08,088 ...and dished out free with fast food meals. 126 00:06:10,608 --> 00:06:12,368 How long does he play with the toys for? 127 00:06:12,368 --> 00:06:15,248 Not very long. We usually chuck them in the bin by the end of the day. 128 00:06:15,248 --> 00:06:16,968 What have you got there? Happy Meal! 129 00:06:16,968 --> 00:06:18,327 Come on, let's have a look. 130 00:06:18,327 --> 00:06:20,397 Who is this? He doesn't know. 131 00:06:20,397 --> 00:06:22,688 Did you play with them for very long? No. No. 132 00:06:22,688 --> 00:06:24,277 How long? Five minutes. 133 00:06:24,277 --> 00:06:26,197 Five minutes?! Yeah. 134 00:06:31,368 --> 00:06:33,038 So, if these giveaway toys 135 00:06:33,038 --> 00:06:36,327 aren't wanted enough by parents or kids to be passed on, 136 00:06:36,327 --> 00:06:38,478 what are we supposed to do with them? 137 00:06:40,197 --> 00:06:44,478 To find out, I've come to a facility that sorts the recycling 138 00:06:44,478 --> 00:06:46,918 for part of East London 139 00:06:46,918 --> 00:06:51,008 to meet the CEO of the Recycling Association, Simon Ellin. 140 00:06:53,998 --> 00:06:56,008 The big problem here, you can see there, toys - 141 00:06:56,008 --> 00:06:59,888 because if they come through in the household waste to a facility 142 00:06:59,888 --> 00:07:02,118 like this, which is not designed to separate toys, 143 00:07:02,118 --> 00:07:03,728 they're a contaminant. 144 00:07:05,758 --> 00:07:08,527 Simon's gathered together a pile of toys 145 00:07:08,527 --> 00:07:11,638 that have been picked out of this recycling stream 146 00:07:11,638 --> 00:07:13,118 over the last 24 hours. 147 00:07:13,118 --> 00:07:14,608 There we go. What?! 148 00:07:15,728 --> 00:07:17,688 That's so sad. 149 00:07:17,688 --> 00:07:21,038 And when we take a closer look through the pile... 150 00:07:21,038 --> 00:07:22,277 Look at that, McDonald's. 151 00:07:22,277 --> 00:07:23,888 There's another one. 152 00:07:23,888 --> 00:07:27,918 ...I'm struck by just how many of them are giveaway toys. 153 00:07:27,918 --> 00:07:30,638 Look at that! That's not even been opened. 154 00:07:30,638 --> 00:07:34,168 It's such a throwaway culture, isn't it? What's this one? 155 00:07:34,168 --> 00:07:35,888 That's Burger King. 156 00:07:35,888 --> 00:07:38,168 That's a Burger King one, is it? That's a Burger King one. 157 00:07:38,168 --> 00:07:39,558 It's not just McDonald's, is it? 158 00:07:39,558 --> 00:07:41,368 You know, we found all sorts of other toys. 159 00:07:41,368 --> 00:07:43,968 You get the Kinder eggs, you know. You get it on your magazines. 160 00:07:43,968 --> 00:07:45,608 They're by no means the only offender 161 00:07:45,608 --> 00:07:48,038 but they are, in my experience, the biggest offender. 162 00:07:48,038 --> 00:07:52,478 Clearly many kids and parents think they're doing the right thing 163 00:07:52,478 --> 00:07:55,838 by putting their giveaway toys in the recycling. 164 00:07:55,838 --> 00:07:58,038 I wonder what McDonald's say about them. 165 00:07:58,038 --> 00:08:00,638 All right. So, are McDonald's toys recyclable? 166 00:08:00,638 --> 00:08:04,728 It says, "Can Happy Meal toys be recycled? 167 00:08:04,728 --> 00:08:07,277 "Yes, they can." 168 00:08:07,277 --> 00:08:08,888 That's the first thing it says here. 169 00:08:08,888 --> 00:08:10,038 Yeah. Can they? 170 00:08:10,038 --> 00:08:11,808 Sorry, McDonald's, I don't agree with you. 171 00:08:11,808 --> 00:08:14,008 You're saying, "Yes, they are." 172 00:08:14,008 --> 00:08:16,118 Technically, these would be recyclable 173 00:08:16,118 --> 00:08:18,368 but there's so many different types of polymers, 174 00:08:18,368 --> 00:08:20,197 polymers that are bonded together, 175 00:08:20,197 --> 00:08:22,647 a tiny, tiny proportion are ever going to get recycled 176 00:08:22,647 --> 00:08:25,008 because lots of manufacturers will say it's recyclable. 177 00:08:25,008 --> 00:08:28,808 In theory, it is. In practice, it's just not going to happen. 178 00:08:28,808 --> 00:08:32,447 This has really shocked me, actually, Simon, really. 179 00:08:32,447 --> 00:08:36,277 McDonald's add that their toys with electronic components 180 00:08:36,277 --> 00:08:40,118 can be put in a designated electronics recycling bin. 181 00:08:40,118 --> 00:08:43,368 But even if they reach one of these at a local authority centre, 182 00:08:43,368 --> 00:08:47,888 it's rarely economically viable to actually recycle them, 183 00:08:47,888 --> 00:08:50,728 and the non-electronic toys contain mixed plastic 184 00:08:50,728 --> 00:08:56,038 so they're also most likely to end up being incinerated or in landfill. 185 00:08:56,038 --> 00:08:59,168 Would you believe now McDonald's are the biggest distributors 186 00:08:59,168 --> 00:09:00,248 of toys in the world? 187 00:09:00,248 --> 00:09:01,368 No, they're not?! 188 00:09:01,368 --> 00:09:05,368 1.4 billion toys with their Happy Meals. 189 00:09:05,368 --> 00:09:07,678 Simon, you've just blown my mind. Yeah. 190 00:09:07,678 --> 00:09:09,248 McDonald's?! McDonald's. 191 00:09:09,248 --> 00:09:11,728 They've got to take the lead on this and they've got to say... 192 00:09:11,728 --> 00:09:14,447 The solution is in the hands of the producer. 193 00:09:14,447 --> 00:09:17,038 Where are they going to end up? In landfill? 194 00:09:17,038 --> 00:09:18,397 Being burnt? 195 00:09:18,397 --> 00:09:20,038 They're just churning them out. 196 00:09:20,038 --> 00:09:21,968 Churning out billions of the things, 197 00:09:21,968 --> 00:09:24,327 and kids aren't even opening the blooming packets. 198 00:09:24,327 --> 00:09:26,678 It's madness! 199 00:09:28,327 --> 00:09:30,808 When I write to McDonald's about the issue, 200 00:09:30,808 --> 00:09:32,168 they reply insisting that, 201 00:09:32,168 --> 00:09:35,088 when families are finished playing with them, 202 00:09:35,088 --> 00:09:38,678 many of the toys can be recycled in local authority sites 203 00:09:38,678 --> 00:09:41,968 where the appropriate facilities are available. 204 00:09:47,368 --> 00:09:49,808 It's not just the recycling industry 205 00:09:49,808 --> 00:09:52,918 that feel that giveaway toys are a problem. 206 00:09:52,918 --> 00:09:54,918 I've read an article 207 00:09:54,918 --> 00:09:57,447 about two girls who are campaigning 208 00:09:57,447 --> 00:10:01,038 against single use plastic toys. 209 00:10:01,038 --> 00:10:02,608 I was so impressed 210 00:10:02,608 --> 00:10:05,808 that I've come all the way down to Southampton 211 00:10:05,808 --> 00:10:07,888 specifically to meet them, 212 00:10:07,888 --> 00:10:10,447 and what will surprise you, as it did me... 213 00:10:11,918 --> 00:10:14,248 ...is their ages. 214 00:10:17,918 --> 00:10:20,317 Hi. Hello, girls. Hello. How are you doing? 215 00:10:20,317 --> 00:10:22,118 Hi, there. Hello. Hi. 216 00:10:22,118 --> 00:10:23,527 You must be... 217 00:10:23,527 --> 00:10:26,248 At nine and seven years old, Ella and Caitlin 218 00:10:26,248 --> 00:10:28,968 are the youngest campaigners I've ever met. 219 00:10:28,968 --> 00:10:30,728 Come on, then. 220 00:10:30,728 --> 00:10:33,038 Shall we sit down? Yeah. 221 00:10:33,038 --> 00:10:35,168 So, girls, tell me what you've been up to. 222 00:10:35,168 --> 00:10:40,038 So, we've been doing a plastic petition thing 223 00:10:40,038 --> 00:10:43,168 against, like, Burger King and McDonald's 224 00:10:43,168 --> 00:10:46,008 using their plastic toys in kids meals... 225 00:10:47,277 --> 00:10:50,478 ...and we've got quite a few signatures. 226 00:10:50,478 --> 00:10:52,888 I thought kids loved toys. 227 00:10:52,888 --> 00:10:54,478 What's the problem with these toys? 228 00:10:54,478 --> 00:10:56,758 Dangerous plastic. 229 00:10:56,758 --> 00:11:00,118 It pollutes the world 230 00:11:00,118 --> 00:11:01,888 when you drop it on the floor 231 00:11:01,888 --> 00:11:04,527 and it goes to the sea and hurts the fishes. 232 00:11:04,527 --> 00:11:06,838 Shall we have a look at the petition? Yeah. OK. 233 00:11:06,838 --> 00:11:09,558 How many signatures have you got? 234 00:11:09,558 --> 00:11:15,447 BOTH: 163,572. 235 00:11:15,447 --> 00:11:17,118 What?! 236 00:11:17,118 --> 00:11:18,808 That's incredible. 237 00:11:18,808 --> 00:11:20,168 Yes. 238 00:11:20,168 --> 00:11:21,918 You've definitely tapped into something. 239 00:11:21,918 --> 00:11:24,038 So, what are you going to do next? 240 00:11:24,038 --> 00:11:26,248 Probably write a letter. Good idea. 241 00:11:26,248 --> 00:11:29,277 Who would you write a letter to? McDonald's. And Burger King, 242 00:11:29,277 --> 00:11:32,277 and ask to, like, meet up or tell them about the petition, 243 00:11:32,277 --> 00:11:33,958 or something like that. 244 00:11:33,958 --> 00:11:36,728 I think that's a really good idea. OK. I'll go and get some paper. 245 00:11:39,638 --> 00:11:41,168 "To McDonald's... 246 00:11:43,447 --> 00:11:46,368 "..we're writing to tell you we think... 247 00:11:46,368 --> 00:11:49,317 "..your toys are bad for the environment..." 248 00:11:49,317 --> 00:11:53,288 "..and we think you should stop selling them with your kids meals. 249 00:11:53,288 --> 00:11:57,758 "We would like to meet you to discuss it, from Ella and Caitlin." 250 00:11:57,758 --> 00:12:00,647 So, we're ready? We're going to send one to Burger King. 251 00:12:00,647 --> 00:12:03,397 One to McDonald's. Yep. See what happens. Yeah. 252 00:12:03,397 --> 00:12:06,527 Imagine if I came back and said, "We'd like to meet you." 253 00:12:06,527 --> 00:12:07,958 Can I come with you? 254 00:12:07,958 --> 00:12:09,728 Yeah. Yeah? 255 00:12:09,728 --> 00:12:11,447 OK. Excellent. 256 00:12:11,447 --> 00:12:13,197 All we need now is a stamp 257 00:12:13,197 --> 00:12:15,168 and to close the envelopes. 258 00:12:17,958 --> 00:12:19,918 I'll be very interested to hear 259 00:12:19,918 --> 00:12:22,197 how Burger King and McDonald's reply 260 00:12:22,197 --> 00:12:24,248 to these two young campaigners. 261 00:12:30,008 --> 00:12:32,317 HUGH: For months now, I've been investigating 262 00:12:32,317 --> 00:12:34,838 what happens to single use plastics 263 00:12:34,838 --> 00:12:36,558 after we've finished with them, 264 00:12:36,558 --> 00:12:39,527 and I've discovered that our recycling system 265 00:12:39,527 --> 00:12:41,277 needs an urgent overhaul. 266 00:12:43,447 --> 00:12:46,288 In Malaysia, I was shocked to discover 267 00:12:46,288 --> 00:12:48,248 where some of it has been ending up. 268 00:12:48,248 --> 00:12:49,368 Oh, Sainsbury's. 269 00:12:50,368 --> 00:12:52,608 Sainsbury's. 270 00:12:52,608 --> 00:12:54,038 Sainsbury's. 271 00:12:54,038 --> 00:12:57,008 M&S Yorkshire puddings. 272 00:12:57,008 --> 00:12:58,838 Like many developed countries, 273 00:12:58,838 --> 00:13:02,838 we've been sending most of our plastic for recycling abroad 274 00:13:02,838 --> 00:13:08,168 because we just don't have the capacity to deal with it at home. 275 00:13:08,168 --> 00:13:11,888 Looks to me like the whole of this wall is from the UK. 276 00:13:11,888 --> 00:13:16,337 Stop the exporting of your plastic waste to our country. 277 00:13:16,337 --> 00:13:19,667 Why should our waste end up here for you guys to deal with? Yes. 278 00:13:19,667 --> 00:13:22,268 How have we arrived at this madness? 279 00:13:23,978 --> 00:13:27,698 Our love affair with plastic took off in the 1950s. 280 00:13:27,698 --> 00:13:32,217 Here it is, the most amazing food wrap ever developed. 281 00:13:32,217 --> 00:13:35,547 Limited only by the imagination of the minds of men. 282 00:13:35,547 --> 00:13:37,217 Over just a few decades, 283 00:13:37,217 --> 00:13:40,417 it found its way into every part of our home. 284 00:13:41,748 --> 00:13:44,578 And as the production of plastics boomed... 285 00:13:44,578 --> 00:13:47,858 The age of plastics can certainly be described as, "Right now." 286 00:13:47,858 --> 00:13:50,417 ...its low cost and promise of convenience 287 00:13:50,417 --> 00:13:54,028 meant we could treat it more and more expendably. 288 00:13:54,028 --> 00:13:55,498 Being disposable, 289 00:13:55,498 --> 00:13:58,337 there are no empties to collect. 290 00:13:58,337 --> 00:14:01,058 Saran-Wrap is a product of the Dow Chemical Company. 291 00:14:05,217 --> 00:14:09,748 What's often called "virgin plastic" is made from oil and gas 292 00:14:09,748 --> 00:14:12,938 by a handful of large petrochemical companies. 293 00:14:14,547 --> 00:14:17,828 Now that we're aware of the issue of plastic pollution, 294 00:14:17,828 --> 00:14:20,138 it seems reasonable to expect 295 00:14:20,138 --> 00:14:22,028 we might be slowing down the rate 296 00:14:22,028 --> 00:14:23,828 that we're producing the stuff. 297 00:14:23,828 --> 00:14:28,268 So, what are the plastic industry's plans for the future? 298 00:14:28,268 --> 00:14:29,978 I've just been sent a graph 299 00:14:29,978 --> 00:14:33,667 which shows they're not planning to slow down any time soon. 300 00:14:33,667 --> 00:14:35,547 I mean, the graph is going like that. 301 00:14:35,547 --> 00:14:39,388 A leading environmental scientist at the University of California 302 00:14:39,388 --> 00:14:41,667 has pulled together the global data 303 00:14:41,667 --> 00:14:43,778 on plastic production 304 00:14:43,778 --> 00:14:47,028 and it reveals that the rate of increase is ramping up. 305 00:14:47,028 --> 00:14:50,028 From the beginning of this century to now, 306 00:14:50,028 --> 00:14:54,467 plastic production has doubled, from 200 million tonnes per year 307 00:14:54,467 --> 00:14:58,337 to passing 400 million tonnes, 308 00:14:58,337 --> 00:14:59,748 and it's accelerating 309 00:14:59,748 --> 00:15:01,547 so that it's due to double again, 310 00:15:01,547 --> 00:15:05,337 passing the 800 million tonnes a year mark by about 2040. 311 00:15:06,828 --> 00:15:09,467 The graph was sent to me by the president 312 00:15:09,467 --> 00:15:12,297 of the Center for International Environmental Law 313 00:15:12,297 --> 00:15:13,978 Carroll Muffett. 314 00:15:13,978 --> 00:15:15,698 So, the plastics industry 315 00:15:15,698 --> 00:15:17,908 has plans for massive expansion. 316 00:15:17,908 --> 00:15:19,908 What is driving that? 317 00:15:19,908 --> 00:15:22,417 In a word, the fracking boom. 318 00:15:22,417 --> 00:15:26,308 Fracking for shale gas has made natural gas really, really cheap 319 00:15:26,308 --> 00:15:29,217 and, as a result, it's made the plastics feedstocks 320 00:15:29,217 --> 00:15:30,908 really, really cheap, 321 00:15:30,908 --> 00:15:33,417 and that is driving a massive expansion in the infrastructure 322 00:15:33,417 --> 00:15:35,498 to make new plastics. 323 00:15:35,498 --> 00:15:38,828 So, fracking for shale gas is making plastics cheaper? 324 00:15:38,828 --> 00:15:42,217 Over the next few years, we will see more than $200 billion 325 00:15:42,217 --> 00:15:46,138 in new investments for plastics and petrochemicals. 326 00:15:46,138 --> 00:15:48,618 Wow, this is a lot to take on board. 327 00:15:48,618 --> 00:15:51,547 I just had no idea what the scale of this issue is. 328 00:15:51,547 --> 00:15:53,388 It was nice talking with you. 329 00:15:53,388 --> 00:15:56,978 If shale gas is behind a new plastics boom in the US, 330 00:15:56,978 --> 00:15:59,417 what's happening here in the UK? 331 00:15:59,417 --> 00:16:05,308 Carroll suggests I look up a company called lneos. 332 00:16:05,308 --> 00:16:07,938 Ineos, the word for chemicals. 333 00:16:07,938 --> 00:16:10,138 Jim Radcliffe, a profile by... 334 00:16:10,138 --> 00:16:13,547 Jim Radcliffe?! I've heard ofjim Radcliffe! 335 00:16:13,547 --> 00:16:15,108 Jim Radcliffe owns lneos. 336 00:16:15,108 --> 00:16:18,778 Jim Radcliffe is Britain's richest man. 337 00:16:18,778 --> 00:16:20,858 "Many of the things you used during the day 338 00:16:20,858 --> 00:16:23,547 "that are made using chemicals, we've had a hand in," 339 00:16:23,547 --> 00:16:24,667 he says with a smile. 340 00:16:25,828 --> 00:16:27,297 Plastics, Radcliffe. 341 00:16:27,297 --> 00:16:28,978 OK, here we go. 342 00:16:30,108 --> 00:16:31,138 "Dear Sirjim..." 343 00:16:34,578 --> 00:16:36,938 20% of lneos' plastic business 344 00:16:36,938 --> 00:16:39,217 is making plastic packaging. 345 00:16:40,618 --> 00:16:43,028 And just one of their facilities 346 00:16:43,028 --> 00:16:47,698 is responsible for a third of the 1.8 million tonnes of plastic 347 00:16:47,698 --> 00:16:50,618 produced in the UK every year, 348 00:16:50,618 --> 00:16:54,308 so I'm delighted when they say they're happy for me to visit 349 00:16:54,308 --> 00:16:56,388 that site at Grangemouth in Scotland. 350 00:16:57,828 --> 00:17:00,618 I know, from experience, that, when you get invited in 351 00:17:00,618 --> 00:17:05,058 by a big company like this, there's always a story they want to tell. 352 00:17:05,058 --> 00:17:07,337 I'm expecting it to be pretty slick. 353 00:17:07,337 --> 00:17:11,028 A big, shiny, plastic future for us all to be proud of, 354 00:17:11,028 --> 00:17:13,417 but I've also got some questions about that future, 355 00:17:13,417 --> 00:17:17,778 and tomorrow I'm allowed in to see it all close up for myself. 356 00:17:23,898 --> 00:17:28,567 Bright and early, I meet one of lneos' directors, Tom Crotty... 357 00:17:28,567 --> 00:17:30,698 Good morning to you. Hugh, welcome to Grangemouth. 358 00:17:30,698 --> 00:17:32,188 Thank you very much. 359 00:17:32,188 --> 00:17:35,858 ...and I can't help but notice an impressive model ship. 360 00:17:35,858 --> 00:17:37,578 These lneos boats... 361 00:17:37,578 --> 00:17:42,565 This is a scale model of one of our 12 dragon ships, made in China, 362 00:17:42,589 --> 00:17:46,057 all designed to bring gas from the United States 363 00:17:46,057 --> 00:17:48,187 into Europe. Right to the site here? 364 00:17:48,187 --> 00:17:49,546 Yes, absolutely to the site. 365 00:17:49,546 --> 00:17:51,827 They come all the way up the Firth of Forth. 366 00:17:51,827 --> 00:17:53,937 There isn't one in today but this is a video 367 00:17:53,937 --> 00:17:56,497 of when we actually had the first one coming in. 368 00:17:56,497 --> 00:17:58,257 There's the tug in front of it. 369 00:17:58,257 --> 00:18:01,137 Here it comes under the iconic Forth Bridge. 370 00:18:01,137 --> 00:18:04,187 These are coming in all the time. 371 00:18:04,187 --> 00:18:08,546 It's a virtual pipeline, constantly flowing gas from America. 372 00:18:08,546 --> 00:18:09,897 Extraordinary. 373 00:18:09,897 --> 00:18:12,466 So, cheap American shale gas 374 00:18:12,466 --> 00:18:15,307 is already flowing directly to our shores. 375 00:18:17,137 --> 00:18:20,577 Ineos have spent $1 billion on these ships 376 00:18:20,577 --> 00:18:22,466 to bring in the very resource 377 00:18:22,466 --> 00:18:25,536 that's super charging plastics production in the States. 378 00:18:30,747 --> 00:18:33,216 As Tom takes me into the facility... 379 00:18:37,897 --> 00:18:43,187 ...he explains that lneos have spent another half a billion dollars 380 00:18:43,187 --> 00:18:45,666 on upgrading it to receive the imported gas. 381 00:18:46,827 --> 00:18:50,807 This includes building Europe's largest ethane tank, 382 00:18:50,807 --> 00:18:52,557 where the gas is stored 383 00:18:52,557 --> 00:18:55,577 before being fed to the heart of the process. 384 00:18:55,577 --> 00:18:57,446 This is the cracker. 385 00:18:57,446 --> 00:19:01,497 We take the ethane gas, heat it up to about a thousand degrees 386 00:19:01,497 --> 00:19:03,857 and that cracks it into smaller molecules - 387 00:19:03,857 --> 00:19:07,757 and those molecules can then be compressed and cooled down 388 00:19:07,757 --> 00:19:10,037 into primarily ethylene. 389 00:19:11,927 --> 00:19:14,196 And this block beyond, is that another cracker? 390 00:19:14,196 --> 00:19:15,757 When we didn't have enough gas, 391 00:19:15,757 --> 00:19:18,396 when we were just relying on the North Sea, 392 00:19:18,396 --> 00:19:20,837 Train 2 was closed down, mothballed, 393 00:19:20,837 --> 00:19:22,196 and we just ran this one. 394 00:19:22,196 --> 00:19:24,677 Since we've had the ethane coming in from America, 395 00:19:24,677 --> 00:19:26,557 we can now run both. 396 00:19:26,557 --> 00:19:28,117 You've doubled your production 397 00:19:28,117 --> 00:19:30,677 by being able to switch on the second train. 398 00:19:30,677 --> 00:19:33,396 We are actually in the process of adding more furnace capacity. 399 00:19:33,396 --> 00:19:36,677 So there is room for some more growth? There is still room. 400 00:19:36,677 --> 00:19:39,516 What are your power requirements to keep this plant running? 401 00:19:39,516 --> 00:19:41,927 To keep the whole site running, 402 00:19:41,927 --> 00:19:45,196 we'd be using the same sort of power as, say, three major Scottish cities - 403 00:19:45,196 --> 00:19:47,957 Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen. Combined? Combined, yeah. 404 00:19:47,957 --> 00:19:50,446 That's the amount of electricity being used here? Yes. 405 00:19:50,446 --> 00:19:53,007 And that's before you even get to the gas that's... Correct. 406 00:19:53,007 --> 00:19:55,367 ...creating the thousand degrees to do the cracking? 407 00:19:55,367 --> 00:19:56,597 That's absolutely right. 408 00:19:56,597 --> 00:20:00,557 99% of all plastic is made from oil and gas, 409 00:20:00,557 --> 00:20:05,367 but making it also burns vast amounts of fossil fuels. 410 00:20:05,367 --> 00:20:10,287 If plastics production continues to grow as predicted, by 2050 411 00:20:10,287 --> 00:20:15,007 it'll be responsible for 15% of global carbon emissions. 412 00:20:17,287 --> 00:20:20,007 So, this is the end of the process effectively, Hugh. 413 00:20:20,007 --> 00:20:22,837 The ethylene has now been formed into long chains of molecules, 414 00:20:22,837 --> 00:20:26,037 becoming the solid polymer we call plastic. 415 00:20:26,037 --> 00:20:28,516 This is still quite warm. 416 00:20:28,516 --> 00:20:32,157 So this is polyethylene? That is polyethylene, 417 00:20:32,157 --> 00:20:35,196 the most commonly used plastic in the world. 418 00:20:35,196 --> 00:20:37,087 It's quite mesmerising, 419 00:20:37,087 --> 00:20:39,396 just watching these bags fill up so quickly. 420 00:20:39,396 --> 00:20:41,757 I think you're filling one every three seconds. 421 00:20:41,757 --> 00:20:43,516 That sounds about right. 422 00:20:43,516 --> 00:20:45,396 That's phenomenal. 423 00:20:45,396 --> 00:20:49,117 Every three seconds, you're bagging up 25 kilos of plastic? 424 00:20:49,117 --> 00:20:52,416 On this bagging unit. And there's another one behind us. 425 00:20:54,897 --> 00:20:59,497 In total, the plant produces a mind-boggling 60 to 70 billion 426 00:20:59,497 --> 00:21:02,747 plastic pellets every day. 427 00:21:04,057 --> 00:21:08,107 We're in a world where people everywhere are just becoming aware 428 00:21:08,107 --> 00:21:10,617 of the problems being caused by plastic. Yes. 429 00:21:10,617 --> 00:21:13,897 Do you ever wonder when you hear the latest story 430 00:21:13,897 --> 00:21:17,177 of some obscure fish that's been pulled out of the deepest trench 431 00:21:17,177 --> 00:21:20,897 in the ocean and has been found to have tiny micro plastics in its gut. 432 00:21:20,897 --> 00:21:24,137 Do you ever think to yourself, I wonder if those plastics came 433 00:21:24,137 --> 00:21:26,416 from Grangemouth, from lneos? 434 00:21:26,416 --> 00:21:29,387 We wonder about those issues all the time. 435 00:21:29,387 --> 00:21:32,697 The fundamental for me is why do we end up with plastics 436 00:21:32,697 --> 00:21:35,777 in the ocean, which is not where they should be? 437 00:21:35,777 --> 00:21:37,897 I mean, plastics per se are not a problem. 438 00:21:37,897 --> 00:21:40,466 Waste plastic and littering is the problem. 439 00:21:40,466 --> 00:21:42,387 We have to address that. 440 00:21:42,387 --> 00:21:44,666 You are... By proper recycling. You are the source. 441 00:21:44,666 --> 00:21:46,057 Yeah. It's not enough, 442 00:21:46,057 --> 00:21:48,777 when the bath is overflowing and the water is flooding 443 00:21:48,777 --> 00:21:50,497 and damaging the buildings... Sure. 444 00:21:50,497 --> 00:21:52,307 ...it's not enough just to be mopping up. 445 00:21:52,307 --> 00:21:54,307 We have to turn off the tap. 446 00:21:54,307 --> 00:21:56,857 You are the tap, lneos is one of the big plastic taps 447 00:21:56,857 --> 00:21:59,107 on the planet. 448 00:21:59,107 --> 00:22:02,307 Shouldn't we be reducing production, looking at other innovations 449 00:22:02,307 --> 00:22:05,257 that don't involve the spread of plastics across the planet? 450 00:22:05,257 --> 00:22:07,666 We're looking at all of those things. 451 00:22:07,666 --> 00:22:09,857 There's no point in turning the tap off because you stop 452 00:22:09,857 --> 00:22:11,307 the good with the bad. 453 00:22:11,307 --> 00:22:13,387 I'll give you a very good example. 454 00:22:13,387 --> 00:22:16,416 Polyethylene going into water pipes. 455 00:22:16,416 --> 00:22:19,927 Water pipes have transformed water management around the world. 456 00:22:19,927 --> 00:22:22,307 Aeroplanes are becoming increasingly plastic. 457 00:22:22,307 --> 00:22:23,747 That's helping the fuel economy. 458 00:22:23,747 --> 00:22:26,466 So those are the sorts of applications that we're developing 459 00:22:26,466 --> 00:22:28,857 new polymers for, not plastic bags and plastic straws. 460 00:22:28,857 --> 00:22:30,777 That's no interest to us at all. 461 00:22:30,777 --> 00:22:33,307 But you do do plastic packaging. It's 20% of your business. 462 00:22:33,307 --> 00:22:35,747 20% of our business overall is plastic packaging. 463 00:22:35,747 --> 00:22:38,416 You've got a company called Styrolution, who make some 464 00:22:38,416 --> 00:22:41,617 of the products that are known to cause real problems in the waste 465 00:22:41,617 --> 00:22:44,497 chain, like these shrink wrap plastics that go round 466 00:22:44,497 --> 00:22:47,747 water bottles, cosmetics bottles, 467 00:22:47,747 --> 00:22:50,536 this kind of flexible film packaging. 468 00:22:50,536 --> 00:22:53,497 These are the known miscreants of the plastic world and you're not 469 00:22:53,497 --> 00:22:55,777 only supplying plastics for these products, 470 00:22:55,777 --> 00:22:57,666 you're manufacturing the products. 471 00:22:57,666 --> 00:22:59,857 Shouldn't you be backing off that kind of product 472 00:22:59,857 --> 00:23:02,817 and using your extraordinary resources and wealth to create 473 00:23:02,817 --> 00:23:04,777 solutions to these problems? 474 00:23:04,777 --> 00:23:07,586 100% of every piece of polymer we produce is recyclable 475 00:23:07,586 --> 00:23:09,387 when it leaves us. 476 00:23:09,387 --> 00:23:12,497 What we're trying to do is work with packaging designers, work 477 00:23:12,497 --> 00:23:16,307 with consumer products companies, to improve the recyclability. 478 00:23:16,307 --> 00:23:19,257 The other area we're doing a huge amount to work on is to say 479 00:23:19,257 --> 00:23:22,977 can we take back all of that plastic or most of that plastic and put 480 00:23:22,977 --> 00:23:25,137 it back through our chemical systems, 481 00:23:25,137 --> 00:23:27,947 break it right back down constituent parts 482 00:23:27,947 --> 00:23:29,666 and make plastic again? 483 00:23:29,666 --> 00:23:32,307 We don't care whether we make plastic from gas or we make plastic 484 00:23:32,307 --> 00:23:33,777 from old plastic. 485 00:23:33,777 --> 00:23:37,307 If we can solve chemical recycling, we can close that loop completely. 486 00:23:37,307 --> 00:23:39,977 How close are you to solving it? 487 00:23:39,977 --> 00:23:42,697 I'd say we're two or three years away from that. 488 00:23:42,697 --> 00:23:47,177 The mantra about closing the loop with chemical recycling of our used 489 00:23:47,177 --> 00:23:49,697 plastics is well rehearsed 490 00:23:49,697 --> 00:23:52,206 but everything I've seen here, 491 00:23:52,206 --> 00:23:55,336 especially the virtual pipeline of US shale gas 492 00:23:55,336 --> 00:23:59,336 that they're so proud of, suggests they're not planning to stop making 493 00:23:59,336 --> 00:24:02,137 virgin plastic any time soon. 494 00:24:03,307 --> 00:24:07,456 One thing that's definitely going to stay with me today - what I saw. 495 00:24:07,456 --> 00:24:11,497 Billions and billions and billions of tiny pellets 496 00:24:11,497 --> 00:24:16,416 of plastic leaving this factory today, tomorrow, every single day. 497 00:24:18,416 --> 00:24:21,307 Where are they going to end up? Seriously. 498 00:24:23,387 --> 00:24:28,177 What is certain is that the more plastic this industry produces, 499 00:24:28,177 --> 00:24:31,777 the more plastic will end up in our lives, 500 00:24:31,777 --> 00:24:35,777 whether we want it or not. 501 00:24:38,897 --> 00:24:41,586 ANITA: Campaigning sisters Ella and Caitlin 502 00:24:41,586 --> 00:24:44,497 have been busy spreading the word about that petition 503 00:24:44,497 --> 00:24:47,416 against plastic fast food toys. 504 00:24:47,416 --> 00:24:51,307 If anyone has any unwanted McDonald's and Burger King toys, 505 00:24:51,307 --> 00:24:53,456 if they could give them to us 506 00:24:53,456 --> 00:24:55,947 because we're going to try and collect them to give back 507 00:24:55,947 --> 00:24:58,177 to McDonald's and Burger King. 508 00:24:58,177 --> 00:25:00,416 If it's plastic, we really don't want them. 509 00:25:00,416 --> 00:25:04,097 The girls' letters to Burger King and McDonald's didn't get 510 00:25:04,097 --> 00:25:07,336 any response, but after sending follow-up e-mails, 511 00:25:07,336 --> 00:25:09,617 they tell me they've got some news. 512 00:25:11,897 --> 00:25:15,097 Hello! Hello. Hello, girls. What's been happening? 513 00:25:15,097 --> 00:25:18,996 First of all we've got an e-mail from Burger King and McDonald's. 514 00:25:18,996 --> 00:25:21,443 OK, so what did Burger King say? 515 00:25:21,467 --> 00:25:23,386 "Dear Ella and Caitlin, 516 00:25:23,386 --> 00:25:26,717 "plastic pollution is a big issue. 517 00:25:26,717 --> 00:25:31,357 "And there's something we as a brand need to review. 518 00:25:31,357 --> 00:25:35,357 "Whilst we can't advise of any changes at the moment, 519 00:25:35,357 --> 00:25:39,787 "we have forwarded your comments to our management team 520 00:25:39,787 --> 00:25:41,947 "so we can review the matter." 521 00:25:41,947 --> 00:25:44,067 Well, at least they've engaged with you. 522 00:25:44,067 --> 00:25:46,147 They've obviously read your letter. 523 00:25:46,147 --> 00:25:48,027 What about the e-mail from McDonald's? 524 00:25:48,027 --> 00:25:51,506 So McDonald's said "Reference number is blah blah blah. 525 00:25:51,506 --> 00:25:53,917 "Just want to let you know our team are currently reviewing 526 00:25:53,917 --> 00:25:55,947 "your feedback and we will be back in touch as soon as possible. 527 00:25:55,947 --> 00:25:58,467 "Kind regards, McDonald's customer service team." 528 00:25:58,467 --> 00:26:01,176 I think they've just sent you an automated response. 529 00:26:01,176 --> 00:26:02,947 That's not good enough. 530 00:26:02,947 --> 00:26:05,386 It's not just something like "Oh, I got too many tomatoes 531 00:26:05,386 --> 00:26:08,817 "in my burger." It's something about the lives of sea animals. 532 00:26:08,817 --> 00:26:12,756 The girls' friends at Brownies have responded to their call-out. 533 00:26:15,717 --> 00:26:17,426 What?! 534 00:26:17,426 --> 00:26:20,506 Hopefully we'll go to McDonald's and we'll just give them all back. 535 00:26:20,506 --> 00:26:22,867 Give us burgers, not plastic. 536 00:26:22,867 --> 00:26:26,227 I like that. That's a good... That's a good slogan. 537 00:26:26,227 --> 00:26:27,997 Give us burgers, not plastic. 538 00:26:27,997 --> 00:26:29,587 Girls, I'm so pleased. 539 00:26:29,587 --> 00:26:31,426 I feel like there's an army now. 540 00:26:31,426 --> 00:26:32,817 Yeah. Yes. 541 00:26:32,817 --> 00:26:34,636 Good work. 542 00:26:34,636 --> 00:26:35,917 Bve- Bye-bye. 543 00:26:35,917 --> 00:26:37,997 I'm totally inspired. 544 00:26:37,997 --> 00:26:41,587 I don't think McDonald's know what they're taking on with these two. 545 00:26:41,587 --> 00:26:44,997 They've underestimated the power of young girls. 546 00:26:47,997 --> 00:26:51,556 Plastic toys given away as a marketing tool by companies 547 00:26:51,556 --> 00:26:55,867 might not feel right, but all of us want to give presents 548 00:26:55,867 --> 00:26:57,867 to our family and friends. 549 00:27:01,947 --> 00:27:03,867 How are you? Lovely to see you. 550 00:27:03,867 --> 00:27:06,197 How are you doing? 551 00:27:06,197 --> 00:27:08,067 On the street in Bristol, 552 00:27:08,067 --> 00:27:10,917 Kay is well into her preparations for Christmas. 553 00:27:10,917 --> 00:27:12,636 Who do you buy presents for? 554 00:27:12,636 --> 00:27:15,867 I got four stepchildren, 16 step grandchildren, 555 00:27:15,867 --> 00:27:18,747 seven great grandchildren, but then I also buy 556 00:27:18,747 --> 00:27:21,837 for the children in the street anyway. 557 00:27:21,837 --> 00:27:23,787 With so many gifts to wrap, 558 00:27:23,787 --> 00:27:26,107 Kay often uses a convenient short cut. 559 00:27:28,227 --> 00:27:30,667 What is that made of? Is this what you use? 560 00:27:30,667 --> 00:27:33,176 It's paper. It's for birthday presents and Christmas gits. 561 00:27:33,176 --> 00:27:34,787 Is it foil or is it...? 562 00:27:34,787 --> 00:27:36,667 I have no idea. 563 00:27:36,667 --> 00:27:38,667 What, do you wanna take one with you? 564 00:27:38,667 --> 00:27:41,386 Shall we take that and figure out what it is? 565 00:27:41,386 --> 00:27:43,306 All right, cool. 566 00:27:43,306 --> 00:27:46,277 I like that you're setting me challenges as well. 567 00:27:46,277 --> 00:27:48,587 Kay's right to be concerned about how we wrap our gifts. 568 00:27:48,587 --> 00:27:52,477 At Christmas alone, we use enough wrapping paper to wrap 569 00:27:52,477 --> 00:27:57,306 around the world nine times, held together with 40 million rolls 570 00:27:57,306 --> 00:27:59,787 of polypropylene sticky tape. 571 00:28:01,027 --> 00:28:05,426 Some on the street are trying out different takes on gift wrap. 572 00:28:05,426 --> 00:28:07,917 I knew that I had a paper bag I'd bought from shops and I thought 573 00:28:07,917 --> 00:28:11,147 it would be a good idea to recycle them. 574 00:28:11,147 --> 00:28:14,506 Jess's mum Wendy has got even more creative. 575 00:28:14,506 --> 00:28:17,306 I'm making some little bags to put my Christmas gifts in, 576 00:28:17,306 --> 00:28:22,277 instead of trying to find plastic-free wrapping paper. 577 00:28:24,147 --> 00:28:27,837 Lots of wrapping paper includes plastic and can't be recycled. 578 00:28:29,147 --> 00:28:31,027 And when I do my research for Kay... 579 00:28:31,027 --> 00:28:32,747 Good to see you again! 580 00:28:34,556 --> 00:28:37,426 ...I discover there's a handy plastic check 581 00:28:37,426 --> 00:28:39,947 and it'll work for Kay's gift bags, too. 582 00:28:41,426 --> 00:28:43,027 It's called the crinkle test. 583 00:28:43,027 --> 00:28:45,787 Apparently if you just crinkle something, and if it pings back 584 00:28:45,787 --> 00:28:48,306 into shape, then it's got plastic in it. 585 00:28:48,306 --> 00:28:50,117 If it pings... Squeeze it... 586 00:28:50,117 --> 00:28:51,917 Yeah, yeah. And then... 587 00:28:53,917 --> 00:28:56,067 Are you surprised that that's got plastic in it? 588 00:28:56,067 --> 00:28:57,426 No. No, I'm not. 589 00:28:57,426 --> 00:29:00,027 Actually, I'd be more surprised if you said it hadn't got 590 00:29:00,027 --> 00:29:02,477 any plastic in it. 591 00:29:02,477 --> 00:29:06,607 This is properly single use, because no-one's going to use... 592 00:29:06,607 --> 00:29:11,217 They do, actually. If somebody gets that in a present, undoes the bow... 593 00:29:11,217 --> 00:29:13,767 But, Kay, not everyone is as organised as you. 594 00:29:13,767 --> 00:29:16,607 I just think people... You'd have to be very organised... 595 00:29:16,607 --> 00:29:18,887 We've got to differ on that one, I'm afraid. 596 00:29:18,887 --> 00:29:21,446 I'm sorry, but I don't agree with you. 597 00:29:21,446 --> 00:29:24,857 The end of the street experiment is in just a few weeks' time, 598 00:29:24,857 --> 00:29:27,807 so I'll be sure to check in with Kay again. 599 00:29:33,576 --> 00:29:35,967 HUGH: Producers of plastic like lneos are backing 600 00:29:35,967 --> 00:29:41,087 recycling as the solution to the plastic pollution crisis. 601 00:29:41,087 --> 00:29:44,967 But I've seen how our current recycling system is creating 602 00:29:44,967 --> 00:29:47,497 problems as well as solving them. 603 00:29:48,807 --> 00:29:53,497 A key way to reform it is to make the producers of plastic packaging 604 00:29:53,497 --> 00:29:57,047 pay for its collection, sorting and disposal. 605 00:29:57,047 --> 00:30:01,297 Currently, they only contribute 10% to those costs. 606 00:30:01,297 --> 00:30:05,047 The Minister for the Environment, Michael Gove, IS developing 607 00:30:05,047 --> 00:30:08,857 a new Government strategy to deal with our waste better, 608 00:30:08,857 --> 00:30:11,446 and last time we met, I put to him this principle 609 00:30:11,446 --> 00:30:13,326 that the polluter should pay. 610 00:30:13,326 --> 00:30:16,607 That responsibility belongs entirely to producers 611 00:30:16,607 --> 00:30:19,047 and retailers, and they should pay 100%. 612 00:30:19,047 --> 00:30:21,887 I absolutely accept the case, and I think they should... 613 00:30:21,887 --> 00:30:23,526 You accept the case for 100%? 614 00:30:23,526 --> 00:30:26,047 I accept the case that they should pay more. 615 00:30:26,047 --> 00:30:28,406 Three weeks later, I'm invited to the press launch 616 00:30:28,406 --> 00:30:30,687 for his waste and resources strategy 617 00:30:30,687 --> 00:30:32,727 at a London recycling facility. 618 00:30:32,727 --> 00:30:36,167 So, has he taken all this on board? 619 00:30:36,167 --> 00:30:41,247 Is he ready to make plastic polluters pay 100%? 620 00:30:41,247 --> 00:30:44,526 Hello. Hi. Nice to see you. How are you? Not too bad. 621 00:30:44,526 --> 00:30:47,406 You have news for all of us who are interested in waste policy 622 00:30:47,406 --> 00:30:49,367 and the future of plastics. 623 00:30:49,367 --> 00:30:52,526 What are the headlines? Tomorrow, we'll be publishing a document 624 00:30:52,526 --> 00:30:56,117 which outlines how we can change the way in which we deal with waste. 625 00:30:56,117 --> 00:30:58,446 One of the first things, which I know is something 626 00:30:58,446 --> 00:31:01,326 that you've been calling for, Hugh, is that we're going to say 627 00:31:01,326 --> 00:31:03,887 to all producers that they must pay the full cost of dealing 628 00:31:03,887 --> 00:31:05,807 with material that they generate. 629 00:31:05,807 --> 00:31:08,297 Producers will be responsible for 100%? 630 00:31:08,297 --> 00:31:11,007 100% of the cost... 100% of the cost of recovery and recycling? Yes. 631 00:31:11,007 --> 00:31:13,367 Obviously you're going to get pushed back on that. 632 00:31:13,367 --> 00:31:15,607 You're going to stand firm and stick to 100%? 633 00:31:15,607 --> 00:31:17,247 Oh, yes, absolutely, yes. 634 00:31:17,247 --> 00:31:19,367 I think it's critical that we do so. 635 00:31:19,367 --> 00:31:23,406 So the Minister seems to be on track with the idea that the polluters 636 00:31:23,406 --> 00:31:26,857 should pay in full, although the strategy still has a way to go 637 00:31:26,857 --> 00:31:28,607 to become policy. 638 00:31:28,607 --> 00:31:33,367 And even if we do get a properly funded overhaul of our recycling, 639 00:31:33,367 --> 00:31:37,607 I'm starting to wonder - will this be enough? 640 00:31:40,576 --> 00:31:44,757 I've been haunted by this sense of a plastics industry 641 00:31:44,757 --> 00:31:47,217 that's hell-bent on growth. 642 00:31:47,217 --> 00:31:51,117 You know, that's all about more, not less. 643 00:31:51,117 --> 00:31:55,217 I'm meeting the lead plastics campaigner for Friends of the Earth, 644 00:31:55,217 --> 00:31:56,887 Julian Kirby... 645 00:31:56,887 --> 00:31:58,367 Hi, Julian. 646 00:31:58,367 --> 00:32:01,247 ...who's been modelling possible futures for global plastic. 647 00:32:01,247 --> 00:32:04,247 I've got to a certain point in my plastics journey 648 00:32:04,247 --> 00:32:07,396 where, I have to say, things are feeling pretty intense, 649 00:32:07,396 --> 00:32:09,937 especially since I went to Grangemouth and visited 650 00:32:09,937 --> 00:32:11,857 the lneos plant. 651 00:32:11,857 --> 00:32:14,807 What I'm hearing is, sure, they're going to open new plants 652 00:32:14,807 --> 00:32:18,446 and build more ethylene crackers, but that's fine, 653 00:32:18,446 --> 00:32:21,967 because they're going to use more recycled plastic 654 00:32:21,967 --> 00:32:25,497 and we're going to be better at recycling, and the Government's 655 00:32:25,497 --> 00:32:28,607 going to make sure that councils are better at recycling, 656 00:32:28,607 --> 00:32:31,247 and we're going to recycle our way out of this problem 657 00:32:31,247 --> 00:32:33,607 and it's all going to be fine. Is it going to be fine? 658 00:32:33,607 --> 00:32:36,247 No, it's not. Not if we take that approach, 659 00:32:36,247 --> 00:32:39,007 which is just carry on making more and more and more and hope 660 00:32:39,007 --> 00:32:42,047 that recycling will get us out of the fix, because recycling 661 00:32:42,047 --> 00:32:43,887 can't do that. Take this plate. 662 00:32:43,887 --> 00:32:46,167 Imagine this is the circular economy. 663 00:32:46,167 --> 00:32:48,326 So we talk about the circular economy is a good thing 664 00:32:48,326 --> 00:32:51,087 and we need to recycle things as much as possible. 665 00:32:51,087 --> 00:32:53,646 Once we've made a plastic bottle, we'll recycle it 666 00:32:53,646 --> 00:32:55,446 round and round as a plastic bottle. 667 00:32:55,446 --> 00:32:58,446 But what people never talk about in the debate is the size 668 00:32:58,446 --> 00:32:59,807 \ of the circle. I 669 00:32:59,807 --> 00:33:02,967 So it's all very well putting in plastic and then making it 670 00:33:02,967 --> 00:33:04,326 spin around. 671 00:33:04,326 --> 00:33:06,937 But if you're putting in more and more plastic, 672 00:33:06,937 --> 00:33:09,007 then your circle is getting bigger and bigger, 673 00:33:09,007 --> 00:33:11,607 and more plastic means more climate-changing pollution 674 00:33:11,607 --> 00:33:14,037 from the fossil fuels that are needed to make that plastic. 675 00:33:14,037 --> 00:33:17,687 So if you're getting 20% better at recycling, 676 00:33:17,687 --> 00:33:22,367 but the circle is getting 50% bigger every few years... 677 00:33:22,367 --> 00:33:27,247 Yeah. ..your problems of plastic pollution are going up, not down. 678 00:33:27,247 --> 00:33:29,167 Yeah, absolutely. 679 00:33:29,167 --> 00:33:31,217 Mass expansion of plastic production and use 680 00:33:31,217 --> 00:33:33,687 is driving the plastic pollution crisis, 681 00:33:33,687 --> 00:33:37,007 but it's also a major contributor to the climate crisis. 682 00:33:37,007 --> 00:33:40,217 The focus has to be on reducing how much plastic we're making 683 00:33:40,217 --> 00:33:42,287 and using in the first place. 684 00:33:42,287 --> 00:33:44,757 That is really missing from the conversation, 685 00:33:44,757 --> 00:33:48,857 and yet it's an essential part of dealing with the plastic crisis. 686 00:33:48,857 --> 00:33:52,477 I can see why getting behind recycling serves the makers 687 00:33:52,477 --> 00:33:56,607 of plastic so well - it's completely compatible with giving us 688 00:33:56,607 --> 00:33:58,446 more and more plastic. 689 00:33:58,446 --> 00:34:02,857 And I wonder whether the businesses that are using so much of it 690 00:34:02,857 --> 00:34:05,576 might be playing the same game. 691 00:34:10,576 --> 00:34:14,287 Giveaway toy campaigners Caitlin and Ella are clear about the plastic 692 00:34:14,287 --> 00:34:16,396 they don't need. 693 00:34:16,396 --> 00:34:18,167 Hello, action team! 694 00:34:18,167 --> 00:34:20,477 How are you? 695 00:34:20,477 --> 00:34:24,167 Burger King have sent us an update on their plans, writing, 696 00:34:24,167 --> 00:34:26,887 "We are trialling the removal of toys, and working 697 00:34:26,887 --> 00:34:28,967 "on the development of alternatives, 698 00:34:28,967 --> 00:34:31,687 "our goal being to have a more sustainable toy solution 699 00:34:31,687 --> 00:34:33,607 "in place by 2020. 700 00:34:33,607 --> 00:34:37,937 "In the meantime, we'd like to applaud Ella and Caitlin 701 00:34:37,937 --> 00:34:39,446 "for their initiative." 702 00:34:39,446 --> 00:34:41,887 They're all McDonald's ones... 703 00:34:41,887 --> 00:34:45,210 But the girls haven't received anything from McDonald's 704 00:34:45,211 --> 00:34:48,247 beyond their automated response, and have come to London to deliver 705 00:34:48,247 --> 00:34:51,217 their petition to the head office around the corner. 706 00:34:51,217 --> 00:34:55,037 Look at all those! 166,101. 707 00:34:58,287 --> 00:35:01,857 I've brought along a little addition... 708 00:35:01,857 --> 00:35:05,167 Choo-choo! Off we go. 709 00:35:05,167 --> 00:35:07,326 ...to make sure they get noticed. 710 00:35:10,927 --> 00:35:14,287 We've gathered a small army of McDonald's toys... 711 00:35:16,326 --> 00:35:18,646 ...to help show the scale of the problem 712 00:35:18,646 --> 00:35:20,607 the girls are highlighting. 713 00:35:22,799 --> 00:35:24,518 Come and check it out. 714 00:35:24,518 --> 00:35:26,719 That is a lot! Unbelievable. 715 00:35:26,719 --> 00:35:28,749 "This many plastic Happy Meal toys 716 00:35:28,749 --> 00:35:31,959 "are given away in the UK every five minutes." 717 00:35:31,959 --> 00:35:33,518 Five minutes! 718 00:35:33,518 --> 00:35:36,279 That's just ridiculous. When you go in to give your petition, 719 00:35:36,279 --> 00:35:39,879 I thought maybe we could drop this off as well. Yes. 720 00:35:39,879 --> 00:35:43,279 But before marching on McDonald's, we attract a bit of a crowd. 721 00:35:43,279 --> 00:35:45,959 So these two, Ella and Caitlin, 722 00:35:45,959 --> 00:35:48,799 have got a petition here that they've done 723 00:35:48,799 --> 00:35:51,568 so they're going to take this to McDonald's. 724 00:35:51,568 --> 00:35:54,388 What do you think? Is that a good thing? Yeah. 725 00:35:54,388 --> 00:35:57,239 So you've got all the support. Let's do it. Good. 726 00:35:57,239 --> 00:35:58,638 Let's do it. Lead the way, girls. 727 00:35:58,638 --> 00:36:00,568 MUSIC: Alright by Supergrass 728 00:36:00,568 --> 00:36:03,279 # We are young, we run green... # 729 00:36:03,279 --> 00:36:06,599 Giant plastic worm coming through. 730 00:36:06,599 --> 00:36:09,029 # ..See our friends, see the sights 731 00:36:09,029 --> 00:36:10,919 # Feel alright. # 732 00:36:10,919 --> 00:36:13,959 At least McDonald's can't deal with this approach by using 733 00:36:13,959 --> 00:36:16,109 an automated response. 734 00:36:16,109 --> 00:36:19,469 We've done a petition against McDonald's plastic toys. 735 00:36:19,469 --> 00:36:22,669 We want to speak to the sustainability department 736 00:36:22,669 --> 00:36:25,359 because we've got quite a few signatures. 737 00:36:25,359 --> 00:36:27,879 Yes, can you come downstairs, please? 738 00:36:27,879 --> 00:36:29,749 Can we ask who's coming downstairs? 739 00:36:29,749 --> 00:36:31,879 Someone that can help you. 740 00:36:31,879 --> 00:36:34,279 OK, thank you very much. 741 00:36:36,279 --> 00:36:39,919 But the person who comes is not who we were hoping for. 742 00:36:39,919 --> 00:36:42,469 We're just here to see if we can speak to somebody. 743 00:36:42,469 --> 00:36:44,599 No, you can't, I'm afraid. We can't speak to anybody? 744 00:36:44,599 --> 00:36:46,209 I'll talk to you outside. 745 00:36:46,209 --> 00:36:48,599 But what about the girls who want to speak to somebody? 746 00:36:48,599 --> 00:36:51,669 And the girls as well. So we're not allowed to stay in reception? No. 747 00:36:51,669 --> 00:36:54,388 That's fine. Can I ask who you are? Yeah, I'm the security. 748 00:36:54,388 --> 00:36:57,999 OK. Security is escorting us off the property. 749 00:36:57,999 --> 00:36:59,999 Can we ask you to go down to the bottom? 750 00:36:59,999 --> 00:37:02,438 Can we just tell you what the girls are... 751 00:37:02,438 --> 00:37:04,079 I can tell you down the bottom. OK. 752 00:37:04,079 --> 00:37:05,999 You've not even asked us what we're here to do. 753 00:37:05,999 --> 00:37:08,159 I'll ask you down the bottom. OK. 754 00:37:08,159 --> 00:37:11,079 Do you want to take this with you? You don't want this on the property? 755 00:37:11,079 --> 00:37:12,669 No. No. 756 00:37:12,669 --> 00:37:15,638 I think the girls might want... They've brought a petition. 757 00:37:18,799 --> 00:37:21,599 We retreat back to the public pavement. 758 00:37:21,599 --> 00:37:24,159 Are you all right? It's fine, OK? 759 00:37:24,159 --> 00:37:25,719 760 00:37:25,719 --> 00:37:28,669 He said he was going to talk to us about what we wanted, 761 00:37:28,669 --> 00:37:30,749 and now he's just disappeared. 762 00:37:30,749 --> 00:37:34,669 He basically wanted to get us off his property. It's not OK. 763 00:37:36,209 --> 00:37:40,079 I feel like companies should be ready to hear people's complaints. 764 00:37:40,079 --> 00:37:42,408 Like, they don't really care. 765 00:37:42,408 --> 00:37:45,328 They're really hurting the environment. All they care about 766 00:37:45,328 --> 00:37:47,979 is that people are still buying their things 767 00:37:47,979 --> 00:37:49,619 and they still get money. 768 00:37:49,619 --> 00:37:51,939 They didn't come out of their office to talk to you, 769 00:37:51,939 --> 00:37:54,099 but I'm pretty sure McDonald's will be watching. 770 00:37:54,099 --> 00:37:56,408 So how about you tell them what you want to say? 771 00:37:56,408 --> 00:37:58,689 I want to say that this is just ridiculous. 772 00:37:58,689 --> 00:38:01,538 These toys are not needed. 773 00:38:01,538 --> 00:38:03,458 No-one needs these toys. 774 00:38:03,458 --> 00:38:06,538 We don't want them, and you can't say that no-one else agrees 775 00:38:06,538 --> 00:38:11,619 with us, because there's... BOTH: ..166,101 signatures. 776 00:38:11,619 --> 00:38:14,899 I don't doubt there are more people than that who agree with us. 777 00:38:14,899 --> 00:38:17,969 You should be changing this and you shouldn't be doing this, 778 00:38:17,969 --> 00:38:20,049 McDonald's, it's crazy. 779 00:38:20,049 --> 00:38:21,939 The girls are eventually 780 00:38:21,939 --> 00:38:24,299 allowed back in to drop off their petition 781 00:38:24,299 --> 00:38:26,379 with the receptionist. 782 00:38:26,379 --> 00:38:30,019 McDonald's may not have come to talk to us today, 783 00:38:30,019 --> 00:38:33,019 but until they stop giving out plastic toys, 784 00:38:33,019 --> 00:38:36,179 I think they may be hearing a lot more from the likes 785 00:38:36,179 --> 00:38:38,049 of Ella and Caitlin. 786 00:38:47,259 --> 00:38:50,658 The experiment to see how much the streets in Bristol 787 00:38:50,658 --> 00:38:54,099 can reduce its single-use plastic is at its end. 788 00:38:59,049 --> 00:39:03,869 Our team of counters are revisiting the 22 houses taking part... 789 00:39:03,869 --> 00:39:06,512 We've got one, two, three, four... 790 00:39:06,536 --> 00:39:09,687 ...adding up every piece so we can compare the total 791 00:39:09,687 --> 00:39:12,536 with the original counts four months ago. 792 00:39:14,257 --> 00:39:16,656 How are you? Come on in. 793 00:39:18,017 --> 00:39:22,217 If this normal street has been able to make a significant reduction, 794 00:39:22,217 --> 00:39:26,406 there IS hope we can find a way out of the plastics crisis. 795 00:39:28,536 --> 00:39:31,177 Hey! Welcome back! 796 00:39:31,177 --> 00:39:33,047 What a massive day. 797 00:39:33,047 --> 00:39:36,456 Before everyone gets together for the collective result... 798 00:39:36,456 --> 00:39:39,177 Let's do it. I'll go this way, you go that way... Brilliant. 799 00:39:39,177 --> 00:39:41,937 ...and we'll meet up at the end and see what we find. Can't wait. 800 00:39:41,937 --> 00:39:44,867 ...Hugh and I are keen to hear how people on the street 801 00:39:44,867 --> 00:39:46,897 are feeling about the challenge. 802 00:39:46,897 --> 00:39:49,297 Good morning. Hi, Wendy. Hello. 803 00:39:49,297 --> 00:39:50,687 I hesitate to say 804 00:39:50,687 --> 00:39:53,326 you were one of the worst on the street for plastic, 805 00:39:53,326 --> 00:39:56,377 but you were one of the worst on the street for plastic! 806 00:39:56,377 --> 00:39:58,857 Mad! All that stuff. 807 00:39:58,857 --> 00:40:02,297 Is that about it now, for sort of cleaning products? 808 00:40:02,297 --> 00:40:03,576 That looks refillable too. 809 00:40:03,576 --> 00:40:05,377 That's what Anna made me, across the road. 810 00:40:05,377 --> 00:40:07,536 It's not necessarily that you've got rid of a load, 811 00:40:07,536 --> 00:40:09,687 it's that what you've got left is refillable. Yeah. 812 00:40:09,687 --> 00:40:12,177 The wet wipes are gone. Have they? Yeah. 813 00:40:12,177 --> 00:40:14,937 What have you done? It's quite easy - we just don't buy any more. 814 00:40:14,937 --> 00:40:18,607 Just use a cloth. Massive change is the water bottles. They are gone. 815 00:40:18,607 --> 00:40:21,687 And what have you replaced that with? The water filter. 816 00:40:21,687 --> 00:40:23,576 There's been some drastic changes. 817 00:40:23,576 --> 00:40:25,687 What was the big thing for you? 818 00:40:25,687 --> 00:40:27,217 Ii 819 00:40:27,217 --> 00:40:29,297 Do you miss them? Not at all. 820 00:40:29,297 --> 00:40:32,817 Once I realised how much of a problem they were causing, 821 00:40:32,817 --> 00:40:34,737 it was a no-brainer. 822 00:40:34,737 --> 00:40:38,217 One resident's agoraphobia means she can't turn out 823 00:40:38,217 --> 00:40:40,047 for the result of the count. 824 00:40:40,047 --> 00:40:42,377 Throughout the experiment, the wonderful Kay 825 00:40:42,377 --> 00:40:44,257 has been my reality check. 826 00:40:45,687 --> 00:40:47,857 Now, what I've done is, that's the wrapping bag - 827 00:40:47,857 --> 00:40:50,656 all wrapping what come off of presents. 828 00:40:50,656 --> 00:40:53,817 This is the bag that you said people will re-use. 829 00:40:53,817 --> 00:40:55,487 Yeah, but they didn't, did they? 830 00:40:55,487 --> 00:40:57,897 So what do you think? Are you going to use those next year? 831 00:40:57,897 --> 00:41:00,047 I probably won't, actually. 832 00:41:00,047 --> 00:41:03,217 That could be one of the ones I'm not going to do next year. 833 00:41:03,217 --> 00:41:05,177 You're not going to use these next year! No. 834 00:41:05,177 --> 00:41:07,737 The bottom line is, I'm thinking that I can make a bit 835 00:41:07,737 --> 00:41:09,177 of a difference and, 836 00:41:09,177 --> 00:41:12,576 if I could do it, so can a lot of other people, really. 837 00:41:15,297 --> 00:41:19,377 I love Kay's growing positivity AND the other successes I've seen 838 00:41:19,377 --> 00:41:24,297 on the street, but I'm aware they're not the full picture. 839 00:41:24,297 --> 00:41:27,047 Not everybody's been able to do that much. 840 00:41:27,047 --> 00:41:30,456 Some people not engaged with this at all, and it's not 841 00:41:30,456 --> 00:41:32,817 actually that easy for people to be as plastic free 842 00:41:32,817 --> 00:41:36,857 as they want to be because of the way things are sold. 843 00:41:36,857 --> 00:41:39,607 So, all of that taken into account, 844 00:41:39,607 --> 00:41:42,497 what do I think about what's going to happen? 845 00:41:42,497 --> 00:41:44,326 No idea. 846 00:41:44,326 --> 00:41:48,857 I just hope the plastic is less than it was when we first started. 847 00:41:48,857 --> 00:41:50,937 As the residents gather, 848 00:41:50,937 --> 00:41:55,297 our team calculates the grand total, ready for the big reveal. 849 00:42:04,857 --> 00:42:07,097 Hello, everyone! Hey! Hi! 850 00:42:07,097 --> 00:42:10,656 OK, so today is the big day where we're going to find out 851 00:42:10,656 --> 00:42:13,127 what we've all been up to. 852 00:42:13,127 --> 00:42:16,656 Right. A lot of us are gathered here who've been involved in the project 853 00:42:16,656 --> 00:42:19,276 but there is a really special, important person that 854 00:42:19,276 --> 00:42:22,307 I've spent a lot of time with. Kay, are you with us? 855 00:42:22,307 --> 00:42:23,918 'I'm here! Hi! I 856 00:42:23,918 --> 00:42:25,918 Hello, Kay! CHEERING 857 00:42:25,918 --> 00:42:28,198 It's great to see you all there. 858 00:42:28,198 --> 00:42:30,108 So shall we do the results? 859 00:42:30,108 --> 00:42:32,307 ALL: Yes! 860 00:42:32,307 --> 00:42:38,128 Four months ago, the total plastic that came from this street 861 00:42:38,128 --> 00:42:45,358 was 15,774 single-use bits of plastic. 862 00:42:45,358 --> 00:42:46,798 So... 863 00:42:48,307 --> 00:42:52,228 I just want to be clear that the same houses 864 00:42:52,228 --> 00:42:56,478 that were measured on day one have been measured now. 865 00:42:56,478 --> 00:43:00,307 It's a proper comparison of like figures. 866 00:43:00,307 --> 00:43:01,878 Here it comes. 867 00:43:03,838 --> 00:43:05,078 The figure today... 868 00:43:06,878 --> 00:43:08,557 ...is... 869 00:43:12,278 --> 00:43:13,358 Yes! 870 00:43:13,358 --> 00:43:17,278 8,610 bits of plastic! That is amazing. 871 00:43:17,278 --> 00:43:19,868 CHEERING 872 00:43:19,868 --> 00:43:22,358 So that is a reduction of... 873 00:43:22,358 --> 00:43:24,918 ...45%! Wow! 874 00:43:24,918 --> 00:43:27,718 Yeah, come on! This is you! 875 00:43:29,387 --> 00:43:34,517 You have come very, very close to halving the amount of plastic 876 00:43:34,517 --> 00:43:38,108 you're using in the street. Phenomenal. 877 00:43:38,108 --> 00:43:43,028 If every street in the country followed your example, by how many 878 00:43:43,028 --> 00:43:47,387 pieces of plastic would we reduce the plastic mountain that's now 879 00:43:47,387 --> 00:43:49,108 sitting on top of us all? 880 00:43:49,108 --> 00:43:51,228 What would it be? 881 00:43:51,228 --> 00:43:55,868 8.8 billion pieces of plastic less in our lives. 882 00:43:55,868 --> 00:44:00,078 That's 8.8 billion pieces of plastic that won't end up in the sea. 883 00:44:00,078 --> 00:44:03,108 That won't get burned somewhere in Asia 884 00:44:03,108 --> 00:44:05,798 because we don't know how to deal with it. 885 00:44:05,798 --> 00:44:09,668 It would be a phenomenal achievement for the nation 886 00:44:09,668 --> 00:44:12,637 to do what you have done. 887 00:44:12,637 --> 00:44:16,028 We've learned so much. Yeah, it's been amazing. 888 00:44:16,028 --> 00:44:17,838 One of the really great things 889 00:44:17,838 --> 00:44:20,278 has been our community coming together. 890 00:44:20,278 --> 00:44:23,198 There is a small revolution going on, and, yes... 891 00:44:23,198 --> 00:44:24,637 Now let's make it a big one. 892 00:44:24,637 --> 00:44:27,387 We need to make it a big one, yeah. Amazing. Thank you. 893 00:44:30,028 --> 00:44:32,278 WHOOPING 894 00:44:38,387 --> 00:44:42,998 This ordinary British street has proved that making 895 00:44:42,998 --> 00:44:46,918 a significant reduction to the plastic in our lives IS possible, 896 00:44:46,918 --> 00:44:49,387 but it hasn't all been easy. 897 00:44:49,387 --> 00:44:51,998 What are the hardest things to buy without plastic? 898 00:44:51,998 --> 00:44:53,437 899 00:44:53,437 --> 00:44:55,557 Food that you're going to keep 900 00:44:55,557 --> 00:44:58,118 for a while like the bars, the pasta. 901 00:44:58,118 --> 00:45:01,078 It's very frustrating to go to Sainsbury's thinking, right, 902 00:45:01,078 --> 00:45:02,998 I'm going to avoid plastic 903 00:45:02,998 --> 00:45:05,948 and then... You can't. ..l need X, Y and Z, 904 00:45:05,948 --> 00:45:08,748 and it's all encased in plastic. 905 00:45:11,108 --> 00:45:14,948 Of course, the supermarkets aren't silent on the subject of plastics. 906 00:45:14,948 --> 00:45:17,798 They've all got a plan, and I'm absolutely convinced 907 00:45:17,798 --> 00:45:22,198 that this is where we need to see change - from our supermarkets. 908 00:45:22,198 --> 00:45:25,358 This is where we have to pile on the pressure. 909 00:45:25,358 --> 00:45:28,387 One of the baselines for the supermarkets' plans 910 00:45:28,387 --> 00:45:33,198 is a pledge that they've all signed called the Plastics Pact. 911 00:45:33,198 --> 00:45:38,158 And here's the number one commitment - that by 2025, 912 00:45:38,158 --> 00:45:42,228 100% of our plastic packaging to be reusable, 913 00:45:42,228 --> 00:45:44,868 recyclable or compostable. 914 00:45:44,868 --> 00:45:46,948 They've got three choices. 915 00:45:46,948 --> 00:45:50,637 So, which of these are they actually going to choose? 916 00:45:50,637 --> 00:45:54,557 The different supermarkets' plastics plans have been analysed 917 00:45:54,557 --> 00:45:58,637 by the Environmental Investigation Agency and Greenpeace. 918 00:46:01,948 --> 00:46:04,078 I've come to discuss their findings 919 00:46:04,078 --> 00:46:08,818 with Greenpeace's ocean plastics campaigner Elena Polisano. 920 00:46:08,818 --> 00:46:11,048 Hi, Elena. Hi. How are you? 921 00:46:11,048 --> 00:46:14,688 The survey found that UK supermarkets produce 922 00:46:14,688 --> 00:46:17,818 over 800,000 tonnes of single-use plastic a year - 923 00:46:17,818 --> 00:46:20,298 a third of all our plastic packaging - 924 00:46:20,298 --> 00:46:23,128 so their future plans really matter. 925 00:46:23,128 --> 00:46:25,498 This is a familiar sight to us all, isn't it? 926 00:46:25,498 --> 00:46:28,768 So this is the sort of plastic we would call a problem plastic. 927 00:46:28,768 --> 00:46:30,298 It can't be recycled. 928 00:46:30,298 --> 00:46:33,018 Supermarkets need to make sure they're getting rid of this stuff. 929 00:46:33,018 --> 00:46:34,768 The three peppers... 930 00:46:34,768 --> 00:46:37,688 This crinkly stuff can't be recycled. Can't be recycled. 931 00:46:37,688 --> 00:46:42,457 But they are planning to phase this stuff out - in favour of what? 932 00:46:42,457 --> 00:46:44,527 Recyclable plastic, mainly. 933 00:46:44,527 --> 00:46:47,248 So we're still talking single-use plastic packaging. 934 00:46:47,248 --> 00:46:50,818 So the fact that it's single use but recyclable, that's still a problem. 935 00:46:50,818 --> 00:46:52,218 Absolutely! 936 00:46:52,218 --> 00:46:53,608 No waste system in the world 937 00:46:53,608 --> 00:46:56,527 could cope with the amount of plastic that we're producing. 938 00:46:56,527 --> 00:46:58,498 The evidence I think is there for us all to see, 939 00:46:58,498 --> 00:47:00,128 whether it's a walk along the beach 940 00:47:00,128 --> 00:47:02,138 or whether it's images of the plastic 941 00:47:02,138 --> 00:47:04,248 that we've exported around the world. 942 00:47:04,248 --> 00:47:06,738 Another solution open to the supermarkets 943 00:47:06,738 --> 00:47:10,818 under their pledge is to use compostable plastics. 944 00:47:10,818 --> 00:47:14,248 The worry with this stuff is that it needs very specific conditions 945 00:47:14,248 --> 00:47:16,768 in order to be compostable, 946 00:47:16,768 --> 00:47:20,688 and if it gets into the recycling stream it contaminates it. 947 00:47:20,688 --> 00:47:23,858 We need to move away from a throwaway culture where we imagine 948 00:47:23,858 --> 00:47:26,888 that our packaging just magically disappears. 949 00:47:26,888 --> 00:47:30,138 We need to move away from single use, full stop. 950 00:47:30,138 --> 00:47:32,818 Why do you think supermarkets are going down this route 951 00:47:32,818 --> 00:47:36,298 of sticking with plastics rather than properly addressing reduction? 952 00:47:36,298 --> 00:47:39,018 Because it's as close as you can get to business as usual. 953 00:47:39,018 --> 00:47:41,768 It's very profitable. It means that, you know, supermarkets 954 00:47:41,768 --> 00:47:44,378 don't need to make these big, radical changes. 955 00:47:44,378 --> 00:47:47,858 So this Plastics Pact actually makes it entirely possible 956 00:47:47,858 --> 00:47:51,608 that there'll be far more plastic in our supermarkets, not less. 957 00:47:51,608 --> 00:47:54,327 You could very well say, yup, I've met my target, 958 00:47:54,327 --> 00:47:56,298 2025, done and dusted, 959 00:47:56,298 --> 00:47:59,968 when, actually, the absolute amount of plastic could double. 960 00:48:05,888 --> 00:48:09,968 One way for supermarkets to break away from single-use plastic 961 00:48:09,968 --> 00:48:12,738 is to simply sell us goods without packaging. 962 00:48:12,738 --> 00:48:17,298 Two months ago, Tesco told me about their planned trial 963 00:48:17,298 --> 00:48:20,248 to encourage their customers to buy loose fruit and veg 964 00:48:20,248 --> 00:48:21,888 rather than packaged. 965 00:48:21,888 --> 00:48:25,738 So now I've come along to one of the two stores running the trial. 966 00:48:25,738 --> 00:48:28,138 I'm wondering whether I'll step in there 967 00:48:28,138 --> 00:48:30,048 and see a completely new type of Tesco. 968 00:48:30,048 --> 00:48:33,527 That's what I'm hoping to see. Less plastic. A lot less plastic. 969 00:48:35,808 --> 00:48:40,098 I'm meeting up with group quality director Sarah Bradbury. 970 00:48:40,098 --> 00:48:42,018 Hello, Sarah. Hello, how are you? 971 00:48:42,018 --> 00:48:44,327 I'm great. Lovely to see you again! 972 00:48:44,327 --> 00:48:46,608 The attractive displays of loose fruit and veg 973 00:48:46,608 --> 00:48:49,018 certainly look promising. 974 00:48:49,018 --> 00:48:53,457 At my last meeting with Sarah, I pointed out that buying produce 975 00:48:53,457 --> 00:48:56,768 loose often costs more than buying it packaged, 976 00:48:56,768 --> 00:48:59,938 and she promised me that this trial would be different. 977 00:48:59,938 --> 00:49:02,457 The peppers here are 25p here 978 00:49:02,457 --> 00:49:07,577 and we've got 30p for the red and for the orange ones as well. 979 00:49:07,577 --> 00:49:11,298 We've made sure they're absolutely price competitive. 980 00:49:11,298 --> 00:49:13,808 Sarah's kept her word on price, 981 00:49:13,808 --> 00:49:18,577 but the trial hasn't increased the choice if you want to buy loose. 982 00:49:18,577 --> 00:49:22,577 It's simply lowered the price of 45 lines of fruit and veg 983 00:49:22,577 --> 00:49:27,498 that were already being sold loose, and removed the packaged option. 984 00:49:27,498 --> 00:49:31,378 Hundreds of other lines are STILL in their packaging. 985 00:49:33,768 --> 00:49:38,498 You've got one, two, three, four, 986 00:49:38,498 --> 00:49:42,527 five, six, seven, 987 00:49:42,527 --> 00:49:44,888 eight, nine, ten, 988 00:49:44,888 --> 00:49:50,378 11, 12. 12 different ranges of tomatoes all in plastic 989 00:49:50,378 --> 00:49:54,378 and only two that are available without. There's not a choice. 990 00:49:54,378 --> 00:49:56,808 There is a choice here - there's absolutely a choice. 991 00:49:56,808 --> 00:49:59,688 I've got two loose tomatoes, and 12 in plastic. 992 00:49:59,688 --> 00:50:01,168 That's not a choice. 993 00:50:01,168 --> 00:50:04,298 If a company like Tesco makes a commitment to just get rid of 994 00:50:04,298 --> 00:50:06,298 as much plastic packaging as possible, 995 00:50:06,298 --> 00:50:09,498 you will have made a huge impact to the country as a whole. 996 00:50:09,498 --> 00:50:13,938 We would reduce our single plastic use overnight if you could do that. 997 00:50:13,938 --> 00:50:16,168 So it is important that we do that. 998 00:50:16,168 --> 00:50:18,758 We've created a culture around convenience 999 00:50:18,758 --> 00:50:21,688 and everybody is used to buying in a certain way. 1000 00:50:21,688 --> 00:50:24,248 You're right. We buy our tomatoes like this 1001 00:50:24,248 --> 00:50:27,138 because Tesco's is selling them to me like this. Yep. 1002 00:50:27,138 --> 00:50:29,407 You're telling me that this is convenient. 1003 00:50:29,407 --> 00:50:31,858 You're telling me that this is going to be better 1004 00:50:31,858 --> 00:50:33,168 for my tomatoes at home. 1005 00:50:33,168 --> 00:50:36,218 You're dictating to us how we should be buying. 1006 00:50:36,218 --> 00:50:39,447 How hard is it to just remove the packaging from the chain? 1007 00:50:39,447 --> 00:50:42,688 Practically, we could do it tomorrow if it was the right thing to do. 1008 00:50:42,688 --> 00:50:44,248 But we need to make sure that we've 1009 00:50:44,248 --> 00:50:47,327 brought the supply chain along with us. I'm not going to forget that. 1010 00:50:47,327 --> 00:50:49,498 Practically, you could do it tomorrow 1011 00:50:49,498 --> 00:50:51,858 if you thought it was the right thing to do? 1012 00:50:51,858 --> 00:50:55,777 I had such high hopes for this trial, but it just doesn't feel 1013 00:50:55,777 --> 00:51:00,138 like the dramatic change in thinking that we need. 1014 00:51:00,138 --> 00:51:02,608 For a massive, powerful supermarket, 1015 00:51:02,608 --> 00:51:07,138 you created a culture of shopping, you dictated to us how we shop. 1016 00:51:07,138 --> 00:51:11,168 Now I say to you - create another culture. Change the landscape. 1017 00:51:11,168 --> 00:51:15,098 Be radical. Set the standards for other supermarkets. 1018 00:51:15,098 --> 00:51:17,168 How about that? 1019 00:51:17,168 --> 00:51:21,858 A growing number of refill shops around the country have introduced 1020 00:51:21,858 --> 00:51:24,968 a genuine alternative to plastic-heavy shopping, 1021 00:51:24,968 --> 00:51:28,168 allowing us to fill our own bags and containers 1022 00:51:28,168 --> 00:51:30,248 with un-packaged produce. 1023 00:51:30,248 --> 00:51:32,298 I think they're great, 1024 00:51:32,298 --> 00:51:35,098 but, to date, they've struggled to match the supermarkets 1025 00:51:35,098 --> 00:51:37,447 for choice and affordability. 1026 00:51:37,447 --> 00:51:41,467 Catherine Conway is a consultant on reducing packaging 1027 00:51:41,467 --> 00:51:45,158 and is designing ways to scale up the refill approach 1028 00:51:45,158 --> 00:51:47,808 for our supermarket aisles. 1029 00:51:47,808 --> 00:51:51,138 Hi, Cath. Lovely to meet you. How are you doing? Very well. 1030 00:51:51,138 --> 00:51:55,218 So if you're looking at your future shopping crystal ball, 1031 00:51:55,218 --> 00:51:57,248 definitely not a plastic ball, 1032 00:51:57,248 --> 00:52:00,327 what does it look like, five years, ten years from now? 1033 00:52:00,327 --> 00:52:02,938 How could and should we be shopping? 1034 00:52:02,938 --> 00:52:06,327 So I guess packaging is something that enables the food to get 1035 00:52:06,327 --> 00:52:08,938 to your house, enables you to use it, 1036 00:52:08,938 --> 00:52:11,327 and then it goes back into the system to be reused 1037 00:52:11,327 --> 00:52:14,738 so it's just in a continual cycle of being cleaned, reused, cleaned, 1038 00:52:14,738 --> 00:52:16,657 reused, round and round. 1039 00:52:16,657 --> 00:52:19,248 Which actually plays to plastic's strength, 1040 00:52:19,248 --> 00:52:21,777 because it is really a durable substance. 1041 00:52:21,777 --> 00:52:24,018 It's about the system, not the material. 1042 00:52:24,018 --> 00:52:27,088 Imagine that you've got this kind of Tupperware at home. 1043 00:52:27,088 --> 00:52:29,407 One option is, you go into your store 1044 00:52:29,407 --> 00:52:31,138 and somebody refills that for you. 1045 00:52:31,138 --> 00:52:34,327 The other one is, you walk in and pick up a pre-filled piece 1046 00:52:34,327 --> 00:52:37,018 of reusable packaging from the supermarket, 1047 00:52:37,018 --> 00:52:40,298 take it home, use the goods and then you put it back into the system. 1048 00:52:40,298 --> 00:52:42,407 That's a big change we're asking for. 1049 00:52:42,407 --> 00:52:45,298 But if you think, traditionally, it's not that much of a change. 1050 00:52:45,298 --> 00:52:47,968 In some way, it's going back to systems that we used to have, 1051 00:52:47,968 --> 00:52:50,498 where it was refillable glass milk bottles - you know, 1052 00:52:50,498 --> 00:52:52,447 the way our parents used to shop, 1053 00:52:52,447 --> 00:52:54,657 and it's actually updating those systems 1054 00:52:54,657 --> 00:52:57,048 in a more tech-savvy, a more modern world. 1055 00:52:57,048 --> 00:52:59,048 It does sound like a brave new world 1056 00:52:59,048 --> 00:53:01,858 but not one in which there's zero cost to the environment. 1057 00:53:01,858 --> 00:53:04,738 You need heat and cleaning products. You're totally right. 1058 00:53:04,738 --> 00:53:08,138 But I firmly believe that if it's done to the right scale 1059 00:53:08,138 --> 00:53:11,298 at the right efficiencies, then the system has to be better 1060 00:53:11,298 --> 00:53:14,498 for the environment than the single-use alternative. 1061 00:53:14,498 --> 00:53:18,248 After several years of trying to engage supermarkets 1062 00:53:18,248 --> 00:53:21,327 Catherine is now advising one of them 1063 00:53:21,327 --> 00:53:25,938 as it dips its toes into the world of reusable packaging. 1064 00:53:25,938 --> 00:53:30,888 Waitrose are running a trial at just one branch for 11 weeks. 1065 00:53:32,327 --> 00:53:35,298 They've intercepted parts of their supply chain 1066 00:53:35,298 --> 00:53:38,378 before the plastic packaging goes on, 1067 00:53:38,378 --> 00:53:41,498 to offer 160 lines of loose fruit and veg 1068 00:53:41,498 --> 00:53:45,218 as well as refill stations for dry-store goods, 1069 00:53:45,218 --> 00:53:50,298 frozen fruit, coffee and even wine and beer. 1070 00:53:50,298 --> 00:53:52,688 You can bring your own containers and bags 1071 00:53:52,688 --> 00:53:55,688 or put down a deposit to borrow theirs. 1072 00:53:58,378 --> 00:54:02,088 I love not feeling guilty every time I buy fruit and veg any more. 1073 00:54:02,088 --> 00:54:05,218 Be even better if you could manage to provide milk 1074 00:54:05,218 --> 00:54:08,608 in returnable glass bottles or a milk refill station. 1075 00:54:08,608 --> 00:54:11,608 This is great. Hopefully more stores will do the same. 1076 00:54:11,608 --> 00:54:13,498 Well, that's the crunch, isn't it? 1077 00:54:13,498 --> 00:54:15,577 More stores will follow. 1078 00:54:15,577 --> 00:54:19,577 I mean, there's only one Waitrose doing this out of 360, 1079 00:54:19,577 --> 00:54:22,688 and thousands of other supermarkets 1080 00:54:22,688 --> 00:54:25,378 not really embracing this approach at all yet. 1081 00:54:25,378 --> 00:54:27,968 We're at the very, very beginning of something. 1082 00:54:27,968 --> 00:54:31,018 Or are we? Maybe it'll just peter out and die. 1083 00:54:31,018 --> 00:54:33,688 What I think is important about what's happening here 1084 00:54:33,688 --> 00:54:36,248 is that they're showing it is possible - 1085 00:54:36,248 --> 00:54:39,527 we can do our shopping without all this plastic. 1086 00:54:39,527 --> 00:54:41,527 And if that's going to scale up, 1087 00:54:41,527 --> 00:54:44,168 if that's going to become the new normal, 1088 00:54:44,168 --> 00:54:46,728 well, ultimately, it's going to be down to us. 1089 00:54:49,968 --> 00:54:54,018 We know the scale of the plastic problem we're facing. 1090 00:54:54,018 --> 00:54:57,527 Every single minute of every single day 1091 00:54:57,527 --> 00:55:02,888 a truckload of plastics is finding its way into the world's oceans. 1092 00:55:05,608 --> 00:55:10,888 And one street has shown us that we CAN do things differently. 1093 00:55:10,888 --> 00:55:15,048 So that is a reduction of... 45%. 1094 00:55:15,048 --> 00:55:16,218 WQW! 1095 00:55:16,218 --> 00:55:20,346 But if we are going to bring about the change our planet needs, 1096 00:55:20,370 --> 00:55:23,289 then we need to make ourselves heard. 1097 00:55:23,289 --> 00:55:26,929 Our supermarkets are always telling us that our opinions matter, 1098 00:55:26,929 --> 00:55:28,959 that they value our feedback. 1099 00:55:28,959 --> 00:55:31,039 So let's take them up on that. 1100 00:55:31,039 --> 00:55:34,289 Let's start feeding our plastic back. 1101 00:55:34,289 --> 00:55:37,079 I'm going to write "enough is enough". 1102 00:55:37,079 --> 00:55:40,129 These bananas are already packaged by nature. 1103 00:55:40,129 --> 00:55:43,648 Every year we spend BILLIONS in the big supermarkets. 1104 00:55:43,648 --> 00:55:45,799 So surely they'll listen! 1105 00:55:45,799 --> 00:55:49,039 I'll keep on buying but only if you keep on trying 1106 00:55:49,039 --> 00:55:51,719 to reduce my plastic packaging to zero. 1107 00:55:51,719 --> 00:55:55,239 Cauliflower does not need a plastic bag. 1108 00:55:55,239 --> 00:55:58,929 If you're shopping in the next seven clays, take those bits of plastic 1109 00:55:58,929 --> 00:56:01,849 that are really irritating you and take them back 1110 00:56:01,849 --> 00:56:03,129 to the supermarket. 1111 00:56:03,129 --> 00:56:06,159 Write your message on the plastic and hand it over. 1112 00:56:06,159 --> 00:56:09,599 My little note is, "Plastic isn't fantastic." 1113 00:56:09,599 --> 00:56:14,438 Please stop wrapping my fruit and vegetable in plastic. 1114 00:56:14,438 --> 00:56:17,039 Hashtag - #OurPlasticFeedback. 1115 00:56:17,039 --> 00:56:18,799 Why don't you get involved too? 1116 00:56:18,799 --> 00:56:21,079 Time to reduce. 1117 00:56:21,079 --> 00:56:24,879 And don't forget to add the hashtag... 1118 00:56:24,879 --> 00:56:27,039 Share it on social media. 1119 00:56:31,409 --> 00:56:33,679 And then feed it back. 1120 00:56:33,679 --> 00:56:35,799 We're giving our plastic feedback! 1121 00:56:35,799 --> 00:56:38,438 Just here to give our plastic feedback. 1122 00:56:38,438 --> 00:56:43,129 People across the country are starting to tell their supermarkets 1123 00:56:43,129 --> 00:56:47,129 they no longer want their single-use plastic. 1124 00:56:47,129 --> 00:56:51,999 They won't be very pleased, but I think they'll understand. 1125 00:56:51,999 --> 00:56:54,599 Do it for us, do it for our children, 1126 00:56:54,599 --> 00:56:56,209 do it for our grandchildren. 1127 00:56:56,209 --> 00:56:59,129 Let's make the change we need happen. 1128 00:56:59,129 --> 00:57:02,318 It looks like some people have had enough. 1129 00:57:02,318 --> 00:57:05,289 It's time for a plastics revolution. 1130 00:57:05,289 --> 00:57:07,799 There's too much plastic on our planet. 1131 00:57:07,799 --> 00:57:11,438 \ Hashtag... l 1132 00:57:11,438 --> 00:57:14,879 Let's tell the supermarkets how we feel. 1133 00:57:14,879 --> 00:57:17,768 For the next seven clays, let's give them... 1134 00:57:17,768 --> 00:57:20,929 ALL: ..our plastic feedback! 1135 00:57:25,518 --> 00:57:29,879 For the sake of the planet, 1136 00:57:29,879 --> 00:57:33,239 LESS plastic, please.